founded a Chantry He lyeth under a Tombe of Stone with his Image also of Stone over him The Hair of his Head auburne long to his Shoulders but curling up and a small forked Beard on his Head a Chaplet like a Coronet of four Roses an habit of Purple damasked down to his feet a Collar of Esses of Gold about his Neck under his Feet the likenesse of three Books which he compiled The first named Speculum Meditantis written in French The second Vox clamantis penned in Latine The third Confessio Amantis written in English and this last is printed Vox Clamantis with his Chronica Tripartita other both in Latine and French were never printed Besides on the Wall where he lyeth there was painted three Virgins Crowned one of the which was named Charity holding this Device En Toy qui es Fitz de Dieu le pere Savâ—e soit qui gist soubs cest pierre In Thee who art the Son of God Be sav'd who lyes under this clod Now passing through St. Mary Overies Close once in possession of the Lord Montacute Pepper Alley into Long Southwark on the right hand thereof the Market Hill where the Leather is sold there stood the late named Parish Church of Saint Margaret given to St. Mary Overies by Henry the first put down and joyned with the Parish Church of St. Mary Magdalen and united to the late dissolved Priory Church of St. Mary Overy A part of this Parish Church of St. Margaret is now a Court wherein the Assizes and Sessions be kept and the Court of Admiralty is also there kept one other part of the same Church is now a prison called the Compter in Southwarke c. Farther up on that side almost directly over against St. Georges Church was sometime a large and most sumptuous house builded by Charles Brandon Duke of Suffolke in the Reign of Henry the eighth which was called Suffolk House but coming afterwards into the Kings hands the same was called Southwark place and a Mint of Coynage was there kept for the King Queen Mary give this House to Nicholas Heth Archbishop of York and to his Successors for ever to be their Inne or Lodging for their repair to London in recompence of York House near to Westminster which King Henry her Father had taken from Cardinal Woolsey and from the See of York Then is the White Lion a Goal so called for that the same was a common Hoftery for the receit of Travellers by that Sign This â—ouse was first used as a Goal within these hundred years last since the which time the prisoners were once removed thence to an House in New-town where they remained for a short time and were returned again to the aforesaid White Lion there to remain as the appointed Goal for the Countey of Surrey Next is the Goal or Prison of the Kings-Bench but of what antiquity the same is it appears not We read that the Courts of the Kings-Bench and Chancery have oft times been removed from London to other places and so hath likewise the other Goals that serve those Courts as in the year 1304 Edward the first commanded the Courts of Kings-Bench the Exchequer which had remained seven years at York to be removed to their old places at London And in the year 1387 the eleaventh of Richard the second Robert Trisilian chief Justice came to the City of Coventry and there sat by the space of a Month as Justice of the Kings Bench and caused to be Indicted in that Court about the number of 2000 persons of that Country c. It seemeth therefore that for that time the Prison or Goale of that Court was not far off Also in the year 1392 the sixteenth of the same Richard the Archbishop of York being Lord Chancellor for good will that he bare to his City caused the Kings Bench and Chancery to be removed from London to York but ere long they were returned to London Then is the Marshalsey another Goal or Prison so called as pertaining to the Marshalls of England of what continuance kept in Southwark it appears not but likely it is that the same hath been removeable at the pleasure of the Marshalls And then Thieves Lane by St. Thomas Hospital first found by Richard Prior of Bermondsey in the Cellerers grounded against the Wall of the Monastery in the year 1213 He named it the Almery or house of Alms for Converts and poor Children In the year 1552 the Citizens of London having the void suppressed Hospital of St. Thomas in Southwark in the Month of Iuly began the reparations thereof for poor impotent lame and diseased people so that in the Month of November next following the sick and poor people were taken in And in the year 1553 on the tenth of April King Edward the sixth in the seventh of his Reign gave to the Mayor Communalty and Citizens of London to be a Work-House for the poor and idle persons of the City his House of Bridewell and seven hundred Marks Lands of the Savoy Rents which Hospital he had suppressed with all the Beds bedding and other furniture belonging to the same towards the maintenance of the said Work-house of Bridewell and of this Hospital of Saint Thomas in Southwark This gift the King confirmed by his Charter The Church of this Hospital which of old time served for the Tenements neer adjoyning and pertaining to the said Hospital remaineth as a Parish Church But now to come to St. Olaves street on the Bank of the River of Thames is the Parish Church of St. Olave a fair and meeâ—ly large Church but a far larger Parish especially of Aliens or strangers and poor people Next is the Bridge-House so