therein proceeded from that weak impression which the Latin tongue had made amongst them whilst they were under the obedience of that puissant Empire and that the Italian tongue as it is now spoken could not receive so great a change from the barbarous Nations none of which tarried long amongst them but the Goths and Lombards nor they so long the Lombards not at all in the Eastern parts as to be either the occasions or authors of the alteration So that the present language of Italy is a decompound made up especially of Latin and the old Italian some notions of the Lombard being mixt with it in the North and West some of the Gothish in the middest about Rome it self and not a little of the Greek in the East of Naples And as the Language so the Religion of the Countrie hath received some change The Christian Faith was first preached in Rome it self and in Rome first preached by Saint Peter who came thither in or about the beginning of the Empire of Claudius The two Apostles Peter and Paul are generally sayd by the antient Writers to be the first who preached the Gospel in that City A duobus Apostolis Petro Paulo Romae fundata constituta est Ecclesia saith the old Father Irenaeus Lib. 4. cap. 3. To one of these the first preaching of the Gospel there is to be referred both being Bishops of that City That is to say St. Peter of the Churches of the Circumcision St. Paul of those which consisted specially of the Gentiles Now that the Gospel was preached there before Pauls coming is evident by his Epistle written to the Rmans at Cenchrea the Port-town of Corinth six years at least before his being brought to Rome in which he testifieth that their Faith was famous over all the World and therefore could not count him who had never been there for the planter of it And as St. Peter was the first preacher of the Gospel at Rome so sent he his Disciples to promulgate it in most parts of Italy The Roman Martyrologies reckon up eight Bishops of St. Peters making for so many of the principall Cities of this Country that is to say Ephaphroditus not he whom Saint Paul speaks of in his Epistle to the Philippians for Terracina of old called Auxur Hermagoras for Aquilia Paulinus for Luca Apollinaris for Ravenna Marcus for Atina Prosdocimus for Padua Marcianus for Syracuse and Pancratius for Tauromemum in the Isle of Sicilie But whether St. Peter planted it or St. Paul watered it certain I am that GOD onely gave it the increase It could not else have prospered under such a tyranny as many if not most of the Roman Emperours did earnestly endeavour to suppress it with But sanguis Martyrum semen Ecclesiae the watering of it by the blood of so many Martyrs made it grovv the faster And this small grain of Mustard-seed waxed so great a tree as over-shaddovved all the Provinces of that mighty Empire and did not onely stand it out against all Tempests but in conclusion did suppress that Superstition and Idolatry for vvhose sake all those Princes till the time of Constantine did more or less labour to destroy it How much it hath receded since those times from its primitive puritie and how it did degenerate into Worldly pomp and Secular policy by the design and arts of those who boast themselves to be Successors to that great Apostle shall be a little touched at in the story of the Roman Papacie Suffice it in this place to say that all the people of this Country partly in reverence to the Pope partly for fear of the Inquisition and partly by being kept in ignorance of the Protestant Doctrin of which they are taught to believe many monstrous things are all of the Religion of the Church of Rome But though the Fountains of the waters of Eternall life have either been stopped or else corrupted by the Popes of Rome the Rivers which do water this most flourishing Garden still preserve their beds and run unmixed and uncorrupted in the same channels as before they did And of these Italy hath as many as any one Country but none of any long course by reason that all parts of it are so neer some Sea most of which rising from the Alpes or the Apennine Hills by melting of the snows in Winter and casualtie of Land-floods at other times of the year do often over-flow the Country and for the most part leave an ill Air behind them Those of chief note are 1 the River Po or Padus the Greeks call it the Eridanus into which Phaeton is sayd to have been drenched when he fell from Heaven It riseth in the Alpes runneth thorough Lombardy which it divideth into Cispadanam and Transpadanam and having taken in 30 lesser streams falls with seven mouthes into the Adriatick Sea not far from Venice 2 Rubicon antiently the North-bound of Italy Hic fluvius quondam Italiae finis as it is in Plinie It runneth into the Adriatick Sea at Rimini or Ariminum the Port-town to Ravenni 1. 3 Arnus on whose banks stands the Citie of Florence 4 Ticinus which gave name to the Citie of Pavie called of old Ticinum it riseth in the Alpes and emptieth it self into the Lake called Lacus Verbanus 5 Liris now called Gariglia stained with the blood of French and Spaniards in their quarrels for the Realm of Naples nor no less unfortunately memorable for the drowning of Peter de Medices 6 Cuique fuit rerum promissa potentia Tibris And Tiber unto which was given The power of all things under Heaven It riseth from the Apennine Hills passeth by Rome and falleth into the Tuscan or lower Sea at Ostia Here is also the Lake of Thrasymene neer which Annibal defeated Flaminius the Consul and his whole Army opening thereby his passage to the gates of Rome and the famous River of 7. Metaurus where the Romans overcame Asdrubal the Brother of Annibel and thereby made a way to the ruin of Carthage Others of less note shall be mentioned in their proper places As for the Mountains of this Country those of most note are the Alpes and the Apennine of which the residue in a manner are but spurs and branches Of these the Alpes being also appertaining to France and Germany or rather containing many large and entire Provinces which belong to neither deserves a Tractate by it self The Apennine being proper onely to this Country but so that it relates to many and particular Provinces of it shall be spoken of here A ledge of Hils which take beginning neer Savona a Town of Genoa situate on the Mediterranean and fetching a little compass Northwards extend to the furthest parts of Italy dividing it almost in the very middest that part thereof which lieth towards the Tyrrhenian or Tuscan Sea being called Cisapennina Transappennina that which lay towards the Adriatick Passing in one entire body as far as Ascoli in Apulia a Province of the Realm of
deficient in Water as not good for Pasturage So that we may affirm thereof as of the Figs in the Prophet Jâ—râ—mie where it is good no Countrie better where bad and barren few so inconvenient and not any worse â—ut this defect of outward beautie and Commodities is recompensed by those within affording great plenty of Mines hoth of Steel and Iron and some Mines of Silver of which last so abundant in preceding times that it was never free from the Rovers of all Nations and it is said of Anâ—iâ—al that out of one Mine onely in the Conntrie of the Turdetanâ— now part of Andaluzia he received 3000 pound weight daily for long time together The principall Commodities which they vend in other Countries are Wines Oyl Sugars Metals Rice Silk Liquoras a fine sort of Wâ—oll Cork Rosin Limmons Raisins Orenges and fruits of the like nature In Corn which is the staff of life they are so deâ—ective that they receive the greatest part of what they spend from Italy Sicily and France Their Cattle neither fair nor many the Countrie not being able to breed them so that their Diet is on Salads and fruits of the Earth every Gentleman being limited what Flesh he shall buy for himself and his Familie which if he send for to the Butcher or the Poulterer by the smallest child able to doe the Errand for him he is sure not to be defrauded in price or quality And yet they talk as highly of their gallant fare as if they surfeited with the plenty of all provisions handsomly checked in that â—ond humour by that worthy Soldier Sir Roger Williams Of whom it is said that hearing once a Spaniâ—rd thus foolishly bragging of his Country salads he gave him this answer You have indeed good sawce in Spain but we have dainâ—y Beefs Veals and Muttons to eat with that sawce and as God made beasts to live upon the grass of the earth so he made men to live upon them And it is observ'd that if a Spaniard have a Capon or the like good dish to his supper you shall find all the â—eathers scattered before his door by the next morning And as it is in private houses so for travelling also the Innes and Vents of this Countrey are very ill provided insomuch that most men that would not go supperless to sleep carry their provision at their saddle bowes and men of worth their bedding also So poor and mean is the entertainment in these places Here lived in antient times the Gyants Geryon and Cacus which were quell'd by Hercules and in the flourishing of the Roman Empire Senâ—câ— the Tragoedian and the Philosopher of the same name a man of that happy memory that he could repeat 2000 names in the same order that they were rehearâ—ed as also Quintâ—lian the Oratour Lucan and Martial excellent in their kindes and Pomponius Mâ—l the Geographer In the middle times Fulgentius and Isidore Bishop of Seviâ—l and in our Fathers dayes Aâ—ias Montanus famous for his Edition of the holy Bible Masâ—â— a learned Commentator Osorius well seen in the Latine elegancies and beâ—ore all as well in industrie as time osta us Bishop of Avila a man so copious and industrious in his writings that it is thought he writ more sheets than he lived dayes But oâ— late times we find but few of their Works which have passed the Mountains the Latine which they write being very coarse and favouring too much of the School-man wherein their excellency consists and therefore they set out their Works most commonly in their own tongue onely The Chieâ— for Soldieâ—y amongst them were formerly 〈◊〉 who held out so long against the Romans Trajan and Thâ—odoâ—ius both Râ—man Emperours 〈◊〉 the second King of the Gothes the victorious Conquerour of the 〈◊〉 Bernardo del Carpiâ— and Cid Ruis Diâ—z famous for their atchievements against the Moors and in late times Gonsalvo the Great Captain who subdued Naples Ferdinand Duke of Alva who conquered Portugall c. The Christian Faith if we may beleeve the old Spanish Tradition was first here planted by S. James the Apostle within four yeers after the death of our Redeemer To which tradition though they held very constant a long time together yet of late dayes Baronius and other learned men of the Church of Rome doe most deservedly reject it That St. Paul had a purpose of coming hither is evident in his 15th Chapter to the Romans and that he did come hither accordingly is positively affirmed by S. Chrysostom Theodoret and divers others of the Fathers which was in Anno 61 as Bâ—ronius thinketh Nor did St. Peter want his part in this great service but joyned with St. Paul though not in the journey yet in the sending of Bishops and other Presbyters to second the beginnings made by that Apostle For it is said expresly in the Martyrologies that Câ—â—siphon Torquatus Secundus Cecilius Judaletius Hesychius and Euphrasius being at Rome ordained Bishops by the two Aâ—ostles ad praedicandum verbum Dei in Hispanias directi were dispatched into Spain to preach the Gospell Bishops most likely of those Cities where they suffered death the names of which occurre in the Martyrologie Vnder the Empire of the Gothes the faith of CHRâ—ST which at their coming hither they found right and Orthodox was defiled with Arianism not ejurated till the year 588. when that whole Nation did submit to more Catholique tendries Since that they have been punctuall followers of the Church of Rome and that too in the very errours and corruptions of it taking up their Religion on the Popes autority and therein so tenacious or pertinacious that the King doth suffer none to live in his Dominions which profess not the Roman-Catholique Religion of which they have been since the times of Luther such avowed Patrons that one of the late Popes being sick and hearing divers men to moan his approching end uttered some words to this effect My life said he can nothing benefit the Church but prâ—y for the prâ—sperity of the King of Spain as its chief Supporter And though he spoke these words of King Pâ—ilip the 2d yet they hold good in his Successors ever since being esteemed the greatest Patrons and Protectors of the Catholick Cause Which is indeed the proper interess of this King For seeing that they have framed to themselves an hope of the Western Monarchy and finding no fitter means of inlarging their own Temporall than by concurring with the Pope in upholding his Spirituall Empire they have linked themselves most fast to that See To which end they have taken upon them to be the Executioners of the Popes Excommunications by which Office Ferdinand the Catholique surprized Navarre not without hope of working the like effect in some course of time on the rest of the interdicted Estates of Europe as may be seen by the eager following of the French War against Henry the 4th till he had reconciled himself to the Church of Rome and the like War managed
