therefore_o subject_a to_o the_o overflow_a of_o arno_n whereof_o it_o have_v taste_v this_o present_a winter_n to_o the_o country_n great_a loss_n that_o of_o lucca_n environ_v with_o hill_n and_o the_o city_n in_o the_o midst_n like_o a_o centre_n in_o a_o circle_n that_o of_o carsigniana_n under_o the_o dukedom_n of_o ferrara_n and_o last_o the_o plain_n of_o maremma_n in_o the_o state_n of_o sienna_n the_o most_o large_a and_o whither_o for_o the_o winter_v of_o their_o cattle_n they_o be_v send_v in_o october_n from_o the_o mountain_n it_o have_v the_o name_n of_o mare_n the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o we_o â—ay_v well_o english_a it_o the_o marsh_n of_o sienna_n it_o run_v along_o the_o sea-coast_n almost_o seventy_o mile_n in_o length_n between_o the_o two_o rivers_n gornia_n and_o pesua_n not_o much_o inhabit_v with_o people_n through_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o air_n the_o port_n be_v civita_n vecchia_n in_o the_o pope_n state_n port_n for_o ottia_n be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o tiber_n orbitello_n port-ercole_a telamone_n castiglione_n in_o the_o maremma_n howbeit_o under_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n as_o be_v also_o the_o monte_fw-fr argentaro_n and_o the_o port_n of_o piombine_v the_o only_a porte_fw-fr of_o worth_a under_o the_o great_a duke_n state_n be_v that_o of_o livorne_n capable_a of_o any_o fleet_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v call_v a_o road_n then_o a_o harbour_n ligorno_n and_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o this_o sea_n neither_o eb_v nor_o flow_v here_o his_o highness_n daily_o build_v mean_v to_o make_v it_o a_o city_n the_o wall_n and_o fortification_n be_v almost_o finish_v it_o be_v in_o form_n six_o square_a in_o circuit_n a_o mile_n three_o quarter_n the_o length_n of_o the_o curtain_n be_v two_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o pace_n the_o face_n of_o the_o bulwark_n be_v one_o hundred_o thirty_o and_o eight_o from_o the_o spur_n which_o be_v fifteen_o pace_n thick_a to_o the_o flanker_n which_o be_v so_o many_o broad_a be_v eighteen_o pace_n the_o diameter_n of_o the_o piazza_n be_v four_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o this_o proportion_n no_o doubt_n swerve_v from_o the_o strict_a rule_n of_o fortification_n neither_o can_v i_o warrant_v the_o relation_n true_a by_o the_o line_n i_o be_v force_v to_o pass_v it_o in_o haste_n and_o sanquam_fw-la aliud_fw-la agens_fw-la to_o avoid_v all_o jealousy_n whereof_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o advertise_v the_o curious_a reader_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o envious_a detractor_n here_o be_v bestow_v great_a cost_n be_v indeed_o the_o only_a key_n by_o which_o all_o commodity_n be_v transport_v and_o bring_v in_o not_o only_o for_o the_o use_n of_o tuscany_n but_o even_o for_o the_o most_o place_n of_o italy_n so_o that_o it_o bring_v in_o a_o very_a great_a enrate_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n coaffer_n as_o i_o must_v more_o particular_o and_o more_o fit_o advertise_v hereafter_o the_o prince_n and_o state_n interest_v in_o tuscany_n be_v these_o the_o pope_n tuscany_n who_o possess_v all_o from_o tiber_n to_o fiore_fw-la and_o so_o right_o up_o from_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o apennine_a which_o be_v some_o four_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o spanish_a king_n have_v the_o coast_n of_o maremma_n and_o the_o port_n thereof_o as_o be_v above_o say_v wherein_o he_o keep_v garrison_n beside_o pontremoly_a and_o one_o other_o fort_n or_o two_o on_o the_o side_n of_o liguria_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ferrara_n have_v the_o valley_n of_o carsigniana_n the_o state_n of_o genoa_n serezzana_n the_o state_n of_o lucca_n have_v all_o her_o possession_n herein_o the_o duke_n of_o vâ—bâ—â—_n parma_n and_o bravianâ—_n have_v also_o each_o of_o they_o a_o piece_n howbeit_o most_o of_o this_o be_v in_o the_o church_n part_n which_o be_v call_v the_o patrimony_n of_o saint_n peter_n there_o be_v also_o the_o signior_n di_fw-mi pcombiâ—e_n the_o marquesse_n di_fw-mi massa_n and_o other_o inferior_a prince_n interest_v in_o this_o country_n of_o a_o other_o four_o part_n so_o that_o there_o remain_v a_o moiety_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n government_n whereof_o i_o have_v undertake_v to_o give_v this_o superficial_a survey_n which_o follow_v this_o state_n state_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v enclose_v with_o the_o mountain_n as_o with_o a_o wall_n on_o three-side_n and_o with_o the_o sea_n on_o the_o four_o and_o so_o consequent_o by_o situation_n pass_v strong_a it_o have_v also_o many_o castle_n and_o fortress_n as_o rodicofany_n monte-falcon_n pelegrine_n castle_n charole_fw-fr sansubastians_n lusignano_n monterisine_n empoli_n castrecaro_n saffa_n and_o diverse_a other_o to_o the_o number_n of_o thirty_o wherein_o be_v garrison_n more_o or_o less_o but_o of_o other_o which_o stand_v rather_o to_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o fortification_n in_o elder_a age_n and_o the_o force_n of_o time_n by_o which_o they_o be_v ruin_v then_o for_o any_o use_n of_o the_o time_n present_a there_o be_v above_o three_o hundred_o by_o which_o number_n may_v very_o probable_o be_v conjecture_v their_o many_o and_o diverse_a state_n in_o this_o small_a circuit_n in_o former_a time_n for_o as_o it_o appear_v by_o history_n not_o only_a florence_n sienna_n and_o pisa_n which_o of_o late_a year_n be_v reduce_v into_o one_o government_n but_o also_o pistoia_n arezzo_n volterra_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o city_n now_o under_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v every_o one_o their_o several_a and_o distinct_a state_n whereupon_o it_o be_v necessary_a each_o state_n shall_v have_v her_o castle_n and_o fort_n to_o affront_v those_o that_o confine_v upon_o they_o as_o for_o those_o former_a wherein_o be_v garrison_n the_o most_o of_o they_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o man_n experience_v have_v their_o defect_n either_o in_o their_o form_n and_o manner_n of_o fortification_n which_o be_v all'_fw-it antica_fw-la or_o in_o their_o piazza_n which_o be_v very_o little_a and_o so_o think_v uncapale_a of_o sufficient_a number_n to_o defend_v they_o but_o beside_o these_o he_o have_v in_o each_o city_n a_o citadel_n and_o therein_o a_o garrison_n which_o be_v all_o very_a modern_a and_o strong_a the_o use_n of_o which_o piece_n be_v not_o so_o much_o for_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n where_o they_o be_v as_o to_o keep_v in_o awful_a term_n the_o city_n themselves_o as_o by_o the_o citadel_n at_o florence_n and_o fortress_n of_o see_z appear_z of_o city_n there_o be_v sixteen_o city_n the_o one_o half_a in_o the_o state_n of_o florence_n the_o other_o in_o that_o of_o sienna_n of_o the_o fonner_fw-fr state_n these_o be_v the_o name_n florence_n whereof_o be_v a_o archbishopric_n his_o name_n that_o now_o be_v alexander_n medici_n pisa_n a_o archbishopric_n also_o his_o name_n carolus_n antonius_n â—uteus_fw-la pistoia_n arezzo_n volterra_n certuâ—iâ—_n burgo_n san_fw-it sepolchro_n and_o monte_fw-fr pulciano_n of_o the_o other_o state_n be_v these_o sienna_n a_o archbishopric_n his_o name_n ascanius_n piceothuomineus_fw-la motalcino_n grossetto_n chiusi_n soana_n pienza_n massa_n and_o celle_n christen_v a_o city_n five_o year_n since_o many_o of_o these_o i_o see_v not_o and_o therefore_o presume_v not_o to_o speak_v of_o at_o large_a in_o the_o four_o chief_a florence_n pisa_n sienna_n and_o pistoia_n i_o spend_v some_o time_n and_o hold_v they_o worthy_a of_o some_o little_a remembrance_n in_o this_o discourse_n before_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o general_a part_n of_o this_o state_n florence_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a valley_n florence_n and_o environ_v with_o high_a mountain_n especial_o towards_o bologna_n it_o have_v the_o street_n very_o long_o straight_o large_a and_o fair_a pave_v with_o a_o broad_a stone_n which_o they_o call_v lastra_n so_o as_o no_o weather_n make_v they_o foul_a it_o be_v beautify_v with_o many_o stately_a palace_n which_o have_v more_o del_o real_a then_o del_o cittadinesco_n as_o that_o of_o the_o signora_n that_o of_o the_o pitti_n where_o be_v always_o the_o great_a duke_n court_n that_o of_o the_o medici_n that_o of_o the_o strozzi_n and_o many_o other_o it_o be_v grace_v with_o many_o large_a piazzeâ—_n and_o in_o they_o many_o statue_n some_o of_o brass_n as_o that_o of_o cosme_n the_o first_o great_a duke_n and_o other_o very_o many_o and_o very_o curious_a some_o of_o marble_n some_o of_o alabaster_n it_o be_v divide_v with_o the_o river_n arno_n and_o upon_o this_o four_o fair_a bridge_n of_o stone_n to_o pass_v from_o one_o part_n of_o the_o city_n to_o the_o other_o it_o be_v adorn_v with_o many_o fair_a monastery_n and_o church_n but_o above_o all_o with_o the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o admirable_a fabric_n of_o the_o duome_n the_o workmanship_n of_o that_o excellent_a architeck_n brunelleschi_n dedicate_v to_o santa_n maria_n del_fw-it â—iore_fw-it and_o be_v they_o say_v the_o true_a model_n of_o the_o church_n of_o santa_n sofia_n in_o constantinople_n the_o body_n of_o this_o
by_o the_o square_n as_o for_o the_o city_n itself_o it_o be_v the_o great_a half_n void_v wherein_o be_v nothing_o but_o garden_n of_o herb_n and_o root_n the_o house_n that_o there_o be_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o old_a and_o ruinous_a as_o that_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v late_o give_v commandment_n that_o every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o ability_n shall_v either_o build_v new_a or_o at_o the_o least_o repair_n and_o trim_v they_o on_o the_o outside_n for_o the_o better_a grace_n of_o the_o town_n so_o unlike_a be_v pisa_n to_o itself_o which_o in_o former_a time_n be_v able_a to_o wage_v battle_n at_o land_n with_o the_o florentine_n at_o sea_n with_o the_o genoese_a yea_o and_o with_o venice_n also_o and_o before_o that_o to_o conquer_v sardigna_fw-es to_o overcome_v the_o king_n of_o carthage_n and_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n to_o rome_n to_o recover_v palermo_n in_o sicilia_n from_o the_o saracen_n to_o assist_v the_o french_a with_o a_o mighty_a navy_n in_o their_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n to_o send_v forty_o ship_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o alexandria_n for_o almerick_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n to_o aid_v th'emperour_n frederick_n barbarossa_n against_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n beside_o many_o other_o their_o famous_a and_o victorious_a conquest_n whereupon_o one_o say_v erat_fw-la pisa_n altera_fw-la roma_fw-la fuimâ—â—_n troes_n fâ—â—_n ilium_n nunc_fw-la seges_fw-la ubi_fw-la trola_fw-it fuit_fw-la to_o speak_v of_o the_o diverse_a goverment_n of_o this_o town_n and_o the_o many_o alteration_n it_o have_v suffer_v be_v a_o discourse_n though_o not_o altogether_o needless_a or_o impertinent_a yet_o so_o large_a or_o rather_o tedious_a as_o will_v be_v altogether_o disproportionate_a to_o my_o former_a brevity_n i_o will_v leave_v it_o therefore_o altogether_o untouched_a and_o go_v forward_o my_o journey_n to_o sienna_n this_o city_n challenge_v the_o title_n of_o much_o antiquity_n sienna_n be_v build_v by_o sanesius_fw-la the_o son_n of_o remus_n romulus_n his_o brother_n which_o may_v seem_v to_o carry_v some_o matter_n of_o truth_n for_o that_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o city_n be_v a_o wolf_n with_o two_o infant_n suck_v upon_o she_o which_o arm_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o town_n both_o in_o marble_n and_o mettle_n it_o be_v call_v by_o pliny_n colonia_n senensis_n and_o by_o tacitus_n in_o the_o 20._o book_n of_o his_o history_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v build_v by_o sanesius_fw-la or_o the_o galli_n senones_n that_o go_v with_o brennus_n into_o italy_n i_o leave_v indifferent_a to_o the_o reader_n this_o last_o be_v allege_v out_o of_o ptolemy_n fable_n though_o i_o rather_o subscribe_v to_o the_o former_a it_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o top_n of_o diverse_a small_a hill_n very_o near_o meet_v together_o which_o with_o their_o declining_n make_v the_o situation_n very_o uneven_a and_o such_o as_o i_o have_v not_o elsewhere_o see_v by_o reason_n whereof_o it_o be_v judge_v infinite_o strong_a as_o not_o have_v any_o command_a hill_n near_o