Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	burn_a	minute_n	zone_n	24	3	15.4842	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A03380	The schoole of skil containing two bookes: the first, of the sphere, of heauen, of the starres, of their orbes, and of the earth, &c. The second, of the sphericall elements, of the celestiall circles, and of their vses, &c. Orderly set forth according to art, with apt figures and proportions in their proper places, by Tho. Hill.	Hill, Thomas, b. ca. 1528.; Jaggard, William, 1569-1623.	1599 (1599)	STC 13502; ESTC S104125	144,541	253

and f g. be the latitudes of the temperate zones in heauen and s t a c r q. of them on earth The twoe outwarde zones to these here drawne bee by themselues noted as well in heauen as on earth Now that wee haue declared with the fiue cyrcles the latitudes either of the celestiall or terestriall zones are defined it shall therefore be necessary to write here of the latitudes of the earthly zones in miles And that you may readily find the latitude in miles multiply the degrées by 15. in that so many Germaine miles answere to one degrée of the great cyrcle in heauen as the 43. degrées of the burnt zone being the suns greatest declination multiplied by the 15. miles doe produce 705. Germain miles which is the latitude of the burning zone The latitude of either temperate zones containeth 646. Germain miles almost And from either Tropicke vnto the pointes right vnder the poles doeth the space or distaunce containe 352. Germaine miles Where is the beginning and end of euerie Zone according to latitude and which places are in which Zones THe middle of the burning zone is vnder the Equinoctiall line where either pole is in the Horizon And both be his bounds where the eleuation of the pole aswell Southerly as Northerly is of 13. degrées and 28. minutes For either temperate zone doeth there begin and streacheth vnto the same place where the eleuation of the pole is of 66. degrées and 30. minutes which place is the beginning of the cold zones By these nowe may a man easily conceiue which places are in which zone for if the eleuation of the Pole Northerly be lesser then 23. degrées and 28. minutes this place then is in the burning zone as the inner Libia Aethiopia a part of Arabia Felix and India But if the eleuation containeth precisely so many degrées and minutes the place then is in the bounde of the burnt and temperate zone as is Siene a city of Aegypt Further if the eleuation of the Northerly Pole bee greater then 23. degrées and 28. minutes yet lesser then 66. degrées and 30. minutes this place thē is in the temperate zone as Greece Italy Spaine Germanie France England c. But if the latitude be precisely of 66 degrées and 30. minutes the place is in the bound of the temperate and cold zone as is almost Lagenla●us of Suetia Last if the eleuation of the pole excéedeth 66. degrées and 30. minutes the place is in the cold zone beyond which degrées hath Nicolaus Douis a Germaine added a table of Noreway Gothland Iseland Greenland Fineland and Lapeland c. How the Zones and Climats doe differ THe Zone is a space or roome of the earth frō the West into the East and from thence by the midnight pointe againe into the West But the Clymate is a space of the earth whose beginning is constituted in the west and ende in the East A Zone also is the space of earth betwéene two cyrcles equidistant but a Climate is the only space or roome of the habitable earth contained betwéene two lines equidistant What the qualities of the Zones are TO the celestiall Zones are qualities attributed not formally but onely vertually that is the celestial zones are neither cold hot nor temperate but of this named colde burning and temperate through the sunne which one whiles comming into this and another whiles declining into that parte of the worlde do●th send downe his beames to the earth in sundry maner as one whiles plum downe right when the sun runneth vnder the equinoctiall and another whiles by a thwart maner as in the thwart sphere which beames besides how right angles they make on earth so much the greater heate they cause and how thwarter angles they make somuch the weaker heat they procure So that vnder the Equinoctiall the beames most rightly and downe right falling doe make right angles on the vpper face of the earth which through the same causeth a most great heat Also the beames faling toward either poles doe cause thwarter angles and they make the angles more vneuen or thwarter and therof the same heat is the lesser And in the temperate zone especially in the summer the beames doe make almost angles falling vnto a rightnes but in the winter vnto a thwartnes so that in the same Region is a cōmodious dwelling But in the colde zones the angles are caused vnlike or vneuen thwartest or slopest as in the burnt Zone they are rightest and most downward in somuch that the cold zones euen as the burnt are commodious to dwel vnder For the beames falling and reflexed how much néerer they fal and be togither somuch the stronger and mightier they moue and cause the heat as we dayly sée that the sun in the noonstéed being as in the summer to cast or streach downe almost perpendicular or down right beames which beames also are