be_v much_o great_a and_o consequent_o the_o pressure_n more_o to_o these_o i_o shall_v add_v what_o have_v be_v observe_v by_o our_o learned_a warden_n the_o rev_n d_o dr._n wroe_n who_o for_o several_a year_n have_v keep_v a_o exact_a diary_n of_o the_o weatherglass_n he_o always_o observe_v the_o quicksilver_n upon_o its_o ascend_n to_o alter_v its_o surface_n insomuch_o as_o in_o very_o dry_a wether_n to_o become_v perfect_o convex_a and_o upon_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o air_n to_o a_o wet_a temper_n to_o alter_v to_o a_o plain_a surface_n and_o in_o extreme_a wet_a wether_n to_o a_o perfect_a concave_n the_o mercurial_a particle_n hang_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o glass_n by_o this_o it_o shall_v seem_v that_o beside_o the_o ascent_n make_v by_o the_o pressure_n there_o be_v another_o also_o make_v by_o the_o intestine_a fermentation_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n and_o in_o this_o i_o be_o the_o far_o confirm_v since_o quicksilver_n in_o glass_n tube_v hermetical_o seal_v have_v be_v observe_v to_o rise_v and_o fall_v which_o can_v not_o be_v be_v the_o ascent_n by_o pressure_n whole_o upon_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o quicksilver_n contain_v in_o the_o cup._n another_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n be_v the_o expose_v open_o dry_v leave_n of_o tobacco_n which_o in_o the_o hot_a day_n do_v soon_o grow_v moist_a for_o which_o no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v assign_v but_o the_o exhalation_n in_o hot_a wether_n be_v far_o great_a and_o consequent_o the_o aqueous_a particle_n more_o numerous_o range_v in_o the_o atmosphere_n and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o drop_n of_o rain_n be_v then_o usual_o large_a and_o perhaps_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o bigness_n of_o hailstone_n may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v solve_v cheshire_n a_o county_n palatine_n and_o among_o other_o thing_n famous_a for_o its_o earl_n who_o have_v a_o palatine_a jurisdiction_n belong_v to_o they_o and_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n hold_v of_o they_o as_o in_o chief_a and_o be_v under_o a_o sovereign_a allegiance_n and_o fealty_n to_o they_o as_o they_o to_z the_o king_n this_o county_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o part_n of_o the_o cornavii_n the_o air_n there_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v more_o healthful_a and_o mild_a than_o in_o lancashire_n this_o county_n not_o so_o much_o abound_v with_o fen_n salt-marsh_n and_o mosses_n what_o be_v say_v more_o of_o the_o air_n in_o lancashire_n may_v serve_v as_o to_o this_o place_n and_o as_o to_o its_o far_a antiquity_n the_o follow_a account_n may_v be_v add_v according_a to_o sir_n thomas_n elliot_n the_o first_o name_n give_v to_o this_o city_n be_v neomagus_n so_o call_v from_o magus_n son_n of_o samothe_n son_n of_o japhet_n its_o founder_n see_v lambert_n pag._n 17_o the_o about_o 240_o year_n after_o the_o flood_n be_v this_o account_n true_a for_o aught_o i_o know_v it_o may_v stand_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o most_o antique_a city_n in_o the_o universe_n its_o second_o name_n be_v caerleon_n see_v albion_n mareoticus_n so_o nominate_v from_o leon_n vaur_n or_o gaver_n who_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o be_v a_o giant_n in_o albion_n and_o one_o of_o its_o restorer_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o conjecture_n i_o suppose_v may_v in_o some_o measure_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o follow_a history_n i._n e._n upon_o a_o giant_n be_v skull_n be_v dug_n up_o in_o pepper-street_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bone_n upon_o the_o britain_n come_v over_o and_o settle_v there_o it_o be_v afterward_o call_v caerleil_n and_o afterward_o caerleir_n because_o these_o two_o british_a king_n be_v enlarger_n and_o beautifier_n of_o it_o according_a to_o jackson_n stow_n and_o other_o before_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o it_o be_v probable_a this_o city_n be_v call_v genuina_fw-la or_o gunia_n as_o will_n more_o full_o appear_v from_o the_o inscription_n of_o a_o votive_a altar_n dig_v up_o in_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o jupiter_n tanar_n that_o be_v in_o the_o welsh_a language_n the_o thunderer_n which_o language_n it_o be_v likely_a the_o roman_n may_v make_v