done 18. To kepe thy frendes 19. Of quycknesse in battayle 20. Of the arraye to be kepte 21. Of a lytle multitude in a cytie 22. Of the hope and trust of sedicion 23. What is to be done in tyme of peace 24. Of fayned rumours 25. Of the offyce of the capitayne 26. To knowe whether a citie is thy frende or no. 27. Of cōfidence assured hope in battayl 28 Of the situation of the citie to be searched and knowen by y e capitayne him selfe 29. Of libertie to be kept and encreased of all men 30. Of the doubtfull commyng of thyne enemyes 31. When the arraye of thyne ennemyes is troubled and out of ordre 32. Howe to make thyne Armye stronge and lustye 33. A pollicie to be vsed when thy men do for sake the. 34. To searche and boult out the counsayl of thyne enemyes 35. Of them that be besyeged 36. What is to be done whan two hostes do vexe and pursue the. 37. A crafte policie to take a cytye 38. A policie to encrease thyne armye wythoute great charges 39. Of an healthsome lawe to be made in the citye 40 Of excesse to ben eschewed 41. Of wantonnes to be cast of in welth 42. To throwe downe villages and castels vndefensed 43. Howe to pourchace frendes and to kepe the same 44. To abydesyege 45 Whan it is mete to fyght by eruption 46. To interclude y e passage of our enemyes by fyer 47. A policie to stoppe the flyeng of our ennemyes 48 Howe syege is to be layed to cities and castels and of them that be besyeged 49. To auoyde and escape traynes 50. Of hostages and pledges rather to be taken than to fyght in open battayle 51. To stoppe an hauen 52. To make hydde and false dyches to betraye thyne enemyes 53. To passe ouer a water wyth an army 54. To knowe whether thyne enemyes ben afrayde 55. To constrayne thyne ennemyes to fyght in open battayle and to come to handy strokes 56. A policie to flye 57. Whan thyne ennemyes snatche vp and destroye the laste warde 58. Of the notable falshod of the barbarouse people 59. When fewe muste make battayle wyth many 60 The offyce of the capitayne 61. To forbere holye thynges 62. Of the capytaynes liberalitye whan the battayle is wonne 63. Of reproche to ben eschewed 64. Of the capitayns offyce in ioynyng of y e battayle 65. Howe to entreate thyne enemyes the victorye obteyned 66. To kepe leage promysse of peace wyth our enemyes 67. Of the capitaynes office in accomplysshynge all thynges 68. Whan thyne enemyes armye prepareth passage ouer any water 69. Whan thy souldyours be astonysshed fearefull 70. Whan scarsitie of vytayles is amonge oure enemies 71. Battayle is not to be begonne but of necessitie and constraynte 72. To refrayne frō battayle before we haue deuised and layde our traynes 73. What is to be done that oure ennemyes maye be perswaded theyr capitayne to be slayne 74. To kepe whole and saufe territories and townes 75. That thyne armye is to be lodged kept in the marches of thyne enemyes 76. What is to be done whan in wynter we muste fyght 77 Of pleasures to ben eschewed of the capitayne and the hoste 78 To chose a place to fyghte in whan the sonne and the duste maye be noysome to thyne ennemyes and in theyr eyes 79 Of tyme not to be looste and vaynely spente 80. ◠Of good and euell doynges semblable to be rewarded as punyshed 81. What is to be done whē thy men be light and spedye 82. That examples do helpe to encowerage souldyours 83. That nothynge be done agaynst the capitayns commaundement 84. To restrayne thy souldiours somtyme 85 It is not tyme to fyght whan thyne enemyes doo despayre and be carelesse of theyr lyfe 86. What is to be done whan we mystruste oure souldyours to ben afrayde of the sowne of gonnes and noyse of them that wayle 87. What is to be done whan thyne ennemyes are moste parte archers 88. What is to be done before the syege of a citye 89. Of rasshenes to ben eschewed of a capitayne 90. A policie to take the fotemen 91. A policie to defeate and disapoynte the gunners that they stande in no steade and vse 92. Of the offyce of the capytayne ī ordryng the affayres of hys armye 93. To refrayne aswell from the empyre as from the treasures after y e victorye 95. To constrayne thy souldyers to fyght 96 To tame fyerce people 97. To dissemble retreate 98. Of exercyse 99. What is to be done whan our ennemyes be conquered 100 Whā fewe must fyght agaynst many 101 Whan thy souldyours must sleape 102. To brynge suspicion of treason emonge thyne enemyes 103. Of outewarde helpe that be suspiciouse warely to be receyued 104. Of discention to be aswaged and appeased 