old_a syriac_a name_n keep_v its_o interest_n among_o the_o native_n and_o have_v at_o this_o day_n recover_v a_o entire_a possession_n as_o some_o other_o neighbour_a city_n in_o that_o country_n have_v do_v so_o caesarea_n in_o palestine_n be_v at_o present_a call_v as_o of_o old_a paneas_n and_o petra_n in_o arabia_n be_v now_o name_v bosra_n to_o omit_v other_o instance_n for_o as_o lib._n 14._o c._n 8._o seleucus_n nicator_n urbes_fw-la construxit_fw-la multis_fw-la opibus_fw-la firmas_fw-la &_o viribus_fw-la quarum_fw-la ad_fw-la praesens_fw-la plereque_fw-la licet_fw-la graecis_fw-la nominibus_fw-la appellentur_fw-la quae_fw-la iisdem_fw-la ad_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la imposita_fw-la sunt_fw-la conditoris_fw-la primogenita_fw-la tamen_fw-la nomina_fw-la non_fw-la amittunt_fw-la quae_fw-la ex_fw-la assyriâ_fw-la linguâ_fw-la institutores_fw-la veteres_fw-la indiderunt_fw-la ammianus_n marcellinus_n have_v well_o observe_v when_o seleucus_n nicator_n rebuilt_a many_o old_a city_n in_o syria_n among_o who_o we_o may_v reckon_v palmyra_n and_o give_v they_o strength_n and_o riches_n though_o many_o of_o they_o be_v still_o call_v by_o the_o greek_a name_n which_o their_o founder_n seleucus_n give_v they_o yet_o they_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n among_o the_o native_n retain_v their_o old_a syrian_a appellation_n which_o their_o first_o founder_n impose_v hence_o come_v it_o that_o the_o new_a name_n of_o adrianople_n give_v to_o palmyra_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n wear_v out_o and_o though_o the_o greek_n call_v the_o island_n of_o corsica_n diod._n sic._n l._n 5._o p._n 205._o cyrnus_n the_o native_n still_o maintain_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o true_a name_n and_o it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n steph._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o heraclea_n be_v for_o a_o while_n call_v plistarchia_n in_o time_n it_o assert_v its_o ancient_a right_n and_o be_v call_v as_o former_o heraclea_n and_o i_o hearty_o wish_v that_o the_o learned_a man_n who_o have_v visit_v those_o oriental_a country_n have_v furnish_v themselves_o with_o instrument_n and_o spend_v some_o time_n in_o take_v the_o exact_a longitude_n and_o latitude_n of_o the_o several_a city_n in_o the_o chronological_a account_n i_o have_v follow_v the_o common_o receive_v epochas_n and_o according_o fix_v my_o series_n of_o time_n without_o enter_v into_o a_o overnice_a examination_n of_o particular_a dispute_n in_o chronology_n which_o be_v not_o so_o consonant_a to_o my_o present_a subject_n have_v fix_v the_o year_n of_o the_o creation_n according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o our_o most_o learned_a archbishop_n usher_n i_o have_v free_o use_v the_o name_n of_o the_o heathen_a god_n though_o for_o the_o most_o part_n with_o a_o distinguish_a epithet_n and_o beside_o the_o necessity_n of_o my_o subject_n which_o oblige_v i_o to_o it_o i_o may_v plead_v the_o usual_a practice_n in_o other_o language_n that_o the_o father_n do_v the_o same_o and_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a christian_n who_o go_v large_a length_n than_o i_o ever_o dare_v witness_v that_o epitaph_n in_o gruter_n 1050._o jovis_n optimi_fw-la maximi_fw-la beneficio_fw-la hic_fw-la in_o spe_fw-la resurrectionis_fw-la quiescit_fw-la nor_o can_v i_o be_v persuade_v that_o such_o study_n be_v disagreeable_a to_o my_o profession_n if_o any_o passage_n of_o that_o kind_n appear_v in_o the_o history_n i_o here_o renounce_v it_o and_o may_v it_o be_v as_o if_o it_o have_v never_o be_v say_v or_o write_v while_o the_o learned_a synesius_n have_v publish_v the_o life_n of_o typhon_n and_o osiris_n st._n ambrose_n as_o it_o be_v say_v and_o palladius_n the_o history_n of_o the_o brachmanes_n and_o nonnus_n beside_o his_o paraphrase_n upon_o st._n john_n be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o dionysiaca_n though_o after_o all_o i_o must_v profess_v i_o expect_v to_o be_v treat_v rude_o by_o some_o sour_a critic_n but_o have_v no_o private_a design_n in_o these_o paper_n i_o shall_v please_v myself_o to_o be_v correct_v by_o a_o man_n of_o sense_n and_o temper_n and_o for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tribe_n they_o be_v beneath_o consideration_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o a_o treatise_n of_o this_o kind_a aught_o to_o have_v be_v write_v in_o the_o learned_a language_n as_o probable_o it_o may_v be_v hereafter_o but_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o publish_v the_o commentary_n in_o the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o text_n and_o that_o the_o journal_o have_v be_v set_v forth_o in_o english_a the_o history_n ought_v to_o be_v write_v in_o the_o same_o tongue_n and_o have_v not_o a_o good_a part_n of_o my_o paper_n when_o finish_v be_v unhappy_o lose_v past_o retrieve_v my_o genius_n also_o nauseat_v the_o drudgery_n of_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n over_o again_o i_o may_v perhaps_o have_v manage_v the_o subject_a with_o more_o accuracy_n p._n 258._o i_o have_v affirm_v that_o the_o satur_n and_o jupiter_n of_o the_o heathen_n be_v bear_v after_o the_o day_n of_o job_n and_o of_o joshua_n and_o herein_o i_o have_v follow_v the_o father_n particular_o theophilus_n of_o antioch_n a_o excellent_a chronologist_n and_o who_o by_o that_o unanswerable_a argument_n have_v ruin_v all_o that_o be_v then_o say_v for_o the_o eternity_n of_o the_o world_n and_o of_o the_o heathen_a god_n who_o in_o one_o place_n of_o his_o excellent_a work_n against_o autolycus_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v just_o style_v by_o lactantius_n libre_fw-la de_fw-la temporibus_fw-la affirm_v l._n 2._o p._n 58._o that_o saturn_n jupiter_n neptune_n and_o pluto_n be_v much_o young_a than_o the_o creation_n in_o a_o second_o l._n 3._o p._n 258._o that_o jupiter_n be_v much_o young_a than_o moses_n and_o the_o law_n but_o more_o express_o in_o a_o three_o p._n 282._o that_o cronus_n and_o belus_n i._n e._n saturn_n as_o thallus_n say_v in_o his_o history_n live_v but_o 322_o year_n before_o the_o trojan_a war_n whereas_o moses_n live_v 630_o year_n before_o that_o famous_a epocha_n and_o the_o chronologer_n petavius_n prove_v that_o when_o saturn_n flee_v into_o italy_n drive_v out_o by_o his_o son_n jupiter_n ehud_n be_v then_o a_o judge_n in_o israel_n about_o the_o year_n 1330_o before_o christ_n and_o that_o from_o the_o time_n of_o janus_n to_o who_o saturn_n flee_v to_o aeneas_n the_o whole_a be_v not_o 200_o year_n the_o arabic_a author_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v to_o this_o day_n possess_v with_o the_o opinion_n that_o tadmur_n be_v build_v by_o solomon_n and_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o spirit_n as_o be_v also_o baalbec_n say_v benjamin_n tudelensis_n the_o superstitious_a jew_n and_o arab_n think_v it_o impossible_a that_o art_n shall_v perfect_v a_o stupendous_a building_n without_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o familiar_a if_o the_o city_n be_v destroy_v by_o nabuchadnezzar_n before_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o jerusalem_n as_o john_n malela_n express_o affirm_v and_o in_o this_o account_n we_o may_v give_v he_o credit_n because_o he_o be_v of_o that_o country_n and_o may_v be_v presume_v not_o to_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o affair_n of_o syria_n than_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o seleucus_n nicator_n the_o founder_n of_o the_o syrian_a empire_n rebuilt_a tadhmur_n as_o he_o do_v many_o other_o city_n and_o that_o then_o in_o honour_n to_o he_o and_o compliance_n with_o both_o their_o benefactor_n and_o conqueror_n they_o date_v their_o public_a write_n from_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o empire_n the_o aera_fw-la seleucidarum_fw-la as_o it_o be_v common_o style_v the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n fit_v it_o for_o a_o public_a mart_n and_o the_o city_n alalis_n sura_n ptol._n l._n 5._o c._n 15._o and_o alamata_n be_v part_n of_o palmyrene_n and_o build_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o euphrates_n may_v be_v presume_v the_o port_n where_o they_o bring_v their_o good_n either_o export_v or_o import_v on_o that_o noble_a river_n the_o city_n be_v subject_n to_o the_o republic_a of_o what_o bigness_n and_o capacity_n for_o carriage_n the_o river_n that_o do_v run_v by_o its_o wall_n be_v we_o know_v not_o it_o have_v be_v many_o year_n since_o absorb_v that_o there_o run_v a_o river_n there_o in_o ptolemy_n time_n the_o geogragrapher_n affirm_v express_o that_o many_o other_o river_n have_v be_v lose_v in_o earthquake_n to_o which_o the_o eastern_a region_n be_v very_a subject_n no_o man_n doubt_n and_o some_o which_o yet_o continue_v to_o run_v be_v soon_o bury_v l._n 1._o c._n 13._o mela_n aver_v that_o a_o great_a river_n arise_v near_o corycus_n in_o cilicia_n and_o have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n be_v immediate_o swallow_v and_o disappear_v and_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o aleppo_n be_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n afterward_o bury_v in_o the_o sand_n when_o the_o roman_n begin_v to_o enlarge_v their_o conquest_n in_o syria_n i_o question_v not_o but_o palmyra_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o arab_n for_o when_o pompey_n the_o great_a after_o the_o death_n
name_n i_o have_v in_o the_o history_n affirm_v from_o the_o authority_n of_o censibus_fw-la of_o lib._n 1._o censibus_fw-la ulpian_n that_o caracalla_n make_v palmyra_n a_o colony_n juris_fw-la italici_n but_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o conjecture_n i_o can_v think_v that_o septimius_n severus_n make_v it_o a_o colony_n as_o he_o do_v several_a other_o city_n in_o that_o country_n rhesaina_n tyrus_n laodicea_n nisibis_n and_o singara_n which_o from_o his_o name_n be_v style_v in_o the_o coin_n septimia_n rhesaina_n colonia_n septimia_n tyrus_n septimia_n colonia_n laodicea_n septimia_n colonia_n nisibis_n or_o as_o it_o be_v always_o in_o the_o coin_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o that_o his_o son_n caracalla_n give_v it_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o italian_a city_n as_o ulpian_n affirm_v for_o it_o seem_v to_o i_o past_o all_o doubt_n from_o the_o frequent_a use_n of_o the_o name_n septimius_n and_o septimia_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n who_o give_v it_o as_o a_o praenomen_fw-la to_o the_o people_n of_o both_o sex_n of_o the_o best_a family_n and_o condition_n that_o the_o citizen_n of_o tadmur_n have_v a_o very_a reverend_a regard_n for_o the_o emperor_n septimius_n severus_n but_o we_o want_v coin_n to_o determine_v this_o question_n in_o a_o inscription_n about_o the_o year_n 296._o journal_n pag._n 99_o journal_n for_o i_o be_o willing_a to_o supply_v the_o date_n from_o the_o former_a inscription_n pag._n 98._o because_o they_o both_o treat_v of_o the_o same_o person_n tadmur_n be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o mother_n of_o other_o colony_n say_v the_o editor_n a_o word_n that_o occur_v not_o in_o any_o author_n which_o be_v a_o very_a honourable_a appellation_n schol._n thucyd._n l._n 1._o §_o 25._o p._n 15._o ed._n ox._n cum_fw-la schol._n the_o colony_n be_v oblige_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o honour_v their_o mother_n city_n and_o to_o give_v it_o the_o preference_n the_o law_n have_v appoint_v but_o the_o word_n shall_v be_v divide_v into_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d palmyra_n be_v both_o a_o metropolis_n and_o a_o colony_n as_o be_v several_a other_o city_n in_o syria_n as_o appear_v from_o the_o coin_n colonia_n damascus_n metropolis_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d zephyrus_n metropolis_n colonia_n tyrus_n metropolis_n colonia_n now_o though_o to_o be_v a_o roman_a colony_n be_v a_o great_a honour_n and_o entitle_v the_o city_n to_o great_a privilege_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o it_o leave_v the_o city_n deprive_v of_o its_o former_a unlimited_a liberty_n for_o in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o statute_n 52._o agel_n lib._n 16._o c._n 13._o harduin_n antirrhet_n p._n 37_o 52._o but_o when_o make_v a_o colony_n be_v under_o the_o roman_a jurisdiction_n pay_v submission_n to_o their_o law_n and_o tribute_n to_o the_o emperor_n from_o which_o it_o be_v before_o exempt_a and_o if_o a_o frontier_n town_n as_o palmyra_n be_v it_o admit_v of_o a_o roman_a garrison_n the_o first_o legion_n of_o the_o illyrian_n be_v post_v there_o with_o the_o liberty_n reserve_v to_o the_o citizen_n that_o they_o be_v to_o be_v list_a as_o roman_n into_o their_o legion_n not_o as_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o ecclesiastic_a notitia_fw-la palmyra_n be_v at_o first_o a_o metropolitan_a as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n i._n e._n till_o its_o destruction_n by_o aurelian_a at_o the_o division_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o constantine_n the_o great_a it_o be_v a_o suffragan_n see_v under_o the_o archbishop_n of_o damascus_n who_o in_o the_o six_o act_n of_o the_o council_n hold_v at_o chalcedon_n thus_o subscribe_v for_o the_o bishop_n of_o his_o province_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n from_o whence_o also_o it_o appear_v that_o that_o church_n be_v orthodox_n in_o those_o day_n and_o that_o palmyra_n be_v the_o first_o of_o the_o suffragans_fw-la to_o that_o metropolitan_a but_o afterward_o it_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o edessa_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o notitia_fw-la of_o the_o emperor_n leo_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v no_o long_o a_o place_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a account_n christianity_n have_v be_v for_o some_o age_n total_o banish_v from_o palmyrene_n whether_o the_o merchant_n who_o travel_v from_o syria_n to_o seleucia_n 747._o strab._n lib._n 16._o p._n 747._o and_o babylon_n through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o arabe_n scenitae_n through_o the_o malii_fw-la and_o their_o desert_n and_o ferry_v over_o the_o euphrates_n near_o anthemusia_n in_o mesopotamia_n a_o city_n situate_a near_o the_o river_n aborrhas_n take_v palmyra_n in_o their_o way_n i_o can_v determine_v nor_o whether_o alexander_n the_o great_a march_v his_o army_n through_o or_o by_o that_o city_n when_o have_v leave_v egypt_n and_o past_a through_o phoenicia_n to_o thapsacus_n he_o carry_v his_o troop_n over_o the_o euphrates_n since_o none_o of_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o achievement_n of_o that_o miraculous_a prince_n take_v any_o notice_n of_o palmyra_n though_o it_o be_v to_o i_o unquestionable_a that_o palmyra_n submit_v to_o that_o irresistible_a conqueror_n as_o do_v many_o other_o city_n of_o who_o the_o historian_n make_v not_o any_o mention_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o city_n as_o to_o its_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n be_v different_o account_v for_o by_o the_o writer_n of_o the_o country_n the_o arab_n as_o the_o very_a learned_a dr._n hyde_n inform_v i_o ishmael_n abulfeda_a m.s._n geograph_n m.s._n the_o prince_n of_o hamah_n i_o e._n