Kirkby-Thore in the same County MS. This County as to Pedigrees and the Intermarriages of greater Families has been well consider'd and illustrated by Sir Daniel Fleming a great Encourager and Promoter of Aniquities MS. WILTSHIRE STone-henge restor'd written by Sir Inigo Jones and publish'd by Mr. Webb 1658. Answer to Sir Inigo Jones by Dr. Charleton Vindication of Sir Inigo Jones by his Son in Law Mr. Webb Architect to King Charles 1. Publish'd 1665. Sammes of Stonehenge a separate Discourse in his Britannia A short Treatise upon the same Subject was written by Mr. John Gibbons MS. Wilton-garden describ'd in 22 Copper Cutts in folio At that time it had the reputation of one of the finest gardens in Europe Mr. Tanner of Queen's College in Oxford has made large Collections in order to the Antiquities of this County See Wiltshire pag. 107. WORCESTERSHIRE WOrcester's Eulogie or a grateful acknowledgment of her Benefactors by J. T. Master of Arts a Poem 1638. A large description of Worcestershire MS. is now in the hands of Thomas Abingdon Esquire It was written by his Grandfather an able and industrious Antiquary YORKSHIRE AND RICHMONDSHIRE A Catalogue of all the Bailiffs Mayors and Sheriffs of the City of York from the time of Edw. 1. to the year 1664. by ..... Hillyard Recorder of the same City York 1665. Some Observations upon the Ruins of a Roman-Wall and multangular Tower in York with the draught by Martin Lister Esquire Phil. Transact Num. 145. Jul. 10. 1683. The Antiquities of the City of York by Sir Thomas Widdrington MS. The original Manuscript is now in the hands of Thomas Fairfax of Menston Esq See Yorkshire pag. 734. Dr. Jonston of Pontefract hath made large collections in order to the Antiquities of this whole County which he is now digesting and fitting for the Publick The English Spaw-Fountain in the Forest of Knaresburrow by Edw. Dean M. D. 1626. Another Book upon the same Subject by Mich. Stanhop 1632. A Yorkshire Dialogue in its pure natural Dialect 1683. WALES GIraldus Cambrensis's Itinerary of Wales A Manuscript of David Morganius mention'd by Vossius History of Penbrokeshire written by Geo. Owen Esq now in the hands of Howel Vaughan of Hengwrt Esquire TREATISES relating to SCOTLAND extracted out of Sir Robert Sibalds's Materials for the Scotch-Atlas THeatrum Scotiae by Robert Gordon in Latin Description of Edenburgh by his Son A description of Scotland and the Isles adjacent by Petruccius Ubaldinus in Italian King James 5th's Voyage round his Kingdom with the Hebrides and Orcades in French The Original Manners c. of the Scots by John Lesly Heroës Scoti by John Jonston A Catalogue of the Scotch Nobility in Scotch Andreae Melvini Gathelus Topographia Scotiae by the same hand An account of Rona and Hirta by Sir Geo. Makenzy Metals and Minerals in Scotland by D. Borthwick An account of Cathness by Mr. William Dundass An account of Sutherland by the same hand Observations upon Cathness by the same hand An account of Hadington deliver'd by the Magistrates of the place Description of part of the Praefecture of Aberdeen An account of a strange Tide in the river of Forth by the Reverend Mr. Wright Vindication of Buchanan against Camden per D. H.MS Collections relating to St. Andrews MS. The Antiquity of the Scotch Nation MS. Description of the High-lands of Scotland MS. Vindication of Scotland against Camden by W. Drummond of Hawthornden MS. An account of the metals found in Scotland by Mr. Atkinson MS. A description of Scotland and of the Northern and Western Isles MS. Scotia illustrata by Sir Rob. Sibalds Theatrum Scotiae or a description of the most considerable Cities and Gentlemen's Seats in the Kingdom of Scotland by J. Slezer Barclay's Treatise of Aberdeen-spaw Vid. Theatrum Scotiae pag. 30. IRELAND SIR James Ware hath given us an exact List of the Irish Authors in his Scriptores Hiberniae edit Dublin 1639. ISLANDS A Descripâ—ion of the Isle of Man in Dan. King's Antiquities of Cheshire An accurate Description of the same Island MS. out of which the Additional Account to the Isle of Man was extracted for me by Mr. Strahan of Baliol-College in Oxford A Description of Thule by Sir Robert Sibalds A Description of the Orcades by Mr. Wallace An Account of the Orcades by Matthew Mackaile A Discovery of the Tides in these Islands by the same Hand Description of Hethland and of the Fishery there by Jo. Smith A Table of Hethland with a description of it Observations upon the Aebudae An accurate Description of Jersey by Mr Fall 4o. ¶ Besides these there are great Numbers of Lieger-Books Charters Registers c. relating to the Religious Houses preserv'd in the Libraries of Sir Thomas Bodley Sir John Cotton c. and in the hands of several private Gentlemen a Catalogue whereof with the Proprietors is given by Mr. Tanner in his Notitia Monastica Antoninuss ITINERARY THROUGH BRITAIN As it is compar'd by Mr. BURTON with the several Editions Iter Britanniarum à Gessoriaco de Galliis Ritupis in Portu Britanniarum Stadia numero CCCCL ITER I. A Limite id est à Vallo Praetorium usque M. P. CLVI Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana Ab Remaenio A Bremenio Corstopilum m. p. xx Bramenio Corstopitum  Vindomoram m. p. ix   Vinoviam m. p. xix Viconia  Cataractonem m. p. xxii   Isurium m. p. xxiv  Ebur 17. Eboracum Leg. vi Victrix m p. xvii Ebur 17.  Derventionem m. p. vii   Delgovitiam m. p. xiii   Praetorium m. p. xxv  ITER II. Editio Aldina Suritana Simleriana  Iter à Vallo ad   Portum Ritupas   M. P. CCCCLXXXI sic  Ablato Tâ—lg A Blato Bulgio Castra Exploratorum m. p. * xii Ablat  * 10 15. Lugu-vall Luguvallum m. p. xii Lugu-vall  Voredam m. p. xiiii   Brovonacim m. p. xiii   Verterim m. p. * xiii * al. 20.  Lavatrim m. p. xiiii  * 16. Cataractonem m. p. * xiii * 16. Isuriam Isurium m. p. xxiiii Isuriam Eburacum 18. Eboracum m. p. xvii Eburacum 18. Cacaria Calcariam m. p. ix  Cambodun Camulodunum m. p. xx Cambodun  Mamucium m. p. xviii Mammuc Manuc  Condate m. p. xviii  * Vici Devam Leg. xx * Victrix m. p. xx * Leg. xxiii ci  Bovium m. p. x.   Mediolanum m. p. xx   Rutunium m. p. xii  Urio Con. Viroconium m. p. xi Urio Con.  Uxaconam m. p. xi  Penno-Cruc Pennocrucium m. p. xii Penno-Cruc  Etocetum m. p. xii  Mandues-Sed * 16. Manduessedum m.p. * vi ††16 Mandues-Sed  Venonim m. p. xii  Bennavent 16. Bennavennam m. p. xvii Bennavent Ban.  Lactodorum m. p. xii Lactorod  Magiovintum m. p. * xvii Magint * 12.  Durocobrivim m. p. xii Duro-Cobr Vero-Lam Verolamium m. p. xii Vero-Lam
Rhodes when the great Mahomet was worsted It is now in the hands of Mr. Ralph Thoresby of Leeds East from Knaresbrough stands Ribston-hall â—â—â—ston-â—all the pleasant Seat of the Right Honourable Sir Henry Goodrick Baronet Ambassadour from King Charles the second to the King of Spain now Privy-Councellor and Lieutenant of the Ordnance of the Tower of London hh Another river call'd Ure must be our next direction carrying us to Rippon â—â—ppon where in the Minster-yard is this modest Inscription for a two thousand pound Benefactor Hic jacet Zacharias Jepson cujus aetas fuit 49. perpaucos tantum annos vixit ii It brings us next to Burrowbridge â—â—rrwâ—dge where the Pyramids call'd by the common people the Devil's Arrows are most remarkable That they are artificial we have the opinion of Mr. Camden and the Devil's Coits in Oxofrdshire confirm it which Dr. 〈◊〉 of â—f â—â—th 〈◊〉 Plot affirms to be made of a small kind of stones cemented together whereof there are great numbers in the fields thereabout But whether our Author's conjecture of their being set up as Trophies by the Romans may be allow'd is not so certain A â—ct Sâ—aff 〈◊〉 later Antiquary seems inclin'd to conclude them to be a British work supposing that they might be erected in memory of some battel fought there but is rather of opinion that they were British Deities agreeing with the Learned Dr. Stillingfleet and grounding upon the custom of the Phoenicians and Greeks Nations undoubtedly acquainted with Britain before the arrival of the Romans who set up unpolish'd stones instead of images to the honour of their Gods kk Hard by this is Aldburrow confirm'd to be the Is-urium Is urium of the Ancients from several Roman Coyns and chequer'd Pavements digg'd up there some of which are now in the Musaeum of the ingenious Mr. Thoresby But to be a little more particular upon the remains of Antiquity they meet with take the following account which is the substance of a Letter from Mr. Morris Minister of the place Here are some fragments of Aquiducts cut in great stones and cover'd with Roman tyle In the late Civil wars as they were digging a Cellar they met with a sort of Vault leading as 't is said to the river if of Roman work for it has not yet met with any one curious enough to search it it might probably be a Repository for the Dead The Coyns generally of brass but some few of silver are mostly of Constantine and Carausius tho' there are two of Maximian Dioclesian Valerian Severus Pertinax Aurelius and of other Emperours as also of Faustina and Julia. They meet with little Roman heads of brass and have formerly also found coyn'd pieces of gold with chains of the same metal but none of late About two years ago were found four signet polisht stones three whereof were Cornelians The first had a horse upon it and a stamp of Laurel shooting out five branches the second a Roman sitting with a sacrificing dish in one hand and resting his other on a spear the third a Roman if not Pallas with a spear in one hand wearing a helmet with a shield on the back or on the other arm and under that something like a quiver hanging to the knee the fourth of a purple colour has a Roman head like Severus or Antonine Several Pavements have been found about a foot under-ground and compass'd about with stones of about an inch square but within are little stones of a quarter that bigness wrought into knots and flowers after the Mosaick-fashion No Altars are met with but pieces of Urns and old Glass are common In the Vestry-wall of the Church is plac'd a figure of Pan or Silvanus in one rough stone nyched ll From hence the Ure or Ouse runs to York York in the Antiquities whereof our Author has been so particular that we have little to add This ancient and noble City might have had an agreeable light if Sir Thomas Widdrington a person accomplisht in all Arts as well as his own profession of the Laws after he had wrote an entire History of it had not upon some disgust prohibited the publication The original Manuscript is now in the possession of Thomas Fairfax of Menston Esq Near the Castle stands the shell of Clifford's Tower which was blown up the 24th of April 1684. In the year 1638. in a house near Bishop-hill was found this Altar which is now at the Duke of Buckingham's house in York I. O. M. DIS DEABVSQVE HOSPITALIBVS PE NATIBVSQ OB. CON SERVATAM SALVTEM SVAM SVORVMQ P. AEL MARCIAN VS PRAEF COH ARAM. SAC f. NCD mm Dr. Tobias Matthews was Archbishop of this place * Inscript of the Church of York whose wife Frances a prudent Matron daughter of Bishop Barlow a Confessor in Queen Mary's time was a great Benefactress to the Church bestowing upon it the Library of her husband which consisted of above 3000 Books She is memorable likewise for having a Bishop to her father an Archbishop Matthew Parker of Canterbury to her father-in-law four Bishops to her brethren and an Archbishop to her husband nn The Cathedral Church after it had been burnt down in K. Stephen's time by little and little reviv'd The Thoresby mention'd by our Author was a great benefactor to it and the 29th of July 1631. laid the first stone of the new Quire to which at 16 payments he gave so many hundred pounds besides many other less sums for particular uses towards câ—â—â—ing on that work As he was Archbishop of 〈◊〉 so also was he Lord Chancellour of England and Cardinal Spelm. Gâ— in Cancellarius which I the rather take notice of here because he is omitted by Onuphrius as the Inscription of his seal testifies S. Johis Sci P. ad vincula presbyteri Cardinalis The dimensions of this Cathedral were exactly taken by an ingenious Architect and are as follows  Feet Length beside the buttresses 524 ½ breadth of the east-end 105 breadth of the west-end 109 breadth of the Cross from north to south 222 breadth of the Chapter-house 058 ½ heâ—â—ht of the Chapter-house to the Canopy 086 ½ height of the body of the Minster 099 height of the Lanthorn to the Vault 188 height to the top-leads 213 oo Southward from York is Nun-Apleton Nun-Apleton so call'd from a Nunnery founded there by the Ancestors of the Earls of Northumberland afterwards the seat of Thomas Lord Fairfax General of the Parliament-army who merits a memorial here upon account of the peculiar respect he had for Antiquities As an instance whereof he allow'd a considerable pension to that industrious Antiquary Mr. Dodsworth to collect those of this County which else had irrecoverably perish'd in the late wars For he had but just finish'd the transcript of the Charters and other Manuscripts then lying in St. Mary's tower in York before the same was blown up and all those sacred remains
Genium cujus te tibi reddit amor Foelix ipse suo libro foelicior ipsa Praeconem talem laudis habere tuae Plus loquar an sileam video tantum instar in ipso Quas Musas vocitem sed mea Musa sile Parcus amor loquitur major stupefactus adegit Mirari hoc tacitè nec scio solus opus In Britanniam à Guil. Camdeno illustratam F. Adarb Carmen PIctus atrox Hebridas glacialem Scotus Hibernem Moverat Attacotus Vararim Saxoque Visurgim Conjunctis armis animisque excindere gentes Subruere eximias cumulatis cladibus urbes Atque Britannorum nomen demergere bellis Ut tamen emergant quae sunt immersa ruinis Et decus antiquum rediviva Britannia cernat Ecce vetustatem Camdenius eruit omnem Magnarum rerum scrutatus magna sepulchra Submovit cineres nigrantes dispulit umbras Inque prius retrò studiis se contulit aevum Contulit atque decus patriaeque sibique labore In antiquam Camdeni Britanniam H.N.L. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 PRisca Britannorum delevit nomina Tempus Antiquas urbes exitióque dedit Cuncta triumphato Camdenus tempore reddit Ingenio priscum restituitque decus Ingenio cedat Tempus cedatque vetustas Ingenium majus Tempore robur habet Ad eundem ERrabat quaerens Antiqua Britannia lumen At Camdene tuam venit ut illa domum Invenit lumen mansit cupiensque poliri Hospes ait mihi sis qui mihi lumen eris I. W. BRITANNIA SI jactare licet magnorum munera divûm Sibique veris fas placere dotibus Cur mihi non videar fortunatissima tellus Digna est malis bona quae parùm novit sua Vltima lanigeris animosa est India lucis Suis superbus est Arabs odoribus Thuriferis gaudet Panchaia dives arenis Ibera flumen terra jactat aureum Aegypto faciunt animos septem ostia Nili Laudata Rheni vina tollunt accolas Laeta nec uberibus sibi displicet Africa glebis Haec portubus superbit illa mercibus At mihi nec fontes nec ditia flumina desunt Sulcive pingues prata nec ridentia Foeta viris foecunda feris foecunda metallis Ne glorier quòd ambiens largas opes Porrigit Oceanus neu quòd nec amicius ullâ Coelum nec aura dulciùs spirat plagâ Serus in occiduas mihi Phoebus conditur undas Sororque noctes blanda ducit lucidas Possem ego laudati contemnere vellera Boetis Vbi villus albis mollior bidentibus Et tua non nequeam miracula temnere Memphi Verùm illa major justiorque gloria Quòd Latiis quòd sum celebrata Britannia Graiis Orbem vetustas quòd vocârit alteru◠A CATALOGUE OF SOME Books and Treatises Relating to the ANTIQUITIES of ENGLAND Topographical Surveys of England in general ANtoninus's Itinerary Notitia Occidentalis Imperii Robert of Glocester in his Chronicle of England MS. has given us the length and breadth of England Comment upon the Itinerary of Antoninus by Mr. Talbot MS. This was much improv'd by Dr. Caius of Cambridge and is now in Caius-College in 2 Volumes Comment upon the same Itinerary by Mr. Burton Leland's Itinerary MS. in the Bodleian Library several Transcripts whereof have been taken by Gentlemen of Curiosity Harrison's History of England printed in Holinshed's Chronicle Drayton's Polyolbion Fuller's Worthies of England Dugdale's Baronage of England Monasticon Anglicanum Templa Druidum Monumenta Britannica c. being large Collections and curious observations relating to the Antiquities of England in four Volumes MS. By Mr. John Aubrey Fellow of the Royal Society Blome's Britannia Wright's three years Travels and other Surveys of England printed since 1607. are little more than Extracts out of Mr. Camden BARKSHIRE A Discourse of the Antiquities of the Castle of Windsor and Chapel there in Mr. Ashmole's Order of the Garter BEDFORDSHIRE AN account of a strange Tempest of Wind Thunder and Lightning at Bedford Aug. 19. 1672. CAMBRIDGESHIRE THE History of the University of Cambridge since the Conquest by Dr. Thomas Fuller by way of Appendix to his Church-History of Britain In Sir William Dugdale's History of Imbanking are several things relating to the Fenny part of this Country The Antiquity of Cambridge by Dr. John Caius A MS. Treatise call'd ...... Cantabrigiensis MS. by Richard Parker Fellow of Caius-College in Cambridge 'T is mention'd in Fuller's Worthies pag. 159. Mr. Loggan a little before his death took the prospects of the publick buildings and Colleges in this University CHESHIRE SIR Peter Leicester's Antiquities of Cheshire 1673. An Answer to Sir Peter Leicester's Addenda or something to be added in his Answer to Tho. Manwaring by the said Sir Tho. 1673 4. A Description Historical and Geographical of Cheshire by Dan. King 1656. A Manuscript in the Herald's Office relating to the County of Chester by William Smith CORNWALL A Map of Cornwall by Mr. Norden for the perfecting whereof he took a journey thither Camden's Epist p. 72. A Survey of Cornwall by Richard Carew of Antony Esq 1602. The same Book with several Additions is now in the hands of Mr. Chiswell Historical Account of Cornwall by John Norden MS. in the hands of Dr. Gale The Laws and Customs of the Stannaries CVMBERLAND A Genealogical Account of the Families in Cumberland by Mr. Denton A Manuscript copy'd into several hands The Ecclesiastical History of Cumberland since the Foundation of the Bishoprick of Carlisle by Dr. Hugh Todd Prebendary of that Church and Fellow of University-College in Oxon. MS. Natural History of Cumberland in Dr. Plot 's method as to the main by Mr. Nicolson Arch-deacon of Carlisle MS. DERBYSHIRE A Collection of the Laws Liberties Customs c. of the several Mines and Miners in Derbyshire by Thomas Houghton Lond. 1687. 12o. The benefit of the ancient Baths of Buxton-wells by John Jones Med. 1572. Several Observations relating to Buxton-Wells in this County MS. A Description of a monstrous Giant discover'd by a certain Labourer in this County Publisht 1661. A Discourse upon the twelve Months fasting of Martha Taylor a famous Derbyshire Girl not far from Bake-well Publisht by John Reynolds 1669. The Wonders of the Peak written in Latin-Verse by Mr. Hobbes The Wonders of the Peak by Charles Cotton Esq in English Verse 'T is said he first wrote it in the Dialect of that County and made a Glossary to it but what became of it I know not The Liberties and Customs of the Lead Mines within the Wapentake of Wirksworth in the County of Derby by Edw. Manlow Esq 1653. DEVONSHIRE A Survey of Devonshire MS. by Thomas Risdon◠who dy'd An. 1636. Wood's Athenae Vol. 1. pag 516. Collections out of the Records Deeds c. belonging to the Church of Exeter MS. by Mr. Pasmor The Antiquities and Description of the City of Exeter by John Hooker 1584. The same Book reprinted in Holinshed's Chronicle Exeter described and illustrated by Mr. Isaaks Of a considerable Load-stone dug out of the ground in