105. What tyme townes and cities may be despoyled and taken 106 Howe muche the presence of the graunde capitayne dothe profyt 107. Of the multitude of enemyes 108. Of our enemyes that be humble and tractable 109. ¶ Of daungerfulle and peryllouse battayle 110. It is mete for young men in theyr youth to practise martial feates 111. To encrease the noumbre of thyne ennemyes by a rumour 112 To preuent the wyles and traynes of a noble prince 113. Of them that haue longe heare and long berdes 114. Before we laye syege to cities good it is to possesse the vplande fyeldes 115. Of men wounded and kylled to be conueyed priuilye out of the way 116. Of the requestes of lowe and humble per sonages to be herde 117 To vse cruelnes in the begynnyng of the warres 118. Howe to kepe thy kyndome by boldenes and couragyousnes 119 Of chastitye in warre 120 Of cauillations to ben experiensed in ieo perdies by capitaynes 121. Of souldyers that do saye euyll by theyr capitayne 122. Wyth what thynges thy souldyours are to be encouraged 223. To pourchace the fauoure of a straunge countrey 124. A capytayne muste be liberall and therewyth praysynge the stoutenes of hys men 125. What is to be doone whan eruption is feared 126. What is to be done of the capitayn whā hys armye is in extreme peryll and dāger 127 Wyth what thynge the mynde of the cō mynaltye is gotten 128. Of the fashion to sende letters 129. Howe to allure thyne enemyes to slyppe awaye and fayle theyr capitaynes 130. Of the badgeys of the souldiours 131. Of kynges and other princes that kepe not theyr faythe 132. Of the vyle condition of the cōmon people 133. Of a certayne kynde of defence 134. Of the swetenes of aduauntage 135. Of a troublesome vnruly multitude 136 Of the dutye of a good capytayne 137. In a newe rendre 138. Of the punysshemente of the capytayne whyche forsaketh hys men 139 To abstayn from robbyng of tēples 140 To pursue thyne enemyes in y e chase 141. To dissemble retreate feare 142. What is to be done whan great ieoperdies ar to ben vndertaken 143. To abstayne from treason 144. Of
discention be styred amonge thy souldyours whyche oftentymes may happen for diuisions rysyng amōg thē my coūsayl is to set all thynges in quyet staye and brynge them agayne to concorde cōstrayne them by othes makynge to forget suche wronges and become good frendes and felowes agayne cōmaundyng also that from thenceforth they do not shewe anye token or remembraunce of that varyaunce in deede ne worde 106. ¶ what tyme townes and cities maye be despoyled and taken That capitayne is worthie to be hyghly praysed of hys owne men and greatly feared of his enemyes that by his wytte and conueyaunce goth about to take and despoyle townes without bloodsheddig of hys armye and endeuoureth by pollicie to conquere countries That capitayn shall euer haue his souldyours redye and at hande to ieoparde on thynges harde daungerous wherfore it becommeth a prouident capitayne to proue and assaye all thynges rather by conueyaunce and pollici then by force of armes For greater victoryes be wonne and gotten by pollicye then strength Therfore by nyght when rayne falleth cytyes and townes are to be taken and despoyled 107 ¶ Howe moche the presence of the graunde capitayne doeth profyte How necessary the presence of y e graūd capitayn is in the battayl al men whose wyttes be not on batfoulyng may clerelye perceyue and se For the souldyours yea and theyr capitaynes aswel for feare of shame as specyallye for the presence of the graunde capitayne wyll bestyrre thēselues moost valyauntly Manye also for trust of rewarde and chefely to purchasse the Emperours fauour attentyuely wyll exploite and furnysh all thynges Oftentymes also the battayle slowlye and cowardly foughten is renued and restored manfully by the presence of the graund capityne whych doeth not leaue anye feate or trayne vnprouyded encouragyng hys men now with me nacies and now with gentle and comfortable wordes By whyche meane the souldyours wyll contende one to passe an other in prowesse so that in the Emperours syght they maye do some thynge notable and prayse worthye Therfore nothynge worthie perpetuall memorie can be done yf the Emperour or graund capitayne be not at hand 108. ¶ Of the multitude of enemyes Yf it chaunce any great prince to be besette on euery parte wyth many enemies so that he is not able to beare theyr force and vyolence myne aduyse is that wyth some he do make a leage of frendshyppe and wyth other he do entreate of peace