of_o that_o part_n of_o syria_n wherein_o tadmur_n be_v situate_a who_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o year_n 672._o of_o the_o mahometan_a aera_fw-la and_o constitute_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o year_n 710._o of_o the_o same_o computation_n confess_v that_o his_o countryman_n who_o make_v it_o part_n of_o arabia_n be_v not_o agree_v three_o several_a author_n place_v it_o in_o different_a degree_n the_o first_o fix_v it_o in_o long._n 67.40_o lat._n 34.00_o the_o second_o in_o long._n 67._o 40._o lat._n 30.00_o the_o three_o in_o long._n 64.00_o lat._n 33.50_o but_o calcashendi_n 321._o tâ—n_n 1._o p._n 321._o another_o arabian_a author_n give_v this_o account_n out_o of_o other_o writer_n as_o the_o excellent_a master_n of_o the_o oriental_a language_n dr._n hyde_n translate_v he_o as_o for_o the_o territory_n of_o tadmur_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n al_n tarîph_n say_v it_o be_v situate_a between_o the_o two_o village_n and_o rahba_n and_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v in_o arabia_n in_o the_o four_o of_o the_o seven_o clime_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n of_o longitude_n say_v its_o longitude_n be_v 62_o degree_n and_o its_o latitude_n 34_o degree_n the_o lord_n of_o hamath_n i_o e._n abulpheda_n say_v it_o belong_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o hem_n i._n e._n emesa_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o it_o and_o that_o most_o of_o its_o soil_n be_v saltish_a that_o in_o it_o there_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o sour_a plant_n call_v nagjel_n and_o also_o olive_n there_o be_v likewise_o very_o great_a and_o ancient_a ruin_n consist_v of_o pillar_n and_o rock_n and_o a_o castle_n with_o a_o wall_n the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n call_v all_o raud_n almîtar_n say_v that_o it_o be_v original_o a_o ancient_a city_n which_o the_o spirit_n build_v for_o solomon_n with_o extraordinary_a fortification_n it_o be_v call_v tadmur_n from_o tadmur_fw-la the_o daughter_n of_o hassân_n who_o sepulchre_n be_v there_o and_o solomon_n do_v inhabit_v it_o after_o she_o the_o author_n of_o the_o book_n al-azîzi_a say_v that_o between_o tadmur_n and_o damascus_n be_v 59_o mile_n between_o tadmur_n and_o rahba_fw-la 102_o miles_n the_o lord_n of_o hamath_n say_v it_o be_v from_o hem'_v about_o three_o station_n the_o only_a difference_n in_o the_o account_n be_v in_o this_o that_o the_o longitude_n of_o palmyra_n in_o word_n at_o length_n out_o of_o the_o book_n of_o longitude_n be_v 62._o which_o in_o abulpheda_n geography_n be_v 67._o where_o it_o be_v express_v in_o letter_n which_o must_v be_v attribute_v to_o the_o carelessness_n of_o the_o transcriber_n i_o be_v a_o little_a surprise_v when_o read_v all_o edrisi_n common_o but_o wrong_o call_v the_o nubian_n geographer_n i_o find_v a_o tademyr_n in_o spain_n which_o comprehend_v the_o kingdom_n of_o murcia_n and_o tarragon_n and_o be_v incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o caliph_n send_v a_o colony_n from_o the_o syrian_a tadmur_n as_o well_o as_o from_o the_o other_o city_n of_o his_o vast_a dominion_n to_o people_n spain_n when_o he_o have_v conquer_v it_o who_o from_o their_o own_o native_a city_n give_v the_o name_n to_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n but_o my_o learned_a and_o much_o
old_a all_o of_o palmyra_n who_o by_o divers_a torment_n obtain_v the_o crown_n of_o martyrdom_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v no_o mention_n of_o these_o brave_a woman_n in_o the_o old_a roman_a martyrology_n as_o rosweyd_a account_n it_o nor_o in_o ado_n of_o vienna_n but_o the_o act_n of_o st._n febronia_n who_o suffer_v under_o dioclesian_n at_o sibapolis_n perhaps_o scythopolis_n 25._o v._o mart._n jun._n 25._o or_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o syria_n mention_v they_o as_o person_n who_o suffer_v in_o the_o same_o cruel_a persecution_n it_o be_v plain_a from_o the_o inscription_n find_v at_o tadhmur_n that_o dioclesian_n have_v be_v in_o that_o country_n and_o from_o the_o church-historian_n that_o he_o raise_v a_o violent_a persecution_n in_o syria_n and_o that_o which_o give_v rise_v to_o it_o be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n that_o which_o eusebius_n observe_v that_o a_o little_a while_n after_o the_o christian_n of_o nicodemia_n have_v feel_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o emperor_n several_a confederacy_n be_v form_v in_o melitene_n and_o other_o part_n of_o syria_n to_o seize_v the_o empire_n and_o to_o dethrone_v dioclesian_n now_o in_o every_o insurrection_n or_o tumult_n the_o christian_n be_v sure_a to_o suffer_v as_o the_o author_n of_o sedition_n though_o they_o be_v the_o most_o peaceable_a and_o loyal_a man_n in_o the_o world_n both_o by_o principle_n and_o practice_n thus_o christianity_n subsist_v in_o those_o day_n of_o persecution_n when_o the_o number_n of_o martyr_n increase_v the_o number_n of_o confessor_n but_o than_o peace_n and_o plenty_n be_v by_o the_o bounty_n of_o the_o great_a constantine_n and_o his_o successor_n make_v the_o church_n patrimony_n i_o question_v not_o but_o the_o follower_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n at_o palmyra_n have_v their_o share_n of_o the_o prosperity_n which_o their_o brethren_n enjoy_v till_o the_o viciousness_n of_o the_o christian_a moral_n and_o the_o execrable_a opinion_n and_o heresy_n that_o debauch_v the_o faith_n of_o the_o oriental_n subject_v those_o once_o famous_a church_n to_o the_o mahometan_a yoke_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o syria_n submit_v to_o the_o power_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o that_o false_a prophet_n i_o presume_v palmyra_n be_v by_o degree_n reduce_v to_o the_o mean_a condition_n in_o which_o it_o now_o be_v for_o perhaps_o no_o one_o city_n have_v run_v so_o many_o risk_n of_o different_a fortune_n as_o palmyra_n though_o it_o have_v hitherto_o preserve_v its_o ancient_a name_n and_o situation_n while_n of_o ctesiphon_n and_o persepolis_n niniveh_n and_o babylon_n with_o many_o other_o city_n in_o that_o part_n of_o asia_n it_o may_v be_v aver_v what_o the_o psalmist_n say_v of_o sodom_n and_o the_o other_o city_n which_o god_n destroy_v their_o memorial_n be_v perish_v with_o they_o chap._n vi_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o give_v a_o just_a and_o clear_a account_n of_o the_o several_a fate_n of_o ancient_a kingdom_n and_o government_n especial_o when_o nature_n have_v seem_v to_o please_v itself_o by_o place_v they_o in_o a_o remote_a situation_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n both_o of_o place_n and_o communication_n from_o other_o nation_n and_o this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o tadhmur_n which_o be_v repair_v if_o not_o build_v by_o solomon_n a_o great_a a_o wise_a and_o a_o victorious_a prince_n who_o beautify_v it_o with_o whatever_o may_v afford_v it_o strength_n and_o ornament_n lose_v i_o take_v it_o for_o grant_v in_o a_o little_a time_n after_o under_o his_o son_n rehoboam_n when_o through_o his_o folly_n and_o god_n just_a judgement_n the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o territory_n revolt_v from_o he_o i_o conjecture_v that_o as_o long_o as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o damascus_n keep_v up_o its_o grandeur_n so_o long_a palmyra_n be_v in_o peace_n either_o under_o those_o king_n or_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o its_o own_o senate_n 23.29_o 2_o king_n 23.29_o but_o when_o pharaoh_n necoh_n go_v up_o against_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n to_o the_o river_n euphrates_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o syria_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o it_o be_v for_o a_o while_o subject_a to_o he_o till_o nabuchadnezzar_n conquer_v all_o those_o country_n home_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o pelusium_n now_o damiata_n the_o 152._o the_o jo._n males_n par_fw-fr 2._o pag._n 152._o fabulous_a historian_n of_o antioch_n will_v have_v the_o world_n believe_v that_o when_o nabuchadnezzar_n intend_v to_o besiege_v jerusalem_n it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o have_v man_v it_o with_o a_o very_a stout_a garrison_n and_o that_o victorious_a prince_n not_o think_v fit_a to_o leave_v a_o place_n so_o well_o fortify_v behind_o he_o sit_v down_o before_o it_o and_o when_o he_o have_v take_v it_o burn_v it_o and_o then_o besiege_v and_o take_v jerusalem_n after_o this_o it_o continue_v tributary_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o babylonish_n and_o persian_a empire_n though_o perhaps_o govern_v by_o a_o senate_n of_o its_o own_o citizen_n and_o in_o the_o same_o state_n it_o remain_v under_o the_o successor_n of_o the_o great_a alexander_n the_o king_n of_o syria_n be_v unite_v by_o seleucus_n i_o doubt_v not_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o territory_n whence_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o other_o city_n under_o his_o government_n it_o receive_v the_o use_n of_o the_o syrian_a epocha_n the_o aera_fw-la antiochena_fw-la dhilcarnain_n or_o seleucidarum_fw-la and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o macedonian_a month_n which_o the_o inscription_n undeniable_o prove_v chap._n vii_o syria_n say_v 676._o say_v bell._n civ_o l._n 5._o p._n 676._o appian_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o posterity_n of_o selencus_fw-la nicator_n to_o the_o day_n of_o antiochus_n pius_n and_o his_o son_n but_o when_o pompey_n the_o great_a conquer_v it_o and_o make_v it_o a_o province_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o a_o roman_a precedent_n the_o first_o who_o bear_v that_o office_n be_v scaurus_n and_o after_o he_o though_o not_o immediate_o gabinius_n gabinius_n be_v succeed_v by_o crassus_n who_o be_v slay_v by_o the_o parthian_n leave_v his_o government_n to_o bibulus_n but_o whether_o in_o all_o this_o space_n of_o time_n while_o the_o roman_a eagle_n hover_v over_o the_o east_n palmyra_n be_v a_o sharer_n in_o in_o the_o common_a calamity_n and_o feel_v the_o talon_n of_o that_o bird_n of_o prey_n we_o have_v no_o account_n after_o the_o death_n of_o julius_n caesar_n every_o city_n submit_v to_o a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o the_o parthian_n afford_v they_o their_o assistance_n have_v upon_o the_o invitation_n of_o those_o tyrant_n penetrate_v syria_n this_o incense_a marc_n antony_n who_o expel_v the_o usurper_n exact_v heavy_a tax_n from_o other_o city_n and_o attempt_v palmyra_n for_o when_o cleopatra_n who_o wait_v on_o he_o in_o cilicia_n be_v return_v home_o antony_n who_o have_v give_v himself_o up_o to_o her_o embrace_n and_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o honour_n obey_v all_o her_o dictate_v command_v his_o horse_n to_o plunder_n palmyra_n upon_o the_o light_n and_o trifle_a pretext_n that_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o situation_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o parthian_n the_o palmyrenian_o be_v firm_a to_o neither_o interest_n but_o mind_v their_o own_o profit_n and_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o merchandise_n but_o in_o truth_n that_o he_o may_v pay_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o spoil_n of_o that_o wealthy_a city_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n be_v aware_a of_o the_o invasion_n carry_v all_o their_o rich_a movable_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n the_o bank_n of_o which_o they_o line_v with_o their_o archer_n upon_o which_o antony_n troop_n find_v the_o city_n empty_a of_o inhabitant_n and_o of_o the_o riches_n they_o so_o eager_o covet_v have_v lose_v their_o labour_n return_v to_o their_o camp_n this_o invasion_n occasion_v the_o next_o parthian_a war_n many_o of_o the_o petty_a prince_n of_o syria_n fly_v for_o shelter_n to_o the_o parthian_n while_o marc_n antony_n have_v be_v so_o scandalous_o foil_v stay_v no_o long_o in_o syria_n to_o settle_v affair_n and_o quiet_a disturbance_n but_o hasten_v into_o egypt_n to_o attend_v cleopatra_n to_o who_o he_o have_v entire_o devote_v himself_o and_o his_o fortune_n chap._n viii_o in_o this_o state_n of_o freedom_n ease_n and_o plenty_n it_o continue_v under_o augustus_n and_o the_o succeed_a emperor_n govern_v by_o their_o own_o officer_n and_o law_n as_o pliny_n express_o averr_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o trajan_n when_o i_o conjecture_v it_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o common_a calamity_n with_o edessa_n nisibis_n traj_n dio_fw-mi cass_n traj_n and_o other_o frontier_n town_n of_o the_o east_n who_o fate_n it_o be_v common_o to_o be_v harass_v on_o both_o side_n for_o trajan_n have_v in_o his_o six_o consulate_v declare_a war_n against_o the_o armenian_n and_o parthian_n upon_o the_o
for_o as_o she_o follow_v he_o in_o all_o his_o war_n so_o she_o accompany_v he_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o goth_n when_o he_o be_v assassinate_v at_o heraclea_n and_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o army_n after_o they_o have_v dispatch_v her_o ephemerous_a competitor_n maeonius_n a_o man_n of_o the_o loose_a manner_n profuse_a luxury_n and_o a_o ungovernable_a temper_n manage_v that_o vast_a empire_n with_o a_o bravery_n and_o conduct_v true_o heroic_a and_o above_o her_o sex_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o wise_a minister_n and_o general_n odenathus_n leave_v she_o keep_v up_o the_o reputation_n of_o her_o government_n and_o advance_v it_o she_o be_v prudent_a and_o fair_a learned_a and_o stout_a as_o rigorous_a as_o a_o tyrant_n to_o those_o who_o be_v perverse_a and_o obstinate_a but_o humane_a and_o kind_a to_o all_o who_o be_v ready_a to_o live_v under_o law_n and_o discipline_n she_o surpass_v even_o her_o husband_n who_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o illustrious_a personage_n in_o the_o world_n in_o courage_n magnanimity_n and_o every_o generous_a quality_n in_o a_o word_n she_o be_v a_o addroit_fw-fr accomplish_v lady_n who_o have_v all_o the_o transcendent_a quality_n that_o will_v create_v she_o the_o esteem_n of_o the_o world_n and_o render_v her_o worthy_a the_o noble_a throne_n upon_o earth_n be_v of_o high_a birth_n extraordinary_a accomplishment_n and_o the_o great_a performance_n her_o original_a be_v noble_a 200._o treb._n pol._n p._n 196_o 198_o 200._o and_o the_o best_a blood_n of_o the_o egyptian_a king_n flow_v in_o her_o vein_n for_o she_o derive_v herself_o from_o the_o family_n of_o the_o ptolemy_n and_o from_o cleopatra_n and_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n for_o the_o last_o queen_n of_o egypt_n who_o with_o dido_n and_o semiramis_n she_o celebrate_v as_o the_o heroine_n of_o their_o several_a age_n zenobia_n particular_o propose_v to_o herself_o the_o imitation_n of_o all_o cleopatra_n illustrious_a qualification_n while_o she_o avoid_v those_o vice_n that_o eclip'_v her_o glory_n her_o mother_n name_n we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o but_o her_o father_n be_v achilleus_n zozimus_n call_v he_o antiochus_n who_o the_o palmyrenian_o choose_v to_o be_v their_o prince_n 219._o vopisc_n p._n 219._o when_o they_o take_v arm_n against_o aurelian_a to_o he_o