almost reflected into thēselues of which the greatest heat of the day then is caused And contrariwise the sun being in the East or west where y e beames streaching downward and reflexed are scatred and run abroade the effects be lesser and the heat much abated and féebled Euen so the beames in the burnt zone bee perpendicular or plum downright which reflexed into themselues do cause a most great heat In the temperate zone doe the beames bylitle and litle fall sloper and sloper of which they cause there a temperate heat But in the cold zones the beames furthest decline or fall slopest through which they procure no effect of the cōsequent cause there a very weake heat What the vtilities of the Zones be _1 THe auncient considerers of the stars haue thus instituted the distribution of the zones for two causes The one is that by this reason they might shewe to vs which places of the earth be reasonably habitable most commodious to dwell vnder 2 The other is as wee learne by experience that the wits of men and nature of places by them appeare and are knowne in that the ayre compassing vs is a certaine cause of the temperatnes For the maners and condicions of men as writeth Galen doe for the most parte ensue the temperamēts of the bodies yea the nature of trées plants hearbs and beasts do like ensue the temperament of ayre Of which that we might bee the surer and certainer of the natures of the foresaid matter it pleased the ancient to deuide them into fiue zones Of which it is wel known that the bodies of men or people dwelling vnder the burning zone as the Moores be shorter of stature thē those people dwelling vnder the temperate zones wilder and crueler Also they bee crafty and subtill of nature hauing besides wrinkled faces thick crisped heare on the head and blacke scorched bodies and crooked of stature Also all liuing and cresent things are found to agrée according to the quality of the ayre in that Region Further the people dwelling vnder the Northerly Parallels or Polare cyrcles

Tropicks all heauen into fiue parts or Regions which they call zones The descriptions names qualities and vtilities of the Zones THe foure lesser cyrcles called Parallels that were afore described doe deuide the whole heauen towarde the Poles into fiue spaces which that heauen might bee compassed aboute with these larger swathes the astronomers of the same called them Zones or otherwise of the Latines Gerdils The Cosmographers by the same imagination applied doe also dispose and distribute the whole Globe of the earth into fiue roomes or spaces lying directly vnder and agréeable in proportion to them in heauen Wherefore a zone after the minde of the Gréekes is a portion tract or space of heauen or earth betwéene the two Parallels or lesser cyrcles being nighest equidistant or contained betwéene the roome equidistaunt and Pole of the world and gyrdeth or compasseth as it were the heauen or earth Or thus a zone is a space of earth like to the two Parallels or lesser cyrcles aboue which the astronomers imagine to run on the vpper face of the sphere And as the whole portion included by the two Tropicks called the burning zone doth compasse heauen as a gyrdle euen so imagine the roome of the earth lying right vnder the Tropicks The zones haue sundry names for of the Gréekes they be called zóne and of the Latines by a borowed word Zona as may appeare by Iulius Firmicus Macrobius Virgilius Ouide and other Latines That heauen or earth is imagined to bee gyrded about with these Martianus nameth them swathes Tully and Macrobius nameth them by the like reason gyrdles Ouide nameth them plagues that is roomes or spaces And how many zones they bee may easily appeare in that the astrologians Geographers Phisitions and Poets do deuide as well the heauen as earth into siue roomes or spaces by the foure Parallels or lesser cyrcles of which there bee two maner of zones the celestiall and the earthlie The celestiall are the cause of the earthly in that the earthly lie directly vnder them And of the zones the celestiall bee they which the astronomers by imagination describe and distribute in the hollow of heauen the earthly be they which lie perpendicularly vnder And both also be temperate and vntemperate zones The celestiall zones in that they haue nothing of the elementary qualities therefore doe they not by heat burne and scorch nor by cold make stiffe nor cause a temperate mixture of qualities or temperatnesse yet are they noted and descerned by the names of the qualities as the earthly zones which being the author of the sun and fountaine both of light and heate and running continually in the middle zone of heauen is diuersly felt according to the maner of the distance Or thus there are no qualities formally attributed to the celestiall zones but to them onely vertually which is on this wise to be vnderstoode as that the celestiall zones of themselues be neither cold hot nor temperate but are so called through the suns declination from the equatour as well into the North as into the South quarter of the world In the which declination is the like matter felte as well in the suns right sending downe of beames as in the thwart proiection of thē on the vpper face of the earth which diuersly changeth the heat 