And so he shall escape and auoyde y e daungerfull destruction of his countrye For when so many go about to get thy kyngdome it is a lyght thyng to put of some of them eyther with great promyses or w t money chefely in this tyme whē mē do not stryue somoche for renoume as they do for ryches and all the world doth gape for golde and syluer 109. ¶ Of enemyes that be humble and treatable Somtyme for a lyght cause greate battayles be begonne amonge men wherfore yf they agaynste whome we make our preparaūce shewe them selues gētle and tractable it were not honeste on the other partye to shewe our selues vnmercyful For what can chaunce more shame full to any man in hys lyfe then to be noted and attached wyth tyrrāny What cā make vs more worthye to be lykened to the wylde beastes and also more doeth hurte the aduauncement of our renoume the encrease of our honour and the wele publike of our realmes then horryble tyrannie Wherfore suche crueltie ought to be eschued no lesse then the wylde beastes 109 ¶ Of daungerfull and peryllous battayles Greuous and daungerfull battayles do chaunce oftentymes amonge men For whych cause a sage capitayne ought to prouyde for all thynges with ernest labours and cheifely that he haue olde and beaten souldyours For they knowynge the vse of battayle doo not feare naked swordes ne yet for strypes no although they take many depe woundes they styfly wyl abyde and stande to all ieopardies for the kepyng of theyr old men Also they being practysed in warly knowledge can discerne what is profytable and what is not euer decreing this with them selues eyther to conquere and ouercome theyr enemyes or els manfullye to dye whyche is the trne token and argument of a noble herte and lustye blood 111 ¶ It is mete for yonge men in theyr youth to practyse martiall feates They whyche wyll become good and experte warriours ought in theyr youth dilygently to applye and folowe y e same For yf a yongeman wonte hym self quyely to bestryde and mount vpon his horse and lykewyse to lyght downe to takevp his horse with the spurres that he maye praunse trauerse and flyng wyth the heles then surelye he shall become a good warryour Let hym also practise to shote in hande gunnes and crossebowes to cast dartes and chargegunnes to cary swerd and tergate and somtyme with his marrowes to raunge lyke a man of armes to resemble a battayle ✚ that when he commeth to mans stature greate experyence shall shyne and appeare in hym To such one all labours whyche be to other men intollerable be lyght easye as to lodge on the earth to suffre famyne and abyde all other mooste sowre and trauaylous paynes Wherfore it is greate profyte to brynge vp youth in suche exercyse to harden them in greater thynges 112 ¶ To encrease the nombre of thyne enemyes by a rumour When a rumoure is sparpled that a myghtye hoste of men commeth agaynst the augment the same rumoure amonge thy souldyours affyrmynge the same to be true by the reporte and acknowledgig of thyne outryders Therby thou mayest be assured with what stomacke and herte they wyll buckle and bende them selues to withstande and receyue such an huge nombre of enemyes yf the nombre were so great in dede When they shal come to fyght and se the shewe to be abated and diminisshed forthwyth they wyll gather theyr hertes with moche more force and vyolence whych before doubtyng of the victorye now as victours wyll boldelye fyght steppynge forwarde wyth cherefull courage to whome nothynge is ieoperdsome agaynste theyr conceipt and opinion of the victorie 113 ¶ To preuent the wylies and traynes of a nobler prince When thou doest feare and not wythout a cause the trappes and deceiptes of some noble man leste that he wyll come vpō the sodaynly and bereft y e of thy kyngdome dispoyle thy cyties and townes and thruste thy lyue It is not the worste in preuentynge hym to waste hys kyngdome spoyle hys cyties and ymagyn his death And so suche traynes which were prouyded for the thou shalte vse to ouerthrowe and disceyue hym and shalt catch hym in the same nettes and snares that were layde and sette for the. For God his lawes the lawe of man and nature suffre well this that a man maye turne that to the vndoinge of other men whyche they layed for hym 114. ¶ Of them that haue longe heere and longe beerdes Men in some countryes vse longe berdes and longe heere whyche in battayle be troublesome