called as being a Store-house for Stone Timber or whatsoever pertaining to the building or repairing of London Bridge This House seemeth to have taken beginning with the first founding of the Bridge either of Stone or Timber it is a large plot of ground on the Bank of the River of Thames containing divers large buildings for stowage of things necessary towards reparation of the said Bridge There are also divers Garners for laying up of Wheat and other Granaries for service of the City as need requireth Moreover there be certain Ovens builded in number ten of which six be very large the other four being but half so big these were purposely made to bake out the Bread Corn of the said Grayners to the best advantage for relief of the poor Cittizens when need should require Then is Battaile Bridge so called of Battaile Abbey for that it standeth on the ground over a Water-course flowing out of Thames pertaining to that Abbey and was therefore both builded and repaired by the Abbots of that House as being hard adjoyning to the Abbots Lodging Beyond this Bridge is Bermondsey street turning South in the South end whereof was sometime a Priory or Abby of St. Saviour called Bermonds Eye in Southwarke founded by Ailwin a
dischargeth it self into the Thames Fitz Stephen calls this the Palatin Tower or Castle And they write that in the Reign of William the Conqueror it was consumed by fire out of the ruines whereof a great part of Saint Pauls Church was newly built And also on the very plot of ground where it stood Robert Kilwarby ArchBishop of Canterbury founded a Religious House for the Dominican Fryars whence we call the place Black-fryars whereby a man may easily guess of what bigness it was howbeit in that place stood in the dayes of Henry the second Gervase of Tilbury in his Book call'd Otia Imperialia is my Author two Forts or Ramparts the one whereof belong'd to Bainard the other to the Baron of Monfichet by right of succession but nothing remaineth of them to this day yet some think that Pembroke House was a piece of them which we term Bainards Castle of Bainard a noble man of Dunmow whose possession sometimes it was whose Successors the Fitz Waters were in right of inheritance who were Ensign-bearers of the City of London as shall be told hereafter and among them Robert Fitz water had licence of K. Edward the first to sell the Site of Bainards Castle to the forenamed ArchBishop Kilwarby Neither was this City at that time wall'd only but also when the Flamins or Pagan Priests were taken away and Christian Religion established under that good Emperour Constantine a Bishop was install'd in their room for it appeareth at the Councel of Arles which in the year of grace 314 was held under the said Constantine the great the Bishop of London was present for he subscribed as it is to be seen in the first Tome of the Councel in this manner Restitutus Bishop in the City of London out of the Province of great Britain Which Restitutus and his Successors had their Seat and residence as some affirm as Saint Peters in Cornhil From that time London flourished in such honour that she began to be call'd Augusta and by that name was famous under the Emperour Valentinian For Ammianus Marcellinus in his 27 Book writeth thus And going forward to London an ancient Town which posterity call'd Augusta and in the 28 Book He went from Augusta which men of old time call'd London Whence it came that after Constantine's time there was a Mint appointed therein For we read in those Pieces of Money which he caused to be stamp'd in honour of his Father Constantius and in others this was the Inscription P. Lon. S. that is Pecunia Londino signata Mony stamp'd in London He who had the charge and overseeing thereof under the Comes of Sacrarum largitionum is in the Book of Notice term'd Praepositus the saurorum Augustensium in Britannia that is Provost of the Treasury of Augusta or London in Britany For this name Augusta was a name full of Dignity and Majesty And both Founders and Repairers of Cities when they hoped or wish'd that such Cities would become flourishing and powerful gave them significant names of good fortune But among the most auspicious names that be none is more magnificent none more auspicate and glorious than Augusta For this of Augustus the most gracious mighty Emperour Octavianus took unto himself not without the judgment of the best learned Sirnamed he was saith Dio Augustus as one of great Majesty above the nature of man for what things be most honourable and sacred are called Augusta Neither had London this name for so high an honour without the Licence of the Roman Emperours In regard that names could not be impos'd upon Cities without authority as Virgil notes in that verse of his Urbem appellabant permisso nomine Acestam The City by permission Acesta they did name But as continuance of time has outworne this so honorable a name of Augusta to it hath confirm'd that other most ancient name Londinum Whiles it enjoy'd the foresaid name Augusta it scaped fair from destruction by a rebellious rout of Ransakers But Theodosius the father of Theodosius the Emperour did cut them in pieces whiles they were encombred with their spoils entred as Mareianus saith with exceeding great joy in triumphant manner into the City distressed before overwhelm'd with grievous calamities And marching with