Carteret Lord Carteret John Bennet Lord Ossulston George Legg Lord Dartmouth Giles Allington Lord Allington John Stawell Lord Stawell Francis North Lord Guilford â—idney Godolphin Lord Godolphin â—lenry Jermin Lord Dover â—ohn Jeffreys Lord Jeffreys â—enry Waldegrave Lord Waldegrave â—dward Griffin Lord Griffin Hugh Cholmondley Lord Cholmondley John Ashburnham Lord Ashburnham Archbishops 2 and Bishops 24. Dr. William Sandcroft Lord Archbishop of Canterbury Dr. Thomas Lampleugh Lord Archbishop of York Dr. Henry Compton L. Bishop of London Dr. Nathaniel Crew L. Bishop of Durham Dr. Peter Mew L. Bishop of Winchester Dr. Herbert Crofts L. Bishop of Hereford Dr. Thomas Wood L. Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry Dr. William Lloyd L. Bishop of Norwich Dr. Thomas Barlow L. Bishop of Lincoln Dr. William Beau L. Bishop of Landaff Dr. William Lloyd L. Bishop of S. Asaph Dr. Robert Frampton L. Bishop of Glocester Dr. Francis Turner L. Bishop of Ely Dr. Thomas Smith L. Bishop of Carlisle Dr. Thomas Sprat L. Bishop of Rochester Dr. Thomas Ken L. Bishop of Bath and Wells Dr. Thomas White L. Bishop of Peterborough * Dr. Jonathan Trelawney L. Bishop of Exeter Dr. Thomas Watson L. Bishop of S. Davids * Dr. Gilbert Burnet L. Bishop of Salisbury * Dr. Humphry Humphrys L. Bishop of Bangor * Dr. Nicholas Stratford L. Bishop of Chester * Dr. Edward Stillingfleet L. Bishop of Worcester * Dr. Simon Patrick L. Bishop of Chichester * Dr. Gilbert Ironside L. Bishop of Bristol * Dr. John Hough L. Bishop of Oxford 1. Note That the Lord President of the Council takes place of all Dukes not of the Royal Bloud 2. That the Lord Great Chamberlain of England the Lord Steward of the Kings Houshold and the Lord Chamberlain of the Houshold take place above all of their Degree 3. That the Archbishop of Canterbury takes place next to the Princes of the Blood and above all the Nobility and Great Officers The Archbishop of York above all the Nobility and Great Officers except the Lord Keeper and the rest of the Bishops next after the Viscounts and above the Temporal Barons Whereof the Bishops of London Durham and Winchester do always precede the other Bishops the rest taking place according to the Seniority of their Consecrations A True List of the Knights Citizens and Burgesses of the Parliament at Westminster in October 1690. Bedfordshire 4. THE Honourable Edward Russel Esq Thomas Browne Esq Town of Bedford Thom. Hillersdon Esq Thom. Christie Esq Berks 9. Sir Hen. Winchcombe Bar. Sir Humfrey Forster Bar. Borough of New-Windsor Sir Charles Porter Knt. William Adderly Esq Borough of Reading Sir William Rich Bar. Sir Henry Fane Kt of the Bath Borough of Wallingford William Jennens Esq John Wallis Esq Borough of Abington Simon Harcourt Esq Bucks 14. The Right Honourable Tho. Wharton Esq The Right Honourable Rich. Hambden Esq Town of Buckingham Sir Richard Temple Knight and Baronet Alexander Denton Esq Borough of Chipping-Wicomb William Jephson Esq Thom Lewes Jun. Esq Porough of Ayliâ—bury Sir Thomas Lee Bar. Thomas Lee Esq Borough of Agmondesham Will. Mountague Esq Edmond Waller of Beconsfield Esq Borough of Wendover Richard Beake Esq John Backwell Esq Borough of Great Marlow James Chase Esq Sir Will. Whitelocke Knt. Cambridge 6. Sir Levinus Bennet Bar. Sir Robert Cotton Knt. University of Cambridge Sir Robert Sawyer Kt. The Honourable Edward Finch Esq Town of Cambridge Sir John Cotton Bar. Granado Pigott Esq Chester 4. Sir John Mainwaring Bar. Sir Robert Cotton Kt. and Bar. City of Chester Sir Thomas Grosvenor Bar. Richard Leving Esq Cornwal 44. The Honourable Francis Robert Esq The Right Honourable Hugh Boscowen Esq Borough of Dunhivid alias Launceston The Right Honourable Will. Harbord Esq The Honourable Bernard Granville Esq Borough of Leskard Sir Bourchier Wray Kt. of the Bath and Bar. Emanuel Pyper Esq Brough of Lestwithiel Sir Bevill Grenville Kt. Walter Kendall Esq Borough of Truro Sir Henry Ashurst Bar. Henry Vincent Esq Borough of Bodmin Sir John Cutler Kt. and Bar. Nicholas Glynn Esq Borough of Helston Sir John St. Aubin Bar. Charles Godolphin Esq Borough of Saltash Sir John Carew Bar. Richard Carew Esq Borough of Camelford Ambrose Manaton Esq Henry Manaton Esq Borough of Port-Higham alias Westlow Edward Sevmour Esq Jonathan Trelawny Es Borough of Grampound John Tanner Esq Walter Vincent Esq Borough of Eastlow Charles Trelawny Esq Henry Trelawny Esq Borough of Peryn Sidney Godolphin Esq Alexander Pendarvi Esq Borough of Tregony Sir John Tremaine Kt. Serjeant at Law Hugh Fortescue Esq Borough of Bossiny Samuel Travers Esq Sir Peter Colleton Bar. Borough of St. Ives James Praed Esq William Harris Esq Borough of Foway Jonathan Rashleigh Esq Shadrach Vincent Esq Borough of St. Germans Daniel Elliot Esq Henry Fleming Esq Borough of St. Michael Francis Scobell Esq Humph. Courtney Esq Borough of Newport The Right Honourable Charles Lord Cheyne John Speccot Esq Borough of St. Maws Sir Joseph Tredenham Kt. John Tredenham Esq Borough of Kellington Francis Fulford Esq Cumberland 6. Sir George Fletcher Bar. Sir John Lowther of Whitehaven Bar. City of Carlisle Jeremiah Bubb Esq Christopher Musgrave Esq Borough of Cocker-mouth Sir Orlando Gee Kt. Sir Wilfred Lawson Bar. Derby 4. Sir Gilbert Clarke Kt. Henry Gilbert Esq Town of Derby The Honourable Anchitel Gray Esq Robert Wilmot Esq Devonshire 26. Francis Courtney Esq Samuel Rolle Esq City of Exeter Sir Edward Seymour Bar. Christopher Bale Esq Borough of Tornes Sir John Powell Bar. Henry Seymour Esq Borough of Plimouth The Honourable John Greenville Esq Borough of Oakhampton William Cary Esq Henry Nortleigh Esq Borough of Branstable The Right Honourable Sir George Hutchins Kt. Arth. Champneys Esq Borough of Plimpton Sir George Treby Kt. John Pollexsen Esq Borough of Honiton Sir William Drake Kt. and Bar. Sir Walter Yonge Bar. Borough of Tavistock The Honourable Robert Russel Esq Sir Francis Drake Bar Borough of Ashburton Sir Richard Reynel Kt. and Bar. William Stawell Esq Borough of Clifton Dartmouth and Hardness Sir Joseph Herne Kt. William Hayne Esq Borough of Beralston Sir Francis Drake Bar. John Swinfen Esq Borough of Tiverton Samuel Foote Esq Thomas Bere Esq Dorsetshire 20. Thomas Strangeways Esq Thomas Freke Esq Town of Pole Sir Nathaniel Napier Kt. and Bar. Sir John Trenchard Kt. Borough of Dorchester Sir Robert Nappier Kt. and Bar. James Gould Esq Borough of Lime Regis Henry Henley Esq John Burridge Esq Borough of Weymouth Sir John Morton Bar. Michal Harvey Esq Borough of Melcomb Regis Henry Henning Esq Nicholas Gould Esq Borough of Bridport John Michel Esq Sir Stephen Evance Kt. Borough of Snafton alias Shaftsbury Sir Matthew Andrews Kt. Edward Nicholas Esq Borough of Wareham Thomas Erle Esq William Okeden Esq Borough of Corf-Castle Richard Fownes Esq William Culliford Esq Durham 4. Sir Robert Eden Bar. William Lambton Esq City of Durham William Tempest Esq George Morland Esq Essex 8. Henry Mildmay Esq Sir Fran. Masham Bar. Borough of Colchester Samuel Reynolds Esq Edward Cary Esq Borough of Maldon Sir Thomas Darcy Bar. Charles Mountague Es Borough of Harwich The Right Honourable Charles Lord Chyne Sir Thomas Middleton Kt. Glocestershire 8. Sir John Guise Bar. Sir Ralph Dutton Bar. City of Glocester William Cooke