zosimus_n say_v that_o aurelian_a give_v his_o life_n and_o liberty_n after_o he_o have_v make_v he_o his_o prisoner_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o most_o unpardonable_a conjecture_n to_o imagine_v that_o he_o be_v the_o father_n of_o lucius_n epidius_n achilleus_n who_o twenty_o year_n afterthe_a sack_n of_o palmyra_n be_v make_v governor_n of_o egypt_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o imperial_a purple_n and_o maintain_v his_o pretension_n for_o six_o year_n at_o the_o least_o as_o the_o coin_n express_o inform_v we_o and_o at_o last_o after_o he_o have_v be_v besiege_v eight_o month_n in_o alexandrid_a be_v overcome_v by_o dioclesian_n and_o galerius_n and_o put_v to_o death_n her_o beauty_n be_v as_o illustrious_a as_o her_o birth_n 192._o id._n p._n 192._o but_o manly_a and_o august_n not_o soft_a and_o effeminate_a cornelius_n capitolinus_n affirm_v that_o she_o be_v the_o handsome_a of_o all_o the_o eastern_a lady_n though_o syria_n be_v famous_a for_o beauty_n more_o than_o one_o of_o the_o roman_a empress_n owe_v their_o birth_n to_o that_o country_n her_o face_n be_v of_o a_o brownish_a colour_n 199._o pag._n 199._o and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o she_o appear_v so_o at_o rome_n who_o in_o palmyrene_n have_v be_v inure_v to_o march_v in_o the_o head_n of_o her_o army_n on_o foot_n several_a mile_n at_o a_o time_n where_o the_o ray_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v so_o servant_n and_o so_o troublesome_a her_o eye_n black_a and_o sparkle_v her_o mien_n divine_a her_o charm_n irresistible_a her_o tooth_n of_o such_o a_o extraordinary_a whiteness_n that_o some_o man_n think_v they_o pearl_n her_o voice_n clear_a and_o masculine_a and_o all_o her_o shape_v regular_a and_o lovely_a and_o with_o her_o beauty_n she_o have_v youth_n and_o vigour_n for_o after_o her_o captivity_n she_o be_v marry_v at_o rome_n and_o there_o have_v child_n by_o a_o man_n of_o the_o senatorian_a dignity_n but_o all_o the_o symmetry_n of_o her_o face_n and_o the_o beauty_n of_o her_o mien_n be_v not_o fit_a to_o stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o more_o ravish_a accomplishment_n of_o her_o mind_n chap._n xviii_o her_o ancestor_n cleopatra_n be_v a_o lady_n of_o great_a wit_n steph._n plut._n m._n anton._n p._n 1698._o &_o pass_v edit_fw-la steph._n and_o many_o language_n so_o that_o she_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o a_o interpreter_n but_o herself_o answer_v all_o foreigner_n that_o petition_v she_o in_o their_o own_o language_n aethiopian_n troglodyte_n jew_n arab_n syrian_n mede_n and_o parthian_n whereas_o her_o predecessor_n hardly_o understand_v the_o speech_n of_o their_o own_o country_n the_o greek_a and_o the_o coptick_n and_o all_o this_o variety_n be_v recommend_v by_o a_o charm_a delivery_n her_o word_n flow_v with_o a_o delicate_a sweetness_n intermix_v with_o a_o become_a raillery_n the_o several_a language_n which_o she_o speak_v be_v like_o the_o several_a note_n of_o a_o well-tuned_a lute_n every_o thing_n that_o she_o say_v be_v harmonious_a and_o give_v a_o new_a pleasure_n to_o all_o who_o hear_v she_o and_o in_o this_o qualification_n 199._o qualification_n pol._n p._n 199._o zenobia_n strive_v to_o imitate_v that_o great_a lady_n she_o have_v some_o knowledge_n of_o the_o latin_a tongue_n but_o out_o of_o modesty_n use_v it_o not_o but_o she_o speak_v greek_a and_o the_o language_n of_o egypt_n in_o perfection_n and_o so_o well_o skilled_a be_v she_o in_o the_o alexandrian_a and_o oriental_a history_n that_o she_o be_v say_v to_o have_v write_v a_o epitome_n of_o they_o and_o she_o be_v also_o acquaint_v with_o as_o much_o of_o the_o roman_a affair_n as_o be_v treat_v of_o in_o greek_a and_o though_o she_o understand_v other_o tongue_n more_o accurate_o than_o the_o latin_a and_o think_v it_o not_o worth_a her_o while_n to_o be_v a_o critic_n in_o it_o yet_o she_o command_v her_o son_n to_o inure_v themselves_o to_o the_o language_n of_o rome_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o greece_n which_o they_o speak_v but_o seldom_o and_o with_o some_o difficulty_n design_v they_o probable_o in_o her_o ambitious_a thought_n for_o the_o government_n of_o that_o proud_a city_n as_o she_o have_v already_o declare_v they_o emperor_n to_o which_o end_n she_o have_v provide_v herself_o of_o a_o pompous_a chariot_n in_o which_o she_o intend_v to_o have_v make_v her_o triumphant_a entry_n into_o the_o capital_a of_o the_o world_n as_o a_o conqueror_n while_o it_o happen_v that_o she_o be_v carry_v in_o the_o same_o chariot_n a_o captive_n into_o that_o haughty_a city_n vopisâ—_n vopisâ—_n and_o as_o she_o be_v very_o learned_a herself_o so_o she_o become_v a_o declare_a patroness_n of_o art_n and_o a_o favourer_n of_o scholar_n longinus_n the_o best_a critic_n of_o the_o age_n he_o live_v in_o and_o perhaps_o of_o any_o age_n and_o a_o philosopher_n of_o unquestionable_a reputation_n fix_v his_o residence_n at_o the_o court_n of_o this_o heroic_a empress_n be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n in_o our_o council_n teach_v her_o greek_a and_o be_v probable_o make_v the_o governor_n of_o her_o son_n and_o can_v longinus_n have_v persuade_v porphyry_n who_o by_o letter_n he_o earnest_o invite_v to_o palmyra_n with_o the_o queen_n allowance_n i_o doubt_v not_o that_o admirable_a platonist_n have_v taste_v of_o her_o bounty_n as_o do_v paulus_n of_o samosata_n and_o other_o votary_n of_o learning_n in_o that_o age._n satrectionem_fw-la age._n id._n p._n 198._o sec._n satrectionem_fw-la her_o magnificence_n go_v a_o equipage_n with_o her_o learning_n and_o her_o charm_n from_o the_o coin_n it_o appear_v that_o she_o take_v the_o name_n of_o augusta_n manage_v the_o empire_n not_o only_o in_o her_o son_n name_n as_o the_o historian_n say_v but_o in_o her_o own_o and_o while_o gallienus_n be_v sauntr_v in_o rome_n among_o fiddler_n and_o player_n she_o keep_v the_o state_n of_o a_o persian_a monarch_n and_o to_o perpetuate_v her_o memory_n she_o build_v a_o city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n euphrates_n towards_o the_o west_n five_o mile_n from_o the_o castle_n of_o mambri_n near_a to_o the_o roman_a territory_n but_o three_o day_n journey_n from_o circesium_n which_o she_o call_v by_o she_o own_o name_n zenobia_n which_o 43._o proeop_n pers_n l._n 2._o c._n 5._o p._n 97._o &_o the_o aedific_a l._n 2._o c._n 8._o p._n 42_o 43._o when_o in_o after_o age_n it_o fall_v into_o decay_n be_v repair_v fortify_v and_o beautify_v by_o justinian_n and_o the_o place_n where_o the_o emperor_n aurelian_a give_v she_o a_o house_n at_o tivoli_n think_v itself_o happy_a to_o change_v its_o old_a name_n for_o that_o of_o this_o
honour_a friend_n dr._n bernard_n have_v inform_v i_o that_o the_o spanish_a tademir_n may_v be_v derive_v as_o to_o name_n and_o no_o otherwise_o from_o the_o syrian_a tadmor_n or_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d tadmera_n mescella_n populi_n from_o a_o mixture_n of_o several_a nation_n inhabit_v there_o as_o tidal_a in_o holy_a writ_n be_v call_v the_o king_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o galilee_n style_v galilee_n of_o the_o gentile_n the_o arab_n of_o this_o age_n say_v that_o in_o ancient_a time_n solomon_n ebn_n el_fw-es doud_n or_o the_o son_n of_o david_n build_v a_o city_n in_o that_o place_n which_o be_v destroy_v be_v re-edifyed_a by_o a_o strange_a people_n and_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n pretend_v to_o show_v you_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n where_o one_o of_o solomon_n concubine_n lie_v bury_v as_o if_o that_o great_a king_n have_v fix_v his_o court_n there_o have_v destine_v it_o to_o his_o retirement_n and_o pleasure_n as_o josephus_n seem_v to_o affirm_v chap._n ii_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o city_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o i_o question_v not_o but_o as_o their_o first_o language_n be_v hebrew_n or_o syriack_n so_o the_o people_n have_v syriack_n or_o hebrew_n name_n this_o want_v no_o further_a confirmation_n the_o inscription_n put_v it_o past_o all_o doubt_n odenathus_n airanes_n vaballathus_n mocimus_n orodes_n zabdas_n matthas_n jaribolus_n etc._n etc._n be_v all_o pure_a syriack_n and_o have_v the_o curiosity_n of_o our_o english_a traveller_n direct_v they_o to_o have_v transcribe_v the_o syriack_n inscription_n as_o well_o as_o the_o greek_a at_o tadmur_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o as_o we_o may_v from_o they_o have_v retrieve_v the_o old_a syriack_n alphabet_n so_o we_o also_o may_v have_v be_v enable_v to_o correct_v more_o than_o one_o mistake_v either_o of_o the_o grave_a or_o transcriber_n as_o i_o shall_v unquestionable_o demonstrate_v there_o be_v such_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o famous_a city_n this_o method_n i_o doubt_v not_o the_o palmyrenian_o make_v use_v of_o that_o their_o public_a monument_n as_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v may_v preserve_v the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o ancient_a native_a language_n and_o i_o hope_v some_o attempt_n will_v be_v make_v to_o recover_v at_o least_o the_o understanding_n of_o their_o letter_n for_o monsieur_n petit_n specimen_fw-la in_o spon_n miscellany_n be_v all_o dream_n and_o that_o learned_a man_n if_o he_o have_v be_v in_o earnest_a will_v doubtless_o have_v give_v we_o his_o alphabet_n and_o the_o inscription_n according_o reduce_v into_o the_o hebrew_n or_o some_o other_o know_v character_n it_o be_v true_a he_o say_v they_o be_v the_o phaenician_a probable_o the_o same_o with_o the_o old_a syriack_n letter_n for_o gruter_n opinion_n that_o they_o be_v arabic_a be_v not_o to_o be_v defend_v but_o i_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o antony_n gallandius_n confutation_n of_o mr._n petit_n in_o the_o same_o miscellany_n after_o the_o roman_n have_v extend_v their_o empire_n into_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o syria_n the_o man_n of_o palmyra_n agreeable_a to_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o other_o nation_n of_o the_o east_n assume_v to_o themselves_o a_o prae-nomen_a the_o custom_n of_o have_v two_o name_n have_v be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o greek_n and_o syrian_n about_o the_o time_n of_o trajan_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v confirm_v by_o the_o sepulchral_v inscription_n at_o tadmur_n 4._o n._n 3_o 4._o the_o most_o ancient_a of_o which_o be_v erect_v under_o trajan_n where_o the_o name_n of_o elabelus_n mannaeus_fw-la soraechus_n malchus_n vaballathus_n gichus_n mocimus_n stand_v alone_o without_o any_o prae-nomina_a but_o in_o the_o inscription_n of_o aftertime_n septimius_n rupilius_n julius_n aurelius_n frequent_o occur_v which_o be_v roman_n be_v prefix_v to_o their_o syriack_n name_n as_o some_o of_o they_o have_v two_o syriack_n name_n the_o last_o have_v probable_o be_v givent_fw-fr to_o those_o who_o be_v adopt_v into_o other_o family_n as_o phanius_fw-la mocimus_n qui_fw-la &_o airanes_n julius_n aurelius_n zenobius_n qui_fw-la &_o zabdilas_fw-la the_o fore-name_n septimius_n be_v in_o very_o frequent_a use_n at_o tadmur_n probable_o in_o honour_n of_o septimius_n severus_n the_o emperor_n their_o benefactor_n the_o first_o of_o their_o emperor_n be_v septimius_n odenathus_n their_o only_a empress_n septimia_n zenobia_n their_o great_a man_n septimius_n orodes_n and_o septimius_n airanes_n now_o the_o prae-nomen_a be_v either_o greek_a or_o roman_a the_o second_o the_o proper_a syriack_n name_n of_o the_o person_n be_v postponed_a to_o that_o which_o be_v assume_v ex_fw-la gr_n septimius_n zenobius_n longinus_n cassimus_fw-la julius_n aurelius_n zenobius_n alexander_n capadetus_n julius_n aurelius_n ealme_n if_o it_o shall_v not_o rather_o be_v read_v palm_n for_o he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o roman_a and_o a_o gentleman_n of_o one_o of_o their_o troop_n now_o palma_n be_v a_o know_a name_n among_o the_o roman_n palma_n the_o consul_n and_o the_o lieutenant-general_n to_o trajan_n in_o his_o parthian_a expedition_n be_v very_o famous_a who_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a faction_n to_o adrian_n 4._o sparta_n hadr._n p._n 2_o 4._o be_v slay_v at_o terracina_n by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o can_v agree_v with_o the_o learned_a mr._n halley_n correct_v the_o coin_n of_o vaballathus_n and_o read_v airanes_n for_o hermeias_n for_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o in_o those_o name_n the_o first_o be_v greek_n or_o latin_a the_o latter_a syriack_n which_o also_o confirm_v i_o in_o my_o opinion_n that_o vaballathus_n be_v the_o son_n of_o herodes_n or_o herodianus_n and_o that_o the_o father_n name_n be_v athenas_n herodes_n of_o which_o more_o hereafter_o it_o be_v also_o observable_a that_o the_o palmyrenian_o like_o their_o neighbour_n the_o arab_n with_o their_o own_o name_n give_v their_o pedigree_n reckon_v up_o their_o ancestor_n many_o time_n to_o their_o great-grand-father_n this_o the_o saracenic_a history_n put_v out_o of_o all_o dispute_n as_o to_o the_o arab_n and_o the_o inscription_n as_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tadmur_n now_o to_o show_v that_o the_o name_n be_v of_o syriack_n or_o hebrew_n extraction_n as_o the_o prae_fw-la nomina_fw-la of_o greek_a or_o latin_a be_v a_o easy_a undertake_n jaribolus_n or_o jariboleus_n be_v jerubbaal_n gideon_n name_n bareiche_n be_v barachias_n baruchus_n 346._o tom._n 3._o mon._n graec._n p._n 346._o or_o barachus_fw-la of_o which_o name_n be_v baruch_n the_o prophet_n jeremy_n scribe_n and_o a_o bishop_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o borochus_n the_o judge_n in_o jamblichus_n ouorodes_n be_v orodes_n and_o herod_n soraechus_n saruch_n nahar_n father_n gen._n 11._o and_o in_o jamblicus_n 94._o jamblicus_n apud_fw-la phot._n cod._n 94._o babylonicks_n soraechus_n the_o son_n of_o soraechus_n the_o publican_n make_v a_o considerable_a figure_n simon_n be_v pure_o hebrew_a vaballathus_n be_v balathus_n with_o the_o arabic_a praefix_n bal_n belus_n bolathus_n and_o balathus_n the_o same_o name_n in_o damascius_n ballatha_n be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o syrian_a city_n in_o ptolemy_n and_o sanballat_n i._n e._n the_o prince_n ballathus_n appear_v in_o holy_a writ_n the_o governor_n of_o mesopotamia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d nehem._n 2.9_o and_o vaballathus_n in_o vopiscus_n be_v call_v balbatus_n for_o ballathus_n 30._o euseb_n l._n 7._o c._n 30._o bolanus_n be_v one_o of_o the_o bishop_n who_o in_o the_o synod_n of_o antioch_n condemn_v paulus_n of_o samosata_n matthas_n among_o the_o man_n and_o martha_n among_o the_o woman_n be_v also_o hebrew_a matthas_n matthat_n matthan_n mattathas_n airanes_n aarones_n jaraius_n jair_n elabelus_n be_v elbelus_n or_o the_o god_n bel_n sometime_o alagbelus_n alagabalus_fw-la corrupt_o heliogabalus_n mannaeus_fw-la be_v the_o same_o name_n with_o manoah_n 13.2_o judg._n 13.2_o or_o as_o the_o lxx_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o manahath_n 1_o chron._n 1.40_o zenobius_n be_v a_o common_a name_n among_o the_o phaenician_o and_o syrian_n 13._o syrian_n l._n 8._o c._n 13._o eusebius_n mention_n two_o martyr_n of_o that_o name_n who_o suffer_v in_o the_o dioclesian_n persecution_n the_o one_o a_o admirable_a physician_n the_o other_o a_o presbyter_n of_o the_o church_n of_o sidon_n against_o zenobius_n of_o emesa_n 228._o phot._n â—od_a 228._o ephremius_n the_o patriarch_n of_o antioch_n write_v a_o learned_a treatise_n and_o zenobius_n a_o bishop_n of_o cilicia_n be_v martyr_a in_o the_o same_o persecution_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o his_o sister_n zenobia_n say_v simeon_n metaphrastes_n and_o the_o wife_n of_o basiliscus_n the_o emperor_n be_v also_o call_v zenobia_n malech_n malchus_n and_o malchion_n of_o which_o name_n be_v a_o eminent_a 29._o eminent_a id._n l._n 7._o c._n 29._o presbyter_n of_o antioch_n who_o oppose_v paulus_n of_o samosata_n the_o
