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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A46281	A discourse of natural bathes, and mineral waters wherein, the original of fountains in general is declared, the nature and difference of minerals with examples of particular bathes, the generation of minerals in the earth, from whence both the actual heat of bathes, and their virtues proceed, by what means mineral waters are to be discover'd, and lastly, of the nature and uses of bathes, but especially of our bathes at Bathe, in Someerset-shire / by Edw. Jorden, Doctor in Physick.	Jorden, Edward, 1569-1632.; Guidott, Thomas, fl. 1698. Appendix concerning Bathe.	1669 (1669)	Wing J1074; ESTC R19762	134,265	263

Antiquities of Bath divided into three sorts an Enumeration and Explication of them Many read and understood otherwise than by Mr. Cambden Some Additions Roman Coins CHAP. V. Of the Nature and Virtues of the Baths BAthes of Bath much of the nature of the Thermae Aquenses in Germany Certain parallels between Bath and Akin Bladud and the Baths Vindicated CHAP. VI. Of the Baths in particular Here. OF the three Hotter Baths namely the Kings Queens and Hot Bath but chiefly of the Kings and in what distempers bathing therein is profitable CHAP. VII OF the Cross-Bath and its Virtues A BRIEF DISCOURSE OF BATH CHAP. I. Of the Antiquity of the Baths of Bath Genealogie of Bladud and Time when he lived Contemporary to the Próphet Elias These Baths not discovered by Julius Caesar Names of Bath Bathancester Hat Bathan Akmanchester 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aquae Solis Badiza Examin'd Brittish names Yr Ennaint Caer Badon Caet Palladdur Minerva Patroness of the Baths Minerva's Temple in Bath Nechams Verses I Shall not here Treat of the Antiquity and Nature of Baths in general nor put you in mind of the Pool of Bethesda or River of Jordan but intending a brief Discourse concerning Bath both as to the City and Hot waters there Shall without any further preface begin with the Waters afterwards proceed to the Antiquities of the City and last of all give a taste of the Nature and Virtues of the Baths That the Baths or Hot waters of Bath in Somerset-shire are of great Antiquity cannot be doubted by any one who hath in the least cast an eye on antient Records Many are the Opinions and Conjectures about the time of their discovery which I shall as briefly as I may examine And because there is very frequent mention made of King Bladud and the Prophet Elias the one as the Founder the other as being discovered in his time I think it may be for the satisfaction of some if I give a particular account who this Bladud was and upon what score the Prophet came to be concern'd in this business The substance of which I take out of a Latine Manuscript intituled Brutus Abbreviatus being an Epitome of a larger History not concerning my self much in the truth of the Relation but leaving it to the judgements of those that shall peruse it to determine of it as they shall think fit My rise I must take from Brutus who after the destruction of Troy is said to have come into this Island then called Albion about the year before our Saviours Nativity 1100. where finding none but Gigantick Inhabitants possessing the Hills and seeing a fruitful soil and full of delights was pleased one day to call his Company together to offer a solemn Sacrifice to Diana by whose guidance and direction he had lighted on so pleasant an Island But as they were all at Meat thirty mighty Giants came down upon them and in a short time slew as many of Brutus his men yet were all afterwards quell'd by Brutus and the surviving Company except one that was greater than the rest whose name was Gogmagog Now Brutus had a Companion related to him called Corineus who being not only like Saul from the shoulders upwards but from the waste higher than his Brethren was designed to undertake Gogmagog in which Combat Gogmagog brake two of Corineus his ribs who notwithstanding grasping the Giant in his arms wasted him along the Sea-side and threw him down a precipice where he was dashed in pieces whence that place now bears the name of Gogmagog's leap On this Corineus Brutus bestowed the adjacent Countrey which he after his own name called Cornwall For the first arrival of Brute Was at Totness in Devonshire so named quasi Tout en ease i. e. Totus in quiete from the great delight and recreations that place afforded Afterwards finding a more fruitful and noble place on the Thames built there a City 390 years before that of Rome which he called the City of New Troy in memory of that Troy whence he and his progeny came and having reigned here 20 years he dyed and was honourably buried at New Troy or Troia Nova now London Brutus had three Sons Loegrius or Lo●rinus Albanactus and Camber between whom he parted this Island viz. the Northern part to wit Scotland he gave to Albanactus the Southern part Wales to Camber and England to Loegrius After some time Humbardus King of Humlandia came into Scotland with a great Army and slew Albanactus which his two Brethren Locrinus and Camber hearing of came with a considerable force to find him out and coming upon him whilst he was making merry put him so to it that having no way to escape he drowned himself in the River Humler to which he gave name Humbardus had a daughter called Estrilda whom Locrinus having taken captive in a ship had a mind to make his wife although he