Esq William Try Esq Borough of Cirencester The Right Honourable Henry Powle Esq Richard Howe Esq Borough of Tewksbury Rich. Dowdeswell Esq The Right Honourable Sir Henry Capell Kt. Herefordshire 8. Sir John Morgan Bar. Sir Herbert Croft Bar. City of Hereford Paul Foley Esq Henry Cornwall Esq Borough of Lempster Tho. Conyngesby Esq John Dutton Colt Esq Borough of Weobly John Birch Esq Robert Price Esq Hertfordshire 6. Sir Tho. Pope Blount Bar. Ralph Freeman Esq Borough of St. Albans Sir Samuel Grimston Bar. George Churchill Esq Borough of Hertford Sir Will. Cowper Bar. Sir Will. Leman Bar. Huntingtonshire 4 The Honourable Robert Mountague Esq John Driden Esq Borough of Huntington The Honourable Sidney Wortly alias Mountague Esq The Honourable Richard Mountague Esq Kent 10. The Honourable Sir Vere Fane Knight of the Bath Sir John Knatchbull Bar. City of Canterbury Sir William Honywood Bar. Henry Lee Esq City of Rochester Sir Joseph Williamson Kt. Francis Clarke Esq Borough of Maidston Sir Tho. Taylor Bar. Thomas Ryder Esq Borough of Queenborough Sir John Bankes Bar. Robert Crawford Esq Lancashire 14. The Right Honourable Charles Lord Brandon Gerrard The Honourable James Stanley Borough of Lancaster Roger Kirby Esq Thomas Preston Esq Borough of Preston in Amounderness Christopher Greenfeild Esq Borough of Newton The Honourable George Cholmondely Esq Sir John Chichley Kt. Borough of Wiggaâ—â— Sir Rich. Standish Kt. Peter Shakerly Esq Borough of Clitheroe Anthony Parker Esq Roger Kenyon Esq Borough of Leverpool The Kight Honourable Richard Lord Colchester Tho. Norris of Speak Esq Leicester 4. The Right Honourable Bennet Lord Sherrard Sir Thomas Hesilridge Bar. Borough of Leicester Sir Edward Abney Kt. Lawrence Carter Esq Lincoln 12. The Right Honourable George Viscount Castleton Sir Tho. Hussey Bar. City of Lincoln Sir John Bolles Bar. Sir Edw. Hussey Bar. Borough of Boston Peregrine Berty Esq Sir William Yorke Kt. Borough of Great Grimsby Sir Edw. Ayscogh Kt. John Chaplin Esq Town of Stamford The Honourable Charles Bertie Esq William Hyde Esq Borough of Grantham Sir John Brownlowe Bar. Sir William Ellis Bar. Middlesex 8. Sir Char. Gerrard Bar. Ralph Hawtery Esq City of Westminster Sir Will. Poultney Kt. Sir Walter Clarges Bar. London Sir Will. Pritchard Kt. Sir Sam. Dashwood Kt. Sir Will. Turner Kt. Sir Tho. Vernon Kt. Monmouth 3 The Right Honourable Charles Lord Marquess of Worcester Thomas Morgan Esq Borough of Monmouth Sir Charles Kemeys Kt. Norfolk 12. Sir Jacob Astley Kt. and Baronet Sir William Cooke Bar. City of Norwich Thomas Blofeild Esq Hugh Bokenham Esq Town of Lyn Regis Sir John Turner Kt. Daniel Bedingfeild Esq Town of Great Yarmouth George England Esq Samuel Fuâ—ler Esq Borough of Thetford Baptist May Esq Sir Francis Guybon Kt. Borough of Castlerising Right Honourable Sir Robert Howard Kt. Robert Walpole Esq Northampton 9. Sir St. Andrew St. John Bar. John Parkhurst Esq City of Peterborough Will. Brownlowe Esq Gilbert Dolben Esq Town of Northampton Sir Tho. Samuel Bar. Sir William Langham Kt. Town of Brackley The Honourable Sir William Egerton Knight of the Bath John Blencowe Sergeant at Law Borough of Higham-Ferrers Thomas Andrews Esq Northumberland 8. William Forster Esq Philip Bickerstaff Esq Town of Newcastle upon Tine Sir Ralph Carr Kt. William Carr Esq Borough of Morpeth The Right Honourable Charles Lerd Morpeth Roger Fenwick Esq Town of Berwick upon Tweed Sir Francis Blake Kt. â—amuel Ogle Esq Nottingham 8. Sir Scroop How Kt. Will. Sacheverel Esq Town of Nottingham Char. Hutchinson Esq Richard Slater Esq Borough of Eastretford John Thornehagh Esq Town of Newark upon Trent The Right Honourable William Lord Eland The Honourable Nicholas Sanderson Esq Oxon 9. The Right Honourable Mountague Lord. Norreys Sir Robert Jenkinson Bar. University of Oxon. The Honourable Heneage Finch Esq Sir Tho. Clerges Kt. City of Oxon. The Honourable Henry Bertie Esq Sir Edw. Norreys Kt. Borough of New-Woodstock Sir Tho. Littleton Bar. Thomas Wheate Esq Borough of Banbury Sir Robert Dashwood Kt. and Bar. Rutland 2. Sir Tho. Mackworth Bar. Bennet Sherrard Esq Salop 12. The Honourable Richard Newport Esq Edward-Kynaston of Oately Esq Town of Salop. The Honourable Andrew Newport Esq Richard Mitton Esq Borough of Bruges alias Bridgenorth Sir William Whitmore Bar. Sir Edward Acton Bar. Borough of Ludlow Thomas Hanmer Esq William Gower Esq Borough of Wenlock Sir Will. Forester Kt. George Weld Esq Town of Bishops-Castle William Oakeley Esq Somerset 18. Sir Edward Phillips Kt. Nathaniel Palmer Esq City of Bristol Sir Richard Hart Kt. Sir John Knight Kt. City of Bath Sir William Basset Kt. Joseph Langton Esq City of Wells Edward Barkeley Esq Hopton Wyndham Esq Borough of Taunton John Speke Esq Edward Clark Esq Borough of Bridgwater Sir Francis Warr Bar. Henry Bull Esq Borough of Minehead Borough of Ilchester Sir Edw. Winham Bar. John Hunt Esq Borough of Milborn-Port Sir Thomas Travel Kt. Sir Charl. Carteret Kt. Southampton 26. The Right Honourable Charles Lord Marquess of Winchester Richard Norton Esq City of Winchester The Right Honourable William Lord Pawlet Frederick Tilney Esq Town of Southampton Sir Char. Windham Kt. Sir Benj. Newland Kt. Town of Portsmouth The Honourable Edward Russel Esq Nicholas Hedger Alderman Borough of Yarmouth The Right Honourable Sir John Trever Kt. Speaker Charles Duncombe Esq Borough of Petersfield Robert Michel Esq Richard Holt Esq Borough of Newport alias Medona Sir Robert Holmes Kt. Sir Will. Stephens Kt. Borough of Stockbridge Will. Mountague Esq Richard Whithed Esq Borough of Newtown The Right Honourable Richard Earl of Ranelagh Thomes Done Esq Borough of Christ-Church Francis Gwyn Esq William Ettrick Esq Borough of Whitchurch Henry Wallop Esq The Honourable James Russel Esq Borough of Lemington John Burrard Esq Thomas Dore Esq Borough of Andover The Honourable Francis Pawlet of Amport Esq John Pollen Esq Staffordshire 10. The Honourable John Grey Esq Walter Chetwind Esq City of Lichfield Robert Burdet Esq Richard Dyot Esq Borough of Stafford John Chetwind Esq Jonathan Cope Esq Borough of Newcastleunder Line Sir William Levison Gower Bar. Sir Thomas Bellot Bar. Borough of Tamworth Sir Henry Gough Kt. Michael Biddulph Esq Suffolk 16. Sir Samuel Barnardiston Bar. Sir Gervas Elwes Bar. Borough of Ipswich Sir John Barker Bar. Sir Charles Blois Bar. Borough of Dunwich Sir Robert Rich Kt. and Bar. Sir Philip Skippon Kt. Borough of Orford Thomas Glemham Esq Thomas Felton Esq Borough of Alborough Sir Henry Johnson Kt. William Johnson Esq Borough of Sodbury John Robinson Esq Borough of Eye Henry Poley Esq Thomas Davenant Esq Borough of St. Edmonsbury Sir Robert Davers Bar. Henry Goldwell Esq Surrey 14. Sir Rich. Onslow Bar. Sir Franc. Vincent Bar. Borough of Southwark Anthony Bower Esq John Arnold Esq Borough of Blechingly Thomas Howard Esq Sir Robert Clayton Kt. Borough of Rygate Sir John Parsons Kt. John Parsons Esq Borough of â—uilford Morgan Randyll Esq Foot Onslow Esq Borough of Gatton Sir John Thompson Bar. Thomas Turgis Esq Borough of Haslemere Geo. Rodeney Bridges Esq Denzill Onslow Esq Susser 20. Sir John Pelham Bar. Sir Will. Thomas Bar. City of Chichester Sir Thomas Miller Kt. Thomas May Esq Borough of Horsham John Machell Esq Thomas White Jun. Gent. Borough of Midhurst Sir William Morley
