Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	ancient_a	call_v	river_n	4,403	4	7.4109	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60373	Theatrum Scotiæ containing the prospects of Their Majesties castles and palaces : together with those of the most considerable towns and colleges, the ruins of many ancient abbeys, churches, monasteries and convents, within the said kingdom : all curiously engraven on copper plates, with a short description of each place / by John Slezer ...	Slezer, John, d. 1714.; Sibbald, Robert, Sir, 1641-1722.; Trenchard, John, Sir, 1640-1695.	1693 (1693)	Wing S3993; ESTC R19602	30,193	141

Largeness of its Precincts the Number and Opulency of its Inhabitants and Dignity of its Rulers By the most ancient Inhabitants it was called Dun Eden by the Latins Edinodunum and by the Germans Edinburghen all which signifie the same thing Dun Eden signifies a Town upon a Hill or rather a City of the Edeni situated on a Hill The Edeni are those who by Ptolemy are termed Ottodeni which Word as some Learned Men think was mistaken for Scottodeni the two first Letters Sc being worn out with Time For near to this City is Curia Ottodenorum whose Name remains to this Day in a Village Four Miles West from the City called Currie And two Miles West from the Town is Corstopitum which also was among the Ottodeni which is a Village commonly called Corstorfin Ptolomy calls this Place 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Castrum alatum the Winged Castle which is not so called from that kind of Wings which the Greek Builders as says Vitruvius call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which are double Walls so rising to the Height that they resemble Wings For it is likely there was no regular building in that Place at that time but that they were such as by the Poet Juvenal are called Castella Brigantum which sort of Castles we may see described by Tacitus Annal. Lib. XII where he says That upon high Mountains and other Places of difficult Access he built up Stones in Form of a Fence where the River did run on a slippery Ford. Now these Fences of Stone were nothing else but Stones cast together without Mortar which is also clear from the same Author in the fore-cited Place where he says The Souldiers holding their Bucklers over their Heads for a Defence pulled down the unwrought and ill-built Stones which could not have been so easily done if they had not been cast together without Mortar And certainly our Ancestors chose out this as a very fit Place for a Fort of that Nature For the Hill where the Castle stands is exceeding steep and craggy and the Ascent very difficult except where it looks to the East which Part they fortified with Stones cast together as before The Ascent on which the City now stands had and yet hath upon the North-side a standing Pool which is commonly called the North-Loch Upon the South-side of the Hill there was likewise another standing-Pool called the South-Loch The Verity of which the Rights and Leases of some Houses of St. Ninian's Row do testifie which are let with the Privilege of a Boat annexed and these two Lochs or Lakes bounded the City upon these two Sides as the North-Loch does it at this Day upon the North-side but the South-Loch was drained a Hundred Years ago and upon the Banks thereof are built two several Tracts of Houses between which in the Place where the Loch it self stood is a Street called the Cowgate And so the Breadth of the City toward the South is far extended beyond its former Limits as likewise the Length thereof toward the West is much enlarged for the Grass Market and Horse Market are now within the City-Wall The Reason why this Place is called Castrum Alatum or The winged Castle is to be taken from the very Nature of the Place For besides the Lakes on both sides there are two Hills near the Rock on which the Castle stands viz. Sarisbury and Neils Craigs so named from the sometime Owners thereof which in a manner resemble Wings as is easily perceived Coming to the City from the South-East by the Sea Side for then these Rocks appear like Wings stretched forth and the Rock on which the Castle stands like the Head of a Bird with a Tuft And this is the genuine Derivation of the Word I know there are some learned Persons who will have Ptolomy's Castrum Alatum to be in another part of the Country and not to be Edinodunum seeing he makes his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be amongst the Vacomagi but Ptolomy must be born with in all his Mistakes of the Situation of Places here for being an Egyptian living in Alexandria and forced to take things upon Trust and follow the Relation of others it is no Wonder if he be sometimes mistaken The greater Part of the City is built upon the Ascent and it is very probable that the Castle has been the Cause of Building the City For first the Neighbours have built a few Houses near the Castle that under the Reach thereof they might be defended from the Injuries of their Enemies The Number of the People growing apace the Number of the Houses likewise