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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A93025	A relation, or an account of the Imperial Court, by Sacredo, a noble Venetian-Senator. Given in an oration made by him to the Doge (or Duke) of Venice, in the Venetian Senate-House, of what things happened during the last war of the Emperor with the Turks, and during his embassy to the Emperor, at his return out of Germany to Venice. Done into English by T.G. Esq	Sagredo, Giovanni, 1616-ca. 1696.; T. G.	1685 (1685)	Wing S289A; ESTC R1667	30,651	128

Vienna the only place of Refuge but the Ordinary Slothfulness of his Imperial Majesty made him one of the last to retire altho' all were fill'd with pannick fear and was the occasion that the Capital City was not entirely forsaken by its Inhabitants At last a Courier put Courage Newhausel lost into the fainting and perplexed Germans by bringing the News of the Turkish Armies march to Newhausel this City notwithstanding well provided with all things necessary yielded to the force of the Infidels The Visier spared nothing of Bravery or of Money for he gave generously a hundred Rix Dollars a Head to the Janizaries that should fix upon a Breach the Turkish Standards hoping by his Liberalities the more readily to become Master of the Fortifications and to be before-hand with Autumn which standing upon a Moross would have rendered the Attack more difficult and the Success much more doubtful The Rains hinder the further Progress of the Turks The advantages of this Campagne were notably retarded by the Protection Heaven was pleased to afford the piety of the Emperor for to repair his and his Ministers Negligence It rained so abundantly that the ways were broken so that the Visier was constrained to defer his progress and to make a halt at Buda for at least Fourty days to have his Cannon drawn back It is almost certain that if God gave a fair Game to the Turks at first he at the same time blinded them and that if the Visier instead of attacking Newhausel The miserable condition of Vienna had advanced in sight of Vienna he had found it without Provision without Souldiers and without Inhabitants filled with Despair Diseases and great Necessities open and exposed to his Army and entirely submitted to his Disposition which he did not want being blamed for and his Excuse was says he I could never have imagined that the Defence of a Capital City and well fortified could possibly at the first and false Reports have been so negligently and suddenly abandoned At this time the Murmurs and Complaints against Count Portia Complaints broke out against the Ministry of Count Portia who remained as one asleep in so great a Noise and in the midst of so many Alarms To speak His Character Truth his Shoulders were not broad enough to bear so great a Burthen The deplorable Loss of Newhausel ended this unfortunate Campagne and gave some Relaxation to the divers Inquietudes and unworthy dejections of the Emperor's Spirit reduced to look upon such a Loss as a Happiness to him nor could have any Hope or Assurance but from the flattering Treasons of his Favourite who dissembled all things and amused him by fair and vain Appearances in such sort that two days before the Loss of Newhausel I asked his Majesty if he had good News He answered me That the Turks daily battered the place but gained not any Advantage The second Campagne of this The second Campagne begins with Loss to the Imperialists War did not appear at its beginning more prosperous than the first by reason of the unfortunate Siege of Canisa the taking of Fort Zerin by Assault Fort Zerin taken 1664. with a Remarkable Loss of the Besieged However the Victory obtained in Hungary on the other Side the Danube by Count Zouches and yet farther that of Montecuculis's at the River Raab sweetn'd the End But the known Loss of Turkish Officers and Soldiers and amongst others of Ismael Bassa the Sultan's Brother-in-law Death of Ismael Bassa and General of the Cavalry so much the more encreased the Christians Joy which cut short the Progress of the Infidels By this considerable Defeat not only the Misfortunes of the Emperor seemed to cease but divers Beams of a good Fortune began to shine out For besides the Honour of the Victory he had yet the Advantage of a great Booty which the Imperialists got The Victory was thus obtained Six Thousand Turks having rashly passed the River An Account of the Battle of Raab they were as soon set upon by the Christian Army consisting of near Fifty Thousand Men. The time was not long in their being all cut to pieces or thrown over and drowned in the River Yet these Wretches sold The Turkish Valour their Lives at a dear Rate and far from yielding to Discretion they defended themselves as much as they were able with as much Courage as Valour and seemed in dying to out-brave their Conquerors and all the Dead were found with their Cymeters in their Hands and they made Prisoner but one only Janizary that lay fainting on the Ground through the number of his Wounds who was sent to the most Christian King with many Ensigns taken from the Infidels by the French Certainly their Bravery