of_o the_o famous_a mithradates_n march_v against_o aretas_n the_o king_n of_o the_o arab_n appian_n call_v he_o king_n of_o the_o nabataean_a arab_n ann_n v._o c._n 690._o ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 63._o his_o kingdom_n reach_v from_o the_o river_n euphrates_n to_o the_o red_a sea_n say_v dio_n l._n 36._o in_o which_o compass_n palmyra_n must_v be_v include_v this_o aretas_n be_v doubtless_o one_o of_o the_o al-hariths_a of_o the_o arabian_n who_o be_v king_n of_o gessan_n and_o in_o late_a age_n lord_n of_o taahmur_n after_o which_o time_n i_o believe_v it_o acknowledge_v the_o roman_a power_n but_o be_v govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n have_v under_o its_o immediate_a jurisdiction_n beside_o the_o three_o city_n on_o the_o river_n already_o mention_v twelve_o more_o in_o the_o inland_n of_o syria_n when_o trajan_n make_v his_o glorious_a expedition_n into_o persia_n i_o conjecture_v palmyra_n be_v a_o sufferer_n in_o the_o common_a calamity_n of_o that_o country_n for_o pliny_n say_v it_o be_v sometime_o in_o the_o roman_a at_o other_o in_o the_o parthian_a interest_n or_o else_o it_o will_v not_o have_v need_v hadrian_n assistance_n to_o rebuild_v and_o beautify_v it_o while_o other_o city_n taste_v of_o trajan_n bounty_n for_o from_o trajan_n expedition_n in_o the_o 8_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o christ_n 105._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bozra_n and_o petra_n date_v their_o write_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicle_n l._n 3._o p._n 105._o and_o zosimus_n affirm_v that_o at_o zaragardia_n not_o far_o from_o the_o euphrates_n on_o the_o persian_a side_n in_o his_o time_n there_o stand_v a_o noble_a throne_n build_v of_o stone_n which_o the_o native_n call_v trajan_n throne_n erect_v i_o doubt_v not_o in_o memory_n of_o his_o illustrious_a achievement_n in_o that_o country_n but_o whatever_o palmyra_n may_v have_v suffer_v under_o trajan_n be_v repair_v by_o his_o successor_n who_o give_v the_o city_n his_o own_o name_n and_o they_o in_o gratitude_n make_v vow_n for_o his_o recovery_n not_o in_o the_o last_o the_o 19_o of_o his_o reign_n as_o through_o haste_n be_v say_v f._n 35_o 36._o he_o reign_v almost_o 22_o year_n but_o in_o the_o seventeen_o from_o which_o sickness_n he_o recover_v to_o die_v afterward_o in_o great_a torment_n and_o this_o i_o mention_v here_o that_o i_o may_v correct_v the_o mistake_n in_o the_o history_n to_o this_o city_n septimius_n severus_n may_v also_o be_v presume_v a_o benefactor_n to_o who_o before_o his_o famous_a expedition_n against_o the_o parthian_n sparta_n vit_fw-mi septim_fw-la p._n 67._o when_o he_o rout_v niger_n with_o who_o the_o arab_n parthian_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o adiabene_n join_v their_o force_n the_o republic_a give_v their_o assistance_n against_o the_o ally_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o adopt_v his_o name_n into_o their_o most_o eminent_a family_n after_o which_o time_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o zenobia_n i_o take_v they_o to_o have_v be_v in_o confederacy_n with_o and_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n for_o they_o assist_v both_o alexander_n severus_n and_o gordian_n in_o their_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n against_o the_o persian_n as_o the_o inscription_n testify_v only_o it_o look_v probable_a that_o upon_o the_o captivity_n of_o valerian_n the_o senate_n for_o a_o while_o dissemble_v their_o interest_n and_o acknowledge_v the_o power_n of_o sapores_fw-la in_o the_o battle_n at_o immae_n where_o zenobia_n be_v rout_v s._n hierom_n affirm_v that_o pompeianus_n the_o frank_n settle_v at_o antioch_n but_o the_o family_n be_v unquestionable_o fix_v in_o that_o country_n long_o before_o capitol_n marcus_n for_o when_o marcus_n the_o philosopher_n undertake_v the_o german_a war_n he_o marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o claudius_n pompeianus_n who_o be_v of_o antioch_n this_o also_o i_o mention_v to_o correct_v another_o mistake_n after_o the_o captivity_n of_o zenobia_n the_o city_n be_v a_o spectacle_n of_o pity_n but_o be_v a_o necessary_a frontier_n be_v repair_v and_o in_o dioclesian_n time_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n in_o the_o day_n of_o constantius_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v note_v as_o now_o for_o great_a robber_n p._n 8._o say_v the_o old_a geographer_n set_v out_o by_o gothofred_n and_o govern_v by_o woman_n but_o that_o i_o take_v for_o grant_v be_v a_o error_n as_o if_o when_o zenobia_n have_v begin_v to_o wield_v a_o sceptre_n none_o but_o her_o own_o sex_n in_o that_o country_n dare_v pretend_v to_o command_v malel_n part_n 2._o p._n 39_o theodosius_n the_o great_a divide_a libanesia_n from_o the_o sea-coast_n of_o phoenicia_n and_o make_v it_o a_o distinct_a province_n emesa_n be_v the_o metropolis_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n palmyra_n be_v put_v and_o so_o continue_v when_o the_o follower_n of_o mahomet_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o that_o country_n and_o for_o many_o century_n after_o for_o in_o abulfedas_n time_n above_o 1300_o after_o christ_n tadhmur_v acknowledge_v hem_n emesa_n its_o metropolis_n and_o probable_o it_o be_v so_o after_o his_o time_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o same_o theodosius_n if_o p._n 28._o ed._n gron._n ethicus_n or_o whoever_o go_v under_o that_o name_n live_v in_o those_o day_n or_o before_o for_o st._n hierome_n be_v say_v to_o have_v translate_v he_o palmyra_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o famous_a town_n of_o the_o east_n as_o it_o be_v also_o by_o p._n 8._o julius_n honorius_n who_o live_v before_o theodoric_n for_o cassiodore_n mention_n he_o palmira_n damascus_fw-la read_v palmyra_n damascus_n and_o the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicon_fw-la among_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o the_o four_o climate_n reckon_v palmyra_n with_o apamea_n emesa_n etc._n etc._n in_o caele_n syria_n in_o justinian_n time_n it_o become_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o constantinopolitan_a empire_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a do_v not_o continue_v long_o in_o that_o state_n for_o about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 640._o when_o heraclius_n be_v emperor_n jabalah_n the_o son_n of_o al_n iham_n be_v king_n of_o gassan_n and_o lord_n of_o tadhmur_n perhaps_o a_o tributary_n to_o heraclius_n who_o be_v overcome_v by_o omar_n the_o caliph_n one_o of_o mahomet_n successor_n submit_v and_o turn_v mahometan_n but_o repent_v he_o afterward_o go_v to_o constantinople_n pococ_fw-la not_o in_o specim_fw-la hist_o ar._n p._n 77_o 136._o and_o become_v a_o christian_a and_o at_o this_o time_n i_o believe_v mahometanism_n settle_v itself_o at_o tadhmur_n the_o tribe_n of_o gassan_n be_v before_o those_o day_n christian_n i_o shall_v not_o particular_o undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v the_o usefulness_n of_o coin_n and_o inscription_n the_o learned_a world_n have_v be_v already_o full_o convince_v of_o that_o truth_n how_o many_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a passage_n in_o chronology_n have_v be_v set_v in_o their_o due_a light_n how_o many_o series_n of_o king_n have_v be_v regular_o deduce_v what_o rite_n and_o custom_n both_o sacred_a and_o civil_a have_v be_v by_o those_o help_v discover_v needs_o no_o further_a proof_n though_o be_v there_o nothing_o else_o at_o palmyra_n to_o be_v see_v but_o the_o noble_a ruin_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o palace_n build_v according_a to_o the_o best_a and_o bold_a rule_n of_o the_o ancient_a architecture_n i_o shall_v think_v a_o journey_n thither_o on_o that_o errand_n alone_o worth_a the_o undertake_n and_o though_o the_o old_a of_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n be_v a_o hundred_o year_n young_a than_o our_o bless_a saviour_n incarnation_n as_o i_o have_v make_v appear_v in_o the_o commentary_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o contemptible_a as_o some_o have_v imagine_v but_o afford_v we_o some_o memorial_n of_o those_o time_n which_o no_o where_n else_o occur_v and_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n the_o use_n of_o the_o greek_a ε_n which_o appear_v not_o till_o about_o domitian_n time_n by_o which_o i_o postpone_v the_o old_a inscription_n at_o tadhmur_n a_o hundred_o year_n may_v we_o prove_v the_o spuriousness_n of_o that_o table_n preserve_v at_o rome_n which_o be_v report_v to_o contain_v the_o very_a title_n which_o by_o pilat_n order_n be_v affix_v to_o the_o cross_n of_o our_o lord_n for_o therein_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d be_v write_v with_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o ε._n it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o in_o the_o palmyrene_n inscription_n be_v some_o peculiar_a word_n which_o occur_v not_o in_o the_o lexica_fw-la as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n of_o which_o sort_n there_o be_v more_o in_o other_o old_a marble_n nor_o be_v it_o any_o wonder_n that_o in_o a_o remote_a part_n of_o syria_n where_o a_o different_a language_n be_v speak_v pric_n in_o apul._n apolog._n p._n 67._o de_fw-fr foedere_fw-la hierapytniorum_fw-la &_o priansens_n sciunt_fw-la doctiores_fw-la usquequo_fw-la huc_fw-la progredi_fw-la licet_fw-la scripta_fw-la hoc_fw-la genus_fw-la non_fw-la
say_v l._n 19_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n be_v as_o extravagant_a as_o those_o of_o a_o mother_n for_o a_o only_a son_n the_o epistle_n send_v from_o alexandria_n to_o give_v notice_n that_o osiris_n or_o adonis_n be_v find_v be_v mention_v say_v the_o father_n by_o the_o prophet_n isaiah_n 18.2_o wo_n to_o the_o land_n that_o send_v their_o ambassador_n by_o the_o sea_n in_o vessel_n of_o bulrush_n upon_o the_o water_n or_o as_o the_o septuagint_n more_o pertinent_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o mournful_a solemnity_n by_o the_o prophet_n ezekiel_n 8.14_o who_o among_o the_o abominable_a idolatry_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o jew_n mention_n the_o woman_n weep_v for_o thammûz_n cyril_n in_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d ità _fw-la &_o procop._n in_o loc_n &_o theodorit_n in_o ezek._n 8._o hieron_n ib._n stephan_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d procop._n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o from_o egypt_n the_o superstition_n spread_v itself_o over_o all_o the_o neighbour_a country_n over_o phoenicia_n syria_n and_o cyprus_n who_o challenge_v the_o mock_n deity_n for_o their_o own_o nor_o do_v the_o peculiar_a people_n of_o god_n the_o israelite_n escape_v the_o infection_n but_o they_o also_o fall_v into_o the_o same_o madness_n the_o old_a arabian_a zabii_n say_v ben_n maimon_n affirm_v that_o in_o that_o night_n in_o which_o thammùz_n be_v slay_v all_o the_o idol_n that_o be_v in_o the_o world_n meet_v at_o babylon_n in_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o sun_n who_o relate_v to_o they_o what_o have_v befall_v thammûz_n whereupon_o the_o image_n weep_v and_o lament_v all_o night_n and_o the_o next_o morning_n every_o one_o of_o they_o fly_v back_o to_o his_o old_a station_n from_o whence_o say_v he_o come_v the_o custom_n of_o mourn_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n over_o thammûz_n in_o the_o month_n call_v by_o his_o name_n the_o month_n thammûz_n ses_fw-fr st._n hierome_n answer_v to_o our_o june_n and_o the_o jewish_a astronomer_n call_v the_o sun_n entrance_n into_o cancer_n thekupha_n thammuz_o the_o revolution_n or_o period_n of_o thammuz_n the_o whole_a feast_n be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o death_n of_o the_o mock_n god_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o search_n after_o he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o findhim_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o festival_n have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o old_a calendar_n gruter_n 138_o 139._o in_o which_o we_o find_v isid_n aavigium_n not_o lavatio_fw-la as_o vrsinus_n read_v it_o but_o navigium_fw-la as_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v read_v and_o in_o another_o month_n heurisis_n v._o macrob._n saturnal_a l._n 1._o c._n 21._o the_o whole_a have_v its_o mythological_a moral_a for_o by_o adonis_n osiris_n and_o thammuz_n be_v mean_v the_o sun_n who_o when_o the_o summer_n solstice_n be_v past_a move_v backward_o towards_o the_o south_n seem_v to_o have_v deprive_v the_o northern_a hemisphere_n of_o his_o presence_n and_o influence_n l._n 2._o c._n 4._o l._n 4._o c._n 14._o julius_n pollux_n say_v that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o phoenicia_n call_v adonis_n gingras_n probable_o from_o the_o name_n of_o a_o pipe_n make_v of_o the_o bone_n of_o a_o goose-leg_n which_o they_o use_v in_o his_o solemnity_n which_o make_v a_o very_a melancholy_n and_o sorrowful_a music_n and_o they_o have_v a_o dance_n call_v by_o the_o same_o name_n in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o first_o inventor_n of_o husbandry_n who_o die_v in_o the_o summertime_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v and_o who_o be_v honour_v yearly_o with_o a_o mournful_a song_n by_o the_o farmer_n of_o the_o country_n who_o at_o that_o time_n use_v to_o sow_v their_o wheat_n and_o barley_n in_o the_o field_n near_o the_o city_n say_v the_o scholiast_n on_o therocritus_n accompany_v by_o as_o doleful_a instrumental_a music_n the_o custom_n still_o in_o use_n at_o aleppo_n of_o frequent_v the_o river_n at_o this_o festival_n i_o presume_v have_v its_o original_a also_o in_o egypt_n where_o the_o inhabitant_n pay_v a_o peculiar_a veneration_n to_o the_o water_n of_o nilus_n as_o st._n athanasius_n who_o be_v bear_v there_o affirm_v and_o lactantius_n add_v that_o they_o worship_v the_o river_n yearly_a because_o there_o isis_n begin_v her_o search_n of_o osiris_n that_o all_o this_o pomp_n be_v old_a than_o the_o jewish_a captivity_n the_o holy_a writ_n aver_v it_o last_v to_o the_o day_n of_o plutarch_n and_o the_o astronomer_n ptolomee_o who_o mention_v it_o as_o do_v almost_o all_o the_o old_a apologist_n for_o christianity_n julius_n pollux_n enumerate_v the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o mourn_a in_o the_o reign_n of_o commodus_n and_o lucian_n aver_v that_o he_o see_v one_o of_o those_o little_a ark_n that_o bring_v the_o letter_n from_o alexandria_n float_v into_o the_o