whereby_o it_o may_v be_v prejudice_v nor_o any_o way_n by_o which_o force_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o it_o save_v only_o at_o the_o two_o gate_n towards_o rome_n and_o florence_n &_o yet_o there_o so_o narrow_a as_o there_o can_v possible_o come_v above_o ten_o soldier_n alla_fw-fr filata_fw-la in_o rank_n so_o that_o as_o livorno_n be_v the_o key_n by_o which_o all_o force_n must_v pass_v that_o by_o sea_n will_v approach_v florence_n so_o be_v sienna_n the_o porte_fw-fr or_o gate_n by_o which_o they_o must_v enter_v that_o either_o from_o naples_n or_o the_o church_n state_n will_v come_v to_o annoy_v it_o for_o from_o the_o way_n of_o romagna_n or_o bologna_n there_o be_v very_o hard_a passage_n for_o a_o army_n so_o sharp_a and_o inaccessible_a be_v the_o mountain_n which_o be_v well_o consider_v by_o cosmo_n than_o duke_n of_o florence_n no_o marvel_n though_o he_o never_o rest_v till_o he_o have_v get_v the_o town_n and_o whole_a state_n of_o sienna_n into_o his_o hand_n the_o mean_n thus_o the_o city_n about_o forty_o five_o year_n since_o be_v besiege_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o pope_n charles_n the_o five_o and_o cosmo_n duke_n of_o florence_n render_v itself_o at_o length_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o receive_v a_o garrison_n of_o spaniard_n but_o keep_v still_o their_o manner_n of_o government_n which_o they_o before_o use_v the_o emperor_n by_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o d._n d'alua_fw-la in_o who_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n his_o purse_n they_o say_v have_v get_v he_o great_a interest_n be_v content_a to_o render_v it_o into_o the_o duke_n of_o florence_n his_o possession_n for_o certain_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v beside_o a_o yearly_a rent_n with_o a_o recognition_n that_o it_o be_v hold_v of_o he_o and_o certain_a other_o covenant_n which_o some_o say_v be_v never_o perform_v as_o also_o that_o this_o contract_n be_v make_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n that_o now_o be_v whereof_o be_v not_o his_o hand_n full_a of_o action_n in_o other_o place_n it_o be_v think_v some_o stir_n may_v arise_v so_o that_o cosmo_n de'_fw-it medici_n the_o second_o duke_n of_o florence_n unite_v that_o state_n with_o this_o of_o sienna_n which_o be_v by_o estimation_n big_a than_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o most_o fruitful_a part_n of_o all_o tuscany_n whereupon_o he_o alter_v his_o style_n which_o before_o be_v dux_n florentiae_fw-la and_o entitle_v himself_o dux_n florentiae_fw-la &_o senarum_fw-la the_o ornament_n of_o special_a note_n in_o this_o town_n be_v three_o the_o first_o be_v the_o duomo_n no_o great_a but_o a_o fair_a and_o rich_a fabric_n all_o the_o outside_n of_o marble_n so_o be_v the_o pavement_n the_o roof_n guilt_n &_o at_o the_o foot_n thereof_o be_v very_o curious_o cut_v in_o stone_n and_o guild_a also_o all_o the_o pope_n from_o the_o first_o till_o within_o these_o eighty_o year_n the_o second_o be_v the_o cittern_n a_o place_n whereout_o of_o the_o rock_n flow_v abundance_n of_o water_n and_o have_v their_o cittern_n and_o pool_n very_o well_o cut_v of_o stone_n to_o receive_v the_o same_o the_o last_o be_v the_o piazza_n one_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o pace_n in_o length_n and_o one_o hundred_o and_o ten_o in_o breadth_n vety_n steepe_o descend_v at_o the_o head_n hereof_o be_v a_o very_a fair_a fountain_n and_o at_o the_o foot_n be_v the_o palace_n of_o the_o signoria_n round_o about_o it_o be_v very_o fair_a and_o high_a house_n i_o have_v not_o see_v a_o market-steede_n except_v that_o of_o sancto_n marco_n in_o venice_n so_o beautiful_a the_o fair_a palace_n of_o this_o city_n not_o except_v the_o great_a duke_n be_v that_o of_o the_o piccol_n huomini_fw-la begin_v by_o pius_fw-la secundus_fw-la and_o end_v by_o pius_fw-la tertius_fw-la both_o of_o this_o family_n which_o need_v not_o much_o envy_n the_o most_o stately_a of_o those_o in_o florence_n the_o wall_n of_o this_o city_n as_o also_o the_o house_n and_o street_n be_v all_o of_o brick_n they_o have_v here_o they_o say_v the_o arm_n of_o s._n john_n baptist_n baptist._n which_o they_o very_o religious_o and_o with_o much_o reverence_n hold_v as_o a_o relic_n it_o be_v send_v by_o the_o turk_n to_o aeneas_n siluim_n piccol_n huomini_fw-la be_v pope_n by_o the_o name_n of_o pius_fw-la secundus_fw-la in_o lieu_n whereof_o this_o pope_n send_v he_o the_o half_a moon_n for_o a_o crest_n there_o be_v a_o fortress_n at_o the_o northwest_n of_o this_o town_n fortress_n repute_v strong_a howbeit_o the_o form_n be_v quadrangular_a and_o therefore_o the_o angle_n not_o so_o obtuse_a as_o in_o those_o of_o five_o or_o more_o it_o be_v judge_v of_o modern_a engineer_n as_o namely_o of_o maggi_n a_o late_a italian_a writer_n in_o the_o subject_n of_o fortification_n not_o to_o answer_v the_o reputation_n it_o hathâ—n_o general_a the_o artillery_n herein_o they_o say_v artillery_n for_o we_o may_v not_o enter_v it_o much_o and_o good_a the_o garrison_n but_o five_o and_o twenty_o at_o this_o present_a the_o end_n be_v to_o command_v the_o town_n upon_o any_o occasion_n this_o city_n like_o that_o of_o pisa_n decay_v be_v note_v to_o be_v much_o decay_a since_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o family_n medici_n there_o not_o be_v now_o above_o two_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o person_n where_o in_o time_n past_a be_v always_o above_o fifty_o gentry_n the_o gentleman_n of_o this_o city_n be_v note_v to_o be_v general_o more_o civil_a affable_a &_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n than_o they_o be_v in_o other_o place_n live_v they_o live_v altogether_o upon_o their_o revenue_n without_o exercise_v any_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n or_o exchange_n upon_o the_o bank_n which_o course_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o florence_n and_o pisa_n even_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n himself_o
and_o king_n of_o arragon_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederation_n with_o the_o florentine_n and_o to_o re-inu_a they_o of_o pisa_n infer_v that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o french_a force_n may_v be_v divert_v which_o otherwise_o with_o the_o help_n of_o this_o state_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o italy_n might_n effect_n matter_n of_o prejudicial_a consequent_a to_o all_o three_o so_o fit_o stand_v it_o either_o to_o dispeople_v the_o enemy_n force_n or_o to_o reinforce_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o guiccardine_n very_o judicial_o determine_v that_o it_o be_v a_o powerful_a estate_n rather_o per_fw-la l'opportunità _fw-la del_fw-it cito_fw-la che_fw-it per_fw-la la_fw-it grandezza_fw-it del_fw-it dominio_fw-la by_o the_o fitness_n of_o the_o situation_n then_o by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o dominion_n but_o if_o we_o define_v the_o midst_n of_o italy_n in_o a_o arithmetical_a proportion_n that_o be_v the_o centre_n equal_o distant_a from_o both_o extreme_n it_o will_v appear_v to_o be_v true_a which_o pliny_n and_o varro_n report_n confirm_v also_o by_o leander_n albertâ—_n concern_v lago_n di_fw-fr pâ—e_fw-fr del_fw-it luco_fw-la which_o taciâ—us_o in_o his_o first_o book_n call_v lacus_n velnius_fw-la in_o sabina_n which_o they_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o midst_n of_o italy_n concern_v the_o river_n of_o worth_n there_o be_v few_o river_n of_o name_n many_o for_o the_o italian_a have_v a_o name_n for_o every_o ditch_n whereof_o if_o we_o allow_v they_o not_o tiber_n arno_n be_v their_o chief_n this_o river_n be_v so_o name_v by_o hercule_n lybicus_n who_o surname_n be_v libarno_n that_o be_v the_o lion_n of_o lybia_n and_o musarno_n that_o be_v the_o learned_a and_o valiant_a for_o be_v in_o the_o arabian_a tongue_n signify_v a_o lyon_n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o osiris_n and_o isis_n call_v jupiter_n and_o juno_n by_o the_o greek_n and_o grandchild_n of_o janus_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n ogyger_n and_o by_o the_o chaldean_n and_o hebrew_n noah_n whereupon_o stand_v the_o city_n of_o florence_n and_o pisa_n serchio_n which_o run_v by_o lucca_n ombrone_n by_o pistoia_n bisentio_fw-la by_o prato_n chiana_n which_o pass_v by_o the_o vale_n of_o arezzo_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o arno_n mognâ—ne_n which_o run_v near_o civita_fw-la vecchia_fw-mi into_o the_o sea_n fiero_n which_o devide_v the_o great_a duke_n state_n and_o the_o pope_n towards_o the_o tuscan_a sea_n &_o paglia_n which_o divide_v those_o two_o state_n towards_o the_o apennine_n over_o which_o we_o pass_v by_o a_o bridge_n build_v by_o gregory_n the_o 13._o in_o our_o journey_n from_o florence_n to_o rome_n between_o rodicofany_n and_o aquapendente_fw-la that_o belong_v to_o the_o great_a duke_n this_o to_o the_o pope_n true_a it_o be_v that_o guicciardini_n in_o the_o 4._o book_n of_o his_o history_n and_o namely_o in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o book_n which_o by_o order_n of_o th'inquisition_n be_v leave_v out_o of_o all_o allow_v copy_n because_o in_o this_o place_n though_o himself_o be_v the_o pope_n creature_n and_o have_v great_a charge_n under_o he_o yet_o he_o full_o learned_o and_o true_o show_v how_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o by_o bad_a mean_n the_o church_n grow_v to_o her_o greatness_n how_o she_o come_v not_o only_o to_o quit_v her_o obedience_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o to_o have_v also_o a_o power_n and_o stroke_n in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o emperor_n himself_o not_o only_o to_o make_v the_o pope_n governor_n of_o rome_n but_o to_o encroach_v also_o upon_o the_o territory_n and_o city_n of_o romagna_n the_o marquisate_n of_o ancina_fw-la the_o duchy_n of_o spoletum_n and_o beneventum_n the_o superiority_n over_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o the_o possession_n of_o that_o part_n of_o tuscany_n now_o call_v the_o patrimony_n of_o s._n peter_n he_o i_o say_v divide_v the_o pope_n state_n in_o this_o country_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o tuscany_n thus_o eterminata_n dal_a torrente_n di_fw-mi pescia_n &_o dal_n castello_n di_fw-it san_n luirico_fw-la nel_fw-it conâ—ado_fw-it di_fw-it sienna_n da_fw-mi una_fw-la banda_fw-la &_o dall_n altra_fw-la dal_n mare_fw-la di_fw-it sotto_fw-it &_o dal_a fuime_n di_fw-mi tevere_a that_o be_v it_o be_v limit_v on_o the_o one_o side_n with_o the_o river_n pescia_n and_o the_o castle_n saint_n luirick_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o sienna_n and_o on_o the_o other_o with_o the_o river_n tiber_n and_o the_o tyrrhene_a sea_n but_o i_o rather_o tie_v myself_o to_o the_o former_a limit_n for_o that_o the_o paglia_n be_v far_o beyond_o saint_n luirick_n whether_o the_o great_a duke_n state_n now_o reach_v there_o be_v also_o câ—cina_n which_o rise_v a_o little_a above_o the_o city_n of_o massa_n and_o so_o pass_v along_o the_o country_n of_o volterra_n full_v into_o the_o sea_n with_o many_o such_o other_o which_o in_o england_n we_o rather_o call_v brook_n or_o riveret_n for_o of_o all_o these_o there_o be_v few_o sit_v either_o for_o burden_n or_o boat_n in_o summer_n except_o the_o arno_n yet_o here_o often_o time_n scarce_o water_n for_o a_o mill_n as_o by_o their_o device_n at_o florence_n to_o pen_n it_o up_o appear_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n of_o this_o state_n be_v so_o small_a be_v two_o the_o former_a be_v the_o violence_n of_o their_o downfall_n from_o the_o hill_n the_o better_a be_v because_o their_o head_n be_v so_o near_o to_o the_o sea_n as_o they_o can_v have_v space_n to_o be_v enlarge_v by_o the_o receipt_n of_o other_o lesser_a brook_n by_o which_o mean_v only_o all_o river_n grow_v great_a as_o namely_o the_o rhine_n and_o danowe_v whereof_o this_o last_o have_v from_o his_o head_n which_o be_v in_o the_o forest_n nera_fw-mi to_o the_o mare_n maggiore_n where_o he_o pay_v his_o tribute_n above_o two_o thousand_o mile_n and_o receive_v into_o his_o bed_n by_o the_o way_n three_o score_n navigable_a river_n the_o lake_n in_o this_o state_n be_v neither_o many_o nor_o great_a nothing_o so_o fair_a or_o fruitful_a as_o those_o of_o lombardy_n namely_o lago_n di_fw-fr garda_n lake_n lago_n d_o iseâ—_n lago_n d_o como_n and_o lago_n maggiore_n the_o chief_a in_o tuscany_n be_v these_o lago_n di_fw-fr trasimenâ—_n under_o the_o pope_n who_o let_v it_o out_o to_o diverse_a farmer_n for_o ten_o thousand_o ducat_n the_o year_n which_o have_v the_o fish_n