encreased and stretched forth to the very Foot of the Ascent toward the East by which the City together with the Suburbs of the Canon-gate and King's Palace is become one entire Scotch Mile in length but in breadth it is less by the half notwithstanding the Suburbs be included The High Street from the Castle to the Abbey is adorned with stately Buildings which are of late made of hewen Stone since that by an Act of the Town-Council it hath been prohibited for the frequent burnings which happened to build any more Timber-Houses either in the City or Suburbs The great Breadth of the High Street and of the many Lanes which lie on each side the same from the North to the South which send up the Air as it were in Pipes into the High Street and the Nearness of the two Hills called Neils Craigs on the North and Sarisbury Craigs on the South do always refresh the Town with Air which conduces not a little to the Wholesomeness hereof and it was never heard that the Plague raged in it except brought in thither by infected Wares Which Purity of the Air is daily encreased since the Time that excellent fresh Water was brought into the City from a Fountain three Miles distant from the same and that by a most wise Act of the Council all Nastiness is removed The City is enclosed with a kind of an Old Roman Wall on every side except towards the North where the North-Loch does secure it instead of a Wall The City is entered by six Gates or Ports Two of which are to the East two to the South one to the West and one lately made to the North. One of the Gates to the East is called the Netherbow which in the Year 1616 was magnificently rebuilt being the chief Gate of the City adorned with Towers on both sides The other Gate to the East is called the Cowgate Port through which there is an Entry into the Nether Street of the length of the whole City and is called the Cowgate The Eastmost of these Gates to the South through which is an Entry into the City is called the Potter-Row Port from the Suburb called the Potter-Row The Westmost of these is called the Society Port properly the Brewer's Port. They have a great square Court in that Place with Buildings and brave Houses round about it to the very Walls of the

of a large and stately Structure being built of hewn Stone by the several Bishops of that See It anciently consisted of two Ranks of Stone Pillars another cross Church and three Turrets the greatest of which was the Steeple which was set upon Four Pillars of vaulted Works In the Church likewise was a Library but about the Year 1560 it was almost wholly destroyed so that the Ruines do now only remain But the Chief Ornament of this Town is the King's College placed on the South side of the Town conspicuous beyond the rest of the Houses for the Neatness and Stateliness of its Structure 'T is Inferiour to no College in Scotland One side of it is covered with Slate the rest with Lead the Church and Turret or Steeple are of hewen Stone The Windows were of old remarkable for painted Glass and some reliques of their ancient Splendor do yet remain Here is a fine Monument of Bishop Elphingston The Steeple besides others hath two Bells of an extraordinary Bigness The Top of it is vaulted with a double cross Arch above which is a King's Crown having eight Corners upheld by as many Pillars of Stone a round Globe of Stone with two gilded Crosses closing the Crown In the Year 1631 it was overturned by a Storm but shortly after was built in a more stately Form It was begun by Bishop Forbes continued by William Gourdon Dr. of Physick and helped on by the largesses of several Noblemen and Gentlemen of that Country Close to the Church there is a Library provided with many Books much enriched by those which Dr. Henry Scougal Professor of Divinity there and the Right Reverend Dr. Patr. Scougal Bishop of Aberdeen his Father did lately bequeath to it This College was Founded by Bishop Elphingston Anno Dom. 1500. and the greatest part of the Work was likewise Built by him but King James the IV. assumed the Patronage of it to himself whence it is called the King's College In it there is a Primar or Principal a Professor of Theology a Professor of the Civil Law a Professor of Physick a Sub-Principal who is also a Professor of Philosophy three other Philosophy Professors and a Professor of the Languages This College and that in the New Town make up one University called the University of King Charles New ABERDEEN ABERDEEN as I have said is twofold the New Town and the Old They are distant the one from the other about a Mile Abredonia seems to be the same which Ptolomy calls the City Devana placed in the Province called Texale upon the mouth of the River Dee for Aber in the old British Tongue signifies or denotes the mouth of a River and Deva or d ee is the name of the River upon whose mouth this City is situated But New Aberdeen is the Capital of the Sheriffdom of Aberdeen and the Seat of the Sheriff for Trial of Causes It is placed at the Eastern Corner of the Shire where it is wash'd with the German Sea This City very much exceeds the rest