harbour_n while_o he_o be_v at_o byblus_n the_o practice_n continue_v in_o egypt_n when_o cyril_n be_v patriarch_n there_o about_o the_o year_n 440_o after_o christ_n and_o in_o phoenicia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o procopius_n of_o gaza_n who_o live_v above_o a_o 100_o year_n after_o cyril_n and_o to_o this_o day_n be_v in_o use_n at_o aleppo_n as_o my_o honour_a friend_n inform_v i_o and_o probable_o in_o some_o other_o city_n of_o that_o country_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v this_o digression_n which_o be_v not_o disagreeable_a to_o my_o subject_n and_o if_o the_o reader_n who_o i_o earnest_o desire_v to_o correct_v the_o errata_fw-la before_o he_o begin_v the_o book_n find_v any_o advantage_n by_o the_o undertake_n i_o shall_v not_o think_v my_o time_n ill_o employ_v the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n in_o the_o history_n chap._n 1._o the_o building_n of_o tadmur_n by_o solomon_n page_n 3_o chap._n 2._o the_o situation_n product_v and_o inhabitant_n p._n 6._o chap._n 3._o the_o commerce_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o city_n p._n 11._o chap._n 4._o the_o civil_a government_n of_o the_o city_n from_o solmon_n be_v time_n p._n 16._o chap._n 5._o the_o religion_n and_o ecclesiastical_a government_n p._n 19_o chap._n 6._o it_o be_v several_a fortune_n from_o its_o foundation_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a p._n 24._o chap._n 7._o it_o be_v state_n under_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n to_o augustus_n p._n 26._o chap._n 8._o it_o be_v condition_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o augustus_n to_o hadrian_n p._n 28._o chap._n 9_o the_o state_n of_o the_o city_n under_o hadrian_n p._n 33._o chap._n 10._o it_o be_v several_a fortune_n from_o hadrian_n to_o gallienus_n p._n 38._o chap._n 11._o the_o life_n and_o athievement_n of_o odenathus_n p._n 42._o chap._n 12._o the_o state_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n at_o that_o time_n with_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o act_n of_o odenathus_n p._n 47._o chap._n 13._o the_o folly_n and_o stupidity_n of_o gallienus_n with_o the_o victory_n of_o odenathus_n over_o the_o persian_n p._n 53._o chap._n 14._o the_o victory_n of_o odenathus_n over_o quietus_n and_o balista_n p._n 60._o chap._n 15._o the_o murder_n of_o odenathus_n the_o short_a reign_n of_o maeonius_n with_o his_o character_n p._n 66._o chap._n 16._o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n valerian_n p._n 70._o chap._n 17._o the_o original_a and_o birth_n of_o zenobia_n p._n 76._o chap._n 18._o her_o learning_n magnificence_n and_o virtue_n p._n 80._o chap._n 19_o the_o religion_n of_o zenobia_n p._n 85._o chap._n 20._o her_o courage_n and_o bravery_n p._n 89._o chap._n 21._o her_o illustrious_a atchivement_n victory_n over_o heraclian_n and_o conquest_n of_o egypt_n p._n 94._o chap._n 22._o the_o reign_n of_o aurelian_a the_o battle_n of_o imma_n p._n 100_o chap._n 23._o the_o fatal_a battle_n of_o emesa_n the_o siege_n of_o palmyra_n p._n 105._o chap._n 24._o palmyra_n take_v zenobia_n make_v a_o prisoner_n p._n 111._o chap._n 25._o zenobia_n be_v minister_n slay_v and_o among_o they_o longinus_n p._n 115._o chap._n 26._o the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o palmyrenian_o the_o city_n destroy_v by_o aurelian_a p._n 117._o chap._n 27._o the_o history_n of_o firmius_n zenobia_n be_v confederate_a p._n 121._o chap._n 28._o the_o account_n of_o zenobia_n till_o aurelian_a be_v triumph_v p._n 124._o chap._n 29._o the_o triumph_n of_o aurelian_a over_o zenobia_n and_o tetricus_n p._n 127._o chap._n 30._o the_o history_n of_o zenobia_n after_o the_o triumph_n till_o her_o death_n with_o a_o account_n of_o her_o family_n p._n 133._o chap._n 31._o the_o murder_n of_o aurelian_a p._n 136._o chap._n 32._o the_o state_n of_o palmyra_n under_o dioclesian_n p._n 140._o chap._n 33._o the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n from_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n to_o justinian_n p._n 150._o chap._n 34._o the_o state_n of_o palmyra_n from_o justinian_n to_o the_o present_a age_n p._n 153._o in_o the_o appendix_n the_o inscription_n p._n 163._o chap._n 1._o of_o the_o name_n tadmur_n and_o palmyra_n p._n 175._o
chap._n 2._o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n p._n 187._o chap._n 3._o of_o the_o public_a officer_n p._n 197._o chap._n 4._o of_o their_o idolatry_n and_o superstition_n p._n 241._o chap._n 5._o a_o account_n of_o vaballathus_n p._n 272._o chap._n 6._o the_o history_n of_o longinus_n p._n 287._o chap._n 7._o the_o commentary_n on_o the_o inscription_n p._n 295._o a_o view_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o palmyra_n alias_o tadmor_n take_v on_o the_o southern_a side_n the_o history_n of_o palmyra_n history_n of_o remote_a country_n and_o strange_a revolution_n have_v be_v always_o entertain_v with_o respect_n and_o the_o pleasure_n of_o see_v at_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n and_o hear_v of_o dismal_a catastrophe_n wherein_o we_o have_v no_o other_o immediate_a share_n but_o that_o of_o wonder_n and_o pity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o mean_a satisfaction_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n life_n since_o every_o turn_v of_o providence_n in_o a_o foreign_a nation_n every_o new_a scene_n of_o prosperity_n or_o adversity_n be_v a_o lesson_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o the_o best_a rule_n of_o behaviour_n both_o for_o a_o public_a and_o private_a capacity_n be_v deducible_a from_o such_o remarkable_a occurrence_n and_o among_o all_o the_o great_a revolution_n that_o have_v call_v for_o the_o astonishment_n and_o commiseration_n of_o mankind_n the_o several_a fortune_n of_o palmyra_n be_v not_o the_o least_o remarkable_a a_o country_n far_o distant_a from_o our_o region_n distinguish_v by_o nature_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n by_o a_o separate_a situation_n and_o a_o empire_n that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n overran_a all_o the_o east_n baffle_v the_o force_n of_o the_o persian_n subdue_v egypt_n and_o make_v all_o asia_n to_o the_o hellespont_n tremble_v but_o in_o a_o few_o month_n afterward_o be_v strip_v of_o all_o its_o grandeur_n and_o by_o degree_n reduce_v to_o the_o low_a state_n of_o poverty_n as_o it_o be_v this_o day_n of_o this_o country_n i_o intend_v to_o treat_v of_o its_o founder_n and_o antiquity_n its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n its_o government_n ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a and_o its_o several_a fortune_n and_o condition_n as_o far_o as_o my_o read_n will_v assist_v i_o till_o some_o more_o able_a critic_n shall_v undertake_v the_o task_n and_o i_o shall_v begin_v with_o such_o a_o account_n of_o the_o place_n as_o the_o ancient_n furnish_v we_o with_o chap._n i._n when_o solomon_n have_v finish_v his_o stupendous_a temple_n at_o jerusalem_n which_o better_o deserve_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o world_n wonder_n than_o that_o at_o ephesus_n and_o the_o noble_a palace_n which_o he_o build_v for_o himself_o 4._o 1_o king_n 9.10_o 18._o 2_o chron._n 8.3_o 4._o in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o make_v war_n against_o hamath-zobah_a which_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o david_n but_o revolt_v and_o have_v conquer_v it_o he_o build_v tadmor_n in_o the_o wilderness_n the_o upper_a and_o nether_a bethhoron_n baalath_n and_o all_o the_o store-city_n which_o he_o strong_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o gate_n and_o bar_n they_o be_v his_o frontier_n town_n and_o the_o limit_n of_o his_o vast_a empire_n 9.26_o 2_o chron._n 9.26_o for_o he_o reign_v over_o all_o the_o king_n from_o the_o river_n euphrates_n to_o the_o land_n of_o the_o philistine_n and_o to_o the_o border_n of_o egypt_n 4.24_o 1_o king_n 4.24_o from_o tiphsac_n even_o to_o azzah_n i._n e._n from_o gaza_n to_o thapsachus_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o pass_n over_o the_o euphrates_n the_o arabic_a translator_n of_o 2_o chron._n 8.3_o imply_v that_o tadmor_n be_v a_o city_n before_o solomon_n time_n and_o that_o he_o only_o re-edify_v it_o that_o it_o be_v a_o metropolis_n of_o old_a as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o latter_a time_n and_o have_v many_o town_n under_o its_o jurisdiction_n nor_o be_v it_o altogether_o improbable_a those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n near_o the_o place_n where_o the_o ark_n rest_v after_o the_o deluge_n cease_v be_v first_o people_v the_o arabic_a historian_n 53._o historian_n verse_n poc._n p._n 53._o abulfarajus_fw-la say_v that_o solomon_n in_o the_o twenty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n have_v destroy_v the_o city_n of_o antioch_n build_v seven_o city_n in_o its_o stead_n of_o which_o tadmor_n be_v one_o but_o the_o fabulous_a historian_n of_o antioch_n 152._o antioch_n par._n 1._o p._n 185._o &_o par._n 2._o p._n 152._o john_n matela_n averr_v that_o the_o foundation_n of_o palmyra_n be_v lay_v in_o the_o same_o place_n in_o which_o david_n slay_v goliath_n and_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n with_o his_o own_o sword_n and_o that_o king_n solomon_n in_o memory_n of_o this_o great_a victory_n build_v a_o noble_a city_n there_o and_z from_o the_o fate_n of_o the_o giant_n call_v it_o palmyra_n while_o 2._o while_o antiq._n l._n 8._o c._n 2._o josephus_n thus_o inform_v we_o that_o solomon_n after_o he_o have_v build_v gazara_n which_o pharaoh_n have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o philistine_n give_v to_o his_o daughter_n not_o far_o from_o it_o build_v two_o city_n betachora_n and_o bale_v with_o other_o place_n to_o which_o he_o may_v retire_v for_o his_o pleasure_n that_o he_o may_v enjoy_v a_o temperate_a air_n excellent_a fruit_n and_o pleasant_a stream_n from_o whence_o he_o pass_v into_o the_o desert_n above_o syria_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o great_a city_n which_o 47._o which_o hier._n in_o ezek._n 47._o he_o beautify_v with_o extraordinary_a building_n two_o day_n journey_n from_o the_o upper_a syria_n and_o one_o from_o euphrates_n but_o from_o babylon_n six_o day_n journey_n and_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o build_v this_o city_n so_o far_o from_o the_o inhabit_a place_n of_o syria_n be_v that_o in_o the_o upper_a part_n there_o be_v no_o water_n but_o in_o that_o place_n only_o there_o be_v fountain_n and_o well_n as_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o peutinger_n table_n that_o near_o it_o stand_v the_o centum_fw-la putei_fw-la appendix_n putei_fw-la concern_v the_o name_n tadhmur_v and_o palmyra_n consult_v the_o appendix_n when_o therefore_o he_o have_v build_v the_o city_n and_o fence_v it_o with_o strong_a wall_n he_o name_v it_o tadmor_n as_o it_o be_v now_o call_v by_o the_o syrian_n while_o the_o greek_n call_v it_o palmyra_n chap._n ii_o from_o its_o founder_n and_o name_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v its_o situation_n and_o plenty_n as_o to_o its_o situation_n from_o the_o description_n that_o josephus_n give_v of_o it_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o though_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o desert_n country_n it_o be_v a_o very_a fertile_a spot_n of_o ground_n the_o air_n be_v very_o moderate_a and_o healthy_a for_o when_o porph._n when_o epist_n ad_fw-la porph._n longinus_n invite_v his_o friend_n porphyry_n thither_o he_o encourage_v he_o to_o undertake_v the_o journey_n upon_o two_o account_n first_o that_o they_o may_v renew_v their_o old_a friendship_n second_o that_o he_o may_v recover_v his_o break_a health_n by_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o air_n of_o palmyra_n 205._o palmyra_n lib._n 8._o p._n 205._o ptolemy_n place_n it_o east_n from_o alexanandria_n in_o the_o same_o climate_n with_o antioch_n seleucia_n hierapolis_n emesa_n and_o other_o city_n of_o alexandria_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o alexandrian_a chronicon_fw-la 82._o chron._n alex_n p._n 82._o in_o the_o longit._n of_o 71_o deg_fw-la 30_o min._n and_o the_o latit_fw-fr of_o 34_o deg_fw-la the_o long_a day_n be_v there_o above_o 14_o hour_n the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o tadmur_n i_o conjecture_v be_v the_o son_n of_o abraham_n by_o keturah_n for_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v by_o their_o father_n into_o the_o east_n gen._n 25.6_o i_o e._n into_o the_o east_n from_o jerusalem_n and_o the_o land_n of_o canaan_n into_o the_o desert_n of_o arabia_n and_o the_o country_n border_v on_o the_o euphrates_n who_o inhabitant_n be_v call_v in_o holy_a writ_n the_o child_n of_o the_o east_n and_o be_v for_o that_o reason_n also_o call_v saracen_n that_o be_v oriental_n or_o easterling_n as_o our_o most_o learned_a pocock_n affirm_v now_o the_o saracen_n be_v say_v by_o ult_n by_o lib._n 23._o cap._n ult_n amm._n marcellinus_n to_o be_v the_o arabe_n scenitae_n though_o pliny_n and_o ptolemy_n distinguish_v they_o to_o who_o the_o palmyrenian_o be_v conterminous_a if_o not_o the_o same_o and_o for_o this_o reason_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o odenathus_n in_o all_o the_o latter_a writer_n be_v call_v the_o king_n of_o the_o saracen_n though_o zenobia_n in_o her_o letter_n to_o aurelian_a distinguish_v the_o saracen_n from_o her_o subject_n reckon_v the_o saracen_n among_o her_o foreign_a troop_n and_o auxiliary_n in_o the_o ecclesiaslick_n notitia_fw-la it_o be_v account_v a_o part_n of_o phoenicia_n libanesia_n and_o porphyry_n treat_v of_o longinus_n invite_v he_o to_o