whereof_o it_o be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o yield_v they_o also_o no_o little_a gain_n the_o profit_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n raise_v by_o the_o lake_n of_o comacchiâ—_n who_o they_o say_v in_o venice_n make_v thereof_o yearly_a fourscore_o thousand_o ducat_n make_v this_o more_o probable_a but_o this_o lake_n of_o trasimene_n now_o call_v lago_n di_fw-it perugia_n be_v much_o more_o renown_a for_o the_o notable_a overthrow_n give_v there_o by_o hannibal_n to_o the_o roman_n near_o whereunto_o be_v that_o fair_a plain_a call_v ossaia_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o dead_a there_o slay_v by_o the_o rashness_n of_o c._n flaminius_n the_o consul_n as_o polybius_n in_o his_o three_o book_n liny_n in_o his_o two_o and_o twenty_o and_o plutarcke_o in_o the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n avow_v the_o other_o memorable_a blow_n give_v they_o if_o it_o be_v not_o here_o impertinent_a to_o remember_v be_v that_o at_o can_n in_o puglia_n call_v by_o liuâ—e_fw-fr in_o his_o twenty_o and_o one_o book_n caâ—nusium_n where_o be_v slay_v p._n emilius_n the_o consul_n l_o acilius_n and_o l_o furuis_fw-la bibaâ—ulus_n the_o quaestor_n one_o and_o twenty_o tribune_n of_o soldier_n fourscore_o senator_n forty_o thousand_o foot_n two_o thousand_o and_o seven_o hundred_o horse_n all_o roman_n and_o as_o many_o anuiliaries_n as_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n and_o scipio_n and_o solinus_n italicus_n in_o his_o nine_o book_n confess_v there_o be_v diverse_a lake_n between_o pisa_n and_o livorne_n but_o small_a and_o of_o no_o name_n there_o be_v more_o not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n colle_n laego_fw-it di_fw-it bolsena_n call_v by_o ancient_a writer_n lacus_n vulsiniensium_fw-la lâ—go_fw-la di_fw-it bassanello_n ancient_o call_v lacus_n vadeâ—onius_n where_o the_o roman_n utter_o subdue_v the_o tuscan_n lago_n di_fw-fr bracciane_n call_v former_o lacus_n sabbatinus_fw-la lago_n di_fw-it vicco_fw-it call_v by_o virgil_n in_o his_o seven_o aenead_n and_o siluius_n italicus_n in_o his_o eight_o book_n lâ—cus_n cimini_n of_o the_o mountain_n so_o call_v stand_v between_o this_o lake_n and_o the_o city_n of_o viterbo_n lago_n di_fw-fr montâ—_n rosa_n not_o large_a but_o deep_a near_o rome_n with_o few_o other_o the_o plain_n be_v also_o few_o for_o they_o before_o be_v allow_v but_o one_o four_o part_n the_o chief_a be_v these_o plain_n that_o of_o florence_n wherein_o live_v above_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n that_o near_o arezzo_n call_v vald_z '_o arno_n because_o the_o river_n pass_v by_o it_o the_o most_o fruitful_a that_o of_o pisa_n the_o most_o low_a and_o
church_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o cupula_fw-la be_v one_o hundred_o pace_n the_o breadth_n forty_o six_o the_o cupula_fw-la be_v in_o circute_v three_o hundred_o pace_n with_o a_o guilt_n ball_n of_o brass_n on_o the_o top_n wherein_o twenty_o man_n may_v stand_v upright_o of_o the_o church_n of_o san_n lorenzo_n be_v a_o very_a fair_a and_o beautiful_a library_n build_v and_o furnish_v with_o book_n by_o the_o family_n of_o medici_n the_o roof_n be_v of_o cedar_n very_o curious_o wrought_v with_o knot_n and_o flower_n and_o right_a under_o each_o knot_n be_v the_o same_o wrought_v with_o no_o less_o art_n in_o the_o pavement_n in_o this_o library_n i_o tell_v three_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o book_n very_o fair_o bind_v in_o leather_n after_o one_o sort_n all_o bind_v to_o their_o seat_n which_o be_v in_o number_n sixty_o eight_o and_o which_o be_v the_o great_a grace_n and_o cost_v also_o very_o many_o of_o the_o book_n be_v write_v with_o the_o author_n own_o hand_n there_o be_v also_o â—t_z the_o far_a end_n of_o this_o library_n one_o other_o of_o prohibit_v book_n which_o i_o can_v not_o see_v the_o great_a seal_n of_o florence_n be_v the_o lion_n and_o hercules_n their_o arm_n be_v in_o former_a time_n a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lise_n argent_a in_o a_o field_n gules_a but_o upon_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o ghibelline_a faction_n they_o be_v alter_v to_o the_o contrary_a the_o field_n to_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o flower_n and_o the_o flower_n to_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o field_n within_o these_o hundred_o year_n have_v be_v of_o this_o city_n three_o pope_n john_n and_o â—â—lius_fw-la medici_n lâ—â—_n the_o ten_o and_o clement_n the_o seven_o and_o hippolisus_fw-la aldebrandivi_fw-la call_v clement_n the_o eight_o that_o yet_o live_v here_o have_v also_o flourish_v many_o famous_a man_n in_o matter_n of_o learning_n as_o francisco_n guicciardini_n for_o a_o judicial_a historiographer_n nicolas_n machianelli_n for_o a_o worldly_a politician_n michael_n angelo_n for_o a_o excellent_a painter_n petrache_n and_o dante_n for_o singular_a poet_n and_o boccace_n for_o his_o pleasant_a garb_n and_o refine_n their_o language_n and_o many_o other_o have_v gaze_v your_o fill_n upon_o the_o beauty_n of_o this_o town_n if_o for_o variety_n sake_n and_o your_o better_a recreation_n you_o will_v walk_v abroad_o into_o the_o villa_n per_fw-la spasso_fw-la as_o the_o italian_a say_v you_o shall_v have_v there_o in_o view_n so_o many_o and_o such_o goodly_a palace_n for_o the_o space_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o mile_n compass_n as_o they_o say_v will_v make_v one_o other_o florence_n but_o above_o all_o the_o great_a duke_n palace_n of_o pratolino_n build_v by_o his_o brother_n francisco_n be_v the_o most_o admirable_a not_o for_o the_o palace_n itself_o or_o manner_n of_o the_o build_n for_o there_o be_v many_o can_v match_v it_o if_o not_o excel_v it_o but_o for_o the_o exquisite_a and_o rare_a invention_n of_o water-work_n wherein_o it_o be_v excellent_a and_o think_v to_o exceed_v tivoli_n by_o rome_n so_o much_o in_o this_o kind_n commend_v the_o house_n itself_o be_v build_v in_o form_n of_o a_o roman_a t_n the_o head_n of_o the_o letter_n which_o be_v the_o front_n of_o the_o house_n be_v in_o length_n seventy_o pace_n &_o the_o other_o part_n fifty_o four_o the_o room_n for_o office_n of_o court_n and_o lodging_n be_v seventy_o whereof_o these_o be_v all_o of_o one_o bigness_n form_n and_o furniture_n with_o three_o goodly_a halles_n rich_o furnish_v run_v along_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o palace_n from_o the_o one_o end_n to_o the_o other_o and_o the_o one_o open_v into_o the_o other_o so_o as_o according_a to_o the_o wind_n or_o sun_n he_o may_v give_v his_o entertainment_n for_o the_o best_a ease_n of_o they_o he_o feast_v it_o be_v seat_v between_o two_o high_a hill_n upon_o a_o three_o low_o than_o they_o from_o which_o hill_n you_o descend_v some_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n by_o a_o way_n set_v with_o quickset_n &_o keep_v after_o our_o english_a fashion_n you_o mount_v up_o to_o the_o terreno_n of_o the_o front_n by_o twelve_o stair_n very_o fair_a of_o stone_n direct_o whereupon_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o garden_n set_v round_o with_o statue_n of_o the_o muse_n in_o a_o ground_n sensible_o ascend_v be_v see_v a_o huge_a giant_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o main_a rock_n with_o all_o his_o part_n as_o arm_n hand_n leg_n and_o foot_n symmetricall_a to_o his_o head_n wherein_o may_v stand_v a_o dozen_o man_n in_o it_o be_v keep_v pigeon_n the_o loover_n whereat_o they_o come_v in_o and_o out_o be_v his_o ear_n the_o window_n which_o give_v light_a to_o the_o room_n be_v his_o eye_n out_o of_o his_o mouth_n fall_v into_o a_o very_a fine_a pool_n all_o the_o water_n that_o serve_v the_o work_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o palace_n among_o which_o be_v many_o sight_n yield_v very_o great_a content_n as_o noes_n ark_n with_o all_o kind_n of_o beast_n hercules_n fight_v with_o a_o dragon_n bird_n artificial_o sing_v organ_n musical_o play_v shower_n of_o rain_n plentiful_o down_o pour_v and_o infinite_a sort_n of_o such_o devise_n more_o delightsome_a to_o be_v see_v then_o pleasant_a to_o be_v discourse_v of_o to_o conclude_v the_o devise_n so_o good_a the_o workmanship_n so_o rare_a and_o the_o charge_n so_o great_a as_o it_o be_v say_v constant_o that_o it_o cost_v duke_n francisco_n three_o hundred_o thousand_o crown_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n two_o mile_n from_o florence_n call_v castello_n only_o for_o pleasure_n but_o not_o so_o beautify_v nor_o full_a of_o water-work_n as_o this_o of_o pratolino_n a_o other_o distant_a 10._o mile_n off_o called_z il_fw-fr poggio_n imperiale_n more_o profitable_a than_o they_o both_o in_o form_n quadrangular_a fifty_o six_o pace_n square_a where_o beside_o the_o pleasure_n it_o yield_v of_o hunt_v it_o yield_v also_o summer_v and_o hay_n for_o his_o horse_n and_o keep_v the_o great_a duchess_n a_o dairy_n of_o three_o hundred_o cow_n a_o commodity_n worth_a the_o remember_n in_o this_o state_n where_o in_o threescore_o mile_n be_v not_o see_v threescore_o head_n of_o cattle_n nor_o so_o much_o good_a pasture_n ground_n that_o i_o see_v in_o the_o whole_a country_n i_o be_o now_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o the_o other_o chief_a city_n to_o remember_v in_o a_o word_n how_o and_o when_o the_o florentine_n come_v impatronize_v of_o diverse_a other_o state_n of_o tuscany_n and_o what_o form_n of_o government_n they_o have_v in_o former_a time_n until_o leo_n and_o clement_n for_o i_o must_v there_o needs_o begin_v when_o i_o shall_v come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o great_a duke_n title_n this_o city_n of_o florence_n after_o many_o conflict_n with_o the_o old_a city_n of_o fesulae_n whereof_o now_o almost_o remain_v no_o memory_n but_o the_o hill_n whereon_o it_o stand_v get_v the_o upper_a hand_n and_o many_o of_o that_o old_a town_n follow_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o winner_n come_v hither_o to_o dwell_v it_o grow_v to_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o a_o great_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o till_o then_o ever_o since_o the_o time_n of_o sylla_n by_o who_o they_o say_v it_o be_v first_o found_v and_o make_v a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n bear_v rather_o the_o name_n of_o a_o bourough_n then_o otherwise_o and_o after_o a_o combination_n of_o these_o two_o city_n into_o one_o commonalty_n they_o quarter_v the_o arm_n of_o fesulae_n which_o be_v a_o moon_n azure_a in_o a_o field_n argent_fw-fr with_o those_o of_o florence_n be_v a_o flower_n de_fw-fr lise_n argent_fw-fr in_fw-la a_o field_n gules_a it_o be_v afterward_o subject_a to_o diverse_a sacking_n and_o subversion_n by_o the_o goth_n gaul_n and_o lomgobards_n partake_v with_o other_o city_n of_o italy_n in_o those_o misery_n which_o these_o nation_n inflict_v insomuch_o as_o there_o be_v nothing_o remain_v of_o their_o ancient_a glory_n but_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n &_o what_o the_o barbarous_a cruelty_n of_o such_o a_o enemy_n can_v not_o tyranise_v upon_o in_o these_o term_n charles_n the_o great_a find_v it_o who_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v re-edify_v appoint_v for_o the_o government_n thereof_o two_o consul_n and_o a_o senate_n of_o a_o hundred_o after_o this_o they_o alter_v the_o government_n confer_v it_o upon_o ten_o call_v antiani_n alderman_n as_o i_o take_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1254._o short_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1287._o they_o win_v the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n 〈◊〉_d and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n they_o purchase_v their_o liberty_n of_o the_o emperor_n rodolphe_n for_o threescore_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o again_o change_v their_o form_n of_o government_n to_o eight_o priori_fw-la and_o a_o gonfalonier_n of_o justice_n who_o be_v to_o hold_v his_o place_n for_o 2._o month_n only_o present_o after_o they_o buy_v arezzo_n of_o