contributed very much to this Victory and as to the Glory of the Success if other Nations who fought ought to be partakers of the Honour the Decision of this Battle which was a long time doubtful is due only to their valour and they were well recompensed in the Field for the Officers and Soldiers enriched themselves with the Spoils from the Dead Bodies upon the place and the drowned which they fished for The Turks being for the most part Officers or Commanders were either richly Armed or clad The Presumption of a certain Victory had engaged the Bravest of the Turkish Officers to this Rashness and without any Consideration to pass the River not making any Reflection as to the Danger or the Consequences of it They could not imagine that a Fear so great as the German's was could be so easily vanished and that a People so astonished could so quickly take Courage or dare to make any Resistance so that rushing on to a Triumph before they were assured of a Victory they got on their best Habits instead of arming themselves with their best Arms There An Account of the Booty was found Silver Furniture for Horses with Silver-gilt Saddles embroidered Cymeters set with Diamonds Turbants garnished with precious Stones and particularly that of Ismael Bassa adorned with a Feather set on with a Garniture of Diamonds of great price This Disgrace a little abated their Pride and gave an Overture to Propositions of Peace The Turkish Army already fatigued with the relieving of Canisa and the Cavalry wanting Forage the Canisa relieved An. D. 1664. Visier was constrained to pull off the Leaves of the Woods that were nearest him to serve instead of Hay for the Subsistence of his Horse As for him whether Business took him up or that he was not a good Soldier he stayed The Behavior of the Visier at this Battle on the other side the River during the whole Battle and seemed rather to observe as a Philosopher than as a Warriour the Misfortune and Rout of his Army For he did not make the least offer as if he were willing to relieve them whether looking on it as a thing impossible or chusing rather to undergo the

aright and as they ought to do concerning the Turkish Affairs and that it is as it were the Standard to know the Measures of Things as to the Truth of a Writer of Turkish Affairs and History of what is already past or to come THE French Bookseller TO THE READER 'T IS hard to meet with a Relation more Curious or more certain than this is It derives it self from too fair an Original to be ill received and comes to me from too pure Hands to be suspected Here you will find sincerity governed by a great Understanding But neither the one nor the other leaves any thing to the Curiosity of the Reader to wish for nor any thing to doubt of as to the Truth of the History by the Success of this first Relation I shall be put into a Condition to give the publick many others to the same Effect though made by different Persons and I shall let you see that there are many remarkable Events in these particular Pieces either forgot or unknown to the best sort of Authors or dissembled by concerned or corrupted Writets SACREDO'S ORATION Most Serene Prince I Shall not enlarge my self to represent to your Serenity the Foreign and Civil Wars that Religion hath caused in the Empire and how these two Evils have weakened so formidable a Power neither shall I lose any time to enumerate the divers Jealousies of the Electors and Princes of Germany nor the bad Condition they have reduced the Emperor to A The beginning of the Emperor's Character Prince in his own Nature very little capable to defend himself His Subjects or His Friends from the divers enterprizes of His Neighbours These particulars have been so exactly treated of by those that have writ before me that it would be too tedious to make a Rehearsal I shall reduce my self therefore to a succinct recital of those things that are newest and less known and there are very few that have either escaped my Care or Curiosity For I have seen the Causes bred and their Progress die and by a very rare Fortune in the time of one only Embassie I have been a Witness and Spectator of both War and Peace Yet amongst so great a Number of things I shall meddle only with those that particularly reguard the Interests of your Serenity in Relation to your Territories that border on the Ottoman towards the Sea and of the Emperor towards the Land Since that the Ottoman Sect by his continual Progresses Victories and Conquests gained over Asia this triumphant Puissance Progress of the Ottoman Greatness not content with the Extent of its first Successes turned its ambitious Designs towards Europe Solyman invaded Hungary Selim his A. D. 1529. vid. Cluv. p. 593. Successor the Kingdom of Cyprus the one and the other A. D. 1547. vid. Cluv. p. 615. having for their Object the Ruine of these two Powers that were able to give a Check Their Designs to their vast Ambition The First that of the House of Austria by Land the Second that of this Republick by Sea It presently appeared that A strict Allyance is the joint Interest of the Empire and Republick of Venice to oppose so dreadful a Power it were necessary to make a