Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	bring_v	year_n	youth_n	59	3	7.3542	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65095	A pleasant and compendious history of the first inventers and instituters of the most famous arts, misteries, laws, customs and manners in the whole world together with many other rarities and remarkable things rarely known, and never before made publick : to which is added, several curious inventions, peculierly attributed to England & English-men, the whole work alphabetically digested and very helpful to the readers of history.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1686 (1686)	Wing V598; ESTC R21854	60,337	192

them with Reeds Boughs or Fen-sedges Thus in process of time they came to the Art of Building which as Diodorus saith is ascribed to Pallas But we are rather to believe that either Cain or Jubal the Son of Lamech found out this Art Bells came first from the Hebrews where the High Priest or Bishop had in the skirts of his uppermost Vestments little Bells to Ring when he was in the Holy place within the Vaile Banquets and delicate Dishes were begun in Jonia and after that Gluttonous custome was taken up in other Countreys though that there were Laws made in Lacedemonia by Lycurgus and in Rome by Faunius for the abolishing of such excessive Feasting But I could wish there were some good Law prescribed for good Hospitality For I believe there was never so little as is in these times Baths of which those that were hot were used first privately of all men according to their degree and ability for the preservation of their Health but in process of time they builded common Baths and Hot-houses for to Sweat in and the Noble did Bath and Wash with the Common and at last men and women were permitted most Laciviously to Bath together Most notable Baths were they that Agrippa Nero Titus Vespasian with other Emporours made as Julius Capitolinus writeth they were great and most gorgeously dressed with several places of Pleasure to maintain excessive Riot for all sorts of people Bondage or Slavery I find that it began amongst the Hebrews and had its Original proceeding of Canaan the Son of Cham who because he had Laughed his Father Noah to scorn as he lay dissolately when he was Drunk was punished in his Son Canaan with Bondage and Thraldome The order of Manumission in old time was in this manner The Lord or Master took the Bondman by the head or some other part of his Body saying I will this Fellow be-free and so dismissed him Pliny was of opinion that Bondage began in Lacedemonia Barthers to shave and round were instituted by the Abantos because their Enemies in War should have no occasion to pluck them by the Hair P. Ticinius Mena brought them into Rome the 354th year after the Building of the City before they were unshaven C COIN of what Mettle soever it was made as appears by Josephus is very ancient and Cain the Son of Adam was very covetous in gathering together Money Herodotus affirmeth that the Lydians first Coined Silver and Gold to buy and sell with For before the Seige of Troy as Homer sings men used to change one Commodity for another Yet in the time of Abraham there was Money currant for he bougt the Cave to Bury his Wife Sarah of the Hittite Ephron for 40 Shekels of Silver which was before the Seige of Troy many years The Carpenters Art as Pliny writeth was first invented by Daedalus with these following Tools the Saw the Axe and Plumline whereby the evenness of the squares are tryed the Augore or Wimble the Square the Line the Shaving-Plain the Pricker or Punch were devised by Theodore a Samian Ovid writeth that Talus Daedalus Sisters Son invented the Compass and Fashioned the Saw in imitation of the Back-bone of a Fish but Daedalus envying that a Boy being his Apprentice should excell his Master cast him down out of a Tower as Ovid writes and slew him Pythagoras a Samian devised another manner of Rule then this that we commonly use fit for all manner of Buildings as Victrnuius declaireth in his 9th Book of Archetecture Though in my judgment the invention of this Art ought rather to be referred either to the Hebrews which used such Arts before Daedalus time and more especially in the curious Building of the Tabernacle or else to the Tyrians who were reputed in this mistery to have excelled the Hebrews For which cause Solomon wrote to the King of Tyre for Work-men to Build the Temple The Common-wealths administration was after three several ways as Plato divideth it Monarchy where one Ruleth Aristocracy where the most eminent Persons Govern Democracy or Popular State where the common People have a stroke in Ruling of the Publick-weale Principality or Regal Government was first begun by the Aegyptians who could not long subsist without a King or head Ruler There Reigned first as Herodotus writes Menes and their manner was to choose him amongst the Priests