atque_fw-la supâ—_n mâ—nerâ—_n ministri_fw-la notantur_fw-la and_o also_o in_o his_o perambulation_n of_o kent_n sai_z 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v usual_o take_v for_o the_o very_a same_o that_o we_o call_v now_o from_o the_o latin_a word_n gentilis_fw-la a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o man_n well_o bear_v or_o of_o good_a stock_n and_o family_n so_o that_o i_o think_v nothing_o can_v be_v more_o evident_a than_o that_o according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a critic_n in_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n the_o word_n thane_n do_v not_o always_o signify_v a_o great_a lord_n or_o baron_n of_o parliament_n as_o he_o be_v now_o call_v in_o distinction_n to_o a_o inferior_a nobleman_n or_o gentleman_n and_o that_o there_o be_v also_o burgh_n thanes_z thanes_z of_o city_n and_o borough_n will_v evident_o appear_v from_o a_o writ_n or_o charter_n of_o k._n edward_n the_o confessor_n westmin_fw-la which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d willem_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d alle_fw-mi my_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d on_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o charter_n with_o divers_a other_o of_o like_a nature_n confirm_v the_o privilege_n of_o that_o monastery_n be_v collect_v by_o a_o monk_n of_o westminster_n call_v sulcardus_n who_o live_v not_o long_o after_o the_o conquest_n in_o the_o next_o place_n as_o for_o the_o word_n magnate_v though_o i_o grant_v it_o there_o often_o signify_v great_a man_n or_o lord_n yet_o not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v lord_n or_o nobleman_n by_o birth_n but_o as_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o by_o several_a instance_n as_o well_o before_o as_o after_o the_o norman_a entrance_n that_o it_o likewise_o also_o comprehend_v the_o gentry_n or_o inferior_a nobility_n and_o such_o as_o be_v eminent_a and_o considerable_a either_o in_o the_o country_n or_o city_n for_o interest_n office_n or_o estate_n as_o for_o the_o word_n optimates_fw-la i_o know_v it_o signify_v the_o better_a or_o best_a sort_n of_o man_n yet_o not_o always_o great_a nobleman_n or_o lord_n for_o in_o monastic_a anglic._n tom._n 3._o we_o read_v of_o one_o goda_n who_o under_o edw._n the_o confessor_n subscribe_v himself_o optimatem_fw-la &_o ministrum_fw-la regalem_fw-la i._n e._n thane_n and_o lest_o you_o shall_v apprehend_v that_o optimas_fw-la shall_v always_o signify_v the_o king_n thane_n or_o tenent_n in_o capite_fw-la du_fw-fr fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n define_v optimates_fw-la to_o be_v vassalli_n barones_n qui_fw-la ab_fw-la ullo_fw-la domino_fw-la ratione_fw-la hominu_n need_n pendet_fw-la but_o i_o shall_v speak_v more_o of_o this_o word_n optimates_fw-la when_o i_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o time_n not_o long_o after_o william_n the_o first_o in_o the_o next_o place_n for_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la it_o do_v not_o only_o signify_v man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o isidore_n a_o spanish_a author_n in_o the_o gothic-time_n in_o his_o origines_fw-la lib._n 9_o cap._n 4._o say_v thus_o proceres_fw-la sunt_fw-la principes_fw-la civium_fw-la and_o that_o this_o word_n often_o signify_v in_o the_o ancient_a english_a saxon_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n of_o city_n or_o burgh_n 56._o appear_v by_o alfrick_n ancient_a glossary_a where_o these_o word_n proceres_fw-la primate_fw-la vel_fw-la primores_fw-la he_o thus_o render_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d buph_n papa_n 420._o and_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n say_v also_o proceres_fw-la appâ—â—labantur_fw-la qui_fw-la in_o civitatibus_fw-la pracipuos_fw-la magistratus_fw-la gerebant_fw-la as_o for_o the_o word_n principes_fw-la any_o man_n that_o understand_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n know_v that_o it_o do_v not_o always_o signify_v prince_n or_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n but_o any_o chief_a or_o principal_a man_n remarkable_a by_o place_n office_n or_o dignity_n and_o therefore_o we_o often_o read_v in_o livy_n and_o other_o latin_a author_n of_o principes_fw-la civitatis_fw-la and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o suppose_v every_o member_n of_o parliament_n may_v be_v reckon_v inter_fw-la principes_fw-la among_o the_o most_o considerable_a or_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o when_o our_o ancient_a english_a historian_n as_o well_o before_o as_o immediate_o after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n do_v often_o after_o the_o arch-bishop_n bishop_n etc._n etc._n add_v &_o caeteri_fw-la totiâ—â—_n regni_fw-la proceres_fw-la &_o optimates_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la as_o member_n of_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n yet_o that_o these_o writer_n do_v not_o then_o mean_v what_o you_o will_v understand_v by_o these_o word_n only_a prince_n earl_n or_o great_a lord_n mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n teach_v we_o 605._o when_o speak_v of_o this_o word_n principes_fw-la as_o the_o most_o comprehensive_a of_o any_o say_v that_o though_o princeps_fw-la in_o the_o singular_a be_v proper_a to_o every_o earl_n or_o alderman_n yet_o in_o the_o plural_a principes_fw-la be_v more_o often_o apply_v comprehensive_o to_o other_o also_o of_o less_o though_o of_o special_a eminency_n such_o as_o be_v viri_fw-la primarii_fw-la or_o thanes_z and_o for_o this_o he_o refer_v we_o to_o the_o charter_n of_o king_n ethelwulf_n as_o it_o be_v recite_v by_o w._n of_o malmsbury_n lib._n 2_o cap._n 2._o and_o ingulph_n wherein_o that_o king_n grant_v tithe_n frank._n and_o divers_a other_o privilege_n to_o the_o church_n abbey_n of_o malmsbury_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v consilio_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la