Devonshire weighing 60 pound c. Philosoph Transact Numb 23. 1666. DVRHAM THe Antiquities of the Cathedral Church of Durham collected out of ancient Manuscripts about the time of the Suppression and publisht by Jo. Davies of Kidwelly 1672. The Legend of St. Cuthbert with the Antiquities of the Church of Durham by B. R. Esq 1663. A short Treatise of an ancient Fountain or Vitriolin-Spaw near the City of Durham by E. W. Dr. of Physick 1675. Large Collections relating to the Antiquities of this Bishoprick were made by Mr. Mickleton a very excellent Antiquary ESSEX THe History of Waltham-Abbey by Dr. Fuller then Curate there Lond. 1655. fol. Printed at the end of his Church-History Survey of the County of Essex in a thin Folio MS. by John Norden now in the Library of Sir Edmund Turner 'T is said that Mr. Strangman of Hadley-Castle in Suffolk hath written the Antiquities of Essex It still remains in Manuscript but in what hands I know not A Description of Harwich and Dover-Court by Silas Tailor MS. Mr. John Ouseley Rector of Pantfield a person admirably well verst in the History of our Nation has spent many years in collecting the Antiquities of this County wherein he has been very much assisted by that hopeful young Gentleman Mr. Nicholas Zeakill of Castle-Hedingham who freely communicated the Copies of many publick Records and 't is his request to all who are possest of any Papers relating to Essex that they would likewise please to communicate them It is not long before the World may expect the Work if it meet with that encouragement from the Gentry which an Undertaking of this Nature may justly require GLOCESTERSHIRE THe Laws and Customs of the Miners in the Forest of Dean in the County of Glocester Lond. 1687. 12o. Proposals for printing the Antiquities of Glocestershire were publisht An. 1683. by Mr. Abel Wantner Citizen of Glocester and inhabitant of Minchin-Hampton in the same County He had been twelve years in the collecting but not meeting I suppose with answerable encouragement the Book remains still in Manuscript Annalia Dubrensia upon the yearly celebration of Mr. Robert Dover's Olympick-Games upon Cotswold hills written by 33 of the best Poets of that time Publisht 1636. The Military Government of the City of Glocester by John Corbet Publisht 1651. Certain Speeches made upon the day of the yearly Election of the Officers of the City of Glocester publisht by Jo. Dorne Esq Town-Clerk of the said City An. 1653. Collections relating to the Antiquities of this County were made by Judge Hales which are now I think in Lincolns-Inn-Library London among his other Manuscripts A Description and Draught of Pen-park-hall by Sir Robert Southwell Philosoph Transact Numb 143. 1682 3. A strange and wonderful Discovery of Houses under ground at Cottons-field in Glocestershire HAMSHIRE THe Antiquities and Description of Winchester with an Historical Relation touching several memorable Occurrences relating to the same with a Preamble of the Original of Cities in general Folio MS. by Mr. Trussel A Treatise of the Antiquities of the same City is written by Dr. Bettes MS. Some Remarkables concerning the Monuments in the ancient City of Winchester by Mr. Butler of S. Edmonds-bury The Lieger-Book of S. Crosse MS. in Vellam in the hands of Henry Worsley of Lincolns-Inn Esq HERTFORDSHIRE THe Antiquities of this County are now prepared for the Press by Sir Henry Chancey Kt. Serjeant at Law HVNTINGDONSHIRE HUntingdon-Divertisement or an Interlude for the general Entertainment of the County-feast held at Merchant-Tailors-hall June 30. 1678. Sir Robert Cotton made some progress towards a Survey of this County KENT PErambulation of Kent by William Lambert of Lincolns-Inn Gent. Lond. 1576. 1596. c. A brief Survey of the County of Kent by Richard Kilbourn Lond. 1657. 1659. Philpot's Survey of Kent Another Survey of this County was writ by Mr. Norden and is still in Manuscript The Monuments in this County are collected by John Wever in his Funeral Monuments The History of Gavelkind or the Local Customs of Kent by Mr. Somner An. 1660. The Forts and Ports in Kent by Mr. Somner with the Life of the Author by Mr. Kennet Publish't by Mr. James Brome Oxon. 1693. The Antiquities of Canterbury by Mr. Somner 4o. 1640. Mr. Somner's Vindication of himself about building the Market-house at Canterbury His Treatise about the Fish-bones found in Kent 4o. The Chronicle of Rochester wrote by Edmund Bedenham MS. Textus Roffensis a very ancient MS. belonging to that Church See a more particular account of it in Dr. Hickes's Catalogue MSS. at the end of his Saxon-Grammar Descriptio Itineris Plantarum investigationis ergo suscepti in agrum Cantianum 1632. Survey of the Monastery of Feversham by Tho. Southouse Lond. 1671. 12o. A Philosophical and Medicinal Essay of the Waters of Tunbridge by P. Madan M. D. 1687. LANCASHIRE MAnner of making Salt of Sea-Sand in Lancashire Ray's Northern-words pag. 209. The state of this County in respect of Religion about the beginning of King James 1. by Mr. Urmston MS. in the hands of Thomas Brotherton of Heye Esq Holingsworth's History of Manchester MS. in the Library there Borlaces Latham-Spaw LEICESTERSHIRE THe Antiquities of Leicestershire by William Burton Esq Fol. 1622. The late learned Mr. Chetwind of Staffordshire had a Copy of this in his possession with considerable Additions under the Author 's own hand A brief Relation of the Dissolution of the Earth in the Forest of Charnwood in one sheet 1679. LINCOLNSHIRE SIr William Dugdale's History of Imbanking gives a large account of several Fenns and Marshes in this County The Survey and Antiquities of the Town of Stamford in this County by Richard Butcher Gent. Publisht 1646. A Relation of the great damages done by a Tempest and Overflowing of the Tides in Lincolnshire and Norfolk 1671. MIDDLESEX NOrden's Survey of Middlesex Fitz-Stephens Survey of London The Customs of London Londonopula by James Howel Fol. The present state of London by De Laund 8o. Domus Carthusiana or the Foundation of the Charter-house by Samuel Herne Lond. 1677. Stow's Survey of London 1598. The City-Law translated out of an ancient MS. and printed 1647. Descriptio Plantarum in Ericete Hampstedi per Tho. Johnson in 12o. 1632. The Kings Queens and Nobility buried in Westminster-Abbey 1603. by Mr. Camden The same enlarged by Henr. Keepe 8o. History of S. Paul's by Sir William Dugdale 1658. Fol. The third University of England viz. London being a Treatise of all the Foundations of Colleges Inns of Court c. by Sir George Buck. 1615. Origines Juridiciâ—les by Sir William Dugdale History of Tombs and Monuments in and about the City of London 1668. A Relation of the late dreadful Fire in London as it was reported to the Committee in Parliament 1667. Narrative of the Fire of London by Mr. Edward Waterhouse 1667. London King Charles's Augusta by Sylvanus Morgan A Poem 1648. Grant's Natural and Political Observations upon the Bills of
Mortality Foundation of the Hospitallers and Order of St. John of Jerusalem Fol. MONMOVTHSHIRE LAmentable News from Monmouthshire of the loss of 26 Parishes in a great Flood which hapn'd January 1607. Publish'd the same year The manner of the Wire-Works at Tinton in Monmouthshire Ray English words pag. 194. NORFOLK SEE Sir William Dugdale's History of Imbanking Of the lamentable Burning of East Derham in the County of Norfolk July 1. 1581. in verse black Letter publish'd 1582. History of the Norfolk-Rebels by Alexander Nevil a Kentish-man with the History of Norwich and a Catalogue of the Mayors Publish'd 1575. Norfolk's Furies or a View of Kitt's Camp with a table of the Mayors and Sheriffs of Norwich c. done out of Latin into English by R. W. 1615. The Antiquities of Norwich writ by Dr. Jo. Caius are mention'd by Dr. Fuller but still remain in Manuscript Norwich Monuments and Antiquities by Sir Thomas Brown M. D. a Manuscript in the hands of the learned Dr. More the present Bishop of Norwich Nashe's Lent-Stuff containing an account of the growth of Great Yarmouth with a Play in praise of Red-herring Publish'd 1599. A description of the town of Great Yarmouth with a Survey of Little Yarmouth incorporated with the Great c. in a sheet A Survey of Norfolk was taken by Sir Henry Spelman Knight in Latin and is still in Manuscript in the Bodleian-Library at Oxon. A relation of the damages done by a tempest and overflowing of the Tyde upon the coasts of Norfolk and Lincolnshire The West prospect of Linn-Regis a sheet Urn-burial or a discourse of the Sepulchral Urns lately found in Norfolk by Sir Thomas Brown 1669. Mercurius Centralis or a Discourse of Subterraneal Cockle Muscle and Oyster-shells found in digging of a Well at Sir William Doylie's in Norfolk by Tho. Lawrence A. M. in a Letter to Sir Tho. Browne 1664. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE HIstory of the Cathedral Church of Peterburrow by Simon Gunter Prebendary Publish'd with a large Appendix by Simon Patrick D. D. then Dean of this Church and now Bishop of Ely Fol. 1685. The Fall and Funeral of Northampton in an Elegy first publish'd in Latin since made English with some variations and addititions and publish'd An. 1677. The state of Northampton from the beginning of the Fire Sept. 20. 1675. to Nov. 5. in a Letter to a Friend 1675. Names of the Hides in Northamptonshire by Francis Tate MS. Wood's Athenae Vol. 1. p. 349. A Survey of this County is said to have been intended by Mr. Augustin Vincent Wood's Athenae vol. 1. p. 349. NORTHVMBERLAND A Chorographical Survey of Newcastle upon Tine by ..... Grey An. 1649. England's Grievances in relation to the Cole-trade with a Map of the river of Tine and the situation of the town and corporation of New-castle 1655. A Survey of the river Tine grav'd by Fathorne The Antiquities of the ancient Kingdom of Northumberland are now ready for the Press compil'd by Mr. Nicolson Archdeacon of Carlisle who designs shortly to publish the Book under this Title Norðanhymbraric or a description of the ancient Kingdom of Northumberland The work will consist of eight parts whereof he stiles the I. Northanhymbria or an account of the Bounds and natural History of the Country II. Northanhymbri the Original Language Manners and Government of the People III. Annales the Succession and History of the several Dukes Kings and Earls from the first institution of the Government down to the Conquest IV. Ecclesiastica Religious Rites observ'd by the Pagan Inhabitants before the establishment of Christianity together with the state of the Church and the succession of Bishops in it afterwards V. Literae Literati the state of Learning with a Catalogue of the Writers VI. Villare the Cities Towns Villages and other places of note in an Alphabetical Catalogue VII Monumenta Danica Danish Remains in the Language Temples Courts of Judicature Runic Inscriptions c. To the whole will be prefix'd a Prefatory Discourse of the condition these parts of the Isle were in upon and some time before the coming in of the Saxons wherein notice will be taken of many pieces of Brittish and Roman Antiquities never yet observ'd Large Collections have been made by Sir Robert Shafto relating to the Antiquities of the County of Northumberland Mr. Clavering of Callaly a very knowing Antiquary has also done great service to his native Country in this kind NOTTINGHAMSHIRE THE Antiquities of the County of Nottingham by Dr. Robert Thoroton OXFORDSHIRE MAnuscript History of Alchester in the hands of Mr. Blackwell History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford by Anthony à Wood fol. Twine's Vindication of the Antiquity of the University of Oxford Natural History of Oxfordshire by Dr. Robert Plot folio Survey of Woodstock by Mr. Widows Athen. Oxon. vol. 2. p. 119. Parochial Antiquities or the History of Ambrosden Burcester and other adjacent Towns and Villages in the North-east parts of the County of Oxford delivering the general Remains of the British Roman and Saxon Ages and a more particular account of English Memoirs reduc'd into Annals from 1 Will. Conq. to 1 Edw. 4. with several Sculptures of ancient and modern Curiosities 4o. By the Reverend Mr. White Kennet B. D. An account of an Earthquake in Oxfordshire Philosoph Transact Num. 10. p. 166. Num. 11. p. 180. A Relation of an Accident by Thunder and Lightning in Oxford Philosoph Transact Num. 13. pag. 215. RVTLANDSHIRE ANtiquities of Rutlandshire by Mr. Wright Folio SOMERSETSHIRE THE ancient Laws Customs and Orders of the Miners in the King's Forest of Mendipp in the County of Somerset London 1687. 12o. Proposals for a Natural History of Somersetshire have been publish'd by Mr. John Beaumont A Letter from Mr. Beaumont giving an account of Ookey-hole and other subterraneous Grotto's in Mendip-hills Philosoph Transact 1681. Num. 2. Ookey-hole describ'd An. 1632. Thermae Redivivae by Mr. John Chapman 1673. with an Appendix of Coriat's Rhimes of the Antiquities of the Bath Johnson in his Mercurius Britannicus hath given an account of the Antiquities of the Bath with a ground-plot of the City A Discourse of the several Bathes and hot waters at the Bath with the Lives and Characters of the Physicians that have liv'd and practis'd there Together with an Enquiry into the Nature of S. Vincent's Rock near Bristol and that of Castle Cary by Dr. Thomas Guidot Enlarg'd by the same hand with the addition of several Antiquities 1691. The Antiquities of the City of Bath collected in Latin by the same Author MS. STAFFORDSHIRE NAtural History of Staffordshire by Dr. Robert Plot. Fol. Genealogies of the Nobility and Gentry in this County MS. written by Mr. Erdswick and now in the collection of Walter Chetwind Esq who very much improv'd it SVFFOLK AN account of some Saxon Coins found in Suffolk Philosoph Transact Num. 189. 1687. WARWICKSHIRE THE Antiquities of Warwickshire by Sir William Dugdale WESTMORLAND THE Antiquities of Westmorland collected by Mr. Thomas Machel of
invention And a little after Besides in that book of his which he entitles The History of the Britains how sawcily and bare-facedly he forges every thing is obvious to any one who reads it not altogether a stranger to the antient histories For such men as have not informed themselves of the truth swallow all Fables that come to hand by the lump I say nothing of those great adventures of the Britains before Julius Caesar's landing and government which he either feigned himself or handed down the fabulous inventions of others as authentick Insomuch that Giraldus Cambrensis Dâ—script Cambr. c. 7. who lived and wrote in the same age made no scruple to call it The Fabulous History of Geoffry Others deride Geoffry's foolish Topography in this narration and his counterfeited testimony of Homer and would persuade us that the whole story is a thing patched up of meer incongruities and absurdities They remark farther that these his writings together with his Merlin stand condemned among other prohibited books by the Church of Rome Others observe that the greatest admirers of this our Brutus are themselves still wavering and unresolved in the point That Author say they who takes upon him the name and title of Gildas and briefly glosseth upon Ninius in the first place imagineth this our Brutus to have been a Roman Consul in the next to have been the son of one Silvius and then at last of one Hessicion I have heard also that there is a certain Count Palatine very earnest to have our Brutus called Brotus because his birth was fatal to his mother 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek signifying mortal In the judgment of others these men might have bestowed on the Britains a more probable and yet a more illustrious original if they had drawn their descent either from Brito the Centaure mentioned by Higinus or from that Bretanus upon whose daughter Celtice according to Parthenius Nicaeus a very antient author Hercules begat Celtus the father of the Celtae and from which Bretanus Hesychius deriveth the word Britain Bretanus Thus I have laid before you the observations and opinions of other men upon this subject If I have any ways impaired the credit of that history concerning Brutus no man can reasonably quarrel with me for I hope in matters of this nature every man may be allowed the liberty of his own thoughts and of publishing those of other men For my part it shall never trouble me if Brutus pass current for the father and founder of the British Nation Let the Britains descent stand good as they deduce it from the Trojans I shall never contradict it nay I shall shew you hereafter how with truth it may be maintained I am not ignorant that in old time Nations had recourse to Hercules Lâ—vy in later ages to the Trojans for their originals And let antiquity herein be pardoned if she sometimes disguise the truth with the mixture of a fable and bring in the Gods themselves to act a part when she design'd thereby to render the beginnings either of a city or of a nation more noble and majestical For Pliny well observes That even falsly to pretend to a descent from illustrious persons argues some respect for vertue And for my part I readily agree with Varro the most learned of the Romans That these originals fetched from the Gods though in themselves false yet are at least thus far useful that men presuming upon a divine extraction may thereby be excited to generous enterprises and pursue them with a more than ordinary eagerness which makes them seldom fail of extraordinary success Augustin at Civitat Dei li. 3. c. 4. From which words by the way St. Austin gathers that the most learned Varro was inclined to think that all such opinions were really grounldess though he did not openly and expresly own it Since therefore men are not yet agreed either concerning the notion of the name or concerning the first Inhabitants of Britain and whether as to these points the truth will ever hereafter be more clearly discovered now it hath lain so long and so deeply buried I must declare my self extreamly doubtful I hope the reader will be inclineable to excuse me too if I modestly interpose my own conjecture without any prejudice to or against any person not in a contentious humour but as becomes a man that pretends only to discover truth which I am now doing with such a dis-interested zeal that even the just apprehensions of censure could not persuade me to desist Now that I may with the more ease and success discover the reason of this name if possible I will in the first place endeavour to find out as well as I can who were the first Inhabitants of this Island Though indeed these first Planters lye so close in the most hidden retirements of Antiquity as in some thick grove that there is but very small or no hopes of ever retrieving by my diligence what hath for so many ages past lain buried in oblivion To run up our enquiries therefore as high as we can omitting Caesar Diodorus and other writers who will have the Britains to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Aborigines home-bred and never transported from any other place imagining that mankind at first sprung out of the earth like mushromes we are informed by Moses in the sacred History that after the Flood the three Sons of Noah Shem Ham and Japhet after their issue were multiplied to a great number left the mountains of Armenia where the Ark had rested separating themselves into the several quarters of the earth and that by them the whole world was peopled It may also farther be proved as well by reason as by the authority of Theophilus Antiochenus that when their families came to be dispersed abroad by little and little some of their posterity at last arrived in this our Island Whereas says he in old time there were but few men in Arabia and Chaldea after the division of tongues they more and more encreased Hereupon some took their way toward the East others to other parts of the great and wide Continent others traveling towards the North seeking a place where to settle still marched on taking possession of all that lay before them untill they came at last even to Britain seated in the northern climates Moses himself doth also expresly assert the same when he informs us that the Islands of the Gentiles were divided in their lands by the posterity of Japhet The Islands of the Genttiles Divines do interpret to be those which lay farthest off and Wolphgangus Musculus a Divine of considerable repute is of opinion that the nations and families which descended from Japhet were the first possessors of the European Islands such as are saith he England Sicily c. Now that Europe fell to the share of Japhet and his posterity besides Divines Josephus and other Authors have delivered as their opinion To which purpose Isidore cites