their memory the Juites upon the North of them where there is still a Province called by the name of Juiteland the Saxons South of both in the Dukedom of Holstein situate in the very neck of that Chersonese where it joyneth with Germauy Joyning their powers they spread themselves with good success to the South and West of which more hereafter And growing Masters of the Seas infested with continuall Pyracies the Coasts of Britain occasioning herein an Officer of great trust and power appointed to defend and scour those Seas in the Notitia called Comes Littoris Saxonici Known by this means amongst the Britans they were called in by Vortigeâ— to aid him against the Scots and Picts whom they overcame in a pitched field neer Stamford in the County of Lincoln for so far had the barbarous people marched without any resistance Rewarded for this victorie with the Isle of Thanet and after with the whole Countie of Kent they began to quarrell with their hosts whom by degrees they dispossessed of all the Countrey on this side of Severn parcelling it into seven Kingdomes called the Saxon Hoptarchie that is to say 1 Of Kent 2 of the South-Saxons 3 of the West-Saxons 4 of the East-Saxons 5 of the East-Angles 6 of the North-Humbers and 7 of the Mercians The beginning period and Kings of which severall Kingdomes and the uniting of them into one Monarchie we are next to shew 1 The Kingdom of KENT confined within that Countie onely was begun by Hengist who with his Brother Horsus had the leading of the Saxon forces at their first entrie into Britain Anno 455. being the sixt yeer after their first coming in who restoring Paganism to this Countrie when the rest of the Isle was Christian occasioned the distinction of Kent and Christendom The Kentish afterwards the first of the Saxons who received the Gospell by the preaching of Augustine the Monk the Apostle of the English Saxons Principall Cities of this Kingdom were 1 Canterbury once the Regall seat of the Kings of Kent till given by Ethelbert on his conversion to Augustine the first Archbishop thereof and his Successors afterwards the See of those Archbishops who had here their Palace and Cathedrall the Kings removing to Reculver Seated in the East part of the Countrie about seven or eight miles from the Sea a little Brook serving it thence with some commodities A Citie of more Antiquity and fame than beautie being now ruinous and decayed and having nothing in it worth observation but the Cathedral Church first founded by Ethelbert before-mentioned but afterwards new-built upon his foundations in the form it now stands by Archbishop Lanfrank Will Corboyle and some other of their Successors in the said See The Archiepiscopall Palace is a goodly building and the ruines of S. Augustines Monastery shew what once it was 2 Dover antiently called Dubris seated on the Sea-shore where the passage is shortest into France for that cause fortified with a strong and in those dayes accounted an impregnable Castle esteemed one of the keys of England and the chief of the Cinque-Ports now giving the title of an Earl to the house of Hunsdon chief of the Familie of the Caries neerly allied to Queen Elizabeth of famous memorie 3 Rochester seated on the Medway not far from Chattham the station of the Royall Navie an antient Citie but of no greatness in former times called Durobrivis after that Roffa thence the name of Roff-chester a Bishops See the second for Antiquity in all the Iland 4 Maâ—dston upon the Medway also neer the head thereof the largest and most beautifull in all this Countrey and most commodiously seated for publick business The Kings of Kent A. Ch. 455. 1 Hengist the first King 488. 2 Esk or Osca 512. 3 Octa. 532. 4 Immerick 561. 5 Ethelbert the first Christian King of this Countrie 617. 6 Edbald 641. 7 Ercombert 665. 8 Egbert 673. 9 Lotharius 686. 10 Edrick 693. 11 Wightred 72+ 12 Egbert II. 749. 13 Ethelbert II. 759. 14 Alricus 794. 15 Ethelbert III. 797. 16 Cuthred 805. 17 Barldred the last King of Kent who lost both life and Kingdom to Egbert King of West-Sex or the West-Saxons An. 824. The progenie of Hengist having been before extinguished in the person of Alricus overthrown and slain by Offa the great King of the Mercians II. The Kingdom of SOUTH-SEX or of the SOU-SAXONS was began by Ella a noble Captain of that people An. 488. It conteined only the two Counties of Sussex and Surrey which were thence denominated the first so called quasi South Sex the Countrie of the South-Saxons the second quasi South-Rey as lying on the South-side of the River Thames in the same sense as S. Maries Church on the other side of that River in respect of London is called S. Marie Over-Rey The Christian Faith suppressed here as in other places was restored again in the time of King Eddwalch by the preaching of S. Wilfride Archbishop of York living here in Exile Places of most importance in it were 1 Chichester built by Cissa the 2d King hereof and called â—issan-cester encompassed almost round with the River Lavant falling not far off into the Sea the chief Town of Sussex and a Bishops See removed hither from Sealsey a Demy-Iland in the time of the Norman Conquerour where it was first planted by Archbishop Wilfride 2 Hastings one of the Cinque-ports in Sussex also the landing-place of the Normans and famous for the over-throw of King Harold in the fields adjoyning 3 Guildford upon the River Wey the chief Town of Surrey well-built and having in it two Parish Churches 4 Arundell in a Dale or Valley on the River Arun and from thence so named belonging to the Crown in the time of the Saxons when given by the Testament of King Alfride unto Anthelm his Brothers Sonne Of great note for a beautifull and capacious Castle but more for giving the title of Earl to the noble Families of the Albeneys the Fitz-Alans and the Howards this last of such a large and diffused Nobilitie that in the yeer 1641. there were no fewer than eight Howards in the house of Peers 5 Kingston upon the Thames so called to distinguish it from Kingston upon Hull in Yorkshire heretofore famous for the Coronation of the Monarchs of the English Saxons whence it had the name of Kingston or the Kings Town This Kingdom had only 3 Kings crushed in the infancy thereof by more potent neighbours The Kings of the South-Saxons A. Ch. 488. 1 Ella the first King 514. 2 Cissa the Sonne of Ella who lost his life and Kingdome to Cerdic King of the West-Saxons 590. 3 Cheulin King of West-Sex called himself King of the South-Saxons 4 Edelwach or Ethelwolf the first Christian King overcome and slain in battel by Ceadwill King of the West-Saxons An. 687. After whose death Berthan and Authun two Brethren took on themselves the Government with the title of Dukes or Captains and held it for a little
of the water and the Holy Iland consisting of three distinct parts or members Of these the least is that which they call La Isola but antiently the Holy Iland first made an Iland by the Corn Straw and other Goods of the Tarquins which the Senate not vouchsafing to convert to any publick or private use commanded to be flung into the River where it sunk and setled to an Iland and after called the Holy Iland from a Temple herein built unto Esculapius brought hither from Epidaurus in the shape of a Serpent This Iland is not above a quarter of a mile in length and hardly half so much in bredth but full of stately Churches and beautifull houses Next to this is that which they call Trastevere or Trans-Tiberina but of old Janiculo from the mountain of that name included in it called also Civitas Ravennatium or the City of the men of Ravenna of the Souldiers which Augustus kept at Ravenna against Antonius and after placed in this out-part of the City which by reason of the unwholsomeness of the air is inhabited onely by Artizans and poor people yet compassed about with walls except on that side next the water and adorned with many goodly Churches and some handsome buildings But the chief glory of the City conâ—isteth in that part of it which is called Il Borgo lying on the North side of the other but disjoyned from it compassed about with walls by Pope Leo the 4. and from thence called Civitas Lâ—onina For in this part there are 1 the Churcb of S. Peter which were it once finished would be one of the rarest buildings in all the World 2 The Castle of S. Angelo impregnable unless by Famin. 3 The Popes Palace called Belvidere which with the Gardens thereof was compassed about with a very high wall by Pope Nicolas the fift and had this name from the fair prospect which it hath in the same sence as Belvoir Castle here in England the Barony and Mansion of the Earls of Rutland A Palace of magnificence and receipt enough 4 The Library of the hill Vatican properly called the Palatine but more commonly the Vatican Library a Library was founded by Sixtus the 4th who not only stored it with the choicest books he could pick out of Europe but allowed also a large revenue for the perpetuall augmentation of it Bibliothecam Palatinam in Vaticano toto terrarum orbe celebrem advectis ex omni Europa libris construxit proventusque certos c. So Onuphrius When the Duke of Burbon sacked Rome An. 1527 it was much defaced and ransacked but by the succeeding Popes it hath been again recovered to its former fame and beauty Rome is now an University which was founded by Urban the fourth at whose request Thomas Aquinas professed here Pope Nicholas the fifth was a speciall Benefactor to the same and after him Leo the tenth who revived the Greek learning and language which were in these parts almost forgotten And finally to this place are brought all the treasures of those parts of Christendom subject to the Popes authority partly for the expence of strangers which do there remain on their severall pleasures or occasions and partly for the expeditions which are there obtained for the Investitures of Bishopricks and Buls of Benefices Indulgences and other matters of Court-holy-water and partly in the Pensions which are payd there to the Cardinals and other Ministers of those Kings and Princes which know best how to make their ends of the Popes Ambitions So that it may be truly sayd there came not more Tributes into Old Rome from the conquered Provinces than hath been bronght into the New from the subject Churches which have submitted to the power of the Roman Prelates and that they have as great command now under the pretence of Religion as ever they had formerly by force of Arms. So truly was it sayd by Prosper of Aquitane if my memory fayl not Roma caput mundi quicquid non possidit Armis Religione tenet This is to say What Rome subdu'd not with the Sword She holds by colour of the Word But yet there wants the Genius of the antient City the power and naturall courage of the old Inhabitants which held the same against the bravery and assaults of all Forein Enemies this City during the time of the antient Romans being never took but by the Galls but since Pontificall it hath been made a Prey to all Barbarous Nations and never was besieged by any that did not take it In a word the city of Rome as now it standeth is but the carcass of the old of which it retains nothing but the ruins and the cause of them her sins The Popes much brag of the foundation of their Church and the authority of S. Peter whose being there is indeed constantly attested by most antient Writers insomuch that Calvin though no friend to the Popes of Rome yet propter Scriptorum consensum in regard of the unanimous consent of the primitive times did not think fit to controvert it The silence of the Scriptures is a Negative Argument and concludes nothing to the contrary against so great a Cloud of unquestioned Witnesses as soberly and positively have affirmed the same And yet I would not have it thought by the captious Remanists that I conceive that it makes any thing at all for the Popes Supremacy because he siâ—s in Peters seat no more than it did make for Vibius Rufus as Dion doth relate the Story to attain Tullies eloquence or Caesars power because he maried Tullies widow and bought Caesars chair though the poor Gentleman did befool himself with this opinion that he should be Master of them both Of which see Lib. LVII And yet the Popes relie so much upon this fancy of being the direct heirs of S. Peter and all his preheminences that all things which they say or do must be entituled to S. Peter Their Throne must be S. Peters Chair their Church S. Peters Ship their Lands S. Peters Patrimony their Tributes and exactions must be called Peter-pence their Excommunications â—ulminated in S. Peters name and all their Buls and Faculties sealed Annulo Piscatoris with S. Peters Signet Nay they went so far at the last that Pope Steven not being contented to be Peters Successor did take upon him in plain terms to be Peter himself For being distressed by Astulphus King of the Lombards he sends for aid unto King Pepin in this following stile Petrus Apostolus JESU CHRISTI c. i.e. Peter the Apostle of JESUS CHRIST to you the most illustrious King Pepin and to all Bishops Abbots c. I the Apostle Peter whose adopted sonnes you are admonish you that you presently come and defend this City c. And doubt you not but trust assuredly that I my self as if I stood before you do thus exhort you c. and that I Peter the Apostle of God will at the last day yeeld you mutuall kindnesses and prepare you Tabernacles
