world but by that office and priuiledge gaue chardge to those that were in the Easte to doe the same And there setteth downe what Order S. Peter Epist r. supra and the other Apostles tooke for setting of Patriarks or Primats in the cheife Cities where in the Pagans time their Archflamens were and cheifest Doctours Archbishops for their lesse cheife Flamens and Bishops in the other ordinary Cities And what was appointed him by S. Peter and he promised Matt. Westm an 94. Protest not ib. Francisc Belleforest hist Gall. Francisc Feuâ—ardentius in lib. 1. Iren. cap. 3. Anton. Democh. cont Calum Guliel Eisengr ceÌ„t in his behalfe that he effectually performed as into France which he named with other kingdomes of his chardge before he sent S. Denys Nicasius Taurinus Trophimus Regulus Paulus Saturninus Astroniomus Martialis Gratianus Iulianus Lucianus Firmius Photinus with others and the places whether he directed them are for the most part Archbishop Sees to this day Therefore we cannot doubt but eytheâ— S. Clement did well knowe that this kingdome of Britaine was yet prouided of such Apostolike men still liuing from S. Peters establishing them heare or els sending so many into our next neighboring Countrie he remembred Britaine in the same or like measure especially seeing it is euidently his owne words that he had a greater care of Britaine accompted a rude and barbarous Countrie at that time and among such reputed by S. Clement and so distinguished by that note from Italy Spaine France and Germany by him where recompting them he addeth that into those Nations that be more rude or barbarous he must send more wise and Clem. supr Ep. 1. austiere Bishops or preachers then into the other Ciuill Nations Vbi autem ferociores rebelliores gentes esse cognouerimus illuc dirigere sapientiores austeriores necessè habemus qui quotidie non cessent diuina seminare semina multos Christo lucrari ad rectam fidem viam veritatis perducere And this the rather Anaclet Epist 3. because he setteth downe the Apostles Order which he was to followe to Primats and Archbishops by S. Peter and S. Clement their order heare in Britaine besides other Biâ—hops constitute Primats where the Pagans had their cheife Archflamens as he did in France and his immediate Successour S. Anacletus as he himselfe and diuers others testifie did write a booke or Cataloge he calleth it a Tome of the names of the Cities both in Britaine and other places where such were to be resident and this according to the prescript and practise of S. Peter and S. Clement Episcoporum ordo vnus est licet sint Primates illi qui primas Ciuitates tenent Illi autem qui in Metropoli à beato Petro Apostolo ordinante Domino Girald Cambr. l. 2. de Iure Metrop Eccl. Meneuen ad Innoc. 3. Ioa. Pris defeÌ„s hist Britan. p. 73. 74. Matt. Park antiq Brit. p. 24. Werner Rolwinck in Fascic an Dom. 94. Harris descript of Brit. Harris Hist Manus l. 1. Godwin Catal. Yorke Parlm 1. Marian. Scot. l. 2 aetat 6. Method apud eund ib. Martyr Rom. die 11. Aug. Vsuard eod die Petr. de Natal l. 4. Vincent l. 11. à praedecessore nostro praedicto sancto Clemente seu a nobis constituti sunt non omnes Primates vel Patriarchae esse possunt sed illae vrbes quae praefatis priscis temporibus Primatum tenuere Patriarcharum aut Primatum vtantur nominibus quiahaec eadeÌ„ leges saeculi in suis contineÌ„t Principibus aliae auteÌ„ primae Ciuitates quas vobis conscriptas in quodam Tomo mittimus à sanctis Apostolis à beato Clemente siue à nobis Primates praedicatores acceperunt And according to this Cataloge or Tome of S. Peter S. Clement and S. Anacletus iuxta Tomum Anacleti ex Anacleto huius Insulae diuisionem Canterbury London Caerlegion Yorke and Alba in Scotland by some taken to be the Citie now called S. Andrewes vrbs Legionum Cantuaria Londonia Eboraca Alba vnde Albania prouincia were designed Sees of such Primats as Giraldus Cambrensis in his second booke to Pope Innocentius the third Sir Ihon Prise Matthew Parker the first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury with others testifie 7. Therefore seeing he plainely writeth that some of these Cities euen in Britaine had receaued such Primats from S. Peter or himselfe and we finde it witnessed by many that one S. Taurinus sent by S. Clement was Archbishop or Primate of Yorke which is one of the Sees remembred for such both by S. Peter S. Clement and S. Anacletus we may not vtterly deny that he was our first Primate in that Citie And if he was the same which was Bishop of Eureux in France sent by S. Clement as diuers hold being vsuall in that time as Methodius Marianus and others teach for one Bishop S. Taurinê° thought by some the first Archbishop of yorke and sente by S. Clement to preach in diuers places and Countryes he liued long much propagated the faith of Christ was renowned for Miracles he wrought as the auncient Roman Martirologe with others giue euidence Euangelij praedicatione Christianam fidem propagauit ac multis pro ea susceptis laboribus miraculorum gloria conspicuus obdormiuit in Domino But whereas some say and Harris supr l. 1. Matth. Westm an gratiae 115. Hector Boeth Scotor hist l. 5. for 76. 77. 78. alledge S. Antoninus for Authour that this S. Taurinus did raise from death a daughter of Lucius King of Britaine filiam Lucij Legis Britanniae a morte suscitauit I cannot be of that opinion for first Lucius our Christian King was not borne vntill the yeare of Christ 115. and we doe not reade of any daughter or child he had And though Lucius Antenous the Roman Prefect did as some write prescribe lawes heare and in that respect might S. Antoninus mistaken by some for writing S. Tauriâ—â—â— raised from 〈◊〉 a daughter 〈◊〉 â—ius King in 〈◊〉 be called King and liued in Yorke in the time of Adrian the Emperour and so both his name Title the place and time might well agree that S. Taurinus might there raise his daughter to life if he had any which died there being so Miraculous a man miraculorum gloria conspicuus Yet this could not be that Miracle which S. Antoninus speaketh of for in that very place which is cited for the raising of the daughter of King Lucius of Britaine he hath no such thing not once naming any Britaine much lesse any King of Britaine but plainely saith that the Father of that daughter which S. Taurinus raised from death to life was Lucius ciuis Ebroicensis Lucius a Citizen Francis Godwin Cat. of Bishops Yorke 1. of Eureux which is in France and farre from our Eboracum Yorke in Britaine Where as a Protestant Bishop writeth It is reported that Constantius Chlorus the Emperour appointed Taurinus Bishop
it is that hauing first deliuered it as his owne opinion in one Godwin supr p. 27. place afterwards he citeth for the same Clement a Pope wherein either he abuseth vs in citing that which neuer was written or himselfe is abused by some couÌ„terfeit Clement Therefore whether this Clement be counterfeit or no this Protestant must needs be a counterfeit for if this ClemeÌ„t were a counterfeit he was couÌ„terfeited long before Gratians time being cited by him as auncient and so the auncient counterfeiter of Clement must needs broach this opinion before Gratian. But except the auncient Popes Anacletus Anicetus Stephen the first Lucius S. Leo the second S. Marianus Scotus and Florentius Wigorniensis Cap. 1. supr our learned Countrimen all before Gratian were deceaued are counterfeitors this was the true Clement Disciple of S. Peter and so they cite and approue him euen in this matter they confirme that not onely S. Clement but S. Peter the Apostle thus both practized and ordained and how in the time of the Pagans there were Archflamens and they were cheife ouer the other Flamens as Patriarks and Primats be ouer Bishops in the Lawe of Christ 3. And if this man had trauailed no further into Antiquities then those of this Nation he might haue found both Archflamens in the Pagans time heare in Britaine and that the Legats of Pope Eleutherius did constitute and ordaiâ—e Archbishops in their places and this affirmed by Authoritie more Abbas Spanheymens l. de Script in Sigeberto Gembl Bal. l. de Script cent 2. in Henric. HuÌ„tingt Henric. Huntin Histor lib. 1. in Prologo Hist auncient then Gratian was For both Sigebertus GeÌ„blacensis Henricus Huntingtoniensis and others which wrote before Gratian doe take often and expresse notice of our Brittish Historie in which we reade of this matter in these words fuerunt tunc in Britannia octo viginti Flamines nec non tres Archiflamines quorum potestati caeteri Iudices morum atque phanatici submittebantur Hos etiam ex praecepto Apostolici Idololatriae eripuerunt vhi erant Flamines Episcopos vbi erant Archiflamines Archiepiscopos posuerunt Sedes autem Archiflaminum in tribus nobilioribus ciuitatibus fuerant Londonijs videlicet atque Eboraci in vrbe Legionum quam super Oscam fluuium in Glamorgantia veteres muri aedificia sitam fuisse testantur There were then in the time of King Three Archbishops placed heare for the â— ArchflameÌ„s in London Yorke and Caerlegion Lucius 28. Flamens and 3. Archflamens to whose power other Iudges were subiect These by the commande of the Pope his Legats deliuered from Idolatrie and where there were Flamens they placed Bishops and where there were Archflamens they placed Archbishops The Seates of the Archflamens were in the three most Noble Cyties London Yorke and the Cytie of Legions which the old walles and buldings doe witnesse to haue bene vpon the Ryuer Oske in Glamorgantia Hitherto this old Brittish Historie which is older then Gratian by so many yeares as were betweene the end and writing thereof at the death of Gadwallader the last King of the Btitans where it endeth about the yeare of Christs Natiuitie 689. or 690. by Sigebertus and others computation when the Brittish Authour thereof composed it and the writing of Gratian aboue 400. yeares after And Sigebertus who endeth his Chronicle in the yeare 1112. and then dyed as his Continuator there noteth Sigebertus Gemblacensis Monachus Descriptor praecedentium Continuatâ—r Sigebertiin Chron. an 1112. Sigebertus GeÌ„blacens initio Chronici c. de Regno Britannorum in hoc libro temporum obijt cui nos illa quae sequuntur fideli narratione subiecimus is a sufficient witnes euen in the beginning of his History that this Brittish History then was an old History narrat antiqua Britannorum Historia and vsually and cheifely citeth and followeth it for the Brittish affaires And Henry of Huntington who by Baleus and others dyed before Gratian had written was well acquainted with this Historye and wrote a Booke of the Kings of the Britans yet extant in the publike Library of Cambridge and so conformable to the Brittish History that our Protestants which published his workes thereby excuse themselues for not publishing that his worke because there is nothing in it but what is written by S. Bede and Geffery of Monmouth more at lardge quia nihil noui affert quod non in Beda Monemuthensi plenius Protestantium Annotatio inter librum 7. 8. Histor Henrici Huntingtoniensis Ponticus Virun Hist Brit. l. 6. in fine Ciacon 〈◊〉 Rossus BostoÌ„ apud Godwin in Assaph Bal. l. de Script cent 2. in Galfrid Ar. Notatio in Manusc exempl Cantab. Io. Bal. l. de Scrip. Brit. cent 2. in Waltero Caleno reperiatur And Geffery Archdeacon of Monmouth when he translated this Booke out of the Brittish into the Latine tongue and after Bishop of Assaph and Cardinall of the Church of Rome as Virunnius Ciaconius Leland Rosseus Bostonus the Protestant Bishop Bale and others say was an excellent Historian Historicus egregius and as the note vpon the olde Manuscript Copie thereof in Cambridge witnesseth translated it most truely simplicissime transtulit And this Booke was brought out of litle Britaine by Walter Calenus Archdeacon of Oxford a Britaine by birth a man most famous for learning as our Authours say and the Booke was then he dying in the yeare of Christ 1120. anno Incarnati filij Dei 1120. a most old Booke vetustissimum Britannici sermonis Codicem written aboue 400. yeares before per quadringentos eo amplius annos From which date vnto his time the same Archdeacon of Oxoford continued the Brittish History cloquently non incleganti sermone protraxit Britannorum Annales 4. So we euidently perceaue that we can hardly finde either more auncient or credible Authoritie for any Historicall truth in our Brittish Antiquities then for this For the Authour both was a Britan and wrote in that Languadge and the last passadges thereof written allmost a thowsand yeares since The Agents and Instruments of the translation thereof both Britans and the best learned and greatest Historians of that time this Bookew preserued by the Britans of Armorica or litle Britaine in France driuen thither by the Infidell Saxons with their Antiquities and other Ritches most pretious vnto them And so the former parts of this Booke wherein the Historie of these Archflamens is contained carrieth sufficient Argument of a farre more auncient date Which the Authour himselfe both in the Copie which is printed and that which Virunnius did epitomate and was neuer printed as the note vpon it testifieth doth witnesse for he expressely citeth Gildas for this Historie And Ponticus Virunnius seemeth to make Gildâ—s Authour of that part of this Booke For thus he writeth â—orum noâ—â—na Aâ—â—us in libro reperiuntur quem alter Gildas de victoria Aurelij Ambrosij inscripsit The names
King of the Britans there were in Britaine three Archbishops Sees To witt at London Yorke and Caer-hursc the Citie of Legions in Glamorgan shire to whom there were subiect 28. Bishops then called Flamens that is to the Metropolitan of London were subiect Cornewall and all Loegria to the Riuer Humber To him of Yorke all Northumberland from Humber with all Albania To the Citie of Legions was subiect all Cambria then adorned with seuen Bishops now with fower Suffragans Sedes Archiepiscoporum in Britannia tres fuerunt tempore Lucij Regis Britannorum primi Christiani videlicet apud London apud Eboracum apud Caer-hursc vrbem Legionum in Glamorgancia Quibus tunc subiecti fuerunt 28. Episcopi Flamines tunc vocati Videlicet Londoniensi Metropolitano Cornubia tota Loegria vsque ad flumen Humbrum Eboracensi verò tota terra Northimbrina ab arcu Humbri fluminis cum tota Albania Vrbi Legionum subiacuit tota Cambria 7. tunc Episcopis nunc verò 4. Suffraganeis insignita Quam flumen Sabrinae tunc secernebat à Loegria I haue perused an old French Manuscript Historie whose manner of writing and Characters may well giue it a greater Age then any copy of Galfridus Translation though it be continued vntill within 400. yeares perhaps by some other but whether so or otherwise this differeth in very many things euen in this Historie from that Translation of the Brittish History whether we will follow that which our Protestants haue published or that which Ponticus Virunnius did epitimate and so he cannot ground what he deliuereth vppon Galfridus First they differ in the number of the Flamens Galfride and Ponticus number 28. in Britaine besides the Archflamens this History saith there were but 27. they say that King Lucius was buried at Glocester dying by Galfridus in the yeare 156. and by Virunnius an 159. the French History deliuereth he died in the yeare 196. So long after and though he died at Glocester yet he was buried at Caerlegion Galfride calleth this Citie Kaer-ose and Virunnius Caer-usc whereas the French Authour nameth it the Citie of Legions which iâ— vppon the Ryuer of Vsks not as others terme it And he nameth Yorke Euerwicks as the Saxons did and not as Geffry Ponticus and the Britans did of Ebranke Therefore this auncient Authour whether before or after Galfridus cannot be saide to take his directions from that Translation Manusc French Hâ—st very old pr. or que nous sommes c. 9. an 18â— with which he crosseth so often both in these and other matters Yet for this busines we haue now in hand he deliuereth it in these words At that time there were in Britaine now called England 27. Flamins and three Archflamins according to the manner of their Paganismâ— but the aforenamed Doctours Fagan and Damian cast them out and where were Flamyns they made Bishops and where there were Archflamyns they made Archbishops The Sees to these three Archflamins To what Archbishop what Bishops and Prouinces were subiect The Orchades Iles and Scotland subiect to the Archbishop of Yorkâ— M. S. Françoise supr an 180. Galfr. Monum Hist Brit. l. 5. c. 1. being in the three most Noble Cities of Britaine which were London Euerwicks and the Citie of Legions vppon the Ryuer vsks in the Country of Glamorgan in Wales not farre from Seuerne which is in a place delitious and passing in Ritches all other Cities To these three were subiect 27. Bishops To the Archbishop of Euerwicks were subiect Deira and Northumberland Scotland and Albania diuided by Dieceses beyond Humber which parteth them from Loegres which now is called England To the Archbishop