mastino_n della_fw-it sala_fw-mi for_o forty_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1471._o they_o win_v by_o force_n volterra_n one_o of_o the_o 12._o first_o city_n of_o tuscany_n and_o honour_v with_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o poet_n persius_n they_o get_v also_o pysa_n &_o the_o whole_a state_n thereof_o of_o who_o revolt_n and_o recovery_n what_o part_n take_v there_o be_v &_o what_o time_n be_v spend_v and_o how_o many_o million_o it_o cost_v they_o to_o be_v repossess_v thereof_o guicciardine_n very_o full_o discourse_v and_o be_v here_o too_o tedious_a to_o be_v particular_o relate_v the_o government_n of_o a_o gonfalonier_n be_v alter_v by_o gualteri_n francese_n duke_n of_o athens_n who_o at_o the_o city_n request_n require_v aid_n be_v send_v thither_o by_o robert_n king_n of_o sicily_n and_o at_o his_o first_o come_v depose_v the_o gonfalonier_n and_o priory_n &_o usurp_v himself_o but_o he_o be_v quick_o expulse_v and_o the_o former_a officer_n reinue_v till_o the_o time_n of_o pope_n alexander_n the_o six_o who_o son_n caesar_n borgia_n duke_n valentinois_n seek_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o three_o banish_a medici_n piero_n giovanni_n and_o guiliano_n whereupon_o the_o florentine_n make_v piero_n sederini_fw-la their_o gonfalonier_n perpetual_a as_o buonacorsi_n a_o approve_a italian_a writer_n &_o guicciardine_n in_o his_o fist_n book_n do_v testify_v these_o alteration_n have_v be_v since_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o city_n by_o charles_n which_o notwithstanding_o guicciardine_n lib._n 1._o car_n 17._o say_v be_v openions_a inneterata_fw-la bench_n falsa_fw-la che_fw-it carlo_n l'hauesse_fw-it reidificatâ—_n a_o old_a but_o false_a conjecture_n that_o charles_n do_v re-edify_v it_o beside_o those_o also_o which_o it_o suffer_v afterward_o which_o shall_v more_o fit_o be_v remember_v hereafter_o from_o florence_n i_o must_v pass_v to_o the_o city_n pistoia_n seat_v at_o the_o other_o end_n of_o this_o valley_n 20._o mile_n off_o but_o the_o castle_n of_o pratu_fw-la be_v in_o the_o way_n and_o command_v the_o passage_n i_o dare_v not_o but_o salute_v it_o the_o rather_o for_o that_o i_o spend_v four_o month_n in_o that_o town_n there_o be_v in_o italy_n among_o i_o know_v not_o how_o many_o thousand_o prato_n four_o principal_a castle_n above_o the_o rest_n repute_v as_o leander_n albert_n in_o his_o view_n of_o italy_n discourse_v barletta_n in_o puglia_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n fabriana_n in_o marca_n anconitana_n under_o the_o state_n of_o the_o church_n crema_fw-la in_o lombardia_fw-la under_o the_o venetian_n and_o prato_n in_o tuscana_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n it_o be_v here_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o these_o be_v call_v castle_n not_o that_o they_o be_v only_a fortress_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n but_o that_o they_o be_v large_a town_n fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o bulwark_n and_o have_v their_o territory_n they_o only_o want_v bishop_n sea_n wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o city_n it_o stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o valley_n upon_o the_o river_n bisentio_fw-la it_o be_v in_o form_n sex-angular_a at_o each_o corner_n a_o bulwark_n alla_fw-fr moderna_fw-la very_o defensible_a the_o wall_n in_o circuit_n two_o mile_n with_o a_o old_a piece_n at_o the_o east_n build_v they_o say_v by_o frederico_n barbarossa_n the_o contado_n the_o territory_n of_o this_o town_n be_v in_o length_n eight_o mile_n in_o breadth_n four_o in_o circuit_n four_o and_o twenty_o within_o which_o compass_n with_o those_o within_o the_o town_n be_v fifty_o nine_o church_n eight_o and_o thirty_o monastery_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n and_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o people_n sixteen_o thousand_o whereof_o two_o thousand_o be_v religious_a here_o be_v they_o say_v the_o girdle_n of_o our_o lady_n bring_v thither_o by_o a_o merchant_n from_o the_o indies_n whether_o it_o be_v first_o carry_v by_o s._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n a_o relic_n which_o they_o hold_v in_o high_a esteem_n keep_v with_o very_o great_a care_n come_v to_o see_v with_o great_a devotion_n and_o be_v show_v to_o the_o people_n with_o great_a reverence_n once_o in_o a_o year_n that_o be_v on_o our_o lady_n day_n in_o september_n in_o the_o time_n of_o their_o fair_a and_o when_o be_v most_o concourse_n of_o stranger_n there_o come_v that_o day_n in_o devotion_n to_o see_v i_o not_o the_o girdle_n two_o english_a gentleman_n my_o friend_n we_o observe_v if_o it_o be_v not_o impertinent_a here_o to_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v in_o view_n upon_o the_o market_n place_n of_o people_n at_o the_o show_v of_o this_o relic_n about_o eighteen_o or_o twenty_o thousand_o whereof_o we_o judge_v one_o half_a to_o have_v hat_n of_o straw_n and_o one_o four_o part_n to_o be_v bare_a legged_a that_o we_o know_v all_o be_v not_o gold_n in_o italy_n though_o many_o traveller_n gaze_v only_o on_o the_o beauty_n of_o their_o city_n and_o the_o paint_a surface_n of_o their_o house_n think_v it_o the_o only_a paradise_n of_o europe_n but_o if_o they_o will_v with_o i_o fordida_fw-la rura_fw-la atque_fw-la humiles_fw-la intrare_fw-la casas_fw-la &_o visere_fw-la gentem_fw-la they_o will_v sure_o grant_v that_o poverty_n and_o famine_n have_v not_o a_o great_a kingdom_n in_o those_o country_n where_o crassus_n starve_a his_o army_n than_o they_o have_v here_o but_o no_o marvel_n though_o prato_n be_v poor_a be_v so_o unlust_o and_o cruel_o sack_v in_o the_o year_n 1512._o â—468_n by_o the_o spaniard_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o raymondo_n cardona_n for_o want_v of_o pay_v which_o the_o florentine_n ought_v he_o and_o his_o soldier_n who_o most_o vile_o give_v the_o sack_n of_o this_o pretty_a and_o then_o rich_a town_n to_o the_o barbarous_a insolency_n of_o the_o proud_a spaniard_n and_o come_v themselves_o with_o bag_n of_o crown_n to_o purchase_v the_o land_n of_o the_o poor_a harmless_a pratesi_n wherewith_o they_o be_v force_v to_o redeem_v their_o liberty_n after_o the_o ravish_v of_o their_o wife_n kill_v of_o their_o child_n rob_v their_o shop_n and_o house_n and_o other_o such_o insolent_a outrage_n whereof_o guicciardine_n lib._n 11._o complain_v that_o from_o their_o avarice_n lust_n and_o cruelty_n nothing_o be_v safe_a and_o buonacorsi_n say_v that_o they_o spare_v neither_o virgin_n infant_n nor_o church_n &_o paulus_n jonius_n affirm_v that_o the_o spanish_a cruelty_n in_o this_o sack_n of_o prato_n do_v far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o dutch_a and_o french_a at_o the_o sack_n of_o brescia_n so_o much_o detest_v hence_o be_v it_o that_o at_o this_o day_n the_o name_n of_o spaniard_n be_v there_o most_o odious_a for_o among_o all_o other_o name_n of_o infamy_n and_o reproach_n when_o they_o have_v call_v one_o poltrone_n furfante_n manigoldo_fw-it traditore_fw-la and_o all_o that_o naught_o be_v they_o end_v always_o in_o this_o spagnaolo_fw-la intend_v it_o shall_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o worse_a name_n under_o the_o sun_n but_o leave_v they_o expostulate_v this_o injury_n of_o the_o florentine_n and_o bewail_v their_o own_o misery_n i_o will_v proceed_v to_o the_o city_n of_o pistoia_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o west_n end_n of_o the_o valley_n pistoia_n in_o circuit_n two_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a the_o wall_n old_a and_o weak_a build_v by_o desiderius_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n howbeit_o the_o bulwarkos_n be_v very_o modern_a and_o strong_a with_o a_o citadel_n build_v by_o duke_n francisco_n and_o man_v with_o a_o sufficient_a garrison_n to_o keep_v the_o town_n in_o awe_n this_o town_n be_v call_v of_o cato_n and_o pliny_n pistorium_n and_o of_o ptolomey_n pistoria_n quasi_fw-la pestoria_fw-la say_v one_o of_o the_o pestilence_n that_o there_o reign_v among_o the_o soldier_n which_o remain_v of_o catelines_n camp_n after_o he_o be_v overthrow_v who_o they_o say_v be_v the_o first_o builder_n thereof_o other_o will_v have_v it_o call_v of_o â—isis_n and_o ópos_fw-la that_o be_v the_o faithful_a territory_n other_o because_o it_o be_v the_o door_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o the_o word_n also_o signifietlâ—_n for_o from_o hence_o be_v away_o to_o pass_v through_o the_o apennine_n into_o frameâ—_n â—_z by_o which_o the_o french_a force_n pass_v into_o tuscany_n and_o so_o to_o naples_n in_o the_o time_n of_o charles_n the_o eight_o as_o by_o the_o history_n appear_v all_o which_o be_v either_o false_a conjecture_n and_o carry_v no_o correspondency_n of_o truth_n with_o history_n or_o at_o least_o be_v idle_a supposition_n and_o carry_v with_o they_o no_o matter_n of_o import_n for_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o the_o grecian_n shall_v give_v name_n to_o town_n in_o tuscany_n who_o never_o come_v over_o the_o river_n tener_n or_o that_o they_o shall_v christen_v this_o and_o no_o other_o or_o that_o a_o roman_a shall_v be_v the_o father_n and_o a_o greek_n the_o godfather_n but_o be_v it_o so_o it_o little_a import_v and_o therefore_o i_o have_v purposely_o
avoid_v these_o fruitless_a etimology_n else_o can_v i_o have_v say_v before_o that_o florence_n be_v call_v either_o fluentia_fw-la because_o it_o stand_v between_o the_o two_o water_n mognone_n and_o arno_n or_o fiorentia_n of_o fiore_fw-it a_o flower_n because_o it_o be_v the_o flower_n and_o beauty_n of_o italy_n or_o firenze_n which_o giambolare_fw-la one_o of_o their_o writer_n derive_v from_o a_o caldey_n word_n and_o signify_v he_o say_v a_o valiant_a soldier_n as_o who_o will_v say_v the_o florentine_n be_v such_o which_o i_o have_v not_o yet_o read_v and_o i_o be_o sure_a they_o of_o sienna_n will_v not_o confess_v who_o will_v not_o let_v to_o brag_v how_o often_o they_o have_v beat_v they_o in_o the_o field_n indeed_o i_o well_o remember_v that_o writer_n give_v they_o the_o attribute_n of_o ingenious_a and_o wise_a as_o nam_o macciavel_o in_o his_o florentine_a history_n and_o guicciardine_n in_o the_o very_a beginning_n of_o his_o book_n cart._n 2._o howbeit_o i_o can_v easy_o condescend_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o imbalt_n a_o french_a commander_n who_o upon_o good_a experience_n guicciardine_n lib._n 5._o cart_n 144._o non_fw-fr saptua_fw-mi dove_n consistesse_n lingegne_n tantu_fw-la celebratu_fw-la de_fw-fr fiorentini_n can_v not_o find_v where_o that_o great_a wit_n of_o they_o lie_v so_o likewise_o these_o word-founder_n will_v have_v their_o city_n arezzo_n to_o be_v so_o old_a as_o that_o it_o be_v build_v when_o for_o want_v of_o a_o fit_a name_n they_o be_v fain_o to_o call_v it_o earth_n for_o so_o in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n it_o signify_v but_o see_v that_o tully_n and_o varro_n call_v it_o aretium_n and_o not_o arezium_fw-la i_o think_v they_o may_v better_v derine_n it_o from_o mars_n which_o the_o word_n well_o bear_v for_o i_o be_o well_o assure_v that_o history_n make_v the_o arrettines_n and_o their_o neighbour_n the_o perugian_o far_o better_a soldier_n than_o the_o florentine_n but_o i_o will_v not_o over-charge_v this_o short_a discourse_n with_o derivation_n i_o have_v rather_o leave_v they_o with_o the_o capricious_a antiquary_n of_o tuscany_n and_o return_v to_o pistoia_n say_v that_o though_o it_o be_v very_o little_a it_o be_v very_o rich_a as_o have_v a_o contado_n full_a of_o oil_n and_o wine_n insomuch_o as_o it_o be_v say_v they_o press_v yearly_a one_o hundred_o thousand_o barrel_n of_o wine_n whereof_o they_o send_v the_o one_o half_a to_o florence_n of_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v gabell_n a_o custom_n one_o guilio_n sixpence_n sterling_a for_o every_o barrel_n at_o the_o entery_n into_o every_o city_n gate_n beside_o the_o ten_o levy_v upon_o it_o before_o and_o a_o imposition_n after_o upon_o every_o tavern_n as_o shall_v more_o fit_o in_o the_o discourse_n of_o his_o entrate_n be_v advertise_v this_o town_n be_v famous_a or_o rather_o in_o famous_a for_o the_o two_o faction_n of_o the_o bianchi_n and_o nery_n which_o ruin_v themselves_o and_o trouble_v the_o peace_n of_o florence_n also_o it_o begin_v thus_o two_o young_a gentleman_n of_o the_o town_n fall_v out_o and_o so_o proceed_v from_o word_n to_o blow_n it_o chance_v one_o of_o they_o receive_v a_o light_a hurt_n the_o father_n of_o the_o other_o because_o he_o will_v kill_v all_o motion_n to_o a_o far_a quarrel_n send_v his_o son_n to_o ask_v pardon_n of_o the_o father_n and_o parentage_n of_o the_o other_o who_o he_o have_v hurt_v but_o he_o cause_v his_o servant_n to_o lay_v hold_n on_o he_o command_v his_o right_a hand_n to_o be_v cut_v off_o and_o send_v he_o away_o with_o this_o answer_n va_o dal_a tuo_fw-la padre_n &_o digli_fw-la che_fw-it le_fw-fr ferite_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la curano_fw-it con_fw-mi parole_fw-fr ma_fw-fr colferro_fw-la go_v to_o thy_o father_n and_o tell_v he_o hurt_n be_v not_o cure_v with_o word_n but_o with_o the_o sword_n hereupon_o grow_v that_o great_a and_o