snorum_fw-la as_o also_o of_o hen._n hunt_n ibid._n who_o relate_v the_o election_n of_o harold_n the_o son_n of_o king_n cnute_n express_v it_o thus_o fuit_fw-la magnum_fw-la placitum_fw-la apud_fw-la oxonford_n ubi_fw-la leofricus_n consul_n &_o omnes_fw-la principes_fw-la eligerunt_fw-la heraldum_n last_o as_o for_o the_o word_n wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la there_o can_v be_v nothing_o in_o that_o word_n which_o can_v limit_v it_o only_o to_o man_n noble_a by_o birth_n since_o it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o the_o king_n be_v great_a council_n of_o wise_a man_n or_o senator_n and_o may_v also_o well_o refer_v to_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n or_o representative_n of_o great_a city_n and_o borough_n for_o du_n fresne_n in_o his_o glossary_n tell_v we_o 700._o that_o among_o the_o lâ—mbards_n sapientes_fw-la in_o italia_n appellabant_fw-la &_o civitatum_fw-la cives_fw-la primarii_fw-la quorum_fw-la consilio_fw-la respublicae_fw-la gerebantur_fw-la hieron_n rubeus_n lib._n hist._n raven_n anno_fw-la 1297._o sed_fw-la long_o antea_fw-la illud_fw-la nomen_fw-la abtâ—â—uit_fw-la in_o aliis_fw-la longobardâ—rum_fw-la civitatibus_fw-la ut_fw-la colligere_fw-la liceret_fw-la ex_fw-la ottone_n &_o acerbo_fw-la morena_n in_o hist._n rerum_fw-la lâ—ndevetium_n etc._n etc._n nor_o be_v this_o authority_n inconsiderable_a since_o the_o lombard_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o goth_n gothicam_fw-la from_o who_o also_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v their_o original_a and_o have_v the_o like_a fundamental_a constitution_n and_o be_v govern_v by_o much_o the_o same_o law_n but_o that_o the_o title_n of_o wites_z or_o sapientes_fw-la be_v often_o attribute_v to_o the_o commons_o of_o england_n i_o shall_v explain_v to_o you_o when_o i_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o after_o the_o norman_n entrance_n where_o i_o shall_v show_v you_o that_o divers_a petition_n be_v direct_v a_o tres_fw-la sage_n les_fw-fr commune_v and_o sure_o whosoever_o be_v choose_v by_o a_o county_n city_n or_o borough_n as_o their_o representative_a and_o be_v by_o they_o think_v wise_a enough_o to_o be_v trust_v with_o their_o purse_n and_o to_o make_v law_n for_o they_o may_v very_o well_o i_o think_v be_v call_v in_o old_a english_a a_o wite_n or_o in_o our_o modern_a dialect_n a_o disercet_a or_o wise_a man_n but_o let_v this_o word_n wite_v signify_v what_o it_o will_v yet_o it_o can_v never_o mean_v here_o great_a lawyer_n or_o judge_n as_o your_o dr._n will_v have_v it_o since_o i_o very_o much_o doubt_n whether_o law_n be_v then_o a_o trade_n or_o profession_n or_o not_o and_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o those_o day_n have_v not_o any_o more_o voice_n in_o make_v law_n than_o they_o have_v now_o or_o any_o more_o to_o do_v in_o it_o than_o in_o the_o bare_a draw_v of_o they_o up_o i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v since_o if_o they_o have_v any_o such_o power_n in_o those_o day_n i_o do_v not_o believe_v our_o king_n will_v ever_o have_v let_v they_o have_v lose_v it_o since_o it_o be_v so_o advantageous_a to_o their_o prerogative_n that_o they_o shall_v keep_v it_o i_o can_v give_v you_o divers_a other_o authority_n though_o of_o late_a date_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o commons_o be_v often_o include_v under_o the_o word_n sapientes_fw-la in_o our_o ancient_a statute_n and_o record_n but_o i_o refer_v those_o for_o the_o time_n after_o the_o conquest_n but_o i_o beg_v your_o pardon_n for_o be_v so_o
supreme_a power_n and_o his_o minister_n or_o officer_n as_o powers_z subordinate_a to_o he_o and_o act_v by_o his_o commission_n be_v to_o be_v submit_v to_o and_o obey_v as_o much_o as_o himself_o and_o it_o have_v be_v in_o vain_a for_o st._n peter_n to_o have_v conclude_v this_o exhortation_n with_o fear_n god_n and_o honour_n the_o king_n if_o he_o have_v allow_v it_o lawful_a in_o any_o case_n to_o resist_v he_o since_o certain_o no_o man_n can_v honour_v he_o who_o he_o resist_v and_o that_o this_o be_v a_o doctrine_n everlasting_o true_a appear_v by_o the_o time_n in_o which_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n write_v these_o epistle_n which_o be_v either_o under_o the_o reign_v of_o claudius_n or_o nero_n and_o i_o suppose_v you_o will_v hardly_o meet_v with_o two_o worse_a man_n or_o more_o cruel_a tyrant_n in_o all_o the_o catalogue_n of_o emperor_n since_o the_o former_a commit_v many_o wicked_a and_o cruel_a thing_n by_o his_o freedman_n and_o officer_n and_o also_o banish_v the_o jew_n and_o christian_n together_o with_o they_o from_o rome_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v so_o notorious_a for_o his_o cruelty_n and_o persecution_n of_o the_o christian_n that_o his_o name_n pass_v into_o a_o proverb_n and_o yet_o these_o be_v the_o high_a power_n to_o who_o the_o apostle_n command_v they_o to_o be_v subject_a from_o whence_o you_o may_v see_v your_o error_n in_o interpret_n the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o signify_v just_a and_o lawful_a authority_n whereas_o it_o plain_o signify_v in_o this_o place_n the_o man_n vest_v with_o this_o authority_n howsoever_o tyrannical_o they_o abuse_v it_o f._n you_o have_v make_v a_o pretty_a long_a reply_n and_o i_o have_v hear_v it_o patient_o because_o i_o confess_v that_o on_o this_o depend_v the_o whole_a controversy_n between_o we_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v beg_v that_o you_o will_v hear_v i_o with_o the_o like_a patience_n because_o what_o you_o have_v now_o say_v i_o grant_v to_o be_v of_o that_o weight_n as_o to_o require_v a_o large_a as_o well_o as_o a_o considerable_a reply_n and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v make_v bold_a to_o consider_v the_o last_o part_n of_o your_o speech_n in_o the_o first_o place_n because_o i_o can_v soon_o dispatch_v it_o as_o