Knight of the Bath John Lewkner Esq Borough of Lewes Thomas Pelham Esq Richard Bridger Esq Borough of Shoreham Sir Edward Hungerford Knight of the Bath John Pery Esq Borough of Bramber Nicholas Barbon Esq Dr. John Radcliffe Borough of Steyning Sir John Fagge Bar. Robert Fagge Esq Borough of East-Greensted The Honourable Thomas Sackvile Esq Sir Thomas Dyke Bar. Borough of Arundel William Morley Esq James Butler Esq Warwickshire 6. William Bromely Esq Andrew Archer Esq City of Coventry Richard Hopkins Esq John Stratford Esq Borough of Warwick The Right Honourable William Lord Digby William Colemore Esq Westmorland 4. The Right Honourable Sir John Lowther of Lowther Bar. Sir Christopher Musgrave of Musgrave Kt. and Bar. Borough of Appleby The Honourable William Cheyne Esq Charles Boyle Esq Wilthshire 34. The Right Honourable Edw. Viscount Cornbury Sir Walter S. John Bar. City of New Sarum Thomas Hoby Esq Thomas Pitt Esq Borough of Wilton Sir Richard Grubham How Kt. and Bar. Thomas Windham Esq Borough of Downton Sir Charles Raleigh Kt. Maurice Bockland Esq Borough of Hindon Robert Hide Esq Thomas Chaffyn Esq Borough of Westbury The Honourable Peregrine Bertie Esq Richard Lewys Esq Borough of Hytesbury William Ash Esq Will. Trenchard Esq Borough of Calne Henry Baynton Esq Henry Chivers Esq Borough of the Devizes Sir Tho. Fowles Kt. Walter Grubb Esq Borough of Chipenham Richard Kent Esq Alexander Popham Esq Borough of Malmesbury The Honourable Goodwin Wharton Esq Sir James Long Bar. Borough of Criclade Edmund Webb Esq Charles Fox Esq Borough of Great Bedwin The Right Honourable Anth. Viscount Falkland Sir Jonath Raymond Kt. Borough of Ludgersale Thomas Neale Esq John Deane Esq Borough of Old Sarum Sir Thomas Mompesson Kt. William Harvey Esq Borough of Wootton-Basset Henry St. John Esq John Wildman Jun. Esq Borough of Marlborough Sir John Ernle Kt. Sir George Willoughby Kt. Worcestershire 9. Sir John Packington Kt. Thomas Foley Esq City of Worcester Sir John Somers Kt. William Bromely Esq Borough of Droitwich The Right Honourableâ— Richard Earl of Bellemont â—hilip Foley Esq Borough of Evesham Sir James Rushout Bar. Edward Rudge Esq Borough of Bewdley Henry Herbert Esq Yorkshire 30. The Right Honourable Thomas Lord Fairfax Sir Joyn Kay Bar. City of York Robert Waller Esq Henry Thompson Esq Town of Kingston upon Hull John Ramsden Esq Charles Osborne Esq Borough of Knaresborough William Stockdale Esq Thomas Fawkes Esq Borough of Scareborough Will. Thompson Esq Francis Thompson Esq Borough of Rippon Sir Edm. Jenings Kt. Sir Jonath Jenings Kt. Borough of Richmond Sir Mark Milbanck Bar. Theodore Bathurst Esq Borough of Heydon Henry Guy Esq Matth. Appleyard Esq Borough of Boroughbrig Sir Henry Goodrick Kt. and Bar. Sir Bryan Stapleton Borough of Malton Sir William Strickland Bar. William Palmes Esq Borough of Thriske Thomas Frankland Esq Richard Staines Esq Borough of Aldborough Sir Mich. Wentworth Kt. Christopher Tancred Esq Borough of Beverly Sir Michael Wharton Kt. William Gee Esq Borough of North-Allerton Sir William Robinson Bar. Thomas Lascells Esq Borough of Pontefract The Honourable Henry Dawney Esq Sir John Bland Bar. BARONS of the Cinque-Ports 16. Port of Hastings The Honourable John Beaumont Esq Peter Gott Esq Town of Winchelsea Sir Robert Austin Bar. Samuel Western Esq Town of Rye Sir John Austen Bar. Sir John Darrel Kt. Port of New Rumney Sir Charles Sidley Kt. John Brewer Esq Port of Hythe Sir Philip Butler Bar. Will. Brockman Esq Port of Dover Thomas Papillon Esq James Chadwick Esq Port of Sandwich John Thurbarne Serjeant at Law Edward Brent Esq Port of Seaford William Campion Esq Henry Pelham Esq WALES 24. Anglesey 2. The Right Honourable Rich. Viscount Bulkely Town of Beaumaris Thomas Bulkely Esq Brecon 2. Sir Rowland Gwyn Kt. Town of Brecon Jeossery Jeffreys Esq Cardigan 2. Sir Carbety Price Bar. Town of Cardigan Hector Philips Esq Carmarthen 2. Sir Rice Rudd Bar. Town of Carmarthen Richard Vaughan Esq Carnarvan 2. Sir Wil. Williams of Vaynal Bar. Town of Carnarvan Sir Robert Owen Kt. Denby 2. Sir Richard Middleton Bar. Town of Denby Edward Brereton Esq Flint 2. Sir Roger Puleston Kt. Town of Flint Thomas Whitley Esq Glamorgan 2. Bussey Mansel Esq Town of Cardiffe Thomas Mansell Esq Merioneth 1. Sir John Wynne Kt. and Bar. Montgomery 2. Edward Vaughan Esq Town of Montgomery Charles Herbert Esq Pembroke 3. Sir Hugh Owen Kt. Town of Haverford-west Sir William Wogan Kt. Town of Pembroke Arthur Owen Esq Radnor 2. Richard Williams Esq Town of New Radnor Robert Harley Esq In all 513. A List of the Lords and others of His Majesties most Honourable Privy Council with the Clerks of the Council HIS Royal Highness Prince George Thomas Marquess of Camarthen Lord President Henry Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal Charles Duke of Bolton Robert Earl of Lindsey Lord Great Chamberlain of England William Earl of Devonshire Lord Steward Charles Earl of Dorset Lord Chamberlain Aubrey Earl of Oxford William Earl of Bedford Thomas Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery John Earl of Bath Charles Earl of Macclesfield Daniel Earl of Nottingham Secretary of State William Earl of Portland Thomas Earl of Faulconberg Charles Earl of Monmouth John Earl of Marlborough Richard Earl of Scarborough Henry Earl of Warrington Ralph Earl of Montague Henry Viscount Sidney Henry Lord Bishop of London Francis Lord Newport Marquess of Winchester Lord Chief Justice Holt. Sir Robert Howard Sir Henry Capel Sir Henry Goodrick Sir John Lowther Vice-Chamberlain Richard Hampden Esq Hugh Boscawen Esq Thomas Wharton Esq Comptroller of the King's Houshold Edward Russel Esq William Harbord Esq Henry Powle Esq Master of the Rolls Lords Commissioners of the Privy Seal William Cheyne Esq Sir John Knatchbull Bar. Sir William Palteney Kt. The Clerks of the Council Sir John Nicholas Kt. Mr. Blathwait Mr. Mountague Mr. Coleing A List of the Lords Commissioners and other Officers of the Court of Chancery The Lords Commissioners Sir John Trevor Knight Sir William Rawlinson Knight Sir Geo. Hutchins Knight Masters of Chancery Henry Powle Esq Master of the Rolls whose Sâ—cretary is Mr. John Rawlinson Sir William Child Sir John Hoskins Sir John Franklyn Sir Adam Oatley Sir Robert Legar Sir John Edgeburg Sir James Astrey Sir Miles Cook Roger Meredith Esq John Methwyn Esq Samuel Keck Esq The Six Clerks in Chancery Sir Rob. Marsham Kt. Sir W. Perkins Kr. â—hem Bridges Esq Littleton Powel Esq Rich. Garth Esq Basil Herne Esq The Cursitors Mr. Abraham Nelson Principal Mr. Mich. Terry Assistants Mr. Geo. Davies Assistants For Suffolk and
HONI SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE XXX RR IE MAINTIENDRAI THE NEW STATE OF ENGLAND BRITANNIA I Sturt Sculp in ye Old Change THE New State OF ENGLAND Under Their MAJESTIES K. William and Q. Mary In THREE PARTS CONTAINING I. A Geographical Description of England in General and of every County in Particular with Usefull and Curious Remarks II. An Account of the Inhabitants their Original Genius Customs Laws Religion and Government of Their Present Majesties Their Court Power Revenues c. III. A Description of the several Courts of Judicature Viz. the High Court of Parliament Privy Council and all other Courts With a Catalogue of the present Officers in Church and State By G. M. LONDON Printed by H.C. for Ionathan Robinson at the Golden Lion in St. Paul's Church-yard 1691. To the Most Honourable THOMAS Marquess of CAERMARTHEN Earl of DANBY Viscount LATIMER Baron OSBORN OF KIVETON Lord President of His Majesties Most Honourable PRIVY-COUNCIL And Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter This New State of England is humbly Dedicated by the Author TO THE READER 'T IS the late Revolution that has given birth to this new Piece of Work a New Face of Things required a New State of England And of all the Changes this Kingdom has gone through as this was the most sudden so it is the most wonderfull To see Popery in so few days crowing upon the Throne and groaning under its Ruins but t'other day upon the Pinnacle and now stunned with its sudden Fall is such a Change as may deserve the Admiration of this and future Ages In short such is our present Settlement upon Their Majesties happy Accession to the Crown that the Popish Party may assoon see a Protestant Pope of Rome as a Popish King of England Now to make this Work the more acceptable and usefull to the Publick I have divided it into three several Parts In the First you have a particular Description