bloody_a enmity_n between_o those_o two_o house_n which_o draw_v into_o it_o all_o the_o great_a family_n of_o pistoia_n as_o also_o they_o of_o florence_n where_o the_o donati_n band_v with_o the_o neri_n and_o the_o circhi_n with_o the_o bianchi_n since_o which_o faction_n there_o have_v also_o another_o rise_v no_o less_o dangerous_a than_o the_o former_a between_o the_o cancellieri_n and_o the_o panzadici_fw-la scarce_o yet_o so_o compose_v but_o that_o upon_o every_o small_a occasion_n it_o be_v ready_a to_o break_v out_o this_o town_n pretend_v to_o be_v much_o privilege_v above_o all_o other_o city_n under_o the_o great_a duke_n for_o at_o the_o time_n when_o they_o yield_v to_o the_o state_n of_o florence_n it_o be_v among_o other_o capitulacon_n conclude_v that_o in_o any_o bando_n proclamation_n whatsoever_o except_o the_o city_n and_o contado_n of_o pistoia_n be_v express_o name_v it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v exempt_a &_o free_v from_o the_o same_o which_o indeed_o be_v still_o observe_v howbeit_o a_o course_n be_v take_v never_o to_o leave_v that_o clause_n out_o so_o that_o i_o see_v small_a reason_n they_o have_v to_o brag_v so_o much_o thereof_o the_o people_n in_o and_o without_o the_o city_n be_v suppose_v sixty_o four_o thousand_o the_o religious_a be_v much_o about_o the_o the_o rate_n of_o they_o in_o prato_n a_o eight_o part_n i_o can_v pass_v the_o direct_a way_n from_o hence_o to_o pisa_n whether_o the_o course_n of_o this_o discourse_n direct_v i_o unless_o i_o pass_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o lucca_n which_o be_v no_o part_n of_o this_o state_n i_o know_v not_o how_o i_o may_v speak_v of_o that_o have_v undertake_v to_o write_v of_o nothing_o else_o and_o yet_o pass_v so_o near_o i_o know_v not_o how_o to_o avoid_v some_o mention_n thereof_o that_o be_o likewise_o to_o advertise_v of_o what_o i_o have_v see_v wherefore_o between_o a_o doubt_n which_o be_v less_o fault_n to_o digress_v in_o my_o narration_n or_o be_v divert_v out_o of_o my_o way_n i_o will_v speak_v so_o little_a as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o digress_v it_o may_v be_v excuse_v because_o this_o little_a be_v nothing_o &_o if_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o write_v so_o little_a it_o may_v be_v answer_v i_o dare_v not_o digress_v lucca_n the_o city_n of_o lucca_n be_v ancient_o call_v fredia_n and_o afterward_o be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o twelve_o old_a city_n of_o tuscany_n that_o receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n &_o light_n of_o the_o gospel_n it_o change_v the_o name_n of_o lucca_n a_o luce_n herewith_o accord_v fuccio_n uberti_n ma_fw-fr perch_n alluminata_fw-la della_fw-it fede_fw-it furio_n pria_fw-la ch_n altra_fw-la cittade_fw-la di_fw-it tuscany_fw-it cangio_n il_fw-fr svo_fw-la nome_fw-mi e_o lucca_n le_fw-fr si_fw-fr diede_n it_o be_v seat_v as_o be_v before_o say_v like_o a_o centre_n in_o a_o circumference_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o fair_a and_o pleasant_a valley_n environ_v with_o waist_n and_o huge_a mountain_n the_o wall_n in_o circuit_n two_o mile_n be_v of_o brick_n very_o new_a strengthen_v with_o a_o very_a thick_a rampart_n and_o fortify_v alla_fw-fr moderna_fw-la with_o very_a many_o and_o defensible_a bulwark_n insomuch_o as_o it_o be_v think_v that_o when_o the_o bulwark_n that_o be_v now_o in_o the_o make_n at_o the_o northwest_n of_o the_o town_n be_v finish_v with_o one_o other_o at_o the_o east_n which_o be_v already_o purpose_a and_o the_o terra-pieno_a rampart_n of_o this_o east_n side_n make_v answerable_a to_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v also_o intend_a it_o shall_v then_o have_v in_o all_o eleven_o bulwark_n and_o will_v without_o exception_n be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v town_n in_o italy_n they_o keep_v in_o the_o town_n a_o garrison_n continual_o of_o three_o hundred_o soldier_n and_o be_v able_a they_o say_v to_o draw_v into_o their_o city_n at_o two_o day_n warn_v out_o of_o their_o own_o territory_n thirty_o thousand_o able_a man_n for_o service_n for_o which_o number_n they_o have_v provision_n of_o arm_n victual_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a upon_o occasion_n i_o be_v in_o their_o granary_n where_o i_o see_v as_o they_o credible_o rate_v it_o of_o wheat_n rye_n beanes_n and_o chestnut_n mealn_v the_o quantity_n of_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o stay_v which_o of_o our_o measure_n make_v about_o fifty_o thousand_o quarter_n beside_o so_o much_o more_o keep_v in_o diverse_a convent_v and_o monastery_n of_o the_o town_n which_o they_o call_v their_o provisione_n d'_fw-fr abondanza_fw-es store_n all_o which_o provision_n be_v able_a in_o case_n of_o a_o siege_n to_o maintain_v the_o city_n for_o two_o year_n at_o the_o number_n of_o threescore_o thousand_o people_n allow_v twelve_o stay_v a_o man_n the_o year_n a_o proportion_n in_o those_o part_n and_o such_o case_n very_o large_a the_o reason_n of_o these_o fortification_n garrison_n and_o provision_n which_o they_o make_v be_v the_o jealous_a fear_n they_o have_v of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o who_o all_o their_o
general_a food_n of_o the_o tuscan_a at_o who_o table_n a_o salad_n be_v as_o ordinary_a as_o salt_n at_o we_o for_o be_v eat_v of_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n &_o at_o all_o time_n of_o the_o year_n of_o the_o scotfree_a because_o they_o love_v to_o spare_v of_o the_o poor_a because_o they_o can_v choose_v of_o many_o religious_a because_o of_o their_o vow_n of_o most_o other_o because_o of_o their_o want_n it_o remain_v to_o believe_v that_o which_o themselves_o confess_v namely_o flesh._n that_o for_o every_o horseload_n of_o flesh_n eat_v there_o be_v ten_o cart_n load_v of_o herb_n and_o root_n which_o also_o their_o open_a market_n and_o private_a table_n do_v witness_v and_o whereof_o if_o one_o talk_v with_o they_o fast_v he_o shall_v have_v sensible_a feel_n but_o for_o the_o better_a proof_n of_o the_o little_a flesh_n here_o spend_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o remember_v what_o the_o chancellor_n of_o prato_n tell_v i_o concern_v this_o matter_n who_o seem_v by_o his_o discourse_n a_o man_n of_o good_a understanding_n &_o who_o ought_v by_o his_o office_n to_o have_v the_o knowledge_n hereof_o very_o familiar_a upon_o some_o conference_n with_o he_o have_v about_o the_o great_a duke_n imposition_n and_o gabell_n which_o he_o have_v in_o that_o state_n he_o tell_v i_o among_o diverse_a other_o matter_n which_o shall_v be_v remember_v hereafter_o that_o he_o have_v out_o of_o prato_n &_o the_o precinct_n thereof_o a_o thousand_o ducat_n communibm_fw-la annis_fw-la for_o the_o flesh_n there_o eat_v at_o the_o rate_n of_o five_o denari_fw-la the_o pound_n for_o so_o much_o he_o have_v now_o if_o we_o reduce_v ducat_n to_o denari_fw-la which_o be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o quattrino_n &_o divide_v that_o number_n by_o five_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o number_n of_o pound_n of_o flesh_n eat_v there_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n for_o so_o be_v their_o weight_n of_o all_o thing_n whatsoever_o which_o sum_n by_o the_o rule_n of_o three_o we_o may_v reduce_v to_o pound_n english_a of_o sixteen_o ounce_n and_o then_o divide_v by_o fourteen_o know_v how_o many_o stone_n be_v there_o eat_v in_o a_o year_n according_a to_o which_o computation_n we_o shall_v find_v 18000_o stone_n the_o people_n there_o be_v as_o be_v already_o say_v 16000_o person_n so_o that_o there_o be_v little_o more_o than_o a_o stone_n a_o piece_n for_o the_o year_n a_o proportion_n which_o in_o newgate_n market_n and_o s._n nicholas-shamble_n will_v hardly_o be_v believe_v pythagoras_n find_v by_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o foot_n the_o perfect_a rieratte_n of_o hercules_n &_o phidias_n of_o athens_n find_v by_o the_o paw_n of_o the_o lion_n the_o true_a proportion_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n so_o by_o this_o small_a store_n of_o flesh_n spend_v in_o prato_n may_v well_o be_v conceive_v what_o proportion_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o tuscany_n it_o may_v here_o not_o impertinent_o be_v remember_v speak_v of_o flesh_n of_o a_o kind_n of_o meat_n which_o the_o italian_a have_v out_o of_o barbaria_n howbeit_o in_o no_o great_a quantity_n which_o they_o call_v micista_n micista_n it_o be_v a_o powder_n make_v of_o beef_n dry_v &_o sell_v in_o their_o shop_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o flesh_n of_o africa_n be_v such_o not_o to_o take_v salt_n the_o alarbaes_n of_o that_o country_n dwell_v in_o tent_n which_o they_o always_o remove_v when_o their_o cattle_n have_v eat_v up_o the_o pasture_n to_o some_o other_o place_n do_v bake_v their_o flesh_n in_o oven_n so_o dry_a till_o it_o may_v be_v beat_v to_o powder_v which_o do_v they_o barrel_n it_o up_o &_o carry_v with_o they_o for_o a_o kind_n of_o very_o good_a food_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v also_o that_o the_o tartar_n bring_v of_o this_o into_o the_o war_n whereof_o they_o feed_v and_o wherewith_o put_v about_o two_o handful_n of_o it_o into_o water_n they_o give_v their_o â—orsâ—s_n which_o without_o any_o other_o provender_n keep_v they_o fat_a &_o â—isty_a as_o concern_v their_o grain_n in_o tuscany_n graine_n it_o be_v very_o much_o in_o kind_n &_o very_a little_a in_o quantity_n whereof_o most_o year_n they_o have_v too_o sensible_a feel_n &_o be_v supply_v out_o of_o other_o place_n as_o sicilia_n sardigna_fw-es &_o sometime_o england_n &_o the_o east-country_n they_o have_v of_o wheat_n more_o than_o either_o rye_n or_o barley_n yet_o of_o neither_o sufficient_a as_o for_o their_o sagina_fw-la panico_n miglio_n surgo_fw-la turco_n and_o such_o like_a they_o be_v fine_a name_n but_o make_v but_o course_n meal_n and_o bread_n only_o for_o the_o poor_a sort_n who_o may_v they_o not_o want_v thereof_o will_v think_v their_o market_n much_o amend_v their_o harvest_n be_v in_o june_n harvest_n they_o mow_v their_o wheat_n and_o rye_n &_o reap_v their_o barley_n quite_o contrary_a to_o the_o common_a course_n in_o england_n they_o cut_v their_o corn_n while_o it_o be_v somewhat_o green_a i_o take_v it_o lest_o it_o shall_v shill_v they_o suffer_v it_o afterward_o to_o stand_v in_o shock_n â—ill_v it_o be_v well_o wither_v and_o dry_v then_o make_v a_o store_n on_o the_o ground_n where_o it_o grow_v they_o present_o thresh_v it_o &_o stack_n up_o the_o straw_n for_o their_o necessary_a use_n the_o same_o ground_n which_o have_v carry_v this_o crop_n if_o it_o be_v in_o heart_n be_v again_o present_o till_v and_o sow_v with_o miglio_n panico_n sagina_fw-la or_o some_o pulse_n or_o other_o which_o again_o they_o reap_v in_o september_n they_o measure_v their_o corn_n by_o the_o staio_n as_o we_o we_o by_o the_o strike_v or_o bushel_n it_o contain_v in_o weight_n fifty_o five_o pound_n at_o twelve_o ounce_n the_o pound_n and_o as_o we_o measure_v our_o land_n by_o the_o acre_n so_o they_o they_o by_o the_o staioro_n which_o take_v his_o name_n of_o the_o staio_n because_o one_o of_o these_o parcel_n of_o land_n if_o it_o be_v on_o the_o hill_n will_v ask_v a_o staio_n of_o corn_n to_o feed_v it_o otherwise_o in_o the_o valley_n every_o measure_n will_v ordinary_o feed_v four_o straiora_fw-la i_o suppose_v that_o six_o of_o these_o make_v one_o of_o our_o acre_n the_o countryman_n will_v stir_v of_o they_o as_o we_o call_v it_o eighteen_o with_o his_o two_o yoke_n of_o ox_n the_o one_o yoke_n feed_v while_o the_o other_o labour_v in_o one_o day_n he_o have_v for_o his_o labour_n four_o crazy_a a_o piece_n which_o be_v threepence_n starling_n so_o that_o he_o and_o his_o beast_n earn_v some_o four_o shilling_n sixpence_n sterling_a the_o day_n how_o this_o agree_v with_o our_o rate_n in_o england_n i_o can_v say_v i_o go_v not_o out_o so_o good_a a_o husband_n the_o staioro_n do_v ordinary_o yield_v seven_o and_o eight_o staia_v crop_n which_o be_v little_a short_a of_o the_o proportion_n of_o four_o quarter_n a_o acre_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v general_o light_a and_o sandy_a soil_n lay_v in_o small_a ridge_n like_o the_o field_n of_o norfolk_n which_o as_o i_o take_v it_o argue_v the_o lightness_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o city_n &_o great_a town_n near_o and_o the_o number_n of_o people_n it_o be_v much_o force_v and_o make_v more_o fruitful_a for_o there_o be_v those_o who_o all_o their_o life_n time_n do_v nothing_o but_o with_o their_o ass_n go_v up_o and_o down_o the_o city_n gather_v up_o the_o dung_n in_o the_o street_n and_o carry_v it_o to_o the_o land_n of_o those_o with_o who_o they_o have_v bargain_v pay_v out_o of_o every_o ass_n burden_n one_o quattrino_n to_o the_o duke_n before_o they_o pass_v the_o gate_n but_o this_o be_v a_o discourse_n for_o another_o place_n it_o remain_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o salt_n salt_n another_o commodity_n which_o they_o have_v here_o in_o tuscany_n in_o some_o reasonable_a manner_n it_o be_v very_o white_a and_o good_a much_o better_a than_o that_o of_o the_o church_n salt_n which_o have_v almost_o the_o colour_n of_o sawdust_n or_o that_o of_o liguria_n which_o be_v little_o better_a the_o two_o place_n from_o whence_o they_o have_v this_o commodity_n be_v the_o city_n of_o grossetta_n in_o the_o maremma_n and_o the_o pit_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n of_o volterra_n howbeit_o they_o make_v of_o it_o at_o these_o pit_n in_o great_a measure_n where_o it_o be_v report_v be_v daily_o make_v throughout_o the_o year_n twenty_o four_o moggie_a every_o of_o these_o measure_n be_v four_o and_o twenty_o staia_v that_o be_v of_o our_o measure_n some_o sixteen_o strike_v a_o piece_n so_o that_o there_o be_v daily_o make_v 48._o quarter_n they_o know_v when_o it_o be_v sufficient_o boil_v by_o the_o throw_n in_o of_o a_o egg_n for_o if_o it_o sink_v then_o be_v it_o not_o yet_o perfect_a effect_v but_o if_o it_o swim_v ah_o galla_o than_o they_o