for_o your_o argument_n that_o we_o ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o most_o tyrannical_a governor_n without_o any_o resistance_n because_o claudius_n or_o nero_n who_o you_o suppose_v to_o be_v cruel_a tyrant_n then_o govern_v the_o empire_n and_o persecute_v the_o christian_n in_o answer_n to_o this_o i_o must_v tell_v you_o that_o if_o you_o please_v better_a to_o consider_v of_o it_o you_o will_v find_v it_o very_o doubtful_a whether_o st._n paul_n write_v this_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o claudius_n or_o nero._n the_o learned_a mounseur_fw-fr capel_n in_o his_o discourse_n which_o he_o have_v write_v on_o purpose_n concern_v the_o time_n of_o the_o write_n of_o this_o epistle_n prove_v this_o epistle_n to_o the_o roman_n to_o have_v be_v write_v during_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o claudius_n but_o those_o learned_a man_n who_o will_v have_v it_o write_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n do_v all_o agree_v that_o it_o be_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o it_o within_o the_o first_o five_o year_n when_o the_o administration_n of_o affair_n be_v under_o the_o ministry_n of_o seneca_n and_o burrhus_n and_o when_o the_o government_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v most_o just_a and_o moderate_a and_o divers_a year_n before_o ever_o nero_n burn_v the_o city_n or_o persecute_v the_o christian_n and_o do_v so_o many_o extravagant_a cruel_a and_o tyrannical_a action_n as_o force_v the_o senate_n to_o declare_v he_o the_o enemy_n of_o mankind_n but_o as_o for_o claudius_n he_o never_o persecute_v the_o christian_n at_o all_o as_o i_o know_v of_o m._n i_o pray_v sir_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o interrupt_v you_o a_o little_a do_v not_o claudius_n persecute_v the_o christian_n when_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o jew_n he_o banish_v they_o from_o rome_n as_o appear_v by_o act_n the_o eighteen_o when_o aquila_n and_o priscilla_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v italy_n and_o come_v into_o greece_n because_o of_o that_o edict_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v this_o very_a claudius_n to_o who_o st._n peter_n if_o not_o st._n paul_n do_v require_v all_o man_n to_o be_v subject_a without_o any_o resistance_n f._n i_o think_v this_o difficulty_n will_v easy_o be_v answer_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n though_o i_o grant_v that_o claudius_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n banish_v the_o jew_n from_o rome_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o banish_v the_o christian_n from_o thence_o as_o we_o know_v of_o any_o otherwise_o than_o as_o they_o be_v jew_n by_o nation_n and_o upon_o this_o account_n it_o be_v that_o aquila_n be_v a_o jew_n by_o birth_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v rome_n with_o the_o rest_n but_o neither_o suetonius_n nor_o any_o other_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o likewise_o banish_v the_o christian_n though_o i_o know_v indeed_o there_o be_v some_o learned_a man_n that_o will_v interpret_v this_o passage_n in_o the_o former_a author_n in_o his_o life_n of_o claudius_n judaeos_fw-la tumultuantes_fw-la impulsante_n cresto_n româ_fw-la expulit_fw-la to_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o christian_n be_v expel_v rome_n as_o instigate_v by_o christ_n their_o prophet_n to_o sedition_n but_o though_o i_o own_o that_o our_o saviour_n be_v sometime_o call_v chrestus_n by_o the_o pagan_n by_o way_n of_o contempt_n yet_o that_o by_o this_o chrestus_n here_o mention_v can_v be_v understand_v our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v very_o evident_a for_o it_o have_v be_v very_o improbable_a for_o suetonius_n to_o have_v make_v christ_n who_o be_v dead_a above_o thirty_o year_n before_o to_o have_v excite_v the_o jew_n to_o sedition_n and_o therefore_o the_o lord_n primate_n usher_n in_o the_o second_o volume_n of_o his_o annal_n with_o much_o better_a reason_n suppose_v that_o not_o our_o saviour_n but_o some_o seditious_a jew_n call_v crestus_n who_o head_v this_o sedition_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o jew_n from_o rome_n so_o that_o this_o be_v no_o more_o a_o persecution_n for_o religion_n than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v for_o the_o parliament_n in_o king_n charles_n the_o second_o reign_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o popish_a plot_n to_o have_v banish_v all_o the_o papist_n out_o of_o england_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o former_a rebellion_n and_o constant_a machination_n to_o overturn_v the_o government_n and_o religion_n establish_v by_o law_n but_o suppose_v this_o edict_n to_o have_v banish_v the_o christian_n as_o well_o as_o jew_n it_o have_v signify_v nothing_o for_o it_o be_v no_o persecution_n for_o religion_n and_o beside_o be_v make_v in_o the_o last_o year_n of_o claudius_n it_o be_v but_o a_o temporary_a edict_n and_o we_o find_v the_o jew_n to_o have_v live_v quiet_o at_o rome_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o last_o chapter_n of_o the_o acts._n but_o as_o for_o claudius_n government_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o insupportable_a tyranny_n that_o there_o be_v no_o prince_n that_o do_v take_v more_o care_n to_o do_v impartial_a justice_n according_a to_o that_o small_a capacity_n he_o be_v master_n of_o than_o himself_o and_o though_o i_o yield_v that_o by_o his_o proconsul_n precedent_n and_o freeman_n there_o be_v many_o oppression_n and_o cruelty_n commit_v in_o the_o province_n yet_o it_o be_v only_o against_o some_o private_a man_n and_o do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o destroy_n and_o enslave_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n who_o during_o his_o reign_n general_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n and_o property_n with_o as_o great_a freedom_n as_o