Corn Wine and most delicate fruits and happily enriched with Meadows and most excellent Pastures which yeeld a notable increase of Cheese and Butter And in the Countrey about Sion they discovered in the year 1544 a Fountain of Salt and have also many hot Bathes and medicinall waters very wholsom Of Springs and River-water they are very destitute having scarce any but what they fetch from the Rhosne vvith a great deal both of charge and trouble the common people using snow-water for the most part for domestick uses which made one pleasantly observe that they pay there dearer for their water than they do for their Wine Cattell they have sufficient to serve their turn and amongst others a wild Buck equall to a Stag in bigness footed like a Goat and horned like a fallow Deer leaping with vvonderfull agility from one precipice to another and so not easily caught but in Summer time for then the heat of that season makes him blind It is divided into the Upper and the Lower Wallisland the Upper lying towards the Mountain de Furcken in the very bottom of the Valley and the Lower stretching out to the Town of Saint Maurice which is at the opening of the same the length of both said to be five ordinary daies journey but the bredth not answerable The Upper Wallisland containeth the seven Resorts of 1 Sion or Sedune 2 Leuck 3 Brig 4 Nies 5 Rawren 6 Sider 7 Gombes in which are reckoned thirty Parishes the Lower comprehending the six Resorts of 1 Gurdis 2 Ardoa 3 Sallien 4 Martinacht 5 Jutremont and 6 Saint Maurice in which are 24 Parishes The people in both parts said to be courteous towards strangers but very rough and churlish towards one another The severall Resorts before mentioned are named according to the names of their principall Towns which according to their reckoning are thirteen in number The chief of which are 1 Sedunum Sittim or Sion a Bishops See suffragan to the Metropolitan of Tarentuise the chief of all this little Country of no great beauty in it self but neat and gallant in respect of the Towns about it Situate in a Plain on the River of Rhosne under a Mountain of tvvo tops on the one of which being the lower is seated the Cathedrall Church and the Canons houses and on the other looking downwards with a dreadfull precipice a very strong Castle the dwelling place of the Bishop in the heats of Summer which being built upon an hill of so great an height and of so hazardous an ascent is impossible almost to be took by force the sharpness of the Rocks keeping it from the danger of assaults and the highness of the hill from the reach of Gun-shot 2 Marchinacht by Caesar called Octodurus and Civitas Valensium by Antoninus remarkable for its antiquity only 3 Saint Maurice or Saint Morits antiently Augaunum the Key of the whole Country but in Winter especially vvhen all the other passages are so frozen up that there is no other entrance but by the Bridge at this Town vvhich for that cause is very well manned and fortified to avoyd surprisall and therefore also chosen for the seat of the Governour of the Lower Wallisland This Country now called Wallisland is in most Latin Writers called by the name of Valesia but corruptly as I think for Valensia as the Dutch or English name for Wallinsland which name I should conceive it took from the Valenses the old inhabitants of this valley of vvhom Octodusus now called Marchinacht is by Antoninus made to be the Metropolis or principall City It was made subject to the Romans by Julius Caesar at such time as the Helvetians were conquered by him and falling with the Western parts of the Roman Empire unto Charles the great was by him given to Theodulus Bishop of Sion An. 805. Under his successors they continue to this very day but so as that the Deputies of the seven Resorts have not only voyces with the Canons in his Election but being chosen and invested into the place they joyn with him also in the Diets for choosing Magistrates redressing grievances and determining matters of the State The Lower Wallisland obeyeth the upper made subject by long War and the chance of Victory and hath no sway at all in the publick Government but takes for Law that which their Governours agree of The same Religion is in both being that of Rome For maintainance whereof they combined themselves with the seven Popish Cantons of Switzerland An. 1572 or thereabouts as also for their mutuall defence and preservation against Forein Enemies and keeping amitie and concord amongst one another 5. SWITZERLAND NExt unto Wallisland lyeth the Country of the SWITZERS having on the East the Grisons and some part of Tirol in Germany on the West the Mountain Jour and the Lake of Geneve which parts it from Savoy and Burgundy on the North Suevia or Scwaben another Province also of the upper Germany and on the South Wallisland and the Alpes which border on the Dukedom of Millain The whole Country heretofore divided into three parts onely that is to say 1 Azgow so called from the River Aaz whose chief Town was Lucern 2 Wislispurgergow so called from Wiflispurg an old Town thereof the chief City whereof is Bern. And 3 Zurichgow so named from Zurich both formerly and at this present the Town of most note in all this Tract but since the falling off of these Countries from the house of Austria divided into many Cantons and other members of which more anon It is wholly in a manner over-grown with craggy Mountains but such as for the most part have grassie tops and in their bottoms afford rich Meadows and nourishing pastures which breed them a great stock of Cattell their greatest wealth And in some places yeelds plenty of very good Wines and a fair increase of Corn also if care and industry be not wanting on the Husband-mans part but neither in so great abundance as to serve all necessary uses which want they doe supply from their neighbouring Countries And though it stand upon as high ground as any in Christendom yet is no place more stored with Rivers and capacious Lakes vvhich doe not onely yeeld them great aboundance of Fish but serve the people very vvell in the vvay of Traffick to disperse their severall Commodities from one Canton to another Of which the principall are Bodensee and the Lake of Cell made by the Rhene Genser see or the Lake of Geneve by the Rhosne Walldstet see and the Lake of Lucern made by the Russe Namonburger and Bieter sees by the Orbe and Zurich see by the River of Limat or Limachus It is in length two hundred and forty miles an hundred and eighty in bredth conceived to be the highest Countrey in Europe as before is sayd the Rivers which do issue from it running thorow all quarters of the same as Rhene thorough France and Belgium North Po thorough Italie to the South
unto his Election but soon recovered of those hurts The ancient name hereof in the Itinerarie of Antoninus is supposed to be Bodobriea pawned to the Bishops of Triers by Henry the 7. and not yet redeemed 4. Sarbrucken on the edge of Lorrain by Antoninus called Pons Sarvix seated on the River or Brook called Sar whence it had the name at the fall thereof into the Moselle possessed at the present by a branch of the house of Nassaw but Homagers of this Electour entituled hence according to the Dutch fashion Counts of Nassaw in Sarbruck 5. Veldents and 6. Belstern on the Moselle of which nothing memorable 7. Treves or Triers in Latine Treveris the principall City of the Treveri who possessed this tract seated upon the Moselle also the Metropolis of the Province of Belgica Prima and honoured with the residence of the Vicar or Lieutenant Generall for the whole Diocese of Gaul by consequence the seat of a Metropolitan when it submitted to the Gospell Of such antiquity that it is said to have been founded 150. years before the City of Rome of no great beauty of it self and as little trading the River not being capable of ships of burden and the air generally so cloudy and inclined to rain that it is by some called merrily Cloaca Planetarum It passed sometimes among the number of Imperiall cities but now acknowledgeth the Elector for the Lord thereof by whom made an Vniversity one of the ancientest in all Germanie and of as much resort for the study of good Arts and Sciences as the best amongst them 8. Obert-Wesel or Vesalia Superior so called to distinguish it from Wesel in the Dukedome of Cleve which is Vesalia inferior or the Vnder-wesel the furthest place of this district seated on the Rhene not far from Bacebarach a Town of the Palatinate of no great note but that it is accompted for a Town Imperiall 3. The Bishoprick of MENTZ is not laid out by bounds and limits as the other because the Patrimony and estate thereof doth not lie together dispersed for the most part about Franconia intermixed with the Lands and Towns of the Princes Palatine the Bishops of Wormes Spires and others So that the temporall Estate of this Electour is every way inferiour unto those of Triers and Colen superiour unto both in place and dignity he being the first in rank of the whole Electorall Colledge Chancellour for the Empire and in all meetings sitteth at the right hand of the Emperour The Bishops See first placed here as some report by S. Crescens one of the Disciples of S. Paul of whose being sent by him into Gallia for so the Ancient writers understand Galatia the Apostle speaketh 2 Tim. 4. Though others with more probability seat him at Vienna in Daulphine But whether it were here or there certain it is that anciently this City was a See Episcopall Martin the Bishop hereof subscribing to the Acts of the Councell of Colen anno 347. And if a Bishop certainly a Metropolitan Bishop this City being in those times the Metropolis of the Province of Germania Prima But Christianity being worn out of these parts of Germanie by the conquests of the French Almans and other infidels was again restored in this tract by Boniface an Englishman the first Archbishop of Mentz of this new plantation in and about the time of Pepin surnamed the Grosse Maire of the Palace to the French Kings and father of Martell who for the Orthodoxie of his doctrine and the number of Churches planted by him hath been deservedly honoured with the title of the Apostle of Germanie Towns of most note belonging to the Bishops hereof are 1. Mentz it self the Moguntiacum of the Antients so called from the River of Maine formerly Mogus and Moganus in the Latine now better known by the name of Moenus opposite to the fall whereof into the Rhene it was built of old so having the command of both Rivers for that cause made the seat of a Roman officer commonly called the Duke of Mentz who had a charge of the Frontiers and especially of those ten Garrisons planted on the banks of the Rhene spoken of before Stretched out in great length on the River side but not of answerable breadth well built and populous towards the water in other parts not so well inhabited The publick buildings generally very large and beautifull the houses built according to the old Roman modell the most magnificent whereof is the Bishops Palace who is the immediate Lord both of the Town and Territory extended