was before married to Gwenthlea daughter to Corineus which accordingly he did and left Gwenthlea Gwenthlea being thus repudiated returned into Cornwall and as Heiress to her Fathers right took possession of all the places there and received homage from the Inhabitants and raising an Army in her own defence made war upon her Husband Locrinus cut off him with his Army and took Prisoners Estrilda and her daughter Avana and drowning them in the River Severn caused her self to be crowned Queen She had one Son by Locrinus named Mahan whom when he was of age she made King her self retiring into Cornwall died there and was interred with great pomp and magnificence Mahan the Son of Locrinus and Gwenthlea had two Sons Memprice and Manlinus who fell out about the Crown Manlinus treacherously slaying his elder Brother Memprice aspired to the Throne a wicked and lewd man who sharing with Cain in the sin of murdering his Brother partook also with him in his punishment in being a Vagabond dying wandring too and fro in the Woods and Deserts Ebranc the Son of Manlinus succeeded his Father and with great rejoycings was Crowned King a prudent and valiant man who conquered France and with treasure brought thence built the City Eboracus or York bearing his own name He built also the Castle called Maiden-Castle now Edenburgh By several Wives he had 23 Sons all slout and war-like Lords and his Daughters stately Ladies He reigned 60 years After the death of Ebranc the Government of the Kingdom was devolved on his Son Bentgrevestheld a wife man and good Souldier who built the Town Carlyle where after he had reigned 20 years he was buried In his time Solomon governed in Jerusalem to whom came the Queen of Sheba Sibilla by name to understand his wisdome and those things that were spoken of him Ludhudebras after the decease of his Father Bentgrevestheld built the City of Canterbury and Winchester and was buried at winton Bladut the Son of Ludhudebras was next in Succession a great Necromancer

Reigns and also because Gwenthlea or Guendoloena and Leill are said by other Historians to have Reigned 40 years viz. the former 15 the later 25 which are not there accounted for the surer way will be to take our account from the Year of the World Now Brute being reported to have entred Albion A.M. 2855 and Bladud to have begun his Reign A.M. 3100 the difference between these two numbers is 245 which being taken out of 1108 the year before Christ in which Brute came hither answering to the Year of the World 2855 the Remainder will be 863 the Year before Christ answering to the Year of the World 3100 so that according to this Computation Bladud began his Reign over the Britains just 863 years before Christ was born and Reigning 20 years died in the Year Ante Christum 843 I know Fabian the Author of Polychronicon and others differ somewhat in their Chronologie concerning Bladud from that I have given but I look on this to be as probable as any Alexander Necham a Poet of our own somewhat above 400 years ago with whom as to the Antiquity of the Bathes Dr. Jorden contents himself wrote these Verses on the Bathes BAthoniae Thermis vix praefero Virgillanas Confecto prosunt Balnea nostra seni prosunt Attritis Collisis Invalidisque Et quorum morbis frigida causa subest Praevenit humanum stabilis natura laborem Servit naturae legibus artis opus Igne suo succensa quibus data Balnea fervent AEnea subter aquas vasa latere putant Errorem figmenta solent inducere passim Sed quid Sulphureum novimus esse locum Which I thus made English BAthes Bains with Virgils I compare Usefull for antient folk they are Bruis'd weak consum'd as well as old And in al griefs whose source is cold Nature mans labour doth prevent And art again serves her intent There 's fire under-ground some say That thus makes Bathes great pots to play Fancy doth often Error breed But what from Brimstone these proceed CHAP. II. Of the Antiquity of the City of Bath and things relating thereunto Bathe called first Caer Blaeidin afterwards Caer Bathe When inhabited Coill and Edgar whose Statues stand at the end of the Council-house who and when they flourished Bathe besieged by the Saxons relieved by King Arthar Offa's Church Difference between the Mayor and Covent Hospitals Free-School The Author of the History of the Worthies of England censured and some of his mistakes discovered IT is not I think to be doubted but that the Bathes were before the City and gave Name to it Sick people in all probability that came hither for relief first making small Cottages for their Conveniences which were afterwards improved into fairer Buildings So that now in this particular there are few places in England that exceed it That this place was built or rather begun by King Bladud is the opinion of some and that he called it by his own Name Caer Blaeidin which sometime after came to be Caer Bathe That it was inhabited in the time of the Britains at least 50 years before Christ appears from the names they gave it of Caer Badon and Caer Palladdur of which before unless it be said that these Names might be given by some Britains in the Romans or Saxons time which seems not to carry any great probability Nay I find it recorded that in the year ante Christum 684. Sisillus or after some Writers Sylvius Brother of Gurgustus was made Ruler over Britain and reigning 49 years was buried at Caer Badon or Bath However many Roman Monuments there are Inscriptions and Images in the City