and vnprofytable For they be good stayes to holde a man hard and fast Wherfore it shalbe good to clap them shorte For lytle thynges somtymes do moche hurte And in suche case al thynges whyche be hurtfull to vs and profytable to our faes are to be put awaye and not vsed 115. ¶ Before we laye siege to cytyes good it is to possesse the vplande fieldes It is not best to laye siege to any cyties before that we haue brought the whole demeanes of the cytye into our handes For yf the citizins kepe parte of theyr feldes in theyr possessyon harde it shalbe to get them without the great losse of tyme. When other cyties in that tyme mought haue ben subdued Whych pollicie y e women called Amazones being of a manlye spyrite and bolde stomake dyd put in vre whych wolde neuer assaulte any citie before that the y had taken the vplande villages 116. ¶ Of men wounded and kylled to be conueyed priuily out of the waye Men wounded and kylled do moche bolden thyne enemyes and therwith cast downe the hertes of thyne owne men Wherfore the capitayne must diligentlye prouyde that he conuey away and sente hys flayne men with those that be wounded to some out place aswell vnwares to hys enemyes as also to hys owne host For Philip of Macedon was moch hyndred therby wheÌ„ he left y e slayne men in y e sight of his owne army and ther w t plainly to be viewed of the outryders of y e Romaynes wherby the host conceyued suche a feare when they sawe the wyde dennes and deyntes of the woundes of theyr felowes that they had rather suffre anye distresse thaÌ„ to haue any mo bickerynges wyth the Romaynes In this thynge the kynge was blamed for hys ygnoraunce whyche after he dyd acknowledge The Turkes that beÌ„ in these dayes men most expert in warre know this pollicy which do burne theyr slayne men lest their own men shulde haue any discomforte or their enemyes any courage therof 117 ¶ Of the requestes of lowe and humble peronages to be herd A mercyfull capitayne ought not to dis dayne the prayers and peticions of huÌ„ble personages but gentlye to hearken theyr behestes and desires For what is somoch prayse worthye in a capitayne as lowlynesse and humanitie wherby he shal purchase both the fauour of hys owne men and also of hys enemyes Scipio Africanus warryng in Spayne agaynst the Carthaginenses subdued more by hys vnspekeable huÌ„blenesse then by y e sworde Also the vnprocheable humanitie of Cesar dyd moche more lyfte vp and auaunce hys renoume then all his noble actes dyd make hym wonderfull and merueyled at of all the worlde Embrace therfore and folowe gentlenesse which is the lodge of manhode 118 ¶ To vse cruelnesse in the begynnyng of the warres It is not vnhonest in the begynnyng of thy warres to vse crueltie whyche is the verye cause that cytyes and townes well defenced many tymes be yelded vp whych yf they had not feared suche crueltye wolde haue taryed tryed the doubt full chaunce of warre whereby moche hinderaunce mought haue chaunced and ensued to the capitayne and his Armye This pollicye the wyse Romayne capytayn Metellus vsed agaynst Iugurth in Numidia But why speake I of Metellê° when all wyse capitaynes vsed this pollicye and wyll vse it so longe as they be in deedly warres 119. ¶ How to kepe thy kyngdome by boldnesse and couragyousnesse Brefelye we haue tolde in our boke of the gouernement of an empyre howe kyngdomes ought to be guyded But now I wyll recyte one reason not vnprofytable bycause it happeneth oftentymes kyngdome to be ruled by lineall discent of heyres and bycause yongemen which be tendre of age sometyme doo possesse the royall authoritie and themperiall estate whych for theyr youth sake ben assaulted of theyr neyghbours nygh ioynyng and borderynge on them Therfore my counsayle is at the begynnyng of theyr gouernaunce to shewe them selues sterne and stoute of mynde therby to encourage the hertes of theyr subiectes and put theyr enemyes in feare That thyng was well perceyued of Alexandre of Macedon conquerour of all the worlde which beynge yonge and tendre of age takynge the empyre of Philip kept it agaynst them that rebelled by hys lusty courage braggyng porte and greatnesse of mynde although he was otherwayes enfourmed of hys counsaylours 120. ¶ Of chastitie in warre Chastitie of all wysemen is hyghlye praysed without whych no man is worthye to be called or to haue the name of a capitayne For how can he well guyde other men that is ruled and led by pleasures and lustes which be to man moost enuyfull foes Therfore lette suche capitaynes folowe Alexander the moost dradde kynge of Macedon whych not onlye abstayned from the