of London were subiect Loegres and Cornwayle And he setteth downe with the truth and common opinion that these things were acted about the yeare of Christ 180. both in Pope Eleutherius and King Lucius time which the published Translation of Galfridus must needs mistake affirming King Lucius died in the yeare 156. when Eleutherius was not Pope while long after So this Authour must needs follow others and not Galfridus in this narration And the Manuscript History named Abbreuiatio Chronicorum in that copy which I follow beginning at Adam and ending in the yeare of Christ 1063. argueth the Authour farre more auncient then Geffry of Monmouth and placing this History of planting Religion heare by Faganus and Diuuanus Pope Eleutherius Legats betweene the yeare 170. and 180. writeth more truely of this matter then our published Galfridus Translation and could not imitate that herein Yet this Authour plainely testifieth that these two Legats finding heare in Britaine three Archflamens besides 28. Flamens one of them at London a second at Yorke and the third at Caerlegion constituted Archbishops in their places conformably limiting their Circuits and Iurisdictions Erant tunc in Britannia 28. Flamines tres Archiflamines vbi erant Flamines Episcopos vbi autem Archiflamines Archiepiscopos posuerunt Manuscr Hist Abbreuiatio Chronicorum inter ann 170. an 180. Io. Bal. l. de Scrip. Brit. cent 2. in Radulph de Rizeto Londonensi Archiepiscopo subiacuit Loegria Cornubia Eboracensi Deira Albania Vrbi autem Legionum Cambria 5. Vnto these I may ioyne Dicetus Deane of London or as a Protestant Bishop calleth him Radulphus de Rizeto who though he wrote a litle after Galfridus dying about the yeare of Christ 1200. yet he did not follow Galfridus Translation but assigneth this labour of the Popes Legats in placing Bishops and Archbishops for Flamens and Archflamens to the yeare of Christ 178. aboue twenty yeares after King Lucius death by Geffery his Translation Theater of great Britaine l. 6. Dicetus Deane of London a Manuscript in the Kings Library ad an 178. Yet by our Protestant writers of the Theater of greate Britaine in his Manuscript in the Kings Library at the yeare remembred 178. this matter is thus registrid There were in Britaine eight and twenty Flamyns and three Archflamins in stead of which so many Bishops and Archbishops were appointed vnder the Archbishop of London were the Prouinces of Loegria and Cornubia vnder Yorke Deira and Albania vnder vrbs Legionum Cambria And Harding differing aboue thirtie yeares in his computation from the Bishop of Asaph his Translation and so in no manner to be thought his follower in this matter yet thus he agreeth herein Harding Chron. f. 4â— c. 51. Of 3. Archflamens they made Archbishopricks One at London Troynouant that hight For all Logres with Lawes full autentikes To rule the Church and Christentee in right An other at Carlion a Towne of might For all Cambre at Ebranke the third From Trent North for Albany is kvde I haue cited Martinus Polonus Bergomensis Ptolomeus Lucensis Platina Hartmannus Schedel and diuers French Historians before all of them so farre differing from the Brittish Historie in their calculation and other circumstances that they caÌ„not be called followers thereof yet they all agree that the Flamens and Archflamens
l. 3. in Gul. 1. Contin Flor. Wigorn. in Praesul Cridiat Godwin Catal. in Exeter 1. Ann. Eccl. Meneuen apud eund supra in S. Dauids Galfr. Monum Hist Brit. l. 5. c. 1. Matth. Westm an gratiae 201. Hist Manuscr apud Harris Hist Tom. 2. c. 21. M. Lambert the Pâ—otestant Antiquarie of Kent saith from Antiquities S. Martins Church built by the Romans in Canterbury was a Bishops See vntill the Normans came in and so two in one Citie this substitute to the Archbishop Likewise we may so say of Shastesbury Bathe Leicester and Carleil by the same reason all of these as before hauing Flamens and being old auncient Brittish Cities the first named Cair Paladour Septonia The second Cair Badon Aquae Solis and Thermae by Ptolomaeus Leircester before by Henry of Huntington Cair Legion or Cair Lirion Leicestria Carlile Cair Lueill Cair Leill Lugubalia Cair Doill Which proue they were auncient Cities both to the Britans and Romans as Harding saith In Britaine tongue plainely Cair is to say a Citie in their language As yett in Wales is their common vsage As in the time of the Pagans there was a Flamen in Cornwaile So in exordio Christianae fidei in the beginning of Christianitie heare as Capgraue and others before him write there was a Bishop and a Synode of Bishops there Diuers of their names be preserued Kebius Manditus Columbanus Iwanus Dotharius with others in Succession and the See some time at S. Manus S. Petroks Crediton or S. Germans vppon diuers changes remembred by Antiquaries And a Protestant Bishop hath produced an old Manuscript belonging to S. Dauids that in these times of the Britans there was a Bishops See and Bishop at Exceter in Deuonshire And that an other of these our first Primatiue Bishops was seated at Glocester Cair Glowy or Glou we haue diuers Authorities for most of our Antiquities that entreate of the death of King Lucius say he was buried there in the Episcopall and Cathedrall Church In vrbe Claudiocestriae ab hac vita migrauit in Ecclesia primae Sedis honorificè sepultus est And M Harris in his Manuscript Historie saith he had an old written Chronicle which spake of this Church The Table of King Lucius hanging in S. Peters Church in Cornhill in London is witnes this Church stood where the Order of S. Francis was placed in Glocester And no Authour speaking either of change of Sees or new founding any there after in the Britans time our Histories are witnesses that one Theonus Bishop of Glocester was made Archbishop of London in the Britans time So was Eldad long before Bishop of Glocester in the Reigne of Aurelius Ambrosius That Caer Segent Segen or Silcester now onely there being a Farme house was a Bishops See in those Matth. Westm an gratiae 489. Galfr. Mon. Hist Brit. l. 8. c. 7. Manuscript Gallic antiq an 477. c. 47. Galfr. Mon. Hist Brit. l. 9. c. 15. Manuscr antiq apud Stowe Hist Britans and Sax. in Arthur Galfr. Monum l. 9. c. 1. Hist Brit. l. 6. c. 5. Harding Chron. c. 76. f. 67. dayes besides the name and place for a Flamen we are assured from the Brittish History that in the time of S. Dubritius Archbishop and King Arthur when diuers old Bishops Sees were voide this was one among the rest and that Bishoprick was giuen to one named Mauganius Episcopatus verò Silcestriae Mauganio decernitur This Citie was so renowned in the Britans time that as an old Manuscript witnesseth Constantius sonne of Constantine was honorably buried there and Constantine and Arthur there crowned with such Pompe and solemnitie as our Histories declare This place is 6. miles or there abouts from Reading in Barkshire the remnants of the wall with 4. places where the 4. gates were were two myles in compasse much Roman Money there was found in digging 6. Ihon Harding saith that Chichester was a Bishops See in the time of King Arthur and S. Dubritius and that Mangauero was Bishop there in those dayes And among these I would take Dunwich to haue also bene an Episcopall See about that Age the place in Suffolke no other Towne assigned for a Bishops See in that part of England giueth way vnto it our English Antiquaries confesse it was an auncient Citie and in probable coniecture that which our old Nennius expresseth among the most renowned Brittish Cities by the name of Caer Daun or Dunn after by the Saxons Danmocke or Dunwick no oâ—her auncient knowne Citie more answeareable to that Brittish Appellation And to giue more life to this opinion when the Saxons became Christians and had Bishops it was the care of the Popes and spirituall Rulers then to place both Arcbishops and Bishops where such had bene in the Britans time The two Archbishops Sees of London and Yorke which were voide were by S. Gregory appointed for such againe and by this Title diuers decayed Cities as I shall more expresse hereafter had also Bishops being Episcopall Sees when the Britans and Romans heare ruled And so S. Faelix by Stowe sup liber Elu Records Dun. this Title was first Bishop among the East Angles and of that Citie so renowned that it hath had as a Protestant Historian writeth from the Tradition and Records of that Citie two and fyftie diuine houses and very many of them Parish Churches Heare I haue rather sought to setle a Bishop then at Colchester as one doth where besides the old name Caer common to very Will. Harrison descr of Brit. c. 13 Nenn. Histor Henr. Hunt Hist l. 1. many that neuer were Episcopall Cities besides what I haue said before I finde no motiue at all to say it was at any time much lesse then a Bishops See it is in a corner of that Country an vnwalled thing vntill S. Helen her time much to late to make it a Bishops Citie in King Lucius dayes I can neither finde a Flamen there before nor any Bishop since either when the Britans Romans Saxons or any others ruled heare And yet to giue all to Colchester which the aduauncers thereof require that it was the Towne called Camulodunum as also Colonia of the Colonie planted by the Romans which is more then I dare to doe to giue two so seuerall and distinct names to one singular place by one people at one time yet allowing it so and a Municipium enioying the Romans priuiledges yet all this doth not sufficiently able it for being a Bishops See for we doe not finde that the Romans were then such friends to Christian Religion in those times as with publike allowance to place such spirituall Rulers in their priuiledged Townes as were contrary to the priuiledges Immunities of them so that of all Cities heare those which were Municipia to the Romans as Verolamium S. Albons others were they were the furthest from hauing Christian Bishops in them And we see by experience in Verolamium their Municipium that within one hundred
yeares after this in the time of Dioclesian his Persecution when S. Alban a cheife man there was martyred for the Christian faith the Citie of Verolamium was by all Histories so ignorant thereof as if there neuer had bene any Christian there before much lesse a Bishop which should haue very ill intended to his greate office to suffer himselfe and his cheife chardge to haue so presently apostated from Christ 7. But I must rather hold that the rest of the Bishops Sees were where we finde Christians professing constantly euen to death their holy faith in that most tempestuous time of persecution where we finde any Bishop to haue bene then or where the first Bishops were seated when the Saxons were conuerted then where not any of these but a manifest priuation or destitution of these is found And we haue the old English Historie and others for witnes Old English hist part 4. in K. Lucius that many Bishopriks of the time of King Lucius were still in this Land in those dayes So we may probably add to these Bishopricks by these Titles the Citie of Lichfeild not vnprobably that which Nennius nameth Caerligalid Io. Ross Warwicen l. de Episcop Wigorn. Theater of great Brit. lib. 6. Stowe Hist Romans in Coill Holinsh. Hist of Engl. l. 4. c. 26. so constant in Christian Religion in the Persecution of Dioclesian that at one time it brought forth a thousand Martyrs and thereuppō tooke in the Saxon tongue the name Lichfeild a feild of blood and in the Conuersion of the Saxons was at the first a Bishops See by the old Scottish or Brittish Bishops The like I say of Dorchester now a Villadge neare Oxford but aunciently a Citie Caer Dor as before Dorcestria and Ciuitas Dorchestriae and in the Primatiue Church of the Saxōs a Bishops or the rather onely Bishops See of the kingdom of the Mercians or Middle English diuers hundreds of yeares vntill time of King William the first when Remigius Bishop thereof remoued his See to Lincoln That there was a Bishops See in Huntington shire eyther at the decayed Citie Caer dorm before named or at Godmanchester we haue diuers testimonies both of late and auncient time a late writer speaking of the Bishops ordayned by these Legats of Pope Eleutherius absolutely affirmeth They founded a Bishopricke in the Citie of Gumicastrum now called Godmanchester in Huntinghton shire where S. Machutus was sometime Bishop about the yeare of Harris Theatr. Brit. Tom. 2. in Manuscr Hist Vit. S. Machuti Theater of great Brit. in descr of Hunting shire Manuscr Antiq. Harding Chron. f. 26. 27. c. 30. our Lord. 550. So hath the old written life of S. Machutus as our Theater writers testifie and diuers others and among these an old Manuscript History Among these I may number besides the Archflamens and Arcbishops See in London an other inferiour place of a Flamen and Bishop after first founded as Harding with others witnesseth by Dunwallo S. Paules Church the Bishops See now is seated there He made sixe Temples say Authours in Logres Cambre and Albanie and as many Flamens to rule them of states as Bishops now doen. A Temple also in Troynouant sothely Of peace and concorde he made verely In which when there fell any discorde Emong his Lords there were they made accorde And thus noteth This Temple was S. Paules Church in London How the Pagans dedicated it to Apollo and there sacrificed to him I haue said before And this neuer being either the Arcflamens or Arcbbishops See and yet presently vpon the Conuersiō of the Saxōs made a Bishops seate giueth strength to this opinion and we finde in our Histories more Arcbishops of London in the time of the Britans then of Yorke and Caerlegion both Ioyned together yet was the Citie of London more subiect to tumults and alterations then eyther of these was some Argumēt that to make so greate a number both Archbishops and Bishops there be accompted together 8. But though we leaue London onely to an Archbishops See we shall otherwise make vp our common reckoning of 28. Bishops in that time A Protestant Bishop writeth that Chichester was a Bishops See in the Britans time and had a Bishop at the comming of S. Augustine hither and citeth Roger Houeden for his Authour which I doe not finde in him but that Chester Godwin Catal. in S. Dauids 1. Roger. Houedē Part. 2. Annal. in Rege was then a Bishops See he affirmeth in the life of King Ihon the place I take it which this Protestant meaneth Where he also plainely affirmeth the same of Worchester The old Citie of Lincolne also to haue bene then a Bishops See we haue the conueniencie of place Antiquitie of the Citie both with the Britans and Romans Cair Lud Coit Cair Loichoit Lindum Lindocollinum and that in the Conuersion of the Saxons next vnto Yorke it was made the first Bishops See in those parts 9. Now if we stay heare before we proceed further we haue probably found all the first Bishops Sees that were vnder the Iurisdiction of London both in Loegria and Cornewayle besides some others For Harding holding Hardin Chron. f. 29. c. 23. Sigebert Gemb Chron. ann 445. Matth. Parker Antiq. Brit. p. 9. there were 13. Flamens vnder the Archflamen of London and others that there were 14. we haue Antiquities to direct vs that there were but 7. Bishops vnder Yorke and no more vnder Caerlegion so allowing 28. with the common opinion 14. of these must needs be vnder the Iurisdiction of the Archbishop of London to witt the Bishop of Cornwayle of Exceter Bathe Glocester Worchester Silcester Shastesbury Winchester Canterbury Dunwich or some other Bishops Sees vnder the Archbishop of London in King Lucius or the Brittans time place among the Easte Angles afterward Godmanchester Leychester Leichfeild The other 4. Carleyle Chester Lincoln or Leichfeild if we subiect Lincoln to London and Alchlud were vnder Yorke this Citie of Alchlud was very auncient and renowned in the North parts and by Harding and others stood at Harding supr f. 20. c. 21. Bed Hist l. 1. c. 12. Galfrid Monum Histor Brit. l. 9. c. 5. 6. the West end of the Picts wall and by our Brittish History and S. Bede not farre from thence and as is euident before was both vnder the Spirituall Iurisdiction of Yorke and the temporall Gouernment also of our Kings in this part of Britaine distinct from Scotland long after this time And to speake as our Brittish History doth it was not in Scotland Albania but neare or towards it Constituit Ebrancus vrbem Alclud versus Albaniam And if it had Hist Brit. l. 2. c. 7. bene in that part which now is called Scotland yet when this Citie was builded Bishops Sees vnder Yorke and when it was also made a Bishops See the Scots had nothing to doe there abouts except as Theeues and Pirats then liuing in the out Ilands as both