of their Religion and if it Fortuned that any stranger obtained the Relme by conquest he was compelled to be consecrated a Priest and so was the Election Legitimate when he was King and Priest The Diadem which was the token of the Honour Royal had its first institution from Libes Bacchus The Athenians ordained the state of a Common-wealth that was Governed by the whole Commons as Pliny writes although they also had Kings whereof Decrops Diphyes which Reigned in Moses time was the first For as Justine writes every City and Nation had at the first a King for their chief Governour which attained to that dignity by no Ambition or Favour but by his singular desert As concerning the institution of the Common-wealth where the Commons bear the sway I suppose it began amongst the Hebrews who were Ruled by a popular State many years before that Athens was Built Councils the custome of assembling of them to take deliberation of things doubtful or of serious Affairs are of great Antiquity as well amongst the Hebrews as other Nations They either called for Humane or Divine Affairs for the latter by such a manner of Council Matthias surrogated and substituted in the Stead of Judas into the number of the Apostles And by Council holden at Jerusalem the Apostiles discharged the Gentiles of Moses Law Cornelius was the first that called together any Council and that was in Rome of 600 Bishops and as many Priests with a great multitude of Deacons Charms or the manner of the driving Evil Spirits out of Persons that were possessed with them King Solomon taught as Josephus witnesseth and he saw it done by Eleazar in his time before Vespation the then Emperour writ the manner of Healing them Consuls in Rome took their beginning from the Banishment of Tarquinius for the horrid Crime and notorious Rape of Lucretia committed by his Son Junius Brutus and Lucius Targuinius Collatinus were the two first that had the Name and Title of Consuls of the consultation and the provision that they made for the Common-wealth They rul'd the Empire conducted Armies and by these Officers because they were annual the year was counted The Chattering of Birds was first observed by Caras The Divinations by looking on their Feeding was devised by Theresius a Theban and Pythagoras understood the mistery of their flights Chrystal is a stone that is congealed of pure Waters not with cold but by a power of Divine heat whereby it doth retain its hardness and never giveth again or melteth but receiveth divers colours this is the opinion of Diodorus But Pliny supposeth that it

proceedeth from the Ice extreamly frozen who first found it out is unknown Crowns or Garlands Moses made many of them and he was many years before Bacchus of whom Pliny writes that he did invent and wear the first Garland made of Ivy on his Head and afterwards it grew to be a custome that when they Sacrificed to any of their Gods they were to be Crowned with a Garland so was the oblation also At the first the manner was in all Plays and Sacrifices to make Garlands of Boughs of Trees And after they were garnished with variety of flowers among the Siconians by Pausias and Gliceria his Lemman not long after Winter Garlands that he called Aegyptian which were made of Wood or Ivory died with many colours began to be worne And in process of time they made Crowns of Brazen plates guilt or covered with Silver called for their thinness Garlands Lastly Craesus the rich did first set forth in his Game shews or Crowns with Silver or Golden Leaves and consequently there were invented several sorts of Crowns as the Triumphant Crown that the Emperour or grand Commander ware in his Triumph this was first made of Olive and afterwards of Gold The Murall and Wall Crown that was given to him that first scaled the Walls The Camp Crown that was the reward of him that first adventured Valiantly into the Camp of his Enimies The Navall or Sea Crown that was set on his Head that first Boarded his Enimies Ship And all these were of Gold The Obsidional Crown that was worn of him that delivered a City Beseiged it was composed of Grass There was also a Civill Crown which was a Sovereignty which a Citizen gave to him that had valiantly preserved him from his Enemies this was made of Oken Branches And this manner of Crown the Athenians did first devise and gave it to Pericles There were moreover Crowns of Pearls French Crowns and Garlands composed of the Ears of Corn which as Pliny writeth were first in use amongst the Romans Garlands made of Cinnamon Woven and Embossed with Gold Vespasian did first consecrate in the Capitoll in the Temple of Peace In some space of time the excess of Crowns grew to be such that the Grecians in their Banquets Crowned both their Heads and their Cups also whereof the Jonians were Authors Pliny writes that with one of these sorts of Crowns Cleopatria empoisoned Antonie And Artaxerxes is also said to