boil_v it_o no_o long_o there_o be_v not_o far_o hence_o may_n i_o digress_v so_o far_o water_n of_o such_o a_o scald_a and_o sulphurous_a nature_n as_o if_o a_o dog_n or_o such_o like_a creature_n be_v tie_v to_o a_o rope_n and_o throw_v therein_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o hour_n you_o pull_v out_o nothing_o but_o the_o bare_a bone_n and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o air_n here_o about_o sometime_o of_o the_o year_n be_v so_o contagious_a as_o the_o inhabitant_n abandon_v their_o home_n the_o place_n be_v so_o dangerous_a i_o will_v dwell_v no_o long_o upon_o the_o discourse_n thereof_o but_o return_v to_o the_o salt-pit_n out_o of_o which_o the_o great_a duke_n make_v no_o small_a benefit_n consider_v he_o buy_v it_o at_o one_o quattrini_fw-la the_o pound_n and_o sell_v it_o again_o at_o twelve_o and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o his_o state_n at_o fifteen_o which_o be_v buy_v at_o this_o rate_n come_v to_o two_o ducat_n the_o staio_n howbeit_o it_o be_v say_v of_o some_o that_o it_o cost_v he_o five_o quattrini_fw-la the_o pound_n which_o i_o rather_o believe_v and_o so_o his_o gain_n be_v but_o two_o three_o part_n sure_o i_o be_o that_o there_o be_v a_o bando_n upon_o a_o great_a penalty_n that_o none_o presume_v to_o buy_v but_o of_o his_o officer_n only_o and_o see_v here_o be_v mention_v make_v of_o the_o great_a duke_n imposition_n upon_o saltâ—_n i_o will_v also_o annex_v his_o gain_n raise_v by_o wheat_n though_o i_o must_v confess_v their_o place_n more_o proper_a when_o i_o shall_v speak_v of_o his_o revenue_n after_o the_o raccolta_n engross_v harvest_n when_o wheat_n be_v at_o the_o cheap_a a_o note_n be_v take_v of_o every_o man_n particular_a crop_n how_o much_o he_o have_v what_o will_v seed_v his_o ground_n and_o serve_v his_o house_n the_o rest_n the_o officer_n will_v buy_v at_o the_o price_n of_o the_o market_n he_o be_v not_o as_o i_o take_v it_o direct_o force_v to_o sell_v it_o but_o a_o bando_n be_v send_v forth_o that_o no_o man_n shall_v buy_v and_o so_o by_o consequent_a because_o he_o must_v needs_o have_v money_n with_o a_o unwilling_a willingness_n he_o be_v content_a they_o shall_v have_v it_o this_o be_v buy_v under_o pretence_n to_o have_v the_o city_n well_o store_v whether_o it_o be_v carry_v into_o the_o great_a duke_n granary_n in_o which_o place_n for_o any_o accident_n either_o of_o dearth_n or_o of_o war_n though_o for_o the_o one_o the_o country_n be_v well_o secure_v here_o be_v very_o good_a store_n to_o be_v find_v it_o be_v report_v in_o the_o magizini_fw-la storehouse_n at_o pisa_n when_o i_o be_v there_o there_o be_v no_o less_o than_o one_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o staia_fw-la and_o it_o be_v likewise_o hold_v for_o certain_a that_o some_o year_n of_o plenty_n he_o buy_v eight_o or_o nine_o hundred_o thousand_o at_o the_o rate_n common_o of_o four_o or_o five_o liver_n the_o staio_n a_o liver_n be_v ninepence_n sterling_a and_o sell_v it_o again_o as_o this_o year_n he_o do_v for_o above_o ten_o now_o by_o buy_v such_o a_o infinite_a mass_n and_o sell_v it_o at_o such_o a_o rate_n the_o gain_n be_v easy_o compute_v to_o be_v almost_o as_o many_o ducat_n as_o be_v staia_v buy_v his_o subject_n will_v tell_v we_o of_o a_o million_o gain_v some_o year_n but_o that_o be_v infinite_a now_o lest_o when_o the_o new_a corn_n come_v into_o his_o granary_n he_o shall_v not_o vent_v the_o old_a as_o be_v sustie_a or_o have_v some_o other_o fault_n a_o bando_n be_v send_v out_o that_o the_o baker_n shall_v bake_v no_o other_o there_o be_v another_o inconvenience_n strange_a than_o this_o a_o case_n wherein_o a_o man_n may_v not_o serve_v himself_o of_o his_o own_o which_o have_v it_o not_o be_v tell_v i_o by_o a_o gentleman_n sanese_n of_o good_a credit_n i_o shall_v hardly_o have_v believe_v much_o less_o have_v adventure_v to_o advertise_v thereof_o if_o a_o gentleman_n of_o sienna_n have_v a_o villa_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o mont_n alcina_n near_o by_o and_o therein_o good_a store_n of_o wheat_n to_o serve_v his_o turn_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o his_o house_n in_o sienna_n and_o whither_o it_o may_v be_v with_o little_a cost_n bring_v as_o not_o be_v far_o off_o and_o where_o perhaps_o he_o can_v well_o spare_v money_n to_o buy_v of_o other_o notwithstanding_o he_o can_v be_v suffer_v to_o bring_v of_o his_o own_o to_o his_o house_n but_o must_v there_o take_v of_o the_o great_a duke_n to_o make_v his_o provision_n how_o hurtful_a these_o monopoly_n and_o ingrossing_n be_v the_o law_n make_v against_o they_o in_o well_o govern_v state_n do_v witness_v and_o the_o people_n where_o they_o be_v practise_v do_v feel_v of_o their_o pasture_n and_o feed_n for_o cattle_n pasture_n i_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o speak_v for_o they_o be_v not_o herewith_o acquaint_v as_o not_o be_v able_a to_o spare_v one_o staiora_n from_o tillage_n except_o in_o the_o maremma_n and_o allows_v of_o pisa_n which_o be_v little_a and_o soon_o speak_v of_o and_o not_o have_v whereof_o to_o be_v speak_v but_o that_o it_o be_v little_a i_o will_v leave_v as_o also_o all_o other_o thing_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o country_n itself_o and_o proceed_v to_o the_o government_n the_o government_n to_o speak_v in_o one_o word_n government_n and_o not_o to_o use_v a_o hard_a term_n be_v mere_o despoticall_a the_o prince_n himself_o be_v of_o stature_n mean_a of_o colour_n by_o complexion_n brown_a prince_n by_o age_n grisle_v of_o body_n corpulent_a of_o age_n somewhat_o above_o fifty_o his_o name_n ferdinando_n who_o till_o his_o brother_n death_n be_v cardinal_n name_n which_o dignity_n he_o have_v since_o renounce_v have_v attain_v this_o sceptre_n whereof_o he_o have_v not_o be_v capaple_n if_o he_o have_v before_o enter_v the_o order_n of_o priesthood_n he_o be_v of_o the_o family_n medici_n family_n a_o noble_a house_n of_o florence_n the_o first_o raiser_n whereof_o be_v lippo_fw-la not_o three_o hundred_o year_n since_o who_o father_n though_o a_o collier_n yet_o he_o by_o his_o virtue_n and_o his_o posterity_n also_o succeed_v from_o time_n to_o time_n advance_v the_o reputation_n of_o this_o name_n to_o the_o greatness_n wherein_o now_o it_o be_v whereof_o have_v be_v many_o cardinal_n archbishop_n bishop_n and_o other_o personage_n of_o great_a place_n beside_o two_o pope_n two_o and_o twenty_o gonfalonier_n and_o four_o duke_n of_o these_o three_o have_v have_v the_o title_n of_o great_a as_o elsewhere_o be_v show_v the_o descent_n of_o this_o prince_n may_v be_v derive_v from_o lippo_fw-la descent_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o will_v omit_v four_o or_o five_o and_o begin_v at_o giovanni_n the_o father_n of_o the_o first_o cosmo_n because_o from_o he_o come_v the_o two_o house_n that_o have_v have_v the_o signiory_n of_o this_o state_n as_o in_o this_o table_n follow_v appear_v the_o line_n masculine_a of_o the_o family_n medici_n giovanni_n cosmo_n contessina_fw-la bardi_n piero_n lucretia_n turna_fw-la buoni_fw-la lorenzo_n clarice_n orsina_fw-la piero_n alfonsa_fw-la orsina_fw-la lorenzo_n maddalcha_fw-mi di_fw-mi bologna_n alexandro_n d._n di_o fioe_n marâ—_n d'austria_fw-la caterina_n regina_fw-la di_fw-it francia_n giovanni_n leo_n 10._o guigliano_fw-it d._n di_fw-mi nemor_n filiberta_fw-la di_fw-it savoia_n hippolito_n cardinale_n asdrubal_n cavall_a gierusalemme_n guigliano_fw-it guiglio_n clem._n 7_o giovanni_n gineva_n alessandri_n cosimino_fw-la carlo_n lorenzo_n gineura_n cavalcanti_fw-la pierfrancesco_n laudomia_fw-la acciaioli_n lorenzo_n semiramus_n appiana_n pierfrancisco_n maria_n soderini_n lorenzo_n this_o be_v he_o that_o murder_v alexander_n first_o d._n of_o florence_n in_o detestation_n of_o which_o fact_n the_o house_n where_o it_o be_v commit_v stand_v ruin_v as_o in_o the_o via_fw-la larga_n there_o appear_v francisco_n grand_fw-mi d._n giovanni_n d'austria_fw-la don_n philippo_n prencipe_fw-la di_fw-it tuscany_fw-it morto_fw-it don_n antonio_n d._n di_o capistrano_n bastard_n alive_a giovanni_n cardinale_n don_n piero_n morto_fw-la don_n garzia_n morto_fw-la ferdinando_n gran_fw-mi d._n christina_n di_fw-it lorena_n don_n cosmo_n prencipe_fw-la di_fw-it tuscany_fw-it don_n francisco_n dâ—â—_n guigliano_fw-it vescovo_fw-la auerardo_n giovanni_n caterina_n zforza_n giovanni_n maria_n salviati_n cosmo_n grand_fw-mi duca_fw-la di_fw-it tuscany_fw-it leonora_n di_fw-it toledo_n don_n piero_n leonora_n di_fw-fr toledo_n don_n cosmo._n don_n govantiâ—_n baste_v alive_a the_o descent_n and_o issue_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n appear_v in_o this_o table_n parentage_n it_o remain_v that_o i_o speak_v of_o his_o parentage_n his_o highness_n match_v in_o the_o house_n of_o lorraine_n with_o madama_n christina_n that_o duke_n daughter_n don_n caesare_n d'_fw-fr estê_fw-la base_a son_n to_o alphonso_n the_o second_o the_o duke_n of_o fexrara_n that_o now_o be_v marry_v to_o his_o sister_n don_n virginio_n orsinâ—_n duke_n
salviati_n and_o pazzi_n govern_v the_o state_n of_o florence_n with_o all_o wisdom_n gravity_n and_o moderation_n without_o respect_n of_o any_o particular_a advancement_n of_o his_o house_n but_o only_o of_o the_o weal_n public_a to_o he_o have_v all_o the_o state_n and_o prince_n of_o italy_n recourse_n in_o all_o their_o matter_n of_o controversy_n to_o be_v end_v and_o of_o counsel_n to_o be_v guide_v insomuch_o as_o in_o his_o day_n florence_n seem_v another_o delphos_n and_o he_o another_o oracle_n as_o he_o will_v be_v all_o officer_n choose_v all_o family_n prefer_v and_o all_o common_a action_n of_o the_o state_n carry_v so_o that_o as_o in_o genoa_n the_o adorni_n and_o fregosi_n be_v by_o the_o people_n exalt_v to_o curb_v the_o unbrideled_a insolency_n of_o the_o colore_fw-la nobile_fw-la as_o in_o sienna_n the_o petrucci_n be_v make_v great_a to_o restrain_v the_o disorder_a humour_n of_o some_o aspire_a citizen_n as_o in_o perugia_n the_o baglioni_n be_v advance_v to_o impeach_v the_o proud_a design_n of_o the_o raspanti_n of_o who_o proceed_n the_o city_n grow_v jealous_a and_o as_o in_o bologna_n the_o bentivogli_n be_v prefer_v to_o extraordinary_a honour_n &_o authority_n through_o the_o hate_n they_o bear_v their_o noble_n so_o likewise_o the_o first_o raise_v of_o this_o family_n medici_n be_v their_o plausible_a carriage_n towards_o the_o mean_a and_o baseâ—_n rank_a of_o citizen_n by_o who_o they_o be_v choose_v for_o a_o head_n against_o the_o great_a and_o more_o powerful_a sort_n and_o not_o content_v with_o this_o prehemenencie_n their_o desire_n rest_v not_o until_o as_o in_o the_o person_n of_o alexander_n shall_v appear_v one_o of_o their_o house_n come_v to_o be_v duke_n of_o so_o great_a a_o state_n brother_n to_o a_o king_n of_o france_n and_o son_n in_o law_n to_o a_o emperor_n so_o ordinary_a and_o natural_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n in_o matter_n of_o ambition_n and_o greatness_n to_o keep_v no_o mediocrity_n that_o when_o you_o give_v he_o the_o authority_n and_o command_n over_o few_o and_o in_o small_a matter_n he_o can_v listen_v his_o vast_a thought_n within_o the_o limit_n prescribe_v but_o be_v