de Scri. Brit. cent 1. in Samuele Beulano Io. Lelan apud Pits l. de Vir. Illustr in Elbodo Harris Hist Ecc. Manuscr lib. 2. c. 20. Sampson there remayneth litle or no memoriall but their names onely And in the names themselues there is difference in those Memorials of them And both of them omitt their most renowned Archbishop Elbodus who ioyned with S. Augustine and his company and wrote against his owne Britans and Scots for their vntrue obseruatioÌ„ of Easter Some thinke he was created Archbishop by Augustine M. Harris inclineth to be of opinion that S. Fugatianus one of Pope Eleutherius his Legats was the first Archbishop of Caerlegion and S. Damianus the other Archbishop of London yet with the common opinion he had placed S. Thean there before both which may stand with truth in due construction if S. Damianus resigned it to S. Thean who as he saith was Archbishop there 18. yeares And seeing we finde no finall departure of these two holy Legats from hence but rather a continuall aboade heare after their returne from Rome as though they were wholly designed for the spirituall good of this kingdome if we ioyne hearewith what eminent men and Bishops they were we may not deny them any cheife place of honour heare according to their worth and deseruings heare 5. The old writer of Sainct Gudwalus life Surius Haraeus and others say Anonym in Vita S. Gudwali Surius Haraeus in eod 6. Iunij he was Archiepiscopus Britannus an Archbishop of Britaine by his life and aboade of no other place but our old Caerlegion And if we should followe theire opinions which hold that Caerlegion was Augusta where our renowned Archbishop S. Augulus of whome I haue spoken before was Martyred we must also make him Archbishop there And the old Brittish Historie with diuers others testifieth that Tremonus was Arcbishop there Tremonus vrbis Legionum Archiepiscopus long before S. Dubricius And it was foretold Galfr. Monum Hist Briton l. 8. c. 10. before S. Dubricius probably was borne or Tremonus was Archbishop of Caerlegion that this Archbishops See should be translated from thence to S. Dauids and there the Archbishops Pall of Caerlegion should be worne Meneuia Matth. Westm an gratiae 464. Galfr. Monum l. 7. c. 9. pallio vrbis Legionum induetur Which was after verified in the time of S. Dauid as also the Prophesy of the Translation of London to Canterbury by S. Augustine and the seuenth Archbishop of Yorke going into Armorica performed in S. Sampson all foretold at one time together long before Therefore as in London and Yorke there were Archbishops so in this Citie Caerlegion Girald Cambr. Catal. Archiep. Men. Antiquit. MeneueÌ„ in â—atal Godwin Catal. in S. Dauids and Landaff Capgr in S. Dubrit S. Dauid also there were such and wearing the Pall Archiepiscopall iustifiing the vndeniable changed and performance of that prediction After this time all Historyes agree of S. Dubritius S. Dauid Eliud Theeliaus Kinocus immediately succeeding each other and Elbodus in S. Augustins time Of these three new Archiepiscopall Churches a late Protestant Antiquarie vpon diligent search as he would haue his Readers enforme themselues thus writeth more absolutely then others in which three Cities of London Yorke and Caerlegion vpon vske there had bene beforetime three Archflamins erected vnto Apollo Mars and Minerua but now raced to the ground and three other Churches builded in their steeds by Lucius to the intent that the Countryes round about might haue indifferent accesse vnto those places and therewithall vnderstand for certaintie whether to resorte for resolution 6. Neither are we vtterly left destitute of the names of the holy Bishops then placed in the inferior Sees for we haue sufficient Testimony of Thomas Many Bishops of other Sees not Archiepiscopall Rudburne a Monke of Winchester Moratus an old Brittish writer and others that Denotus was then made Bishop of Winchester And all the possessions of Tho. Rudburne Chron. Maiore Morat l. 1. c. 9. Nichol. Harpesfeld hist Eccles p. 6. cap. 3. the Pagan FlameÌ„ there were coÌ„ferred vpon him his Cleargie which were so ample that euen about that Citie all the Lands within 12. miles of it on all sides were belonging vnto it containing in number 32. Villadges Besides him we had diuers others as S. Damianus one of the holy Legats S. Eluanus our CountrymaÌ„ of Britaine sent Bishop hither by Pope Eleutherius Medwinus a Brittan S. Aaron sent also with the Legats and Eusebius sent hither to S. Timothy all now probably Bishops besides diuers of the old Archflamens Flamens and other learned Druyds long since conuerted for vertue and Radulph Niger Harrison descr of Brit. c. 9. Harris Hist l. 2. c. 20. learning and number sufficient to supply those Episcopall Sees and dignities Besides among the so many quamplurimis which came hither with S. Damianus and Fugatianus the second time no man can question but diuers of them were not onely renowned and men in all respects worthie of Episcopall order and dignitie but de facto were there so promoted and supplied some of those vacancyes The rest for the most part for want of the Brittish languadge to preach to the people heare not so fit to be Pastors in Churches were placed in Monasteryes and inferior Orders Deacons Subdeacons Acoluthists Exorzists and the rest then generally vsed in the Church of Christ especially at Rome by whose exemple the frame of our Brittish Church was framed by the Popes direction his Legats execution and his owne after Papall Confirmation 7. And so Britaine neither had then nor could haue any other Religion Britaine receauâ—th Church discipline from Rome at this time or Church Discipline Lawes and order but as the Church of Rome then practized Which some of our Protestants haue remembred and confirme it both with King Lucius request and suite and Pope Eleutherius graunt and allowance One of them expresseth it in these Termes The faith of Christ being Will. Harrison description of Brit. c. 9. thus plaÌ„ted in this Iland in the 177. after Christ and Faganus Dinaw with the rest sent ouer from Rome 178. it came to passe in the third yeare of the Ghospell receaued that Lucius did send againe to Eleutherius requiring that he might haue some breife Epitome of the order of Discipline then vsed in the Church For he well considered that as it auayleth litle to plant a costly vyneiard except it afterward be cherished kept in good order and such things as aâ—noye dayly remoued from the same so after Baptisme and entrance into Religion it profiteth litle to beare the name of Christians except we doe walke in the spirit and haue such thinges as offend apparently corrected by senere Discipline For otherwise it will come to passe that the weedes of vice and vicious lyuing will so quickly abound in vs that they will in the end choke vp the good seed
Hist Brittans Saxons and Scots iudgments the surest Authour we can haue in this matter setting downe the comming of the Picts into these parts first to the Scots in Ireland and then landing in Britaine in the time of Marius as I haue before related longe after the Natiuitie of Christ proueth that the Scots came hither longe after that time Procedente autem tempore Britannia post Britones Pictos tertiam Scotorum Nationem in Pictorum parte recepit And againe Hibernia propriè patria Scotorum est ab hac egressi vt diximus tertiam in Britannia Beda Eccles Hist lib. 1. cap. 1. Britonibus Pictis gentem addiderun◠And the Scottish Antiquaries which would make so longe and auncient a Catalogue of their Kings doe not at any time call them or any of them in those times Kings of Scotia or Scotland Hector Boeth Scot. Hist l. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Georg. Buchan Rer. Scoticar l. 1. 2. 3. 4. c. but Kings of the Scots Scotorum Reges 3. And to returne to Ecclesiasticall matters againe This is confirmed by this present History of the Conuersion of the King of Scots Donaldus by Pope Victor and his Apostolike Preachers among whome we doe not finde any one Bishop to haue bene sent nor any Bishoprike erected in any place where probably this King Donald or any King of the Scots ruled longe time after this The Scottish Antiquaries themselues that stand so stiffely for the Antiquitie of their Nation doe freely acknowledge that the first Episcopall See that euer was where their Kings ruled was erected in the time of Dioclesian his Persecution and this in the Iland of Mona and giuen to S. Amphibalus a Brittish Bishop by King Crathlint King of the Scots at that time Fuit id templum Hect. Boeth Scot. Hist lib. 6. fol. 102. omnium primum Christiano ritu vbi Pontifex sacerque Magistratus sedem haberet primariam inter Scotos cuius nostri meminere Scriptores dedicatum Nunc S. Palladius sent by S. Caelestine Pope the first Bishop of Scots sent from Rome vocant Sodorense Fanum And they both confesse that S. Palladius whome S. Caelestine Pope sent to the Scots aboue 200. yeares after this was the first Bishop which any Pope made sent thither the first that consecrared other Bishops among the Scots Erat Palladius primus omnium qui Sacrum inter Scotos Hector Boethius Scot. Hist l. 7. f. 133. Georg. Buchan Rer. Scotic l. 5. in Rege 42. Hector Boeth supr l. 6. Holins Hist of Scotland p. 88. Manusc Antiq. Io. Capgrau in Vita S. Niniani Hector Boeth Scot. Hist l. 7. f. 119. Io. Bal. l. de Scriptorib Brit. cent 1. in Niniano Beruicio egere Magistratum a summo Pontifice Episcopus creatus And creditur idem Palladius primus Episcopos in Scotia creasse And they set downe the Bishops and places which and where he created them Seruanus in the Iles of the Orchades and Toruanus for the Picts Palladius Seruanum Episcopum ad Orchadas Insulas creauit Et Teruanum Pictorum Archiepiscopum constituit These were the first Bishops which the Scottish Antiquities remember to haue bene either among them or the Picts except S. Ninian sent a litle before from the See of Rome to conuert the Pictish Nation The old Manuscript and Capgraue in S. Niniā his life say that he there ordained Preists consecrated Bishops diuided the Coūtry into Parishes Ordinauit Presbyteros Episcopus cōsecrauit totam terram per certas Parochias diuisit He being a Noble Britan by birth preached both to the Scots Picts and Britans that were in those parts and dyed an old man about the yeare of Christ 432. about which time S. Palladius came hither Ninianus Episcopus sanctitate Miraculis clarissimus Scotorum Pictorum Britouumque Doctor ad senium vsque obijt faelicitatis nostrae Anno 432. 4. It is an euident falsehood which a Puritane Scottish Historian speaking of this time of Paladius his preaching to the Scots affirmeth that vntill then the Churches were gouerned by Monkes without Bishops Ad id vsque tempus Georg. Buchan Rer. Scoticar l. 5. Rege 42. Ecclessiae absque Episcopis per Monachos regebantur For I haue shewed before how from the beginning of Christianitie the Churches of Christ in all places were gouerned by Bishops and such euer ruled heare in Britaine also thirtie or more in number heare in Britaine and how the Northren inhabitants of Britaine that were Christians whether Britans Picts or Scots were subiect to the Archbishop of Yorke and the Bishops which were vnder him And allthough at the first Conuersion of the Scots of this our Britaine whether continuing in the out Ilands or in some small numbers within the maine kingdome not being Owners or Possessioners of any Cities places which were or by the practise of the primatiue Church might be allowed for Fpispall Sees they could not haue Bishops of their owne at that time yet I haue instanced before that so soone as they came to enioy such places as might be allowed for Bishops Residences they also enioyed Bishops with all other Holinshed Hist of Scotland in K. Eugenius Io. Bal. l. de Scri. Brit. cent 1. in Brigida Lagin Capgr in S. Brig Hector Boeth Scot. Hist l. 9. f. 187. Holinsh. hist of Scotl. in Malcolme 3. Hector Boeth Scotor Hist l. 7. f. 133. Henric. Huntington Hist l. 3. Christian Nations so they had S. Amphibalus in Mona Bishop of Soder there S. Ninian and other Bishops consecrated by him And a Protestant Antiquarie in his Historie of Scotland writeth that the Scots had Bishops in the time of Maximus and were banished then with the other Scots And we finde many Auncient Bishops as Machillas Bruno and others Successours to S. Amphibalus in Soder And the Scottish Historians confesse that the Hebrides Ilands Galloway and the adioyning Countryes were subiect to that Bishops See till the time of King Malcome the third about the yeare of Christ 1057. Hebrides Gallouidiam ac illis vicinus Regiones Sodorensi Episcopo cui in Mona Sedes erat Sacra vsque ad Malcolmi tertij Regis tempora in rebus paruisse diuinis And the same Scottish Antiquaries with others proue that allthough their Bishops were commonly chosen at the first out of their Culdeis holy Preists or Monkes yet they were consecrated and made Bishops as others were Ex monachis Culdeis Pontifices assumerentur And to be assured that these Scottish Bishops were truely and ritely consecrated it was an old custome of the Scots in the time of S. Wiro allmost a thowsand yeares since that when Manuscr Ant. in Vita S. Wironis Episc Capgr Catal. in eod the Scots had any Bishop to be Consecrated they sent him to Rome to be sacred there moris erat apud Incolas Pastorem à se electum Romam manibus Apostolicis ordinandum dirigere ordinatumque sedem plebem
Nam literas scribunt illi de ea re passim ad omnes mittunt And hauing thus proceeded they returne home in the same Socrat. Hist Ecc. l. 2. supr c. 18. Niceph Hist Eccl. l. 9. c. 13. minde to their owne Cities Episcopi qui Sardicae conuenerunt rebus constitutis ad suas eorum Ciuitates reâ—erterunt And after that time as Socrates Nicephorus and others testifie our Bishops of Britaine and others of the West seperated themselues from the Hereticall faction in the East Deinceps Occidens ab Oriente per secessionem diuisus est Non amplius enim Occidentales cum Orientalibus haud eadem secum sentientibus negotij sibi quicquam coniunctionis esse voluere Yet Niceph. cap. 14. supr many of the most glorious men of the East also perseuered in the same Catholike profession as our Brittish and other Westerne Bishops did as Paulus Patriarch of Constantinople S. Athanasius of Alexandria S. Anthony and generally the Monkes of Egypt Eusebius Emissenus Titus Bostrensis Serapion S. Basile Eudoxius Acacius S. Cyrill Theodorus Perinthius S. Ephrem and others without number S. hitherto we see the state of Christs Church in Britaine to haue bene glorious both for number of renowned Catholike Bishops and freedome from all contagion and infection of the wicked errors ad Heresies of that time THE XX. CHAPTER HOW BRITTAINE HAVING MANY BIshops at the greate Councell at Ariminum all were free from Heresie And very few Brittans consented to Arrianisme But were free from Heresie vntill that of Pelagius 1. THAT this Country of Britaine after this florished with greate numbers of Worthie Bishops no Citie then vacant heare of such a Pastor and Ruler we may gather from diuers Antiquities as from the Epistle of the greate Councell of Ariminum in Italy not longe after this time written to Constantius the Emperor where our Bishops were present testifying vnto him that they were assembled there forth of all Cities towards the West most properly and significently to be applyed to this kingdome most West from thence Cuncti Episcopi ex omnibus Ciuitatibus ad Occidentem sitis Arimini in vnum conuenimus And the words all Bishops out of Epist Concilij Arimini ad Constantium Imperat apud Socratem l. 2. Hist c. 29. Sozom. Hist Eccl l. 4. c. 16. Seuer Sulpit. sacrae Hist lib. 2. Cap. 21. supr apud Sozomen Lib. Notitia Ep. orb Christiani siue Cod. Prouinc Rom. all Westerne Cities cuncti Episcopi ex omnibus Ciuitatibus ad Occidentem sitis cannot carry any other true construction but that our Episcopall Cities in Britaine were then so furnished and many or most of them present at that CouÌ„cell This is confirmed by the number of Westerne Bishops aboue 400. as Sozomen and others write assembled at Ariminum ad Conciliâ—m Arimini congregati sunt amplius quadringenti Episcopi besides 160. of the Easte at the same time gathered together at Seleucia in Isauria dum haec geruntur Episcopi Orientis numero circiter centum sexaginta Seleuciam quod est oppidum Isauriâ— conueniunt When it is euident in the old Manuscript Catalogue of Bishops called Notitia Episcoporum orbis Christiani or Codex Prouincialis Romanus that Britaine and all the Westerne Nations present in that Councell of Ariminum had not at that time many more then fower hundred Bishops Therefore we must needs grant that the Bishops of all Cities as well of Britaine as other CouÌ„tries of the West which had not excusable letts impediments were there present in such sence as the Epistle of that Councell is cited before And Seuerus Sulpitius Seuer Sulpit. sacrae Hist l. 2. is sufficient witnesse for this our Britaine in particular that it had many Bishops there for relating the number to haue bene aboue foure hundred out of the West quadringenti aliquando amplius Occidentales Episcopi Ariminum conuenere And the Emperor the better to encline them to his Arrian faction as it seemeth commanded prouision should be made for