on both sides of the Rhene fruitfull in all naturall commodities and abounding with most excellent wines Of good note also for an University here founded by Theodorick one of the Electours but especially for the Art of Printing which was here invented or perfected at the least and made fit for use 2. Bing seated on the Rhene another of the Garrison towns erected by the Romans on the banks of that River In a small Island of which not far from this town is a Tower or Castlelet called the Mouseturn i. e. the tower of Mice built by one Halto or Hanno Archbishop of Mentz anno 900 or thereabouts Who in a yeer of great scarcity pretending to relieve the poor people oppressed with Famine caused them to be gathered together into an old barn where he burnt them all saying they were the Rats and Mice which devoured the Corn. After which barbarous act he was so persecuted by those Vermin that to avoid them he was fain to build a Palace in the midst of the Rhene whither the Rats and Mice followed him and at last devoured him 3. Lausteine 4. Hasford 5. Oxenford 6. Alderburg 7. Middleburg 8. Caâ—lostadt the birth-place of Carolostadius of great note in the time of Luther 9. Bischoffstein 10. Koningsberg mons Regius in Latine the birth-place of Johannes de Monte Regio a famous Mathematician as appeareth by his Comment upon Ptolemies Almagest most of these in Frankenland but of this Electorate 3. The PALATINATE of the RHENE The PALATINATE of the RHENE is situate wholly in Franconia bounded upon the East with the Dukedome of Wirtenberg and some part of Franconie with the residue thereof and the River Main upon the North on the South with Elsats or Alsatia and on the West with the land of Triers extended in length from Coub to Gemersheime north and south 72 miles and in breadth from Sweibrucken to Lauden east and west 90 miles It is called also the Lower Palatinate to difference it from the Palatinate of Bavaria which is called the Vpper the Palatinate of the Rhene because lying on the banks of that famous River The whole Country is said to be the most pleasant part of all Germany stored with all sorts of fruits and metals abounding with those cool wines which growing on the banks of the Rhene have the name of Rhenish adorned with many goodly Towns both for strength populousnesse and beauty and finally watered
is of different natures the parts adjoyning to the Weser being desert and barren those towards the Earldomes of Mark and Bergen mountainous and full of woods the Bishoprick of Bremen except towards the Elb full of dry sands heaths and unfruitfull thickets like the wilde parts of Windsor Forrest betwixt Stanes and Fernham In other parts exceeding plentifull of corn and of excellent pasturage stored with great plenty of wilde fruits and by reason of the many woods abundance of Akorns with infinite herds of swine which they breed up with those naturall helps of so good a relish that a Gammon of Wesiphalian Bacon is reckoned for a principall dish at a great mans Table The old inhabitants hereof were the Chauci Majores about Bremen the Chanani Angrivarii and Bructeri inhabiting about Munster Osuaburg and so towards the land of Colen and part of the Cherusci before spoken of taking up those parts which lie nearest unto Brunswick and Lunenbourg All of them vanquished by Drusus the son-in-law of Augusius but soon restored to their former liberty by the great overthrow given by the Cherusci and their associates to Quintilius Varus Afterwards uniting into one name with the French they expulsed the Romans out of Gaul leaving their forsaken and ill-inhabited seats to be taken up by the Saxons with whom the remainders of them did incorporate themselves both in name and nation Of that great body it continued a considerable Member both when a Kingdome and a Dukedome till the proscription and deprivation of Duke Henry the Lyon at what time the parts beyond the Weser were usurped by Barnard Bishop of Paderborn those betwixt the Weser and the Rhene by Philip Archbishop of Colen whose successours still hold the title of Dukes of Westphalen the Bishopricks of Breme Munster Paderborn and Mindaw having been formerly endowed with goodly territories had some accrewments also out of this Estate every one catching hold of that which lay nearest to him But not to make too many subdivisions of it we will divide it onely into these two parts VVestphalen specially so called and 2 the Bishoprick of Bremen In VVESTPHALEN specially so called which is that part hereof which lyeth next to Cleveland the places of most observation are 1 Geseke a town of good repute 2 Brala a village of great beauty 3 Arusberg and 4 Fredeborch honoured with the title of Prefectures 5 VVadenborch 6 Homberg lording it over fair and spacious territories All which with two Lordships and eight Prefectures more dispersed in the Dukedome of Engern and County of Surland belong unto the Bishop of Colen the titulary Duke of VVestphalen and Angrivaria Engern as he stiles himself 7 Mountabour perhaps Mont-Tabor seated in that part hereof which is called VVesterwald a town of consequence belonging to the Elector of Triers 8 Rhenen 9 Schamlat and 10 Beekem reasonable good towns all of the Bishoprick of Munster 11 Munster it self famous for the Treaty and conclusions made upon that treaty for the peace of Germany seated upon the River Ems and so called from a Monastery here founded by Charles the great which gave beginning to the Town supposed to be that Mediolanium which Ptolemy placeth in this tract a beautifull and well fortified City and the See of a Bishop who is also the Temporall Lord of it Famous for the wofull Tragedies here acted by a lawlesse crew of Anabaptists who chose themselves a King that famous Taylor John of Leiden whom they called King of Sion as they named the City New Jerusalem proclaimed a community both of goods and women cut off the heads of all that opposed their doings and after many fanatick and desperate actions by the care and industry of the Bishop and his confederates brought to condigne punishment The Story is to be seen at large in Sleidan and some modern pamphlets wherein as in a Mirrour we may plainly see the face of the present times 12 Osnaburg first built as some say by Julius Caesar as others by the Earls of Engern but neither so ancient as the one nor of so late a standing as the others make it here being an Episcopall See founded by Charles the Great who gave it all the priviledges of an Vniversity Liberally endowed at the first erection of the same and since so well improved both in Power and Patrimony that an alternate succession in it by the Dukes of Brunswick hath been concluded on in the Treaty of Munster as a fit compensation for the Bishoprick of Halberstad otherwise disposed of by that Treaty of late enjoyed wholly by that Family 13 Quakenberg on the River Hase 14 VVarendorp and 15 VVildshusen towns of that Bishoprick 16 Paderborn an Episcopall See also founded by Charles the Great at the first conversion of the Saxons more ancient then strong yet more strong then beautifull 17 Ringelenstein and 18 Ossendorf belonging to the Bishop of Paderborn 19 Minden upon the VVeser another of the Episcopall Sees founded by Charles the Great and by him liberally endowed with a goodly Patrimony converted to lay-uses since the Reformation under colour of Administration of the goods of the Bishoprick and now by the conclusions at Munster setled for ever on the Electors of Brandenbourg with the title of Prince of Minden 20 Rintelin a strong town conveniently seated on the Weser not far from Minden to the Bishop whereof it doth belong Hitherto one would think that Westphalen had formerly been a part of Saint Peters Patrimony belonging wholly to the Clergy but there are some Free Cities and secular Princes which have shares therein as 1 VVarburg a neat town but seated on an uneven piece of ground neer the River Dimula a town which tradeth much in good Ale brewed here and sold in all parts of the Country heretofore a County of it self under the Earls hereof now governed in the nature of a Free Estate and reckoned an Imperiall City 2 Brakel accompted of as Imperiall also 3 Hervâ—rden a town of good strength and note governed by its own Lawes and Magistrates under the protection of Colen 4 Lemgow belonging heretofore to the Earls of Lippe but by them so well priviledged and enfranchised that now it governeth it self as a Free Estate Here is also 5 The town and County of Ravensburg belonging anciently to the Dukes of Cleve and now in the rights of that house to the Elector of Brandenbourg As also 6 the Town and County of Lippe lying on the west side of the VVeser the Pedegree of the Earls whereof some fetch from that Sp. Manlius who defended the Roman Capitol against the Gauâ—s they might as well derive it from the Geese which preserved that Capitol others with greater modestie look no higher for it then to the times of Charls the Great one of the noble Families of the antient Saxons Some other Lords and Earls here are but these most considerable all of them Homagers of the Empire but their acknowledgments hereof little more then titular though not
Sicyon the nineteenth King thereof and finally Peloponnesus from Pelops the son of Tantalus King of Phrygia and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Insula the word signifying as much as the Isle of Pelops But it is now of late called Morea and that a Maurorum incursionibus from the incursions of the Moores as Mercator thinketh It is conceived to be the most pleasant Countrie of all Greece abounding in all things necessarie for the life of man and in such also as do serve for delicacie and contentment only adorned with many goodly Plains swelled with fruitfull Hils well stored with Ports and Havens on all sides thereof And though no Country in the world for the bignesse of it hath suffered in the ruine of so many brave and stately Cities yet is it still the most populous and best inhabited of all the Continent of Greece Near the middle of it in Laconia is the Mount Taygetus from the top whereof there was no Citie of note in all this Peninsula but what might easily be seen A most gallant prospect The whole divided commonly into these 7 Provinces 1 Achaia propria 2 Elis 3 Messene 4 Arcadia Laconia 6 Argolis and 7 Corinthia 1 ACHAIA PROPRIA is bounded on the East with Argolis and Corinthia on the West with the Ionian Sea on the North with Sinus Corinthiacus or the Golfe of Lâ—panto on the South with Elis. So called from the Achaei the Inhabitants of it the adjunct propria being added to difference it from Achaia in the Continent or main land of Greece Places of most consideration in it are 1 Dyme situate in the most Western point of it on or near the Promontorie called Araxum the town now called Chiarenza and the Promontorie Cabo di Chiarenza Not far from which is another Promontorie or head-land of old called Antirrhium because opposite to another in Aetolia that was called Rhium divided by a very narrow strait or fretum which openeth into the Bay of Corinth fortified on each side with a Castle for defence thereof commonly called Dardanelli and sometimes Castelli di Lepanto 2 Aegium where Jupiter is said to have been nursed by a Goat whence it had the name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek signifying a she Goat once a strong town now ruined and destroyed by the Turks called at this day Vostiza or Bostizan 3 Aegira once the chief Citie of all this tract situate on a steep and inaccessible hill now a small Village called Xilocastro 4 Olenus so named from Olenus the son of Jupiter and Anaxithea now called Chaminisa 5 Patrae situate at the very mouth of the Golfe opposite to Lepanto first called Arâ—e but being by one Patreus enlarged and walled took the name of Patrae which name it holdeth to this day being still called Patras the town of most note on the Bay of Corinth called from hence Golfo di Patras A town of good trade and much frequented not long since by the English Merchants who had here their Consul called the Consul of Mera but formerly more memorable for the death of S. Andrew the Apostle who here suffered Martyrdom 6 Pellene distant from the Sea about 60 furlongs the people whereof being constant to their old fashions of apparell occasioned the Proverb of Pellenaea vestis applyed to old cloaths out of fashion Here were once also the two Cities of 7 Helice and 8 Buris sunk by the violence of a tempest into the bottome of the Sea about the time of the battle of Leuctres Not to say any thing of 9 Tritae and 10 Phera two other towns hereof of note in the former times so