steshlye pleasure of the beautyfull doughters of the kyng of Persia but also from the syght of them Also Scipio Africanus the luckie Emperour of the Romaynes for his moost passyng chastitie deserued euerlyuing name And also this worde Castra whiche we call an armye hath his signification bycause men there shoulde lyue chaste I wyll not speake of the sclaundre whyche therby capitaynes do gette but do you loke on the profytes Doeth not lecherye make feble and weaken the strength murther the wytte hurte the memorie dasel blynde the syght and perysh the hearyng which all howe necessarye they be in battayle and els where iudge you 121 ¶ Of cauillations to be experiensed in ieopardyes by capitaynes Wyse capitaynes are wonte in great ieopardyes to vse cauillations to delyuer theyr souldyours out of care For in so doinge they appeare lytle to regarde that thynge whyche theyr men chefelye feare Wherfore the souldyours in suche case cast away al feare through the brag and confidence of the capitayne plucke vp theyr herte and courage Anniball of Carthage what tyme he rose in battayle agaynst the Romaynes in Italie vsed cauellations Alexandre of Macedon vsed also suche tryfelynges in the greate battayles with the king of Persia For wheÌ„ his frende asked of him why in so ieoperd some a battayle he went to slepe he gaue hym this answere merely Dost thou not know y t we haue ouercoÌ„meÌ„ our enemies whych saying was blowen throughoute all the host wherby they conceyued sure trust of the victorie 123. ¶ Of souldyours that do saye yll by theyr capitayne It chaunceth oftentymes the souldyours yea those that be valyaunte warryours to speake yll and backbyte theyr capytayne when they be not taken and rewarded as they deserue by their doinges But yet the capitayne must take no dyspleasure therwyth but rather shewe hym selfe liberall and gentle that afterwarde they maye the more wyllynglye followe hym at nede then any other Yea gladly to runne through fyre and water wyth hym yf the cause shall requyre Therfore a forecastynge capytayne wyll not cast of hys stronge souldyours for lyghte causes and tryffelles but rather by all meanes he wolde entertayne and entreate them gentlye 123. ¶ Wyth what thynges thy
brydge But before that tyme farre from the campe of thyne enemyes aboue or beneth thou muste lye in embushment a bande of good warryours couertly which must come on thyne enemyes priuilye at theyr backes and lokyng for no suche thyng when they go about to stoppe and lette thy passage And this is the best pollicye to carye thyne armye ouer any water 159. ¶ The comfortable wordes of the capitayne when hys souldyours be in dispayre when thy souldyonrs do despayre eyther of the victorie or of theyr iourneye A stoute capitayne wyll not ceasse dylygētly to cōfort them wherby y t heuynesse and feare maye be plucked oute of theyr myndes and they more prest and readye eyther to fyght or to go on theyr iourney 160 ¶ Of thy souldiours worshypfully to be buryed Yf it happen thy souldyours to be slayne thou shalt swage and appeace the angrye hertes of the rest yf the deed bodyes be brought worshipfully to burying whereby they shall se by the funeralles that thou purpossed not theyr death and destruction but y e prayse of that battayle and victorie wherby they can not but loue and honour so gentle and mercyfull a capitayne that is of suche pytie then which nothynge is more prayse worthye ne yet draweth soner the myndes of men moost marueylously and enterelye to loue hym 161 ¶ When the power of thyne enemyes is moche stronger what thynge is to be done Yf thyne enemyes preuayle both in nō bre and puisaunce of men by no meanes do thou come to hande grypes ne yet appoynt the to fyght hande to hande ne yet do thou gyue battayle in pyght fielde Neuerthelesse do thou not suffre them to lye quyet but nyght and daye assayle thē busyly wyth some pyked souldyours makynge roodes and assaultes vnto theyr pale continually renewyng skyrmyshies wyth them euer shonnynge ioyned battayle Myne aduyse also is when thyne enmyes be very many on the lande then to take the see where thou shalte eyther gette the better or els lose nothynge 162. ¶ Of hostages Receyue hostages and pledges of great men from any countrie or cytie which eyther be sent frelye or by constraynte and chefelye where there is any feare of false dealyng and vntrustynesse whyche be the surest and moost fast bande of theyr loyaltie and faith For the great loue which they haue to the pledges