have used Crowns of Garlands in his Feasts Citties the occasion of Building of them is thus reported For when men as is said before had gathered themselves into several Cottages they lived in distinct Houses which made them begin to think of gathering wealth for the support of their Families But seeing themselves daily robed and spoil'd by those that were stronger they were forced to joyn themselves together in a Company and to dwell within a certain compass of ground which they either Walled or Trenched about Afterwards it is said that Cecrops built Athens and by his own name called it Cecrepia Phoroneus built Argos though the Aegyptians affirm that Diopspolis was long before Trason first made Walls and Towers But Josephus says that Cain was the first that built a City and called it Enochia after the name of his Son Enoch and after the dayes of Noah by the advice of Nimrod there were certain men that built a very high Tower which was called Babel Tents were invented by Jabal the Son of Lamech Among the Phenicians they were found out by Seculus Houses of Clay were first invented by Doxins the Son of Gellius who took his example from the Swallows Nests Brick building was invented by Eurialus and Hyperbolus brethren at Athens though others attribute it to Resta the Daughter of Saturn Tile and Slate were the invention of Synarus of Agriopa in the Isle of Cyprus Quarries were invented by Cadmus in Thebes But the invention of such Arts is more fitly thought to be referred to Cain or the posterity of Seth who made two pillars one of Brick the other of Stone Notwithstanding 't is not denyed but those aforesaid Persons began their inventions in the Countries where they lived Marble was used in building by the Nobility of Rome for to shew the costly magnificence so that Scaurus being a publick Officer in Rome caused 360 Marble Pillars to be carried for the making of one Stage whereon an Enterlude was to be plaid Lucius Crassus was the first that had Pillars of Marble Lepidus made the Gates of his House of Numidian Marble In Graving Marble Dipoenus Scilus was the first that flourished before the Reign of King Cyrus in Persia D DICTATOR or great Master in Rome Largius was Created the first which Office was of the highest in Authority and as Dionisius believeth it was taken out of the Greeks amongst whom Elymnetae had the same power that the Dictator had in Rome T. Livius referred the Original of them to the Albanes and the Carthaginians had also their Dictators This Magistrate was never used saving in great dangers of the Common-wealth and it continued but six Months during that power all other Magistrates were Abrogated except the Tribunate or the Frovostship of the Commons The Consuls duty was to name and proclaim him and that no time but in the Night The Decemviri or the Rule of ten men endured amongst the Romans but for three years by reason of the outragious Lust of Appius Claudius against the Maid Virginea they were deposed and Consuls whom we have formerly mentioned supplyed their room in the 310 year of the City in their place instead of Consuls were chosen Marshals or Provosts of Armies whom they named Tribunus Aulus Sempronius Attacinus L Attilius Longus and T. Cecilius Siculus Democracie began in Rome when the Authority of the Commons became daily more Seditious and confedracies encreased in such a manner that C. Cunues so brought it about and ordered it that the Commonality Married with the Nobility and the Tribunes by their earnest instance and suit caused that the high Officers were permitted to them of the common sort At the year 355 of the building of the Citty P. Licinus Caluus was made Tribune of the Armie the 389th year L. Sextus Lateranus attained the Consulship the 399th year Cains Marcus Lateranus was created Dictator From this manner of Government it was by Sylla and Marius brought to one Ruler or Prince again thus hath Rome had all kinds of Administration of the Common-wealth Divination is reckoned to be of two sorts the one Natural the other Artificial Natural is that which is occasioned by a natural commotion or stirring of the mind which happens sometimes to men when they are asleep sometimes by a kind of fury or rapture of the mind as it was with the Sybils of the same nature were the oracles of Appollo and Jupiter Hammon Artificial those which proceed from conjectures old considerations and observance of the entrails of Beasts flying of Birds