little now remaining of them as if they had been sunk at the same time also But the chief town of all this Province if not a Province of it self is that of Sicyon situate not far from the Isthmus in the most Eastern parts hereof and giving to the territorie or adjoyning Country as once unto the whole Peninsula the name of Sicyonia The territorie rich especially in Olives and works of Iron the Citie the most ancient of all Greece built within little time of the generall flood and restauration of mankind first called Aegialia after Sicyonia by the names of the first and nineteenth Kings hereof by whom and their successours much adorned and beautified with Temples Altars Statues and Images of their severall Gods the ancientest Kingdome in the world the Assyrian and Aegyptian excepted only and perhaps not those It took beginning in the person of Aegialeus within 150 years after the deluge and 200 years before the death of Noah continuing in a race of Princes who swayed the affairs of Peloponnesus till overtopped by the growth and good fortune of the Kings of Argos The names of whom by reason of the undoubted antiquitie of this Kingdome I shall here subjoin in the ensuing Catalogue of The KINGS of SICYON A. M. 1860 1 Aegialeus 1910 2 Europs 1950 3 Telchin 1980 4 Apis 2004 5 Telxion 2055 6 Aegyras 2089 7 Eurymachus 2134 8 Leucidpus 2187 9 Mesapus 2234 10 Peratus 2280 11 Plemnaeus 2328 12 Orthoulis 2391 13 Marathon 2421 14 Marathus 2441 15 Echyreus 2496 16 Corax 2526 17 Epopeus 2561 18 Lamedon 2601 19 Sicyon 2646 20 Polybus 2686 21 Ianischus 2728 22 Phestus 2736 23 Adrastus 2740 24 Polyphides 2771 25 Pelasgus 2791 26 Xeuxippus the last King of Sicyon after whose death A. M. 2812. the estate hereof was governed by the Priests of Apollo seven of them successively one after another the first five only years a piece Amphictyon who was the sixt continuing 9 years in the Regencie and Charidemus the last of them ruling 18 years After whose death or departure I know not which A. M. 2844. the Heraclidae who about that time returned into Pelâ—ponnesus made themselves Masters of this Country there being no Kings of Sicyenia from this time forwards Of these Kings the most memorable were Aegialeus and Apis the first and fourth from whom this Peninsula had the names of Apia and Aegialia Aegirus the 6. giving name and being to the Citie Aegira spoken of before Marathon the 13. of whom perhaps the famous fields of Marathon in the other 〈◊〉 took denomination Epopeus the 17. who founded a Temple to Minerva and therein placed his own Monument or Tropheys Sicyon the 19. the Founder of the Citie of Sicyon or at least therepairer and enlarger of it Pelasgus the 25. from whom perhaps the Grecians might be called Pelasgi if not known formerly by that name After this time I finde no man of note who bare sway in Sicyon till the time of Aratus the speciall ornament of this town of which a Native and one of the principall establishers of the Achaean Common-wealth against the Spartans and Macedonians of which more hereafter in the generall History of Peloponnesus 2 The Country of ELIS hath on the East Arcadia on the West the Ionian Sea on the North Achaâ—a prepria on the South Messenia The chief Cities are
all the fabricks in the whole world the sides and floor all flagged with excellent Marble and before the entrance a goodly Portico or Porch in which as well the Christians who visit it out of curiosity as the Turks who repair thither for Devotion are to leave their shoos By Mahomet the Great after the taking of the City converted to a Turkish Mosque as it still continueth frequented by the Signeur almost every Friday which is the Sabbath of that people Near hereunto standeth the Palace or Seraglio of the Ottoman Emperours on the north-east Angle of the City where formerly stood the antient Byzantium divided from the rest of City by a wall containing three miles in circuit and comprehending goodly groves of Cypresses intermixed with Plains delicate Gardens artificial Fountains and all variety of pleasures which luxury can affect or treasure compasse The Palace it self injoying a goodly prospect into the Sea was first built by Justinus the Emperour afterwards much enlarged by the Ottoman race containing three great Courts one within another the buildings yeilding unto those of France and Italy for the neat contrivance but farre surpassing them for cost and curiousnesse As for the City it self it is said to be 18 miles in compasse and to contain 700000 living souls yet would be more populous then it is if the Plague like a cruell Tertian Ague did not every third year so rage amongst them Fortified towards the Land with three strong and high Walls the one higher then the other the outermost highest of them all towards the Sea with one wall onely built after the old fashion with many Turrets which very strongly flanker and defend the same But formerly both the Town and Chersonnese in which it standeth was defended from the incursions of the barbarous people by a strong wall built on the very Isthmus of it some ten miles from the City reaching from one Sea to the other The work of Anastasius who succeeded Zeno anno 494. A City which a farre off gives to the eye a most pleasing object so intermixt with Gardens and beset with Trees that it seems a City in a Wood but being entred much deceiveth the expectation which it promised the buildings of it being mean if not contemptible The streets for the most part exceeding narrow but raised on each side for the greater cleanlinesse the houses but of two stories high some of rough Stone and some of Timber without any outward grace or exterior garnshing in many places nothing but low Sheds or rowes of shops and in some places long dead walls belonging unto great mens houses The principall beauty of the whole next to some Monuments of Antiquity which are still preserved and the Tombs or Sepulchres of some of the Ott man Kings which are very sumptuous are the Mosques or Temples of the Turks about eight thousand in number And the Port or Havent so conveniently profound that Ships of greatest burden may safely lay their sides to the sides thereof for the receit or discharge of their lading and so commodiously seated on the Thracian Bosphorus that there is no winde whatsoever it be which brings not in some shipping to it But that which gives the greatest pleasure to the sight from the hills adjoyning is the situation of it on seven Mountenets most of then crowned with magnificent Mosques built all of white Marble round in form and finished on the top with gilded Spires reflecting the sun beames with a marvellous splendour On the first whereof standeth the ruines of Constantines Palace exceeding stately to behold on the second a fair Turkish Mosque built on the Palace antiently belonging to the Greek Patriarch on the third a stately Mosque the Sepulchre of Mahomet the second and a very large Hospitall for entertainment of Pilgrims and relief of the poor the Annuall rents whereof are valued at 200000 Checquines On the fourth and fift the Sepulchres of Selimus the first and Baiazet the second On the sixt the Mosque and Sepulchre of Solyman the Magnificent numbred amongst the present wonders of the world and on the seventh the Temple of Saint Sophia and the Turkes Seraglio spoken of already In which respect it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Nicetas Vrbs septicollis by Paulus Diaconus and so acknowledged to be by Janus Douza Phines Morison G. Sandys and others of our modern Travellers the eye-witnesses of it So that if there be any Mystery in the number of Seven or that the sitting of the Great Whore on a seven-headed beast be an assured direction to find out the Antichrist we may as well look for him in Constantinople or Nova Roma where the Great Turk the professed enemy of Christ and the Christian Faith hath his seat and residence as amongst the seven hils of Old Rome where the Pope resideth Or if his sitting in the Temple of God shew us where to find him we may as well look for him in the Temple of Saint Sophia now a Turkish Mosque as in Saint Peters Church at Rome still a Christian Temple But to return again unto Constantinople as it was made by Constantine the Imperiall City and consequently the chief City of the East in all Civill matters so it became in little time to have a great sway also in affaires of Religion The Christian Faith said to be first preached in Byzamium by Saint Andrew the Apostle the first Bishop thereof afterwards spreading over Thrace and the Churches of it regulated by many Bishops the chief preheminence in matters which concerned those Churches was given unto the Bishop of Heraclea Heraclea being at that time the Metropolis or principall City of the Province But after that Constantinople was built by Constantine and made the Imperiall City as before was said it did not onely over-top Heraclea and draw unto it self the Metropolitan dignity but stood in competition with the other Patriarchall Churches for the Supreme Power insomuch as at the second Generall Councell holden in this City it was unanimously decreed that the Patriarch hereof shoul'd in degree of honour be next unto the Bishop of Rome and above those of Antioch and Alexandria the same Decree confirmed in the Councell of Chalcedon also by which not onely all the Churches in the Diocese of Thrace but also of Natolia or Asia Minor except Cilicia and Isauria which remained to the Patriarch of Antioch were containing no lesse then 28 of the Roman Provinces were made subject to him And though Pope Leo the first pretending onely the preservation of the Priviledges of those two great Churches but indeed fearing left New Rome might in the end get the precedency of the Old did oppose this Act and some of his Successours persisted in the same resistance yet they were forced in the end to give way unto it especially after the Emperour Justinian had by his Imperiall Edict confirmed the same By whom it was finally ordained Senioris Romae Papam primum esse omnium Sacerdotum
infamous for their luxury and excesse of riot when between in warres so that it is a marvel they were able to prevaise on the neighbour Nations and bring then under their command as in the times of some of Croesus Predecessors it is said they did Unlesse perhaps they did participate of the temper of Moecenas the great favorite of Augustus Caesar of whom Paereulus hath left this Character ubires vigiliam exigeret erat sane insomnis providens agendi 〈◊〉 simul â—e aliquidex negotio remitti possit otio ac mossite penè ultra foeminam fluens No man more vigilant then he in times of businesse nor woman more effeminate in his times of leisure Principall Cities of this Countrey were 1. Sardis on both sides of Pactolus the seat Royall of Croesuâ— and the Kings of Lydia till the conquest of Lydia by the Persian After which time being taken by the Grecians it so startled Xerxes that he commanded one of his Attendants to say aloud every day whilest to was at dinner that the Grecians had taken Sardis continuing that Memento till it was recovered Which course I note this onely by the way was commonly observed in the Parliaments of France as long as Calice did remain in the hands of the English and might be profitably revived till again recovered from the French Overthrown by a most terrible Earth-quake to which disease most of these Asian Cities have been very much subject it was re-edified again at the cost of Tiberius continuing long after the Metropolis of this Province and one of the Seven Churches of the Lydian Asia of which the holy Spirit took such speciall notice The others besides Pergamus already mentioned in the Greater Mysia and Ephesus and Smyrna in the Proper Asia were 20 Philadelphia neer or on the banks of the River Caystrus the second City in accompt next to Sardis it selfe and honoured with the dignity of a Metropolitan as appeareth by the Acts of the Constantinopolitan Council where Eustathius Bishop hereof doth subscribe himselfe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bishop of the Metropolis of Philadelphia in the Province of Lydia 3. Thiatyra honoured with the same privilege also as appears by the constant Order observed as well in the Civill as Ecclesiasticall Catologues of the Cities belonging to this Province The reason whereof for otherwise it was contrary to the practise both of Church and State to have in one Province more then one Metropolis was the respect had to those severall Churches in regard of their primitive antiquity and the foundation of them by Saint John the Apostle as it was generally believed 4. Lariaicea by