of ENGLAND in its several Counties of every County-Town with the Distance and the common Road to it from London the Metropolis and of all other Places of note in each County Here you have particularly a List of the Market-Towns in every Shire with the Days pointed when their Markets are kept also an account of most other Remarkable Things either of Nature or Art Besides the Honours or Noblemens Titles from Counties Cities Towns Mannors c. And the Number of Men each City or Borough sends to serve in Parliament I conclude this Part with a particular Description of London Oxford and Camidge London as the Capital City of England the Seat of its Monarchs and the Center of Trade Oxford and Cambridge as being the two famous Vniversities of the Land and the glorious Seats of the Muses The Second Part treats of the INHABITANTS of England their Complexion Temper Genius Language c. Of the English Way of Living Commerce Laws Religion and Government Of the King of England and the Royal Family particularly of the present King WILLIAM and Queen MARY with a brief Relation of their Accession to the Crown and the Vnreasonableness of the Disaffected Party under their Government Of Their Majesties Court Forces and Revenues Of the Queen Dowager the Prince and the Princess of Denmark Of the Nobility Gentry and Commonalty Of the Episcopal Dignify'd and Inferiour Clergy And lastly of Women Children and Servants All of them with their respective Priviledges The Third and last Part is about the COURTS of JUDICATURE Viz. The High Court of Parliament with a large Account of their Proceedings Orders Debates Passing of Bills and Acts c. Of the Privy-Council and there particularly of the Principal Secretaries of State Of the Chancery Kings-Bench Common Pleas Exchequer Dutchy of Lancaster and all other Courts To which is annexed a Catalogue of the chief Persons of the Realm both in Church and State Magistrates and Officers Civil and Military Who being subject to Change though the Offices continue the same I thought it improper to mix Certainties and Vncertainties together Therefore I chose rather to place the Officers together by themselves as I have done here than to have them dispersed where I speak of their Offices And from this Method you will reap this Conveniency that by Interleaving of the Catalogue only you may fill up Vacancies as they become void Thus you have as it were a Scheme of the whole Drift of this Book The Foundation whereof is that Ingenious Piece De Republica Anglorum written in Latin by Sir Thomas Smith Improved as you see and fitted to the present Times The Matter of it self is of a general Vse both for English and Foreiners and the Variety so great that it cannot but be Pleasant and Vsefull to the Reader THE TABLE For the First PART This Table contains the Names of the Towns and Cities Hills Islands Meers and Rivers and other Curiosities mentioned in the first Part of this Book And for such as desire only to know what County any of them lies in the Table it self will give them that Satisfaction without any further Trouble it being so contrived that it is in a manner a Geographical Dictionary for England A ABberforth in Yorks 259 Abbey-holm in Cumb 49 Abbey of Westminster 317 Abbots-bury in Dors 67 Abergavenny in Mon. 148 149 Advantages of England 7 Agmundesham in Buck. 30 Ailesbury in Buck. 30 31 Air of England 13 Alborough in Suffolk 204 208 Aldborough in Yorks 273 Aldermen of London 324 Alford in Lincolns 136 140 Alfreton in Derbysh 57 Alisford in Hampsh 95 Almondbury in Yorks 264 Alnewick in Northumb 168 170 Alney-Isle in Gloc. 87 Alston-Moor in Cumb. 49 Altrincham in Chesh 39 Ambleside in Westm 238 Amersbury in Wilts 246 247 Ampthill in Bedf. 27 28 Andover in Hamps 95 96 Antiquity of Oxf. and Cambr. 350 Appleby in Westm 238 Appledore in Kent 112 Are a Yorks River 256 Arrow a River of Heref. 103 Artillery Company in London 329 Arun a Sussex River 224 Arundel in Sussex 225 227 Ashbourn in Derbysh 57 Ashburton in Devonsh 61 Ashby in Leicest 131 Ashford in Kent 112 Aspley in Bedf. 28 Atherston in Warw. 234 235 Attlebury in Norf. 153 Auburn in Wiltsh 246 Aukland in the Bishoprick of Durham 76 77 Aulcester in Warw. 234 Avon the Name of several Rivers 85 92 c. Axebridge in Somers 192 194 Axholm an Isle in Lincolns 139 Axminster in Dev. 61 B BAkewell in Derbysh 57 Baldock in Hartf 100 Bampton in Oxf. 178 179 Banbury in Oxf. 178 179 Banquetting House at Whitehall 316 Barkin in Essex 81 BARKSHIRE 22 Barnesly in Yorks 259 Barnet in Hartf 100 102 Barnstaple in Dev. 61 63 Barnwel in Linc. 136 Barristers in Lond. 304 Barton in Linc. 136 139 Barwick in Northumb. 168 Basingstoke in Hamps 95 96 Bath in Somers 189 Battel in Sussex 225 228 Battersea in Surrey 221 Bautrey in Yorks 259 Beaconfield in Buck. 30 32 Beckles in Suffolk 204 209 Bedal in Yorks 273 Bedford 26
the Prince of Orange's Forces coming this way from the West Which two days after was followed by his Desertion of that Place and soon after by the Desertion of the Crown and Government Moreover this City has been for several Ages honoured with the Title of an Earldom 1. in the persons of Patrick and William D'Evreux successively 2. In two Williams surnamed Long-Espèe the first a base Son of King Henry II. by Rosamond 3. In two Nevils both Richards by their Christen-names 4. In the person of George Duke of Clarence who married Isabel Daughter of Richard Earl of Warwick 5. In Edward eldest Son of King Richard III. 6. In Margaret Daughter of George Duke of Clarence created Countess of Salisbury by King Henry VIII And lastly in the Family that now injoy's it the first being Robert Cecil Lord of Essendine and Viscount Cranborn created Earl of Salisbury by King James I. Anno 1605. From whom is descended the present Earl James Cecil Lastly this City is a Place well inhabited and frequented injoying a good Trade And its Markets on Tuesdays and Saturdays are very considerable for all sorts of Provisions The other Market-Towns are Marlborough Sat. Malmsbuâ—y Sat. Chippenham Sat. Werminster Sat. Troubridge Sat. Cricklade Sat. Bradford Mund. Swindon Mund. Calne Tue. Auburn Tue. Lavington Wedn. Wilton Wedn. Highworth Wedn. Devizes Thu. Hindon Thu. Wooten-Basset Thu. Downton Frid. Amersbury Frid. Westbury Frid. Mere Marmister Among which Marlborough or Marleburgh is next to Salisbury the most considerable Town in this County The Town called anciently Cunetio in Antonine's Itinerarium as the River Kennet was upon which it stands but by the Normans in whose Time this Town revived out of the Ruins of the old it was named Marleburgh as being seated in a chalky Soil which in some Places is still called by the name of Marl. A Town stretched out from East to West upon the ascent of a Hill watered by the Kennet not far from the head of it and having the conveniency both of a Forest and Chase in its Neighbourhood the first called Savernake-Forest and the other Aldburn Chase It had once a Castle belonging unto John surnamed Sans Terre who afterwards was King of England The Castle still famous in our Law-Books for a Parliament there held in the Reign of King Henry III. in which were made the Statutes from hence called of Marleburgh for the suppressing of Tumults But King Charles 1. at this Coronation made it yet more notable in making it the Honour as it was the Neighbour of James Lord Ley Lord Treasurer created by that King Earl of Marlbourough Anno 1625. Which Title continued in three Persons more of his Name and Family and since the late Revolution was conferred by our present King upon the Right Honourable John Churchill the present Earl of Marlborough This Town has suffered very much by the frequent Misfortune of Fire under which it groans to this day Near