Poets Rhetoricians disputations of Phylosophers The manner was there to proclaim Wars and enter Leagues of Peace the reward of the Victor was a Garland of Olives The second Shews were those called Pythia which were in honour of Apollo in memorial of his vanquishing of the great Dragon Pytho that was sent by Juno to persecute his Mother Latona The third Game was the Isthiny devised by Theseus in the worship of his Father Neptune environed with a dark Wood of Birch Trees they that won the Victory had a Garland of Pine Tree The fourth was the Nemei named of the Forrest of Nemea This Feast those of Argos kept solemnly in reverence of Hercules that slew the mighty Lyon whose Skin he wore for a Coat of Armour Pyrrhus Dance was a Dance that the Lacedemonians practised with Youth as soon as they came to be five years of Age as a prepairation to greater affairs in War It was first instituted in Creet by one of the Sybills Priests they Danced in Armour and with Weapons on Horse-back Naked Games were invented by Lycaon Funeral Playes by Acastus Wrestling by Merany Dice Tables Tennis and Cards were found out by the Lidians a people in Asia and began neither for Gain nor Pleasure but for the good of the Common-wealth For there being a very great Dearth and want of Provision in the Countrey so that the people having not enough to supply their necessities were forced one day to take their Meat moderately and another day by course they applyed themselves to such sports to drive away the tediousness of the Famine Chesse was invented in the year 3635 by a certain wise Man named Xerxes to shew to a Tyrant that Majesty and Authority without strength and assistance without the help of Men and Subjects was casuall to many calamities There is a Game also that is play'd with the Postem-bone of the hinder Foot of a Sheep Goat Fallow or a Red Dear it hath four chances the Ace-point and he that cast that laid down a Penny or as much as was concluded by the Gamesters the other side was called Vetus and he that threw it won Six or as much as was laid down before the other two sides were called Chius and Senio he that threw Chius was three and he that threw Senior was four Some ascribe the finding out of Cards and Chessa to Palamades H HERBS doubtless Nature the Mother and Governess of all things as saith a Learned Author did produce Herbs as may appear by many examples partly for the delection and partly for the health and preservations of Men's Bodies Axanthus an Histiographer as Pliny recordeth writes how a Dragon revived his young Faun that was slain by vertue of an Herb called Balin and the Hechewall t is reported of her if a Wedge be driven into the hole of her Nest for she maketh her Nest in the hollow or hole of a Tree that she worketh with her Beake till she makes it fall out with an Herb that she geteth for that purpose t is not to be disputed but that some of the Indians at this day live only by Herbs Appianus writeth that the Parthians which Anthony put to flight constrained by extream Famine they chanced to eat a certain Herb whose nature was to make them that eat it to forget all other things and only to dig up stones as if they would do some great matters but after some extream Labour they dyed Though we acknowledge an inexpressible virtue to be in Herbs not to discourse further of such strange or wonderful stories we shall only express that most Authors agree that Chyron Son to Saturnus was the first inventer of such Medicines as were made with Herbs The Hebrew Letters which are now in use according to St. Hierom's opinion were invented and devised by Esdras For before that time the Hebrews and the Samant's used all one Characters The Harp It is said to have been found by Mercury who as he walked by the River Nylus after an Ebb he found a Tortoise all withered and nothing remaining but the Sinnews which as he fortuned to strike on them made a certain sound after the form of which he fashioned a Harp and according to the three times of the years Summer Winter and Spring he put to it three strings a Treble a Base and a Mean This Instrument he gave to Appollo and Appollo delivered it to Orpheus some think Amphion found it I find that the Harp hath seven strings to resemble the seven Daughters of Atlas whereof Mara Mercury his Mother was one And then after that were the other two added to represent the nine Muses Some referr the Original of the Harp and Pipe to Appollo for his Image in Delos as they write had in the right Hand a Bow in the left the Goddesses of Favour whereof one had a Harp another a Shalume the third a Pipe Husbandry was invented amongst the Aegyptians by Dionysias amongst the Greeks by Triptolemus In Italy by Saturn though Virgil will have Ceres to be the first inventer of it Pilulnus taught them to Bake and Grind Triptolemus and Briges the Athenian were the inventers of the Plough and Dionisius was the first that Yoaked Oxen to draw it Instruments of Husbandry were first invented by Ceres Wine was found out by Dionisius for he is said first to perceive the Nature of the Wine and that he taught men how to make use of it and to press the Wine out of the Grape Others say that Icarius the Father of Penelope found it out first in Athens who was afterwards slain by the Husbandmen when they were Drunk Dencalion first found out the Wine above Mount Aeina in Sicilic Aruntus a Tyrant being