Ptolomy placed amongst the Cities of this Province as it stood in his time and before but afterwards laid by Constantine to the Greater Phrygia and made the Metropolis thereof which honour 〈◊〉 had before enjoyed it being well observed by Strabo that the Romans did not dispose of their Provinces according to Nations 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 but according to those districts or Circuits in which they kept their Courts of justice Next unto these there were of especiall consideration 5. Magnesia ad Maeandrum so called because situate on that River to difference it from 6. Magnesia penes Sipylum montem another of the same name neer the hill Sipylus The first asigned over to Themistocles together with Myus and Lampsacus as was said before The other memorable for the great battell fought neer unto it betwixt Antiochus and the Romans the losse whereof falling unto Antiochus occasioned the losse of all his Asian Provinces on this side of Taurus and the payment of 15000 talents for the charge of the warre besides some other hard conditions then imposed upon him 7. Alabanda opposite to Magnesia on the other side of Maeander the people whereof immediatly on the overthrew of Antiochus not onely sent Ambassadors to Rome to congratulate with them as many other Nations did but built a Temple to it and appointed Anniversary Games to be celebrated in the honour of that new-made Godesse A thing more to be wondered at in the Roman Senate for receiving than in this poor people for bestowing on their City so divine an honour 8. Trallis on the banks of Caystrus to the Inhabitants whereof Ignatius that Reverend Bishop and godly Martyr writ the Epistle ad Trallenses That the Lydians were derived from Lud the Sonne of Sem is testified by the general consent of such antient writers as treat of the dispersions of the Sonnes of Noah to which opinion the nearnesse of the names of Lud Ludin and Lydi or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as the Grecians call them seems to give good countenance Nor shall I here dispute it further as a point unquestioned the tale of Lydus I know not what Nobleman that should name this Countrey being taken up amongst the Greeks for want of more certain truths Once setled here they grew up suddenly to a Kingdome Amongst the Antient Kings whereof are numbered Manes as the first Cotis and Atis and then Asius from whom Lydia first and after all the Continent had the name of Asia as his immediate Successors After them I find mention of one Cambletes said by Athenaeus to be so great a Gourmandizer that in his sleep he eat his wife and finding her hand in his mouth next morning slew himself for shame and of another named Andramytes as infamous for his filthy lusts as Cambletes for gluttony But the race of these Kings ending in Omphale the Mistresse of Hercules who made that valiant Champion spinne amongst her Damosels the Heraclidae or posterity of Hercules succeeded next of whom there is no constant and continued succession till the time of Ardisius the nineteenth in order of that line who began his reign not long before the building of the City of Rome Under his successors the affaires hereof so exceedingly prospered especially under Haliattes the Father of Croesus that Phrygia Bithynia Paphlagonia Mysia Caria Aeolis Doris and Ionia acknowledged themselves Vassalls to this Crown conceived both in wealth and power to be equall to the Aegyptian Babylonian or Median Kingdomes till the Conquest of Syria and Aegypt by Nabuchadnezzer gave him the preheminence But being come unto the height it received a fall in the person of Croesus the Successour of him who so much advanced it The Kings hereof from the time of the said Ardisius take in order following The Kings of Lydia A. M. 3190. 1. Ardisius 36. 3226. 2. Haliactes 14. 3240. 3. Melos who overcame the people of Sardis 12. 3252. 4. Candaules who shewing his wife naked to Gyges was by him slain who marying his wife succeeded him in his Kingdome The whole story is this Candaules had to his wife a woman of unparallell'd beauty And supposing the greatnesse of his happinesse not to consist so much in his own fruition as the notice which others might take of it intended to shew her in natures bravery to Gyges the master of his heards Gyges at
and forty or a hondred and sixty Oars a peece which the Italians call from hence by the name of Pamphyli But forced to leave this trade at last being warred upon by the Romans with great forces both by Sea and Land a fuller narrative whereof we shall have in Cilicia in the conclusion of that warre they lost that liberty which so small a time they had enjoyed and were made Vassals unto Rome Afterwards made a Province of the Asian Diocese they ran the same fortune with the rest till subdued by the Turks and at the death of Alidine were seized on by Caraman and so became a part of his Kingdome Of which we shall hear more when we come to Cilicia And so much for the Provinces of the Asian Diocese the Provinces of the Isles excepted whereof more anon converted to the Christian faith by three great Apostles but most especially by Saint Paul of whose travels through most Cities and Regions of it there is such pregnant evidence in the book of the Acts. And that Saint Peter and Saint John had also their parts herein appears by the Revelation of the one and the first Epistle of the other Paul planting John and Peter watering but God himself giving the increase Pass we on next unto ISAURIA and CILICIA which though Provinces of the Diocese of the Orient were parts of the Caramanian Kingdome of which having taken a Survey and so cleared our selveâ— of this Peninsula we will then sayl about such Islands as make up the remainder of the Asian Diocese 18. ISAVRIA CILCIA THese two though distinct Provinces I have joined together because the first was onely a part of the last Cilicia antiently comprehending both The fourtunes of both being the same also in point of story ISAVRIA a mountainous and hilly Province seated on both sides of Taurus hath on the East and South the rest of Cilicia whereof antiently it was a part on the North Pisidia on the West Pamphylia So called from Isaurus the chief City of it when first made known unto the Romans which being taken by Servilius the Proconsnl imployed by Pompey in that service reduced the conquered Countrey under the command of Rome and gave unto the Conquerour the surname of Isauricus The quality of the Soyl and whole estate of this small Province take thus from Ammianus Marcellinus who had seen these Countries Ciliciae lateri dextro adnexa Isauria uberi palmite viret frugibus multis quam mediam flumen navigabile Calicadnus interscindit c. i. e. On the right hand of Cilicia lyeth Isauria a Province of a wealthy soyl plentifull of Vines and much other fruits which the River Calecadnus parteth in the very middest Beautified besides many Towns with two principall Cities 1. Seleucia founded by Seleucus and 2. Claudiopolis into which Claudius the Emperour brought a Roman Colonie For as touching 3. Isauria heretofore a walled City and of most esteem it hath been long ago destroyed as yielding too secure a refuge to the neighburing Rebels insomuch that now there are scarce any visible tracts of its former greatness And not much after Hae duae Provinciae bello quondam Piratico cateruis mixtae Praedonum a Servilio Proconsule missae sub jugum factae sunt vectigales i e These Provinces Cilicia and this heretofore in the Piraticall warre joyning with those Robbers were brought under by Servilius the Proconsâ—l and made subject to the State of Rome And here we have in brief the nature of the Countrey the names of the chief Rivers and the principall Cities with so much of the story as relates to the first subjugation of it What further doth concern it we shall hear in Cilicia upon the which it did depend 2. CILICIA is bounded on the East with Syria or rather that part thereof which is called Comagena separated from which part by a branch of the Mounta in Taurus called Amanus on the West with Pamphylia on the North with Isauria and Armenia Minor on the South with the Mediterranean and Syria specially so called It was thus named as the old tradition was from 〈◊〉 the brother of Cadmus the Phoenician a neer neighbour to it but as Bochartus of whose humour I have told you often from Callukim a Phoenician word signifying stones quia lapidosa est Regio because in some parts especially in that which was called Cilicia Trachaea or Cilicia Aspera it was very stony It is now called Caramania as the last Province of the Caramanian Kingdome which held out for those falling Princes when the rest was conquerd by the Turks of the Ottoman race The Countrey said by Marcellinus to be terra dives omnibus bonis wealthy and fruitfull of all necessaries Which Character holdeth good chiefly in the Eastern parts which heretofore had the name of Cilicia Campestris the western parts lying towards Pamphylia formerly called Cilicia aspera being rough and stony But generally where the lands lie in severall and are duly cultivated it answereth to the former Character being also very well watered and having a fair and large Sea-coast for the space of there hundred miles and upwards Which notwithstanding it is not much traded and but meanly inhabited a great part of the Countrey lying in large and common fields to which none can lay any proper claim and therefore planted onely with Goats and Sheep out of which the Commoners on all sides raise good profit by cheese and butter by their fleeces chiefly Here is also a good breed of Horses of which six hundred yearly are culled out for the speciall service of the Grand Signeur But as they have some profitable and usefull creatures so have they others as dangerous and hurtfull to them especially those which the Vulgar Grecians call Squilachi of a mixt making betwixt a Dog and a Wolf which go in ttoops and are so bold and theevish withall as they use to set upon a man as he is a sleep and leave him neither hat cloak nor fardell nor anything they can conveniently get from him Chief Rivers hereof are 1. Pyzamus now called Malmistra which rising on the North side of the Taurus and forcing his passage through that Mountain makes such a noise in falling down the precipices and rocks thereof as resemblanceth at a great distance a clap of Thunder 2. Orymagdus 3. Calicadnus spoken of before 4. Cidnus which riseth in the Anti-Taurus a River of a violent course and so cold a water that as Pliny writes it cureth the Gout the waters of which proved very dangerous to Alexander the Great the coldness of them striking violently into his stomack and deadly to Fredrick the first Emperour of the Germans as he here bathed himself the violence of the stream tripping up his heels and he not able to recover was presenly drowned Of their chief hils I need add nothing having already said that the Countrey is parted by Amanus from Syria and by Taurus it self from Pisidia and Armenia Minor not