walls and elsewhere of which Chap. 4. gives a particular Account which evidently prove its being frequented before the 412 year of Christs Incarnation about which time or as others account 430 the Roman Jurisdiction ceased in this Island The Statues also of Coill a British King and Edgar a Saxon who are said to have given Charters to this City placed at the end of the Town-Hall or Council-House are Arguments of its Antiquity Coill that I may speak somewhat briefly of him was an Earl in the time of Asclepiades whom the Britains after the death of Lucius being wearied out with a bloody intestine War which lasted more than 50 years were at last conftrained to elect their King about the year of Our Lord 250. Afterwards aspiring to be greater and building a Town which from himself he called Colchester Asclepiades began to fear him and raising an Army met him in the field in which Battle Aselepiades was slain and shortly after Coill chosen King who governed the Britains with a great deal of honour and having married his Daughter Helena to Constantius sent from Rome into Britain to demand Tribute not long after dyed and was buried at Colchester yet some there are who ascribe the building of this Town to Coilus Son of Marucis and Father of Lucius King of the Britains A. D. 126. Edgar one of the later Kings of the Saxons bestowed on this City as Mr. Cambden reports very many Immunities the memory of which thing even in his time the Citizens yearly with solemn playes did celebrate He was a stout man and is said to have had none like him on this side Arthur bearing this stile about the year 970. The Monarch of all Albion Or as it is elsewhere more largely express'd King of English-men and of all the Kings of the Islands of the British Ocean and all the Nations contained in Britain Emperour and Lord. A Souldier he was in the Camp of Cupid as well as Mars and is noted for this That having a mind to Estrilda the Wife of Athelwold he placed him as David did Uriah in the front of a Battel against the Danes in the defence of York where Athelwold being slain Edgar married his Widdow but was so severely check'd by Saint Dunstant that he ever after lived a religions life and having reigned 17 years bid adieu to the World and was buried at Glastonbury Edgar began his reign about the year of Christ 959. but was not Crowned till 12 years after A.D. 971. which was done according to some writers at Bath to others at Kingston by Dunstan Arch-Bishop of Canterbury who some say was banished at that time and Oswald Arch-Bishou of York his Coronation was deferred because of his impetuous inclinations to the female Sex and especially to one wilfride who to avoid the Kings Caresses took on her the habit of a Nun but in vain for he had his pleasure and got on her a daughter named Edith for which offence he was enjoyned seven years penance and lived not long after his Coronation About the year 472 or 44 years after their arrival here out of Germany the English Saxons besieged this City with whom King Arthur fought a great Battel on Mons Badonicus now called Bannesdowne and slew so many of them that they had

little heart to make any further attempt for a considerable time but left it to the quiet possession of the Britains Ninnius writeth that the 12 of King Arthur's Battels against the Saxons was at the Hill or Town of Bath where many a one was slain by his force and might Bath was also in the time of King Arthur by whom it was relieved besieged by Cheldericus King of Almain The story as mine Author relates it was thus Eodem rempore venit Cheldericus c. At the same time speaking of the reign of King Arthur came Cheldericus a valiant King out of Almaine and landed in Scotland with 500 Ships Arthur hearing of this at the siege of Colegrin near York left the siege and coming to London sent letters into Britain the less to King Hoel his Sisters Son who in a short time came into England with a great Army and was met by Arthur at winchester with great rejoycings These two going both to Nottingham which Cheldericus had besieged but not taken Arthur came upon him unawares and made a great slaughter among his men Cheldericus himself fied into a wood where Arthux finding him he swore that if he and his Souldiers were permitted to depart he would never more for the future trouble his Kingdom Arthur condescended hereto but the wind proving cross when they were on the Sea they came back again and landing at Totness did a great deal of mischief destroying the Countrey as far as Bath They of Bath shutting their Gates made a stout resistance but when this was known to Arthur then in the Marches of Scotland he came to the relief of Bath fought with Cheldericus and discomfited his Army c. yet in the year 577. On a strong siege and strong battery by the Saxons it yielded but afterwards grew into great repute and got a new name viz. Akmanchester Not long after the year 552. Ceaulmus King of the West Saxons fought with the Britains and took from them the Cities of Bath Gloucester and Worcester A. D. 676. Osbrich founded here a Nunnery and not long after Off a King of Mercia built a Church both which in the time of the Danish Wars were demolish'd out of the ruines of those two arose the Church of Saint Peter in which Edgar was Crowned as is mentioned before but of the Church more in its place This Offa was Brother to Oswald surnamed Christianissimus and is said to have spent much of his time at Bath Offa saith the