wyl make them to stande to theyr promysse 163. ¶ To stynt the weapynges and skrykes of women The sorowful weapynges of women within the cytie wyth diligence are to be stopped and stylled For suche owtecryes and waylefull lamentation of women lette the souldiours that they cannot take anye counsayle of thynges to be doone in suche vprore and wepynges 164. ¶ To hyde and couer the slaughter A skylful capitayn wyl beare in minde to kepe close and layne to his power frō the reste of hys Armye the slaughter of hys men and tourne all to the best wyth gentle wordes burnynge them in the night priuyly and vnwares to his army therwyth sendyng those that be wounded and maymed to the cyties thereby which be frendfull to hym sparyng nothynge y t they maye be healed and may haue theyr strength restored And those men whych be nowe hardened he shall haue in other battayles forwarde and redye to ieoperd them selues moost boldlye at the request of so gentle a capitayne 165. ¶ To pacify a stronge and valiaunt warryour which is displeased If it chaunce any of thy valiaunt souldyours to be wrongfully vsed or suffre any rebukefull reproche and therwyth to be displeased it is expedyent wyth fayre wordes to asswage hys angre lest as he hath ben valiaunt and wytty on thy part so styrred by displeasure and vnkyndnes worke moche hurte and harme agaynste the. 166. ¶ Wagies are not to be craued when the treasures be spent and wasted The dutie of a faythfull capitayne is and also of the souldyours when they shall perceyue the treasure to be wasted to surcesse and not to desyre theyr wages For so doing they go about and endeuour them selues to betraye theyr lorde Wher fore they must leaue for a tyme to call for theyr moneye yf they couette and hunte to haue the fauour of theyr prince 167. ¶ To passe by lytle thynges that be harde Lytle thynges euen as great thynges whyche be harde are to be passed by For the charges be lyke the praye vnlyke wherfore good it is to passe by such places where great labours with expenses must of necessitie be taken and the profyt therof is lytle or none 168. ¶ what is to be done of the chiefe capitaynes Many thynges there be whiche are not to be taken in hande but after that y e enterpryse is begon and the assiege attempted by no meanes they must be leafte of The profe of whiche thynge is playne by the wyse Romaine Emperours whyche besieged the cytie Capua and ouercame it tarying there so toughly that they left the defence of theyr owne countrye to destroye and vanquish it Also the huge host of Annibal coulde not plucke them away although they wer brought to vttermost despayre yet nothynge doubtyng ne weryed wyth any labours wolde not gyue ouer thassaulte but constauntly continuyng dyd brynge home a famous victorie with immortall renoume 169. ¶ To kepe the possessyon of the thyng ones gotten Yf thou haue gotten cities or countries by any meanes do not leue ne giue them ouer but kepe them with all diligence For greater reproch it is to lose lytle thin ges then at all not tohaue wonne them Also harde it is to wynne and destroye countryes Wherfore it were no poynt of wyttynesse vnaduysedly to redelyuer vp that whiche wyth so greate labours and charges was gotten 170. ¶ Of the nature and condition of the common people The condition of the base and rude people is piuysh and mutable eyther wilye and boundely to serue or elles after a proude and haulte demeanours to be are rule Wherfore the multitude neuer iustly ne egally can beare rule and offyce thorough theyr arrogaunte stubburne and stately conditions whyche vse all kynde of crueltie temperyng and measuryng all thynges by theyr fancye and not by reason Therfore no kyngdome longe can stande guyded and gouerned by the commeners and vnskylfull people 171 ¶ Of a multitude of gunners and crossebowe shoters When for the multitude of gunners and other shoters in crossebowes the soul dyours can not stande saulfely on y e walles myne aduyse is to make holes and so disturbe thyne enemyes with arrowes and dartes 172 ¶ What is to be done when the walles be beaten downe It happeneth oftentymes the walles of cyties to be shaken and beaten downe wyth gunnes that deuilysh instrument then bulworkes wyth all spede to kepe backe our enemyes must be made wyth turrettes of wood and ouerthwarde trenches fylled vp with sharpe pyles wherby thassiege on that part may be more harde through the stronge munimentes then it was before 173. ¶ What is to be done in the slackyng of cities