use_n of_o in_o this_o inscription_n to_o demonstrate_v their_o conquest_n over_o the_o britain_n after_o the_o roman_n have_v fix_v here_o their_o conquer_a legion_n style_v valens_n &_o victrix_n it_o be_v then_o style_v caerlheon_n caerlegion_n or_o as_o it_o be_v otherwise_o common_o call_v ardourdwy_n and_o caer_n by_o way_n of_o excellence_n as_o mr._n cambden_n observe_v to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o caerleon_n or_o caerusk_n in_o south_n wales_n the_o latin_a historian_n style_v it_o cestria_n that_o be_v a_o castris_fw-la which_o the_o roman_n have_v fix_v there_o and_o leincestria_n that_o be_v the_o city_n of_o the_o legion_n it_o have_v likewise_o be_v style_v as_o be_v evident_a from_o the_o roman_a tile_n dig_v up_o there_o deunana_n deva_n and_o devana_n civitas_n and_o these_o name_n i_o presume_v to_o be_v attribute_v to_o it_o from_o its_o proximity_n to_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi in_o late_a age_n it_o be_v style_v legan-chester_n lege-cestre_a but_o in_o these_o day_n west-chester_n or_o chester_n as_o the_o greek_n express_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o denote_v its_o preference_n to_o dorchester_n or_o rochester_n by_o ptolemy_n it_o be_v sometime_o call_v oxcellum_fw-la uxcellum_fw-la plegimundham_n and_o leogria_n or_o locrine_n land_n of_o which_o the_o three_o first_o denote_v no_o more_o as_o hollingshed_n observe_v in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o his_o chronicle_n of_o england_n than_o a_o rock_n a_o island_n or_o place_n of_o strong_a defence_n by_o which_o we_o may_v easy_o observe_v that_o this_o be_v the_o boundary_a of_o king_n locrinus_n kingdom_n westward_o this_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o ordovices_n before_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o roman_n as_o most_o of_o our_o ancient_a historian_n do_v affirm_v those_o people_n be_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o north_n wales_n the_o greatness_n of_o this_o ancient_a city_n be_v still_o the_o more_o conspicuous_a from_o those_o stately_a remain_n of_o its_o ruin_n i_o mean_v the_o subterraneous_a vault_n in_o cellar_n through_o freestone_n rock_n the_o entrance_n into_o they_o be_v range_v into_o several_a angle_n and_o by_o what_o i_o can_v learn_v from_o the_o description_n of_o the_o catacomb_n in_o italy_n we_o may_v reasonable_o conclude_v these_o to_o have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o same_o purpose_n this_o instance_n sufficient_o demonstrate_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o roman_a power_n at_o chester_n and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v probable_a since_o by_o their_o conquer_a legion_n there_o they_o have_v block_v up_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o only_o to_o keep_v incorporate_v while_o live_v but_o likewise_o to_o preserve_v even_o their_o very_a ash_n together_o in_o these_o passage_n have_v be_v find_v several_a roman_a coin_n as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v which_o more_o full_o illustrate_v these_o vault_n to_o have_v be_v heathen_a and_o not_o those_o subterraneous_a passage_n make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o monk_n which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o various_a monastery_n this_o may_v be_v see_v in_o a_o cellar_n in_o bridge-street_n belong_v to_o mr._n john_n minshull_n derbyshire_n be_v ancient_o inhabit_a by_o the_o coritani_n who_o these_o be_v as_o well_o as_o the_o cornavii_n be_v uncertain_a the_o air_n in_o the_o peak_n of_o that_o country_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o rains_n and_o wind_n than_o in_o lancashire_n and_o cheshire_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unpleasant_a to_o see_v the_o cloud_n ride_v after_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n which_o by_o dash_v upon_o they_o be_v frequent_o force_v down_o in_o shower_n and_o by_o the_o sudden_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o meteor_n in_o the_o air_n pen_v up_o betwixt_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o cloud_n and_o get_v vent_n in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o hill_n i_o think_v may_v fair_o illustrate_v why_o wind_n be_v in_o those_o part_n so_o frequent_a but_o this_o will_v be_v more_o easy_o conceive_v if_o we_o consider_v those_o artificial_a wind_n which_o be_v make_v by_o a_o aeolipile_n which_o