under_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n and_o as_o for_o nero_n all_o ecclesiastical_a historian_n agree_v that_o if_o this_o epistle_n of_o st._n paul_n be_v write_v in_o his_o reign_n it_o be_v within_o the_o first_o five_o year_n of_o it_o which_o be_v in_o his_o nonage_n under_o the_o administration_n of_o seneca_n and_o burrhus_n during_o which_o time_n all_o the_o historian_n agree_v that_o the_o empire_n be_v never_o better_o govern_v and_o as_o for_o the_o wickedness_n and_o violence_n that_o nero_n commit_v afterward_o when_o he_o persecute_v the_o christian_n murder_v his_o mother_n his_o wife_n and_o most_o of_o his_o best_a and_o most_o intimate_a friend_n and_o set_v the_o city_n on_o fire_n st._n paul_n be_v so_o far_o from_o know_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o that_o sure_o he_o will_v not_o have_v urge_v it_o to_o the_o roman_n as_o a_o reason_n of_o their_o subjection_n to_o he_o that_o ruler_n be_v not_o a_o terror_n to_o good_a work_n but_o to_o the_o evil_a or_o that_o he_o be_v a_o minister_n to_o they_o that_o be_v to_o
matth._n paris_n sufficient_o show_v this_o grant_n be_v make_v in_o parliament_n that_o the_o word_n proceres_fw-la often_o include_v not_o only_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n but_o citizen_n and_o burgess_n too_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o various_a signification_n of_o that_o word_n nor_o be_v your_o interpretation_n of_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la for_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la who_o tax_v their_o villani_n any_o other_o than_o a_o mere_a wrest_n of_o these_o word_n for_o if_o they_o be_v only_o those_o who_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o their_o villain_n who_o you_o suppose_v be_v either_o their_o bondman_n or_o else_o their_o rustic_n or_o husbandman_n it_o be_v absolute_o contrary_a both_o to_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o whoever_o hear_v that_o villain_n or_o bondman_n who_o have_v no_o property_n either_o in_o land_n or_o good_n ever_o pay_v tax_n and_o if_o you_o suppose_v that_o these_o villani_n be_v only_o the_o rustic_a tenant_n in_o socage_n by_o villain_n service_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la than_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o all_o the_o military_a or_o feudatory_a tenant_n of_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o all_o tenant_n in_o free_a socage_n by_o certain_a rent_n be_v exempt_a from_o both_o these_o tax_n since_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o once_o mention_v in_o these_o writ_n neither_o can_v be_v comprehend_v under_o these_o villani_n as_o yourself_o must_v acknowledge_v for_o if_o these_o villani_n be_v mere_a rustic_n pray_v tell_v i_o what_o reason_n there_o be_v to_o put_v they_o check_v by_o jowl_n with_o their_o lord_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o as_o if_o they_o have_v give_v by_o themselves_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeman_n of_o the_o kingdom_n or_o what_o reason_n be_v there_o why_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o word_n be_v in_o your_o record_n give_v pro_fw-la se_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la villanis_fw-la if_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la there_o mention_v have_v not_o represent_v they_o which_o can_v never_o have_v be_v say_v with_o any_o sense_n have_v they_o be_v only_o so_o many_o freeman_n or_o master_n over_o their_o slave_n where_o as_o it_o here_o appear_v every_o one_o of_o these_o order_n or_o degree_n of_o man_n here_o mention_v have_v a_o equal_a independent_a power_n to_o give_v for_o themselves_o and_o not_o one_o for_o another_o or_o else_o this_o word_n may_v be_v mean_v in_o a_o large_a sense_n as_o in_o the_o record_n of_o the_o 16_o of_o hen._n 3._o where_o they_o be_v put_v in_o the_o nominative_a case_n as_o equal_a to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o order_n of_o man_n there_o recite_v and_o so_o can_v not_o be_v husbandman_n or_o mere_a villager_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n pof_o city_n and_o burrough_n and_o which_o sense_n sir_n henry_n spellman_n allow_v in_o his_o glossary_n villanus_fw-la est_fw-la qui_fw-la iâ—_n villa_n habitas_fw-la ut_fw-la vrbanus_n ab_fw-la urbe_fw-la etc._n etc._n villa_n autem_fw-la propria_fw-la â—â—â—at_fw-la viculum_fw-la rusticanum_fw-la sed_fw-la a_o â—e_n more_fw-it gallici_fw-la idiomatis_fw-la eraducitur_fw-la ad_fw-la insignia_fw-la oppidu_fw-la &_o ad_fw-la ipsas_fw-la urbes_fw-la but_o take_v it_o in_o what_o sense_n you_o please_v it_o be_v plain_a it_o can_v never_o here_o mean_a mere_a villager_n nor_o can_v all_o your_o liberi_fw-la hominesâ—e_o â—e_z only_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la for_o then_o the_o record_n will_v have_v conclude_v thus_o &_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la qui_fw-la de_fw-la nobis_fw-la tenent_fw-la in_o capite_fw-la as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o record_n you_o have_v cite_v of_o the_o 10_o of_o hen._n 3._o to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o suffex_n and_o may_v be_v find_v in_o many_o other_o record_n which_o respect_v only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la and_o for_o further_a proof_n of_o this_o sense_n of_o the_o word_n villanus_fw-la we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o these_o very_a record_n themselves_o of_o the_o 16_o and_o 21th_o of_o hen._n 3._o which_o you_o and_o i_o have_v now_o make_v use_n of_o in_o both_o which_o writ_n there_o be_v certain_a person_n appoint_v to_o assess_n and_o collect_v the_o aid_n in_o every_o county_n and_o who_o by_o virtue_n of_o these_o writ_n do_v cause_n to_o be_v elect_v four_o of_o the_o best_a and_o most_o lawful_a man_n de_fw-fr singulis_fw-la villis_fw-la of_o each_o hundred_o in_o the_o county_n there_o mention_v and_o then_o