〈◊〉 The scorching or vntemperate middle Zone which through the heat and burning beames the sun there causeth when he is ouer the head or in the Noonestéed place is contained betwéene the boundes of the sunnes iourney which the two Tropicks make and includeth 47. degrées of heauen For the two Tropicks are on either side the equatoure so that it vseth the middle roome in the burning zone from which the sun towarde the North and South neuer declineth aboue 23. degrées and 29. minutes By which appeareth that it is there as hot in the middle of winter as it is in Spaine in the middle of summer and therefore not disagréeing to that which the auncient Cosmographers wrote that the countries lying vnder this space or rather vnder the equatour is vnhabited through the burning heate and of them for this cause named the burning or scorching zone But of later yeares it is found contrary in that at Molucca Good-hope Calicute and Samatra rich drugges and other fine spices haue beene there gotten by the Spantards and Portingals and yéerly haunted by them as at this day the same is throughly known to many which also confesse that the places vnder the Equinoctiall and the rich City Calecute being by the sea coast of Inde standing betwéene the equatour and our Tropicke of Cancer and vnto the other Tropicke South vnder the Burning zone that the places is habitable and peopled although very cumbersome with extremity of heat Also that space on earth containeth 685. Germaine miles or 23500. furlongs Ptholomie and Auicen affirme that the places betwéen the equatour and summer Tropicke is habitable and that many Cities bee there although the sunne in those places through his direct beames and especially vnder the equatour doth by the ouer much heat and continual heat burn and mightily scorch The like doe sundry others affirme which write that those places is conuenient for the life of creatures in that vnder the equatour there bee many waters which although resolued and run through the heate yet doe they breath and send vpward colde vapors which the sun continually maintaineth in drawing vp through his vehement heat and sending down mighty showers of raine which vapors in the night through the suns furthest distance vnder the earth and especially at midnight cause a mighty cold and chilling ayre which the sun after his rising vntill he be somewhat ascended aboue the earth cannot sodainly ouercome and put away that cold impression of the ayre So that the people there inhabiting bee monstrous of forme and haue rude wits wondrous wild and terible conditions like to wilde and furious beasts The countries which lie vnder the Southerly Parallels as those which are described by the Equinoctiall line vnto the summer Tropicke where the sun is drawne and runneth ouer the tops of them there through the aboundance of vapors rayne and night colde is the suns heate repressed mitigated and dulled so that the heades of the Ethiopians or Moores be litle hauing but litle and withered braines their bodies short hauing thicke crisped haire on their heades grosse and dull of senses blacke scorched or burned bodies withred or wrinckled faces crooked of stature being in a maner hot by nature and cruell condicions through the mightinesse of heat in those places And the constitution also of the ayre is there such that al liuing and cresent things on that earth are found and known to agrée with them Further it is to be noted and vnderstood that any there trauailing from the Northerly places the further they goe towarde the South somuch the stronger heat or burning they shalbe annoyed with The two temperate zones be next adioining to the burning zone the

the sixt is learned that in the same Cyrcle as by the subiect is both the length of the whole earth and perticular places standing in diuers parts of the earth considered and measured For according to the exact doctrine of the sphericall tryangles the longitude or length of places and the difference of longitudes is alwaies the Equinoctiall Arke and not any Parallell By it also the declination of any degrée of the Zodiacke is knowne which being had in any day at noone the sun then shining cleare forth the Northerly latitude or eleuation of the Pole of any Towne may artificially be knowne It is besides the measure of time in that a naturall day is perfourmed by one whole returne of the Equinoctiall with an adition or inerease to that parte of the Ecclipticke which the sun in the meane whiles accomplisheth by his proper motion against the motion of the first mouer 7 By the seuenth it much auaileth and helpeth the doctrine of astrology in that by the guide and leading of the same are the beginnings of the twelue houses of heauen found when astrologiall figures are erected and fashioned to prognosticate or iudge by which can neuer so perfectly be searched and found without the Equatoure and this through the vnlike motion and ascention of the parts or signes of the Zodiacke By it also are all Townes according to their longitude and latitude easily placed and found in the earthly Globe so that by it a man may readily know which Townes are Northerly and which Southerly It hath besides a most great vse in Geography vnto finding the distances of places and vnto placing