strict Allyance for the common Defence between the Emperor and your Serenity the more assuredly to keep off the Invasions and Forces of the Ottomans that every one knows have sworn the Destruction of those two Empires The unhappy Differences of Christendom facilitates to the Turks all those sorts of Enterprises which in divers places they have had prosperous Success They attack sometimes the Emperor sometimes your Serenity the one and the other separately and their Appetite comes in eating They set upon divers Provinces when passing from Conquest to Conquest they by so much always diminish the Forces of Christendom and more and more assure to themselves the Roots and Foundations of their Dominion Thus the greatest part of Hungary being invaded by Solyman the Second the Turks have prevailed and extended very far their Conquests in Europe by Land In process of Time Selim gets possession of the Kingdom of Cyprus Ibrahim enter'd The Turks enter'd Candia A. D. 1645. Cluver p. 761. Mahom. 3. fell into Transilvania 1599. Cluv. p. 632 Candia and Mahomet the Third Transilvania These glorious Successes by Sea and Land continuing as it were Link by Link the Chain of their Conquests have made appear that their Designs are for an Universal Monarchy and have made the Christians afraid of their Irons and Slavery In Effect being Masters of the Kingdom of Candia * Effects of the loss of Candia surrendered 27. Sep. 1669. they will have the Sea open and may carry their Ambition wheresoever they will Transilvania already by the Conquest of Warradin and the Warradin surrendered 6 Aug. 1660. Clu. p. 845. establishing of Prince † Ann. D. 1661. Flo. Hung. pag. 284. Abafti their Slave is entirely submitted to them and they keep in no less Awe Hungary by the taking ‖ Surrendered 26. Sep. 1663. Flo. Hung. p. 287. Clu. p. 866. Newhausel and the several Bastions with which they have fortified it and aggrandiz'd the Suburbs and it is easie to perceive where they would make the Seat of War could they but meet with a more happy Attack of Vienna than that which was attempted by * Ann. D. 1529. Flo. Hun. p. 142. Solyman in the Age past there is nothing can happen of greater Importance to be afraid of and the loss of this † The preservation of Vienna of great importance to all Christendom Capital City would be fatal to all Christendom and though it seems that the Ottoman Empire hath not at present such numerous Forces as at other times it hath had because we do not now see an Army of three hundred thousand Combatants as was that of Solyman when he first set foot in Hungary or of five hundred thousand as was that of Amurath before Babylon This doth not proceed from the Weakness of this Empire 't is far from being less puissant than it was in those times but is rather much more considerable by all its new Conquests and by the Increase of the Number of Kingdoms and States that are subject to it The present weakness Present State of the Turkish affairs is very apparent and the Continuance of it very uncertain and proceeds only from Why their Forces are so much diminished the Disorder of the Head but the Body hath lost nothing of its Force nor of being in a good Condition notwithstanding the Spirits are languishing and the Heart abated so that the Motions of it are slower than ordinary and that Vivacity of the former Ottoman Monarchs appears almost extinct And in short it seems that since the Death of Amurath there hath not been a Sultan worthy the Name of a Grand Seignior nor of so great an Empire or one that hath been either a

warriour or addicted to War The Turks as they have not encreased or enlarged their Limits so they have lost nothing Their Languishing costs their Empire nothing and leaves them in a condition of re-taking their former Vigor as soon as they shall have a Prince that is a Warriour and loves War and one that in Imitation of their Ancestors shall seek for Glory in the Head of his Armies in the midst of Battels and whose Example should inspire Courage and Bravery in the Souldiers So that the Languishing of this vast Body proceeds from the Weakness of their Chief but at the first Change this People will soon re-take their former Force and Vigor The Turkish Militia is composed Of the Turkish Militia chiefly of Asiaticks and Europeans the first are for the most part Cavalry the second are for the most part Musqueteers which they raise upon the Frontiers and have always their Arms ready and are naturally more addicted to War than the others However the essential Basis and principal Cause of so many Victories obtained by the Ottomans hath been the exact Observation of their Policy and of their Discipline the Bravery of their Souldiers and above all their Janizaries which are choice Troops and a Body of people chosen and of Courage It is to be observed that the Turks use not to do as the Christian An oversight of the Christian Officers in general Officers who care no farther than to get the Number of Men they have undertaken for And for a little Gain content themselves with the first that come and list miserable Peasants Beggars new cloathing them and such as they can meet with so that neither the one nor the