Prophets as in our Saviours time with that of Mary the mother of John Mark mentioned acts 15. 37. converted to a Church by the Primitive Christians the Western part whereof was wholly taken up by the Palace of Herod a wicked but magnificent Prince for cost excessive and for strength invincible containing gardens groves fish-ponds places devised for pleasure besides those for exercise Fortified with three Towers at the Corners of it that on the South-East of the wall 50 Cubiâ—s high of excellent workmanship called Mariamnes Tower in memory of his beloved but insolent wife rashly murdered by him Opposite to which on the South-West corner stood the Tower of Phaseolus so called by the name of his brother 70 Cubits high and in form resembling that so much celebrated Aegyptian Phtros and on the North Wall on an high hill the Tower of Hippick exceeding both the rest in height by 14 Cubits and having on the top two Spires in memory of the two Hippâ—er his very dear friends slain in his service by the wars 2. On the South-side stood that part which was called the Old City possessed if not built by the Iebu 〈◊〉 and therein both the Mountain and Fort of Sion but after called the City of David because taken by him who thereon built a strong and magnificent Castle the Royall Court and Mansion of the Kings succeding In the West part hereof stood the Tower of David a double Palace built by Herod the one part whereof he named Agrippa and the other Coesar composed of Marble and every where enterlaid with gold and not far off the house of Annas and Caiaphas to which the Conspirators led our Saviour to receive his tryall 3. That which was called the Lower City because it had more in it of the Valley was also called the Daughter of Sion because built after it in majesty and greatness did exceed the Mother For therein upon Mount Moriah stood the Temple of Solomon whereof more anon and betwixt it and Mount Zion on another hill the Palace which he built for his Wife the Daughter of Aegypt and that which he founded for himself from which by an high Bridge he had a way unto the Temple West hereof on a losty rock overlooking the City stood the Royall Palace of the Princes of the Maccaboeans re-edified and dwelt in by King Agripoa though of Herod race and not far off the Theater of Herods building adorned with admirall pictures expressing the many victories and triumphs of Augustus Coesar In this part also stood Mount Aâ—ra and on that once a Citadell built by Antiochus King of Syria but razed by Simon one of the Maccaboean Brothers because it overtopped the Temple the house of Helena Queen of Adiabâ—ne who converted from Paganism to Indaism had here her dwelling and here died and finally Herods Amphitheatre capacious enough to contain 80000 people whom he entertained sometime with such shews and spectacles as were in use amongst the Romans And in this part also on an high and craggy rock not far from the Temple stood the Tower of Baris whereon the same Herod built a strong and impregnable Citadell in honour of Marc. Antonie whose Creature he first was called by the name of Antonius having a fair and large Tower at every corner two of them 50. Cubits high and the other 70. afterwards garrisoned by the Romans for fear the Jews presuming on the strengen of the Temple might take occasion to rebel 4. As for the New City which lay North to the City of Herod it was once a Suburb onely unto all the rest inhabited by none but mechanicall persons and the meanest trades-men but after incompassed by Agrippa with a wall of 25 Cubits high and fortified with ninety Turrets The whole City fenced with a wonderfull circumvallation on all parts thereof having a Ditch cut out of the main Rock as Iosephus an eye-witness writeth sixty foot deep and no less than two hundred and fifty foot in bredth First built say some by Melghisedech the King of Salem by the Jebusites themselves say others by whomsoever built called at first Jebusalem afterwards Jerusalem with the change of one letter only inlarged in time when made the Royall seat of the house of David to the Magnificence and greatness before described â—â— it attained unto the compass of sixty furlongs or seven miles and an half Unconquered for the first four hundred years after the entrance of the Children of Israel and when David attempted it the people presumed so much on the strength of the place that they told him in the way of scorn that the blâ—nd and the lame which they had amongst them as the Text is generally expounded should defend it against him But as I think the late learned Mr. Gregory of Christ-church in Oxon hath found out a more likely meaning of the Text than this who telleth us that the Jubesites by the blind and lame as they knew well the Israeliâ—es called blind and lame did understand those Tutelar Idols on whose protection they relied as the 〈◊〉 did on their Palladium for defence thereof and then the meaning must be this those Gods whom you of Israel call blind and lame shall defend our Walls Why else should David say had they meant it literally that his soul hated the lame and the blind 2. Sam. 5. 8. or why should the People of Israel be so uncharitable as to say that the blind and lame should not come into the House or Temple of God were it meant no otherwise But notwithstanding these vain hopes the Town was carried under the conduct of Joab that fortunate and couragious leader and made the Royal seat of the Kings of Judah Proceed we now unto the Temple built by Solomon in providing the materials whereof there were in Lebanon 30000 workmen which wrought by the ten thousand every moneth 70000 Labourers which carried burdens 80000 Quarry-men that hewed stones in the Mountains and of Officers and Overseers of the work no lesse then 3300 men The description of this Stately Fabrick we have in the first of Kings cap. 6. 7. In the year of the world 2350 it was destroyed by Nabuchadzezzar at the taking of Hierusalem rebuilt again after the return from the Captivity but with such opposition of the Samaritans that the Workmen were fain to hold their Tooles in one hand and their swords in the other to repulse if need were those malicious enemies But yet this Temple was not answerable to the magnificence of the former so that the Prophet Haggi had good occasion to say to the People cap. 2. ver 3. Who is lâ—ft among you that saw this house in her first glory is it not in your eyes as nothing in comparison of it Nor fell it short thereof onely in the outward structure but some inward Additaments For it wanted 1. The Pot of Mannah which the Lord commanded Moses to lay up before the Testimony for a Memorial Exod. 16. 32. c. 2. The
fift on what day soever for on that he came into the world in that he took K. Francis Prisoner at the battel of Pavâ—e and on the same received the Imperial Crown But to return unto the Temple we find that on the Sabbath or Saturday it was taken by Pampey on the same by Herod and on that also by Titus But goe we forwards to Hierusalem as now it standeth it lay in rubbish and unbuilt after the destruction of it by Titus till repaired by Adrian and then the Temple not so much as thought of till out of an ungodly policy in the Reign of Julian that Politick Enemy of the Church who to diminish the infinite number of Christians by the increase of the Jews began again to build this Temple But no sooner were the foundations laid but a terrible Earth-quake cast them up again and fire from Heaven consumed the Tools of the Workmen together with the Stones Timber and other materials As for the City it self after the desolation in it which was made by Titus it was re-edified by the Emperour Aelius Adrianus who named it Aelia drave thence the Jews and gave it to the Christians But this new City was not built in the place of the old For within this Mount Calvary is comprehended which was not in the Old before As on the other side a great part of Mount Sion part of the City of Herod and the Soyl where the New City stood are left out of this the ruines of the other still remaining visible to shew the antient greatness and magnificence of it To look upon it then as it stands at present it is now onely famous for the Temple of the Sepulchre built by Helena whom most report to have been daughter to Corlus a British King Mother to Constantine the great Much a doe had the good Lady to find the place where the LORDS body had been laid for the Jews and Heathens had raised great hillocks on the place and built there a Temple of Venus This Temple being plucked down and the earth dâ—gged away she found the three Crosses whereon our blessed Saviour and the two Theeves had suffered To know which of these was the right Cross they were all carried to a woman who had been long visited with sickness and now lay at the point of death The Crosses of the two Theeves did the weak woman no good but as soon as they laid on her the Cross on which the Lord died she leaped up and was restored to her former health This Temple of the Sepuâ—chre even at the first building was highly reverenced and esteemed by the Christians of these parts and even untill our daies it is much resorted to both by Pilgrims from all the parts of the Romish Church who fondly and superstitiously hope to merit by their journey and also by divers Gentlemen of the reformed Churches who travell hitherward partly for curiosity partly for love to the antiquity of the place and partly because their generous spirits imitate the heaven and delight in motion Whosoever is admitted to the sight of this Sepulchre payeth nine crowns to the Turkish Officers so that this â—ribute onely is worth to the Grand Signeur eighty thousand Duckats yearly The other building generally very mean and poor if not contemptible Built of flint stones Low and but one rock high flat on the tops for men to walk on and fenced with battlements of a yard in hight to preserve them from falling the under-rooms no better than vaults where they repose themselves in the heat of the day Some houses neer the Temple of Solomon and the Palace of Herod adorned with Arches toward the Street where the passenger may walk dry in a showr of rain but not many such nor any thing but the ruins left of the antient buildings The whole circuit of it reduced to two or three miles and yet to those which take a survey thereof from some hills adjoining where the ruines are not well discerned from the standing edifices it affordeth to the eye no unpleasing prospect And as the place is such is the people inhabited for the most part by Artizans of the meanest quality gathered together of the scumme of divers Nations the greatest part consisting of Moores and Arabians a few poor Christians of all the Orientall Sects which dwell there for devotion and some Turks who for the profit which they make of Christians are content to stay in it Insomuch that when Robert Duke of Normandy being then not cured of his wounds and was carried into this City on the backs of some of this rascal people he called to a Gentleman of his who was going for England and bad him say that he saw Duke Robert carried into Heaven on the backs of devils Come we now to the Tribe of LEVI though indeed not reckoned for a Tribe because not planted close together as the other were nor had whole Provinces to themselves but mingled and dispersed amongst the rest of the people having forty eight Cities assigned them for their habitation proportionably taken out of the other Tribes So was it ordered by the Lord partly that they being set apart for his Service might be at hand in every place to instruct the People and partly to fulfill the Prophecy which he had spoken by Jacob who had fore-signified to Levi at the time of his death that he should be divided in Jacob and scattered in Israel The like fortune he had prophesied of Simeon also of the accomplishment whereof so far as it refered to him and the dispersion of his Tribe we have spoken before Now to make up the number of the twelve Tribes Joseph was divided into Ephraim and Manasses and the Levites were reckoned to belong unto that Tribe within whose territorie that City which they dwelt in stood Their maintenance was from the tenths or tithes the first fruits offerings and Sacrifices of the People and as it is in the eighteenth of Joshua v. the seventeenth The Priesthood of the Lord was their inheritance There were of them four kinds 1. Punies or Tirones which from their childhood till the five and twentieth year of their age learned the duty of their offices 2. Graduates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which having spent four years in the study of the Law were able to answer and oppose in it 3. Licenciates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which did actually exercise the Priestly function And 4. Doctors Rabbins they use to call them who were the highest in degree For maintenance of whom they had as before is said the Tithes first fruits and offerings of all the rest of the People besides the 48 Cities assigned for their habitation which last with the severall territories appertaining to them extending every way for the space of two thousand Cubits seems to have been a greater proportion of it self than any of the other Tribes with reference to the small number of the Levites had in their possessions Then for the Tithes