as were design'd for a march and imagining that this had won the favour of the Gods they immediately set to sea and fell to their oars There was another way the Danes had of appealing their Gods or rather of running into most detestable superstition which Ditmarus a Bishop and an author of somewhat greater antiquity than Dudo thus describes Lib. 1. But because I have heard strange things of the ancient sacrifices of the * North-mannâ— Normans and Danes I would not willingly pass them over There is a place in those parts the capital city of that Kingdom call'd Lederun in the province of Selon There they meet once every nine years in January a little after our Twelfth-day and offer to their Gods 99 men and as many horses with dogs and cocks for hawks being fully perswaded as I observ'd before that these things were most acceptable to them About the time of King Egbert The Danish pâ—â—â—ders in the 800 year of Christ they first disturb'd our coasts afterwards making havock of every thing and plundering over all England they destroy'd Cities burnt Churches wasted the lands and with a most barbarous cruelty drove all before them ransacking and over-turning every thing They murder'd the Kings of the Mercians and East-Angels and then took possession of their kingdoms with a great part of that of Northumberland To put a stop to these outrages a heavy tax was impos'd upon the miserable Inhabitants called b i.e. a certain sum paid to the Danes from the Saxon Gyldan to pay and thence our Yield Dangelt Dangelt the nature whereof this passage taken out of our old Laws does fully discover The Pirates gave first occasion to the paying Danigeld For they made such havock of this nation that they seem'd to aim at nothing but its utter ruine And to suppress their insolence it was enacted that Danigeld should yearly be paid which was twelve pence for every hide of land in the whole nation to maintain so many forces as might withstand the Incursions of the Pirates All Churches were exempt from this Danigeld nor did any land in the immediate possession of the Church contribute any thing because they put more confidence in the prayers of the Church than the defence of arms But when they came to dispute the cause with Alfred King of the West-Saxons he what by retreats and what by attacks did not only by force of arms drive them out of his own territories but likewise slew the Deputy-Governor of the Mercians and in a manner clear'd all Mercia of them And his son Edward the Elder prosecuting his Father's conquests recover'd the Country of the East-Angles from the Danes as Athelstan his spurious son to crown their victories after a great slaughter of them subdu'd the Kingdom of Northumberland and by his vigorous pursuit put the Danes into such a fright that part of them quitted the kingdom and the rest surrendred themselves By the courage of those Princes was England deliver'd out of that gulph of miseries and had a respite of 50 years from that bloody war But after Aethelred a man of a cowardly spirit came to the Crown the Danes raising fresh hopes out of his dullness renew'd the war and made havock of the nation till the English were forc'd to purchase a Peace with annual contributions And so insolently did they behave themselves that the English form'd a Plot and in one night slew all the Danes through the whole nation to a man imagining that so much blood would quench the flaming fury of that people and yet as it happen'd it did but add more fuel to it For Sueno King of the Danes incens'd by that general massacre invaded England with a powerful army and push'd forwards by an enraged spirit put Ethelred to flight conquer'd the whole nation and left it to his son * Cnut in the Coins Canutus He after a long war with Ethelred who was then return'd and his son Edmond sirnam'd Ironside but without any decisive battle The Danes infested England 200 years reign'd about 20. was succeeded by his two sons Harald his spurious one and Canutus the Bold After the death of these the Danish yoke was shaken off and the government return'd to the English For Edward whose sanctity gain'd him the name of Confessor Edward the Confessor the son of Ethelred by a second wife recover'd the Regal Dignity England now began to revive but presently as the Poet says Mores rebus cessêre secundis The loads of Fortune sunk them into vice The Clergy were idle drousie and ignorant the Laity gave themselves over to luxury and a loose way of living all discipline was laid aside the State like a distemper'd body was consum'd with all sorts of vice but Pride that forerunner of destruction had of all others made the greatest progress And as Gervasius Dorobernensis observes of those times They ran so headlong upon wickedness that 't was look'd upon as a crime to be ignorant of crimes All these things plainly tended to ruine The English at that time says William of Malmesbury us'd cloaths that did not reach beyond the middle of the knee their heads were shorn their beards shaven only the upper lip was always let grow to its full length Their arms were even loaded with golden bracelets and their skin all set with painted marks The Clergy were content with a superficial sort of learning and had much ado to hammer cut the words of the Sacraments The NORMANS AS in former ages the Franks first and afterwards the Saxons coming out of that East-Coast of Germany as it lies from us I mean the more Northerly parts of it plagu'd France and Britain with their Piracies and at last became masters the Franks of France and the Saxons of Britain so in succeeding times the Danes first and then the Normans follow'd the same method came from the same Coast and had the same success As if providence had so order'd it that those parts should constantly produce and send out a set of men to make havock of France and Britain and establish new kingdoms in them They had their name from the Northern parts from whence they came â—d â—nt for Nordmanni signifies no more than Northern men in which sense they are likewise term'd c From the Saxon Leod a people or nation Nordleudi â—dâ—â—i â—molâ— i.e. Northern people as being the flower of the Norwegians Suedes and Danes In the time of Charles the Great they carry'd on their trade of Piracies in such a barbarous manner both in Friseland England Holland Ireland and France that that Prince when he saw their vessels in the Mediterranean cry'd out with a deep sigh and tears in his eyes How am I troubl'd that they should venture upon this coast â—r Sanâ— de Geâ— Caroâ—â—agni even while I am living I plainly foresee what a plague they are like to prove to my successors And in the publick Prayers and
now the Isc is grown bigger but dividing into many streams very convenient for mills it flows to the City Isca to which it leaves it's name Hence n He was once Prior of S. Nicholas in this City Alexander Necham Exoniae fama celeberrimus Iscia nomen Praebuit To Exeter the famous Ex gives name This city is call'd Isca by Ptolemy by Antoninus Isca Dunmoniorum for Danmoniorum Isca Danmoniorum Excester by others falsly Augusta as if the second Legion Augusta had quarter'd there whereas that was garrison'd in the Isca Silurum as shall be said hereafter It was nam'd by the Saxons o And Eaxan-ceaster Exan-ceaster and Monketon from the monks now at this day it is called Excester by the Latins Exonia by the Welsh Caer-isk Caer-uth and Pen-caer that is a chief city Caer what it signifies For Caer that I may once for all note it signifies a City in British hence they call Jerusalem Caer Salem Paris Caer Paris Rome Caer Ruffayne So Carthage in the Punick tongue as Solinus testifies was call'd Cartheia that is to say a new City Among the Syrians likewise I have heard that Caer signify'd a city and seeing it is took for granted that the whole world has been peopl'd by them it may seem very probable that they also left their tongue to posterity as the mother of future languages This city as Malmesbury says tho' the ground about it be wet and filthy and will scarce bear a crop of bad oats and often yielding empty ears without grain in them yet by reason of it's stateliness the richness of the citizens and resort of Strangers all kind of merchandise is so plentiful in it that one need lack nothing there that is necessary It stands on the east side of the Isc upon a hill of easie and gentle rise to the eastward and falling again to the west encompass'd with a ditch and very strong walls having many towers between them The town is a mile and half in circuit with suburbs shooting out here and there for a long way It contains p Thirteen of these Churches were in Oliver's time expos'd to publick sale by the Common-cryer 15 Parish-Churches and in the highest part near the East-gate has a castle call'd Rugemount formerly the seat of the West-Saxon Kings afterward of the Earls of Cornwall which now has nothing to recommend it but its antiquity and situation q It is suppos'd to have been the work of the Romans and as a place of great moment it has been committed from time to time to persons of the best rank For it commands the city underneath it and the country on all sides and has a very pleasant prospect to the sea In the east part of the city stands the Cathedral in the midst of fine houses quite round built by King Athelstan as the private history of this place witnesses in honour to S. Peter and fill'd with Monks at last the Monks being remov'd to Westminster Edward 3. grac'd it with the dignity of being an Episcopal See having transferr'd the Bishopricks of Cornwall and Kirton hither and made Leofric the Britain first Bishop of it whose successors have improv'd the Church both by buildings and revenues n And William Bruier the ninth Bishop after him in lieu of the displac'd Monks brought in a Dean and twenty four Prebendaries Josephus Iscanus In that age flourish'd Josephus Iscanus who owes his birth and name to this place a Poet of very lively wit whose pieces were so highly approv'd of that they met with as much applause even as the ancients For his poem of the Trojan war haâ— been twice publish'd in Germany under the title of Cornelius Nepos Cornelius Nepos When Isca first fell under the Roman Jurisdiction does not plainly appear I am so far from thinking it conquer'd by Vespasian as Geoffery of Monmouth asserts when under Claudius the Emperour Suetonius tells us he was first shown to the world that I should think it was hardly then built Yet in the time of the Antonines it was probably very famous for Antoninus continues his Itinerary in these parts to this City and no farther It fell not absolutely under the dominion of the Saxons before the year after their coming into Britain 465. Will. Malm. For then Athelstan forc'd the Britains who before that liv'd in the city in equal power with the Saxons out of it drove them beyond Tamar and encompass'd the city with a ditch a wall of square stone and bulwarks since that time our Kings have granted it many privileges and among the rest as we read it in the Book of William the Conqueror This city did not geld but when London York and Winchester did that was half a mark of silver for a Knight's fee. And in case of an expedition by land or sea it serv'd after the rate of five hides It hath also from time to time undergone much misery once spoil'd by an out-rage of the Danes in the year of our redemption 875 but most dismally by Sueno the Dane in the year 1003 being betray'd by one Hugh a Norman the governour of the city when it was laid level from the east to the west-gate and had scarce begun to recruit till William the Conqueror laid close siege to it at which time the Citizens not only shut up their gates against him but gall'd him with many bitter reflections however a part of their wall happening to fall down which the Historians of that age attribute to the hands of Providence a surrender soon follow'd at this time as it is in the said Survey-book the King had in this city 300 houses it paid 15 pounds a year Eight and forty houses were destroy'd after the King came into England After this it was press'd by three sieges yet easily escap'd them all First by Hugh Courtney Earl of Devonshire in the civil war between the houses of York and Lancaster again by r After Warbeck was vanquish'd the King gave great commendations to the citizens and bestow'd upon them the sword he then wore to be born before the Mayor and also a cap of maintenance Perkin Warbeck a sham and counterfeit prince who being a young man and of mean descent by pretending to be Richard Duke of York the second son of K. Edward 4. rais'd a very dangerous war 5 Against Henry the Seventh thirdly by the seditious Cornish in the year 1549. when the citizens tho' under a most sad want of all sorts of provisions continu'd loyal till John Baron Russel rais'd the siege Å¿ For this deliverance the 6th of August was appointed to be and is still annually observ'd as a day of thanksgiving and commonly call'd Jesus-day K. Edw. 6. as a reward of their loyalty gave them the rich mannour of Ex-Island But Exeter has not suffer'd so much by these enemies as by certain heaps Wears as they call them t His name was Hugh Courtney and the true
by inheritance descended from them to the Powletts Not far from whence is Witham where K. Hen. 3. built a Nunnery 35 Which afterwards was the first house and as it were another to the Carthusians or Charter-house-Monks in England as Hinton not far off near Farley-castle was the second And now Frome encreas'd by some little rivers out of this wood joyns it self to the noble river Avon which with an oblique course presently runs to that ancient City â—e from the baths call'd by Ptolemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. Hot waters and by Antoninus Waters of the Sun â—ae solis by the Britains Yr ennaint Twymin as also Caer Badon and by the Saxons Baþancester hat Baþan and for the concourse of sick people Å¿ The ancient Annals call it Ace-mannes-ceaster and Florence of Worcester Aâ—amanni civitas Ackmanchester as much as a City of Valetudinarians â—â—â—biâ— Stephanus calls it Badiza we at this day Bathe and in Latin Bathonia It lies low in a plain not very large and is as it were fortify'd on every side with hills of an equal height which send down many springs to the great advantage of the citizens 〈◊〉 baths In the city it self arise three t The heat of these is thought by some to be owing to the Sun which seems to be an unaccountable opinion as that of others referring it to the agitation of the wind The learned Selden in his notes upon Drayton affirms it to be owing to the passage through metallick bituminous and sulphureous veins or rather a real subterranean fire See pag. 52. hot springs of a blewish and sea-colour which exhale a thin sort of mist and something of â—aphitis an ill savour proceeding from corrupt water mix'd with earth and brimstone for the water it self has a sulphur and bituminous matter incorporated with it They are an effectual remedy to such bodies as by reason of ill humours are dull and heavy for by virtue of their heat they cause sweating and by that means the career of the humour is curb'd But it is not at all hours they are wholsom for from eight in the morning till three in the afternoon they are extream hot and boyl up violently by which they are mudded and throw up a filthy sort of stuff from the bottom so that at these times they are shut up nor does any one go into them till by their sluces they have eas'd themselves of that stuff and are purg'd n Of these three that which is call'd The Cross-bath because of a Cross formerly erected in the middle of it is very easie and moderately warm Upon the side of it are 12 stone-seats o and it is enclos'd with a wall The second scarce 200 foot distant is much hotter whereupon t is call'd Whotbath or Hot-bath Near these two is a Hospital built by Reginald Bishop of Bathe to relieve the necessities of sick people and in the midâ—le are two streets towards the west-part of the City The third which is largest is in the very heart of the City and is call'd the King 's or Royal bath it is near the Cathedral Church and enclos'd also with a wall It is accommodated with 32 seats arch'd over wherein the men and women sit apart and both of them when they go into the water put on linnen drawers 36 And have their guides Where now the Cathedral Church stands is formerly reported to have been a Temple dedicated to Minerva Temple of Minerva 'T is without all doubt that Solinus Polyhistor means these baths when he says In Britain there are hot springs richly accommodated with all conveniencies for the service of mankind their tutelar Deity is Minerva in whose Temple those perpetual fires never turn to embers but when they go out are converted into round pieces of hard stone Notwithstanding which Athenaeus affirms that all hot baths naturally springing out of the earth u 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Diogeniano Cent. 5. are sacred to Hercules and indeed amongst other old monuments almost quite defac'd by age there is here upon the walls something of an ancient image of Hercules holding a Serpent in his hand But rather than any difference should arise upon this we are willing to grant that baths were dedicated both to Hercules and Minerva For the Greeks have told us that Minerva was the first who furnish'd Hercules with a bath after he had gone through his labours I am content if thus much may be allow'd me upon Solinus's authority that since Minerva was the tutelar Goddess of those springs this must be the same city which the Britains call'd Caer Palladdur Caer-Palladur that is in latin Urbs Palladiae aquae or the city of Pallas's water For the thing name and meaning do exactly agree The finding of these springs is by our own traditions referr'd to a British King call'd Bleyden w The word in British is doyth or doeth Cloyth i.e. Bleyden the southsayer with what show of truth I leave to others However Britains very skilful in Art-Magick Pliny assures us that this Art-Magick was in such wonderful esteem among the Britains that they seem even to have given it to the Persians but as to these baths I dare not attribute their original to that art Some of our own nation too supinely affirm that Julius Caesar was the inventor But I cannot but think that it was late before the Romans came to know them since Solinus is the first that makes any mention of them The Saxons indeed about the 44th year after their landing in Britain by a breach of Articles renewing the war laid siege to this city p but being surpriz'd by the warlike Arthur they betook themselves to Badon-hill Badon-hill where tho' in a desperate condition they fought it out and were slain in great numbers This seems to be the same hill with that we now call Bannesdown hanging over a little village near the city nam'd Bathstone and showing at this day it's bulwarks and a rampire I know there are some who seek for it in Yorkshire but let Gildas himself restore it to this place For in an old Manuscript-Copy of him in the Cambridge-Library where he treats of the victory of Aurelius Ambrosius he says To the year of Badon-hill siege which is not far from the mouth of Severn But if this will not convince them let them understand farther that the adjoyning vale lying along the river Avon for a great way together is call'd in British Nant-Badon i.e. the vale of Badon and where to seek Badon-hill but near Badon-valley I cannot tell For a long time after this the Saxons frighted from making any more attempts upon this City left it quiet to the Britains But in the year of Christ 577. after x His right name is Ceawlin and so our best Historians call him Cewalin King of the West-Saxons had defeated the Britains at Deorham 37 In Glocestershire
belong'd to Nigel Kyre pp Next is Ricot Ricot which still continues in the family of the Norris's and is now part of the possession of the right honourable James Earl of Abingdon who had that honour conferr'd upon him Novemb. 29. 1682. and having marry'd Eleanora one of the daughters and coheirs of Sir Henry Lee Baronet by her has issue his eldest son and heir apparent Mountague Lord Norris who has marry'd the heiress to the family and estate of the ancient and honourable Venables Barons of Kenderton qq South and by West of Dorchester are two banks with a trench between them therefore call'd Dike-hills * Pag. 322. which in the opinion of Dr. Plot cannot be part of any Roman way because extended only as a string to the great bow of the river Thames but rather a fortification such as P. Ostorius is said by Tacitus to have rais'd on the rivers Antona and Sabrina or else some of the out-works of the fortifications on Long Witenham-hill on the other side the water which perhaps was the Sinnodunum of the ancient Britains So he rr Not far from hence is Ewelme Ewelme the Rectory whereof with a Canonâ—y of Christ-Church King James 1. in the third year of his reign annex'd to the office of Regius-Professor of Divinity in Oxford as he did at the same time the government of the Hospital here to that of Professor in Physick Which Prince however represented as of a mean spirit for his inclinations to peace was yet one of the highest patrons to learning and the greatest Benefactor to this University and deserves to have his memory vindicated from the common aspersions cast upon it by men of ignorance and men of arms ss Then the Thames runs forward to Henley Henley which Dr. Plot takes to be the ancientest town in the whole County so call'd says he from the British Hen which signifies old and Lley a place and perhaps might be the head town of the People call'd Ancalites that revolted to Caesar tt At some distance is Watlington Watlington which by the name one would imagine to be of no less than British Antiquity Plot. p 332 as seeming to point out to us * the old way of making their towns or cities an account whereof Strabo has left us viz. Groves fenc'd about with trees cut down and laid cross one another within which they built them sheds for both themselves and Cattel The same way of fencing the Saxons call'd Watelas hurdles or wattles from whence the town probably enough might have its name Continuation of the EARLS Henry the last Earl mention'd by our Author marry'd Diana second daughter to William Cecil Earl of Exeter and dy'd at the siege of Breda An. 1625. without issue Upon which Robert Vere son and heir of Hugh son and heir of Aubry de Vere second son of Earl John the fifth was in the Parliament held at Westminster An. 2 Car. 1. restor'd to this title of Earl of Oxford who taking to wife Beatrix van Hemmema of Friezland had issue by her Aubrey the present Earl Knight of the most noble Order of the Garter who marry'd Diana daughter to George Kirk Esq but by her has no issue More rare Plants growing wild in Oxfordshire Anagallis foemina flore coeruleo Female or Blew-flower'd Pimpernel At Battle near Oxford Park p. 554. Arundo vallatoria foliis ex luteo variegatis Painted or gilded Reed Found by Mr. Bobert in the river Thames not far from Oxford Though it be but an accidental variety it deserves to be mention'd being very ornamental in gardens Atriplex vulgaris sinuata spicata D. Plot. Hist. nat Oxon. It is found commonly on Dunghils growing together with Goose-foot Orache Geranium Columbinum maximum foliis dissectis D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. columbinum majus foliis imis longis usque ad pediculum divisis Moris hist The greatest Doves-foot Cranes-bill with dissected leaves In hedges about Marston and on that part of Botley causey next Oxford in great plenty Gramen caninum aristatum radice non repente sylvaticum Dogs-grass with awns Found plentifully growing in Stoken-Church woods Mr. Bobert Gramen Secalinum majus Sylvaticum Gr. secalinum majus Park an Gr. hordeaceum montanum sive majus C. B. Wild Rye grass of the woods In Stoken-Church woods also Idem Gramen cyperiodes minimum Ranunculi capitulo rotundo Cyperus-grass with a round Crowfoot-head Frequently found on the bogs on the west side of Oxford Idem Gramen bromoides maximum hirtum Park Festuca graminea perennis hirsuta gluma longiore dumetorum spicâ divisâ In Godstow copse near Oxford Idem Helleborine flore albo vel Damasonium montanum latifolium C B. Ger. Damasonium Alpinum seu Elleborine floribus albis J. B. Elleborine minor flore albo Park White-flower'd Bastard-Hellebore In the woods near Stoken-Church not far from the way leading from Oxford to Lnod Hordeum nudum seu Gymnocrithon J. B. Zeopyron sive Tritico-speltum C. B. Park Hordeum nudum Ger. cujus figura huic plantae minimè respondet Naked Barley It is sown in the fields about Islip in Oxfordshire and other places It is really a species of wheat and no Barley only its ear resembles the Hordeum dystichum Orobanche Verbasculi odore D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Birds-nest smelling like Primrose-roots At the bottoms o trees in the woods near Stoken church Saxifraga Anglica annua Alsines folio D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Annual Pearl-wort In the walks of Baliol-College gardens and on the fallow-fields about Hedington and Cowley plentifully and in many other places Stachys Fuchsii J. B. Ger. major Germanica C. B. Park Base Hore-hound Nigh Witney-park in Oxfordshire and thereabouts plentifully Tilia foliis molliter hirsutis viminibus rubris fructu tetragono 'T is known by the name of the red Lime and grows naturally in Stoken-Church woods Mr. Bobert Tormentilla reptans alata foliis profundiùs serratis Pentaphyllum minus viride flore aureo tetrapetalo radiculas in terram è geniculis demittens Moris Hist Creeping Tormentil with deeply indented leaves In the borders of the corn-fields between Hockley and Shotover-woods and elsewhere Triticum spica multiplici C. B. Ger. Park Many-eared wheat It hath been sown about Biceter and Weston on the green Viola Martia hirsuta major in odora D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Moris hist. Trachelii folio D. Merret Violet with Throatwort-leaves In Magdalen-college-Cops Shotover-hills Stow-wood and many other places plentifully It is found in most Countries Viola palustris rotundifolia D. Plot. Hist nat Oxon. Round-leaved Marsh-violet In the bogs about Stow-wood and on the banks of Cherwell between Oxford and Water-Eyton but sparingly Clematis Daphnoides major C. B. Daphnoid latifolia seu Vinca pervinca major Park The greater Periwinkle In the high-ways between Wolverton and Yarnton and in several hedges thereabout I am not yet fully satisfied that this is a native of England though it be found in the places mentioned