unto this Place is a Village called Rockley from divers Stones like Rocks pitcht up on end Among which there sometimes breaks forth a violent Stream of Water called Hungersbourn by the Country-people by whom 't is reputed as the fore-runner of a Dearth Malmesbury another good Town stands in the North-West Parts of the County pleasantly seated on a Hill near the Spring of the River Avon over which it has six Bridges being almost incircled with that River Chippenham and Bradford are also seated on the Avon and Troubridge near it Amersbury or Ambresbury commonly pronounced Ambsbury on the other Avon near the Stone-henge and but 6 miles North of Salisbury Upon which River near the Confines of Hampshire you will find also the Town called Downton or Duncton Calne is situate on a River so called which runs from East to West into the Bristol Avon This Town is noted for the Provincial Synod held here in the Year 977 to determine the hot Disputes in those Times between the Monks and the Priests concerning Celibacy But whilst they were debating the Matter in hand the Convocation-house suddenly fell down by which Fall several were slain and many cruelly wounded Wilton is seated between two Rivers the Willy Northward and the Nadder Southward From the first it took its Denomination as the whole County from Wilton Once the chief Town thereof and a Bishops See honoured with the Residence of nine several Bishops But by translating the See to Salisbury and carrying thither withall the Thorough-fare into the West-Country which before was here it fell by little and little to decay So that it is at present but a mean Town Yet still a Borough-Town the Place where the Knights of the Shire are chosen and where the Sheriff keeps his monthly County-Courts Werminster of old Verlucio a Town in former Time of very good account is seated at the Springs of the River Willy otherwise called Willybourn Westbury and Devizes are two Borough-Towns that is such Towns as fend Burgesses to Parliament The first situate on the Broke a small River that falls into the Avon Devizes at the very head of another Stream bearing the Name of the Town which likewise do's empty it self into the Avon I pass by the rest as Inconsiderable to take notice of Clarendon a fine spacious Park lying near to and Eastward of Salisbury 'T is seated upon a Hill on which stand twenty Groves severally inclosed and each a mile in compass Adorned in Times past with a Royal House which in process of time is falnto ruin But more remarkable for that in the Reign of Henry the Second Anno 1164 here was made a certain Recognition and Record of the Customs and Liberties of the Kings of England before the Prelates and Peers of the Kingdom for the avoiding Dissentions between the Clergy the Judges and Barons of the Râ—â—lm Which Act was called The Constitutions of Clarendon whereof so many as the Pope approved have been set down in the Tomes of the Councils and the rest omitted But that which has added more lustre to Clarendon is its being Dignify'd with the Title of an Earldom first in the person of Edward Hyde sometime Lord Chancellour of England who was created Viscount Cornbury in Oxfordshire and Earl of Clarendon by King Charles II Anno 1661. Upon whose Death at Rouen in Normandy Dec. 19th 1674 he was succeeded in his Title by his eldest Son Henry Hyde the present Earl of Clarendon To conclude this County which formerly was Part of the Kingdom of the West-Saxons and its Inhabitants part of the Belgae as the Romans called them is now in the Diocese of Salisbury Out of it are chosen besides the two Knights of the Shire no less than 32 Members to fit in Parliament Viz. two out of each of these following Towns New Sarum or Salisbury Wilton Downton Hindon Westbury Heytesbury Calne the Devizes Chippen ham Malmesbury Cricklade Great Bedwin Lurgershal Old Sarum Wootton Basset and Marlborough But we must not omit the famous Caves that ly in
Warranto brought in at the latter end of Charles II his Reign and a new Charter granted the City but with several Restrictions of great moment yet that Judgement was Reversed upon their late Application to the Parliament and their ancient Charter Confirmed So that Things run now as they did before that Judgment in their proper Channel For Military Affairs the City of London is a Lieutenancy of it self So that the Power of a Lord Lieutenant is in the Lord Mayor and Aldermen and other principal Members of the City for the Time being Who by a peculiar Commission from His Majesty are authorized to act as his Lieutenants in London for the ordering the City-Militia with the same Power that the Lord Lieutenants have in their respective Counties Now the City-Militia consists of 6 Regiments of Foot making about 90000 men besides the Hamlets of the Tower 2 Regiments and the Regiment of Southwark To which if we add the Militia of Westminster consisting of 2 Regiments called Holborn and Westminster each of 2000 men we find in all eleven Regiments But in case of Necessity the Auxiliaries are raised consisting of Apprentices which make up six Regiments more every Freeman that has two Apprentices finding one for that purpose To supply the City Train-Bands and Auxiliary men with Commanders there is a Nursery of Souldiers called the Artillery Company of above 60 Years standing This Company consists of 600 choice men commanded in chief by the King and under his Majesty by a Leader Who exercises this Company every Tuesday fortnight in the Artillery-Ground a spacious Place near Moorfields inclosed for that purpose with a fair Brick-Wall And the other Tuesday the Exercise is performed by the several Members of the Company who are there trained up to command most of them being Commanders of the Train-Bands They have a Court-Marshal consisting of a President Vice-President Colonel and 24 Members of the Company On the second Tuesday in February is their general Rendezvous every Year when they chuse their Officers Which besides the Leader are two Lieutenants 2 Ensigns 2 Sergeants a Provost Marshal 3 Gentlemen of Arms c. The Church-Government is by the Bishop of London The Parishes whereof for the most part provided with able and eminent Divines under the Title of Rector or Vicar are under his Jurisdiction And for maintaining these Divines with their Families there is in most Parishes a Parsonage or Vicarage-House with a yearly Allowance besides the Perquisites arising from Christenings Marriages and Burials Which Allowance since the Reformation falls much short of what it was in the time of Popery when besides the Tythes of the Tradesmens Gains the Mortuaries Obits c. the Priest tho' in a state of Celibacy had 3 shillings and 5 pence in the pound of the yearly Rent of all the Houses and Shops in his Parish Which afterwards was brought to 2 shillings 9 pence in the pound by an Act of Parliament under the Reign of Henry VIII and that confirmed by a subsequent Act. But since the Reformation this being lookt upon as too large an Allowance it has been so curtailed that 't will be hard to bring back that golden Age. 