his Army from thence he by his valour and prowesse so freed Britain from those intolerable calamities and dangers wherewith she was beset that the Romans as witnesseth Symmachus honored him among other ancient Worthies and men of high renown with the Statue of a man of Arms. Not long after when the Romans Empire in Britain was come to an end in that publick destiny and fatal defection of the whole State it fell unto the English Saxons but in what sort it is not well agreed on among Authors It is most probable that Vortigern to redeem himself being taken prisoner delivered it for his ransome unto Hengist the Saxon considering that it did belong unto the East Saxons whose Countrey also as Writers do record Vortigern upon that condition made over unto Hengist At which time the state of the Church went also to wrack and endured sore affliction the Pastors were either slain or forc'd to fly their flocks worried and havock made of all as well Church goods as others Theon the last Bishop of London of the British blood was fain to hide the holy Relique of Saints for a memorial as my Author saith and not for any superstition But although those daies of the English Saxons were such that a man might truly say Mars then brandished and shook his weapons yet was London neverthelesse as Bede testifieth a Town of Trade and traffique frequented by many Nations resorting thither by Sea and Land But afterwards when a more gracious gale of peace breath'd favourably upon this wearied Island and the English Saxon began to professe Christianity it also began to flourish afresh for Ethelbert King of Kent under whom Sebert raign'd in this tract as it 〈◊〉 his Vassal and by courtesie founded here a Church and did consecrate it to Saint Paul which being soon reedified and repaired became at last most stately and magnificent it was endowed by degrees with fair revenues livings wherewith were maintain'd a Bishop a Dean a Chanter a Chancellour a Treasurer fire Archdeacons thirty Prebendaries and divers other Incumbents and Officers who might have a hansome subsistence thereby The East part of this Church seems to be the newer and more curiously wrought having under it a very fair large arch'd Vault which also is Saint Faiths Church It was built out of the ruines of that Castle Palatine spoken of before by Mauritius the Bishop about the year of our Lord 1086 whereas it had been formerly consum'd by a wofull accidental fire whereof William of Mamesbury writeth thus The beauty whereof is so magnificent that it deserves to be numbred in the rank of the most excellent Edifices so large as that arck'd Vault underneath and the Church above it of such capacity
so to Windlestore or Winsore Eton and then to Chertsey where Erkenwald Bishop of London did erect a Religious house or Cell From Chertsey she directs her course to Stanes and receiving another stream by the way call'd the Cole whereupon Colebrook stands she goes by Kingstone Richmond Sheene Sion Brentford or Bregentford where she meets with the Brane or the Brenâ— another 〈◊〉 descending from Edgworth From Brentford she visits Morlach 〈…〉 Cheisoy Lambeth Westminster and so to London Having accompanied our gentle and smooth-gliding Riâ—â—r now to London she now makes great haste to meet with Neptune her lovely husband the first water she greets is the Brome on Kent side West of Greenwich whose spring is Bromis in Bromley Parish and so goeth thence to Lewshant taking 〈◊〉 from the East The next water she meets withal is on Essex side almost against Woolwich and that is the Lee And being pass'd that the Darwent also dischargeth her self into the Thames on Kent side two miles and more beneath Erith having its rising at Tunbridge or Tanridge The next River that disgorgeth her self into the Thames is West of the Wam Isles a rill of no great note or long course for rising about Coringham it rune not many miles East and by South till it falls into the mouth of this River Last of all the Thames takes acquaintance and mingleth with Medway a conâ—derable River watering all the South parts of Kent This noble navigable River flows and fills all her Channels twice ev'ry natural day by the flux and reflux of the Sea which holdeth on for the space of 70 miles within the main Land the stream or tyde being highest at London when the Moon doth exactly touch the Norh-east and South or West points or the Heavens whereof one is visible the other underneath us These rydes do also differ in their times each one coming later than the other by so many mâ—nutes as passe yet the revolution and natural course of the Heavens do reduce and bring about the said Planet to these her former places whereby the common difference 'twixt one tyde and another is sound to consist of 24 minutes which wanteth but twelve of a whole hour in 24 as experience doth confirm In like manner we daily find that each tyde is not of equal heighth and fulness For at the 〈◊〉 and the Change of the Moon we have the highest â—â—ouds and such is their extraordinary course that as they diminish from their Changes and Fulls unto their first and last Quarters so afterwards they encrease again until they come to the Fall and Change sometimes they rise also â—o high eâ—pecially if the wind be at the North or North-east which brings in the water with more vehemency because the tyde which fills the Channel