of the Cities of the North of Scotland in Bigness greatness of Traffick and Beauty it enjoys a wholesome Air and abounds with well-bred Inhabitants and has a great Revenue from its Salmon fishing The Old City seems to have been placed upon a Bank of the Sea because it is the common Opinion that the Monastery of the Holy Trinity which is thought to have been formerly the Palace of King William is situate in the very Creek of that Sea and not far from it are the Ruins of an old Praetorium In tract of time the Inhabitants seem to have filled several neighbouring little Hills with Houses and now the City is chiefly built upon Three of those Hills and the greatest part upon the highest It hath an access by an ascent every way The exteriour parts thereof are spread out upon the Plain as Suburbs in many places That there was a Mint heretofore in the City appears by Silver Coyns there stamped with this Inscription Vrbs Aberdeae which are yet preserved in the Closets of the curious The Streets are Paved with Flint or a very hard Stone resembling Flint the Houses beautiful both within and without are Four Stories high or more and have for the most part Gardens and Orchards belonging to them so that the whole City to those that approach it gives the resemblance of a Wood. At the West-End of the City a little round Hill adjoyning offers it self to sight from the foot of which Hill breaks forth a Fountain of clear Water and in the middle of the same another Spring flowing down to the foot of the Hill bubbles out and sends forth a Stream as rapid as a Torrent but the spring it self is easily distinguish'd both in Colour and Taste from a Torrent It is called the Aberdonian Spaw because both in Taste and Quality it comes very near to the Spaw Water in the Bishoprick of Liege This Water is cold to the touch Doctor William Barclay a Physician has written a Treatise concerning it In the High Street there is a Church of the Franciscans worthy to be taken notice of built of Free-Stone a Work begun by Doctor William Elphingston then Bishop and finished at the charge of Gavinus Dumbar Bishop of Aberdeen about the Year of Christ 1500. The said Bishop Gavinus Dumbar hath also got himself immortal Honour by a Famous Bridge of seven Arches laid over the River Dee about a Mile from the City built very firm and durable of Free-Stone which in more places than one by Inscription testifies its Author or Builder But the great Ornament of the City is its College called the Mareshallian Academy as founded by the Earl Marshal George Keith in the Year 1593 which the City of Aberdeen hath very much adorned with several additional Buildings It has besides a Primary Professor who is called Principal Four Professors of Philosophy a Professor of Theology and a Professor of the Mathematicks There is also a famous Library Founded by the City of Aberdeen supplied by the Gifts of Learned Men and furnished with divers Mathematical Instruments Add to these the School-House Founded by Dr. Dune which has one Head Master and three Ushers under him There is also a School for Musick The Cathedral Church nominated from St. Nicholas its Patron is built of Free-Stone and covered with Lead has a Steeple resembling a Pyramid and covered likewise with sheets of Lead to a considerable heighth It was divided formerly into Three Churches the bigest whereof was called the Old Church the other the New Church and the third the Arched named the Arch of the Lady of Mercy This Cathedral is propt with Pillars of Free-Stone and has Three Bells of a vast weight which by their quick and continual Sounds divide the half Hours The body of this Church is adorned with a Tower and pinacled Steeple Here is kept the Court for the publick Trials of the Townsmen and the County Courts where is also a

for the Town stands upon the Descent of a steep Rock at the Foot of which there runs a deep River call'd Boderia or Forth It takes its Name from the Saxon Word Ster which signifies a Hill and Lin a Water It was of old called Binobara which by some is judged to be Ptolomy's Vindovara For Bin in our old Language signifies a Hill and Vara a River So that the Name which the Town now retains is the Signification of the old Name thereof At the Head of the Town stands a well fortified Castle adorned with stately Buildings in the former Age by King James the V. This is the Place as Tacitus observes where Clyde and Forth being carried back divide from one another For a great way they are separated by a small Neck of Land which was then strengthned by a Garrison and all that Isthmus was possessed by Soldiers the Enemies being removed as it were into another Island the Inscription on a Stone below the Castle toward the Bridge which makes mention of a Wing of the Army that kept Watch there seeming to intimate as much And although the Romans did several times infest some Places beyond it by their Inroads yet the Strength and Glory of the Roman Name had its Bound in this Place The King's Park lies at the very Foot of the Castle and the City stands on the Back of a Hill toward the South It is