palmyra_n say_v he_o undertake_v to_o persuade_v he_o to_o leave_n sicily_n and_o to_o travel_v into_o phoenicia_n other_o make_v it_o a_o part_n of_o arabia_n but_o it_o be_v common_o repute_v by_o ptolemy_n and_o other_o a_o part_n of_o syria_n as_o phoenicia_n be_v another_o part_n of_o that_o large_a country_n though_o zenobia_n in_o her_o letter_n abovementioned_a distinguish_v the_o palmyrenian_o from_o the_o syrian_n as_o 40._o as_o l._n 1._o p._n 40._o zosimus_n also_o do_v that_o it_o stand_v in_o a_o wilderness_n beside_o the_o holy_a writ_n and_o josephus_n paris_n josephus_n nat._n hist_o tom_fw-mi 1._o l._n 1._o §._o 21._o p._n 583._o ad_fw-la paris_n pliny_n who_o be_v contemporary_a with_o the_o jewish_a historian_n agree_v who_o thus_o describe_v it_o palmyra_n be_v a_o city_n eminent_a in_o its_o situation_n in_o the_o riches_n of_o its_o soil_n and_o its_o pleasant_a stream_n be_v surround_v on_o every_o side_n with_o a_o vast_a desert_n of_o sand_n it_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n and_o do_v preseve_v its_o liberty_n in_o a_o private_a condition_n between_o the_o two_o mighty_a empire_n the_o roman_a and_o parthian_a and_o as_o soon_o as_o any_o war_n happen_v to_o break_v out_o it_o be_v equal_o their_o care_n to_o engage_v it_o on_o their_o side_n and_o in_o their_o interest_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o seleucia_n on_o the_o tigris_n 337_o mile_n from_o the_o neighbour_a shore_n of_o syria_n or_o the_o mediterranean_a 203_o and_o from_o damascus_n 176._o the_o same_o author_n in_o other_o place_n also_o mention_n the_o solitude_n of_o palmyra_n beyond_o which_o on_o one_o hand_n be_v stelendena_n a_o country_n not_o so_o much_o as_o name_v by_o other_o writer_n on_o the_o other_o side_n they_o reach_v home_o to_o emesa_n and_o to_o the_o westward_n as_o far_o as_o petra_n in_o arabia_n fellix_fw-la from_o whence_o to_o the_o persian_a gulf_n it_o be_v all_o desert_n it_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o euphrates_n a_o day_n be_v journey_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n josephus_n not_o far_o from_o that_o noble_a river_n say_v 676._o say_v lib._n 5._o bell._n civ_o p._n 676._o appian_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o marc._n antony_n threaten_v the_o sack_n of_o the_o city_n the_o inhabitant_n immediate_o transport_v all_o their_o good_n beyond_o the_o river_n the_o bank_n of_o which_o they_o defend_v with_o their_o archer_n and_o so_o leave_v the_o town_n empty_a baffled_z the_o design_n and_o deceive_v the_o expectation_n of_o the_o roman_a troop_n but_o situate_v by_o a_o river_n that_o run_v by_o its_o wall_n who_o name_n ptolemy_n either_o know_v not_o or_o omit_v but_o other_o geographer_n call_v it_o palmyra_n etc._n domin_n marius_n niger_n maginus_fw-la etc._n etc._n affirm_v that_o it_o have_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o palmyrene_n mountain_n run_v through_o the_o country_n and_o at_o last_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euphrates_n though_o now_o there_o be_v no_o footstep_n of_o its_o course_n leave_v nor_o be_v it_o a_o wonder_n that_o a_o small_a river_n shall_v be_v swallow_v up_o in_o a_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n of_o such_o vast_a quantity_n of_o sand._n when_o solomon_n build_v it_o he_o give_v it_o all_o the_o advantage_n of_o strength_n and_o security_n that_o the_o rule_n of_o fortification_n in_o that_o age_n allow_v of_o and_o it_o continue_v so_o as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v a_o frontier_n garrison_n fence_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o a_o advantageous_a situation_n but_o better_o guard_v by_o a_o brave_a garrison_n the_o militia_n of_o palmyra_n be_v esteem_v very_o stout_a their_o archer_n be_v excellent_a marks-man_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n appian_n and_o their_o horseman_n well_o arm_v with_o heavy_a armour_n and_o very_o secure_a the_o army_n of_o zenobia_n say_v the_o historian_n consist_v of_o ancher_n 44._o zosim_fw-la l._n 1._o p._n 44._o and_o horseman_n arm_v cap-a-pé_a who_o notwithstanding_o the_o weight_n of_o their_o arm_n be_v much_o better_a horseman_n than_o the_o roman_n and_o such_o a_o 237._o a_o zonar_n tom_fw-mi 2._o p._n 237._o value_n do_v they_o set_v upon_o their_o horse_n that_o no_o great_a affront_n or_o disgrace_n can_v be_v offer_v to_o a_o palmyrenian_a than_o to_o take_v his_o horse_n from_o he_o nor_o do_v the_o roman_n disdain_v their_o assistance_n for_o in_o their_o militia_n with_o the_o assyrian_n and_o moor_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyrene_n and_o osroene_n be_v muster_v chap._n iii_o palmtra_fw-mi be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n and_o give_v it_o its_o name_n be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a antiquity_n and_o great_a trade_n rich_a say_v pliny_n in_o the_o fertility_n of_o its_o soil_n but_o much_o more_o so_o by_o its_o commerce_n for_o it_o have_v not_o only_o the_o advantage_n of_o its_o own_o commodity_n but_o be_v the_o thoroughfare_a of_o all_o the_o merchant_n that_o live_v beyond_o it_o towards_o the_o mediterranean_a who_o trade_v to_o forath_n and_o charax_n and_o other_o port_n on_o the_o persian_a gulf_n if_o i_o right_o understand_v 722._o understand_v nat._n hist_o l._n 6._o §._o 32._o p._n 722._o pliny_n who_o say_v that_o at_o petra_n in_o arabia_n the_o two_o way_n meet_v both_o of_o those_o who_o come_v through_o palmyra_n probable_o from_o antioch_n seleucia_n in_o pisidia_n laodicea_n and_o other_o conterminous_a place_n and_o of_o those_o also_o who_o come_v from_o gaza_n travel_v towards_o the_o gulf_n it_o be_v impossible_a but_o the_o caravan_n who_o make_v that_o their_o constant_a road_n both_o to_o and_o from_o persia_n must_v help_v to_o enrich_v the_o stage_n where_o they_o bait_v but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o its_o happiness_n its_o inhabitant_n be_v great_a merchant_n say_v sup_n say_v vbi_fw-la sup_n appian_n and_o marc._n antony_n think_v the_o plunder_n of_o this_o city_n a_o sufficient_a recompense_n for_o all_o the_o fatigue_n and_o hardship_n which_o his_o horse_n endure_v in_o that_o country_n during_o the_o persian_a war_n though_o he_o fail_v of_o his_o attempt_n they_o have_v form_v themselves_o into_o a_o company_n under_o a_o precedent_n and_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o a_o east-india_n trade_n can_v well_o be_v carry_v on_o by_o a_o single_a person_n though_o he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o merchant_n of_o tyre_n who_o be_v companion_n of_o prince_n for_o i_o find_v in_o one_o of_o the_o inscription_n 99_o pag._n 99_o that_o septimius_n orodes_n be_v honour_v with_o a_o illustrious_a testimonial_a from_o 〈◊〉_d from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o word_n that_o appear_v in_o no_o author_n that_o i_o know_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d like_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etym._n m._n p._n 474._o or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d id._n ib._n those_o governor_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o trade_n be_v call_v at_o athens_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etym._n m._n &_o harpocrat_n v._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d their_o number_n say_v aristotle_n be_v ten_o their_o business_n to_o oversee_a the_o port_n and_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o corn_n that_o be_v bring_v thither_o for_o which_o purpose_n they_o have_v their_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o most_o honourable_a benefaction_n to_o build_v such_o a_o granary_n philostrat_v vit._n polemon_n smyrnae_fw-la 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o precedent_n or_o chief_n of_o the_o merchant_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o they_o carry_v the_o manufacture_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o asia_n down_o the_o euphrates_n to_o balsora_n or_o perhaps_o no_o far_o than_o vologesia_n append_v vid._n append_v and_o bring_v from_o persia_n the_o merchandize_n of_o india_n and_o arabia_n and_o so_o furnish_v the_o roman_n with_o spice_n and_o silk_n and_o other_o rich_a good_n for_o though_o they_o be_v say_v to_o lie_v far_o from_o the_o sea_n and_o without_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o river_n which_o must_v be_v retract_v since_o it_o ancient_o have_v the_o assistance_n of_o a_o river_n though_o it_o be_v since_o lose_v in_o the_o sand_n yet_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v they_o be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o euphrates_n a_o noble_a and_o navigable_a river_n and_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o their_o camel_n and_o dromedary_n by_o which_o sort_n of_o carriage_n all_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o east_n be_v former_o bring_v into_o europe_n by_o caravan_n before_o the_o cape_n of_o good-hope_a be_v discover_v but_o palmyra_n have_v its_o own_o product_n salt_n with_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n now_o drive_v a_o trade_n and_o date_n the_o fruit_n of_o their_o palm-tree_n which_o be_v not_o only_o great_a delicacy_n at_o rome_n and_o elsewhere_o 4._o plut._n sympos_fw-la 8._o qu._n 4._o for_o nicolaus_n damascenus_n think_v the_o date_n of_o syria_n a_o fit_a present_n for_o augustus_n and_o phoenicia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o grave_v
in_o italy_n after_o she_o have_v be_v devest_v of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o east_n have_v make_v her_o figure_n in_o the_o triumph_n of_o aurelian_a and_o i_o shall_v account_v for_o the_o pomp_n of_o it_o which_o the_o historian_n say_v be_v specious_a and_o magnificent_a because_o that_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o imperial_a triumph_n which_o be_v make_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a manner_n though_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o onuphrius_n panvinius_n say_v that_o the_o last_o triumph_n be_v that_o of_o belisarius_n who_o by_o the_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n be_v allow_v to_o make_v his_o entry_n into_o the_o city_n of_o constantinople_n in_o a_o triumphant_a chariot_n draw_v by_o four_o horse_n a_o breast_n after_o he_o have_v recover_v africa_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o vandal_n and_o make_v gelimer_n their_o king_n his_o prisoner_n and_o that_o his_o scholiast_n joachim_n maderus_n affirm_v that_o heraclius_n johannes_n commenus_n and_o manuel_n his_o son_n have_v their_o several_a triumph_n but_o these_o have_v no_o relation_n to_o rome_n but_o to_o constantinople_n and_o of_o the_o triumph_n of_o belisarius_n procopius_n say_v express_o etc._n vandal_n l._n 2._o c._n 9_o p._n 255._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n that_o it_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a method_n but_o that_o he_o begin_v his_o procession_n at_o his_o own_o house_n from_o whence_o he_o march_v on_o foot_n to_o the_o hippodrome_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n and_o withal_o he_o aver_v that_o for_o near_o six_o hundred_o year_n before_o belisarius_n the_o honour_n of_o the_o triumph_n be_v not_o give_v to_o any_o other_o since_o the_o day_n of_o titus_n and_o trajan_n and_o those_o other_o great_a emperor_n who_o have_v conquer_v the_o barbarian_n among_o who_o i_o suppose_v he_o include_v aurelian_a chap._n xxix_o the_o triumphal_a pomp_n be_v always_o very_a august_n 140._o vopisc_n p._n 220._o &_o onufr_n de_fw-fr triumph_n p._n 140._o the_o whole_a senate_n march_v in_o their_o several_a rank_n towards_o the_o capitol_n be_v follow_v by_o the_o trumpet_n of_o war_n who_o sound_v a_o charge_n introduce_v the_o representation_n of_o the_o several_a country_n that_o have_v be_v subdue_v and_o the_o city_n that_o have_v be_v take_v do_v in_o exquisite_a imagery_n and_o picture_n after_o these_o follow_v the_o riches_n of_o the_o conquer_a province_n vast_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o noble_a gem_n crown_n and_o royal_a robe_n and_o the_o other_o ornament_n of_o royalty_n and_o grandeur_n intermix_v with_o the_o arm_n that_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o region_n that_o have_v be_v reduce_v under_o the_o roman_a power_n these_o be_v succeed_v among_o other_o by_o a_o long_a train_n of_o sacrifice_n and_o priest_n attend_v that_o service_n all_o clad_v in_o rich_a garment_n of_o silk_n and_o purple_n interweave_v with_o gold_n then_o come_v the_o chariot_n of_o the_o unfortunate_a prince_n with_o a_o long_a train_n of_o their_o faithful_a subject_n who_o to_o show_v their_o fidelity_n be_v content_a to_o follow_v the_o adverse_a fortune_n of_o their_o sovereign_n when_o aurelian_a make_v his_o entry_n into_o that_o superb_fw-la city_n there_o be_v three_o royal_a chariot_n very_o remarkable_a the_o first_o belong_v to_o the_o hero_n odenathus_n while_o alive_a rich_o adorn_v with_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o precious-stone_n which_o give_v it_o a_o peculiar_a lustre_n the_o second_o no_o less_o glorious_a than_o the_o first_o be_v a_o present_a make_v by_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n to_o the_o great_a aurelian_a who_o also_o present_v he_o with_o a_o purple_a robe_n of_o so_o beautiful_a a_o dye_n dip_v in_o the_o indies_n that_o nothing_o of_o the_o imperial_a wardrobe_n or_o the_o cabinet_n of_o the_o roman_a lady_n be_v comparable_a to_o it_o the_o three_o be_v the_o chariot_n which_o zenobia_n have_v cause_v to_o be_v make_v for_o herself_o in_o hope_n to_o have_v enter_v rome_n in_o triumph_n after_o she_o have_v reduce_v that_o proud_a city_n it_o be_v true_a she_o make_v her_o entry_n into_o rome_n in_o the_o same_o chariot_n but_o she_o ride_v in_o it_o a_o captive_n not_o a_o queen_n these_o chariot_n be_v follow_v by_o a_o four_o which_o as_o it_o be_v report_v do_v once_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n of_o the_o goth_n draw_v by_o four_o stag_n abreast_n in_o which_o aurelian_a clad_v in_o the_o famous_a purple_a abovementioned_a which_o he_o afterward_o dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n capitolinus_n and_o which_o after_o age_n look_v on_o with_o admiration_n be_v draw_v to_o the_o capitol_n where_o he_o sacrifice_v the_o stag_n according_a to_o a_o vow_n make_v to_o jupiter_n when_o he_o take_v the_o chariot_n in_o the_o head_n of_o these_o chariot_n march_v twenty_o elephant_n of_o lybian_a lion_n 371._o vid._n salmas_n in_o vopisc_n pag._n 371._o leopard_n and_o panther_n as_o also_o of_o those_o of_o palestine_n two_o hundred_o which_o after_o the_o triumph_n be_v end_v aurelian_a bestow_v on_o his_o private_a friend_n that_o he_o may_v lessen_v the_o public_a expense_n these_o be_v sollow_v by_o four_o tiger_n by_o several_a camelopardali_n elk_n and_o other_o strange_a beast_n each_o in_o their_o order_n part_v of_o this_o pomp_n consist_v of_o eight_o hundred_o pair_n of_o gladiator_n destine_v to_o the_o entertainment_n of_o the_o people_n and_o of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o captive_n for_o beside_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n of_o the_o blemmye_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o axumis_n and_o of_o arabia_n the_o happy_a the_o indian_n bactrian_n iberian_o saracen_n and_o persian_n and_o after_o they_o the_o goth_n the_o alan_n the_o roxolan_n the_o sarmatian_n frank_n suevian_o vandal_n and_o german_n with_o their_o hand_n bind_v behind_o their_o back_n precede_v the_o imperial_a chariot_n among_o these_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o palmyra_n as_o many_o as_o have_v outlive_v the_o calamity_n of_o their_o country_n and_o the_o rebel_n of_o egypt_n have_v their_o station_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a of_o the_o captive_n be_v ten_o masculine_a woman_n who_o habit_v in_o man_n clothes_n have_v do_v extraordinary_a service_n to_o the_o gothick_n general_n these_o few_o be_v all_o that_o survive_v of_o the_o amazonian_a race_n who_o seek_v against_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o the_o head_n of_o every_o nation_n be_v carry_v the_o name_n of_o the_o country_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v amidst_o this_o numerous_a train_n of_o priscner_n tetricus_n make_v a_o peculiar_a figure_n he_o be_v habit_v a-la-mode_o de_fw-fr france_n where_o he_o have_v be_v emperor_n in_o a_o scarlet_a cloak_n under_o which_o he_o wear_v a_o light_a gold-coloured_n coat_n and_o a_o pair_n of_o french_a breeches_n with_o he_o be_v his_o son_n who_o tetricus_n have_v declare_v emperor_n in_o france_n after_o he_o follow_v zenobia_n deck_v to_o the_o great_a advantage_n but_o load_v with_o her_o golden_a chain_n who_o weight_n be_v support_v by_o her_o attendant_n the_o crown_n of_o every_o conquer_a city_n distinguish_v by_o a_o eminent_a inscription_n be_v carry_v before_o every_o nation_n after_o they_o follow_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n the_o banner_n of_o the_o several_a college_n and_o the_o ensign_n of_o every_o regiment_n with_o the_o cuirassier_n follow_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n and_o after_o these_o the_o senator_n march_v but_o not_o so_o brisk_a and_o merry_a as_o otherwise_o they_o will_v have_v be_v on_o such_o a_o solemnity_n because_o tetricus_n who_o be_v a_o member_n of_o that_o august_n body_n be_v lead_v a_o captive_n in_o the_o triumph_n it_o be_v late_a ere_o the_o cavalcade_n reach_v the_o capitol_n but_o night_n before_o the_o emperor_n return_v to_o the_o palace_n on_o the_o follow_a day_n the_o common_a people_n be_v solace_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o stage-plays_a horse-race_n hunt_n the_o duel_n of_o the_o gladiator_n and_o mock_v sea-fight_n and_o among_o other_o the_o pleasantry_n of_o that_o merry_a time_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v that_o aurelian_a before_o he_o make_v his_o expedition_n into_o the_o east_n promise_v the_o roman_n that_o if_o he_o return_v a_o conqueror_n he_o will_v give_v a_o crown_n of_o two_o pound_v weight_n to_o every_o citizen_n which_o they_o expect_v will_v be_v of_o no_o worse_a metal_n than_o gold_n but_o the_o emperor_n be_v neither_o able_a nor_o willing_a present_v each_o of_o they_o with_o a_o fine_a wheaten_n loaf_n in_o shape_n of_o a_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o same_o weight_n and_o one_o of_o these_o he_o bestow_v on_o every_o commoner_n every_o year_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v chap._n xxx_o when_o this_o ceremony_n be_v over_o aurelian_a give_v both_o tetricus_n and_o zenobia_n their_o life_n constitute_v tetricus_n tetricus_n the_o corrector_n of_o any_o part_n of_o a_o roman_a province_n be_v reckon_v in_o honour_n equal_a to_o the_o