the_o villani_n will_v signify_v in_o these_o writ_n not_o villain_n or_o mere_a rustic_n who_o be_v not_o then_o reckon_v inter_fw-la lâ—galea_n homines_fw-la and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a you_o have_v bring_v some_o precedent_n to_o prove_v that_o the_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la give_v tax_n for_o their_o feudatary_a tenant_n yet_o that_o be_v only_a where_o the_o tax_n be_v raise_v upon_o knight_n fee_n alone_o and_o not_o upon_o all_o the_o â—ands_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o general_n much_o less_o upon_o good_n and_o chattel_n so_o that_o either_o the_o liberi_fw-la homines_a mention_v in_o these_o record_n must_v mean_v all_o the_o freeman_n of_o england_n who_o by_o their_o representative_n give_v these_o tax_n of_o a_o 40th_o or_o 30_o paâ—t_n for_o themselves_o and_o all_o such_o of_o their_o tenant_n who_o hold_v estate_n of_o copyhold_n lease_n for_o year_n or_o at_o will_n or_o have_v estate_n in_o stock_n money_n or_o other_o chattel_n nor_o otherwise_o can_v these_o tax_n ever_o have_v be_v general_a not_o charge_v upon_o movable_a good_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n i_o have_v but_o one_o thing_n more_o to_o remark_n upon_o your_o observation_n of_o this_o writ_n which_o be_v that_o whereas_o you_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o king_n summons_n be_v direct_v to_o none_o of_o the_o laity_n but_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o if_o so_o i_o desire_v you_o to_o prove_v to_o i_o that_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v at_o all_o present_a at_o those_o parliament_n for_o you_o have_v already_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v no_o baron_n and_o consequent_o can_v not_o be_v include_v under_o that_o title_n so_o that_o if_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la who_o grant_v this_o tax_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n be_v not_o only_a tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o their_o under_a tenant_n also_o by_o military_a service_n as_o the_o doctor_n himself_o grant_v in_o his_o answer_n to_o argumentum_fw-la antinormannicum_fw-la p._n 25._o as_o also_o in_o his_o glossary_n p._n 51._o therefore_o unless_o you_o can_v prove_v that_o your_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v all_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la you_o will_v never_o make_v out_o that_o none_o but_o they_o and_o the_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la have_v a_o right_a under_o that_o title_n to_o appear_v at_o our_o great_a council_n or_o parliament_n and_o to_o grant_v aid_n and_o join_v in_o the_o make_n of_o law_n for_o themselves_o and_o the_o rest_n of_o he_o nation_n before_o the_o time_n you_o allow_v to_o conclude_v unless_o you_o can_v also_o prove_v that_o there_o be_v a_o tenure_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o good_n and_o chattel_n as_o well_o as_o of_o land_n it_o will_v appear_v by_o these_o aid_n grant_v in_o parliament_n of_o personal_a estate_n that_o all_o freeman_n or_o freeholder_n be_v alike_o free_a and_o consequent_o have_v the_o same_o right_a to_o appear_v in_o parliament_n either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n m._n but_o pray_v make_v out_o if_o you_o can_v by_o some_o more_o evident_a proof_n that_o any_o other_o beside_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la be_v admit_v into_o our_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o liberi_fw-la homines_fw-la be_v not_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la f._n i_o think_v i_o need_v go_v no_o further_o than_o the_o first_o word_n of_o the_o agreement_n between_o king_n john_n and_o the_o baron_n which_o be_v still_o extant_a on_o the_o close_a roll_n of_o the_o 17_o of_o this_o king_n m._n 2._o dorso_fw-la begin_v thus_o have_v est_fw-la convenâ—io_fw-la inter_fw-la dominum_fw-la johannem_fw-la regem_fw-la angliae_fw-la ex_fw-la una_fw-la parte_fw-la &_o robertum_fw-la filii_fw-la walteri_fw-la marescalli_n exerciâ—us_fw-la dei_fw-la &_o sanctae_fw-la ecclesia_fw-la angliae_fw-la &_o ricâ—_n comiâ—em_fw-la dâ—_n clare_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o follow_v the_o name_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n &_o allos_fw-la comites_fw-la &_o barones_n &_o liboros_fw-la homines_fw-la totius_fw-la angliâ—e_fw-la so_o that_o it_o be_v clear_a this_o charter_n be_v grant_v in_o a_o great_a council_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n in_o which_o be_v assemble_v not_o only_o the_o bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n with_o all_o your_o less_o tenant_n in_o capite_fw-la but_o also_o all_o the_o clergy_n as_o well_o the_o inferior_a as_o superior_a and_o all_o the_o freeman_n or_o considerable_a freeholder_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n or_o as_o mr._n selden_n word_n it_o in_o his_o title_n
prolix_a already_o which_o the_o abuse_v your_o dr._n have_v put_v upon_o these_o word_n will_v not_o permit_v i_o to_o avoid_v but_o now_o we_o have_v clear_v most_o of_o the_o term_n in_o dispute_n between_o we_o i_o hope_v we_o may_v proceed_v with_o great_a certainty_n m._n though_o your_o discourse_n have_v be_v long_o yet_o since_o it_o be_v so_o essential_o necessary_a to_o the_o right_a understanding_n the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o be_o well_o satisfy_v and_o i_o shall_v more_o full_o consider_v the_o account_n you_o give_v of_o these_o word_n another_o time_n but_o a_o present_a give_v i_o leave_v to_o tell_v you_o that_o suppose_v i_o shall_v admit_v that_o those_o word_n on_o which_o you_o have_v now_o give_v interpretation_n of_o divers_a author_n may_v sometime_o be_v take_v in_o the_o sense_n you_o have_v now_o put_v upon_o they_o and_o that_o consequent_o the_o commons_o may_v be_v represent_v under_o some_o of_o those_o general_a name_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o