cometh Northward that the Thames often inounds the bankes about London which happeneth most frequently in Ianuary and February which makes the grounds afterwards more fertiâ—e Neither do the tydes after a whit unlesse some impetuous winds from the West or South-west do keep back and check the stream as the East and North-East do hasten the coming in thereof or else some other extraordinary occasion put by the course of the German Seas which do fill the River by their nâ—tural 〈◊〉 and flowings And the probabiest reason why three or four tydes do chop in in one day is because the winds blowing more strong than ordinarily North or North-east make the Sea to rush in with more speed and abundance or water The Land streams or white waters do oftentimes thicken the finenesse of the River in so much that after a Land floud 't is usual to take up Haddocks with ones hâ—nd beneath the Bridge as they float aloft on the water their eyes being so blinded with the thicknesse of the water that they cannot see whither they swimme and how to make shift for themselves before the poor creaâ—â—re be surpriz'd otherwise the Thames water useth to be as clear and 〈◊〉 as any such great River in the world Having gone along so fat with this great goodly River even from her source until she diâ—â—mboques and payes Tribute to Nepume and cast her self into his imbraces It will be now expedient to go on further and acquaint the Reader with the jurisdiction and Prerogatives of the Thâ—mes with the extent thereof Which begins at a place call'd Colnie ditch a little above Stâ—nes-bridge Weâ—â—ward as far as London-bridge and â—rom thence to a place call'd Yendil 〈…〉 and the waters or Medmay all which extent is under the jurisdiction and conservancy of the Lord Mayor the Comminalty and Citizens of London True it is that there have been some Contests betwixt the Lord Mayor and the Lord high Admiral of England concerning the said Jurisdiction and power but after a fair and judicial Tryal in open Court the controversie was decided in favour of the City and the Lord Mayor adjudged to be Conservator of the Thames There were also some other controversial points about the Rivers of Thames and Medway but all differences were absolutely concluded Anno 1613 Sir Iohn Swinerton being then Lord Mayor and Mr. Sparry being then his Deputy or respective Bayliff for the execution of such a great trust repos'd in him Ever since is well as in former times the Lord Mayor of London hath been styl'd the Conservator of the said River within the forenamed limits and bounds having plenary power to inflict punishments upon all transgressors relating to the said Rivers the Water-Bayly of London being his substitute And whereas there are a company of Fishermen call'd Tinckermen frequenting the River of Thames Eastward who in times pass'd have been reported and found out to make an infinit destruction of the young brood or fry of fish by using unlawful Nets and other Engines feeding their Hoggs with them by the singular care and cost of the Lord Mayor and vigilance of the City those prohibited Engines and Nets are now quite suppress'd and a true and orderly manner of fishing brought into use that such a havock may not be made of the young fry Moreover there are a great number of other kind of Fishermen beside Tinckermen belonging to the Thames call'd Hebbermen Petermen and Trawlermen that had lived in former times by unlawful fishing on the said River to the destruction of the young fish as aforesaid but now they are restrain'd and regulated to a more orderly way of fishing There have bin other kind of abuses reformed herein as upon complaint made to the Lord Mayor concerning certain Timbers standing in Tilbury Hope a matter not only dangerous to the Passengers but a cause also to destroy the young brood of fish by the dammage those Timbers did to the Fishermens Nets in regard of their continual standing in the main course and curâ—ent of the River that great grievance was speedily redressed by the providence and prudence of the Lord Mayor and the Water-Bayly Furthermore there hath been care taken to clear
unseasonable houres They by vertue of their Office inquire if any manner of person after rain or any other time cast or lay any dung ordure rubbish Sea-coal ashes rushes or any other thing of noisance in the River of Thames or the Channels of the City They inquire whether any manner of persons nourish Hogs Oxen Kine Ducks or any other living thing that may cause unwholsomness or any grievance They inquire if any false Chevesancers or extortioning Usurers dwell within their Ward They inquire if any Freeman against his Oath made doth conceal cover or colour the Goods of Forreiners against the Franchises of the City They inquire if any Forrainer buy and sell with any other Forrainer within they City or Suburbs thereof any Marchandizes or Goods to the prejudice of the Natives They inquire if every Freeman which receiveth or taketh benefit of the Franchises of the City but continually dwelling out of it hath not nor will not pay scot and lot after his Oath made nor be partner to the common charges of the City when he is required They inquire if any conceal the Goods of Orphans whose Ward and Mariage belong to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen They inquire if any Officer by colour of his Authority do extortion