'T is true under the Reign of Charles II. a Regulation was made by Act of Parliament but it concerned only those Parishes whose Churches had been demolished by the dreadfull Fire And according to the several Extents of Parishes the Parsons thereof by virtue of that Act have a certain yearly Allowance none under 100 Pounds and none above 200 but most between one and two hundred Pounds The same to be raised in lieu of Tythe within the said respective Parishes by rating the Houses and Shops therein proportionably to their respective Rents As to those Parishes all over the City and Suburbs where there is besides the Parson a Lecturer he has his maintenance no otherwise than by a voluntary Contribution from the Parishioners As for the City of Westminster the Dean and Chapter are invested with all mander of Jurisdiction both Civil and Ecclesiastical not only within the City of Westminster but also in other Places of their Jurisdiction as the Precincts of S. Martin le Grand within the Walls of London and some Towns in Essex The Dean in particular has a Commission of Peace within the City and Liberties of Westminster The principal Officer in it called the High Steward of Westminster is usually one of the prime Nobility Under whom there is a Deputy Steward then the Bayliff and the two high Burgesses these chosen every Year Within the Precincts of Westminster but chiefly near the Court the Nobility and Gentry take up for the most part their Quarters But the proper Station of the Lawyers is in their Inns between the City and the Court and that of Merchants and Seamen in and about the East-end of the City Thus you have a short Description of the famous City of London the Metropolis of England the Seat of the British Empire the Epitome and Glory of this Kingdom A City which for Greatness Beauty Conveniencies Plenty of Provisions Commerce Riches and good Government is inferiour to none beyond Sea 'T is a Magazine of all sorts of Commodities necessary or expedient for the Use or Pleasure of Mankind The great Rendez-vous of the Nobility Gentry Courtiers Divines Lawyers Physicians Merchants Seamen of the best Artificers the most refined Wits and the greatest Beauties of the Land For a constant Supply of Provisions here are abundance of Markets the best furnished of any in Christendom but especially Leaden-Hall-Market near the Royal Exchange in the City the greatest Flesh-Market about the City and a great Magazine of Corn. So that there is scarce a great City in Europe where poor People or such as love a frugal Life may live cheaper or the splendid Liver gallanter To get a Livelyhood and raise himself in the World no Place like this by Mechanick or Liberal Arts by Merchandizing Offices Preferments c. For Conveniencies and Delight here all is at hand and scarce any Thing wanting that Money can purchase In point of Society here learned and unlearned high and low rich and poor good and bad may fit themselves any where And this I must needs say to the Praise of London that there is not a Place in Europe of such a vast Confluence of all sorts of People where Murders and Outrages so frequent in great and populous Cities beyond Sea are so seldom heard of Which argues a great deal of Wisdom in the Magistrate that so great a Body should be kept in so good Order William the Conquerour to prevent Disorders and Mischiefs in the Night commanded that in every Town and Village a Bell called Curfew-Bell a Corrupt Word from the French Couvre-feu should be rung every Night at 8 of the Clock and that all people should then put out their Fire and Candle This continued in his Reign and that of his next Successor William Rufus But Henry I. revoked
of the Officers of Arms with a Sergeant at Arms and two Trumpets went before to Temple-Bar where the Lord Mayor Aldermen and Sheriffs were by this time arrived and had ordered the Gates to be shut The Herald at Arms knocked thereat and the Sheriffs being come to the Gate on Horse-back he acquainted them That he came by Order of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal assembled at Westminster to demand Entrance into that famous City for the Proclaiming of WILLIAM and MART King and Queen of England France and Ireland and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging and therefore required their speedy Answer Whereupon the said Sheriffs ordered the Gates to be opened Thus the Head-Bayliff Constables and Beadles of Westminster being left without the Bar the rest of the Proceeding entered Where they found the Lord Mayor Aldermen Recorder and Sheriffs all in their Formalities and on Horse-back Except the Lorâ— Mayor who was in his Coach attended by the Sword-bearer and other of his Officers The Proceeding being there joyfully received they made a Stand between the two Temple-Gates and Proclaimed Their Majesties a second time From whence they marched towards Cheapside a Class of the City-Trumpets and the Lord Mayor's Livery-men leading the Way the said Aldermen and Lord Mayor falling into the Proceeding And near Wood-street end the Place where Cheap-side Cross formerly stood they made another stand and Proclaimed Their Majesties a third time At last arriving at the Royal Exchange about two of the Clock they Proclaimed Them a fourth time Each Proclamation was ecchoed with universal Acclamations of Joy by the Multitudes of people which crowded the Streets Windows and Balconies the Streets all the way from Temple-Bar to the Royal Exchange being lined with four Regiments of the City Militia And the Night was concluded with Bonfires Ringing of Bells and all other Expressions of Duty and Affection towards Their Majesties King WILLIAM and Queen MARY with hearty Wishes for Their long and happy Reign Their Coronation was performed at Westminster in Manner following Apr. 11th 1689. Their Majesties being come about Noon from Whitehall to the Palace at Westminster where the Nobility and others who were to go into the Proceeding were assembled came down in State from the House of Lords to Westminster-Hall then fitted up for this great Solemnity Where being seated on the Throne the Sword of State the Curtana or pointless Sword being an Emblem of Mercy and the two pointed Swords together with the gold Spurs were presented to Their Majesties and laid on a Table before Them Then the Dean and Prebends of Westminster having before brought the Crowns and other Regalia in solemn Procession from the Collegiate Church there came up the Hall and presented them severally to Their Majesties Which being likewise laid on the Table were together with the four Swords and Spurs delivered to the Lords appointed to carry them in the Procession which was thus First marched The Drums and Trumpets The Six Clerks in Chancery two abreast as the rest of the Proceeding went Chaplains having Dignities The Aldermen of London Masters in Chancery Sollicitor and Attorney General Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber Judges Then the Children of Westminster and of the King's Chappel The Choir of Westminster Gentlemen of the Chappel Prebend of Westminster Master of the Jewel-House Privy Counsellors not Peers Two Pursuivants The Baronesses Barons Bishops A Pursuivant A Vicountess The Vicounts Two Heralds The Dutchesses The Dukes Two Kings of Arms. The Lord Privy Seal Lord President of the Council Arch-bishop of York The Prince of Denmark Two Persons in Robes of State representing the Dukes of Aquitain and Normandy Next the Lords who bore Their Majesties Regalia with the Sergeants at Arms going on each side of them Viz. The Earl of Manchester carrying S. Edward's Staff and the Lord Grey of Ruthen now Vicount of Longueville the Spurs The Earl of Clare carrying the Queen's Scepter with the Cross and the Earl of Northampton the King's The Earls of Shrewsbury Derby and Pembroke the three Swords Then Garter King Arms between the Vsher of the Black Rod and the Lord Mayor of London The Lord Great Chamberlain single The Earl of Oxford with the Sword of State between the Duke of Norfolk Earl Marshal and the Duke of Ormond Lord High Constable for that Day Next the Earl of Bedford with the Queen's Scepter of the Dove and the Earl of Rutland with the Kings The Duke of Bolton with the Queens Orb and the Duke of Grafton with the Kings The Duke of Somerset with the Queen's Crown and the Earl of Devonshire Lord Steward of the King's Houshold