for_o and_o that_o he_o be_v satisfy_v that_o their_o argument_n from_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o humane_a affair_n never_o make_v any_o impression_n on_o their_o mind_n in_o the_o day_n of_o their_o prosperity_n while_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o tread_v in_o the_o step_n and_o to_o imitate_v the_o noble_a practice_n of_o his_o predecessor_n who_o be_v accustom_a to_o suppress_v the_o stubborn_a and_o obstinate_a but_o to_o comfort_v and_o support_v the_o penitent_a and_o have_v thus_o speak_v he_o command_v the_o ambassador_n to_o return_v to_o his_o master_n and_o to_o represent_v to_o he_o the_o clemency_n of_o the_o roman_n of_o who_o courage_n he_o have_v late_o meet_v with_o a_o unquestionable_a demonstration_n bid_v he_o to_o expect_v in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o return_n of_o the_o prisoner_n according_a to_o his_o desire_n have_v dismiss_v the_o persian_a ambassador_n the_o triumphant_a galerius_n return_v into_o mesopotamia_n to_o dioclesian_n cover_v with_o laurel_n and_o the_o trophy_n of_o a_o entire_a victory_n and_o be_v receive_v with_o the_o testimony_n of_o the_o great_a honour_n as_o he_o just_o deserve_v at_o nisibis_n galerius_n meet_v the_o emperor_n without_o who_o consent_n himself_o be_v only_a caesar_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o confirm_v a_o peace_n and_o have_v make_v dioclesian_n acquaint_v with_o the_o particular_n consult_v with_o he_o what_o article_n they_o shall_v propose_v to_o the_o persian_a monarch_n 30._o p._n patric_n excerp_n p._n 29._o 30._o when_o they_o have_v adjust_v the_o affair_n they_o send_v sicorius_n probus_n the_o emperor_n secretary_n into_o persia_n with_o the_o term_n of_o agreement_n the_o king_n treat_v the_o ambassador_n with_o all_o civility_n but_o pretend_v some_o hindrance_n or_o other_o carry_v he_o with_o he_o from_o place_n to_o place_n till_o he_o come_v to_o asprudis_n a_o river_n of_o media_n where_o the_o scatter_a remain_v of_o his_o rout_v army_n have_v rally_v and_o embody_v themselves_o pitch_v their_o tent_n there_o he_o grant_v the_o ambassador_n all_o the_o demand_n of_o his_o master_n the_o emperor_n except_o that_o the_o place_n of_o meet_v shall_v be_v nisibis_n upon_o which_o the_o persian_a monarch_n wife_n and_o child_n be_v restore_v he_o and_o the_o captive_a nobility_n have_v their_o liberty_n at_o this_o time_n castra_n be_v found_v by_o dioclesian_n say_v 5._o say_v lib._n 23._o cap._n 5._o ammianus_n marcellinus_n and_o 17._o and_o par._n 2._o p._n 17._o johannes_n malela_n which_o he_o call_v cercusium_n malela_n circisium_n but_o the_o subscription_n of_o the_o chalcedon_n council_n castro-circon_a by_o a_o complication_n of_o both_o name_n for_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o persian_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o euphrates_n be_v so_o destructive_a to_o those_o province_n that_o the_o 42._o the_o procop._n persic_a l._n 2._o c._n 5._o p._n 97._o &_o the_o aedific_a l._n 2._o c._n 3._o p._n 42._o emperor_n see_v it_o very_o necessary_a to_o build_v several_a city_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o river_n to_o secure_v their_o border_n particular_o in_o that_o large_a and_o barren_a desert_n that_o lie_v between_o euphratesia_n and_o the_o persian_a limit_n in_o that_o solitude_n dioclesian_n erect_v three_o castle_n build_v of_o unbaked_a brick_n of_o which_o number_n mambri_n be_v one_o which_o be_v situate_a five_o mile_n below_o zenobia_n but_o circesium_n stand_v three_o day_n journey_n low_a than_o zenobia_n and_o as_o far_o from_o palmyra_n be_v the_o last_o and_o remote_a castle_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v on_o their_o confine_n a_o little_a below_o thapsacus_n it_o be_v build_v very_o neat_a and_o very_o strong_a on_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o euphrates_n and_o the_o abora_n or_o chaborras_n as_o it_o be_v call_v in_o ptolemy_n two_o noble_a river_n which_o wash_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n be_v situate_v on_o the_o far_a side_n of_o the_o euphrates_n in_o that_o very_a angle_n which_o the_o two_o river_n make_v when_o they_o meet_v beside_o the_o rampart_n of_o the_o castle_n it_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o long_a wall_n which_o extend_v itself_o for_o some_o mile_n on_o the_o side_n of_o both_o the_o river_n and_o be_v build_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o triangle_n in_o time_n past_o it_o be_v a_o mean_a place_n and_o not_o tenable_a but_o dioclesian_n fence_v it_o with_o high_a wall_n and_o tower_n when_o in_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o barbarian_n he_o fix_v the_o limit_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n lest_o the_o persian_n shall_v by_o that_o pass_n invade_v syria_n as_o they_o have_v in_o time_n pass_v often_o do_v to_o the_o great_a detriment_n of_o the_o province_n paricular_o under_o supr_fw-la under_o ammian_n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la gallienus_n when_o they_o march_v their_o army_n over_o this_o ford_n and_o sack_v and_o burn_v antioch_n in_o 17._o in_o malel_n par_fw-fr 2._o p._n 17._o the_o reign_n of_o julian_n the_o apostate_n it_o be_v garrison_v with_o 6000_o man_n and_o in_o the_o 13_o year_n of_o supr_fw-la of_o precop_n ubi_fw-la supr_fw-la justinian_n when_o chosroes_n bring_v his_o force_n thither_o with_o a_o design_n that_o way_n to_o invade_v the_o empire_n he_o dare_v not_o attempt_v it_o after_o which_o time_n how_o long_o it_o continue_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n i_o know_v not_o by_o all_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o castra_n be_v found_v anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 27_o 8_o 9_o and_o that_o at_o that_o time_n hierocles_n be_v governor_n of_o palmyra_n chap._n xxxiii_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o honorius_n palmyra_n continue_v a_o roman_a garrison_n the_o town_n be_v then_o under_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o dux_n phoeniciae_n as_o the_o notitiae_fw-la collect_v probable_o in_o that_o emperor_n reign_n affirm_v command_v by_o a_o colonel_n or_o praefect_n of_o the_o first_o illyrian_a legion_n which_o be_v leave_v there_o in_o garrison_n and_o in_o this_o state_n it_o be_v when_o stephen_n the_o grammarian_n of_o constantinople_n publish_v his_o work_n concern_v the_o city_n for_o he_o call_v it_o express_o a_o castle_n of_o syria_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o hermolaus_n his_o epitomator_n who_o dedicate_v his_o breviate_v to_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n inform_v we_o but_o though_o the_o civil_a privilege_n of_o the_o city_n be_v infringe_v it_o retain_v the_o honour_n of_o a_o episcopal_n see_v this_o fall_v not_o under_o the_o cognizance_n of_o the_o pagan_a emperor_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n be_v not_o fortify_v the_o church_n be_v careful_a to_o preserve_v her_o right_n when_o the_o city_n honour_v with_o the_o episcopal_a jurisdiction_n have_v lose_v she_o justinian_n have_v determine_v in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n ann._n chr._n 52⅞_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o persian_n resolve_v to_o rebuild_v palmyra_n say_v procopius_n who_o thus_o describe_v it_o 95._o procop._n de_fw-fr aedific_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o p._n 50._o &_o l._n 5._o c._n 1._o p._n 95._o that_o there_o be_v a_o city_n of_o phoenicia_n near_o mount_n libanus_n call_v palmyra_n build_v of_o old_a in_o a_o country_n that_o have_v no_o neighbour_n but_o such_o as_o be_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n but_o most_o commodious_o situate_v to_o observe_v the_o movement_n of_o the_o saracen_n the_o enemy_n of_o the_o roman_n have_v be_v build_v on_o purpose_n to_o prevent_v the_o eruption_n of_o those_o barbarian_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n this_o city_n have_v be_v for_o a_o long_a time_n desert_v justinian_n strengthen_v with_o extraordinary_a fortification_n bring_v water_n to_o the_o place_n for_o the_o support_n of_o a_o strong_a garrison_n which_o he_o fix_v there_o and_o to_o justinian_n i_o be_o incline_v to_o attribute_v the_o build_n the_o castle_n of_o palmyra_n 103._o vid._n journal_n p._n 84_o 85_o 103._o rather_o than_o to_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o druses_n who_o never_o that_o we_o read_v of_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n as_o far_o as_o tadmur_v as_o also_o that_o noble_a aqueduct_v seem_v to_o be_v of_o his_o foundation_n which_o run_v underground_o in_o a_o direct_a passage_n five_o mile_n and_o be_v cover_v all_o the_o way_n with_o a_o arch_n of_o bastard-marble_n and_o a_o path_n on_o both_o side_n the_o channel_n large_a enough_o for_o two_o person_n to_o walk_v a_o breast_n in_o with_o ventiduct_n at_o every_o twenty_o yard_n distance_n be_v build_v for_o the_o supply_n of_o the_o garrison_n with_o water_n this_o be_v do_v say_v 148._o say_v chronogr_n p._n 148._o theophanes_n in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o justinian_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o uncle_n justin_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v commission_n to_o patricius_n the_o armenian_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n to_o see_v the_o work_n do_v effectual_o have_v furnish_v he_o with_o money_n to_o that_o purpose_n command_v also_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o east_n to_o
make_v that_o place_n the_o seat_n of_o his_o constant_a residence_n and_o to_o preserve_v the_o church_n from_o the_o sacrilegious_a saracen_n eight_o year_n after_o this_o 88_o procop._n bel._n pers_n l._n 2._o c._n 1._o p._n 88_o when_o belisarius_n have_v reduce_v italy_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o emperor_n ann._n chr._n 535_o chosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n concert_v his_o affair_n with_o alamundarus_n one_o of_o the_o arabian_a prince_n that_o he_o shall_v invade_v arethas_n another_o of_o the_o saracen_n king_n but_o in_o the_o roman_a interest_n upon_o the_o pretext_n that_o arethas_n detain_v from_o he_o a_o little_a region_n call_v strata_n that_o lie_v to_o the_o south_n of_o the_o city_n palmyra_n but_o barren_a of_o all_o thing_n be_v burn_v with_o the_o fervent_a sun_n so_o that_o it_o produce_v neither_o tree_n nor_o fruit_n and_o be_v destine_v only_o to_o the_o feed_n of_o a_o few_o cattle_n 97._o id._n c._n 5._o p._n 97._o whereupon_o chosroes_n make_v a_o inroad_n into_o the_o roman_a territory_n march_v his_o army_n three_o day_n by_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n euphrates_n till_o he_o come_v to_o zenobia_n the_o foundation_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o palmyrene_n but_o find_v the_o region_n uninhabited_a and_o destitute_a of_o all_o necessary_n the_o city_n also_o refuse_v to_o surrender_v when_o require_v to_o do_v so_o he_o retire_v to_o sura_n another_o city_n upon_o the_o euphrates_n chap._n xxxiv_o about_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o the_o repair_n of_o palmyra_n by_o justinian_n it_o please_v god_n to_o permit_v mahomet_n a_o obscure_a arab_n to_o scourge_v the_o eastern_a church_n for_o their_o heresy_n and_o their_o loose_a manner_n and_o to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o empire_n which_o with_o the_o religion_n call_v mahometan_n have_v prevail_v over_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n and_o in_o a_o very_a few_o year_n after_o the_o first_o appearance_n of_o that_o false_a prophet_n establish_v its_o jurisdiction_n in_o tadmur_n where_o it_o prevail_v to_o this_o day_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1._o elmacin_n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o 623._o the_o second_o of_o the_o hegira_n chosroes_n the_o second_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n command_v all_o the_o church_n in_o syria_n and_o mesopotamia_n to_o be_v destroy_v carry_v away_o with_o he_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n with_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o those_o holy_a place_n even_o to_o the_o very_a marble_n into_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o tadmur_n be_v not_o exempt_a from_o this_o dreadful_a persecution_n but_o whatever_o its_o fate_n be_v under_o chosroes_n it_o be_v unquestionable_a that_o a_o few_o year_n afterward_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o mahometan_n who_o anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 638_o hegirae_fw-la 16_o have_v take_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o rout_v izdigerde_n their_o last_o king_n and_o seize_v his_o empire_n the_o constantinopolitan_a prince_n not_o concern_v themselves_o as_o they_o ought_v to_o prevent_v these_o sudden_a and_o large_a conquest_n may_v be_v presume_v to_o have_v make_v palmyra_n their_o own_o after_o which_o time_n i_o believe_v the_o fortification_n be_v permit_v to_o run_v to_o decay_v it_o be_v no_o long_o a_o frontier_n since_o persia_n be_v in_o their_o hand_n on_o one_o side_n of_o it_o and_o arabia_n on_o the_o other_o and_o then_o also_o i_o conjecture_v it_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o mart_n the_o mahometan_n be_v in_o constant_a hostility_n with_o the_o christian_n so_o that_o the_o caravan_n