them all at his cost quibus omnibus annonas cellaria dare Imperator praeceperat But the Bishops of France Aquitaine and Britaine refused it and rather made choice to liue at their owne chardges then to be maintained by the Emperour and this refusall was generall to all the Bishops of Britaine Aquitaine and France except three onely of Britaine which receaued allowance from the Emperour and refused maintenance by the other Bishops themselues being poore id Aquitanis Gallis ac Britannis indecens visum repudiatis fiscalibus proprijs sumptibus vinere maluerunt Tres tantum ex Britannia inopia proprij publico vsi sunt cum oblatam a caeteris collationem respuissent sanctius putantes fiscum granare quam singulos 2. This affirmation that all the Bishops of Britaine excepting onely three which were poore were profered to be maintained by their fellow Bishops which were generally ritch as I haue declared before in the Foundation of King Lucius giuing them both all the Flamens and Archflamens Lands Reuenewes And others doth euidently testifie that Britaine had many Bishops at Ariminum when the number of three is but a tantùm allmost nothing in respect of the othrs And the same Authour there prouing that the Brittish Bishops were both acciti and attracti Cited and drawne or forced to come to that Councell by the Officers of Constantius now after his brothers death a professed friend of the Arrian Heresie or rather a professed Arrian then reigning in Britaine maketh it euident that our Brittish Bishops which could not pleade sufficieÌ„t cause of excuse and absence were generally present there And if those few poore Bishops of Britaine which were not able to beare their owne charges were drawne thither to be maintained by the Emperour how much rather must we iudge the same of so many potent and ritch in this Country which could pretend no such excuse So that we see no excuse but Harris Eccles Hist tom 4. cap. 24. infirmitie either by Age or sicknes to haue caused any Brittish Bishops absence thence A late Writer thinketh Iltutus then as he coniectureth Archbishop of London the Archbishops of Yorke and Carleon the Bishops of Winchester Cilicester and Glocester with others were there I see no particular warrant he bringeth more for these then any other of so many Episcopall Brittish Cities of that time which I haue before remembred all of them being in the same condition for presence or absence but where iust excuses and letts were singular to any in particular aboue the rest for good Authours before haue testified that all in generall were vrged to be there without any exception or to be expempted And allmost all Bishops in the worlde were then caused to be either at Ariminum in Italy where those of the West were or at Seleucia appointed for the Earstern Bishops Interim in Oriente exeÌ„plo Occidentalium Imperator iubet cunctos fere Episcopos apud
for entertaining and releeuing persecuted Preists and Christians his house there being dedicated a cheife Church most Christians resorting to it And other Apostolike men sent from Rome into Britaine in this time 227 Chap. X. Of the last holy labours of S. Timothie in Britaine his honour with S. Denis the Areopagite his returne from hence to Rome and Martyrdome there and Martyrdome of S. Pius Pope in the same place 231 Chap. XI Of the holy Popes next succeeding Sainct Pius and their Religion The fauorable Edict of Marcus Aurelius Emperour for defence and protection of Christians and the Christian Lieutenants Trebellius and Pertinax with the forhidding the Druids Religion occasions of the publike receauing and profession of Christianitie in Britaine by King Lucius and his subiects 234 Chap. XII How the Religion of the Druides in Britaine made some binderance for the generall receauing of the lawe of Christ But conuicted to be abominable Idolatrie and Superstition the Professors of it generally embraced the faith of Christ detesting their former Infidelities and Impieties 240 Chap. XIII Of Pope S. Eleutherius and how in his Papacie and by his Papall order and power Britaine had the honour to be the first Christian kingdome in the worlde and eldest daughter of the mother Church of Christ King Lucius by his Embassadors and petition to the Pope of Rome so obtaining 247 Chap. xvj Wherein is related how King Lucius did not onely sue vnto the Pope of Rome by his Embassadges for the generall settling of Christian Religion in Britaine but for ciuill and temporall lawes also to be allowed by him to rule heare in Temporall affaires 252 Chap. xv The mission of the holy Legats saincts Damianus Fugatianus Bishops and diuers others from sainct Eleutherius Pope of Rome at the request of sainct Lucius King heare in Britaine by Authoritie to plant and setle heare the true Christian Religion 260 Chap. xvi How these holy Roman Legats by Power and Commission from the Pope and Apostolike See of Rome conuerted and confirmed vnto and in the faith of Christ all manner of Parsons in all places of Britaine whether the Nobilitie Flamens Archflamens or of what Order or degree soeuer 266 Chp. xvij How in Britaine these holy Legats placed Archbishops Bishops in our Cities Archbishops in the places of Archflamens and Bishops for Flamens And how by all writers such dignities were among the auncient Pagans both in Britaine and other Nations 272 Chapt. xviij In what Places of Britaine these cheifest coÌ„manding Archflamens were to witt at London Yorke and Caerlegion and how these Roman Legats placed for them Archbishops with their seuerall commands and Iurisdictions some of them by the Apostoliâ—e power extending and coÌ„manding ouer Prouinces and Countries not temporally subiect to King Lucius of Britaine or the Romans but rather enemyes vnto them in ciuill affaires 279 Chap. xix Of the Episcopall Sees and Cities of the Inferiour Bishops subordinate to the Archbishops which where and how many they were ordained by these Roman Legats and continued Bishops Sees in the Romans and Britans time 285 Chap. xx How S. Eleutherius Pope did not onely by his Papall Authoritie establish and settle Religion Ecclesiasticall thiÌ„gs heare but directed what temporall Lawes were to be vsed appointed the bounds and limits of this kingdome sending and allowed Crowne to our King and such Lawes Order continued heare in many Ages after 295 Chapt. xxj Of many Archiepiscopall Episcopall and other Churches and Monasteries both of men and women founded and ritcly endowed and priuiledged in this time 304 Chap. xxij How after these Roman Legats had fully settled the affaires and estate of our Church heare they went againe to Rome to procure the Pope there to ratifie and confirme what they had done which he did and they returned hither againe with that his Confirmation and many other Preachers then sent hither from Rome 311 Chap. xxiij Of the Archbishops of London Yorke and Caerlegion in this time in particular many other inferiour Bishops and the Roman Church Discipline heare also setled by Papall Authoritie 316 Chap. xxiv Of the comming of these holy Legats to Glastenbury their holy labours deeds and long aboade there their renewing there the old Religeous Order of S. Ioseph of Aramathia and his brethren greate priuiledges and indulgeÌ„ces by theÌ„ procured to that holy place the glory honour and renowne thereof in the whole Christian world 322 Chap. xxv Of the greate honour and Renowne of our old Brittish Apostolike Order of Religion from the comming of sainct Ioseph of Aramathia in the yeare of Christs Natiuitie 63. without any discontinuance or Interruption by some and very short time after his death by all many hundreds of yeares in greate perfection without any change or alteration to be named a Mutation of Monasticall Rule being the Mother or Nurse of Monasticall holy life to many Nations and Religious Orders in them by which also many CouÌ„tryes to Christ were conuerted 328 Chap. xxvj That diuers of the Britans which liued in that part of Britaine then called Albania now Scotland were conuerted by the same meanes and manner by these Roman Legats as the other Britans of Loegria and Cambria were at that time 333 Chap. xxvij Of diuers bookes or writings of sainct Phaganus Damianus Eluanus Meduuinus and others Charters and Immunities of Pope Eleutherius and King Lucius the Scripturs heare receaued in the old Latine Translation and the same Canon of them which Catholicks now obserue and followe 337 THE THIRD AGE THE I. CHAPTER VVHerein is deliuered that sainct Victor being now Pope Seuerus Emperour and sainct Luciuâ— yet King of Britaine but shortly dying sainct Victor was Supreame in gouernment of the whole Church of Christ in Asia Afrike and Europe and particularly in Britaine which so acknowledged and receaued from him the true obseruation of Easter as it had done with other Catholike customes from sainct Eleutherius before 343 Chap. ij Of the time and place of King Lucius his death That he did not die or was martyred in Germanie Neither had he any Sister called Emerita martyred there It was an other Prince of Britaine after this time This our first Christian King Lucius died at Gloucester in Britaine 346 Chapt. iij. How notwithstanding the death of King Lucius without Heire to succeede in the gouernment of the kingdome the Brittans perseuered constantly in the Christian faith and the Scots by Preachers sent from sainct Victor Pope of Rome at the entreatie of their King Donalde receaued the faith and as the Brittans continued in it vntill the Protestants time euen by their owne confessions 350. Chap. iv That allthough the being of the Scots in Britaine in the time of sainct Victor is vncertaine and not proued but rather otherwise yet the Inhabitants of the part now called Scotland Britans or whosoeuer were conuerted in King Lucius and this time The Bishops of the conuerted Scots were euer true Bishops and they euer
greate authoritie doth warrant vs that he preached in extremis vltimis not onely in one prouince but the very laste and vttermost in respect of that place which must needes comprehend this Iland of Britayne we may not now exclude him from hence where he hath bene honored with a Church dedicated to him as an holy Bishop so many hundreds of yeares aboue 1400. since in a Nation so peculiarly honoring the memories of the renowned Apostles and Saints thereof with such testimonies of loue and duitie And this the rather because we are told by forrain writers that he was not onelie Apostolorum discipulus a disciple of the Apostles Arnold Mitm Theatr. Conu gent. and sent to these western parts whether as before it is hard to finde any to haue bene sent from any Apostle but S. Peter And this Church being aunciently a Bishops See as the Kentish Protestant Antiquary hath told vs before and yet without the City of Canterbury it giueth more strenght to this opinion for all Antiquities agree that through out the whole kingdome in the time of King Lucius all the Cathedrall and Episcopall Churches were in cyties Which argueth this See to haue had a more auncient originall then from that time for further proofe whereof the auncient Manuscript History Histor Roffen M. S. of Rochester saith Extra Ciuitatem in parte Orientali est Ecclesia Beati Martini vbi Sedes Episcopalis erat without the city of Canterbury one the East side is the Church of S. Martine where there was a Bishops See And Bishop Godwin was the last Bishop there in the time of Archbishop Lanfranke who would not permit any successor therein saying that two Bishops might not be in one city Godwino vltimo illius Sedis Episcopo successorem Lanfrancus subrogare noluit dicens quod in vna ciuitate duo Episcopi minime esse deberent Standing vpon the Canons of the Church as his reason argueth which further confirmeth this custome to haue bene long more auncient then the Canons in that behalfe And seeing Cathedrall Churches ordinarily take their denomination of the first Saincts that were Bishops there except some other extraordinary merits of Saints and deuotion vnto them giue them this priuiledge this may be some warrant vnto vs in this case to incline to thinke this S. Martine eyther preached heare or so well deserued of this Nation that we may not easily depriue him of this honour 8. To this I may probably ioyne S. Nathanael spoken of in the Ghospel Not vmprobable but S. Nathaniel was and preached in Britaine and termed of our Sauiour a true Israelite for as our French Historians tell vs he was both consecrated Bishop by S. Peter the Apostle and was successour to S. Aphrodisius in the See of Bituriges in Fraunce about the time of S. Peters coming hither and at his direction at those times and by the Greeks in their Menologe called Symon Therefore seeing some haue so contended before Guliel Eisengr centen 1. f. 54. an 54. Anton. part-1 tit Anton. De. moch l. 2. c. 24. Graeci in Menolog Baron in Annot. in Martyrol 28. Octob. Sim. Chan. to bring one S. Symon into Britayne and demonstration is also made that it could not be S. Symon Zelotes the Apostle to leaue a place of due credit to their Authoritie I may credibly ascribe it to S. Nathanael called S. Symon and by some the brother of S. Philip the Apostle and generally after the Ascension of Christ at the dispositioÌ„ of S. Peter principally in these Western parts where although cheifely he bore the title of the Bishops of Biturigum Burages in Berry in Fraunce yet he trauailed in diuers other parts as appeareth in Histories as others likewise did who tooke their names of being Bishops of certayne places Which is most euident in S. Peter himselfe who although he neuer tooke name of Residency but at Anthioch and Rome yet he trauay led and preached in so many Nations as I haue and shall set downe hereafter 9. And if we will follow the Antiquities of Glastenbury vpon whose authoritie Antiq. Glast M. S. in tabul lignea perantiqua Io. Capgrau in Catalog in S. Ioseph ab Aramathia the Protestant Antiquaries of England haue builded much in many things we are told in them that S. Iosephe sonne of S. Ioseph of Aramathia that buryed Christ came hither liued dyed heare came hither with his Father and that holy company and also lyued and dyed a Bishop heare That he was not a Bishop at his coming hither it seemeth euident by many arguments first because no History maketh mention of any Episcopall function S. Iosephe sonne of S. Ioseph of Aramathia by diuers Antiquities was a Bishop heare and probably consecrated heare by S. Peter or his Disciples performed then by him or any of that happy society secondly by all Antiquities they liued and dyed in the Eremiticall state of life Which much differeth from Episcopall which conuerseth with and ruleth others and the Churches committed vnto his chardge Thirdly in all Antiquities and Monuments of these holy men remembred eyther by Catholiks or Protestants S. Ioseph of Aramathia is called the cheife and principall ex quibus Ioseph ab Aramathia primus erat Intrat Aualoniam duodena caterua vivorum Inscriptio antiqua in aere in Caenob Glaston Tabul antiq ib. Ioh. Capgr in S. Ioseph ab Aramath Godwin CoÌ„u of Britaine p. 11. Theater of Brit. l. 6. Camd. in Glastenbury Capgr in S. Patricio Flos Aramathiae Ioseph est primus â—orum Iosephes ex Ioseph genitus patrem comitatur Where S. Ioseph that was no Bishop is euery were stiled their cheife and Ruler Therefore his sonne Iosephe could be no Bishop at that time for so a Bishop whose office is to rule and in all languadges by all interpretation is an Ouerseer Cheife commaunder and Ruler of others his subiects should haue bene inferiour subiect commaunded and caled to and by his inferiour and subiect Therefore to iustifie the prediction of our Sauiour after his Ascension that Iosephe should be a Bishop which the Antiquitie of Glastenbury setteth downe as a thing then done saying of him Iosephe quem Dominus Iesus priùs in ciuitate Sarath in Episcopum consecrauit Iosephe whom our Lord Iesus had consecrated for a Bishop before in the city Sarath We must needes say that he was afterward according to the designment and Prophesie of Christ consecrated Antiquit. Glaston apud Cap. grau in S. Ioseph ab Aramath a Bishop in this kingdome for Prophesies that be true are so certayne they shall come to passe that often times they are expressed as presently done and acted as is vsuall in holy Scripturs and other wtiters when they are not to be performed long after because they are as assuredly to be after in due time as if they were presently acted and fulfilled as we must needes interprete this For the reasons before demonstrate that