other have any Fitness or Inclination for War and do only endeavour to encrease their Troops of all sorts of indifferent people for their own profit more than the Service of their Prince On the contrary the Turks The Turks way of Discipline chuse out of the Children of the Christian Slaves such whose Bodies are best proportion'd and strongest which they carefully breed up in the Seraglio to the Love and Discipline of War and conduct them to Arms as soon as they are judged capable and they afford the bravest and most expert Souldiers and are generally the Instruments of the greatest Successes and Gainers of doubtful Battels It must also be avowed that the blind Obedience of these Infidels doth not a little contribute to the prosperity of the State of their Affairs and their Combats and are strangely profited by our Examples Inventions and Machines and of divers Instructions that the Renegades from time to time give them both as to what concerns Artillery or artificial Fires and as to Their Improvement in Fire-works and other Warlike Exercises what regards the ordering of Sieges Marches Camps and other Exercises of War For without these the Ottomans would not have necessary Understanding Of which every one was entirely perswaded at the last Siege of Canisa where The Reason of the Christians Miscarriage at the last Siege of Canisa the Commanders readily making use of the Experience of Renegades made a brave and admirable Resistance and baffled the Art of the most experienced Christian-Engineers That which is remarkable amongst the Turkish Armies they never want Provisions let them be composed of never so great a Number or whatever happens to them this Disorder befalls only the Christian Troops How often hath it happened The Christians and Turks compared as to their Provisions for the Soldiery to those of the Emperor How often have they wanted Bread How often have their Armies been in a manner broken The Turks know not what it is to have such Disgraces whether it be by their great Oeconomy or by their commendable and natural Sobriety they never want any thing For if the Order and Care of their Officers procure them abundance of provisions the Souldier by his Sobriety contributes much to their Duration and with a Handful of Rice and dried Flesh or beat into Powder only without any other Beverage than that of Fresh Water he is satisfied and sufficiently nourished Not but that they have Sherbet for people of Quality but they can be without it and make it their Glory to abstain from it for to make them appear more fit for War and Fatigue One cannot say so of the Christian Armies much less of the German's who are always at their Meals and as it were buried in Gluttony and Drunkenness The Emperor enter'd into this war with the Turks with too great Censures upon the Emperor's Proceedings in the beginning of the War an Affectation to avoid it For if at the beginning as soon as the Port had framed a Design of invading Transilvania and was not as yet fully resolved if the Emperor I say had made his Veterane Army drawn out of many old Bodies since the last Peace of the Empire advance he had constrained the Turks to much more reasonable Conditions because that the greatest part of them did disapprove an open Breach with the Emperor But his Majesty following the faint hearted and weak Counsels of his Favourite appeared so soft in his manner of Acting and so intimidated with the bare appearances of a Rupture that he confirmed the Visier in his Design of making War and pushed on so much the more this Infidel who was already too full of Hope and almost assured of good Success against so feeble a Prince and in a time when all Christendom was in Combustion and Disorder It will be equally superfluous as well as troublesom to represent the divers particularities to your Serenity since that my Dispatches have punctually enformed you of the chief passages of what happen'd The Visier entered the Emperors The Visier falls into the Emperor's Territories without resistance Territories with Fifty Thousand Foot and Eight Thousand Horse The first Year he found no resistance for the Germans shut themselves up in fortified places and quitted the Field besides the Tartars without any Hinderance and with a great deal of Freedom ran up and down the Country and ruined chiefly Moravia and throwing of Arrows with lighted Matches tied to them upon the thatcht Houses The cruelty of the Tartars they burnt an infinite Number of Villages and carryed away Fifteen Thousand Slaves binding the little Children together laying them behind them upon their Horses Backs All was filled with Confusion and Disorder Vienna in a manner abandoned Above seventy Thousand Inhabitants left it and took away the best of their Goods to save them and to take refuge in places afar of and secure against this Irruption A great Number of these people stay'd at Lintz the ways were fill'd with people in despair who were equally press'd with fear famine remained without Force and some times without Life in the midst of the High-ways The Ambassadors kept themselves in a readyness to follow the Emperor to this City in case the Turkish Army had advanced towards