Author of Brutus abbreviatus frater Oswaldi Iste Offa multum morabatur Bathoniae In the time of Edward the Confessor Bath flourished exceedingly the King having there 64 Burgers and 30 Burgers of others the City paying tribute according to 20 Hides which amounts to about 80 yard land In the reign of William Rufus Robert Mow-Cambden bray Nephew to the Bishop of Constance sack'd Br. p. 234. and burnt it The Industrious Mr. Prynne to whom I am obliged for some marginal Remarks in his Brevia Parliamentaria Rediviva and fourth part of a brief Register of Parliamentary Writs hath given an account of Citizens returned to serve in Parliament for this City ever since the 26th year of King Ed. 1. about A. D. 1298. It is also recorded that in the year 1418 in the time of H. 5. there arose a contest between the religious persons John Telyford Prior with his Covent and the Mayor about ringing of the Bells which lasted some years but was aftewards composed and brought to a good issue In Bath are three Hospitals it self indeed being but one great one St. Johns Bellots and the Bimburies sometimes called St. Katherines besides a Free-school erected as by the Inscription over the door it appears in the time of King Ed. 6. The Hospital of St. Johns was founded A. D. 1174. by Reginald fitz Joceline a Lumbard Bishop of Bath and Wells and afterwards translated to Canterbury but before he was possessed of his new honour died and was buried at Bath It was valued at the yearly Rent of 22 l. 19s 6d since which time its Revenues are much encreased he gave it this name as I suppose from St. Johns in the Savoy where he was consecrated Bishop after his return from beyond Sea by Richard Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Where by the way I cannot but take notice that this Hospital is said to be built by Joceline of Wells and Hugo Bishop of Lincolne in the late Account of the Worthies of England In which History besides the Confusion of Joceline de Wells with Reginald fitz Joceline the Author is guilty that I may say no worse of many mistakes To give an instance or two instead of a larger Catalogue that might be produc'd he affirms that Joceline of Wells was the first man that fixed on the title of Bishop of Bath and Wells and transmitted it to all his Successors when 't is manifest out of Bishop Godwins Catalogue of Bishops that Robert Bishop of Wells was the man the 18 th Bishop of that See and not Joceline who was the 21. He writes also which is a thing I confess of no great moment but yet a mistake that the famous Dr. Harvey was never married when his Wife is mentioned by himself And to instance in no more now because I would not digress too far he avers the same person though living a Batchellor to have left behind him three Children which he calls his three Books viz. De Sanguinis Circuitu De Generatione De Ovo whereas the Doctor that ever I could find who possibly have made as diligent a search after the writings of that modest ingenious and however the ignorance and envy of some have endeavoured to traduce him learned Physitian whose memory I deservedly respect and honour as any other can I say Dr. Harvey that ever I could understand never printed any thing besides his Treatise of the Circulation of the Blood and his Exercitations concerning the Generation of Animals the Historian making two Books of De Generatione de Ove when indeed they are but one I acknowledge he mentions many things intended for the publick as 1. Exercitations about Respiration of Animals 2. A Treatise of the Love lust and gendring of living Creatures 3. Of Nutrition 4. Medicinal Observations 5. Physiologia with some others wherein no doubt that excellent Person had made many rare and considerable discoveries which we are so happy now to enjoy but that any thing else save the two forementioned Treatises was permitted or any other Book De Ovo composed by Dr. Harvey besides that De Generations Animalium wherein he ingeniously observes the Primordium or first beginning of all living Creatures to be either an egg or something Analogical to it I should be very glad to be informed Bellots Hospital was built by Thomas Bellot Esquire one of the Executors of the Lord Cecill in the time of King James of whom we

more satisfactory account of the former than yet hath been given by any and for the later I shall not build on the hay and stubble of the talk and relations of persons byass'd and concern'd but on the solid basis of reason observation and experience In the mean time as I would not seem ridiculous to some treating too largely of what I have not yet made a clear inspection into so I would not be accounted absurd by others in wholly waving the principal part of my Subject To offer then a course bit to the eager appetite till time shall favour us with a better treat I conceive that the Baths of Bath come very neer the nature of the Aqueuses in Germany the knowledge of which may be a great help to the better understanding of our own I shall therefore out of the succinct but pithy discourse of these waters composed by the learned and Judicious Physitian Fran. Fabritius Ruremundanus sometime Physitian there take notice of some Parallels between that place and Bath in which besides many pretty remarkable Coincidences the nature of the Countrey and parts adjacent is in some measure discovered The first is that Histories relate that the Hot Waters there were found out by a Prince one Granus brother as t is said