was baptized his subiects followed his example Matth. Westm in such order that in a short time there was not heare any Infidell to be found Quod cum factum fuisset concurrerunt ad Baptismum Nationes diuersae exemplum Regis sequentes ita vt in breui nullus inueniretur Infidelis Hartmannus Schedel reporteth Hartni Scedel Chron. Chronic. f. 115. p. 2. Epist S. Patricij apud Capgrau in vita eius Leland assert Arthurij Antiq. Glast Scriptor vitae S. Helenae apud Capgrau in Catalog as others before that these Legats baptized the King and his people Regem ipsum ac populum The Historicall Relation of S. Patrike commonly called his Epistle witnesseth that they conuerted both the King people trauailing quite through Britaine Phaganus Deruianus Regem cum suo populo ad fidem conuerterunt peragrantes Britanniam The old Authour that wrote S. Helen her life recordeth how vpon the Baptisme of King Lucius all the people of the whole Nation presently flocked together to be instructed in the faith of Christ and were baptized Nec mora concurrentes vndique totius Nationis populi Regis exemplum insequuntur eodemque salutari lauachro mun dati caelesti Regno restituuntur Harding thus setteth it downe in his olde verses Eleuthery the first at supplication Harding Chron. c. 51. f. 43. Of Lucius sent him two holy menne That called wer Faggan and Duuyen That baptized him and all his Realme throughoute With hertes glad and laboure deuoute Sigebertus saieth generally of the Britans without restriction that they Sigebert Chron. in Regno BritaÌ„norum receaued Christianitie by the Legats of Pope Eleutherius sent at the request of their King Lucius Britanni instantia Lucij Britanniarum Regis per Legatos Eleutherij Papae Mysteria Christianitatis perceperunt Walterus Rollwink in his Fasciculus writeth that Fuganus and Damianus the Legats of Pope Eleutherius baptized both King Lucius and his people who vpon the solemne Baptisme of their King submitted themselues to Christian Religion Eleutherius Walter Rollw in Fascicul teÌ„p an 184. misit Legatos Lucio Regi Britonum qui eum cum populo suo baptizarunt Solemniter Rege Lucio baptizato subiectus populus eius exemplo fidei colla submisit pacificè THE XVII CHAPTER HOW IN BRITAINE THESE HOLY LEGATS placed Archbishops and Bishops in our Cyties Archbishops in the places of Archflamens and Bishops for Flamens And how by all writers such dignities were among the auncient Pagans both in Britaine and other Nations 1. WHEN the Ecclesiasticall affaires of Britaine had thus prosperously proceeded that the King and all his Nobilitie were become Christians as Gildas Nennius the Antiquities of Landaffe and others after them testifie Rex cum vniuersis Britanniae Regulis Baptismum susceperunt And as an other Copie of Gildas agreeing with Nennius readeth Lucius Britannicus Rex cum vniuersis Regulis totius Britanniae Baptismum susceperunt And in the Antiquities of Landaffe Lucius totius Britanniae Primates Baptismum susceperunt And all Scholes Cities Druids Teachers and Schollers of Idolatrie were thus conuerted to Christ as all our Antiquaries Catholiks and Protestants haue deliuered so that all both Rulers and subiects both temporall and such as were then called spirituall had now embraced that Religion and worship of God which as it was diametrically as it were repugnant to the superstions of the Gentils in Britaine about their Idols termed Gods so it vtterly condemned many of their barbarous and prophaine customs and obseruations in meerely ciuill and human affaires and proceedings as I haue in very many things intollerable to be practized or permitted giuen Instance before Therefore as the state of Religion and reueâ—ence to God was now changed and onely heare wanted an externall Authoritatiue setling of an Ecclesiasticall Hierarchie of Bishops Preists Cleargie men to gouerne in Religion and places or Churches for professing and publike practise of the same which were now to be prouided by these holy Legats so King Lucius as the Vicar of Christ in this kingdome in temporall things as S. Eleutherius stileth him in his Epistle about this busines wrote vnto that holy Pope for his direction also in this greate affaire of changing his temporall Lawes to make all sure that nothing should be receaued and established heare either concerning the dutie and office of man to God or man to man one towards an other but what should haue direction or allowance Godwin Conu of Brit. p. 26. The Ecclesiasticall Hierarchie of Archbishops Bishops Preists and other Clergy men now setled heare by the Popes authoritie from the See Apostolike of Rome Of this second I will speake when I haue in some manner finished or deliuered the first the setling or founding our Ecclesiasticall Hierarchie and gouernement in such affaires 2. That these Roman Legats did presently vppon our Conuersion appoint the Sees of Bishops and Archbishops according to the place and number of the Flamens and Archflamens of the Pagans is so generally receaued for an vndeniable truth in Antiquities as a Protestant Bishop singularly excepting one other of his profession heare naming him that he perceiueth not any that haue gainesaid it before Maister Doctor Sutcliffe But contrariwise diuers both auncient and learned are to be found that haue partly broached it and partly applauded the same And yet this bold faced man against all learned Antiquitie in his owne confession pleaseth to call it a deuise so childish and ridiculous as he cannot but wonder that any man of Learning and Iudgment should approue it And bringeth no more reason then he doth Authoritie for this his singularitie Onely he saith that Fenestella which directly teacheth this dignitie of Archflamens among the Gentils is not the auncient Fenestella which was in the time of Tiberius the Emperour but a man of later time then that which Fenestella printed published by the ProtestaÌ„ts of Basile may not be so shuffled ouer vpon the bare word of one Protestant of England against all his Brethren in Basile where by their Authoritie the booke was printed and published for a true auncient Fenestella And it is a strange conceite of his to be vttered to vewe to thinke to Father this opinion first vpon Gratian as thus he doth The defendor of this conceit is Gratian whome I doubt not we may accompt the first Authour of the same For I haue proued in the first chapter of this Age at lardge both by Catholiks and Protestants that diuers lyuing and writing in the time of the Apostles were of this opinion and proued it by the practise of the Apostles themselues which appointed Primats for those cheife Cities of Prouinces where in the time of the Gentils their Archflamens were resident and Ruled and gaue order this vsadge should be obserued by Posteritie And this Protestant Bishop contradicteth himselfe in this matter for first making Gratian Authour heareof presently he thus addeth of him True
these Druids there is one Primate which hath cheife Authoritie ouer them Where the Marginall note likewise is among the Druids one Primate and cheife ouer the rest And Ammonius speaking also in the words of Caesar hath the same and addeth further that when this Primate or Archflamen dyed an other the most worthie was substituted in his place by voices of the Flamens or Druids and sometime this Primacie or Principalitie was decided by armes His autem omnibus Druidibus praeest vnus qui summam inter eos habet Authoritatem Hoc mortuo si quis ex reliquis excellit dignitati succedit aut si sint plures pares suffragio Druidum Nonnunquam etiam armis de Principatu contendunt Wâ—ich must needs be vnderstood of the Druids and Flamens in one Prouince where there was also one temporall Gouernor and not of all the Druids and Flamens that were dispersed either in France Germanye and Britaine ioyntly together or any one of these greate Nations hauing diuers Prouinces and seuerall temporall Regents and Regiments at that time as all Histories proue After these Pagans so write our Christian Antiquaries euen Protestants habebant Druides sui ordinis supremum Pontificem Hâ—â—ric Pantal. de vitis Illustrib part 1. cap. 41. Magdeburgen centur 2. pag. 15. Beat. Rhenan Reâ— Germanic l. 3. pag. 123. 124. quo mortuo alius qui dignitate pollebat eligebatur Which supremus Pontifex highest spirituall man is as much as Archflamen or the like The Magdeburgians say there were diuers orders of such among the Gentils some Pontifices Maximi others Flamens and the inferior Preists Alij Pontifices Maximi appellantur alij Flamines Beatus Rhenanus deliuereth how the primatiue Christians did place Archbishops and Metropolitans according to the Prouinces of the Pagan Romans and particularly reciteth many saying they had Archbishops and Metropolitans for their old Primacy in the Pagans times propter ciuitatum veterem primatum and this is that saith he which Pope Lucius saith Cities and places in which Primats ought to gouerne were appointed long before Christ Atque hoc est quod Lucius Papa dicit apud Gratianum dist LXXX vrbes inquit loca in quibus Primates praesidere debent non a modernis sed multis ante Christi aduentum statutae sunt temporibus Quorum Primatus etiam pro maioriâ—us negotijs appellabant And there acknowledgeth that both this S. Lucius which was Pope in the yeare 155. and S. Clement Successor to S. Peter directed that these Metropolitans should be placed where ArchflameÌ„s were in the time of the Pagans The first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury his Successor there Whitegift Foxe Ihon Prise Barnes and other principall Protestants of England acknowledg as much and proue it from S. Anacletus Matth. Parker Ant. Brit. Whitgift against Cartw. Pris def hist Britan. Rob. Barnes in Vit. Pontif. in Anacl Otto Frigens Chron. l. 3. c. 2. and others that it was an Apostolicall ordination that such should succeed in place of the Pagan Archflamens Therefore seeing there is so generall a consent herein of all writers I will coÌ„clude with that auncieÌ„t Noble and learned Bishop Otto FrigeÌ„sis that wrote before GratiaÌ„ or the TraÌ„ssator of the Brittish Historie speaketh as plainely as either Fenestella did or any man can doe and with the generall opinion of Christians in his time vbi sub principibus gentium Flamines erant ibi postmodum a nostris locati sunt Episcopi Vbi illi Archiflamines nos Archiepiscopos vbi illi Protoflamines nos Primates seu Patriarchas habere caepimus omnes quidem vnius ordinis sed pro differentia ciuitatum diuersae dignitatis where vnder the Primas of the gentils there were Flamins there by Christians Bishops were placed Where they had Archflamens we began to haue Archbishops Where they had Protoflamens there we had Primats or Patriarks all of one order but of different dignitie for the diuersitie of the Cities THE XVIII CHAPTER IN WHAT PLACES OF BRITAINE THESE cheifest commanding Archflamens were to witt at London Yorke and Caerlegion and how these Roman Legats placed for them Archbishops with their seuerall commands and Iurisdictions some of them by the Apostolike power extending and commanding ouer Prouinces and Countryes not temporally subiect to King Lucius of Britaine or the Romans but rather enemyes vnto them in cyuill affayres 1. HAVING thus inuincibly proued by all Antiquities that there The â—ld Bâ—ittiâ—h 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 Arcâ—flamens Flaâ—es Aâ—chbiâ—â—ops and â—ishops with thâ—ir Sees were among the Gentils especially in this kingdome of Britaine not onely Flamins but Archflamens and they seated in the principall gouerning Cities in seuerall Prouinces and how after the comming of Christ euen from the Apostles time and by their ordinance and Institution their Residences were to be changed into Archiepiscopall or Metropolitan cheife commanding Sees in the Christian Religion If we had no other particular proofe for this but in generall termes S. Edwards Lawes the testimonie of Gildas Nennius the Antiquities of Landaffe S. Isidorus who as Pope Eleutherius also calleth this Nation Gens Bruti Thomas Archbishop of Yorke a NormaÌ„ by birth in the time of King William the Leges S. Edwardâ— Reg. apud Gul. Lamb. l. de Prisâ—â—s legib f. â—â—6 Gildas apud 〈◊〉 l. 1. cap. 17. Vâ—r. l. 1. Cestren Pontic Nenn. Hist Ant. Land Ecc. Isid l. Etiml Thom. Ebor. apud Stowe â—â—â—ofe of Brute â—hahessinus aâ—â—d Prâ—s pag. 27. Guâ—iel Malmes apud eund Henr. Hunt Hâ—stor de Regâ—b Britan. Gualt Oxon. apud Harding ca. 16. Bal. 2. cent Sigeb Gembl Hist de Regno Brit. MariaÌ„ apud Harding c. 16. Literae defensoâ—iae Eduardi Regis 1. ad Papam Rom. apud Tho. Walsing Hist in Eduardo 1. Ypodig Neustriae an 13 1. Gildas apud Raâ— Higeden Manuscr chron c. 4â— Galfr. Mon. l. 1. Hist Brâ—t c. 17. Pontic Virun l. 1. Sigebertus An. 437. Haâ—â—m Scedel Chron. Chron. Ranulp Hâ—geden ca. 47. Stowe histor in Brute Harding Chronicl f. 16. c. â—â— first Thaliessinus aboue 1000. yeares since William of Malmesbury Henry of Huntington Gualterus Calenus Sigebertus with many others before Galfridus Monumetensis wrote and himselfe Virunnius and innumerable after both of this and other Nations and publike Parlaments as that in the time of King Edward the first at Lincolne where after most diligent search of Antiquities and due examination as this greatest matter of the right of a kingdome required sent his Apologeticall letters to the Pope of Rome sealed with an hundred seales and witnesses Rex Angliae ex deliberato apud Lincolniam conuocato Consilio pro iure suo declarando literam huius tenoris rescripsit centum sigillis signatam Wherein is declared and iustified that in the time of Hely and Samuel the Prophet Brutus the Troian landed heare and by his owne name called the Country Britannia before named Albion de nomine suo Britanniam sociosque suos Britones appellauit And
hauing three sonnes Locrinus Albanact and Camber did at his death diuide the IlaÌ„d into three parts or Prouinces Loegria now England to Locrinus his eldest sonne Albania Scotland to Albanact the second and Cambria Wales to Camber the youngest Locrino primoginito dedit illam partem quae quondam Loegria nunc vero Anglia nominatur Albanacto filio natu secundo dedit Albaniam quae nunc Scotia vocitatur Cambro vero tertio filio dedit Cambriam quae modo wallia nominatur reseruata Locrino Regia dignitate This might suffice for this busines for being testified with so many domesticall and forreine priuate and publike witnesses that this Tripartited diuision was heare from the beginning and first name of Britaine we must needs for euery seuerall part and Prouince assigne a seuerall gouernment and order therein as their Rulers and Gouernours were diuers and distinct 2. But our Antiquities carry vs further and informe not onely that London Yorke and Caerlegion were the seuerall cheife Cities in this diuision but the Kings which founded them for such ordayned them likewise to be the Seats and Residences of three seuerall Archiflamens or Protoflamens For the glory and Noblenes of London therevpon named Augusta I haue spokeÌ„ before and as it is the common opinion in Antiquities that it is the most auncient Citie of this Iland builded by Brutus as not onely the Brittish Historie Galfridus Virunnius and our English Antiquaries after them but Gildas Sigebertus and others sufficiently witnes and except M. Stowe is deceaued in his Authours Aethicus an old Pagan Philosopher testifieth no lesse affirming that Brutus named this kingdome Brutannia And Ihon Harding in his plaine verse with others recordeth how he there from the very beginning instituted an Archflamens Seate And Troynouant he made full especially An Archflaume his Sâ—e Cathedrall certayne A temple thereof Apolyne to optaine By Troian Lawe This is commonly written to haue bene 1100. yeares before Christ And it is a coÌ„mon receaved opinion among our Antiquaries that EbraÌ„cus sonne to Mempricius about 100. yeares after builded the Citie of Yorke calling it after his name Kairbranke as both Brittans and Saxons Catholiks and Protestants consent Whereas Harding and Stowe with others affirme he seated an Archflamen Harding saith Hee made a Temple in Ebranke Citie Harding Chron. c. 21. f. 22. Stowe Hist in Ebranke Of Diane where an Archflamen he sett To rule Temples as that time was his dett In the tweÌ„tith yeare of his Reigne writeth Stowe he builded Kayrbranke since by the Saxons called Euorwike now corruptly Yorke wherein he builded a Temple to Diana and sett there an Archflamen and was there buryed when he had reigned 60. yeares Thus auncient these our Historians make Archflamens in Britaine and I haue related their very words not that I thinke the name and worde Archflamen but onely their office and calling among the Gentils to be so auncient as the time assigned to our Brutus but of youÌ„ger continuance and age by diuers hundreds of yeares the word Flamen not knowne vntill the time of Numa Pompilius and taken from a kinde of attyre worne vppon their heads on Festiuall dayes yet the office of Flamen Ranulp Higed l. 1. c. 24. and Pontifex and Archflamen and summus Pontifex was allwayes the same among the Pagans 3. The Institution of the third Archflamen at Caerlegion vppon vske was of later time as also the Foundation of that Citie first builded by Belinus as the Brittish Historie Galfridus Virunnius Matthew Westm Ranulph Higeden Caxton Harding Stowe Hollinshed and to write in his words most parte of Holinshed Hist Engl. lâ—b 