springeth out of a pond vulgarly call'd Brown's-well for Brent-well that is in old English Frog-well passeth down between Hendon which Archbishop Dunstan born for the advancement of Monks purchased for some few gold Bizantines which were imperial pieces of gold coined at Byzantium or Constantinople and gave to the Monks of St. Peter of Westminster And Hampsted-hill from whence you have a most pleasant prospect to the most beautiful City of London and the lovely Country about it Over which the ancient Roman military way led to Verulam or St. Albans by Edgworth and not by High-gate as now which new way was opened by the Bishops of London about some 300 years since But to return Brent into whom all the small rivers of these parts resort runneth on by Brent-street an Hamlet to which it imparted its name watreth Hangerwood Hanwell Oiâ—terley-Park where Sir Thomas Gresham built a fair large house and so near her fall into the Thames giveth name to Brentford a fair thorough-fare and frequent Market Hard by is Brentford Brentford which receiv'd that name from the little river Brent where Edmund Ironside after he had oblig'd the Danes to draw off from the siege of London did so attack them as to force 'em to a disorderly flight wherein he kill'd great numbers of them From Stanes thus far all between the high-road along Hounslow and the Thames was call'd the Forrest or Warren of Stanes till Henry 3. as we read in his Charter deforrested and dewarren'd it Then 8 To the Thames side I saw Fulham Fulham in Saxon Fullonham i.e. a house of fowle which receives its greatest honour from the Bishop of London's Country-house 9 Standing there conveniently not far from the City albeit not so healthfully f And Chelsey Chelsey as if one should say Shelfsey so call'd from a bed of Sands in the river Thames 10 As some suppose but in Records 't is nam'd Chelche-hith adorn'd with stately buildings by Henry 8. William Powlett Marquess of Winchester and others g But amongst these London which is as it were the Epitome of all Britain the Seat of the British Empire and the †Camera Residence of the Kings of England is to use the Poet's comparison as much above the rest as the Cypress is above the little sprig Tacitus Ptolemy and Antoninus call it Londinium and Longidinium Ammianus Lundinum and Augusta Stephanus in his book of Cities 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 our British Lundayn the old Saxons Londen-ceaster Londen-byrig Londen-pyc foreigners Londra and Londres our own nation London London the fabulous Writers Troja Nova Dinas Belin i.e. the city of Belin and Caer Lud from one King Luddus whom they affirm to have given it both being and name But as for those new-broach'd names and originals as also Erasmus's conjecture that it came from Lindum a city of Rhodes I leave 'em to those that are inclin'd to admire them For my own part since Caesar and Strabo have told me British Towns that the ancient Britains call'd such woods or groves as they fenc'd with trees they had cut down Cities or Towns and since I have been inform'd that in British they call such places Llhwn I am almost of this opinion that London is by way of eminence simply call'd a City or a City in a wood But if that do not hit give me leave without the charge of inconstancy 11 While I disport in conjecture to guess once more that it might have it's name from the same original that it had it's growth and glory I mean Ships call'd by the British Lhong so that London is as much as a Harbour or City of Ships For the Britains term a City Dinas Dinas which the Latins turn'd into Dinum Upon which account it is call'd in one place Longidinium and in a * Naenia Song of an ancient British Bard Lhongporth i.e. a port or harbour for Ships And by the same word Bologne in France in Ptolemy Gessoriacum Navale is turn'd by the British Glossary Bolung Long. For several cities have had their names from shipping as Naupactus Naustathmos Nauplia Navalia Augusti c. None of which can lay better claim to the name of an harbour than our London For 't is admirably accommodated with both Elements standing in a fruitful soil abounding with every thing seated upon a gentle ascent and upon the river Thames which without trouble or difficulty brings it in the riches of the world For by the convenience of the tide coming in at set hours with the safety and depth of the river which brings up the largest vessels it daily heaps in so much wealth both from East and West that it may at this day dispute the preheminence with all the Mart-towns in Christendom Moreover it is such a sure and complete station for ships that one may term it a grov'd wood so shaded is it with masts and sails h Antiquity has told us nothing of the first Founder as indeed Cities growing up by little and little but seldom know their original Notwithstanding this among others has fabulously deriv'd it self from the Trojans and is persuaded that Brute ‖ Abnepos second Nephew to the famous Aeneas was it's Founder But whoever built it the growth of it may convince 't was begun with a †Vitali genio lucky omen 12 Marked for life and long continuance and Ammianus Marcellinus has taught us to pay it a veneration upon account of it's Antiquity when even in his time which is twelve hundred years ago he calls it an ancient town And agreeably Cornelius Tacitus who flourish'd under Nero 13 1540. years since has told us that then 't was a place exceeding famous for the number of merchants and it's trade Even then nothing was wanting to complete it's glory but that it was not either a ‖ Municipium Free-borough or a Colony Nor indeed would it have been the interest of the Romans that a City of such vast trade should enjoy the privileges of a Colony or Free-borough for which reason I fancy they made it a Praefecture Praefecturae for so they call'd the towns wherein there were * Nundinae Fairs and Courts kept Not that they had Magistrates of their own but had Praefects sent them yearly to do justice who were to act in all publick affairs such as taxes tributes imposts †Militiae the business of the army c. according to the Instructions of the Roman Senate Upon which account it is that London is only term'd Opidum a town by Tacitus by the Panegyrist and by Marcellinus But altho' it had not a more honourable title yet it has been as powerful wealthy and prosperous as any and that almost without interruption under the Roman Saxon and Norman Governments scarce ever falling under any great calamity i In Nero's reign when the Britains under the conduct of Boadicia had unanimously resolv'd
without issue was succeeded by his brother Roger whose son Richard marry'd Amicia daughter and coheir of William Earl of Glocester and in right of her his posterity were Earls of Glocester whom you may find in their proper place But at last upon default of heir-male Leonel third son of Edw. 3. who had marry'd Elizabeth daughter and sole heir of William de Burgo Earl of Ulster by Elizabeth Clare was honour'd by his father with the new title of Duke of Clarence But he having only a daughter call'd Philippa wife of Edmund Mortimer Earl of March King Henry 4. created his younger son Thomas Duke of Clarence Dukes of Clarence who was Governour of Normandy 7 As also Lord High Steward of England and Earl of Albemarle and in the assaults of the Scots and French was slain in Anjou leaving no issue behind him A considerable time after Edward 4. conferr'd this honour upon George his brother whom after bitter quarrels and a most inveterate hatred between them he had receiv'd into favour yet for all that he at length dispatch'd him in prison ordering him to be drown'd as the report commonly goes †In dolio vini Cretici in a butt of Malmesey And thus 't is planted in the nature of man to hate those they fear and those with whom they have had quarrels for life even tho' they be brethren e From Clare the Stour runs by Long-Melford a beautiful Hospital lately built by that excellent person Sir William Cordall Knight Master of the Rolls to Sudbury Sudbury i.e. the Southern burrough which it almost encompasses The common opinion is e For Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction it has still something of preheminence the County being divided into the two Archdeaconries of Suffolk and of Sudbury that this was once the chief town of the County and that it had the name given it with respect to Norwich i.e. the northern village And indeed at this day it has no reason to give place to it's neighbours For 't is populous and thrives exceedingly by the Cloth-trade it 's chief Magistrate also is a Mayor who is annually chosen out of the seven Aldermen Not far from hence is Edwardeston Edwardeston a place of no great repute at present but had formerly Lords and inhabitants of great honour call'd de Monte Canisio and commonly Mont-chensy Barons de Montchensy Of which family Guarin marry'd the daughter and co-heir of that most powerful Earl of Pembroke William Marshal and had by her a daughter Joanna who brought to her husband William de Valentia of the family of Lusigny in France Minor Hist Matth. Par. the title of Earl of Pembroke That Guarin Mont-chensy as he had great honours so likewise had he a very plentiful fortune insomuch that in those times he was call'd the Crassus of England his Will amounting to no less than two hundred thousand marks f 8 No small wealth as the standard was then From a younger brother or cadet of this house of Montchensie issu'd by an heir-general the fâ—â—â—ly of the Waldgraves who having long flourisht in Knightly degree at Smaltbridge nearer to Stour as another family of great account in elder age 〈◊〉 Buers which was thereof sirnamed A few miles from hence the Stour is encreas'd by the little river Breton which within a small compass washes two towns of Antiquity At the head of it we see Bretenham a little inconsiderable town without almost any appearance of a City and yet that it is the Combretonium Combretonium mention'd by Antoninus in those parts is evident both from the affinity and signification of the name For as Bretenham Bretenham in English implies a town or mansion upon the Breton so does Combretonium in Welsh a valley or low place upon the Breton But this place in the Peutegerian Tables is falsly call'd Comvetronum and Ad Covecin A little way from hence to the east is seen Nettlested 9 Whence was Sir Thomas Wentworth whom King Henry 8. honour'd with the title of Baron Wentworth from whence are the Wentworths Baâ—ons Wentworth whom King Henry the eighth honour'd with the dignity of Barons and neighbour to it is Offton i.e. the town of Offa King of the Mercians where upon a chalky hill there lye the ruins of an old Castle which they tell you was built by King Offa after he had villanously cut off Ethelbert King of the East-Angles and seiz'd upon his kingdom 10 But to return to the river Breton on the banks of another brook that is joyn'd thereto stands Lancham a â—air market-town and near it the manour of Burnt-Elleie to which King Henry 3. granted a market at the request of Sir Henry Shelton Lord thereof whose pâ—sterity flourisht here for a long time Below this is Hadley in Saxon headlege famous at this day for making of woollen Cloaths but mention'd by our ancient Historians upon the account of Guthrum or Gormo the Dane's Guthrum or Gormo the Dane being buried here For when Alfred had brought him to such terms as to make him embrace Christianity and be baptiz'd he assign'd him this tract of the East-Angles that he might to use the words of my g Selden has observ'd it to be taken out of Malmesbury Not. MS. Author by a due Allegiance to the King protect those Countries he had before over-run with ravage and plunder From hence the Breton runs 11 Runs swiftly by Higham whence the family of Higham takes its name to Stour c. into the Stour whose united streams flowing not far from Bentley Bentley where the Talmaches a famous and ancient family have a long time flourisht within a few miles run near Arwerton Arwerton formerly the seat of the famous family of the Bacons 12 Who held this manour of Brome by conducting all the Footmen of Suffolk and Norfolk from St. Edmund's-dike in the wars of Wales now of the Parkers who by the father's side are descended from the Barons Morley and by the mother from the Calthrops a very eminent family Then they flow into the Ocean and the river Orwell or Gipping joyning them just at the mouth discharges it self along with them This rises about the very middle of the County out of two Springs one near Wulpett Wulpett the other at a little village call'd Gipping Wulpett is a Market-town and signifies in Latin Luporum fossa i.e. a den of Wolves if we believe Neubrigensis who has patcht up as formal a story about this place as is the * Vera narratio True Narrative of Lucian Namely how two little green boys †Ex Satyrorum genere born of Satyrs after a long tedious wandering through subterraneous Caverns from another world i.e. the Antipodes and the Land of St. Martin came up here If you would have more particulars of the story I refer you to the Author himself ‖ Omnibus rihonibus ridenda prâ—pinabit who
tomentosus Corona fratrum Park eriocephalus Ger. Woolly headed Thistle Near Clare in Suffolk plentifully See the Synonimes in Cambridge-Catalogue Caucalis tenuifolia flosculis subrubentibus Hist. nost arvensis echinata parvo flore C. B. Fine-leav'd bastard Parsley with a small purplish flower Amongst the Corn here at Notley and in many other places Crithmum chrysanthemum Park Ger. maritimum flore Asteris Attici C. B. marinum tertium Matthioli flore luteo Buphthalmi J. B. Golden-flower'd Sampire On the bank of the river just above Fulbridge at Maldon in Essex Gramen dactylon latiore folio C. B. Ischaemon sylvestre latiore folio Park Plentifully in the plowed-fields about Elden aforesaid Lychnis viscosa flore muscoso C. B. Sesamoides Salamanticum magnum Ger. Muscipula Salmantica major Park Muscipula muscoso flore seu Ocymoides Belliforme J. B. Spanish Catchfly In and about the gravel pits on the north side of New-market town also by the way sides all along from Barton-mills to Thetford in Norfolk Lychnis noctiflora C. B. Park Ocymoides non speciosum J. B. Night-flowering Campion Among corn about Saxmundham and between the two Windmills and Warren-lodge at Mewell Militaris Aizoides Ger. Stratiotes s Militaris Aizoides Park Aloe palustris C. B. Aizoon palustre sive Aloe palust J.B. The Freshwater-Soldier or Water-Aloe In the lake in Loving-land Pisum marinum Ger. aliud maritimum Britannicum Park Our English Sea-pease On the stone-baich between Orford and Alburgh callâ—d the Shingle especially on the further end toward Orford abundantly Gesner lib. de Aquatil 4. p. 256. from the Letters of Dr Key and from him Jo. Stow in his Chronicle tells us That in a great dearth which happened in the year 1555. the poor people in this part of the Country maintain'd themselves and their children with these Pease which saith he to a miracle sprung up in the Autumn among the bare stones no earth being intermixt of their own accord and bare fruit sufficient for thousands of people That these Pease did then spring up miraculously for the relief of the poor I believe not that there might be then Providence so ordering it an extraordinary crop of them I readily grant Yet do they not grow among the bare stones but spread their roots in the sand below the stones wherewith there may also perhaps be some ouze mixt and are nourish'd by the Sea-water penetrating the sands as are many other maritime plants Neither did they owe their original to Shipwracks or Pease cast out of Ships as Camden hints to be the opinion of the wiser but witbout doubt sprung up at first spontaneously they being to be found in several the like places about England See Kent and Sussex Sium alterum Olusatri facie Ad. Lob. Ger. Emac. majus alterum angustifolium Park Erucae folio C. B. q. Cicuta aquatica Gesneri J.B. Long-leav'd Water-Hemlock or Parsnep In the lake of Lovingland Trifolium cum glomerulis ad caulium nodos rotundis Knotted Trefoil with round heads I found this in gravelly places about Saxmundham in this County Trifolium flosculis albis in glomerulis oblongis asperis cauliculis proximè adnatis An Trifolium rectum flore glomerato cum unguiculis J. B White-flower'd knotted Trefoil with oblong rough heads At Newmarket where the Sesamoides Salamanticum grows and in other places Trifolium cochleatum modiolis spinosis Hedge-hog Trefoil with rundles resembling a thin segment of a cone At Orford in Suffolk on the Sea-bank close by the Key plentifully Veronica erecta foliis laciniatis Alsine foliis hederaceis Rutae modo divisis Lob. recta triphyllos sive laciniata Park triphyllos caerulea C. B. recta Ger. folio profundè secto flore purpureo seu violaceo J. B. Upright Speedwell with divided leaves At Mewell between the two Windmils and the Warren-lodge And in the gravel-pits two miles beyond Barton-mills on the ridge of a hill where a small cart-way crosseth the rode to Lynne and in the grass thereabout plentifully Urtica Romana Ger. Park Romana seu mas cum globulis J. B. urens pilulas ferens prima Dioscoridis semine lini C. B. Common Romane Nettle About Alburgh and elsewhere on the Sea-coast plentifully Sedum minimum non acre flore albo Small mild white flower'd Stone-crop In the more barren grounds all along between Yarmouth and Donewich This differs specifically from the common Pepper-wort and not in the colour of the flower only NORFOLK NORFOLK commonly North-folk that is if you express it in Latin Borealis pâ—pulus or the Northern People is all along the North-bound of Suffolk from which it is divided by the two little rivers I mention'd Ouse the Less and Waveney running contrary ways On the east and north sides the German Ocean which is full of fish beats upon the shore with a great roaring on the west Ouse the Greater sporting it self by the many branches parts it from Cambridgeshire The County is large and almost all Champion except in some places where there arise gentle hills 'T is very rich well stor'd with flocks of sheep and abounds with Conies It is set with great numbers of populous villages for beside 27 Market-towns it has 625 Country-towns and villages is well water'd and does not want wood The soil is different according to the several quarters in some places fat luscious and full of moisture as in Mershland and Flegg in others especially to the west it is poor lean and sandy and in others clayey and chalkey But to follow the directions of Varro the goodness of the soil may be gather'd from hence that the inhabitants are of a bright clear complexion not to mention their sharpness of wit and admirable quickness in the study of our Common-Law So that it is at present and always has been reputed the most fruitful Nursery of Lawyers and even among the common people you shall meet with a great many who as one expresses it if they have no just quarrel are able to raise it out of the very quirks and niceties of the Law But lest while I consult brevity I suffer my self to be drawn aside by digressions I will pass from these to the places themselves and beginning at the south side will take a short view of such as are of greatest note and Antiquity Upon Ouse the Less where the little river Thet joyns it out of Suffolk is seated in a low ground that ancient City Sitomagus Sitomagus mention'd by Antoninus and corruptly nam'd in the fragments of an old Table Simomagus a and Sinomagus 'T is now call'd Thetford Thetford and in Saxon a The right name is Theodford Ãeotford by keeping the first syllable of the old name and adding the German ford For as Sitomagus signifies in British a city upon the river Sit now Thet as to Magus Magus signifying formerly a City we have the authority of Pliny so does Thetford signifie in English a ford of the Thet b and these two names Sit