Banished out of his Countrey by Lucimon whom he had bred up of a Child carried Wine first into France Wine Taverns were first set up by the Lydians a People of Asia Stophilus was the first that informed men to mingle Wine with Water Ale is said also to have been invented by Bacchus who taught it to the Northern Nations to supply the want of Wine In Greece Pallas found out the Olive and the way of making Oyl Aristeus gathered the Curds of Milk and made Cheese he found out the way also of making Honey Cherry Trees were brought out of Pontus by Lucullus the year of the City 680 Zizipha and Tuberes two kinds of Apple Trees St. Papinins conveyed out of Syria and Affrick into Italy in the time of Augustus Histories of all other writings are the most commendable because they inform all sorts of People with notable examples of living and do excite those that are Noble to pursue such heroical enterprises as they read to have been done by their Ancestors and also they do discourage and Lame wicked Persons from attempting any hainous deeds or crime knowing that such acts shall be registred in perpetual memory to the honour or infamy of the doers according to the desert or undesert of their

concerning the Martyrdoms of the Twelve Apostles we shall relate as followeth James the Son of Zebedee called Major for that he was chosen to be an Apostle was sent to convert Spaine from whence by reason of the Obstinacy of the People he returned shortly to Preach in Judea where through the Malice of a Jewish Bishop called Abiathar he was accused and Beheaded by the consent of Herod Agrippa His Body was conveyed by his Disciples first to Jerusalem and from thence to Spaine where it remaineth in Compostella a Famous Pilgrimage James the Son of Alpheus called Minor for that he was last chosen he was Bishop of Jerusalem and that for the space of Thirty years and then as he was Preaching in the Temple he was thrown down by the Pharises and by them stoned to death he was Buried by the Temple Simon by our Saviour called Peter through the indignation of Nero because he was too hard for and had overcome Simon Magus Sorcerie was Crucified with his Head downward Saul after his conversion called Paul who after that he had endured and escaped many dangers and torments as being Whipt with Rods put in the Stocks by Philipus Stoned in Lystra delivered to wild Beasts in Ephesus Bound and Beaten in Jerusalem at last he came to Rome where by the commandement of Nero he was Beheaded for that he was a Roman Born the same day that St. Peter was crucified Philip after he had Preached throughout the whole Coutrey of Scythia and converted a great part thereof in the space of twenty years was at last in the City of Hierapolis when he had there extirped the Herisie of the Hebaeonites fastned to the Cross and put to a cruel death Bartholomew went to Preach in India and afterwards came to Albania a City of Armenia the greater where he converted the King of that City and destroyed the Idols Wherefore by the Commandment of Astiages Brother to King Polimeus whom he had converted he was Flead alive His Body was afterwards brought to Italy and is as some say at Rome Andrew Simon Peters Brother went first to Preach in Achaia and afterwards in Scythia but Lastly he was taken at Patras a City of Achaia by Egeas Pro-consul of that Province Who because that he had Converted his Wife Maximilla cast him in prison where he was most Tyrannically beaten stretched out and bound upon a slope Cross to augment his Torment and so he dyed Thomas Preached the Gospel to the Parthians Medes Persians Hyrcanians Bragmans and converted a great part of India He was by the Infidels thrown into a burning Furnace and is said to have come out unhurt Finally because he prayed to God to destroy the Idol of the Sun which the Infidels would have compelled him to Worship he was by them thrust through with Spears and Swords Matthew after he had Preached much in Judea he went into Aetheopia and there converted the greatest part of the Countrey As he had newly ended his Prayers and was lifting up his hands to Heaven by the Alter by the Appointment of the King of that Countrey certain Villains came behind him and run him through with their Swords Judas called Thaddeus after the Ascention of our Lord was sent by Thomas to heal Albagar King of Edissa Afterwards he Preached in Pontus and Mesopotamia and converted many cruel and barbarous People Lastly he came to Persia where for confounding of their Idols he was suddenly run upon and murdered by the Pagan Bishops of that Countrey He was buried at Netre a City of Armenia Simon called Chananeus Brother to Thaddeus and James the less after he had Preached in Aegypt returned to Jerusalem Whereof by the consent of the Apostles he was made Bishop after the death of his Brother James As touching his Martyrdome some say that he suffered with his Brother Judas Thaddeus in