3. cap. 4. Galfr. Mon. l. 3. Hâ—st c. 10. Vâ—run l. 3. Matth. West aetat 5. Ranulpâ— Higeden l. 1. c. 48 all our writers haue deliuered Galfridus calleth this Citie Kaerose Virunnius nameth it Caerusc the Monke of Westm Kaerusc Higeden termeth it Caerhuth And such nake it kept vntill the comming of the Romans hither when of their Legions wintring there it was named Caerlegion as also Chester was as the same Ranulphus which liued and wrote his Historie there with others witnesseth And this Caerusc was the Metropolis of those parts And as diuers of the Authours testifie Belinus seated an Archflamen there as he also confirmed the Archflamens of London and Yorke Thus among Harding Cron. f. 29. c. 33. others Harding relateth Three Archflamens he made through all Britaine As Archbishops now in our Lawes bene There Temples all to gouerne and domaine At Troynouant one Logres to ouersene Her fals Gods to serue and to queme At Ebranke an other for Albany And at Caerleon for Cambre one soueranly So hath Stowe with others And their generall agreement is that these Stowe Hist in Belâ—n were the cheife most renowned and Metropolitan Cities in Britaine which being so amply proued and so many consenting that there were Archflamens in them all so long before the coÌ„ming of Christ lesse Authoritie then we haue for this matter might serue vs to coÌ„fesse that seeing at the abolishing of these Pagan Rulers and Rites they ought to be and were changed into so many Archbishops or Metropolitans in Christian Religion And this is so euident a truth in Histories that the Protestant Bishop himselfe which before with one onely opposed against Archflamens freely confesseth that at this time Archbishops were placed in those three Cities in Britaine and in them onely where so many haue testified and shall testifie further hereafter these Archflamens were resident Thus he writeth At what time Christian Godwin Cat. of Bishops in London 1. p. 181. edit an 1615. Râ—â—â—gion 〈◊〉 first publiâ—ly receaued in this Island there were established in the same 28. Sees or Cathearâ—â—i Churches whereof three were Archbishopricks Yorke whose Prouince was Scotland and the North of England Caerlegion now called Carlcon vpon vsk to which the Churches of Wales where subiect and lastly London that had Iurisdiction ouer the rest of England 4. Therefore this which is the cheifest matter in this busines being thus granted by all and the other so sufficiently proued I will onely add to the former for the more euidency hereof the testimonie of some few others such as eyther were before the time of Geffery of MoÌ„mouth the Translatour of the Brittish History or tooke their notice from other Authours then that History Ranulphus Higeden in his Manuscript History citeh Alfridus Beuerlacensis who by a Protestant Bishop wrote an excellent History from the beginning of the Britans and coming of Brute hither to his owne time in the Reigne of King William the Bastard allmost 100. yeares before Geffery of Monmouth could write Ab origine Britannorum ad suam aetatem vsque contexuit Historiam Io. Bal. l. de Scrip. cent 2. in Alfrid Beueâ—lacen Alfâ—idus Beuerl apud Ranulph â—â—geden l. 1. c. 52 de Episcopâ—tâ—b in lâ—bro Manusc perpulchram And writeth as Ranulphus citeth him that in the time of Lucius the first Christian
Simenorum Venta Icenorum and Verolamium where S. Albons standeth was famous euen with the Pagan writer Cornelius Tacitus and Ptolomaeus So was Barwicke which Ptolomy nameth Tuesis of the Ryuer thereby passing diuiding England and Scotland Hector Boethius saith that Corinimum which now we call Shrewsbury was in auncient time a most famous Towne oppidum olim celebratissimum And at the comming of S. Augustine hither besides their Archbishop there were seuen other Bishops of seuerall Sees and Cities in that Iurisdiction of which scarcely any one in probable Iudgment is before recited 4. Therefore to trauaile no further in this enquiry we haue found more then a sufficient number of old Brittish Cities to setle 3. Archbishops and 28. Bishops in and yet not carry any of them into Scotland but onely where King Lucius and the Romans ruled Now I will endeuour particularly to The Episcopall Sees and Cities in particular in that Age. finde out the seuerall Cities and Sees of all many or most of them A late writer in a Manuscript Historie neuer yet printed thus recounteth them Winchester Glocester Cilicester Worcester Chechester Bangor Hereford Cardiffe Landaffe Morgan Alclud Canterbury Godmanchester in Huntington Haâ—â—is Manusc Tom. 2. in Lucius shiere where S. Machutus was Bishop about the yeare of our Lord 550. for the rest except the three Archbishop Sees London Yorke and Caerlegion he confesseth ignorance where they were A Protestant Historian William Harrison in his Description of England hath vsed some more diligence in this busines And thus proceedeth herein in old time we reade that there were eight William Harrison description of England c. 13. of Cities and Townes and twenty Flamins and Archflamins in the South part of this Isle and so many greate Cyties vnder their Iurisdiction Then to shew where they were and where Archbishops and Bishops succeeded them he addeth If any man be desirous to knowe the names of those auncient Cyties that stood in the time of the Romans he shall haue them heare at hand in such wise as I haue gathered them out of our writers obseruing euen their manner of writing of them so neare as to mee is possible without alteration of any corruption crept vp into the same Then he setteth downe the names of these auncient Cyties in this order Lundon Yorke Canterbury Colchester Lincoln warwicke aunciently called Cair Guttelin Cair Line or Cair Leon Cair Gwair Cair vmber Cair Gwaerton Chester or Cair Legion vpon Vsk Carleill S. Albons aunciently named Cair Maricipit Cair Municip verolamium Verlamcester and Cair watteling of the street whereon it stood Winchester Cisceter Silcester Bath Shastesbury worcester Chichester Bristow Rochester Portchester Cair Marden Glocester Leircester Cambridge formerly stiled Grantabric Cair Graunt After these 23. he addeth Cair vrnach peraduenture Burgh castle Cair Cucurat Cair Draiton now a slender villidge Cair Celemon Cair Megnaid pleading Ignorance of the fiue last places as likewise Cair Dorman of which I haue spoken before and Alcluid of which more hereafter But seeing both Britans and Saxons Catholiks and Protestants before haue agreed vpon these Cities and the diuision of this Iland into Loegria Albania and Cambria wales and that in England or Loegria alone there were so many Cities in the Britans time as are remembred onely two of them Cair Leon vpon vsc and Cair Merthen to be found in wales except we will place Cair Guorchigirn there we may not depriue the Archbishop there of his Suffragan Bishops nor that auncient Countrye of the old Cities but say these fiue not to be found in any part of Loegria by any Authour were Cities of wales howsoeuer their names vpon many accidents be changed since Nennius time and diuers of them were Episcopall Sees allthough Cair Draiton bewraieth itselfe to be no older then the Saxons Languadge heare and so could not be a Bishops See in the Reigne of King Lucius For most of the rest the onely Argument of this Protestant Authour finding them called by diuers old Brittish names if we had no other giueth them probable title to that Honour 5. But I shall help him with more both reasons and Authoritie herein Harding c. 25. 26. 27. Harding Cron. c. 23. 24. Stowe and Howes Hist in Bladud Leir Harris Hist Galfr. l. 2. Virun l 2. Annal. Wintomen Manuscr Godwin Catal. of Bishops Winchester 1. For the auncient Cities of Canterbury winchester Shastesbury Leircester Bathe Carlile and Alcliud We haue both Brittish and Saxon Catholike and Protestant Antiquaries affirming they were the auncient Residences of Flamens and so must by that is said before needs be Bishops Sees in this time And to exemplifie in some of them the old Manuscript Antiquitie of Winchester saith King Lucius builded there a Cathedrall Church Lucius Rex fundauit Ecclesiam Wintoniensem dedicating it to our Sauiour which a Protestant Bishop thus also writeth from the same or like Antiquitie The Cathedrall Church of Winchester according to a report that I finde in an old Manuscript was first build and erected by King Lucius Seeing then a Cathedrall Church and a Bishop are knit together we must needs acknowledg there was then a Bishop there And to speake in this mans and his Authours words This Church was hallowed and dedicated October 29. 189. by Faganus and Damianus Bishops And he proueth from the same Antiquitie that in the yeare 309. one Constans was Bishop there And in S. Dubricius time by the Brittish History Diuuanius was Hist Brit. l. 9. c. 15 l. 8. c. 17. Harding Chron. c. 76. f. 67. the Bishop of that place Episcopatus Guintoniae Diâ—uanio decernitur And concerning the Bishoprike of Alcliud it was then giuen to one named Eledanius Pontificalis Infula Alclud Eledanio decernitâ—r Elednore by Harding was Bishop there Which proueth it was a Bishiprock froÌ„ the beginning no change Harding Chro. c. 24. f. 21. Abbreuiatio Chron. inter an 170. 180. in Lucio of Sees being before this time For Canterbury it was first a Flamens seate And the old Manuscript History Abbreuiatio Chronicorum saith in this time and setling Bishops in King Lucius Reigne that the old Church of S. Martin which liued in the Apostles time was builded Tunc constructa est extra Cantuariam Ecclesia sancti Martini and to notifie that he ment thereby a Cathedral and Episcopall Church he addeth this when he speaketh of changing Historia RoffeÌ„n Manuscr Lambert PeraÌ„b of Kent p. 113. Flamens into Bishops And all Histories testifie that the holy Bishop Lethardus which came hither with Queene Bertha before S. Augustins time vsed it as his Episcopall See And Canterbury besides the Archbishop had an other Bishop in that Church of S. Martin diuers hundreds of yeares and Harding Chro. c. 23. Harding sup c. 30. f. 24. Stowe Hist Britan. in Morg. and Cunedag Lel. com Brit. antiq v. Manditi Castr Cap. in Catal. in S. Kebio Meloro Vrsula Gul. Malm. l. 1. de Regib c. 6.
Praeterea triginta millia Syluestrium ferarum cuiuscunque generis collectarum They sacrificed there at Trinouantum Lōdon forty thousand kyne a hundred thousand sheepe and foules of all sortes which could hardly be numbred and thirtie thousād wilde beasts of euery kinde which they had gathered together And Pōticus Virunnius hath the very same words in all things except in the first Ponticus Virun Hist l. 4. number which he much abateth vndecim millia vaccarum This for thankes to their pretended Gods for the repulse the Britans had then giuen to Iulius Caesar Of the Ritches reuenewes state and Pompe of the Pagan cheife Druids Flamens and Archflamens I haue spoken somewhat before therefore all this welth and substance and with so ample addition now conuerted by King Lucius to the vse of the Christian Clergie as we must needs yeeld him the remembred Titles so he employing them and so lardge immunities to Manuscr Gallic antiq ann 180. Antiq. Glascon Manuscr Capgr in S. Ioseph S. Patricio such a Clergie as builded and dedicated Churches and prayed vnto Saints and for the deade said Masse and gaue such Supreamacie to Pope Eleutherius we may not say he was of the Protestant Profession which hath taken all from that holy Religion and left nothing but Persecution and Oppression vnto it 3. How in this time all the cheife Temples in all the Cities of Britaine together with their Reuencwes were turned into the Sees of Archbishops and Bishops is before related and in diuers of those Cities new Cathedrall Churches founded and erected as I haue exemplified before in Winchester Landaffe S. Martins Church in Canterburie and S. Peters in Cornhill in London Manuscript in S. Peters Church in Cornhill in London for which the auncient Manuscript there still or lately hanging with diuers other Antiquities thus pleadeth Lucius the first Christian King of this Land then called Britaine founded the first Church in London that is to say S. Peters S. Peter◠Church in Cornhill in Lōdon a Metropolitan See Church vpon Cornhill and he founded there an Archbishops See and made that Church the Metropolitan and cheife Church of this kingdome and so endured the space of 400. yeares and more vnto the comming of S. Augustine the Apostle of England the which was sent to this Land by S. Gregory the Doctour then was the Arbishops See and Pall remoued from the foresaid Church of S. Peter vpon Cornhill vnto Dereberman that now is called Canterbury and there it remayneth to this day Hollinsh Hist of Engl. l. 4. cap. 19. Hollinshed writeth that there were in his time Tables hanging in the Reuestry of S. Paules Church in London which affirme the same An other Protestant citing the first cited Table in S. Peters Church vpon Cornhill and inclining to that opinion and addeth Iocelyn of Furnes in his booke of Brittish Stowe Histor Romans in K. Lucius Bishops saith Thean was the first Archbishop of London in the time of Lucius who builded the said Church of S. Peter in a place called Cornhill in London by the ayde of Cyran cheife Butlar to King Lucius Godwin a Protestant Godwin Catal. of Bish. in London 1. Polid. Virgil. Angl. Histor l. 2. p. 41. Richard Vitus in Hist l. 5. Holins Hist of Engl. l. 4. cap. 19. Will. Harrison descr of Brit. p. 24. c. 9. Sulcar apud Vit. supr Selden Annal c. 6. Bishop hath allmost the same words though not citing any Authour in particular Others both Catholiks and Protestants affirme that the Church of S. Peter at westminster by London was then founded and vsed for the Cathedrall Church as some write There be that affirme saith a Protestant Historian how this Lucius should build the Church of S. Peter at Westminster They add further that Thomas likely Theonus mistaken Archbishop of London preached read and ministred the Sacraments there to such as made resort vnto him And of this opinion that this Church was then made or reedified for that I haue written before is Sulcardus a learned Monke of Westminster most likely to write the truth of that Church liuing in the time of S. Edward the Confessour and that it was the Cathedrall Church to London Both which may be true if we make the old Church of Westminster the Cathedrall Church vntill the other was builded not finished in the first Arbishops How it is probable that both S. Peters Church Westminster and in Cornhill were Archiepiscopall Churches in this time time but by his Successour Eluanus who builded the Library likely some part of S. Peters Church vpon Cornhill William Harrison a Protestant Antiquarie borne as he saith in London and so chalendging knowledge of the Antiquities there proueth this by sondry reasons and citeth William of Malmesbury for the same opinion And Polidor Virgil with many others saith the Cathedrall Church in London was then Templum ornatu opere magnificum a Church magnificent both for ornament and worke Which Stowe supr frō others Will. Harrison supr c. ◠Gildas l. de Excid conq Brit. we doe not finde of S. Peters Church vpon Cornhill 4. And the same Authour witnesseth that the like magnificent Churches were then founded at Yorke and Car-legion Londini Eboraci in vrbe Legionum templa ornatu opere magnifica condita sunt And much like vnto this we must speake of all Churches in Cities that were Episcopall and Cathedrall whether they were new founded or of Temples of Flamens conuerted to be such as also of all other Pagan Temples which then were changed into Christian Churches For allthough all those temples were not destroyed and vtterly ruinated but newly dedicated to Christ and his Saints as our Antiquaries haue proued before yet the superstitious and Idolatrous Altars where vpon their prophane and adhominable sacrifices were offered in them to their false Gods were vtterly ouerthrowne and left desolate and as S. Gildas the most auncient Brittish Historian with others testifie Christian Altars which were the place of Christian Sacrifice of the holy Masse wherein Christs holy body and blood were offered and therefore termed by him the Polidor Virgil. l. 2. Hist p. 41. seate of the heauenly sacrifice sedes caelestis sacrificij and the Altars whereon their first Primatiue Preists offered that most diuine Sacrifice which we commonly call Masse Sacerdotes inter altaria Sacrificantes and in respect thereof Galfr. Mon. Hist Brit. lib. 11. cap. 4. Gildas supr Stowe Hist an 542. Holinsh. Hist of Engl. l. 5. c. 15. Mat. West an 543. the cheifest of the immunities before remembred were granted to those sacred Altars in all Churches in this kingdome of Britaine from King Lucius time And the ordinary Churches which were vnder the Iurisdiction of so many Bishops in so lardge a kingdome could not be few especially if we consider the multitude of Gods the Britans worshipped when they were Pagans and the greate number of Temples