and Lord High Steward of England for that Day with the King's Crown The Bishop of London with the Bible between the Bishop of S. Asaph with the Paten and the Bishop of Rochester with the Chalice The KING and QUEEN followed next under a rich Canopy born by Sixteen Barons of the Cinque-Ports the King assisted by the â—ishop of Winchester and the Queen by the Bishop of Bristol Both Their Majesties array'd in Royal Robes of Crimson Velvet furred with Ermine the King with a Velvet Cap and the Queen with a gold Circlet on her head His Majesties Train born by the Master of the Robes assisted by the Lords Eland Willoughby Lansdowne and Dunblain and Her Majesties by the Dutchess of Somerset assisted by the Ladies Eliz. Pawlet Diana Vere Eliz. Cavendish and Henrietta Hyde The Gentlemen Pensioners marched on each side of the Canopy Next to the King followed a Gentleman and two Grooms of the Bed-Chamber And after the Queen a Lady of the Bed-Chamber and two of Her Majesties Women Who were followed by the Captain of His Majesties Gard between the Captain of the Yeomen of the Gard and the Captain of the Band of Pensioners And these by the Officers and Band of the Yeomen of the Gard who closed the Proceeding Thus Their Majesties with all the Nobility in Crimson-Velvet Robes and their Coronets in their hands and the rest of the Proceeding being richly habited or wearing their proper and peculiar Robes proceeded on foot upon blue Cloth spread from the Steps of the Throne in Westminster-Hall to the Steps of the Theater in the Quire of the Collegiate Church of S. Peter Westminster The whole Passage was Railed in and Garded with Their Majesties Horse and Foot-Gards all the Way and Houses on each side being Crowded with vast Number of Spectators expressing their great Joy and Satisfaction by loud repeated Acclamations Being entred the Church and the Nobility and others all duly placed Their Majesties ascended the Theater Who being seated in their Chairs of State the Bishop of London who performed this great Solemnity began with the Recognition which ended with a mighty Shout Then Their Majesties Offered and the Lords who bore the Regalia presented them at the Altar where they were deposited After that the Litany was sung by two Bishops And after the Epistle Gospel and Nicene Creed the Bishop
by many Records anâ— Precedents touching this Matter in the Appendix to Petyt's Miscellanea Parliamentaria Which does not quadrate with the Opinion of those who have affirmed that there was never any Parliament in England according to the present Constitution thereof till the Reign of Henry III that is betwixt four and five hundred Years since and that the grand Council consisted only of the great Men of the Nation till that King was pleased to call the Commons to sit also in Parliament The Power of Convening or Calling a Parliament is solely in the King But if the King be under Age or not Compos Mentis or Absent out of the Realm upon some Expedition 't is lodged in the Protector or Regent who then summons the Parliament but still in the King's Name The Summons ought to be at least 40 Days before the Day appointed for the Meeting and it is done by Writ in Law-Latin expressing that it is with the Advice of the Privy Council Which Writ is a kind of short Letter directed and sent by the Lord Chancellour or Commissioners of the Chancery to every Lord Spiritual and Temporal to appear at a certain Time and Place to treat and give their Advice in some important Affairs concerning the Church and State c. And as for the House of Commons Writs are sent to all the Sheriffs commanding them to summon the People to elect two Knights for each County two Citizens for each City and one or two Burgesses for each Borough according to Statute Charter or Custom And whereas there are some Cities and Towns that are Counties of themselves or that have each within it self the Priviledge of a County the Writ is directed to them as it is to Sheriffs of other Counties At every County after the Delivery of the Parliament Writ to the Sheriffs Proclamation is made in the full County of the Day and Place appointed for the Parliament to sit and for all Freeholders to attend such a Time and Place for the Election of the Knights for that County But the Sheriff ought to give a convenient Time for the Day of Election and sufficient Warning to those that have Voices that they may be present Otherwise the Election is not good if for want of due Notice part of the Electors be absent Now by an Act in the Reign of Henry VI it was Ordained that none should have any Suffrage in the Election of the Knights of the Shire but such as were Freeholders did reside in the County and had a yearly Revenue at least to the Value of 40 Shillings which before the Discovery of the Gold and Silver in America was as much as 30 l. now And the Sheriff has Power by the said Act to examine upon Oath every such Chuser how much he may expend by the Year if he doubt the value of it If any Man keep a Houshold in one County and remain in Service with another Family in another County yet he may be at the Chusing of Knights of the Shire where he Keeps his Family for it shall be said in Law a Dwelling in that County The Election ought to be in full County between 8 and 9 of the Clock according to Statute And no Election says the Lord Coke can be made of any Knight of the Shire but between 8 and 11 of the Clock in the Forenoon But if the Election be begun within the Time and cannot be determined within those Hours the Election may be proceeded upon Before Election can be made or Voices given the Precept directed to the Sheriff ought to be read and published And if the Party or Freeholders demand the Poll the Sheriff ought not to deny the Scrutiny for he cannot discern who be Freeholders by the View In short of so many as stand for Competitors the two that have most Voices are declared to be duly elected for the insuing Parliament Plurality of Voices does likewise carry it for Citizens that stand for Cities and Burgesses for Boroughs Where in some Places none but Freeholders have a Right of Election in others all Housholders have a share in it And though no Alien can be a Parliament Man yet if he be a Housholder his Voice is good as in the Election of the Members for the City of Westminster A Burgess elected for two several Boroughs as it sometimes happens must wave one Election when he comes to the House and chuse for which Place of the two he will serve so as a Writ may issue for a new Election that the Number may be full All Elections ought to be freely and indifferently made notwithstanding any Prayer or Command to the contrary Or else the Parliament is not as it should be free 'T is true the Elections can never be so free as not to be liable to the Temptations of private Interest or the Influence of Feasting two unavoidable Evils Yet it does not follow but that a Parliament may be called Free when the Court has no hand in the Elections by such unlawful Methods as were used in the late Reign by Closetting by fair Promises and foul Threats The Returns concerning the Parties chosen are made in the Crown-Office by the Sheriffs Mayors or Bayliffs whom the Writs were sent to and to whom it belongs to manage the Elections Upon a false Return which happens but too frequently the Sheriff who made the Return is liable to the Forfeiture of 100 l. to the King and 100 l. more to the Party injured and to be Imprisoned for a Year without Bail or Mainprize And every Mayor or Magistrate of a Town so offending is to pay 40 l. to the King and as much to the Party This Action to be within 3 Months after the Parliament commenced by the Party injured or by any other Man who will In the mean time the Party returned remains a Member of the House till his Election be declared void by the same For denying the Poll when required also for advising and abetting the same the guilty Party has been adjudged by the House to stand Committed to the Sergeant during Pleasure to pay all due Fees to defray the Charge of Witnesses to be Assessed by four of the Committee to acknowledge his Offence upon his Knees at the Bar and read a Submission This was the Case of Thomson Sheriff of York and his Abettor Alderman Henlow in the Reign of Charles I. The Persons to be Elected as the fittest to answer the true Interest of the Nation ought to be Sober Understanding Well-principled and Well-affected to the establish'd Government by Law If Men of Estates it is so much the better such Men being supposed to be less Corruptible But this is left to the Peoples Choice 'T is true that by Law such as stand for Knights of the Shire ought to be Knights Esquires or Gentlemen fit to be made Knights By the Statute none ought to be chosen a Burgess of a Town in which he do's not inhabit But the Usage of