enclosed with a Wall and toward the North it is bounded with the River Forth which crossed by a Bridge in that Place The Bridge is of hewen Stone and fortified with an Iron-Gate It consists of four stately Arches and lies South and North. The Ships at full Tide come up to the Bridge and the Haven is a little below the same The Church which is of hewen Stone built very artificially stands in the Upper Part of the Town toward the East adorned with a very high Tower Not far from the Church may be seen the Mansions of the Earls of Argyle and Marr notable both for their Bigness and Artifice of their Structure The Earl of Marr is Governour of this Castle by Heritage It hath a competent Number of Great Ordnance for defending the Passage of the Bridge and a sufficient Garrison established for its Security In times of Trouble the Chief Magazine of the Nation is usually transported to this Place it lying upon a considerable Pass and almost in the Center of the Kingdom As this City stands in a most commodious Place for Commerce so it hath a most delectable and pleasant Prospect by the great and various Windings of the River Forth which are so extraordinary that from the Bridge of Stirling to the Town of Allowa it is 24 Miles by Water and but 4 by Land ALLOWA a Town in Clackmannon-shire and seems to be the same Ptolomy calls Allauna is situated on a pleasant Plain to the North of Forth and hath a convenient Harbour for Ships of Burthen many of which come thither for Salt and Coals Here the Earl of Marr Chief of the Areskins hath a pleasant Dwelling with a Wood adjacent ARCTURI JONSTONI de STERLINO Carmen STERLINO quis digna canat Cunabula Reges Hic sua securis imposuere jugis Aura salutifera est facit hoc vicinia coeli Nec datur à saevo tutior hoste locus Adspicis hic geminis structas in rupibus arces Tectaque Tarpeii turribus aequa Jovis Fortha triumphales hic dum fugit excipit arcus Cogitur curvo subdere colla jugo Haud aliter Phrygiis ludit Maeander in oris Saepe fluit trepida saepe recursat aqua Orbe pererrato levis huc vestigia flectens Advena miratur ruris urbis opes Admiranda quidem sunt haec carmine digna Plus tamen hic virtus martia laudis habet Non semel Ausonios Sterlinum reppulit enses Limes imperii quem bibit amnis erat De STERLINO J. JONSTONI Carmen REgia sublimis celsa despectat ab arce Pendula sub biferis maenia structa jugis Regum augusta Parens Regum nutricula natis Hinc sibi Regifico nomine tota placet Hospita sed cuivis quovis sub nomine amicus Sive es seu non es Hospes an Hostis item Pro lucro cedit damnum disordia tristis Heu quoties procerum sanguine tinxit humum Hoc uno infaelix at faelix caetera nusquam Laetior aut coeli frons geniusve soli To the Right Honourable GEORGE Earl of Linlithgow Lord Levingston and Callander c. One of the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury and One of their Majesties Most Honourable Privy Council LINLITHGOW IS the same which Ptolomy calls Lindum so named for its being situated on the side of a Lake The King's Palace stands on a little Hill towards the middle of the said Lake in which there lies an Island which ascends with several Stairs in the Form of an Amphitheater This Palace is Magnificently built of hewen Stone begun by the former Kings and perfected by King James the VI. It consists of Four Towers between which the Court the Chapel and the rest of the Buildings are extended The Porch bears the Name and Arms of King James the V. In the Inner Court there is a very artificial Fountain adorned with several Statues and Water-Works Close by the Palace is a Church commonly called St. Michael's of a most excellent Structure with a very high Steeple to which the late Earl of Linlithgow added an extraordinary neat Chapel There is a small and easie Descent from the Palace to the Town where is to be seen a large Four-square Court in the middle of which there is another curious Fountain exceeding in all Respects that which is in the Inner Court of the Palace On the South side of this Court is the Tolbooth which is very neatly built of hewen Stone having a very high Steeple with Bells and a very fine Clock In this Tolbooth the Sheriff and Town-Magistrates keep their Courts There is a large Street reaches from the one end of the Town to the other which is adorned on every Side with fair Buildings from each side of which Street divers Lanes do break out which open a Passage into several pleasant Gardens The Lake it self is a Mile in length and a quarter of a Mile over and abounds with Perch and other sorts of Fish On the North side hereof lies the King's Park This Town hath a Harbour for all sorts of Ships near the Castle of Blackness where there is a large Custom-House built with other Houses for the Use of Merchants The Earl of Linlithgow is Hereditary Keeper of the Palace and the King's Baily in that Place De LIMNUCHO Carmen ARCTURI JONSTONI NObile Limnuchum est Pario de marmore templum Hic nitet impensae non mediocris opus Aemula sunt templi turrita palatia Regis Et Praetio superant Solis utramque domum Proximus est urbi nullo lacus aggere