Persia others that he was through the envy of the Hereticks accused before the Consul Atticus and therefore Crucified as his Master was Mathyas after the Ascension of our Blessed Lord and Saviour was chosen by the Apostles to supply the room of Judas he was born at Bethlem and was descended of the Tribe of Juda. He Preached for the most part in Judea where at last he was falsly accused of his enemies for Perjury and was therefore condemned to be stoned to death by two men after which torment one cut him with a Hatchet which finished his Martyrdome The Four Monarchies of the World were in successive order as followeth the First was of the Assirians by Ninus about the year of the World 2220. augmented by the Queen Semiramis and afterwards it endured the Term of 1300 years it was translated by Arbactus to the Medes and there having endured 350 years it was left by Astyages and exterpated by Cyrus The Second Monarchy was of the Persians the year of the World 3425 which after it had endured 191 years was lost by Daryus and extirpated by Alexander the Great The Third Monarchy was of the Grecians founded by Alexander the Great in the year of the World 3634 and before Christ 320 years after whose death it was divided amongst the Prefects which in his life time he had appointed in divers Countries by which division Selenius King of Assyria Ptolomeus King of Aegypt Antigonus King of Asia Cassander of Macedonia and Greece all which Countries were after subdu●●… by the Romans The Fourth Monarchy or Empire was of the Romans founded by Julius Caesar in the year of the World 3914 after the building of Rome 706 years and before Christ 47 years This Monarchy flourished about the space of 470 years till that after the death of Theodosius the Great it was divided by his two Sons into two Empires Arcadius was Emperour of Constantinople which Empire endured though afterwards much diminished by the Invasions of Barbarous Nations untill the year of our Lord 1453 and then was quite lost by Constantine and conquered by Mahomet the second Emperour of the Turks Honorious was Emperour of Rome which Empire shortly after in the year of our Lord five hundred seventy-five and about the ninth Month of the Reign of Augustus was utterly ruinated by Othacar King of the Gothes And long after in the year of our Lord 801 it was restored by Charles the great and by him united to the Crown of France and by his successors Translated into Germony 〈◊〉 here it yet remaineth as a shaddow only or representation of the Majesty of the Ancient Roman Empire Measures and Wrights were found out by Sidonius as Entropius writes The same time that Procus Reigned in Albany Ahaz in Judah and Jeroboam in Hierusalem Some write that Mercury devised them in Greece Pliny ascribeth it to Phidon of Argos Gellius to Palamades Strabo to one Phidon of Elis in Arcadie Diogenes saith that Pythagoras taught the Greeks Weights and Measures but Josephus affirms that Cain first found them out Men Deified were such as from whom had been attained any

builded the first Temple to the worship of Jupiter Feretrius To Almighty God Solomon the King of the Hebrews builded the first Temple 3102 years after the Creation of Adam in Jerusalem Amongst other Temples that of Ephesus built in a noble City so called was very famous It was in the Countrey of Jonia it was built in the 32d year of the Reign of King David by Androchus the Son of Codrus King of Athens The Amazons and most part of Asia did contribute to the Erection of it in honour of Diana the like whereof was not in all the World and therefore it was accounted amongst the seven wonders of the World it was building 215 years It was placed in a Miry ground for the better avoiding of Earth-quakes There were 127 Pillars in it made of their Kings one by one which were in height 60 Foot whereof 36 were caried with most admirable workmanship The length of the whole Church was 425 Foot and the breadth 220. All that took this Church for Sanctuary had great immunities and priviledges there were also so many Gifts and Monuments given to this Church from all Natians and Cityes that none in all the World might be compared to it for Wealth St. Paul Preached at Epesus three years and Converted many to the Faith St. John also the Evangelist dyed in this City But this sumptious building was destroyed and set on fire in the Reign of Galienus the Emperour by one Erostratus who having performed many noble Exploits in War and otherwise when that he perceived himself to have been deprived both of reward and fame to leave a continual remembrance of his Name for one flagitious and horrible Act did with great fires and monsterous flames consume this faire Church and reduced it to Ashes thinking thereby as hath been said to have been remembred to perpetuity but he was mistaken for there were general Edicts and Proclamations made that no man should presume upon Pain of Death