of Cities in the earthly globe in hauing the true longitude and latitude of them 8 The eight instruction that by it a man may attaine the knowledge of all the celestiall Parallell cyrcles and the earthly Zones lying vnder them As by this example the Parallel streached along by Rodes cannot otherwise be knowne but by his distance from the Equinoctial as by his principall fore noted Parallell which a man may learne and know to bée from the Equatoure toward the North 36. degrées The same knowledge may aptly be had of all the other Parallell cyrcles rightly knowne so that none otherwise can bee prompt and saillfull in Geographicall matters Cleonedes affirmeth prima Meteor that it afterwards behoueth to know how to discribe each turning about of the fixed stars with the first mouer about his Center cyrcle as that all the Parallell cyrcles are knowne Séeing among those cyrcles the Equinoctiall is greatest and those Parallell cyrcles least which are drawne about the Poles of the worlde euen the like are those the greater cyrcles according to proportion from them which are described vnto the Equinoctiall 9 The niuth sheweth that no description of the earth although in platefourme can bee expressed neither by straight nor crooked lines without the knowledge of the Equatoure 10 By the tenth appeareth what commodity of the same hath and serueth in the iudging of genitures is here by silence ouerpassed séeing with breuity it cannot bée vttered The description names and offices of the Zodiacke and Ecclipticke line or way of the Sunne AFter the ancient Astronomers had deuided heauen into twoe equall halfes by the Equinoctiall and diligently obserued and noted the thwart drawing and standing of the Zodiacke and a like forme of a larger Zone the diuers courses motions and wandrings both of the sun moone and other Planets which being drawne about with the first moouer kept no equall spaces in them selues agréeing to the first moouer nor a like distaunt in their motions from the Equatoure but that whiles they were dayly drawn by a contrary motion of the first moouer into the East they in the meane time wandered one whiles into the North and anotherwhiles into the South vnto a certaine elongation and distiance and so returned vnto that cyrcle They abserued also that the Planets kept alwaies one maner of iourney and way and that way cutting or cressing heauen and the Equinoctiall by a thwart manner the same of these they named the Zodiacke This cyrcle of the 12 signes commonly called the Zodiacke which also is a greater cyrcle and thwart lying hauing a latitude moueable vnto the motion of the sphere to which it fasteneth and euery where is a like vnder which the Planettes by a continuall motion are drawne and run This cyrcle also doe the Latines name thwart through the thwart standing of it for the Equatour doth compasse the sphere of the worlde by the iust middle space betwéen either Pole but the Zodiacke is thwartly drawn both to the sphere of the worlde and to the Equatoure so that in some partes it is nearer to the Poles of the same and in some parts further distance from it It is crossed also of the Equatoure into two eqnall halfe cyrcles of which the one is called the Boreall or Northerly halfe cyrcle and the other the Meridionall or Southerly halfe cyrcle therefore by the continuall turning of heauen drawne about vnto any right and thwart Horizont inclined according to the thwart Angles it doeth both chaunge and varie those Angles by the continuall motion and turning about For to certaine Arks it figureth and formeth righter and to certaine others thwarter Angels through that diuers inclination vnto the Horizont which ensueth after the standing of it And the diuersitie of the inclination of it vnto the Horizont doth also cause a varietie in the motion For those doe slower arise which make right Angles with the Horizont and those are sooner drawne vp and appeare which doe cause thwart Angles In the thwart Sphere with that thwartnesse of the Sphere and the Angles which the Horizont and Zodiack performe is the thwartnesse encreased What the names are of this Circle _1 THis Cyrcle is named the Zodiacke of this Gréeke worde zoes that is in English Life in that it is the path or the comming and going of the sun which is called the author of life causer of generations as Aristotle writeth Or of the Gréeke name zódion which in English is the figures of Beastes with the which this cyrcle is imagined to be formed by the concourse of stars 2 This Cyrcle is named thwart or bowing in that it crosseth thwartly the Equinoctiall and first moouer and doth appeare thwart in respect of the Poles of the worlde from which it is not equally distant Or for that it maketh not right but thwart Angles with the Equinoctiall and Colures or Tropickes Or for that it doeth not regularly ascend and discend according to his partes like as the Equinoctiall doth but that certaine parts or signes of the same doe righter and slower and certaine thwarter and swifter arise in either Sphere But the Zodiacke is not named thwart compared vnto the proper Poles séeing from them it is equidistant according to each parte as the Equinoctiall from the Poles of the world Yet compared vnto the Poles of the world in that the