Lancaster Earl of Hereford to the King for blabbing some scandalous and malicious words against his Majesty And when they were to try it by duel a Herald by the King's authority pronounc'd sentence against them at the very Lists that both should be banish'd Lancaster for 10 years but Mowbray for life who dy'd at Venice leaving two sons behind him in England Whereof Thomas Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham for he had no other titles upon raising a conspiracy was beheaded by Henry of Lancaster who had possest himself of the Crown under the name of Henry 4. But his brother and heir John by the favour of Hen. 5. was restor'd and being for some years after stil'd only Earl Marshal and Earl of Nottingham upon Hen. 6.'s coming to the Crown was by virtue of a Patent granted by Rich. 2. as son of Thomas Duke of Norfolk his father Rot. Parl. 3 Hen. 6. and heir to Thomas his brother declar'd Duke of Norfolk by authority of Parliament He was succeeded by his son John who dy'd in the first year of Edw. 4. and he also by his son of that name who in the life-time of his father was by Hen. 6. created Earl of Surrey and Warren Parl. 17. Edw. 4. Whose only daughter Anne was marry'd to Richard Duke of York K. Ed. the 4.'s young son and with her had a grant from his father of the titles of Norfolk Earl Marshal Warren and Nottingham But both he and his wife being made away very young Rich. 3. K. of England conferr'd the title of Duke of Norfolk and the authority of Earl Marshal upon 24 John Lord Howard John Howard who was found Kinsman and one of the heirs of Anne Dutchess of York and Norfolk above-mention'd For his mother was one of the daughters of that first Tho. Mowbray Duke of Norfolk and K. Edw. 4. had advanc'd him to the dignity of a Baron This John was kill'd in the battel of Bosworth fighting valiantly for Richard against Hen. 7. His son Thomas who by creation from Rich. 3. was Earl of Surrey 25 And by King Hen. 7. made Lord Treasurer was by K. Hen. 8. restor'd to his father's title of Norfolk 26 And his son the same day created Earl of Surrey after he had routed the Scotch-army 27 At Branxton at Floddon wherein James 1. K. of Scots was slain In memory of which victory it was granted to the family of the Howards that in the middle of the White Bend in their Arms there should be added In an Escocheon Or An honorary Escocheon in the Arms of the Howards a demy Lion shot through the mouth with an arrow within a double tressure adorn'd with Lilies on both sides Gules which comes very near to the Arms of the Kings of Scotland He was succeeded by his son Thomas 28 As well in his Honours as in the Office of Lord Treasurer of England and liv'd in the time of Queen Mary whom our own Age saw toss'd about with the ebbs and flows of Fortune His grandchild Thomas by his son Henry which Henry was the first of our English Nobility that grac'd his high birth with the ornaments of Learning being attainted of High-Treason for endeavouring a match with Mary Queen of Scots and in the year 1572. beheaded See in the Adages of Hadr. Juu. Achilleum votum was the last D. of Norfolk From which time his posterity has as it were lay dead but now by the favour and bounty of K. James begins to revive and flourish again There are in this County about 660 Parish-Churches ADDITIONS to NORFOLK THE County of Norfolk is so call'd from its Northern situation with respect to the rest of the East-Angles whereof it was a part Our Author recommends it for its being very populous having as he observes 27 markets and 625 villages But if we may trust the Book of Rates of Taxes to the King the esteem it hath upon that account may be rais'd much higher for there we find 32 markets and 711 villages whether Mr. Camden was mistaken in the number or this increase have been since his time I dare not say What he has observ'd of its being a Nursery of Lawyers as it is confirm'd by many instances so particularly by the great Sir Henry Spelman from whom Spede confesses he receiv'd his description of Norfolk After that he drew up an entire description of this his native County and upon his authority principally depends the greatest part of the following remarks a To begin with our Author Thetford Thetford is no doubt the ancient Sitomagus but whether that be corruptly written Simomagus and Sinomagus is not so certain as to bear a positive assertion It is worth the while to consider whether there is not something in these names which should imply its being the Capital city of the Iceni If we take Simomagus Ptolemy's Simeni for so he names the people of those parts does something favour it and Sinomagus comes nearer the name Iceni especially if we may suppose the I cast away as in Hispani Spani Besides Caesar's calling this people Cenimagni which Camden finding them distinctly read Ceni Agni is of opinion should be read Iceni Regni farther confirms this conjecture b As to the relation which Mr. Camden discovers between the initial of the old and present names Sit and Thet and from thence concludes that the modern name is compounded of the remains of the Roman and the Saxon ford there is no grounds for it For the old Saxon name was Ãeod-ford not as Mr. Camden writes it Ãeotford the similitude of t and d probably creating a mistake in some old Copies which plainly signifies a ford of the people This town was famous for being a seat of the Kings of the East-Angles but whether that fortification with a double trench was the work of the Saxons our Author leaves to the judgment of others That incomparable Antiquary Spelman thinks it was done by the Danes who made so considerable a figure in those parts because the camps of both Romans and Saxons are generally observ'd to be much larger An anonymous Author quoted by * Antiq. Cant. p. 148. Caius tells us there was formerly a Great-School or Nursery of Learning in this place It may possibly be the same which †Hist Eccl. l. 3. c. 18. Bede hints to when he informs us how Sigebert after he was return'd home and settl'd in his kingdom built a school for the education of youth in imitation of what he had observ'd of that nature in France Whether this passage belongs to Thetford or Cambridge for the latter lays claim to it to advance its Antiquity is a point too large to be discuss'd here Notwithstanding the eminency of the place which besides the seat of the East-Saxon Kings the Bishops-See and 8 Monasteries have entail'd upon it a thing perhaps that few cities can boast of yet in 9 Edw 1. it was neither city
Catsfoot On Bernake heath not far from Stamford Pulsatilla Anglica purpurea Park parad flore clauso caeruleo J. B. Common Pasque-flower On the same heath in great plenty See the Synonymes in Cambridgeshire Millefolium palustre flore luteo galericulato Hooded Water-Milfoil In the ditches by the rivers-side as you go from Peterborough to Thorp LEICESTERSHIRE NORTH of Northamptonshire lies the County of Leicester In the Survey-Book which William the Norman made of England it is call'd Ledecesterscyre but now commonly Leicestershire It is all a champain country rich in corn and grain but the greatest part of it deficient in woods It is encompass'd on the east with Rutland and Lincolnshire on the north with Nottingham and Derbyshire on the west with Warwickshire from which it is parted by the Military-way of the old Romans call'd Watlingstreet which runs along the west skirts of this County and on the south as I observ'd before it is limited by Northamptonshire The river Soar passeth through the middle of this County to the Trent but in the east parts there gently runs a small stream call'd the Wreke which at last falls into the Soar On the South-side where the County is bounded on one hand with the river Avon the less and on the other with the Welland nothing worthy of note presents it self unless it be near the head and first rising of the Welland the town of Haverburg commonly call'd a Burton's Leicestershire p. 127. Harborrow Harborrow famous for its Fair for Cattle and not far distant from thence b Ibid. p. 67. Carleton Carleton Curleu that is the town of Husbandmen I know not whether it be worth relating but most of the natives of this town either from some peculiar quality of the soil or water or other unknown cause in nature have a harsh and ungrateful manner of speech with a guttural and difficult pronunciation and a strange * Rhotacismus wharling in the utterance of their words a Watling-street The Roman way before-mention'd whose cawsey being in other places worn away here shews it self very plainly runs north almost in a direct line along the west-side of this County You may perhaps laugh at my expensive diligence as vainly curious but I have follow'd the tract of this way very intently from the Thames into Wales for the discovery of places of Antiquity b nor could I expect to meet with any other more faithful guide 1 For the finding out of those said Towns which Antonine the Emperour specifieth in his Itinerary for that purpose This Way having past Dowbridge where it leaves Northamptonshire is first interrupted by the river Swift which is but a slow stream tho' the name imports the contrary but to that it answers only in the winter-time The bridge over which this road was heretofore continu'd they call Bransford-bridge and Bensford it was a long time broken down and that occasion'd this famous way to be for many years little frequented but now it is repair'd at the charge of the publick Adjoyning on the one hand westward lyes Cester-Over Cester-over but in Warwickshire a place worthy of note were it only for the Lord thereof Sir c He was created a Baron of this kingdom in the 18th year of King James 1. by the title of Lord Brook of Beauchamp's Court in the County of Warwick Fulk Grevill Kt. a person of extraordinary merit and yet the name speaks it a place of antiquity for our Ancestors never gave the name of Cester but only to ancient Cities or Castles On the other hand eastward on this side of Swift 2 Which springeth near Knaptoft the seat of the Turpins a knightly house descended from an heir of the Gobions lyes Misterton belonging to the famous and ancient family of the Poultneys 3 Who took that name of Poulteney a place now decay'd within the said Lordship and beyond the river Lutterworth a small market-town formerly as report says the possession of the Verdons 4 Which only sheweth a fair Church which hath been encreas'd by the Feldings of Knights Degree and ancient Gentry in this Shire A petrifying well Near which is a spring of water so very cold that in a little time it converts straws and sticks into stone Rector of this Church heretofore was the famous John Wickliff John Wickliff dy'd 1387. a man of a close subtil wit and very well verst in the sacred Scriptures who having sharpen'd his pen against the Pope's authority and the Roman Church 5 And Religious men was not only grievously persecuted in his life time but one and forty years after his death by command of the Council of Sienna his body was in a barbarous manner taken out of his grave and burnt From Bensford-bridge the Old-way goes up to High-cross so call'd because formerly a cross was erected in that high place instead of which there is now a high post set up with props to support it The neighbouring Inhabitants told me that the two principal ways of England did here cross and that in this place stood once a most flourishing city call d Cley-cester Cleycester which had a Senate of it 's own and that Cley-brook Cleybrook near a mile distant from hence was part of the old Cleycester They say also that on both sides of this way great foundations of squar'd-stone have been discover'd under ground and Roman coins frequently cast up by the plow However above ground as the Poet says Etiam ipsae periere ruinae The very ruins are decay'd and lost These things consider'd with its distance from Banaventa or Wedon which agrees exactly and that bridge call'd Bensford are inducements to believe that the Bennones Bennones or Venones which mansion Antoninus places next after Bannaventa were seated here And the rather because Antoninus tells us that the way here parted into two branches which also is the vulgar observation For North-east-ward the Fosse-way leads to Lincoln by Ratae and Vernometum of which places more hereafter and to the North-west Watlingstreet goes directly into Wales by Manvessedum of which in its proper place when I come to Warwickshire c More above on the side of the foresaid way stands Hinckley Hinckley formerly belonging to the Lord Hugh Grant-maisnill 6 A Norman High-steward or Seneschal of England in the reigns of William Rufus and Henry 1. He had two daughters Petronilla or Parnel marry'd to Robert Blanchemaines so call'd from the whiteness of his hands Earl of Leicester with whom he had the Stewardship of England and Alice married to Roger Bigot At the East-end of this Church are to be seen trenches and rampires cast up to a great height which the Inhabitants say was Hugh's-castle Three miles from hence lyes Bosworth Bosworth an ancient market-town d For distinction from another of the same name in the Hundred of Gartery it is call'd commonly Market-Bosworth Burton p. 47. which liberty
occasion to derive it from hay seem to lye under the same inconvenience in that the soil does not favour either of these or at least not so much as to render the place eminent for them I would not willingly go any farther than the Saxon heah deep the remains whereof our Northern parts still retain in their how which they use for deep or low and the breakings in of the sea with the banks made against it sufficiently declare how much the nature of the place contributes towards this conjecture c Upon the confines of Norfolk lyes Tydd Tydd a small village but famous for the once Rector of it Nicholas Breakspear who planted Christianity in Norway for which good service to the Church he was afterwards made Cardinal and in the year 1154 Pope under the name of Hadrian the fourth d To endeavour the discovery of any thing that looks like Roman hereabouts would be a search as fruitless as unreasonable and for its condition in the Saxon times Ingulphus fully answers that whose history no doubt is the best intelligence for those parts For which reasons we shall take leave of it and go along with our Author into the second part of this County having first observ'd that this as well as Lindsey division has had its Earls and gave title to Henry Rich Lord Kensington created Earl of Holland Apr. 3. 22 Jac. 1. He was succeeded by Robert his son who had the additional title of Earl of Warwick by the death of Charles Rich Earl of that place his Cousin-german Whereupon both titles are at present enjoy'd by the right honourable Edward Rich stil'd Earl of Warwick and Holland e Kesteven Kesteven Mr. Camden observes is call'd by Aethelwerd Ceostefne Sylva the wood Ceostefne The reason of it is this because there was really a great forest at this end of the division where now are the large fenns call'd Deeping-Fenns c. A plain argument whereof is that the trunks of trees are dugg up in several ditches thereabouts which lye cover'd some two foot with a light black mold And Mr. Neal to whom the world is indebted for this and other discoveries in this County tells me that in a ditch of his own just at the edge of the fenns there was about 12 years ago several trunks of trees lying in the bottom and in another place as many acorns turn'd out of one hole as would fill a hat very firm and hard but colour'd black and now there is no tree standing near that place by a mile except here and there a willow lately set The same Gentleman assures me he has by him the copy of the Exemplification of the Letters Patents of Jac. 1. dated at Westminster Febr. 15. in the fifth of his reign over England and over Scotland the 41. wherein he recites by way of Inspeximus the Letters Patents of Henry 3. dated at Portsmouth the 23d of April in the 14th of his reign who thereby disafforested the said forest of Kesteven in perpetuum which was also confirm'd by the Letters Patents of Edward the third in the 20th of his reign wherein the said forest is butted and bounded to extend on one side from Swafton to East-Deeping as Caresdike extends it self which is a dike running cross the top of the Fenns not only of Deeping-Fenn but also of that great fenn beyond the river Glen call'd Lindsey-level and on the other side it extends to the division call'd Holland f Having made our way into this division by a previous account why some old Authors call it a wood or forest whereas now there appearing no such thing the readers might be surpriz'd let us accompany Mr. Camden to Stanford Stanford the first remarkable place we meet with As to the Antiquity of it our English Historians afford us very large testimonies Henry Huntingdon lib. 5. pag 203. in his description of the wars between Edmund Ironside and the Danes calls it an ancient city and Ingulphus p. 515. tells us there were Terms held at Stamford and Hoveden in the book of Crowland p. 249. calls it Stamfordshire being a County-town and very commodious it is for that use this end of Lincolnshire adjoyning to it being 36 miles from Lincoln and the end of Northamtonshire next it on that side no less from Northamton which distance is a great inconvenience to the inhabitants so often as their business calls them to the Assizes Stow p. 131. tells us there was a Mint for coyning of money in Stamford-Baron in the time of King Athelstan but this probably was some privilege granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow for this is that parish that 's within Northamtonshire and is within a distinct liberty granted to the Abbots of Peterburrow g Mr. Neal before-mention'd has an old Manuscript fragment of an history that says Stamford was an University long before our Saviour's time and continued so till the year 300 when it was dissolv'd by the Pope for adhering to Arrius For the first founder of it that Author quotes Merlin a British Historian But whatever deference we pay to the authority of the History from the circumstances it seems pretty plain as the same Gentleman has observ'd that it must be of longer date than Ed. 3. For upon that quarrel mention'd by Mr. Camden which happen'd between the Southern and Northern Scholars the latter it seems came hither in Nov. 1333. and return'd to Oxford before 1334. so that their short stay could not allow them any great opportunities for building But here are still the remains of two Colleges one call'd Black-hall and the other Brazen-noze in the gate whereof is a great brazen Nose and a ring through it like that at Oxford And 't is evident that this did not take its pattern from Oxford but Oxford from it because Brazen-nose College in Oxford was not built before the reign of Henry the seventh and this is at least as old as Edw. 3. or probably older h So much for the University there The government of the town Mr. Camden tells us An Alderman and 24 Câ—â—burgâ—ers is by an Alderman and 24 Comburgenses When this begun is not so certain being much elder than the first Charter they have For there is a list of sixty upon the Court-Roll sworn there before the Incorporation viz. from 1398. to 1460. the first year of Edward the fourth So that Edward the fourth by his Charter seems rather to confirm an old custom than establish a new one 'T is very observable here that they have the Custom which Littleton the famous Common-Lawyer calls Burrough English Burroâ—g Eng â—â— viz. the younger sons inherit what Lands or Tenements their fathers dye possess'd of within this Manour i My Lord Burghley founded a Hospital here but when Mr. Camden says he is bury'd in the Parish-Church of S. George in Stamford it is a mistake for he lyes in S. Martin's Church in Stamford-Barron which is in Northamptonshire k After the death of