so_o carry_v beyond_o himself_o with_o a_o desire_n to_o rule_v as_o without_o consideration_n either_o of_o virtue_n by_o which_o or_o of_o friend_n by_o who_o he_o be_v advance_v he_o be_v violent_o drive_v with_o the_o stream_n of_o that_o his_o ambitious_a passion_n to_o oppress_v aswell_o those_o by_o who_o mean_n as_o those_o for_o who_o cause_n he_o be_v at_o first_o advance_v which_o ambitious_a humour_n of_o reign_v though_o it_o reign_v not_o in_o this_o good_a lorenzo_n who_o with_o the_o reputation_n of_o a_o great_a wise_a man_n and_o no_o less_o good_a citizen_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1492._o with_o who_o say_v guicciardine_n die_v the_o glory_n and_o peace_n of_o italy_n yet_o it_o make_v the_o way_n to_o those_o garboil_n and_o trouble_n which_o his_o child_n greatness_n by_o his_o desert_n and_o aspire_v mind_n by_o their_o own_o corruption_n dâ—d_v afterward_o cause_v in_o florence_n for_o leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n piero_n giovanni_n and_o guigliano_fw-it the_o first_o succeed_v his_o father_n but_o not_o with_o like_a moderation_n in_o that_o authority_n wherein_o his_o father_n virtue_n leave_v he_o in_o but_o assert_v a_o lordly_a superiority_n and_o sole_a government_n and_o as_o my_o author_n say_v con_n consiglio_fw-it dirittamehie_fw-fr contrario_fw-la à _fw-la consigli_fw-la paterni_fw-la ne_fw-la communicato_fw-la â—o_o cittadini_fw-la principali_fw-la with_o a_o counsel_n quite_o contrary_a to_o that_o of_o his_o father_n and_o keep_v still_o secret_a from_o the_o chief_a citizen_n he_o seek_v to_o carry_v all_o matter_n after_o the_o unbrideled_a sway_n of_o his_o own_o affection_n so_o great_o to_o the_o dislike_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o their_o liberty_n as_o â—e_v with_o his_o brother_n be_v worthy_o banish_v who_o after_o many_o attempt_n to_o be_v reimpatriate_a yet_o still_o repulse_v be_v notwithstanding_o at_o the_o last_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o ferdinando_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o naples_n restore_v i_o mean_v the_o two_o young_a brother_n for_o piero_n be_v now_o dead_a ripigliando_n quell_v antica_fw-la grandezza_fw-mi de_fw-fr medicima_fw-la gowernandola_n puâ—_n imperiosament_v e_fw-it con_fw-mi arbitâ—io_fw-la pui_fw-la assoluto_fw-mi di_fw-it quello_fw-it che'_v soleva_fw-la take_v upon_o they_o again_o the_o former_a greatness_n of_o the_o medici_n &_o carry_v it_o more_o lordly_a and_o with_o a_o more_o peremptory_a swinge_n than_o they_o be_v wont_a guicciard_n lib._n 11._o car_n 318._o this_o restore_n of_o the_o medici_n &_o subjection_n of_o the_o city_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1512._o after_o they_o have_v be_v eighteen_o year_n banish_v in_o which_o lordly_a course_n of_o carry_v themselves_o they_o continue_v fifteen_o year_n till_o 1527._o when_o clement_n the_o pope_n be_v in_o dangerat_a rome_n &_o flee_v into_o the_o castle_n s_o angelo_n the_o florentine_n take_v advantage_n of_o the_o time_n attempt_v the_o recover_n of_o their_o liberty_n howbeit_o at_o the_o pope_n instance_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o make_v alexander_n medici_n prior_n perpetual_a and_o after_o in_o 35._o as_o have_v be_v before_o say_v speak_v of_o his_o style_n have_v match_v in_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n he_o create_v he_o duke_n cause_v a_o emblematical_a statue_n to_o be_v make_v of_o brasle_n in_o the_o chief_a piazza_n of_o the_o town_n with_o this_o inscription_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n te_fw-la filsi_fw-la si_fw-la quâ—â—_n leserat_fw-la ultor_fw-la ero_fw-la my_o son_n i_o will_v revenge_v thou_o if_o any_o dare_v to_o hurt_v thou_o as_o a_o threat_n to_o the_o city_n if_o they_o offer_v to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n this_o alexander_n first_o duke_n of_o florence_n be_v murder_v by_o his_o cousin_n lorenzo_n and_o have_v no_o issue_n the_o government_n fall_v to_o cosmo_n son_n to_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n &_o maria_n salviati_n heir_n in_o the_o next_o line_n &_o father_n to_o this_o great_a duke_n that_o now_o live_v to_o who_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n francisco_n this_o state_n be_v devolue_v court._n concern_v his_o court_n it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v great_a than_o of_o a_o duke_n less_o than_o of_o a_o king_n which_o compare_v with_o other_o duke_n of_o italy_n be_v true_a howbeit_o if_o it_o be_v consider_v either_o what_o number_n of_o person_n be_v therein_o or_o what_o provision_n there_o be_v make_v i_o think_v it_o may_v hardly_o compare_v with_o the_o house_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n comprehend_v in_o this_o number_n none_o but_o such_o as_o live_v and_o have_v their_o diet_n in_o court_n whereof_o there_o be_v very_o few_o for_o this_o court_n do_v yield_v two_o sort_n of_o courtier_n della_fw-it bocca_fw-it &_o della_fw-it casa_n of_o the_o mouth_n and_o of_o the_o house_n that_o be_v of_o such_o as_o feed_v there_o and_o of_o such_o as_o retain_v only_o of_o the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o great_a duke_n himself_o the_o duke_n bracciano_n their_o duchess_n their_o child_n and_o some_o few_o servant_n beside_o to_o the_o number_n as_o i_o have_v creadible_o hear_v not_o above_o four_o and_o twenty_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n be_v other_o officer_n of_o court_n which_o notwithstanding_o live_v at_o their_o own_o private_a table_n as_o monsignior_n puteo_fw-la archbishop_n of_o pisa_n and_o thereto_o his_o highness_n by_o who_o counsel_n he_o be_v especial_o advise_v il_fw-fr signior_n piero_n vsimbaldi_n il_fw-it signor_fw-it cavalliere_n conciâ—o_n il_fw-it signor_fw-it beliario_n vinta_n il_fw-fr signior_n cavalliere_n serguidi_n il_fw-fr signor_fw-it piero_n conti_n his_o secretary_n &_o diverse_a other_o his_o officer_n to_o these_o if_o we_o add_v don_n giovanni_n &_o don_n antonio_n both_o medici_n the_o one_o his_o brother_n the_o other_o his_o nephew_n illegitimate_a il_fw-fr signior_n camillo_n del_fw-it monte_fw-it general_a of_o the_o foot_n il_fw-fr signior_n conte_n gherardesca_n colonel_n of_o the_o horse_n il_fw-fr signior_n francisco_n montauti_fw-la general_a of_o his_o galley_n beside_o the_o lâ—arant_a '_o otto_n &_o diverse_a other_o countess_n and_o noble_n of_o florence_n you_o shall_v see_v a_o very_a honourable_a and_o noble_a presence_n the_o order_n of_o this_o discourse_n require_v that_o in_o this_o place_n i_o brief_o advertise_v of_o the_o order_n of_o san_n stephano_n stephen_n whereof_o his_o highness_n be_v grand-master_n which_o be_v first_o institute_v by_o cosmo_n his_o father_n and_o confirm_v by_o pius_fw-la quintus_fw-la but_o because_o the_o ordinance_n &_o statute_n thereof_o be_v very_o many_o aswell_o concern_v the_o investiture_n as_o degradation_n &_o for_o that_o there_o be_v a_o book_n write_v thereof_o entitle_v della_fw-it religione_fw-la di_fw-it san_fw-it stephano_n i_o
determine_v and_o sure_o i_o be_o of_o this_o that_o beside_o many_o particular_n here_o remember_v as_o also_o the_o rent_n and_o revenue_n of_o his_o proper_a land_n belong_v by_o many_o descent_n to_o he_o of_o other_o not_o account_v in_o this_o valuation_n of_o his_o yearly_a entrate_n there_o be_v yet_o one_o thing_n behind_o untouched_a or_o think_v of_o by_o other_o which_o will_v appear_v no_o small_a matter_n and_o be_v this_o in_o every_o city_n and_o town_n corporate_a as_o i_o may_v say_v in_o tuscanie_n communita_fw-la there_o be_v before_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o family_n medici_n a_o communità _fw-la that_o be_v a_o entrate_n in_o common_a of_o the_o city_n by_o which_o all_o public_a charge_n be_v defray_v all_o officer_n maintain_v and_o many_o other_o good_a and_o charitable_a work_n perform_v this_o entrate_n arise_v upon_o the_o ten_o &_o tithe_n of_o every_o man_n crop_n or_o fruit_n for_o in_o tuscany_n the_o parish_n priest_n have_v they_o not_o he_o have_v only_o his_o offering_n &_o church-right_n with_o a_o house_n and_o some_o certain_a ground_n thereto_o belong_v as_o you_o will_v say_v glebe-land_n it_o grow_v also_o upon_o the_o bread_n and_o flesh_n thus_o every_o file_n of_o bread_n as_o they_o term_v it_o cost_v a_o quatrino_n the_o sign_v every_o bullock_n cost_v four_o liver_n the_o kill_a every_o swine_n two_o every_o wether_n cost_v two_o guigly_a there_o be_v also_o in_o time_n past_a people_n of_o charitable_a disposition_n who_o die_v without_o child_n make_v the_o communità _fw-la their_o heâ—re_n to_o their_o good_n and_o land_n which_o they_o call_v the_o entrate_n of_o the_o geppo_n that_o be_v the_o stock_n and_o be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o communist_n now_o that_o which_o do_v yearly_a remain_v of_o the_o entrate_n all_o charge_n deduct_v be_v put_v to_o the_o common_a treasury_n for_o to_o help_v in_o time_n of_o dearth_n or_o war_n or_o such_o like_a public_a necessity_n a_o example_n hereof_o i_o will_v take_v the_o town_n of_o prato_n here_o the_o entrate_n of_o the_o communità _fw-la be_v twenty_o six_o thousand_o ducat_n the_o year_n ceppo_n the_o entrate_n of_o the_o ceppo_n be_v eight_o thousand_o in_o all_o thirty_o four_o hereout_o they_o allow_v the_o pâ—desta_n one_o thousand_o the_o captain_n of_o the_o train_a soldier_n six_o hundred_o the_o chancellor_n five_o hundred_o they_o allow_v for_o a_o feast_n every_o two_o month_n among_o the_o eight_o pricori_n at_o the_o choose_n of_o their_o gonfalioniere_n twenty_o ducat_n they_o allow_v their_o judge_n who_o be_v a_o doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n five_o hundred_o catchpole_n also_o the_o wage_n of_o the_o bargello_n and_o sbirri_n as_o one_o will_v say_v the_o vnder-shiriffe_n and_o his_o sergeant_n the_o wage_n of_o the_o trumpeter_n the_o stipend_n of_o four_o schoolmasters_a the_o salary_n of_o two_o physician_n and_o two_o surgeon_n the_o keep_n often_o scholar_n at_o the_o university_n in_o pisa_n also_o the_o maintain_n of_o two_o hospital_n one_o of_o bastard_n the_o other_o of_o sick_a age_a and_o impotent_a person_n whereof_o there_o be_v in_o all_o to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o beside_o the_o give_n of_o portion_n to_o poor_a maid_n that_o be_v marry_v from_o hence_o or_o to_o young_a boy_n that_o be_v put_v to_o some_o occupation_n as_o also_o the_o alm_n every_o friday_n of_o fourteen_o staia_v of_o corn_n two_o barrel_n of_o wine_n and_o one_o of_o vinegar_n give_v to_o the_o poor_a sort_n and_o last_o that_o which_o they_o give_v to_o the_o poveri_n vergognosi_n that_o be_v such_o householder_n as_o be_v poor_a and_o be_v ashamed_a to_o beg_v whereof_o there_o be_v consideration_n have_v by_o the_o four_o that_o be_v in_o office_n for_o that_o purpose_n these_o and_o all_o other_o their_o common_a charge_n as_o trim_v of_o church_n repair_v of_o bridge_n mend_v of_o high_a way_n and_o such_o like_a be_v defray_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o there_o yearly_a remain_v one_o four_o part_v '_o at_o the_o least_o which_o now_o go_v not_o to_o the_o common_a treasure_n as_o in_o time_n past_a but_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n coffer_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o place_n in_o this_o dukedom_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o before_o this_o money_n which_o result_v of_o the_o communità _fw-la be_v carry_v to_o florence_n to_o the_o duke_n exchequer_n pieta_n it_o be_v put_v into_o the_o monte_fw-it di_fw-it pietà _fw-la the_o bank_n of_o pity_n a_o place_n where_o any_o poor_a man_n may_v pawn_v his_o household_n stuff_n or_o clothes_n or_o whatsoever_o else_o be_v worth_a money_n provide_v always_o the_o gage_n be_v worth_n more_o than_o the_o money_n he_o take_v this_o money_n he_o have_v for_o a_o day_n and_o a_o year_n after_o five_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o if_o at_o the_o time_n he_o return_v not_o to_o redeem_v the_o thing_n engage_v it_o be_v sell_v by_o trumpet_n for_o what_o can_v be_v get_v whereout_a the_o principal_n and_o interest_n be_v take_v the_o poor_a man_n shall_v have_v the_o rest_n so_o that_o the_o great_a duke_n have_v this_o overplus_n for_o now_o it_o be_v their_o proverb_n il'duca_n è_fw-fr la_fw-fr communità _fw-la in_o every_o city_n and_o great_a town_n and_o the_o use_v beside_o for_o the_o money_n which_o will_v amount_v to_o a_o round_a sum_n through_o the_o whole_a state_n for_o there_o be_v of_o these_o bank_n in_o every_o place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v conjecture_v that_o his_o whole_a