unto Edom whom he overcame and put Garrisons into all their Cities and the Edomites became his servants Governed from thenceforth by a Deputy or Vice-Roy as is said before till the time of Joram the Son of Jehosophat King of Judah in whose Reign they revolted as before was said Never regained to that Crown and but twice endeavoured that so the word of God might be all in all Onely the Simeonites in the reign of Hezekiah wanting pasture for their cattel and room for themselves seized on the parts which lay neerest to them destroyed the inhabitants thereof and dwelt in their habitations because there was pasture for their flocks 1. Chron. 4. 39. Provoked wherewith and with the natural Antipathy which was between them No people were more mischievously bent against Judah than these Edomites were no men so forward of themselves to assist Nabuchadonosor against Hierusalem none that so vehemently cryed Down with it down unto the ground none half so ready to set fire to the holy Temple But they got little by this service to the Babylonians their own thraldome following close upon that of Judah with whom made fellow-subjects to the Chaldaeans as afterwards to the Persians and Kings of Syria of the race of Seleucus In the declining of that house subdued by Hyrcanus the Son of Simon the fourth of the Maccabaean Princes by whom they were compelled to be Circumcised and to receive the Law of Moses not onely reckoned after that as a Province of the Jewish Kingdome but as naturall Jews Which notwithstanding and that the setting of that Crown on the head of Herod and his house being originally Idumaenus might in all reason have extinguished their inveterate malice yet was their hatred of that Nation as great as ever Forgetting therefore how they had been rewatded by the Babylonians they would needs aid the Romans against them also putting themselves into Hierusalem when besieged by Titus onely of purpose to betray it joyning with the seditious there doing more mischief in the City than the enemy had done without and finally setting fire to the second Temple as they had done unto the first Subjected afterwards by the Romans they followed the same fortune with the rest of Palestine Having thus gon through with the story of those neighbouring Nations which encompassed Canaan it will be seasonable to look on the affairs of the Canaanites first and after of the house of Jacob who possessed their Countrey First for the Canaanites they descended from Canaan the son of Cham who with his eleven sons were here setled immediatly after the confusion at Babel Of those twelve taking in the Father five planted in Phoenicia and the coasts of Syria that is to say Sidon Harki Arvadi Semari and Hamathi the other seven in those parts which we now call Palestine though not all of that the Edomites Moabites Midianites Ammonites and Ituraeans being Occupants or Tenants with them And of those seven came those seven Nations which by Gods appointment were totally to be rooted out viz. the Canaanites the Amorites the Hittites the Iebusites the Hivites the Gergeshites and the Perizites But from which of the sons of Canaan these last descended is not yet agreed on unless perhaps they were descended of the Sinites not otherwise reckoned in this muster and got the name of Perizites on some new occasion Governed at first by the Chiefest of their severall Families with the names of Kings the number of which increased as their Families were subdivided into smaller branches insomuch as Iosuah found 31 Kings of the Cannanites onely besides what might descend from those who were setled in Phoenicia and the borders of Syria The most potent of those Nations were the Amorites the Iebusites and the Chanaanites properly so called Of which the Amorites had not onely inlarged their borders beyond Iordan but in the reigns of Og and Sihon ruling at the same time in their severall parts had thrust the Ituraeans Ammonites and Moabites out of most of their Countries and so restored the same again to the race of the Emmims and Zanzummims of which they were who had been dispossessed thereof by the Sons of Lot These vanquished in the time of Moses and their habitations assigned over to the Tribes of Reuben Gad and the one half-tribe of Manasses The Canaanites properly so called as they were the first which fought with the house of Iacob so they were the last of all these people that contended with them They first fought with them under the conduct of Arad their King who thinking it more safe and prudent to encounter the Enemy in an other mans Countrey than to expect them in his own gave battell unto Moses in the Desarts of Moab and having cut off some of the out-parts of his Army and taken a few Prisoners he went home again But Iabin under whom they made their second onset went to work more resolutely and taking a time when the iniquities of that People cried loud for vengeance so prevailed against them that he tyrannized over them for the space of 20 years After which time his Army being discomfited by Baraâ— in the time of Debora Sisera his great Captain slain by Iael the wife of Heber the Kenite and most of his Cities taken and possessed by the Israelites he perished himself in the close of that war for it is said that they prevailed against Iabin the King of Canaan till they had destroyed him Judg. 4. 24. As for the Iebusites they were grown so formidable at the time of the comming of the Hebrews to the rest of their neighbours that their King Adonibezek bragged that he had cut off the thumbs and great toes of 70 Kings and made them eat the crums which fell under his table But being vanquished by Iudah he was served in the same kind himself by Iudah and Simeon and carried to Hicrusalem where he died the whole Countrey of the Iebusites and the City of Hierusalem it self the fortress of Mount Zion excepted onely being made a prey unto the Victor And though the Iebusites held that fortess till the time of David yet being they were onely on the defensive side and made no open war against those of Israel I reckon the Canaanites as the last which did contend with them for the chief command The Canaanites thus conquered and for the most part worn out of the Countrey the Israelites succeeded in their possessions according to the promise of God made to Abraham renewed to Isaac and confirmed to Iacob Governed after the death of Moses and Josuah by the Congregation of the Elders as appears by many passages in the book of Iudg. the Iudges as the Scripture calleth them not being the ordinary Magistrates but raised up occasionally by God for some speciall purpose according to the exigence of their affairs Carrying in this a likeness unto the Dictators in the State of Rome So that the Government at the first was an Aristocratie though to say truth it rather
misfortune that befell it then for any thing else purposely burnt by Amenophis the fift upon this occasion Being blinde he was assured by some of his Wizards that if he washed his eyes with the Urine of a Woman which had never known any but her own husband he should be restored unto his sight After a long search and many vain tryals he met with one whose water cured him whom he took to wife and causing all the rest whom he had made tryal of to be brought together to this Town he set sire on the Ciâ—y and burnt both it and all the women there assembled which tale if true is little to the credit of the Dames of Egypt Places of most note and observation in the Province of Egypt strictly and specially so called are 1. Alexandria situate Westward of the Delta over against the Isle of Pharos and built upon a Promontory thrusting it self into the Sea with which on the one side and the Lake Mareotis on the other it is exceeding well defended the Work of Alexander the Great and by him peopled with Greeks immediatly after his conquest of Egypt The Regal Seat of the Ptolomies whilst Egypt did maintain the State of a Kingdom and afterwards the Metropolis of it when a Roman Diocese Adorned with many stately buildings of which most memorable the Serapium or Temple of their God Separis for sumptuous workmanship and the magnificence of the Fabrick inferiour to none but the Roman Capitol and next to that the Library erected by Philadelphus who had stored it with 700000. Volumes unfortunately burnt in the War against Julius Caesar a City of great trading and infinite Riches 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the greatest Empory of the World as is said by Strabo Wanton with which the Citizens so abounded in all licentiousness both of life and speech that they spared not the Emperour himself if he came in their way But they paid dearly for their folly For Caracalla not so patient of a Contumely as some wiser Princes having felt the lashes of their tongues when he was amongst them assembled all the youth of the City as if out of them he would have chosen some to attend his Person and suddenly gave command to his Souldiers to put them all to the sword A slaughter so great and universall that the River Nilus coloured with the blood of the slain might not improperly at that time be called a Red Sea In this City Anno 180. Gantenus read here both Divinity and Philosophy to all such as would come to hear him which as it is conceived to give the first hint to the instituting of Vniversities in the rest of Christendom so from that small beginning the Schools of Alexandria grew so great and eminent that Nazianzen calleth them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the shop or work-house as it were of all kinds of Learning Much short of what it was even in point of trading especially since the diversion of the Trading from the Bay of Arabia and utterly divested of those beauties which once it had Inhabited at the present by a mixture of Nations Moors Jews Turks Greeks and Christian Cophtives more for some little gain which they reap by Traffick then any pleasure in the place Now called Scanderia by the Turks remarkable only for the house of the Patriarch though he dwell for the most part in Caire and a Church in which S. Mark their first Bishop was said to be buried 2. Canopus situate east of Alexandria and on the principal branch of the Nile called Heracleoticum so called from Canopus the Pilot of Menelaus who having suffered shipwrack upon this coast was there interred by his Master A Town so branded in old times for varieties of all kinde of beastliness and luxury that as Seneca very well observed he that avoided the viciousness and debauchery of it could not scape the infamy the very place administring matter for suspicion 3. Rosetta on the same branch of the River and not far from Canopus out of whose ruines it arose built by a Slave of one of the Egyptian Caliphs unwalled and destitute of all Fortifications but plentifully accommodated with all sorts of commodities and well frequented by the Merchant 4. Nicopolis now called Munia the Monument of some eminent Victory and probably of the conquest of Egypt by the Macedonians the name being Greek and the Town standing within 30. Fuâ—longs of Alexandria 5. Aphrodites and Aphroditopolis so called from Venus who was here worshipped situate betwixt the two middle branches of the Nile 6. Sais betwixt the same branches of the River also whence that Nomus or Division had the name of Saites It is now called Sibnit or Signiti 7. Plinthine on the Sea-side and 8. Hierax more within the land the chief Towns of the Region called Maraeotica In Arcadia called also Heptanomus because it contained seven of the Nomi or Divisions into which Egypt was distributed by the Macedonians the Places of most note were and are 1. Memphâ—â— on the Western bank of Nile not far from the sharp point of the Delta where the River first beginneth to divide it self the Regal City of the old Egyptian Pharaohs by one of which who removed the Seat Royal from Thebo hither it is said to be built and called thus by the name of his daughter In compass when it flourished about 20. miles Great populous and adorned with a world of Antiquities amongst others with the Temples of Apis Venus and Scrapis beset with Sphyrâ—â—â— now nothing left of the Ruines of it but the Statues of some monstrous Resemblances sufficient to â—hew what it hath been formerly The Pyramides before described stood not far from hence to which the Poet relateth saying Barbara Pyramidum sileat miracula Memphis Let barbarous Memphis brag no more Of her Pyramides as before 2. Babylon called for distinctions sake Babylon Aegyptiorum built on the other side of the River and somewhat more unto the North said to be founded by Cambyses the Persian Monarch the first that made this Kingdom stoop to the yoke of a forreiner and by him peopled with some Babylonians or Chaldaeans transplanted hither Great as appeareth by the ruines amongst which many of the Christian Temples and Monasteries do lie there in rubbish the Castle whereof served long after for the Garrison of the three Legions appointed to defend this Country in the time of the Romans This thought by some to be the Babylon mentioned by S. Peter in his 1 Epistle cap. ult which the following words and Mark my son S. Mark being the first Bishop of the Alexandrians and the Apostle of Egypt may make somwhat probable but the truth and reality hereof I dispute not now Out of the ruines of this City arose 3. Caire now and for many Ages past the chief of this Country raised from the ashes of old Babylon by the Chaliphs of Egypt and by the Mamalucks made the Seat-Royal of their Kingdom In compasse not above eight miles but full