greatness and great men There are 130 Parishes in this County ADDITIONS to STAFFORDSHIRE AS Staffordshire has the advantage of two ancient ways running through it which have secur'd to us some considerable remains of Roman Antiquity so is it remarkable for several engagements and revolutions relating to the Saxon and Danish times For the British it is not altogether so considerable tho' there want not some small footsteps of that people which the discovery of such weapons as we know they formerly us'd point out to us But whatever curiosities or rarities it might have afforded the world must have been in a great measure strangers to them if it had not fallen under the search of the learned Dr. Plot both as to it 's Natural History and also it's Antiquities which he has given us by way of Appendix without mixing them with the body of his work The latter of these is our business at present wherein he must be our greatest guide whilst we travel over this County a To begin with Mr. Camden Dudley-Castle Dudley-castle he tells us descended from Fitz-Ausculph to the Somereys but between these two were the Paganals whereof Gervase Paganal founded a Priory there From that family it next descended by an heiress to the Somereys from whom by a co-heir it came to Sir John Sutton descended from the Suttons of Nottinghamshire afterwards the Dudleys were possessed of it from whom it pass'd by the daughter and heir of Sir Ferdinando Dudley son and heir of the last Lord Dudley to Humble Lord Ward of Birmicham b More towards the north is Wolver-hampton Wolver-hampton which had by K. Hen. 3. a Fair granted to it upon the eve and day of St. Peter and St. Paul and also a Market weekly on Wednesdays There is in it a Free-school founded by Sir Stepehn Jennings sometime Lord Mayor of London c From hence passing by Tetnall Tetnall we go to Wrottesley * Hist of Staff p 394. eminent for the remains of some old British or other Antiquity whether fortification or city tho' my Author inclines to the latter because of the several partitions like streets running divers ways within the limits of it as also the large hinges which have been found there and some of the stones squar'd The whole contains in circuit about 3 or 4 miles and stones of a vast bigness have been found hereabouts whereof one made 100 loads another after 10 loads of stone were hew'n off it requir'd 36 yoke of oxen to draw it and made the great cistern in the malt-house at Wrottesley which tho' left very thick both at bottom and sides will yet wet 37 strikes of barley at a time If the historical account of the Danes here in England can assert this monument to them I have nothing to object against it but so far as that opinion is grounded upon Mr. Camden's interpretation of Theotenhall which is near it is very false for that name implies no more than the hall or palace of a Lord without any necessary relation to Heathens or Christians If the construction of Paganorum aedes were true the argument were certainly undeniable since every body knows that the Danes in all our historians go under the name of Pagani Seasdon Seasdon upon the edge of Shropshire offers it self next to our consideration †Id. p. 3 near which at a place call'd Abbots or Apewood-castle there is an ancient fortification standing on a lofty round promontory with a steep ridge for a mile together having hollows cut in the ground over which 't is suppos'd anciently they set their tents The hills at each end which seem to have been the bastions make it probable that the whole has been one continu'd fortification Whether it be Roman or British is not so easily determin'd only we know of no signal action hereabouts which makes it more probable that 't is British because if it had been Roman their histories might perhaps have left us some account of it And Tacitus makes it plain that the Britains did fortifie as well with earth cast up as stones when he tells us Annal. l. 12. c. 31. that the Iceni chose a place septum agresti aggere aditu angusto ne pervius equiti foret where the agrestis agger does most probably signifie a bank of earth Towards the south-east from hence is Kings-Swinford King's-Swinford in which parish upon Ashwood heath there is a large entrenchment that measures about 140 paces over which notwithstanding its distance from the way is yet in the opinion of the learned Dr. Plot really Roman i.e. a tent or castrametation made at that distance on the account of their being drawn off from their ways and ordinary quarters to skirmish with the enemy as occasion might require In this parish likewise at Barrow-hill are two uniform Barrows or Tumuli all rock which notwithstanding Dr. Plot thinks to have been earth at first and turn'd into stone by subterraneal heats At the utmost south-borders of this County lies Clent Clent famous for the death of S. Kenelm slain at seven years of age by the contrivance of his sister Quendred Not far from whence is Kinfare Kinfare where is an old fortification of an oblong square about 300 yards long and 200 over The name will answer either a Danish or Saxon original so that to conclude upon either barely from that is a false bottom And the signification does not imply that any one was kill'd there For Fare tho' it signifies a going an expedition or journey yet I am confident it never denotes passing into another world I should rather believe that some King in his march had stop'd there or made that his head-quarters and so deriv'd the name upon it Going to Watlingstreet we meet with Hynts Hynts near which place is a large Roman Tumulus now like those at Barrow-hill turn'd into a hard rock There are more Roman Barrows upon this street one at Catts-hill two on Calves-heath another near Great Sarden On the edge of Warwickshire is Tamworth Tamworth which the Saxon Annals call Tamanpeorþige In the year 781. it appears to have been the palace of the Mercian Kings by a Grant of Offa to the Monks of Worcester which is dated from his royal palace there A square trench is still remaining by the name of King's ditch which is very large That there was a Castle before Aethelfled's time is very plain because she only repair'd it after it had been demolish'd by the Danes but by whom it was first made a place of strength does not appear A little farther towards the north lies Elford â—lford where is a Roman Tumulus the description whereof after a curious examination Dr. Plot has given us Level with the surface of the ground about it is a moist blackish sort of earth without any mixture of gravel or stones about 2 yards diameter and a foot and half deep in the middle lying much in
we Wreckceter and Wroxceter Wroxceâ— It was the Metropolis of the Cornavii and built probably by the Romans when they fortify'd the bank of the Severn which is only here fordable and not any where lower towards the mouth of it but this being shatter'd by the Saxon war was quite destroy'd in that of the Danes and is now a very little village inhabited only by country-people who frequently plow up ancient coins that bear witness of it's antiquity Here is nothing to be seen of it but a very few reliques of broken walls call'd by the people m This stands near the midst of the city being about 20 foot high and 100 in length The old works of Wroxceter which were built of hewn stone and laid in ‖ Septeâ—plici Britâ—nicarum dine seven rows 15 In equal distance arch'd within after the fashion of the Britains That where these are was formerly a castle is probable from the unevenness of the ground heaps of earth and here and there the rubbish of walls The plot where this city stood which is no small spot of ground is a blacker earth than the rest and yields the largest crops of the best barley g Below this city went that Roman military high-way call'd Watlingstreet either thro' a ford or over a bridge to the Strattons Stratton before mention'd which name imports they were Towns seated by the high-way the foundation of which bridge was lately discover'd a little above in setting a Wear for so they call a fishing damme in the river but now there is no track of the Way h This ancient name of Viroconium is more manifestly retain'd by a neighbouring mountain call'd Wreken-hill Wrekenhâ— by some Gilbert's-hill which gradually falls into a pleasant level and yields an entertaining prospect of the plains about it n It stands about a mile from Wroxeter and is the highest ground of all the Country thereabout Leland's Itin. This hill shoots it self out pretty far in length is well set with trees and under it where Severn visits it with it's streams at Buldewas commonly call'd Bildas Bildas was formerly a noted Monastery the burying-place of the Burnels a famous family and Patrons of it Above it is a Lodge call'd Watling-street from it's situation upon the publick Street or military high-way and hard by are the reliques of Dalaley-castle â—alaley which upon the banishment of Richard Earl of Arundel King Rich. 2. by Act of Parliament did annex to the Principality of Chester which he had erected Not far from the foot of this hill in the depth of the valley by that Roman military high-way is Okenyate â—kenyate a small village of some note for the pit-coal which by reason of it's low situation and that distance which Antoninus says Us-ocona is both from Uriconium and Pennocrucium undoubtedly must be the same with o Written also according to the variety of Copies Usoccona and Uxacona Burton's Itinerar Us-ocona â—s-ocona Nor does the name make against the conjecture for it is compounded of the word Ys which in Welsh signifies Low and seems to be added to express its lowly situation On the other side under this hill appears Charleton-castle anciently belonging to the Charletons â—harleton Lords of Powis and more eastward towards Staffordshire is Tong-castle 〈◊〉 formerly Toang repair'd not long since by the Vernons as likewise was the College within the town which the Penbriges as I have read first founded The inhabitants boast of nothing more than a great bell famous in those parts for its bigness Hard by stands Albrighton which in the reign of King Edward 1. was the seat of 16 Sir Ralph Ralph de Pichford â—ichford but now belongs to the Talbots who are descended from the Earls of Shrewsbury 17 But above Tong was Lilleshul-Abbey in a wood-land Country founded by the family of Beaumeis whose heir was marry'd into the house of De la Zouch But seeing there is little left but ruins I will leave it and proceed On the other side of the river Tern lies Draiton â—raiton upon the very banks of it where during the Civil wars between the houses of Lancaster and York was a battel fought very fatal to the Gentry of Cheshire for tho' Victory neither turn'd her balance on the one side or the other yet they being divided and adhering to both parties were cut off in great numbers Lower down and pretty near the Tern lies Hodnet formerly inhabited by Gentlemen of that name from whom by the Ludlows it hereditarily fell to the Vernons 〈◊〉 Ed. 2. It was formerly held of the Honour of Montgomery by the service of being Steward of that Honour The Tern after that passing by some small villages is joyn'd by a rivulet call'd Rodan and after it has run a few miles farther near Uriconium before spoken of it falls into the Severn Not far from the head of this river Rodan stands Wem â—em where may be seen the p There is nothing now to be seen but the bank upon which it stood marks of an intended castle It was the Barony of William Pantulph about the beginning of the Norman times from whose posterity it came at length to the Butlers and from them by the Ferrers of Ouseley and the Barons of Greystock to the Barons Dacre of Gillesland q The tile of this Barony was given by K. James 2. to Sir George Jeffreys Lord Chancellour of England and is now descended to his son to whom the manour and Royalty of it do belong A little distant from this upon a woody hill or rather rock which was anciently call'd Rad-cliff stood a castle upon a very high ground call'd from the reddish stone Red-castle â—ed-castle and by the Normans Castle Rous heretofore the seat of the Audleys by the bounty of Mawd the Stranger or Le-strange but now there is nothing to be seen but decayed walls 18 Which yet make a fair shew Hol. But at present they make none some small tokens of it only remaining Scarce a mile off is a spot of ground where a small city once stood the very ruins of which are almost extinct but the Roman Coyns that are found there with such bricks as they us'd in building are evidence of its Antiquity and Founders The people of the neighbourhood call it Bery from Burgh and they affirm it to have been very famous in King Arthur's days 19 As the common sort ascribe whatsoever is ancient and strange to King Arthur's glory After that upon the same river appears Morton-Corbet 20 Anciently an house of the family of Turet â—orton-â—orbet â—astle a castle of the Corbets where within the memory of man Robert Corbet to gratifie the fancy he had for Architecture began a noble piece of building 21 In a barren place after the Italian model for his future magnificent and more splendid habitation but death countermanding his
by the Britains Bonchor and Banchor by the Saxons Bancorna-byrig and Banchor Bâ—â—â—or This place among many very good men is said to have produc'd that greatest and worst of hereticks Pelagius who perverting the nature of God's grace so long infested the Western Church with his pernicious Doctrine Hence in Prosper Aquitanus he is call'd Coluber Britannus Pestifero vomuit Coluber sermone Britannus The British Adder vented from his poys'nous tongue Which I mention for no other reason than that it is the interest of all mankind to have notice of such infections In the Monastery Bede says there were so many Monks that when they were divided into seven parts having each their distinct ruler appointed them every one of these particular Societies consisted of three hundred men at least who all liv'd by the labour of their own hands b If it be the best way of judging what arts the Romans taught the Britains from the Latin terms still retain'd in the Welsh tongue this inference of our Author seems to be confirm'd by that Languages affording no other name for Cheese then Caws whiâ—h looks like a manifest corruption of Casâ—us But the same may be noted of all the other modern Languages of Europe Edilfred King of the Northumbrians slew twelve hundred of them b So say all our ancient Historians Only the publisher of King Aelfred's Life in his notes upon the Preface p. 7. has contracted the number into â—00 and contrary to the common cry of Antiquity unless the Ulster-Annals be on his side makes the battel to be fought in the year 613. which perhaps was after the death of Augustine the Monk for praying for the Britains their fellow Châ—istians against the Saxon-Infidels And here to digress a little upon the mention of these Monks Mâ—â—â—â— life the original of a Monastick life in the world proceeded from the rigorous and fiery persecutions of the Christian religion to avoid which good men withdrew themselves and retir'd into the Deserts of Egypt to the end they might safely and freely exercise their profession and not with a design to involve themselves in misery rather than be made miserable by others as the Heathens pretended Ruâ—â—â—â— Câ—audâ—â— Itineraâ—â— There they dispersed themselves among the mountains and woods living first solitarily in Caves and Cells from whence they were call'd by the Greeks Monachi afterwards they began as nature it self prompted them to live sociably together finding that more agreeable and better than like wild beasts to sculk up and down in Deserts Then their whole business was to pray and to supply their own wants with their own labour giving the over-plus to the poor and tying themselves by Vows to Poverty Obedience and Chastity Athanasius first introduced this Monastick way of living in the Western Church Whereunto S. Austin in Africk S. Martin in France and Congell as 't is said in Britain and Ireland very much contributed by settling it among the Clergy Upon which it is incredible how they grew and spread abroad in the world how many great Religious houses were prepared to entertain them which from their way of living in common were call'd Coenobia as they were also call'd Monasteries because they still retain'd a shew of a solitary life and there was nothing esteem'd in those times so strictly religious For they were not only serviceable to themselves but beneficial to all mankind both by their prayers and intercessions with God and also by their good example their learning labour and industry But as the times corrupted so this holy zeal of theirs began to cool Rebus cessere secundis as the Poet says Prosperity debauch'd them But now to return From hence-forward this Monastery went to decay for William of Malmsbury who liv'd not long after the Norman Conquest 〈◊〉 menâ—â—'d by 〈…〉 was in 〈◊〉 says There remained here so many signs of Antiquity so many ruinous Churches so many turns and passages through gates such heaps of rubbish as were hardly elsewhere to be met with But now there is not the least appearance of a City or Monastery the names only of two gates remain Port-Hoghan and Port Cleis which stand at a mile's distance between them Roman coyns have been often found 〈◊〉 beâ—â—â—â—â—â—re But here I must note that Bonium is not reckon'd within this County but in Flintshire a part of which is in a manner sever'd from the rest and lyes here between Cheshire and Shropshire b After the river Dee has enter'd this County it runs by the town Malpas or Malo-passus 〈◊〉 situate upon a high hill not far from it which had formerly a castle and from the ill narrow steep rugged way to it was call'd in Latin Mala platea or Ill-street for the same reason by the Normans Mal-pas and by the English in the same sense Depen-bache Hugh Earl of Chester gave the Barony of this place to Robert Fitz-Hugh â—â—lo â—â—day â—â—us 〈…〉 In the reign of Henry the second William Patrick the son of William Patrick held the same of which race was Robert Patrick who forfeited it by outlawry Some years after David of Malpas by a Writ of Recognisance got a moiety of that town which then belong'd to Gilbert Clerk but a great part of the Barony descended afterwards to those Suttons that are Barons of Dudley and a parcel thereof likewise fell to Urian de S. Petro 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 commonly Sampier And from Philip a younger son of David of Malpas is descended that famous and knightly family of the Egertons 〈◊〉 who derived this name from their place of habitation as divers of this family have done viz. Cotgrave Overton Codington and Golborn But before I leave this place I must beg leave in this serious and grave subject to recite one pleasant story concerning the name of it out of Giraldus Cambrensis 〈◊〉 lib. 2. â—3 It happen'd says he in our times that a certain Jew travelling towards Shrewsbury with the Arch-Deacon of this place whose name was Peché that is Sin and the Dean who was call'd Devil and hearing the Arch-Deacon say that his Archdeaconry began at a place call'd Ill-street and reach'd as far as Malpas towards Chester the Jew knowing both their names told them very pleasantly be found it would be a miracle if ever he got safe out of this County and his reason was because Sin was the Arch-Deacon and the Devil was the Dean and moreover because the entry into the Arch-deaconry was Ill-street and the going forth again Malpas â—â—ch From hence Dee is carried down by Shoclach where was formerly a castle then by Alford belonging formerly to the Arderns next by Pouleford where in Henry the third's reign 1 Sir Ralph Ralph de Ormesby had his castle lastly by Eaton the seat of that famous family the Grosvenours â—â—enour i.e. grandis venator great hunter whose posterity now go corruptly by the name of Gravenor A little more upward upon