to any man or be a promoter or maintainer of quarrels against right or take carriage and arrest victual unduly They inquire if any Boat-man or Ferriman take more then is due for his Boat-hire They are to inquire if any pourprestures be made upon the common ground of the City by Land or water as in Walls Pales Stoops Grieces Doores or Cellars or if any Porch Pent-house or jetty be too low in letting of Passengers that ride or Carts They are to inquire that Pentises and jetties be at least the heighth of nine feet and that the Stalls be not but of two foot and a half in breadth and to be flexible and moveable viz. to hang by Jewmews or Garnets so that they may be taken up and let down They are to inquire if any common course of water be forclos'd or letted to the noyance of the City They are to inquire if any pavement be defective or too high in one place and too low in another to the disturbance of the Riders goers and Carts that passe along They are to inquire after Regrators or forestallers of Victuals or of any other Marchandizes which should come to the City to be publiquely and fairly sold. They are to inquire if any Butcher Fishmonger Poulter Vintner Hostler Cook or seller of Victuals do sell at unreasonable prizes They are to inquire if any Retaylor do sell unwholsome Victuals or dearer then is proclaimed by the Lord Mayor They are to inquire whether any Vintner Inholder Alehouse-keeper or any other person whatsoever do use or keep any Cans stone-pots or other measures which are unseal'd and are lesse then due measure and whether they sell any Beer or Ale above a peny a quart and small Ale above a half peny They are to inquire in Shops and Houses of Chandlers and others which fell by weight that all their Scales be right and according to the Standard as also that all Yards and Ells be of their just length and that none do sell by Venice weights They are to inquire if any Inholder do bake Bread to sell within his own House and if any Baker of sowre bread bake white bread to sell and take more for the baking then three pence in a Bushel They are to inquire if any House be covered otherwise then with Tile Stone or Lead for peril of fire They are to inquire if any leper faitor or mighty Begger reside in the Ward They are to inquire if any Baker or Brewer bake or brew with Straw or any other fewel which may indanger fyring They are to inquire if any go with painted Viâ—age They are to inquire if any neglecteth to hang a Lanthorn at his door with a â—â—ndle therein burning after the usage at the season of the year appointed They are to inquire whether any bring to be sold or sell and offer or put to sale any tall-Wood Billets Fagots or other fire-wood not being of the full assize They are also to inquire after them who go to the Countrey and ingrosse any Billet tall-wood Fagot Tosard or other fire-wood and so keep it till they may sell it at excessive prizes and above the prizes set by the Lord Mayor They are also to inquire after Ingrossers of Butter and Cheese in great quantities in going into the Countrey to buy it and after convey it by water or otherwise to the City to be sold at Excessive rates They are to inquire whether any use the priviledge of Freemen being none and to that purpose they shall demand a sight from those whom they suspect of a Copy of their Freedom under the Seal of the Office of the Chamberlain They shall inquire after all such as melt Tallow contrary to an Act of the Common Councel in that case made and provided They shall inquire after such who use any fire-presses within the City and liberties for pressing or dressing of netherstocks Wollen Clothes or other things They shall inquire of all Armorers and other Artificers using to work in Metals which have or use any Reardorses or any other places dangerous for fire They shall inquire if any who have undertaken to be appraysers of the Goods of any Freeman deceased leaving behind him any Orphan or Orphans and the said Appraysers not having bin sworn before the Lord Mayor or the Alderman of the Ward They are to inquire if any Freeman buy any Wares or Marchandizes unweighed which ought to be weighed at the Kings beam of any stranger or Forrainer free of the City of London They are to inquire if any buy or sell any Cloth or Clothes in the Shop Ware-house or other place of any Cloth-worker or if any Cloth-worker do receive or harbor any Cloth before the same be brought to Blackwell-Hall They are to inquire if any Carman take for Carriage of any Commodity above the rates ordained They are to inquire if any make or cause to be made any new Buildings or divide or cause to be divided any House or Houses or receive any Inmate or Inmates contrary to the Kings Majesties Proclamation or to Law or any Statute of the Land They are to inquire after Hawkers which go up and down the streets and from House to House to sell any Wares contrary to an Act made in that behalf They are to inquire if any have fraudulently or unduly obtained the Freedom of the City They are to inquire after Women-Brokers such as use to resort to mens Houses to suborn young Maydens with promise to help them to better service They are to inquire if any have or use any common Privy having issue into any common Sewer of the City They are to inquire if any Constable Beadle or other Officer be negligent and remisse in discharging their