so much as to put his Name in any Writing or Chronicle to the intent that he might have been Buried with an everlasting Oblivion Triumphs the first of them was entered by Dionysius when he was replenished with the spoils of many Countreys afterwards they were received of sundry Nations as the Captains of Carthage upon their great successes Triumphed Romulus after he had conquered Acron King of Ciniveus was Crowned with Lawrell and carried in a Charriot with four Horses entered into the City of Rome Triumphantly and dedicated his prey and spoyls to Jupiter as Dionysius writes Although Eutropius saith that Tarquinius Priscus first Triumphed after his conquest of the Sabines Camillus was led in a solemn Triumph with white Horses in a Gilded Charriot his Browes incircled with a Garland of Gold all the Captains following the Charriot with Chains and Fetters about their Necks and the Senate going before into the Capitoll of Jupiters Temple where they offered a white Bull and then returned It was Lawful for none to Triumph but such as were Dictator Consul or Pretor Although Cneus Pompeius as Cicero writes Triumphed though he was but of the Order of Knights Truce which was called a covenant of Peace for a Season was instituted by Lycaon it was made sometimes for years as the Romans made a Truce with the Veientes for Forty years with the Cerites for a hundred sometimes a Truce was made for hours as Caius Pontius a Samnite required of the Dictator of Rome a Truce for six hours Leagues of Peeace Theseus is said to have ordained in Greece Diodorus assigns them to Mercury but the truth is they were in frequent use long before that time in Assyria and Aegypt and namely amongst the Hebrews for Jacob made a League with Laban and Moses offered conditions of Peace to the Princes of the Countries by whom he passed and after him Joshua confirmed a Bond of Peace with the Gibeonites The ceremonies and manner of the making and confirmation of the Leagues of sundry Nations were diversifyed according to their several customes Tragedies and Commedies had their beginning of the oblations as Diodorus writes which in old time men devoutly offered for their fruits to Bacchus For as the Altars were kindled with fire and the Goat laid on it the Quire in honour of Bacchus sung this Meter called a Tragedy it was named so either because a Goat which in Greek is called Tragos was the reward appointed for him that was Author of the Song or because a Goat is so noysome and hurtful to the Vines whereof Bacchus was the first inventer which Sacrificed to Liber or of the Grounds or Dregs which in Greek is called Tryx with which the Stage-Players used to Paint their Faces before that Aeschylus devised Visards But the first inventer of them after the mind of Horace was Thespis-Quintilian saith that Aescylus set forth the first publick Tragedies though he acknowledges that Sophocles and Euripidus did adorn and furnish them more gallantly In Rome Livius Andronicus made the first Tragedy wherein Accius Paccunius and Seneca excelled The Comedies began at what time the Athenians being not yet assembled into the City the Youth of that Contrey used to Sing solemn Verses at Feasts abroad in the Villages and High-wayes for to get Money They were so named of the Greek word Comos for a Banqueting or Come a Street and Ode a Song yet it is uncertain amongst the Grecians who invented them first In this kind of Writing Aristophanus Eupolis and Cratinus were the most eminent in a Tragedy Noble Persons as Emperours Kings Princes Dukes Lords c. are brought in with a high Style In a Comedy Amorous dalliances Love affaires Diversitie several Tunes Cheats c. are most concerned V VERMILION or Red-Lead was first found in Ephesus by Gallus an Athenian This colour was in Rome esteemed for Holy insomuch that on their Feastival dayes they Painted the Face of Jupiters Image with it and the Bodies of them that Triumphed Uows the custome of making of them was borrowed from the Hebrews which used to make Vows to God and divers other Countreys of the Gentles more blindly used to make such Vows to their false Gods Uoyces which were used to be given in great consultations Judgments and Elections were first ordained by Palamedes W WRITING after the manner of the Aegyptians was instead of Letters by Herogliphicks to make use of the Images of Beasts Birds c declaring their minds by the shapes and figures of them As by the Bee they signified a King Ruling his Commons and Subjects with great moderation and gentleness by the Goshauk they meant a speedy performance of their affaires and so for other things Watches and Wardings were first appointed by Palamedes Watch-words were first used in the Battell of Troy at the same time when Simon found out Beacons and Fires Wine which proceeds from the Vine Diodorus writes that Dionysius did first perceive the nature of it and taught the Grecians to Plant it and to