Envy resign'd up these and two other castles to wit Blank and Hanfeld to King Edward the third In another corner North-eastward the river Mynwy and Wy meeting do almost encompass the chief town of this County which is thence denominated for the Britains call it Mynwy and we Monmouth Monmouth On the North-side where it is not guarded with the rivers it is fortify'd with a wall and a ditch In the midst of the town near the market-place stands the castle which as we find in the King's Records flourish'd in the time of William the Conquerour but is thought to have been re-built by John Baron of Monmouth From him it devolv'd to the House of Lancaster when King Henry the third had depriv'd him of his Inheritance for espousing so violently the Barons Interest against him Or rather as we read in the King's Prerogative for that his heirs had pass'd their Allegiance to the Earl of Britain in France Since that time this town has flourish'd considerably enjoying many privileges granted them by the House of Lancaster But for no one thing is it so eminent as the birth of King Henry the fifth that triumphant Conquerour of France and second Ornament of the Lancastrian Family who by direct force of arms subdu'd the Kingdom of France and reduc'd their King Charles the sixth to that extremity that he did little better than resign his Title Upon whose prosperous Success John Seward a Poet in those times and none of the lowest rank bespeaks the English Nation in this lofty stile Ite per extremum Tanain pigrósque Triones Ite per arentem Lybiam superate calores Solis arcanos Nili deprendite fontes Herculeum finem Bacchi transcurrite metas Angli juris erit quicquid complectitur orbis Anglis rubra dabunt pretiosas aequora conchas Indus ebur ramos Panchaia vellera Seres Dum viget Henricus dum noster vivit Achilles Est etenim laudes longè transgressus avitas March on brave Souls to Tanais bend your arms And rowze the lazy North with just alarms Beneath the toâ—rid Zone your enemies spread Make trembling Nile disclose it's secret head Surprize the World 's great limits with your hast Where nor Alcides nor old Bacchus past Let daily triumphs raise you vast renown The world and all its treasures are your own Yours are the Pearls that grace the Persian Sea You rich Panchaea India and Catay With spicy ivory barks and silk supply While Henry great Achilles of our land Blest with all joys extends his wide command Whose noble deeds and worthy fame surpass The ancient glories of his heavenly race Monmouth also glories in the birth of Galfridus Arthurius Bishop of St. Asaph Geofrey of Monmouth or Ap. Artâ—â—c who compiled the British History an Author well experienced in Antiquities * Fâ—de 〈◊〉 vidâ—tâ—â— non anâ—â—quá but as it seems not of antique credit so many ridiculous Fables of his own invention c hath he inserted in that work In so much that he is now amongst those writers that are censur'd by the Church of Rome The river Wy wherein they take Salmon plentifully from September to April is continued from hence Southward with many windings and turnings It 's now the limit between Glocestershire and Monmouthshire but was formerly the boundary betwixt the Welsh and English according to that verse of Necham Inde vagos Vaga Cambrenses hinc respicit Anglos Hence Wye the English views and thence the Welsh Near its fall into the Severn-Sea it passes by Chepstow Câ—eâ— t â— which is a Saxon name and signifies a market or place of trading In British 't is call'd Kaswent or Castelh Gwent 'T is a town of good note built on a hill close by the river guarded with walls of a considerable circumference which take in several Fields and Orchards The castle is very fair standing on the brink of a river and on the opposite side there stood a Priory whereof the better part being demolish'd the remainder is converted to a Parish-church The bridge here over the Wy is built upon piles and is exceeding high which was necessary because the tide rises here to a great height The Lords of this place were the Clares Earls of Pembroke who from a neighbour castle call'd Strighul where they liv'd were entitled Earls of Strighul Earâ—s â—f Strigâ—â—l and Pembroke of whom Richard the last Earl a man of invincible courage and strength sirnam'd Strong-bow from his excellency in Archery was the first that made way for the English into Ireland By his daughter it descended to the Bigots c. And now it belongs to the Earls of Worcester This place seems of no great antiquity for several do affirm and that not without reason that it had its rise not many ages past from the ancient city Venta Veâ—ta which flourish'd about four miles hence in the time of Antoninus who calls it Venta Silurum as if it had been their chief city Which name neither arms nor time have consum'd for at this day 't is call'd Kaer-went Kaer-wenâ— or the city Venta But the city it self is so much destroy'd by the one or the other that it only appears to have been from the ruinous walls the checquer'd pavements and the Roman coyns d It took up about a mile in circumference on the South-side is a considerable part of the wall yet remaining and more than the ruins of three Bastions What repute it had heretofore we may from hence gather that before the name of Monmouth was heard of this whole Country was call'd from it Went-set or Went's land e Moreover as we read in the life of Tathaius a British Saint it was formerly an Academy Lâ—â—anâ—â—ff or place dedicated to Literature which the same Tathaius govern'd with commendation and also founded a Church there in the reign of King Kradok ap-Ynyr who invited him hither from an Hermitage Five miles to the West of Kaer-went is seated Strighul-castle at the bottom of the hills which now we call Strugle but the Normans Estrig-hill built as we find in Domesday-book by William Fitz-Osbern Earl of Hereford and afterwards the seat of the Clares Earls of Pembroke whence they have been also commonly call'd Earls of Strighull Beneath these places upon the Severn-Sea not far from the mouth of the river Wy lies Port Skeweth P â—t Skewâ—â—h call'd by Marianus Port-Skith who informs us that Harald built a Fort there against the Welsh in the year 1065. which they immediately under the conduct of Karadok overthrew 1 And adjoyning to it is Sudbroke the Church whereof call'd Trinity-Chapel standeth so near the Sea that the vicinity of so tyrannous a neighbour hath spoil'd it of half the Church-yard as it hath done also of an old Fortification lying thereby which was compassed with a triple Ditch and three Rampiers as high as an ordinary house cast in form of a Bow the string whereof is the Sea-cliff That this was a
was fortified with a castle by Hugh Earl of Chester whereof tho' I made diligent enquiry I could not discover the least ruins 'T was seated at the very entrance of this Fretum or chanel where Edward 1. attempted in vain to build a bridge that his Army might pass over into the Island Mona or Anglesey whereof next in order At this place also as we find in Tacitus Paulinus Suetonius pass d over with the Roman soldiers the horse at a ford and the foot in flat-bottom'd boats From hence the shore with a steep ascent passes by a very high and perpendicular rock call'd Pen maen mawr Penmaenmawr which hanging over the sea affords travellers but a very narrow passage where the rocks on one hand seem ready to fall on their heads and on the other the roaring sea of a vast depth But having pass'd this together with Pen maen bychan i.e. the lesser rocky promontory a plain extends it self as far as the river Conwy Conwy river call'd Toisovius the eastern limit of this County This river is call d in Ptolemy Toisovius for Conovius which is only an errour crept in o copies from a compendious way of writing Greek It springs out of a lake of the same name in the southern limit of the County and hastens to the sea being confin'd within a very narrow and rocky chanel almost to the very mouth of it This river breeds a kind of Shells which being impregnated with celestial dew produce pearl Pearls b The town of Conovium Conovium mention'd by Antoninus receiv'd it's name from this river which tho' it be now quite destroy'd and the very name in the place where it stood extinct yet the antiquity of it is preserved in the present name for in the ruins of it we find a small village call'd Kaer hên which signifies the old city c Out of the ruins of this city King Edw. 1. built the new Town at the mouth of the river which is therefore call'd Aber Conwy a place that Hugh Earl of Chester had fortified before This new Conwy both in regard of its advantageous situation and for its being so well fortified as also for a very neat castle by the river side might deserve the name of a small city rather than a town but that it is but thinly inhabited d Opposite to Conwy on this side the river though in the same County we have a vast promontory with a crooked elbow as if nature had design'd there a harbour for shipping call'd Gogarth Gogarth where stood the ancient city of Diganwy Diganwy on the sea of Conwy which many ages since was consumed by lightning This I suppose to have been the city Dictum Dictum where under the later Emperours the commander of the Nervii Dictenses kept guard As for it's being afterwards call'd Diganwy who sees not that Ganwy is a variation only of Conwy and that from thence also came the English Ganoc Ganoc for so was that castle call d which in later times was built by Henry 3. e Soon after the Norman Conquest this Country was govern'd by Grufydh ap KÅ·nan * Conanus who not being able to repel the English troops which made frequent inroads into Wales was constrain'd sometimes to yield to the storm and when afterwards by his integrity he had gain'd the favour of King Henry 1. he also easily recover'd his lands from the English and left them to his posterity who enjoy'd them till the time of Lhewelyn ap Grufydh †An account of the life and death of this excellent Prince may be seen at large in Dr. Powel's History of Wales p g. 314 c. But he having provok'd his brothers with injuries and the neighbouring English with incursions was at length brought to that strait that he held this mountainous Country together with the isle of Mona or Anglesey of King Edward 1. as Tenant in fee paying a thousand marks yearly Which conditions when he afterwards would not stand to but following rather his own and his perfidious brother's obstinacy than led on with any hopes of prevailing would again run the hazard of war he was kill'd and so put an end to his own Government and that of the Britains in Wales This County contains 68 Parishes ADDITIONS to CAERNARVONSHIRE a THE British name of these Mountains Kreigieu'r Eryreu signifies Eagle Rocks which are generally understood by the Inhabitants to be so call'd from the Eagles that formerly bred here too plentifully and do yet haunt these Rocks some years tho' not above three or four at a time and that commonly one Summer in five or six coming hither as is supposed out of Ireland Had they been denominated from Snow the name must have been Kreigieu'r Eiral whereas we always call them Eryreu Nor do the ancientest Authors that mention them favour Mr. Camden's Etymology for Giraldus Cambrensis writes it Eryri which differs nothing in pronunciation and Ninnius who writ Anno 858. Heriri However seeing the English call it Snowdon the former derivation was not without good grounds and 't is possible the word yrau might be either the ancient pronunciation or a corruption of eira and so these Rocks call'd Kreigiau yr Yrau which might afterwards be written Kreigieu Eryreu Amongst these Mountains the most noted are Moel y Wydhva y Glyder Karnedh Dhavidh and Karnedh Lhewelyn which are very properly call'd by our Author the British Alps. For besides their extraordinary height and craggy precipices their abounding with Lakes and Rivers and being covered with Snow for a considerable part of the year they agree also with the Alps in producing several of the same * â—ee Ray's Synophs of British Plants Plants and some Animals as particularly Merula Saxatilis Aldrovandi call'd here and in Meirionydhshire Mwyalchen y Graig i.e. Rock-ouzl and in Switzerland Berg-Amzel or Mountain Black-bird and the Torgoch a Fish †Umblâ— minor Gâ—sneri p. 1201. which Mr ‖ Willough Ichthyol Ray supposes to be the same with the * The word Roetel signâ—fies the same with Torgoch Roetel of the Alpine Lakes In these Mountains as probably in the Alps also and other places of this kind the greatest variety of rare Plants are found in the highest and steepest Rocks The places here that afford best entertainment for Botanists are Klogwyn Karnedh y Wydhva call'd commonly Klogwyn y Garnedh which is probably the highest Rock in the three Kingdoms Krîby †Call'd so corruptly perhaps for Krâ—by Dâ—stith for water drops down this precipice continually Diskil Trig-vylchau ‖ i e. Treigi-Vyâ—chen and y Klogwyn dû ymhèn y Glyder which are all near Lhan Berys and well known to the Shepherds Such as have not seen Mountains of this kind are not able to frame an Idea of them from the hills of more champain or lower Countries For whereas such hills are but single heights or stories these are heap'd upon one another
Eccl. Hist l. 4. c 23. where the Latin Copies generally call this venerable Matron Heru and the Saxon Paraphrase Hegu and the same woman in the conclusion of that Chapter is more rightly nam'd Begu or as one Saxon Copy reads it Bega This is the same Bega that as Leleâ—d l. 1. p. 395. Monast Angl. witnesses was born in Irelanâ— and built her first Monastery at S. Bâ—ge's in Cumberland her second at Heruty or Hartlepool and her third at this Calcaceaster are not natural but artificially compounded of Sand Lime and Vitriol for of this they fancy it has some grains as also of an oily unctuous matter Much like those cisterns at Rome which Pliny tells us were made of Sand and a hot Lime so very compact and firm that one would have took them for real stone ii Somewhat Eastward from the bridge before mention'd 〈◊〉 stands Isurium Brigantum an ancient city which took its name from the Ure that wash'd it but has been demolisht many ages since Still there is a village upon the same spot which carries antiquity in its name being call'd Ealdburg and Aldborrow â—â—â—borrow that is to say an old Burrough There is now little or no signs remaining of a City the plot thereof being converted into arable and pasture grounds So that the evidence of History it self would be suspected in testifying this to be the old Isurium if the name of the river Ure the Roman coins continually digg'd up here and the distance between it and York according to Antoninus were not convincing and undeniable kk For by that time the Ure which from hence-forward the Saxons call'd Ouse because the Ouseburne a little brook falls into it here has run 16 Italian miles fâ—rther it arrives at the City Eboracum or Eburacum â—â—â—â—umâ— which Ptolemy in Lib. 2. Magnae Constructionis calls oo Tacitus in Vit. Agricolae calls it Civitas Brigantum And for the same reason it was sometimes by the Saxons nam'd simply Ceastre as well as Eoforwick-ceastre See Chron. Sax. ad Ann. 685. 763. 780. Brigantium if the Book be not faulty and that mistake have not risen from it's being the Metropolis of the Brigantes Ninius calls it Caer-Ebrauc the Britains Caer-Effroc the Saxons Euor Æ¿ic and Eofor-Æ¿ic and we at this day York The British History derives its name from the first founder King Ebraucus But with submission to other mens judgments my opinion is that the word Eburacum comes from the river Ure implying its situation to be upon that river Thus the Eburovices in France were seated by the river Ure near Eureux in Normandy the Eburones in the Netherlands near the river Ourt in the Diocese of Liege and Eb-lana in Ireland by the river Lefny York is the second city in England the finest in this County and the great fence and ornament to those Northern parts 'T is both pleasant large and strong adorn'd with fine buildings both publick and private populous rich and an Arch-bishop's See The river Ure which now takes the name Ouse runs gently as I said from North to South quite through this City and so divides it into two parts joyn'd by a Stone-bridge which has one of the largest Arches that ever I saw The West part of the City is less populous and lies in a square form enclosed partly with stately walls and partly by the river and has but one way to it namely by Mikell-barr which signifies a great Gate from whence a broad fair built street on both sides leads to the very bridge with fine Gardens behind them and the fields for exercise extended to the very walls In the South part of the fields where the river forms an angle I saw a mount which has probably been cast up for some Castle to be built there now call'd the old Bale which William Melton the Arch-bishop as we find it in the lives of the Arch-bishops fortified first with thick planks eighteen foot long and afterwards with a stone wall whereof there remains nothing now visible The East part of the City where the buildings are thick and the streets but narrow is shap'd like a lentil and strongly wall'd On the South-east 't is defended by a Foss or Ditch 〈◊〉 river very deep and muddy which runs by obsâ—ure ways into the very heart of the City and has a bridge over it so throng'd with buildings on both sides that a stranger would mistake it for a street after which it falls into the Ouse At the confluence over against the Mount before mention'd William the Conquerour built a prodigious strong Castle to keep the Citizens in awe But this without any care has been left to the mercy of time ever since fortified places have grown in disrepute among us as only fit for those who want courage to face an enemy in the open field ll Towards the North-east on this side also stands the Cathedral dedicated to St. Peter a magnificent and curious fabrick near which without the walls was a p At the Dissolution valu'd at 2085 l. 1 s. 5 d. ob q. noble Monastery surrounded with the river and its own walls nam'd St. Maries It was founded by Alan the third Earl of Bretaign in Armorica and of Richmond here in England and plentifully endow'd But now 't is converted into a Royal Palace and is commonly call'd the Manour The Manour As for the original of York I cannot tell whence to derive it but from the Romans seeing the British towns before the coming in of the Romans were only woods fortified with a ditch and rampire as Caesar and Strabo who are evidence beyond exception assure us Without insisting upon the story of King Ebraucus a word formed from the name Eboracum who is grosly feigned to be the founder of it this is certain that the sixth Legion call'd Victrix was sent out of Germany into Britain by Hadrian and garison'd here and that this was a Roman Colony we are assur'd both by Antoninus and Ptolemy and an old Inscription which I my self have seen in the house of a certain Alderman of this City M. VEREC DIOGENES I1111I VIR COL EBOR. IDEMQ MORT CIVES BITVRIX HAEC SIBI VIVVS FECIT And also from Severus the Emperour's Coins which have this Inscription on the reverse of them COL EBORACVM LEG VI. VICTRIX But upon what grounds Victor The same Victor lately publisht by Andr. Schottus in his History of the Caesars calls York a Municipium when it was a Colony I cannot readily tell unless the Inhabitants might desire as the Praenestines did to be chang'd from a Colony to a Municipium Municipium Colonia For Colonies were more obnoxious and servile being not left to their own humour as Agellius tells us but govern'd by the Roman Laws and Customs Whereas the Municipia were allow'd the free use of their own Constitutions and enjoyed those honourable offices which the Citizens of Rome did without being tied to any other
excellent Library which Alcuin tells us was founded by his Master Archbishop Egelred The Monastery did not lye long till it rose again but the Cathedral lay neglected till Edw. 1.'s time and then it was begun by John Roman Treasurer of this Church and brought to that stately pitch we now see it of by his son John William Melton and John Thoresby all Archbishops nn together with the contributions of the Gentry thereabouts especially of the Percies and the Vavasors as the Arms of those families in the Church and their portraictures in the gate do shew The Percies are cut out with a piece of timber and the Vavasors with a stone in their hands in memory of the one's having contributed stone and the other timber â—â—â—ent p. p. 〈◊〉 1. to this new fabrick The church as we are told by the Author of the Life of Aeneas Silvius or Pope Pius 2. as he had it from his own mouth is famous for its magnificence and workmanship all the world over and for a lightsome Chapel with shining walls and small thin-wasted pillars quite round This is the beautiful Chapter-house where the following verse is writ in golden Letters Ut Rosa flos florum sic est Domus ista Domorum The chief of Houses as the Rose of flowers About the same time the Citizens began to fortifie themselves with new walls adding many towers for a farther security and made excellent laws for their government King Rich. 2. made it a County incorporate and Rich. 3. began to raise a new Castle in it from the ground That nothing might be wanting in the last age K. Hen. 8. established a Council or Senate here not unlike the Parliaments in France The Council established in the North. who were to judge of all suits arising within these northern parts and to decide them by the rules of right and equity This Court consists of a President and what number of Counsellors the King pleases with a Secretary and under-Officers Our Mathematicians have defined the Longitude of York to be 22 deg and 25 scr the Latitude 54 degr and 10 scr Thus far we have been describing the west part of this County and the City of York which neither belongs to this nor any other part of the Shire but enjoys its own Liberties and a jurisdiction over the neighbourhood on the west-side called the liberty of Ansty Ansty which some derive from Ancienty to denote its antiquity others more plausibly from the German word Anstossen implying a bound or limit I will conclude what I have said of this City with these verses written by J. Jonston of Aberdeen not long since Praesidet extremis Artoae finibus orae Urbs vetus in veteri facta subinde nova Romanis Aquilis quondam Ducibusque superba Quam pòst barbaricae diripuere manus Pictus atrox Scotus Danus Normannus Anglus Fulmina in hanc Martis detonuere sui Post diras rerum clades totque aspera fata Blandius aspirans aura serena subit Londinum caput est regni urbs prima Britanni Eboracum à primâ jure secunda venit O'er the last borders of the Northern land York's ancient towers tho' oft made new command Of Rome's great Princes once the lofty seat Till barbarous foes o'erwhelm'd the sinking state The Picts the Scots Danes Normans Saxons here Discharg'd the loudest thunder of the War But this once ceas'd and every storm o'erblown A happier gale refresh'd the rising town Let London still the just precedence claim York ever shall be proud to be the next in fame The Ouse being past York begins to be disturb'd with eddies or that whirl of waters which we call Higra and so marches by Bishops-Thorp Bishops-Thorpe that is the Bishop's Village formerly called S. Andrew's Thorpe till Walter Grey Archbishop of York purchased it and to bilk the King's Officers who are always ready to seise the Temporalities of Bishops when a See is vacant gave it to the Dean and Chapter of York upon condition they should always yield it to his successors Of whom Richard le Scrope Arch-bishop of York a hot man and still hankering after novelty and change was in this very place condemned of high treason by King Henry the fourth for his seditious practices oo Upon the same river stands Cawood Cawood the castle of the Archbishops which King Athelstan gave to the Church as I have been told Over against it on the other side the river is seated Rical where Harold Haardread arrived with a numerous fleet of the Danes From hence the Ouse runs to Selby a pretty populous little town and remarkable for Henry the first 's being born in it Here William the first his father built a Church in memory of St. German who quash'd the Pelagian Heresie notwithstanding like a Hydra it had frequently revived and struggl'd for life here in Britain The Abbots of this and of St. Maries at York were the only Abbots of these northern parts that could sit in Parliament pp At last the Ouse runs directly to the Humber 14 Leaving first Escricke a seat of the Lascelles sometimes to be remember'd for that K. James advanced Sir Thomas Knivet the owner therâ—of Lord Knivet to the honour of Baron Knivet of Escricke in the year 1607. passing in it's way by Drax Dâ—ax a little village formerly famous for a Monastery 15 Founded there by Sir William Painell where Philip de Tollevilla William Newbrigensis is my Author had a castle strongly situated in the midst of rivers woods and marshes and defended it against K. Stephen relying on the courage of his men and the great store of arms and provisions in the place however it was soon reduced into the King's power qq ADDITIONS to the West-riding of YORKSHIRE YORKSHIRE without any angular advantages extends into a square of fourscore and ten miles * 〈…〉 p. â—74 adequate in all its dimensions to the Dukedom of Wâ—rtenberg in Germany a Following the river Don we first come to Wortley Wortlâ—y the Issue-male of the family of which name expir'd in Sir Francis Wortley †Sid. Reports 315. who devis'd the greatest part of his estate to Anne Newcomen supposed to be his natural daughter the present wife of the Honourable Sidney Wortley Esq ‖ Dugd. Bar. 2 Vol. p. 445 second son of Edward Mountague Earl of Sandwich slain in the Dutch wars 28 May 1672. who in right of his said wife is Lord of Wortley b Not far from hence is Wentworth Wâ—ntworth Of the family of that name and place was the Right Honourable Thomas Viscount Wentworth Lord Lieutenant of Ireland created Earl of Strafford 15 Car. 1. and Knight of the most noble order of the Garter who being beheaded on Tower-hill 12 May 1641. lyeth here interr'd and was succeeded in his Honours by his son William the present E. of Strafford and Knight of the said noble Order c The Don carries us next to