satisfy_v how_o the_o alderman_n and_o magistrate_n of_o city_n and_o borough_n can_v be_v include_v under_o this_o word_n wite_v since_o in_o the_o auctuary_n to_o the_o 35_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v say_v erant_fw-la &_o aliae_fw-la potestates_fw-la &_o dignitates_fw-la 67._o per_fw-la provincias_fw-la &_o patrias_n universas_fw-la &_o per_fw-la singulos_fw-la comitatus_fw-la totius_fw-la regni_fw-la constitutae_fw-la qui_fw-la heretoches_n apud_fw-la anglos_n vocabantur_fw-la scilicet_fw-la barones_n nobiles_fw-la &_o ensign_fw-la sapientes_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o gregory_n of_o tours_n rodovicus_fw-la and_o many_o of_o the_o foreign_a ancient_a historian_n mention_v sapientes_fw-la only_a as_o lawyer_n counsellor_n judge_n and_o among_o the_o modern_a foreign_a lawyer_n hottomon_n and_o calvin_n say_v express_o they_o be_v such_o but_o perhaps_o not_o of_o the_o inferior_a ranâ—_n no_o more_o than_o the_o saxon_n sapientes_fw-la be_v of_o which_o their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d only_o consist_v and_o we_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o judge_n and_o king_n council_n and_o other_o great_a lawyer_n that_o sit_v in_o the_o lord_n house_n and_o be_v assistant_n to_o the_o parliament_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n nor_o have_v you_o yet_o bring_v any_o proof_n that_o the_o city_n or_o town_n then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n by_o this_o or_o any_o other_o title_n but_o as_o for_o the_o knight_n of_o shire_n though_o i_o grant_v the_o treatise_n call_v modus_fw-la tenendi_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la mention_n such_o person_n to_o have_v be_v present_a in_o parliament_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n ethelred_n yet_o by_o that_o word_n parliament_n so_o often_o use_v by_o the_o author_n of_o that_o treatise_n and_o divers_a other_o circumstance_n it_o may_v be_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o author_n live_v but_o about_o the_o time_n of_o edw._n 3._o or_o rich._n 2._o as_o mr._n selden_n in_o his_o title_n of_o honour_n and_o mr._n pryn_n in_o his_o animadversion_n to_o sir_n e._n cook_n be_v four_o institutes_n have_v very_o full_o prove_v so_o that_o admit_v that_o your_o thanes_z or_o lord_n of_o town_n do_v then_o appear_v in_o those_o council_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o tenant_n yet_o can_v they_o not_o be_v proper_o say_v to_o be_v their_o representative_n because_o as_o i_o tell_v you_o before_o they_o be_v never_o choose_v by_o they_o whereas_o now_o the_o ordinary_a freeholder_n of_o forty_o shilling_n a_o year_n and_o the_o freeman_n and_o inhabitant_n in_o city_n and_o town_n have_v the_o grâ—â—test_a share_n in_o the_o election_n of_o knight_n citizen_n and_o burgess_n and_o as_o for_o those_o thanes_z you_o mention_v they_o or_o those_o under_o who_o they_o claim_v owe_v their_o estate_n whole_o to_o the_o grant_n of_o former_a king_n and_o hold_v their_o possession_n from_o they_o by_o some_o tenure_n or_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o this_o tenure_n it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o land_n of_o england_n be_v liable_a even_o those_o that_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n to_o those_o three_o service_n ancient_o call_v trinoda_n necessitas_fw-la viz._n expediâ—â—â—_n castelli_n &_o pontis_fw-la extructio_fw-la that_o be_v military_a service_n against_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n and_o the_o repair_v of_o castle_n and_o bridge_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o common_a service_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o that_o the_o earl_n and_o chief_z thanes_z do_v hold_v their_o land_n by_o knight_n or_o military_a service_n appear_v by_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o earl_n and_o thanes_z exâ—â—rest_v in_o the_o law_n of_o king_n cnut_n in_o sir_n h._n spelman_n council_n so_o that_o if_o all_o the_o person_n who_o hold_v those_o land_n owe_v they_o whole_o to_o the_o king_n bounty_n it_o seem_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o they_o must_v likewise_o owe_v their_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n to_o the_o same_o original_a f._n i_o think_v what_o you_o have_v now_o far_o urge_v will_v be_v of_o no_o great_a moment_n against_o my_o opinion_n for_o as_o to_o the_o authority_n you_o bring_v from_o the_o addition_n to_o that_o law_n of_o edw._n the_o confessor_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o word_n barones_n that_o it_o be_v add_v long_o since_o that_o time_n that_o word_n not_o be_v common_o in_o use_n till_o some_o time_n after_o the_o norman_a conquest_n but_o let_v that_o pass_n it_o be_v plain_a by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o law_n if_o you_o will_v have_v be_v please_v to_o have_v read_v it_o out_o that_o these_o heretoches_n here_o call_v baron_n be_v no_o other_o than_o ordinary_a gentleman_n or_o thanes_z which_o then_o answer_v the_o word_n barones_n and_o these_o as_o this_o law_n itself_o express_o tell_v we_o be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o freeman_n in_o the_o folemote_a or_o county-court_n and_o therefore_o though_o i_o grant_v they_o may_v be_v man_n of_o estate_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n of_o their_o be_v lord_n or_o noble_a by_o birth_n nor_o be_v it_o likely_a that_o the_o people_n will_v have_v choose_v their_o earl_n or_o any_o other_o of_o the_o like_a order_n to_o command_v they_o when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a choice_n of_o thanes_z or_o gentleman_n in_o their_o own_o country_n to_o command_v the_o military_a force_n of_o it_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a these_o gentleman_n be_v call_v noble_n and_o remarkable_a wise_a man_n yet_o this_o according_a to_o your_o own_o show_v do_v not_o