to Nero the Roman Emperor who first discovering these Baths among the mountains and woods built a Castle and dwelt there of which in the Authors time there was a monument standing called Turris Grani. Secondly That the City was called by the name of the Waters to wit Aquae Granis which some improperly call Aquisgranum Ab incolis Aquoe Grani appellatae sunt cum Thermae tum locus ipse deducto scil nomine ab Aquis Calidis Grano repertore mansitque appellatio postea Urbi nisi quod quidam non satis apte immuta inflexione Aquisgranum appellent The Inhabitants saith Ruremundanus call the Place as well as the Waters Aquae Grani by a name drawn from the Hot Waters and Granus the Founder which name afterwards the City had but that some not so properly changing the termination call it Aquisgran Thirdly That the City is sita in valle monlibus circumquaque cincta seated in a bottom and encompassed about with Hills That the Hills besides Wood for Fire and Timber contain Quarries of Stone for Building That cold Springs arise within without the City in great abundance That at some distance off is found Lead and a Bituminous Earth which mine Author calls Terra nigra foco culinaria aptissima That in the City are two Chief Bathes The one called the Kings the other the Cornelian In the Suburbs not far from the South Gate are more Hot springs called from the abundance of Hogs that are there about the Porcetan Bathes which being not so powerfull as the rest are less used And lastly that I may mention something that would be advantageous to both and both do want viz. a Navigable River which saies Rurem would compleat its happiness Nibil inquit ad faelicitatem deesse videtur quam Navigabilis Fluvius Now to give you the Counter-part of the parallel 'T is obvious to observe that to the first corresponds the History of King Bladud which seems not to be so fabulous as many men imagine For probably many Relations we have of persons and things and of those elder times when ignorance so much prevail'd and men had little subtilty in their actions and less politeness in their speech may have much of truth in them though they now seem odd and rediculous to us And I am apt to think that many old Realities do suffer much on no other account then to the temper and genius of those times Just as 't is reported of some old women in Lancashire that they go for Witches meerly because they look like such Not considering that a great deal less time then 2000 years hath made considerable alterations in the manners lives and customs of men And whereas King Bladud had the name of a Magitian I look upon it as a greater argument of his more then ordinary learning then note of reproach the wisest men in those times and long after to being reputed such and he recorded a wife and eloquent Philosopher and Mathematian accomplish't as the times then would bear with treasures of forrein and domestick knowledge having spent in Study as is reported besides many doubtless afterwards in his own Countrey eleven years in his Minority at Athens Of whom that you may receive a more particular account I shall not think much to give you the English of what J. Bate in his Book De Scriptoribus Anglicis writeth of him Bladud surnamed the Magician the 10th King of the Britains was sent in his Youth to the famous City of Athens in Greece there to be instructed in Philosophy and the Liberal Sciences And when he had there studied a certain time hearing of the death of Ludhudebras his Father he returned home again bringing with him four expert Masters in many Sciences not thinking it meet that his Countrey should lack any longer such singular ornaments of Learning as they were These Philosophers as Merlin writeth he placed at Stamford in a very pleasant Soyl and made Schools for them to the intent they should there read the liberal Sciences where they had many times a great Audiences He was a man very cunning and skilfull as well in Prophane Sciences of the Gentiles as in all Wisdom and Knowledge that the Graecians excelled in but especially studious and very well seen in the Mathematical Arts and Sciences whereupon one of the Sybils that lived in his time wrote and dedicated unto him a Book of Prophesies Some affirmed that the same Bladud built the City of Bathe and therein made by a wonderfull Art certain Hot Bathes for the use and commodity of the people which do yet remain to this day committing the Conservation thereof to the Goddess Minerva in whose honour be caused a Temple to be there erected to the intent that being preferred by so mighty a Goddess they should never fail but continue for ever they write also how that he read and taught Necromancy throughout all his Realm But these things I suppose are seigned matters To the second particular answers the Name of Bathe taken from the Waters For this Name as is noted before was given to the City some time after its foundation when the Hot Waters came into greater request being called first after the name of the Founder Caer Blaeidin To the third agrees the situation of Bathe being exactly the same To the fourth the Quarries of Stone upon Claverton Down Horse-comb c. To the fifth the Springs of Cornwall in Wallcot-fields Beechenclift c. To the sixth Timsbury Burnet and though the distance be somewhat greater Mendip-Hills To the seventh the Kings Bathe with its apperdage the Queens and Cross-Bath To the last the Horse-Bath without the South-Gate doth in some measure answer though