Preston in Andernesse 〈…〉 instead of Acmundesnesse for so the Saxons nam d this part of the country because between the rivers Ribell and Cocar it hangs out for a long way into the Sea like a Nose it was also afterwards call'd Agmonderâ—nes In William the Conqueror's time there were only 16 villages in it inhabited the rest lay wast as we find in Domes-day and it was possess'd by Roger of Poictiers Afterwards it belong d to Theobald Walter from whom the Butlers of Ireland are descended for so we read in a charter of Richard the first Know ye that we have given and by this present charter confirm'd to Theobald Walter for his homage and service all Agmondernes with all other appurtenances thereunto c. This soil bears oats pretty well but is not so good for barley it makes excellent pasture especially towards the Sea where it is partly champain whence a great part of it is call'd the File 〈…〉 as one would guess for the Feild Yet in the records of the tower it is express'd by the latin word Lima which signifies a File a Smith's Instrument wherewith iron or other things are polish'd In other places it is fenny and therefore counted less wholsom The Wyr a little river which comes from Wierdale a solitary and dismal place touches here as it runs along in a swift stream and passes by Grenhaugh-castle Grenhaugh castle built by Thomas Stanley the first Earl of Derby of that family while he was under apprehension of danger from certain of the nobility outlaw'd in this County whose estates had been given him by Henry the 7th for they made several attempts upon him frequently making inroads into his grounds till at last these feuds were wisely quieted by the moderation of this excellent person In many places along this coast there are heaps of sand b Mr. Ray Northern words p. 20â— has given us an account of the manner of making salt of sea-sand in this County upon which they now and then pour water A new way of making Salt till they grow saltish and then with a hot turf-fire they boil it into a white salt Here are also some deceitful and voracious sands they call them quick-sands Quicksands so dangerous to travellers who when the tide is out take the shortest cut that they ought to use great care lest as Sidonius expresses it they sink and are shipwrack d in their travels by land especially near the mouth of the Cockar where in a field of quicksands if I may so say stands Cockarsand-Abbey Syrticus Ager formerly a small Monastery of the Cluniacks founded by Ranulph de Meschines It lies expos'd to the winds situated between the mouth of the Cockar and the Lune commonly call'd the Lone with a large prospect into the Irish sea The Lone commonly Lune Lune riv which has its rise among the mountains of Westmoreland runs southward in a crooked chanel bank'd so as that the current of the water is much hinder'd To the great gain of those that live thereabouts it affords store of Salmon Salmon in the summer time for this sort of Fish taking great delight in clear water and particularly in sandy fords comes up in great shoals into this and the other rivers on this coast As soon as it enters Lancashire the Lac a little river joyns it from the east Here at present stands Over-burrow Over burrow a small country village but that it was formerly a great city taking up a large plot of ground between the Lac and the Lone and was forc'd to surrender by the utmost misery of a siege and famine I learnt from the inhabitants who have it by a tradition handed down from their Ancestors The place it self shews its own antiquity by many old monuments inscriptions upon stones chequer'd pavements and Roman coins as also by this its modern name which signifies a Burrow If it ever recover its ancient name it must owe it to others and not to me tho' I have sought it with all the diligence I could And indeed one is not to imagine that the particular names of every place in Britain is to be found in Ptolemy Antoninus the Notitia and in Classick Authors If a man might have the liberty of a conjecture I must confess I should take it to be Bremetonacum Bremetonacum which was a distinct place from Brementuracum as Jerom Surita a Spaniard in his notes upon Antoninus very reasonably supposes upon the account of its distance from Coccium or Riblechester From this Burrough the river Lone runs by Thurland-Tunstalls a fort built in Henry the fourth's time by Sir Thomas Tunstall Knight the King having granted him leave to fortifie and kernel his mansion that is What it is to kernel to embattel it and then by Hornby a fine castle Hornby-castle which glories in its founder N. de Mont Begon and in its Lords the Harringtons and the Stanleys Barons de Monte Aquilae or Mont-Eagle Barons Monteagle descended from Thomas Stanley first Earl of Derby 6 And advanc'd to that title by K. Henr. 8. William Stanley the third and last of these left Elizabeth his only daughter and heir marry'd to Edward Parker Lord Morley She had a son William Parker who was restor'd by King James to the honour of his ancestors the Barony of Mont-Eagle and must be acknowledged by us and our posterity to have been born for the good of the whole Kingdom for by an obscure letter privately sent him and produc'd by him in the very nick of time Gun powder-plot the most hellish and detestable treason that wickedness it self could project was discover'd and prevented when the Kingdom was in the very brink of ruin for some of that wicked gang under the execrable masque of Religion stood ready to blow up their King and Country in a moment having before planted a great quantity of Gun-powder under the Parliament-house for that purpose The Lone after it has gone some miles further sees Lancaster on the south side of it the chief town of this county which the inhabitants more truly call c This is its name in all the North part of England Loncaster Lancaster and the Scots Loncastell from the river Lon. Both its name at this day and the river under it in a manner prove it to be the Longovicum wâ—ere under the Lieutenant of Britain as the Notitia informs us a Company of the Longovicarians who took that name from the place kept gaâ—â—ison Thoâ— at present the town is not populous and the inhabitants thereof are all husbandmen for the grounds about it are well cultivated open flourishing and woody enough yet in proof of its Roman antiquity they sometimes meet with coins of the Emperors especially where the Fryers had their cloyster for there as they report stood the marks of an ancient city which the Scots in a sudden inroad in the year 1322 wherein
think m This reading should make it seem to be the ancient Whitern or Candida Casa in Galloway in Scotland being possibly a corruption for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i.e. White-houses Leucopibia Nennius Caer Lualid the ridiculous Welsh Prophecies The City of Duballus we Carlile and the Latins from the more modern name Carleolum For that Luguballia and Carlile are the same is universally agreed upon by our Historians n Caer in Welsh signifies a City and Caer-Luul Caer-Luel Caer-Lugubal as it was anciently writ are the very same with Caer-Leil or Caer-Luil the present appellation and import as much as the Town or City of Luul Luel or Lugubal But as to the Etymology good God! what pains has our Countryman Leland took about it and at last he 's driven upon this shift to fancy Ituna might be call'd Lugus and that Ballum came from Vallis a valley and so makes Lugu-vallum as much as a valley upon the Luge But give me leave also to produce my conjecture I dare affirm that the Vallum and Vallin were deriv'd from that famous military Vallum of the Romans which runs just by the City For Antoninus calls it Luguvallum ad vallum and the Picts-wall that was afterwards built upon the Wall of Severus is to be seen at Stanwicks a small village a little beyond the Eden over which there is a wooden bridge It pass'd the river over against the Castle where in the very chanel the remains of it namely great stones appear to this day Also Pomponius Mela has told us 〈◊〉 â—â—gus â—hat they â—â—gnify'd â—â—ong the â—â—cient Briâ—â—â—ns and â—â—als that Lugus or Lucus signify'd a Tower among the old Celtae who spoke the same Language with the Britains For what Antoninus calls Lugo Augusti is in him Turris Augusti so that Lugu-vallum both really is and signifies a tower or fort upon the wall or vallum Upon this bottom if the French had made their Lugdunum â—â—gduâ—â—m signifie as much as a tower upon a hill and their Lucotetia Lucotetia or Lutetia in France An old Itinerary lately publish'd says that Lugdunum signifies a desirable mountain so the Ancients nam'd what we call Lutetia as much as a beautiful tower for the words import so much in the British possibly they might have been more in the right than by deriving the latter from Lutum dirt and the former from one Lugdus a fabulous King That this City flourish'd in the times of the Romans does plainly enough appear both from the several evidences of Antiquity they now and then dig up and from the frequent mention made of it by Roman Authors And even after the ravages of the Picts and Scots it retain'd something of it's ancient beauty and was reckon'd a City For in the year of our Lord 619. Egfrid King of Northumberland o See the Donation at large in Sim. Dunelm l 2. p. 58. gave it to the famous S. Cuthbert in these words I have also bestow'd upon him the City call'd Luguballia with the lands fifteen miles round it At which time also it was wall'd round The Citizens says Bede carry'd Cuthbert to see the Walls of the City and a Well of admirable workmanship built in it by the Romans At which time Cuthbert as the Durham-book has it founded a Religious-house for Nuns with an Abbess and Schools for the instruction of youth Afterwards being miserably destroy'd by the Danes it lay bury'd for about two hundred years in it's own ashes till it began to flourish again by the favour and assistance of William Rufus who built it a-new with a Castle and planted there a Colony first of the Flemings whom upon better consideration he quickly remov'd into oo North-Wales and the Isle of Anglesey Wales and then of English sent out of the south r Then as Malmesbury has it was to be seen a Roman Triclinium or dining-room of stone arch'd over which neither the violence of Weather nor Fire could destroy On the front of it was this Inscription Marii Victoriae Some will have this Marius to have been Arviragus the Britain others that Marius who was saluted Emperour in opposition to Gallienus and is said to have been so strong that Authors tell us he had nerves instead of veins in his fingers Yet I have heard that some Copies have it not Marii Victoriae but Marti Victori which latter may perhaps be favour'd by some and seem to come nearer the truth Luguballia now grown populous had as they write it's Earl or rather Lord Ralph Meschines or de Micenis from whom are descended the Earls of Chester and being about the same time honour'd with an Episcopal See by Hen. 1. had Athulph for it's first Bishop This the Monks of Durham look'd upon as an injury to their Church When Ralph say they Bishop of Durham was banish'd and the Church had none to protect it certain Bishops seis'd upon Carleil and Tividale and joyn'd them to their own Dioceses How the Scots in the reign of King Stephen took this City and Henry 2. recover'd it how Henry 3. Eversden committed the Castle of Carlile and the County to Robert de Veteri ponte or Vipont how in the year 1292. it was p The Chronicle of Lauercost is very particular in describing this lamentable Fire He that recorded the account was an eye-witness and says that the fire was so violent that it consum'd the villages two miles off as well as the Church Castle and the whole City and by his relation it should seem that the City was then much larger and more populous than at present it is burnt down along with the Cathedral and Suburbs how Robert Brus the Scot in the year 1315. besieg'd it without success c. are matters treated of at large in our Histories But it may be worth our while to add two Inscriptions I saw here one in the house of Thomas Aglionby near the Citadel * Deterioris seculi but not ancient DIIS MANIBV S MARCI TROIANI AVGVSTINANI * Tumulum TVM FA CIENDVM CVRAVIT AFEL AMMILLVSIMA CONIVX †Carissima KARISS To which is joyn'd the effigies of an armed Horseman with a Lance. The other is in the Garden of Thomas Middleton in a large and beautiful Character LEG VI VIC P. F. G. P. R. F. That is as I fancy Legio Sexta Victrix Pia Felix The interpretation of the rest I leave to others Andrew Harcla Earl of Carlisle Carlisle had only one Earl 15 Sir Andrew Andrew de Harcla whom Edward the second to speak from the Original Charter of Creation for his honourable and good services against Thomas Earl of Lancaster and his Adherents for subduing the King's Subjects who were in rebellion and delivering them prisoners to the King by the girding of a sword created Earl under the honour and title of Earl of Carleol But the same person afterwards prov'd ungrateful villanous and perfidious to
these are most a It is not so at this day but on the contrary is as safe and secure as any part of Ireland sadly infested with those pernicious people the O-Tooles and O-Birnes Among these Glynnes lays the Bishoprick of Glandilaugh which has been desolate and forsaken ever since it was annexed to the Archbishoprick of Dublin In other parts this County is very well town'd and peopled and surpasses all other Provinces of Ireland for improvement and beauty 't is divided into five Baronies Rathdown Newcastle Castle-Knoc Cowloc and Balrodry which I cannot as I should indeed desire give a particular account of because I am not well acquainted with the extent and bounds of them First therefore I will only glance along the sea-coast and then follow the rivers as their course leads me into the inner parts of this County none of which are twenty miles distant from the shore To begin in the south the first place we meet with upon the coast is Wicklo Wâ—â—â—lo 〈◊〉 a Coâ—ty 1606. where is a narrow haven with a rock hanging over it enclosed with good walls instead of a Castle which as other Castles of this Kingdom is prohibited by Act of Parliament to be commanded by any one as Governor that is not an English man by reason those Irish men that have bore that charge heretofore have to the damage of the Government either made ill defence in case of an assault or suffered prisoners to escape by their connivance But let us hear what Giraldus says of this port who calls it Winchiligillo There is a port at Winchiligillo on that side of Ireland next Wales which receives the tide every high water and ebbs with the sea and though the sea has gone back and quite left it yet the river which runs into the sea here is all along as it goes salt and brackish Next upon the top of a hill by the sea-side stands New-castle whence may be seen those shelves of sand call'd the Grounds which lye along for a great way upon this coast yet between them and the shore the water is said to be seven fathom deep A little higher where the b It is the bound between the Counties of Dublin and Wicklow so that the part already described south of that river is comprehended in the County of Wicklow Bray a small river runs into the sea stands Old Court â—ld Court the estate of the Wallenses or Walshes of Caryckmain a family not only ancient and noble but very numerous in these parts Next to this is Powers Court â—wers â—â—â—rt formerly as the name it self shews belonging to the Poers a very large castle till Tirlaugh O Toole in a rebellion overthrew it From the mouth of the Bray the shore runs in and admits a bay within that compass where at the very turn of the * Cubiti elbow lyes the little Island of S. Benedict which belongs to the Archbishop of Dublin This bay is call'd Dublin-haven into which runs the Liffy 〈◊〉 v. Lifâ—â—y Giâ—ius Aâ—â— Liff the noblest river of this County though the spring of it be but fifteen miles from the mouth the course of it is so winding and crooked that first it goes south by S. Patricks land and then west after that it plies northward watering the County of Kildare and at length eastward by Castle Knoc heretofore the Barony of the Terils whose estate by females was transferr'd to other families about the year 1370 and by Kilmainam formerly belonging to the Knights of the order of S. John of Jerusalem now converted to a place of retirement for the Lord Deputy This Liffy is certainly mentioned in Ptolemy though the Librarians have carelesly depriv'd it of its proper place For this river Libnius is describ'd in the present editions of Ptolemy to lye in the same latitude in the other part of the Island whereas there is really no such river and therefore now if the reader pleases let it be re-call'd from exile and restored to its Eblana Of it thus Necham Viscera Castle-Knoc non dedignatur Aven-Liff Istum Dublini suscipit unda maris Nor thee poor Castle-Knock does Liffy scorn Whose stream at Dublin to the Ocean 's born For Dublin is but seven miles distant from the mouth of it eminent and memorable above all the Cities of Ireland the same which Ptolemy calls Eblana Eblana Dublin we Develin the Latins Dublinium and Dublinia the Welsh Dinas Dulin the Saxons Duflin the Irish Balacleigh that is a town upon Hurdles for so they think the foundation lyes the ground being soft and quaggy as was Sevill in Spain which Isidore reports to be so call'd because it stood upon pales fastned in the ground which was loose and fenny As for the antiquity of Dublin I have met with nothing that I can positively say of it that the City must needs be very ancient I am satisfy'd upon Ptolemy's authority Saxo Grammaticus makes it to have been sadly shatter'd in the Danish wars afterwards it sell under the subjection of Edgar King of England as his Charter already mentioned testifies 21 Wherein he calleth it the noble City of Ireland Next the Norwegians got possession of it and therefore in the life of Gryffith ap Cynan Prince of Wales we read that Harald the Norwegian after he had subdu'd the greatest part of Ireland built Dublin This Harald seems to be that * Pulchricomus Har-fager first King of Norway whose pedigree stands thus in the life of Gryffith From Harald descended * Other wise call'd Abloâ—eus Anlasus and Olanus Auloed from Auloed another of the same name This Auloed had Sitric King of Dublin Sitric had a son Auloed whose daughter Racwella was mother to Gryffith ap Cynan born at Dublin while †Thirdelacus Tirlough reign'd in Ireland This by the by At length upon the first arrival of the English in Ireland Dublin was soon taken and gallantly defended by them when Ausculph Prince of Dublin and afterwards Gothred Prince of the Isles fiercely assaulted it on all sides A little after an English Colony was transplanted from Bristol hither by King Henry the second giving them this City which was perhaps at that time drain'd of Inhabitants in these words with all the liberties and free customs which those of Bristol enjoyed From that time it flourished more and more and in many doubtful and dangerous circumstances has shown great instances of its loyalty to the Kings of England This is the Royal City of Ireland and the most noble * Emporium Mart wherein the chief Courts of Judicature are held The City is well wall'd neatly built and very populous c Dublin is more tâ—an as big again as it was when Camden wrote the buildings much more supmtuous and the City every way much more glorious and magnificent An old writer describes it to be noble for its many Inhabitants very pleasantly situated Joscelinus de Furnesiâ— In the life