not_o be_v able_a to_o travel_v safe_o the_o trade_n with_o the_o persian_a gulf_n be_v divert_v and_o lose_v of_o which_o beneficial_a commerce_n the_o city_n be_v deprive_v and_o situate_v in_o a_o desert_a country_n soon_o fall_v into_o poverty_n and_o ruin_n in_o the_o year_n 659_o the_o 39th_o 5._o elmac._n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o of_o the_o mahometan_a computation_n when_o muavias_n the_o son_n of_o abusofianus_n with_o his_o army_n of_o syrian_n march_v against_o alis_fw-la the_o five_o of_o mahomet_n successor_n he_o send_v dahacus_n with_o 3000_o man_n to_o plunder_v iraca_n after_o which_o they_o fall_v into_o the_o province_n of_o higiaza_n and_o have_v murder_v all_o the_o arab_n they_o meet_v with_o load_v themselves_o with_o their_o spoil_n whereupon_o alis_fw-la send_v against_o he_o his_o general_n hagjar_v the_o son_n of_o adis_n with_o 4000_o man_n who_o folfow_v they_o as_o far_o as_o tadmur_v within_o the_o district_n of_o emesa_n for_o so_o it_o be_v reckon_v at_o that_o time_n where_o they_o have_v a_o sharp_a engagement_n in_o which_o dahacus_n be_v rout_v and_o by_o this_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o tadmur_n come_v very_o early_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o successor_n of_o mahomet_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 746_o 21._o id._n l._n 1._o c._n 21._o of_o the_o hegira_n 127_o the_o people_n of_o emesa_n at_o that_o time_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o country_n rebel_v against_o merwan_n the_o caliph_n who_o come_v against_o the_o town_n with_o a_o strong_a force_n and_o besiege_v it_o whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n supplicate_v his_o pardon_n promise_v obedience_n and_o open_v their_o gate_n but_o when_o the_o caliph_n have_v enter_v the_o city_n in_o the_o head_n of_o 300_o man_n the_o citizen_n betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n and_o slay_v all_o the_o soldier_n merwan_n himself_o hardly_o escape_v through_o the_o gate_n that_o lead_v to_o tadmur_v the_o old_a roman_a road_n lie_v from_o emesa_n to_o apamea_n and_o thence_o to_o palmyra_n but_o the_o direct_a road_n lay_v through_o the_o desert_n without_o touch_v at_o apamea_n and_o when_o suleiman_n the_o son_n of_o hisjam_n be_v create_v caliph_n in_o opposition_n to_o merwan_n by_o the_o man_n of_o basra_n be_v overthrow_v in_o battle_n he_o retire_v first_o to_o emesa_n which_o he_o fortify_v but_o be_v a_o second_o time_n beat_v he_o flee_v to_o tadmur_v leave_v his_o brother_n saidus_n his_o lieutenant_n in_o emesa_n from_o which_o passage_n it_o appear_v to_o i_o credible_a that_o tadmur_n be_v then_o a_o place_n of_o little_a trade_n or_o interest_n but_o a_o sanctuary_n for_o the_o unfortunate_a for_o banditti_z and_o freebooter_n who_o flee_v thither_o and_o find_v a_o secure_a retreat_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o advantageous_a situation_n of_o the_o town_n which_o for_o several_a day_n journey_n be_v on_o every_o side_n surround_v with_o wild_a and_o uninhabited_a solitude_n and_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v a_o bold_a conjecture_n how_o the_o river_n that_o run_v by_o palmyra_n in_o ptolemy_n time_n and_o which_o marius_n niger_n say_v empty_v itself_o into_o the_o euphrates_n happen_v so_o to_o be_v lose_v that_o now_o there_o remain_v no_o footstep_n of_o it_o i_o will_v affirm_v 11._o elmacin_n l._n 2._o c._n 11._o that_o it_o be_v bury_v in_o that_o terrible_a earthquake_n that_o happen_v in_o those_o country_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 859_o of_o the_o hegira_n 245_o which_o ruine_v many_o a_o noble_a city_n throw_v down_o the_o palace_n at_o bagdat_n do_v great_a damage_n to_o carrae_n emesa_n damascus_n edessa_n laodicea_n and_o all_o along_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o arabic_a historian_n aver_v that_o a_o river_n vanish_v nor_o be_v it_o unusual_a in_o such_o most_o violent_a concussion_n be_v swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n that_o no_o man_n ever_o can_v discover_v what_o new_a channel_n it_o have_v find_v under_o ground_n at_o this_o time_n it_o be_v high_o probable_a tadmur_n do_v not_o escape_v when_o all_o the_o neighbour_a city_n be_v harass_v and_o then_o the_o river_n may_v be_v absorb_v nor_o do_v justinian_n bring_v water_n to_o tadmur_v for_o the_o service_n of_o his_o garrison_n contradict_v this_o opinion_n because_o a_o river_n may_v be_v for_o other_o use_n and_o yet_o not_o fit_a for_o drink_v many_o other_o of_o the_o spring_n in_o those_o country_n be_v brackish_a and_o sulphurous_a about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1172_o 58._o itiner_n p._n 57_o 58._o benjamin_n tudelensis_n the_o jew_n among_o other_o part_n of_o the_o east_n which_o he_o visit_v in_o his_o travel_n touch_v at_o tadmur_n and_o he_o inform_v we_o though_o he_o be_v mistake_v in_o the_o exact_a distance_n of_o place_n that_o from_o baalbeck_n or_o baalath_n build_v by_o solomon_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o libanus_n to_o tadmur_v in_o the_o desert_n be_v four_o day_n journey_n that_o solomon_n build_v it_o of_o large_a stone_n and_o fence_v it_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n that_o it_o be_v build_v in_o a_o desert_n far_o from_o any_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o in_o his_o time_n there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n 2000_o stout_a jew_n who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o christian_n and_o with_o the_o arab_n the_o subject_n of_o sultan_n noraldin_n but_o be_v ready_a to_o assist_v their_o neighbour_n the_o ishmaelite_n
shipwright_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o whole_a city_n and_o region_n and_o the_o title_n and_o office_n be_v very_o honourable_a c._n torasius_n be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a suffrage_n of_o the_o magistrate_n choose_v the_o patron_n of_o a_o town_n by_o the_o river_n clitumnus_n ob_fw-la merita_fw-la ejus_fw-la erga_fw-la remp._n for_o his_o great_a service_n do_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n this_o patronage_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o even_o the_o roman_n themselves_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o odenathus_n in_o the_o east_n in_o who_o time_n the_o inscription_n be_v make_v shall_v court_v as_o julius_n palm_n do_v i_o call_v he_o palm_n because_o it_o be_v a_o know_a roman_a name_n and_o perhaps_o melenaeus_n shall_v be_v write_v mellinius_n or_o menelaus_n for_o which_o reason_n i_o have_v insert_v publius_n for_o puilsus_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o the_o equestrian_a dignity_n which_o entitle_v he_o at_o rome_n to_o eminent_a privilege_n which_o i_o shall_v not_o minutely_o enumerate_v only_o mention_v that_o the_o roman_a knight_n install_v the_o princeps_fw-la juventutis_fw-la present_v he_o with_o a_o horseman_n shield_n parma_n and_o a_o silver_n spear_n for_o so_o say_v the_o ancyran_n marble_n as_o gronovius_n judicious_o have_v supply_v the_o erase_v letter_n 60.84_o marm._n ancyr_n p._n 60.84_o equites_fw-la autem_fw-la romani_fw-la universi_fw-la principem_fw-la juventutis_fw-la romanorum_fw-la parmis_fw-la utrumque_fw-la &_o hastis_fw-la argenteis_fw-la donatum_fw-la appellaverunt_fw-la for_o that_o both_o caius_n and_o lucius_n be_v principes_fw-la juventutis_fw-la the_o coin_n put_v out_o of_o all_o doubt_n and_o that_o whenever_o a_o native_a of_o any_o of_o the_o romon_n colonies_n be_v admit_v to_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v make_v a_o roman_a knight_n he_o reckon_v the_o privilege_n among_o his_o noble_a title_n 141._o grut._n 388.4.400.3_o marm._n cos_n son_n p._n 141._o so_o l._n claudius_n the_o chief_a person_n of_o the_o island_n of_o malta_n glory_n in_o the_o honour_n as_o do_v fl._n aelianus_n or_o ti._n flavius_n taeanus_n as_o it_o be_v write_v in_o the_o marble_n of_o cosson_n though_o the_o highpriest_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o galatia_n and_o galatarche_n the_o second_o founder_n of_o his_o native_a city_n ancyra_n and_o their_o ambassador_n to_o the_o emperor_n antoninus_n 12._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d septimium_fw-la airanem_fw-la odaenathi_o filium_fw-la senatorem_fw-la eminentissimum_fw-la i_o have_v already_o prove_v it_o not_o unlikely_a that_o this_o airanes_n be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o emperor_n odaenathus_fw-la before_o he_o assume_v the_o purple_a from_o his_o name_n septimius_n the_o name_n of_o his_o father_n be_v also_o insert_v and_o from_o the_o date_n of_o the_o follow_a inscription_n on_o the_o same_o pillar_n viz._n ann_n christi_fw-la 251._o but_o 13_o year_n before_o odaenathus_fw-la be_v choose_v by_o gallienus_n his_o copartner_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o world_n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d aurelius_n valerius_n heliodorus_n praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la illyriciorum_fw-la in_o honorem_fw-la patrum_fw-la &_o gratulationis_fw-la ergô_o anno_fw-la 363._o h._n e._n chr._n 251._o decii_n ult_n i_o have_v give_v the_o name_n valerius_n to_o heliodorus_n to_o fill_v up_o the_o vacancy_n because_o it_o occur_v elsewhere_o l._n p._n valerius_n heliodorus_n and_o because_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o appear_v before_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d seem_v to_o be_v last_o letter_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o like_a vacancy_n occur_v in_o the_o same_o name_n in_o another_o inscription_n this_o heliodorus_n be_v i_o doubt_v not_o either_o the_o son_n of_o if_o not_o the_o same_o person_n with_o lucius_z aurelius_n heliodorus_n the_o son_n of_o antiochus_n a_o citizen_n of_o palmyra_n who_o in_o a_o inscription_n at_o rome_n publish_v by_o gruter_n but_o more_o accurate_o by_o tristan_n and_o spon_n erect_v a_o silver_n statue_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d with_o all_o its_o ornament_n to_o aglibelus_n and_o malachbelus_n the_o god_n of_o his_o country_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o himself_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n in_o the_o year_n 547._o according_a to_o the_o computation_n of_o his_o country_n but_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 235._o being_n the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o alexander_n severus_n the_o inscription_n late_o find_v at_o palmyra_n bear_v date_n 16_o year_n after_o ann_n chr._n 251._o which_o be_v the_o last_o year_n of_o the_o emperor_n decius_n he_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o marble_n at_o rome_n tristan_n read_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o because_o a_o inhabitant_n of_o palmyra_n which_o from_o their_o benefactor_n be_v call_v hadrianople_n for_o than_o it_o shall_v have_v be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o by_o mistake_n of_o the_o grave_a or_o transcriber_n for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o college_n of_o priest_n sodalis_fw-la hadrianalis_fw-la dedicate_v to_o the_o service_n of_o that_o emperor_n after_o the_o senate_n have_v deify_v he_o for_o that_o he_o be_v acknowledge_v a_o god_n at_o palmyra_n be_v plain_a from_o another_o inscription_n in_o which_o he_o be_v call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o in_o that_o city_n i_o doubt_v not_o but_o heliodorus_n be_v one_o of_o his_o priest_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o priest_n of_o hadrian_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o temple_n build_v to_o his_o memory_n and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o play_v institute_v to_o his_o honour_n i_o call_v he_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o same_o with_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o occur_v in_o another_o 101._o another_o rein_n cl_o vi_o n._n 101._o inscription_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d propraetore_fw-la and_o have_v give_v he_o the_o command_n of_o the_o illyrian_a legion_n because_o in_o aftertime_n and_o probable_o in_o the_o day_n of_o decius_n that_o legion_n be_v depute_v to_o lie_v in_o garrison_n at_o palmyra_n as_o say_v the_o notitia_fw-la of_o the_o oriental_a empire_n sub_n deuce_n phaenice_fw-la praefecturae_fw-la or_o as_o it_o be_v much_o better_a in_o the_o ms._n praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la primae_fw-la illyriciorum_fw-la palmyrae_n against_o my_o opinion_n that_o both_o the_o inscription_n concern_v the_o same_o person_n i_o have_v meet_v with_o but_o one_o objection_n that_o in_o the_o one_o marble_n he_o be_v call_v a_o priest_n in_o the_o other_o a_o soldier_n as_o if_o the_o office_n be_v incompatible_a but_o the_o answer_n to_o the_o objection_n be_v very_o easy_a since_o it_o be_v usual_a in_o those_o day_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o person_n to_o put_v on_o the_o sacerdotal_a habit_n and_o the_o military_a as_o there_o have_v be_v in_o all_o the_o late_a age_n of_o the_o church_n martial_a bishop_n and_o priest_n to_o omit_v the_o emperor_n who_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n general_n of_o their_o own_o army_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n high-priest_n and_o to_o confine_v myself_o to_o the_o college_n of_o priest_n depute_v to_o the_o service_n of_o hadrian_n 9_o hadrian_n grut._n xlv_o 9_o lucius_n ragonius_n be_v a_o sodalis_fw-la hadrianalis_fw-la &_o legatus_fw-la legionis_fw-la 13._o geminae_n 2._o geminae_n ccccxii_fw-la 2._o septimius_n aper_n octavius_n be_v style_v sodalis_fw-la hadrianalis_fw-la and_o sevir_fw-fr turmae_fw-la secundae_fw-la equitum_fw-la romanorum_fw-la and_o 13._o and_o mxc._n 13._o m._n aelius_n aurelius_n cleo_n be_v call_v sodalis_fw-la hadrianalis_fw-la &_o tribunus_n militum_fw-la &_o laticlavus_n legionis_fw-la 12._o fulminatricis_fw-la to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v that_o marc_n antony_n to_o ingratiate_v himself_o with_o augustus_n as_o appian_n affirm_v become_v one_o of_o the_o priest_n of_o julius_n caesar_n and_o 4._o and_o dlxu._n 4._o lucius_n julius_n bonatus_fw-la be_v the_o highpriest_n of_o all_o the_o temple_n in_o asia_n and_o the_o general_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o lydian_n other_o instance_n of_o this_o kind_n frequent_o occur_v in_o the_o old_a inscription_n not_o be_v it_o a_o just_a argument_n against_o my_o emendation_n that_o heliodorus_n have_v many_o name_n it_o not_o be_v unusual_a for_o the_o same_o person_n to_o have_v 4_o or_o 5_o name_n e._n gr_n lucius_n livius_n sulpicius_n galba_n titus_n aelius_n adrianus_n antoninus_n p._n licinius_n pyaem_n priscus_n juventianus_n and_o among_o infinite_a other_o such_o example_n that_o in_o gruter_n come_v near_a the_o palmyrene_n 7._o dcviii_o 7._o l._n p._n valerio_n heliodoro_n tr._n leg._n 2._o adjutricis_fw-la l._n p._n valerius_n chilo_n filius_fw-la ejus_fw-la i_o shall_v only_o add_v that_o there_o be_v a_o aurelius_n heliodorus_n a_o freedman_n of_o one_o of_o the_o caesar_n who_o gruter_n mention_n but_o of_o which_o of_o the_o caesar_n or_o whither_o the_o same_o heliodore_n with_o the_o palmyrenian_a i_o can_v determine_v 14._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d