this Institution and Confirmation many hundreds of yeares by all Antiquities The exception which some may make by finding Britaine diuided into fiue Prouinces I haue fully answeared before and our cheife Protestants namely Doctour George Abbots Archbishop of Canterbury and such others as directed and assisted Maister Francis Mason in the Booke intituled Crosses and Christian Images then certaine tokens of Christians Of the Consecration of the Bishops of the Church of England he their Scribe will thus secondemee therein The Romans before this time of King Lucius his receauing the faith had diuided Britaine into three Prouinces one of theÌ„ was called Maxima Caesariensis the Metropolis whereof was Yorke An other Britannia prima the Metropolis whereof was London the third Britannia secunda the Metropolis whereof was CaerlegioÌ„ And prouing besides so many Authorities before cited by Asserius Meneuensis Schoolmester to King Alfred Ptolomaeus LuceÌ„sis William Reade Ihon LelaÌ„d that the Archbishops of this IlaÌ„d were onely seated in those three MetropolitaÌ„ Cities LondoÌ„ Yorke Caerlogion according to that diuisioÌ„ of Prouinces heare to cleare the obiectioÌ„ thus they had further in this busines Although Britaine was after the Nicen Councell diuided into fiue Prouinces Valentia and Flauia CaesarieÌ„sis being added to the former yet there were no new Archbishops erected The reason whereof was because those two new Prouinces were taken out of the former and consequently could not haue Bishopriks without the diminishing of the Authoritie of the former in whose Iurisdiction originally they were which was not sufferable because it was against the Canon of the Nicen Councell decreeing that in Antioch and in other Prouinces the dignitie prerogatiues and Authorities of Churches should be mainetained Hitherto these Protestant writers 4. And to leaue it without question that this placing both of Archbishops and Bishops also at this time in Britaine was both warranted and confirmed by this highest spirituall Papall Power and Prerogatiue in Pope Eleutherius among so many hundreds of Archbishops and Bishops as haue bene in Britaine as it conprehendeth England Wales and Scotland no Historie mentioneth no Antiquarie can proue that from this time of King Lucius vntill the Reuolt of King Henry 8. from the Church of Rome any one Archbishoprik or Bishoprik was eyther founded translated vnited diminished or any wise changed but it was eyther first done or afterward confirmed or made frustrate by this greate Apostolike and Papall Power of the Roman See I neede not the Assistance of Catholike Antiquities herein our Protestant Bishops and Antiquaries which haue written of this subiect of Bishops and their Sees Gul. Malmesb l. de Ant. Caenob Glaston doe leaue and cleare it for an euident truth And because such an including proposition without confession in particular would cost my Readers some labour to examine it let them take for pregnant witnesses hereof the two greate Flatterers of King Henry 8 Matthew Parker the first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury a man of all Religions with that King his sonne King Edward The Popes Legats con inue diuers at Glastenbury renew and setle reâ—igious meÌ„ there in place of the first of S. Ioseph his company and Queene Elizabeth and Polidor Virgill a time Pleaser and Seruant thereof The first speaking of King Henry 8. his Lawes against the Popes Authoritie and the time of the Saxons saith that by them then made the Popes Power which had euer vntill then continued in England and was thought vnsuperable was ouerthrowne his legibus potentia Papalis quae nongentis amplius annis in Anglia durauit insuperabilis visa est concidit The other writeth then a liuing witnes that the supreamacie taken from the Pope and giuen to the King was a thing neuer heard of in any time before Habetur Concilium Londini in quo Ecclesia Anglicana formam potestatis nullis ante temporibus visum induit Henricus enim Rex Caput ipsius Ecclesiae constituitur By which also as in a glasse by a truely representing species we may behold that it neyther was nor could be any other then the Pope of Rome onely clayming and exercising such spirituall Power heare in those times which did or could giue a full and finall confirmation to those Vniuersities or Schooles and Religeous houses of Britaine with the Rule and Order they followed and professed in these daies 5. Yet we are not alltogether destitute of Instances in particular of such Honorius Papa 1. in Bulla Vniuersitati Canta-Cantabr coÌ„cess ann 624. 20. die Februarij apud Io. Caium l. 1. de antiq Cantabr Academ p. 75. 76 77. confirmation For Schooles or Vniuersities the Antiquaries of Cambridge produce the auncient Bull of Pope Honorius the first 1000. yeares since coÌ„firming that Vniuersitie and priuiledges thereof and in the same affirming that his Predecessours Pope Eleutherius in whose time we are Fabianus Leo Simplicius Foelix and Bonifacius gaue the like confirmation and exemption vnto it Praedecessorum nostrorum Romanae Ecclesiae Pontificum Eleutherij Fabiani Leonis Simplicij Faelicis Bonifacij vestigijs debitè inhaerentes authoritate omnipotentis Dei districtiùs inhibemus sub paena excommunicationis ne quis Archiepiscopus aut eorum officiales c. Where it is said that these Popes gaue these priuiledges against all parsoÌ„s by the Authoritie of God For the Schoole of GlamorgaÌ„ we haue the like testimonie that the Pope gaue the cheife charge thereof to S. Iltutus renowned both for his learning and piety as also his most worthie Schollers and their greate number in which were both Gaules and Britans in whome S. Sampson S. Paulinus S. Dauid S. Gildas Magistralis Charta MerchiaÌ„ni Regis l. Sanct. Wall Caius sup p. 147. Capgr Catal. in S. Ilâ—uâ—o Abbate Confessore Io. Bal. l. de Script Britan. cent 1. in Elchuto Morgan Manuscr Antiq. Mona sterij S. Aug. Cantuariae tibi cura concessa est à Pontisice as King Merchiannus testifieth in his Charter of priuiledge vnto him and that his Schoole or Vniuersitie For our Monasteries and Religeous houses then that they were confirmed and priuiledged by this holy Pope I shall more fully shew when I come to these Legats returne and visiting Glastenbury bringing with them a confirmation Immunities and Indulgences from S. Eleutherius to that most auncient and Religious Monastery with an approbation of the holy Rule and Order which there and in all Britaine after many hundreds of yeares was kept and followed In the meane time he that will but behold if he may the old Manuscript of S. Augustins in Canterbury shall there see aboue 100. particular Bulls of Popes confirming the liberties and Immunities of that house He may reade in the first Protestantically made Archbishop there that as I haue proued and shall proue of our Britans how all their Archbishops had their ordination Power and Authoritie from the Popes of Rome so amoÌ„g the Saxons Matth. Parker Antiq. Brit. vntill he first
Annal. Treuer Sigeb Chron. alij her loue to that Citie and in respect of learning then there florishing as in the Metropolis of those parts she had part of her education and instruction in so greate learning there this will rather confirme that she was then actually an holy Christian For this Noble Citie receauing the faith of Christ by S. Maternus and his Associats Disciples of S. Peter the Apostle sent thither by him had euer since faithfully continued therein so generally and constantly that about the yeare of Crist 288. when that bloody Tyrant Maximianus Herculius Galerius which forced Constantius to putt away his true wife S. Helen to take the prophane Strumpett Theodora his daughter or daughter in Lawe by his Prefect Rixiouarus persecuted the Christians in those parts all the Inhabitans of Treuers were founde to be Christians and Pamachius Gouernour of the Citie being also a Christian with 11. Senatours thereof so encouraged them in their holy faith that all the Citizens men women and children not one excepted were putt to death for that glorious cause Haec vrbs à D. Materno ac eius socijs lege Christianâ imbuta est inde tempore Maximiani Tyranni qui fuit anno Domini 288. agente truculentissimo Rixiouaro Petrus Merssaeus Catal. Archiep. Treu. in encom eiusdem Francis Irenicus ib. Ro. Martyrol die 5. 6. Octobr. Sigebert in Chron. An. 1071. Tabul Eccles Treuer Petr. Merssaeus in Annal. Archie Treuer in ValeÌ„tino Praefecto tota ob Catholicam fidem interempta est Tum vrbis Gubernator ac Princeps fuit in clitus Pamachius Senator Pius qui ob Cristi Religionem cum vndecim Senatoribus ac totâ Ciuitate interfectus est Hij enim optimi viri ciuitatem illam ad Christi Religionem ita animauerant vt pro eâ constanter occumbere non dubitarent hic nulli aetati nulli sexui parcitum sed omnes ad vnum interempti The Roman Martyrologe and Sigebertus call that Christian Gouernour of Treuers and Martyr Palmatius and not Pamachius nor Palmachius And this opinion is more strengthned by the greate Religeous loue of S. Helen to that Citie after this desolation there procuring S. Agritius Patriarke of Antioche a man of admirable holines and learning to come forth of the East to be Archbishop there with allowance of S. Siluester then Pope of Rome enritching him and that Citie with most pretious Reliks the Seamelesse Coate of our Sauiour one of the Nayles wherewith he was fixed to the Crosse the Knife he vsed at his last Supper a greate parcell of the holy Crosse the body of S. Annal. Archiep. Treuer in S. Agritio 27. Matthias the Apostle and others causing her Pallace to be conuerted and dedicated a Church in honour of S. Peter The old Christian Writers and Inscriptions which before call her euen from the time of her Marriadge with Constantius and before sancta pijssima holy most Godly and the like will not be iustified in a Christians mouth penne or pencell except such esteemed her then a Christian for no other can by Christians be stiled and honoured with those Titles Neyther may we with prudence conceaue that King Coel at her Marriadge with Constantius hauing possession of or Title vnto Britaine a Christian kingdome nor the Religeous Christian Archbishops Prelates and Nobles thereof then at freedome in Religion would haue condiscended to such a match if neither Constantius nor she had bene a Christian that had not bene the way to procure to themselues peace and freedome which they sought but hazard of new trobles Tumults and PersecutioÌ„ which they thereby hoped to auoide Experience gaue a good Argument hereof to the Christians of this Nation for so long as this holy Lady and Queene was permitted to continue with her Husband the State of Christianitie was quiet heare and the persecuting Emperours Dioclesian and Maximian could compasse nothing against it in this kingdome but when they had forced Constantius to forsake her and take a Pagan in her place she herselfe was persecuted her Christian children bannished and that generall affliction and desolation of Religion ensued in this Nation that no semblance of the like is left in Histories to Posteritie The Christian Antiquities of Aquitaine will giue new strength to this in these their owne words Because Constantius was enforced to take Theodora daughter of Herculius he putt Queene Helen away who patiently Antiq. Aquitan apud Bouchet in Annal. c. 5. bore the Iniury and liued in merueilous holines separated from all worldly curiosities and Royall honours by the space of 17. or 18. yeares Such holines and merueilous holines no Christian may or will asscribe to any but true Christians among whome onely such holines is to be founde and with no others Besides our learned Antiquarie Ioannes Capgrauius doth freely confesse that before she was marryed to Constantius she was instructed and taught in the Christian Catholike faith in fide Catholicâ instructa atque edocta and liued Io. Capgr Catal. in S. Helena Christian like repraesentabat in suâ conuersatione gloriosa sacri Baptismatis mysteria And was a greate means to bring her Sonne Constantine to be a Christian he saith further of her that she was a most holy woman a most firme bulwarke or foundation of Christian Religion by her Husband an Empresse by her Father a Queene Helena sanctissima faemina Christianae Religionis Euseb de Vita Constant l. 3. c. 42. basis firmissima ex marito Imperatrix ex patre Regina Eusebius saith that Helen the Empresse was an holy Mother of the holy Emperour Helena Augusta pij Imperatoris pia mater And addeth further that through all her life she brought forth those true fruites of pietie which the Precepts of our Sauiour prescribe and this both in words and deeds In omnium bonorum affluentia omne vitae suae tempus ad extremam vsque senectutem obijsset Et tum verbis tum rebus ipsis veros pietatis fructus quos Praecepta Seruatoris praescribunt extulisset Therefore if all her life both in word and deed she liued as Christ commanded by the testimony of this old Authour well acquainted with her and her Sonne both he and all that will receaue him for an able witnesse must confesse she was a Christian all her life for no other doth or can keepe the Precepts of Christ in word and deed all their life And whereas the greatest Caesar Baron Annal. An. 315. Sponcâ—n â—b Seuer Bin. Tom. 1. Concil in Ann. in Concil Rom. sub Syluestâ—o obiection against this hath bene vrged by some out of the Acts which some would haâ—e S. Siluesters where it is said that S. Siluester baptized S. Helen the best Roman Writers themselues Baronius Spondanus Seuerinus Binius and others proue them to be erroneous euen in these particular respects concerning this matter in teaching Constantine was a Christian before Helena And that she was borne in Bithynia
in body and soule he was not onely greate with a particular King but a greate and the greatest King and Emperour and so stiled Constantinus Magnus and Maximus that euer was in the worlde He did not onely bringe temporall safety and quiet to one kingdome and Nation but both temporall and spirituall happines and saluation to the whole Empire and to all kingdomes 2. Constantine being troubled with this Infirmitie if I may call that so which S. Augustine saith is a defect of colour and not of health or integrity of senses and members coloris quippe vitium est non valetudinis out Integritatis sensuum atque membrorum and seeking remedy yet finding none among his Aug. Quaest Euangel l. 1. c. 40. bodily Phisitians the Pagan Flamens aduised him to make a Bathe in the Capitole and therin washe his body with the warne blood of Infants Plyny Edictum Constantini Tom 1. Concil Act. Syluestri Papae Plin. l. 26. c. 1. Adrianus 1. Epist ad Constant Iren Simeon Metaphrast in Vita S. Syluestri Zonaras in Const Menol. Graecor Kalend. Ianuar. Gregor Turon and others writing that this greife hath bene so healed which to effect these Idolatrous GeÌ„tils prepared a greate nuÌ„ber of such childreÌ„ inteÌ„ding to kill theÌ„ and fill the Bathe with their blood which when Constantine considered and beheld the teares lamentations of the Mothers for their children he abhorred so great crueltie and wickednes causing the childreÌ„ to be restored to their Mothers with rewardes and meanes to carry them to their dwelling places In the night following the holy Apostles S. Peter and S. Paul doe appeare and say thus vnto him O Emperour because thow hast detested to shedd the blood of InnoceÌ„ts we ar sent vnto thee by Christ to teach thee meanes to recouer thy health Send for Bishop Syluester and he will prouide an holy Bath in which he will baptize thee and thou shalt be cured froÌ„ thy Leprosie and all diseases Which Constantine presently performed sending for S. Siluester who shewed there vnto him the Picturs of The apparition of S. Peter and Saint Paul to Constantine S. Peter and S. Paule which when the Emperour diligently beholded he openly before his Nobilitie confessed that these were they which appeared vnto him and being perfectly instructed by S. Syluester was baptized by him and Miraculously cleansed froÌ„ his Leprosie an hand from heauen as he himselfe did see and testifie touching him And when he was thus wonderfully cured and Christned S. Syluester ministred the The Images of the Apostles then reuerently vsed by Christians holy Sacrament of Confirmation vnto him anoynting and signing his forehead with sacred Chrisme as the Roman Church now vseth Benedicto fonte illic me trina mersione vnda salutis purisicauit positoque me in fontis gremio manum de caelo me contingentem proprijs oculis vidi De qua mundus exurgens ab omni me Leprae squalore mundatum agnoscite lâ—uatoque me de venerabili fonte induto vestibus candidis septiformis The Sacraments of Baptisme and Confirmation how ministred to Constantine with miracle gratiae sancti spiritus consignationem adhibuit beati Chrismatis vnctione vexillum sanctae Crucis in mea fronte liniuit dicens signat te Deus sigillo fidei suae in nomine patris filij spiritus Sancti in consignatione fidei Cunctusque