72 Earls 9 Viscounts 65 Barons and 26 Spiritual Lords whereof 2 Arch-bishops and 24 Bishops But the King may by virtue of his Prerogative increase the Number of the Peers to sit and vote in their House as Barons by sending his Writs for that pupose to whomsoever His Majesty thinks fit for that Service The Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper when there is one is of course the Speaker of this House Otherwise they may appoint any of their own Members or else one of the Judges for that Place as in the Case of their late Speaker the Right Honourable the Marquis of Hallifax and that of Sir Robert Atkins Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer the present Speaker of the House of Lords Besides the first Wool-sack which is the usual Seat for the Lord Chancellor or Lord Keeper there are other Wool-sacks Upon which the Judges the Kings Council at Law and the Masters of Chancery not being Barons sit not to give their Suffrage but only their Advice when required thereto The Use of which Wool-sacks is probably to put them in mind of the great Advantages the English Wool has brought to this Nation so that it may never be neglected On the lowermost Wool sack are placed the Clerk of the Crown and Clerk of the Parliament The first being concerned in all Writs of and Pardons in Parliament and the other in keeping the Records of all Things passed therein Under this there are two Clerks who kneeling behind the Wool-sack write upon it Without the Bar of the House sits the Black Rod so called from a black Stick he carries in his hand who is as it were the Messenger of this House For he is imploy'd amongst other Things to call for the House of Commons to the House of Lords upon His Majesties Command and to his Custody are Committed all such Peers as the House things fit to Commit upon any Trespass Under him is a Yeoman Vsher that waits at the Door within a Crier without and a Sergeant at Mace always attending the Speaker The House of Commons otherwise called the Lower house is by much the greater Body of the two For as England consists of 40 Counties in which there are 25 Cities 8 Cinque-Ports 2 Universities and 168 Borough-Towns all which are Priviledged to send Members to Parâ—ament if we reckon two Members from each the Whole amounts to 486 Members To which adding 24 from Wales the Whole is 510. 'T is true there are three Boroughs in England each of which sends but one Member viz. Abington in Oxfordshire Higham-Ferrers in Northamptonshire and Bewdley in Worcestershire But these three wanting of the Number are made up by the City of London which sends four Members and by the City of Bath which sends three Of all this great Number many are usually absent upon Business or Sickness c. So that if they be three hundred met together 't is counted a pretty full House And if they be but forty Members in all they make a house This House representing the whole Commons of the Realm do's generally consist of the Flower of the Gentry some of them Noblemens Sons Privy Counsellors Courtiers Men learned in the Law Officers and Commanders Merchants c. but most of them Gentlemen of good Estates with the advantage of a liberal and genteel Education This is an aggregate Body from all Parts of the Nation whose Learning and Eloquence Wit and Policy strive to outdo each other A â—oble School for young Gentlemen chiefly to be versed in Things relating to the English Government Here they Sit promiscuously except the â—peaker who has a Chair placed about the middle of the Room with a Table before him the Clerk of the House sitting near him at the Table But none wears a Robe but the Speaker except as I hinted before the Members of Parliament for the City of London who at their first Meeting appear in their Scarlet Robes Every Member wears what he fancies most and so do the Temporal Lords in their House on all Days when the King comes not thither in State To Strangers I confess it looks something odd that so august an Assembly vested with a Legislative Power and met together for the Exercise of the same should have no proper Garb for so great a Council but appear in their usual Dress But Custom has so far prevailed against the Inconveniencies that attend those Formalities which the English Nebility and Gentry are generally averse from that they are not like to be ever ballanced by the Respect and Veneration that might be gained as in forein Countries by the small trouble of them The usual Time for the Meeting of each House is in the Forenoon from eight or nine a clock till twelve or one except Sundays high Festivals and Fast-Days These Things being premised my next Business is to speak about the Choice of the Speaker of the House of Commons Who is the Mouth of the House and so necessary a Part thereof that they can do no Business without him For 't is the Speakers Part to see the Orders of the House observed to state the Bills that are brought in to collect the Substance of the Debates and the Sense of the House upon them The fitst Day each Member is called by his Name every one answering for what Place he serveth That done a Motion is made to chuse their Speaker who ought to be a Person of great Ability and is usually one of the long Robe And to avoid all Delays the Choice is commonly such as the King approves of This Choice is made by the Plurality of Votes Upon which the Party chosen desires according to ancient Custom to be excused from so weighty an Office and prays the House to proceed to a new Election But he is commonly answered with a full Consent of Voices upon his Name And then two of the principal Members go to him and lead him from his Place to the Speakers Chair where being set they return to their Places Then the Speaker rises and makes a short Speech to the House consisting of his humble Thanks for their good Opinion of him with Promises of his best Indeavours for their Service At the Day appointed for his Presentation to the King which is usually the next Day His Majesty being come to the House of Lords in his Royal Robes and the Lords also in their Robes the Commons are called in Who being come the Speaker is brought between two of them with low Obeysance to the Bar and so presented at the Bar to His Majesty where he makes likewise a modest Refusal But the King approving the Commons Choice and not allowing of his Excuse the Speaker nakes an Oration to His Majesty the Matter whereof is left to his own Thoughts having â—o Direction about it from the Commons But it usually ends with these three Petitions First that the Commons may have during their Sitting a free Acess to His Majesty Secondly Freedom of Speech in their