exclude_v other_o and_o those_o of_o a_o far_o different_a profession_n viz._n counsellor_n lawyer_n and_o judge_n all_o which_o you_o suppose_v have_v then_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o they_o have_v now_o in_o the_o lordâ—_n house_n and_o if_o this_o word_n may_v comprehend_v both_o swordman_n and_o lawyer_n i_o can_v see_v why_o it_o may_v not_o also_o take_v in_o the_o better_o and_o rich_a sort_n of_o citizen_n and_o magistrate_n who_o in_o that_o age_n as_o be_v notorious_a be_v elect_v by_o their_o respective_a corporation_n and_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o these_o be_v call_v sapientes_fw-la in_o other_o country_n and_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o â—ny_v not_o have_v be_v call_v so_o here_o too_o but_o that_o the_o king_n judge_n and_o counsellor_n can_v have_v no_o vote_n in_o the_o saxon_a great_a council_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n to_o the_o contrary_n but_o i_o shall_v now_o far_o show_v you_o that_o the_o city_n and_o borough_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n be_v so_o much_o more_o numerous_a and_o considerable_a than_o they_o be_v now_o must_v needs_o have_v have_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o those_o time_n a_o considerable_a share_n in_o those_o great_a council_n since_o in_o they_o consist_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o be_v many_o more_o than_o they_o be_v at_o this_o day_n for_o bede_n 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o history_n that_o there_o be_v in_o england_n long_o before_o his_o time_n 28_o famous_a city_n beside_o innumerable_a castle_n and_o wall_a town_n of_o note_n many_o of_o which_o author_n though_o now_o extreme_o decay_v or_o quite_o mine_v be_v then_o very_o considerable_a the_o great_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n inhabit_v in_o those_o time_n for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o city_n or_o great_a town_n for_o their_o great_a benefit_n or_o security_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o land_n of_o england_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n and_o long_o after_o â—y_a incultivate_v and_o over_o run_v with_o forest_n and_o bogâ—_n so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o city_n and_o borough_n be_v they_o so_o considerable_a for_o estate_n in_o land_n as_o well_o as_o other_o richâ—â—_n can_v not_o â—e_v exclude_v from_o have_v place_n both_o in_o the_o british_a or_o saxon_a great_a council_n what_o man_n of_o sense_n can_v
believe_v that_o the_o ancient_n and_o potent_a city_n of_o london_n tâ—â—_n câ—nterbury_n lincoln_n etc._n etc._n shall_v ever_o be_v exclude_v from_o have_v any_o hand_n in_o the_o great_a consultation_n of_o give_v money_n and_o make_v law_n and_o for_o the_o public_a defence_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n any_o more_o than_o they_o be_v now_o and_o therefore_o we_o find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o german_a or_o gothick_n original_a the_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n have_v still_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n or_o assembly_n of_o estate_n as_o i_o say_v but_o now_o in_o the_o next_o place_n though_o i_o do_v not_o positive_o assert_v that_o there_o be_v knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n yet_o be_o i_o not_o convince_v that_o there_o be_v none_o for_o though_o i_o confess_v the_o treatise_n you_o mention_v appear_v to_o have_v be_v write_v since_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o norman_n yet_o may_v the_o substance_n of_o it_o have_v be_v much_o old_a than_o the_o time_n of_o edw_n iii_o and_o rich._n ii_o or_o else_o certain_o king_n hen._n iu._n or_o his_o chancellor_n for_o he_o will_v never_o have_v be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o transmit_v a_o copy_n of_o this_o say_v modus_fw-la into_o ireland_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n which_o be_v think_v to_o encroach_v so_o much_o on_o the_o prerogative_n have_v he_o not_o be_v very_o well_o inform_v of_o the_o antiquity_n as_o well_o as_o authority_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v write_v about_o the_o time_n of_o hen._n iii_o from_o some_o ancient_a historian_n and_o record_n not_o now_o extant_a though_o the_o copy_n we_o have_v of_o it_o may_v be_v of_o no_o long_o stand_v than_o the_o time_n mr_n selden_n mention_n but_o admit_v that_o there_o be_v no_o knight_n of_o shire_n before_o the_o conquest_n and_o though_o the_o thanes_z who_o i_o suppose_v make_v the_o great_a figure_n in_o the_o wittena_n geâ—â—â—er_n be_v not_o earl_n or_o chief_a thanes_z that_o be_v of_o the_o great_a nobility_n yet_o they_o be_v great_a freeholder_n and_o though_o commoner_n yet_o gentleman_n and_o of_o the_o lesser_a nobility_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o gentleman_n or_o knight_n of_o shire_n be_v now_o and_o the_o not_o elect_v by_o the_o country_n yet_o may_v be_v as_o well_o esteem_v their_o representative_n as_o they_o be_v now_o of_o freeholder_n under_o 40_o s._n per_fw-la annum_fw-la lease-holders_n and_o copy-holders_n for_o year_n who_o have_v no_o vote_n at_o the_o election_n of_o parliament_n man_n whereas_o these_o thanes_z be_v then_o the_o chief_a if_o not_o the_o only_a possessor_n of_o all_o the_o freehold_a estate_n in_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o material_a objection_n to_o say_v that_o these_o thanes_z might_n at_o first_o owe_v those_o estate_n to_o the_o grant_v of_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n and_o may_v also_o after_o a_o sort_n hold_v their_o estate_n of_o they_o as_o head_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o such_o service_n as_o be_v settle_v by_o public_a law_n yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o owe_v their_o very_a right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n whole_o to_o the_o king_n