Clerus respondit Amen Et adiecit Praesul pax tibi Simeon Metaphrastes a Greeke Writer saith that at the time of ConstaÌ„tine his Baptisme by S. Syluester a light Sim. Metaphr in Vit. S. Syluestri more bright theÌ„ the sunne did sodainely shine about all the house Lux repente totam domum circumfulsit lucis splendor plusquam sol enituit And the Emperour being baptized his flesh was pure and sound without any hurt or scarr and the water wherewith he was baptized was full of such filth as came from his sores like scales of fishes exijt Imperator ex diuino Lauacro habens carnem puram sanam neque plaga nec vlla apparente cicatrice aqua autem piscinae erat plena ijs quae ex vlceribus exciderant membranis ac pelliculis non secus ac squammis pisciuÌ„ Diuers both Greeke and Latine Writers say that his sonne Crispus was then babtized with him Magnus Constantinus cum Crispo filio Romae à Siluestro baptizatus est 3. These things being of so greate note and consequeÌ„ce in so greate a Prince Theophan Cerameus Chronolog Platina in Mar. and Commander and so concerning all people were not nor could be done in secret The infirmitie of Constantins Leprosie was generally knowne Phisitians had often bene consulted and done their best practise about it the place of the Capitole where the children should by the Pagans haue bene murdered about it was famous the gathering them from many places and Prouinces was knowne of all the open out-cries and lamentations of their Mothers could not be conceled the sending and seeking for S. Siluester were with honour and solemnitie performed so was his entertaiment and conference with the Emperour in presence of his Nobilitie The present conuersion of Constantine therevpon his preparation in penance seuen dayes before his Baptisme this solemnized in the publike Imperiall Palace and in an holy Fonte so curiously prouided as all Hictories agree and so Miraculously curing his corporall disease which no Art of man could heale made this Conuersion of Constantine renownedly knowne and manifest vnto all To the Christians for their vnspeakeable Ioy and comfort to the Iewes and Pagans to the shame and confusion of their obstinacy and saluation of many of them conuerted by this meanes 4. And Constantine himselfe did not onely send his Imperiall Edicts into all Euseb l. 2. de Vita Constant cap. 47. seq Bar. An. 324. Acts S. Syluestri Nicephor lib. 7. c. 34. Countryes both East and West for embracing Christian Religion but made his publike persuading OratioÌ„s to that purpose as namely in the opeÌ„ Church to the Senate and people of Rome in Basilica vlpia Wherevpon as Nicephorus a Gretian writeth in the onely Citie of Rome there were conuerted and baptized aboue twelue thowsande men besides women and younger people in the same yeare Egbertus from old Antiquities sicut antiqua nobis scripta commemorant seemeth to deliuer that all the Senators were then conuerted to Christ for he plainely saith that Constantine gaue the honour of the Senate of Rome to the Christian Clergie thereof and he withall the Senators departed from thence to Bizantium Totius Senatus honorem Clero qui cum ipso S. Siluestro Eckbertus Abb. Flor. Serm. 3. de Incremento manisestat Cath. fidei erat tradidit ipse cum Senatoribus omnibus de vrbe egrediens Bizantium transmigrauit 5. Therefore a wonder it is how some Greeke Writers which I haue remembred before should or could pleade ignorance of so concerning and memorable a thing so
intermedium occupant De Italia enim superuacaneum est dicere Aiunt enim Romae quae est longè maxima eum fuisse adeo omnium sermone celebratum vt in officinarum omnibus vestibulis Porticibus ei paruas posuerint Imagines hinc sibi praesidium tutelam parantes Cum ergo venirent innumerabiles conabantur omnes contrectare ex pelliceis illis vestibus aliquam percipere benedictionem Where we see yet the Religion deuotiō not of Manuscr Antiq. Capgr in Vit. S. Cadoci Episcopi Martyris a few but many Britans then multi Britanni to goe so farre on Pilgrimage to holy parsons places and Reliks among those our glorious Monke Abbot Bishop and Martyr S. Cadocus went thrise on Pilgrimage to Hierusalem seuen times to Rome and to these Reliks of S. Andrew in Scotland staying preaching there seuen yeares as is also before remembred THE XXVII CHAPTER OF MANY RENOWNED ARCHBISHOPS OF all our Archiepiscopall Sees heare many other learned and holy Bishops and Apostolike men heare in this time and their Religion the Catholike Religion 1. WE reade in this time there was a learned Bishop or as Trithemius stileth him Archbishop of the Scots called Hildebertus Tutor and Instructor of that renowned learned Father of this Nation Caelius Sedulius Sedulius Hildeberti Scotorum Archiepiscopi ab ineunte aetate Discipulus Io. Trithem l. de Script Eccl. in Sedulio Ioa. Bal. lib. de Scrit Britan. in Caelio Sedulio Others giue him onely the Title a very learned Bishop of the Scots Hildebertus eruditus Scotorum Praesul But if we vnderstand this in that common sence and meaning as Bishops and Archbishops of places are taken and vnderstood that Hildebertus should be Archbishop of any See or Citie among the Scots sainct Palladius being by all Antiquities set downe to be their first Archbishop excepting the Archbishops Hildebertus the learned Tutor of Caelius Sedulus probably Archbishop of Yorke of Yorke and he sent by Papall and extraordinary Authoritie as Apostle to that Nation I dare not ioyne with them further in opiniō herein then say he was in this Age one of our Archbishops of Yorke and by that right Title Archbishop of all Scots or whatsoeuer Christian people in the North parts and Ilands of this kingdome Britaine vnder that Archiepiscopall Iurisdiction by Pope Eleutherius first order and Institution 2. Which I may further confirme by the authoritie of all them which call him Archbishop of the Scots they also teaching that he was Instructor of Author apud Bellarm. lib. de Script in Sedul Io. Trithem in Caelio Sedul Bal. in eod cent 1. Iodoc. Cocc in Catal. Scriptor Sedulius in his yoūger yeares à tenera aetate and those that write of Sedulius the time wherein he florished and died some place his deth vnder Cōstantius sonne to Constantin the Greate some in the 430. yeare of Christ others in the yeare 460. by none of these Accompts could Hildebertus be otherwise called Archbishop of the Scots then in that meaning I haue deliuered At the time of the first accompt the Scots were not in this kingdome as I haue made manifest before and before Hildebertus could be Tutor to Sedulius by either of the later reckonings the Scots were probably driuen out of Britaine by Maximus about the yeare 379. when Sedulius being long time Scholler to this Bishop must needs be old in the 430. of Christ and much older neare an hundred yeares old if he liued vnto the yeare 460. yet he is not by any Writer noted for an old man We cannot say that this Hildebertus was Archbishop of the Scots in Ireland for although diuers hold that diuers of the Scotish Irish had receaued the faith of Christ before saint Palladius or S. Patrike were sent vnto that Nation by Pope Celestine yet it is made plaine by the old Writer of the life of sainct Modwenna and others that at the comming of sainct Patrike thither the Irish people there were eyther Pagans for the most part or not well instructed in Christiā Religiō gentes illae partim Paganicis erroribus M. S. Antiq. de vit S. Modeuen Virg. Capgrau Catal. in eadem inuolutae partim fidem nondum plenè intelligebant Which could not be probably truely said of any Nation hauing so learned an Archbishop as Hildebertus is proued to haue bene with other Bishops Preists and Cleargie men as that greate dignitie inferreth and bringeth with it And the Antiquaries not onely of this but other Nations agree that sainct Palladius was the first Archbishop or rather Bishop that was euer sent into Ireland in the time of Pope Io. Trithem l. de Script Eccl. fol. 26. in Pallado Celestine and by him long after this Age Palladius Britannorum seu Scotorum Insulae Hiberniensis à Caelestino Papa primus ordinatus Episcopus Where Trithemius calleth him the first Bishop no Archbishop of that people yet he confesseth that sainct Patrike was immediatly after by the same Pope made Archbishop there Post quem sanctus Patricius genere Brittus à sancto Caelestino Papa consecratus in Archiepiscopum Hiberniensem 3. I doe not find the names of any others either certainely or probably remenbred in Histories to haue bene Archbishops of Yorke in this Age except Archbishops of London in this time Taurinus spoaken of before did in the beginning thereof supply that place of dignitie there The names of the Archbishops of Londō haue bene better preserued amōg which in this Cētenary of yeares we finde first S. Stephē commonly Will Harrison descript of Engl. Stowe Hist in Lucius Godwin Catal. of Bishop London Harris Hist Manuscr l. 4. cap. 7. by our Protestant Antiquaries accounpted the seuenth Archbishop there to which some Catholike Historians as M. Harris in his Manuscript History seemeth to agree But seeing I haue proued S. Augulus our holy Archbishop Martyr whom they passe ouer to haue bene Archbishop there ioyning with Theanus Eluanus Cadar Obinus Conā Palladius all which they place reckō before Stephē there be foūd seuen Archbishops there before him and he cannot be the seuenth but the eight in that See Next to Stephē they accoumpt in this Age Iltut or Iltuta after him Restitutus which was at the Councell of Arles spoken of before then Dedwyn Theodwyn Tadwyne Tatwyne or Tacwyne then Thedred Tidred or Theodred An old Manuscr Hist Gallic an 427. Gennad in Catal honor ib. Philip. Berg. Hist Io. Trith l. de Script Eccl. in Fastidio French Manuscript History testifieth that one named Gouncelyn was Archbishop of London about this time And whereas both Gennadius Honorius Philippus Bergomensis Trithemius and other strangers tell vs that Fastidius about this time was a Brittish Bishop very learned a deuoute and worthie both Preacher and Writer and therefore by them registred among the holy Writers of his time Fastidius Episcopus Britannorum in Scripturis sacris eruditus verbi Dei Praedicator
of Antioche 407. 2 Agritius made Archbishop of Treuers by S. Helens intercession ib. Alba in Scotlād a Primats See 178. 6. Alba taken by some to be the Citty now called S. Andrews 178. 6. 187. 2. S. Alban descended from the Romans 367. 3. S. Alban harboureth S. Amphibalus 435. 3. S. Albans Vision to persuade him to turne Christian ib. S. Albans Conuersion and great deuotion 436. 3. S. Alban deliuereth S. Amphibalus from the Persecutors by changing of cloths 437. 4. The rage of the iudge and Pagans against S. Alban 438. 1. S. Albēs reuerēce to the Crucifix ib. S. Albans torturs and longe imprisonment 421. 4. 438. 1. c. The forme of the sentēce pronoūced against S. Alban 444. 3. or 445. 3. S. Albans Persecutors miraculously punished 438. 1. c. Two miracles wrought before S. Albans execution 440. 3. S. Albans Executioner lost his eies 440. 4. The Souldiar who drew S. Alban to execution conuerted 440. 3. S. Alban buried by the same Souldiar 441. 5. A Church erected to saint Alban and when 468. 2. Miracles wroght in the same 469. 2. S. Alban in what sense the first Martyr of Britaine 421. 4. The iudge moued with the miracles performed at saint Albans death caused the Persecution to cease 421. 4. Alcluid Citty founded by King Ebrancus 336. 5. Alectus sent into Britaine with three Legions against Carausius 375. 4. Alectus ouerthrows Carausius and makes himselfe King 375. 4. Alectus continued King for three yeares ib. Alectus persecuted Catholikes not for Religion but for following Carausius ib. Alectus being at Sacrifice in London ouerthrowne flaine 375. 4. S. Alexander the first succeeded Euaristus in the Papacy 195. 1. S. Alexander conuerted to the faith a great part of the Roman Nobility 197. 3. S. Alexander renowned for working S. Alexander Martyred ib. miracles 199. 7. How longe he Ruled the Apostolike See 195. 1. S. Alexanders Decrees in Religiō by our Protestants confession 199. 7. Alexandria the second Episcopall See 187. 2. Alipius emploied by Iulian the Apostata to build Hierusalem for the Iewes 564. 3. Alipius sent into Britaine to resist the inuasion of the Picts ib. Alipius departed out of Britaine before Iulian began his Persecution ib. Alredus Riuallensis his worth learning and pietie 75. 11. Altars to say Masse on erected and vsed 136. 2. 306. 4. 325. 3. 524. 13. Amatus Matthaeus or Amathaeus Archbishop of Caerlegion 598. 9. Ambassadors from Britaine before Christ his berth demande and obtaine peace at Rome 1. 1. These Ambassadors left Noblemen for Pledges ib. The Ambassadors of King Lucius to the Pope what and from whence they were 257. 6. S. Ambrose a worthy Prelate 576. 7. S. Ambrose his māner of dealing with the Emperor Theodosius 575. 7 Ambrosius v. Aurelius America when inhabited by the Monkes of Glastenbury 331. 6. S. Amon and S. Alca S. Mansuetus his associats probably were Christians in Tiberius daies 24. 9. S. Amphibalus a Britan. 335. 4. S. Amphibalus borne at Caerlegion 434. 2. S. Amphibalus knighted at Rome ib. S. Amphibalus conuerted to the faith by S. Zepherine Pope 367. 3. S. Amphibalus consecrated Preist by S. Zepherine 434. 2. S. Amphibalus his pietie and learning 430. 2. S. Amphibalus a Monke and probably Bishop at Caermedin a Monastery in Walles 434. 2. S. Amphibalus flieth into Scotland from the Persecution of Diocletian 429. 1. S. Amphibalus louingly entertained by the Scottish King 430. 2. S. Amphibalus the first Bishop of the Scots in the time of Dioclesians Persecution 335. 4. 430. 2. S. Amphibalus Bishop of Soder in Mona 357. 4. Sainct Amphibalus Religion which he preached vnto the Scots the same that Catholikes now professe 430. 3. S. Amphibalus returns from the Scots into Britaine 433. 1. S. Amphibalus harboured at Verolamium by S. Alban 435. 5. S. Amphibalus preached the faith of Christ to S. Alban ib. S. Amphibalus conuerted a 1000. Pagans 445. 2. All those Martyred one excepted in Walles 446. 3. S. Amphibalus apprehended and brought to Verolamium 447. 2. S. Amphibalus cureth in the way an infirme man ib. S. Amphibalus his cruell martyrdome 448. 2. A 1000. newly conuerted to Christ martyred with him 448. 3. S. Amphibalus miraculous Vision at his martyrdome ib. S. Amphibalus praieth to S. Alban ib. S. Amphibalus his Persecutors and iudge strangly punished by God 449. 4. Amsbury Church Nūnery 389. 4. Amsbury Monasteries antiquity 309. 8. Amsbury Monastery founded by on Ambrius 469. 4. 601. 6 Amsbury Monastery had 300. Religious men at the comming of the Saxons ib. Amsbury Monkes manner of liuing 310. 8. Amsbury Monastery whē destroied and restored 310. 8. 601. 6. S. Anacletus consecrated Preist by S. Peter 186. 1. S. Anacletus S. Clemens Successor in the See of Rome 185. 1. S. Anacletus sent diuers Archbishops and Preists into Britane 191. 6. S. Anacletus martyred and when 192. 1. S. Anacletus ēioyed his See 9. yeares 3. months 10. daies 185. 1. S. Andrew elder brother to S. Peter 587. 1. S. Andrews Reliques translated into Britaine 587. 2. By whose means how and from whence ib. S. Andrews Relikes greatly worshipped in Britaine 588. 3. S. Andrews Towne from whence so called ib. Anglesey Iland the Residence of the most learned Druids 239. 6. or 234 6. S. Anicetus succeeded S. Pius in the Papacy 234. 1. A Protestants error concerning his Papacy ib. The lenght of S. Anacletus Papacy ib. S. Anicetus martyred 235. 1. S. Anicetus his doctrine and Religion 235. 2. S. Antherius Pope 378. 3. S. Antherus Martyred and when ib. S. Antherus ordained that a Bishop should not goe from on Bishoprike to an other without the Popes authority ib. Antioche the third See for eminency in authority and why 187. 2. Antoninus Pius succeeded Adrian in the Empire 200. 1. Antoninus began his Empire in the yeare 138. 198. 4. The lenght of Antoninus Empire 201. 1. Antoninus his loue to Christians and their Religion 202. 3 Antoninus laboured to saue Christians from Persecution in all places ib. Antoninus acknowledged the Christians to worship the true God ib. Antoninus imitats his Father in Law in clemēcy towards Christiās 202. 3. Antoninus incensed against the Britans 219. 1. Antoninus his time of death 205. 7. Apparitions of Saints 98. 10. c. S. Aphrodisius Prefect of Egypt at the entry of our Sauiour 6. 7. S. Aphrodisius sent Bishop by sainct Peter into France 6. 7. Apologies written vnto Adrian the Emperour in defence of Christian Religion 196. 2. The Apostles deuided the world to preach in 39. 5. Archbishops and Bishops placed in Britaine in the place of Archflamens and Flamens 272. 2. A Protestant affirming the contrary confuted 273. 2. Archbishops placed in London Yorke and Caerlegion for the three Archflamens of the same places 274. 3. Archbishops and Bishops placing in Britaine confirmed by Pope Eleutherius 314. 4. or 316. 4. To which of the Archbishops in Britaine the