entrate_n be_v a_o great_a matter_n than_o it_o be_v ordinary_o take_v for_o of_o they_o who_o esteem_v it_o at_o one_o million_o and_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o ducat_n i_o shall_v rather_o condescend_v to_o they_o that_o rate_v it_o at_o one_o million_o and_o a_o half_a concern_v his_o expense_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o guess_v at_o expense_n than_o his_o entrate_n those_o of_o the_o duke_n francisco_n be_v suppose_v about_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o ducat_n these_o of_o this_o duke_n they_o say_v be_v much_o lesser_a and_o as_o the_o duke_n his_o brother_n have_v diverse_a captain_n and_o man_n of_o command_n his_o stipendary_n who_o receive_v of_o he_o some_o three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o ducat_n the_o year_n some_o three_o thousand_o some_o two_o and_o some_o less_o according_a to_o their_o nobility_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o place_n wherein_o they_o have_v charge_n so_o be_v it_o to_o be_v think_v that_o the_o general_n of_o the_o foot_n the_o colonel_n of_o his_o horse_n the_o general_a of_o his_o galley_n and_o other_o inferior_a commander_n who_o upon_o occasion_n be_v bind_v to_o serve_v he_o in_o their_o place_n be_v with_o sufficient_a pension_n reward_v each_o particular_n pension_n how_o much_o it_o be_v without_o more_o certain_a information_n than_o i_o have_v i_o dare_v not_o presume_v to_o say_v choose_v rather_o to_o be_v defective_a in_o a_o generality_n then_o be_v too_o particular_a to_o err_v as_o for_o his_o expense_n upon_o his_o troop_n of_o horse_n horse_n the_o lance_n have_v 7._o piastras_fw-la 1._o five_o shilling_n 3._o penny_n a_o piece_n a_o month_n the_o light-horseman_n have_v three_o now_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n in_o war_n a_o better_a proportion_n the_o soldier_n in_o all_o his_o garrison_n have_v four_o piastras_n a_o month_n the_o officer_n proportionate_a each_o in_o his_o place_n to_o this_o rate_n as_o for_o the_o train_a soldier_n he_o be_v in_o peace_n no_o charge_n to_o the_o duke_n for_o he_o find_v himself_o shoot_v powder_n armour_n weapon_n and_o all_o thing_n necessary_a and_o be_v bind_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o good_a order_n the_o captain_n and_o officer_n of_o these_o be_v pay_v out_o of_o the_o communità _fw-la as_o have_v be_v abovesaid_a the_o charge_n of_o his_o galley_n allow_v as_o don_n antonio_n doria_n in_o his_o discourse_n how_o to_o resist_v the_o turk_n at_o sea_n do_v proportion_n that_o be_v each_o month_n five_o hundred_o gold_n crown_v a_o galley_n come_v in_o the_o half_a year_n which_o time_n they_o be_v common_o at_o sea_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o eighteen_o thousand_o gold_n crown_n the_o charge_n of_o his_o court_n as_o by_o the_o number_n of_o person_n therein_o above_o inform_v may_v be_v collect_v can_v be_v great_a i_o have_v hear_v one_o of_o his_o servant_n say_v that_o the_o steward_n be_v allow_v for_o spezierie_a spicery_n fifteen_o thousand_o ducat_n &_o that_o all_o other_o charge_n may_v treble_v so_o much_o more_o as_o for_o all_o officer_n of_o court_n but_o these_o few_o before_o remember_v they_o feed_v at_o their_o own_o table_n his_o page_n which_o be_v gentleman_n son_n of_o the_o city_n or_o other_o place_n in_o number_n as_o i_o take_v it_o sixteen_o be_v at_o his_o charge_n keep_v at_o school_n &_o at_o diet_n in_o the_o city_n his_o staffieri_n
or_o footman_n be_v allow_v six_o piastras_fw-la the_o month_n they_o be_v about_o thirty_o his_o guard_n of_o swiss_n have_v four_o piastras_fw-la the_o month_n both_o these_o and_o they_o feed_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n or_o sojourn_v at_o some_o place_n for_o they_o have_v no_o allowance_n out_o of_o the_o duke_n kitchen_n not_o so_o much_o but_o the_o cook_n as_o i_o have_v hear_v have_v do_v their_o office_n go_v to_o their_o own_o house_n to_o meat_n a_o builder_n this_o duke_n be_v not_o at_o livorno_n where_o indeed_o be_v very_o great_a cost_n bestow_v &_o very_o many_o daily_a work_n howbeit_o consider_v the_o labour_n of_o his_o galley-slave_n which_o all_o the_o winter_n be_v there_o employ_v and_o of_o many_o poor_a man_n in_o the_o country_n which_o upon_o light_a fault_n be_v thither_o confine_v who_o labour_n he_o have_v pay_v nothing_o it_o may_v appear_v the_o charge_n be_v not_o half_a so_o much_o as_o it_o will_v cost_v another_o there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v consider_v these_o expense_n which_o they_o call_v spese_n segrete_a secret_a charge_n &_o no_o doubt_n be_v very_o great_a for_o that_o this_o prince_n make_v his_o way_n to_o many_o effect_n of_o much_o importance_n by_o money_n as_o nam_o in_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n where_o although_o the_o pope_n that_o now_o be_v be_v choose_v without_o the_o good_a will_n or_o rather_o quite_o against_o the_o desire_n of_o this_o prince_n &_o although_o the_o family_n aldobrandini_n be_v always_o a_o empeacher_n of_o the_o medicies_n greatness_n and_o though_o likewise_o the_o father_n of_o this_o prince_n execute_v the_o father_n of_o this_o pope_n and_o albeit_o last_o this_o pope_n desire_v nothing_o more_o then_o that_o by_o his_o mean_n his_o native_a country_n may_v recover_v her_o former_a liberty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o so_o strong_a be_v this_o prince_n faction_n in_o that_o college_n and_o so_o many_o his_o friend_n by_o mean_n of_o his_o money_n as_o he_o rest_v secure_v from_o any_o such_o danger_n the_o like_a intelligence_n it_o be_v say_v he_o have_v in_o the_o spanish_a court_n by_o present_n and_o pension_n to_o the_o infanta_n &_o other_o of_o the_o counsel_n so_o as_o by_o his_o money_n he_o be_v able_a to_o divert_v what_o purpose_n soever_o he_o have_v also_o at_o his_o maintenance_n secret_a espial_n in_o florence_n for_o his_o better_a security_n as_o not_o yet_o forget_v the_o treason_n of_o pucci_n in_o his_o brother_n day_n concern_v his_o coin_n there_o be_v the_o gold_n crown_n of_o eight_o liver_n coin_n the_o ducat_n of_o silver_n seven_o liver_n which_o be_v there_o call_v a_o piastra_n and_o so_o much_o must_v you_o value_v the_o ducat_n in_o all_o this_o discourse_n the_o half_a ducat_n the_o testone_n two_o liver_n the_o liver_n one_o giuglio_n &_o a_o half_a the_o giuglio_n which_o be_v sixpence_n sterling_a the_o half_a giuglio_n all_o these_o be_v of_o silver_n the_o crazia_n of_o brass_n with_o a_o surface_n of_o silver_n the_o value_n three-farthing_n sterling_a and_o lasty_a the_o quattrino_n which_o be_v the_o five_o part_n of_o a_o crazia_n there_o be_v also_o in_o time_n past_o the_o denaro_n the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o quattrino_fw-it whereof_o one_o hundred_o &_o threescore_o be_v sixpence_n sterling_a but_o now_o there_o be_v few_o of_o they_o to_o be_v see_v none_o to_o be_v pay_v they_o of_o the_o country_n will_v complain_v that_o now_o they_o have_v none_o but_o moneta_n grossa_fw-mi great_z money_n it_o be_v a_o good_a world_n say_v they_o when_o we_o may_v have_v change_v a_o quattrino_n into_o 4._o denari_fw-la &_o with_o these_o have_v buy_v herb_n vinegar_n oil_n &_o salt_n the_o 4._o substantial_a part_n of_o a_o salad_n &_o this_o the_o better_a part_n of_o a_o italian_a dinner_n whereas_o now_o it_o will_v cost_v they_o so_o many_o quattrini_fw-la a_o great_a alteration_n a_o gross_a sum_n as_o touch_v the_o manage_n of_o matter_n of_o state_n rule_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n and_o the_o dispose_n of_o office_n true_a it_o be_v that_o the_o great_a duke_n though_o all_o matter_n do_v absolute_o and_o plenary_o depend_v upon_o his_o will_n and_o pleasure_n yet_o notwithstanding_o he_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n have_v the_o judgement_n and_o counsel_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o pisa_n a_o man_n who_o for_o his_o dexterity_n of_o wit_n and_o experience_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n have_v purchase_v himself_o great_a credit_n and_o reputation_n with_o his_o prince_n next_o unto_o he_o he_o have_v other_o his_o courtier_n to_o who_o sometime_o he_o will_v communicate_v some_o cause_n but_o neither_o all_o nor_o always_o which_o cause_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v more_o absolute_a procure_v his_o counsel_n a_o more_o secret_a proceed_n give_v his_o action_n a_o more_o speedy_a dispatch_n and_o peradventure_o also_o a_o more_o happy_a issue_n so_o that_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v of_o this_o court_n that_o there_o be_v a_o counsel_n of_o state_n but_o that_o every_o thing_n immediate_o have_v his_o motive_n process_n and_o end_v of_o the_o prince_n will_v and_o pleasure_n concern_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n and_o election_n of_o officer_n justice._n it_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o that_o city_n when_o it_o be_v free_a the_o diverse_a magistrate_n and_o the_o manner_n of_o new_a choose_v they_o be_v this_o there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n the_o gran_fw-mi consiglio_n magistrate_n the_o seminary_n as_o it_o be_v out_o of_o which_o all_o other_o magistrate_n be_v choose_v of_o these_o some_o be_v elect_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n himself_o as_o the_o quaranâ—t_n '_o otto_n of_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o such_o in_o who_o his_o highness_n most_o affi_v of_o which_o number_n there_o must_v always_o be_v one_o at_o the_o least_o in_o any_o other_o of_o importance_n but_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o sei_fw-it consiglieri_fw-la must_v be_v all_o out_o of_o these_o forty_o eight_o and_o these_o also_o choose_v by_o the_o duke_n as_o likewise_o the_o dodeci_fw-la di_fw-it collegio_fw-la other_o officer_n be_v choose_v by_o ballot_n as_o the_o commissari_fw-la the_o proveditori_n the_o capitani_n vicari_n podestâ_fw-la and_o diverse_a other_o for_o all_o they_o that_o have_v office_n &_o place_n of_o command_n throughout_o this_o state_n of_o florence_n be_v gentleman_n of_o that_o city_n as_o they_o of_o the_o other_o be_v all_o gentleman_n of_o sienna_n there_o be_v also_o in_o florence_n the_o gl'otto_n di_fw-mi guardia_fw-la e_fw-la balia_fw-la guardia_n a_o office_n of_o great_a authority_n for_o these_o only_o give_v sentence_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o judge_v in_o criminal_a cause_n these_o have_v their_o place_n only_o four_o month_n in_o this_o office_n the_o prince_n have_v always_o a_o secretary_n a_o beneplacito_fw-la his_o name_n now_o in_o place_n be_v buoninsegni_n secretary_n who_o ever_o go_v to_o his_o hâ—ghnesse_n to_o inform_v he_o of_o the_o matter_n in_o the_o court_n before_o they_o be_v by_o the_o otto_n determine_v and_o this_o office_n have_v intelligence_n of_o all_o matter_n in_o all_o criminal_a court_n in_o the_o state_n by_o who_o the_o court_n have_v direction_n from_o the_o prince_n before_o they_o proceed_v to_o the_o judgement_n or_o execution_n of_o the_o malefactor_n a_o instance_n of_o this_o we_o have_v this_o january_n last_o pass_v english_a which_o i_o the_o rather_o remember_v to_o make_v know_v what_o care_v his_o highness_n have_v to_o give_v our_o country_n good_a satisfaction_n of_o who_o all_o english_a gentleman_n receive_v very_o gracious_a favour_n as_o to_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o presence_n at_o any_o veglia_n revel_n or_o other_o time_n of_o extraordinary_a sight_n also_o to_o have_v the_o privilege_n to_o wear_v arm_n and_o other_o such_o like_a a_o english_a gent'eman_n be_v by_o a_o base_a groom_n of_o the_o house_n where_o he_o lodge_v throw_v into_o the_o arno_n for_o the_o money_n he_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v in_o his_o lodging_n the_o offender_n upon_o suspicion_n be_v apprehend_v and_o receive_v the_o strappado_n diverse_a time_n and_o in_o the_o high_a degree_n notwithstanding_o persist_v obstinate_o in_o the_o denial_n the_o law_n be_v there_o that_o except_o he_o confess_v the_o fact_n he_o can_v be_v execute_v how_o pregnant_a so_o ever_o the_o presumption_n be_v against_o he_o insomuch_o it_o be_v think_v he_o shall_v have_v be_v discharge_v whereupon_o the_o court_n send_v to_o his_o highness_n for_o direction_n he_o return_v they_o order_n to_o use_v all_o manner_n of_o torment_n which_o possible_a or_o in_o any_o case_n that_o court_n can_v inflict_v and_o if_o yet_o he_o will_v not_o confess_v to_o torture_v he_o till_o he_o die_v according_a to_o this_o commission_n they_o give_v he_o the_o sueglia_n a_o kind_n of_o torture_n where_o have_v