favour_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o be_v to_o be_v consider_v that_o though_o the_o first_o saxon_a king_n conquer_v this_o island_n from_o the_o britain_n yet_o those_o that_o assist_v they_o be_v only_a volunteer_n the_o chief_a officer_n or_o commander_n of_o they_o may_v not_o only_o deserve_v but_o also_o capitulate_v for_o their_o share_n in_o the_o land_n so_o conquer_v and_o these_o be_v give_v out_o by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o each_o man_n quality_n condition_n or_o desert_n may_v constitute_v those_o who_o be_v call_v the_o king_n thanes_z as_o those_o who_o hold_v likewise_o under_o they_o be_v the_o middle_a thanes_z or_o vavassor_n suppose_v till_o you_o can_v prove_v the_o contrary_a that_o these_o have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o and_o you_o may_v as_o well_o argue_v that_o they_o can_v have_v no_o place_n there_o but_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o their_o lord_n whereas_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o a_o estate_n of_o five_o hide_n in_o land_n of_o whosoever_o hold_v make_v a_o thane_n or_o nobleman_n of_o the_o inferior_a rank_n and_o we_o find_v by_o the_o same_o law_n of_o king_n athelstan_n his_o weregild_n or_o price_n of_o his_o head_n be_v value_v but_o equal_a with_o that_o of_o a_o mass_n thanes_z or_o priest_n viz._n at_o 2000_o thrymsas_n so_o that_o a_o sufficient_a estate_n in_o land_n do_v not_o only_o make_v a_o man_n a_o gentleman_n but_o also_o give_v he_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n and_o there_o be_v beside_o all_o these_o several_a alodoril_n who_o hold_v their_o land_n discharge_v from_o all_o service_n and_o can_v sell_v or_o dispose_v of_o they_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n or_o any_o other_o inferior_a lord_n and_o be_v those_o mention_v in_o doomsday_n book_n qui_fw-la potuit_fw-la ire_n cum_fw-la terra_fw-la que_fw-la â—â—but_fw-la nor_o be_v your_o argument_n conclusive_a that_o because_o in_o those_o time_n as_o well_o as_o now_o all_o land_n be_v hold_v either_o mediate_o or_o immediate_o of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v chargeable_a with_o those_o three_o general_a service_n you_o mention_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n and_o good_a of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o therefore_o not_o only_o all_o man_n civil_a property_n but_o also_o their_o right_n of_o come_v to_o the_o great_a council_n must_v whole_o depend_v upon_o the_o king_n will_n since_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o the_o first_o saxon_n king_n by_o their_o conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n can_v not_o acquire_v the_o sole_a property_n of_o all_o the_o land_n thereof_o to_o themselves_o though_o they_o may_v be_v make_v use_n of_o as_o public_a trustee_n to_o distribute_v they_o according_a to_o those_o man_n quality_n and_o desert_n who_o have_v help_v they_o in_o the_o conquest_n so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v once_o possess_v of_o such_o estate_n they_o have_v immediate_o thereupon_o a_o right_a to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n the_o burden_n of_o the_o government_n lie_v chief_o on_o such_o as_o have_v estate_n in_o land_n and_o that_o many_o other_o beside_o the_o king_n thanes_z or_o great_a lord_n have_v place_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o those_o time_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o the_o name_n of_o mycel_n synod_n â—â—_o wittenagemots_a which_o be_v render_v by_o our_o ancient_a glossarist_n numerosa_fw-la or_o popuâ—â—sa_fw-la conventio_fw-la as_o also_o the_o title_n and_o conclusion_n to_o divers_a of_o the_o title_n of_o those_o great_a council_n in_o the_o saxon_a time_n where_o be_v often_o mention_v after_o the_o comites_fw-la &_o proceres_fw-la terrae_fw-la aliorum_fw-la fidelium_fw-la infinita_fw-la multitudo_fw-la which_o must_v certain_o take_v in_o many_o more_o than_o the_o king_n thanes_z judges_z or_o other_o of_o his_o great_a man_n who_o be_v then_o but_o a_o few_o in_o comparison_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o freeholder_n of_o england_n m._n i_o will_v not_o long_o dispute_v the_o probability_n of_o what_o you_o say_v all_o the_o difficulty_n lie_v in_o the_o proof_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n i_o deny_v that_o any_o other_o of_o a_o less_o degree_n than_o the_o king_n thanes_z of_o chief_a tenant_n have_v any_o place_n or_o voice_n in_o the_o old_a english_a council_n nor_o can_v you_o find_v as_o you_o yourself_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v in_o our_o saxon_a law_n or_o ancient_a historian_n of_o those_o time_n any_o representative_n of_o the_o common_a people_n mention_v such_o as_o be_v now_o much_o less_o citizen_n or_o burgess_n for_o any_o city_n or_o burrow_n in_o england_n and_o therefore_o what_o you_o say_v concern_v the_o riches_n or_o power_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n before_o the_o conquest_n though_o perhaps_o it_o may_v be_v true_a yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o they_o must_v then_o send_v their_o representative_n to_o the_o great_a council_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o argument_n to_o prove_v that_o they_o do_v because_o great_a city_n and_o town_n do_v or_o do_v late_o send_v deputy_n to_o the_o like_a assembly_n in_o other_o country_n since_o our_o government_n may_v not_o only_o original_o differ_v in_o that_o from_o they_o but_o that_o also_o the_o send_n of_o those_o deputy_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o some_o late_a prince_n long_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o those_o kingdom_n and_o i_o do_v believe_v will_v prove_v so_o if_o close_o look_v into_o and_o in_o denmark_n which_o you_o know_v be_v a_o elective_a kingdom_n the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n never_o send_v any_o