instrument_n it_o be_v give_v i_o the_o first_o hint_n of_o dulcify_a salt-water_n which_o experiment_n i_o show_v to_o the_o university_n of_o oxford_n some_o year_n before_o mr._n fitz-gerald_n have_v a_o patent_n for_o do_v it_o who_o communicate_v this_o experiment_n to_o he_o i_o know_v not_o but_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a it_o be_v not_o his_o own_o have_v now_o give_v account_n of_o what_o be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o the_o air_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o consider_v the_o next_o element_n and_o that_o be_v water_n but_o before_o i_o enter_v upon_o that_o must_v beg_v leave_n to_o add_v two_o remarkable_a observation_n the_o first_o be_v to_o illustrate_v the_o elasticity_n of_o
but_o in_o dry_a wether_n and_o we_o may_v reasonable_o suppose_v there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o boat_n of_o all_o fort_n belong_v to_o so_o large_a a_o fort_n and_o city_n the_o anchor-hill_n so_o call_v be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o little_a dock_n or_o hithe_n for_o the_o building_n or_o repair_v they_o and_o that_o the_o anchor_n ring_n and_o nail_n there_o find_v be_v only_o for_o then_o use_v and_o not_o for_o ship_n they_o be_v far_o too_o little_a either_o for_o ship_n of_o burden_n or_o war._n we_o can_v right_o make_v out_o what_o legion_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v plant_v here_o by_o any_o of_o the_o noble_a ruin_n we_o disclose_v however_o by_o what_o have_v be_v discover_v both_o the_o antiquity_n and_o grandeur_n of_o the_o place_n will_v be_v clear_o represent_v and_o our_o modern_a observation_n be_v no_o small_a supplement_n to_o the_o more_o ancient_a one_o where_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o have_v save_v i_o the_o trouble_v i_o shall_v fair_o name_v they_o in_o order_n and_o in_o conclusion_n add_v my_o own_o the_o first_o inscription_n mr._n cambden_n take_v notice_n of_o be_v at_o salisbury-hall_n on_o the_o pedestal_n of_o a_o pillar_n which_o be_v as_o follow_v deo_fw-la marti_fw-la et_fw-la victoriae_n dd._n augg_n et_fw-fr cc_o nn._n and_o in_o the_o wall_n adjoin_v to_o it_o be_v another_o stone_n with_o the_o portraiture_n of_o cupid_n and_o another_o little_a image_n and_o in_o the_o backside_n of_o it_o be_v this_o inscription_n seoseam_fw-la rolnason_n osalvedn_n al._n q._n q._n sar_n brevenm_fw-la bedianis_fw-la antoni_fw-la we_o meg_n vi_o i_fw-mi domv_fw-la eliter_fw-la these_o mr._n cambden_n suppose_v to_o be_v british_a name_n of_o place_n but_o i_o do_v not_o see_v how_o that_o can_v be_v make_v out_o but_o rather_o look_v upon_o they_o to_o be_v the_o name_n of_o officer_n in_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatian_n al._n q._n q._n sar_n denote_v the_o ala_fw-la sarmatum_fw-la or_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatians_n of_o which_o tacitus_n give_v a_o full_a account_n osalvedn_n may_v probable_o signify_v oswald_n town_n the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o osbaldstones_n still_o reside_v there_o so_o that_o these_o name_n may_v not_o only_o be_v british_n but_o likewise_o roman_n and_o sarmatian_a his_o next_o account_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a altar_n with_o this_o inscription_n this_o matribus_n m._n ingenvi_n we_o a'siaticvs_n *_o dec_n al._n ast_n ss_z ll._n m._n the_o signification_n of_o which_o as_o cambden_n himself_o be_v silent_a so_o i_o refer_v it_o to_o other_o antiquary_n to_o discuss_v however_o upon_o my_o be_v last_o at_o oxford_n i_o receive_v there_o the_o satisfaction_n to_o find_v that_o juno_n and_o diana_n be_v constant_o call_v by_o the_o roman_n deae_fw-la matres_fw-la and_o the_o further_a explication_n of_o this_o altar_n be_v that_o ingenuis_fw-la a_o asiatic_n one_o of_o the_o decuriones_fw-la of_o the_o asturian_n wing_n dedicate_v this_o altar_n to_o the_o mother_n goddess_n juno_n and_o diana_n another_o little_a altar_n he_o see_v cast_v out_o among_o the_o rubbish_n with_o this_o inscription_n pacife_n ro_n marti_fw-la elegaur_fw-la basilius_n posv_v it_o exit_fw-la vo_o to_o this_o altar_n from_o its_o smallness_n mr._n cambden_n take_v to_o have_v be_v some_o poor_a man_n altar_n to_o carry_v about_o with_o he_o and_o to_o have_v be_v for_o offer_v incense_n salt_n and_o flower_n but_o to_o i_o this_o interpretation_n seem_v more_o reasonable_a from_o the_o very_a word_n themselves_o at_o length_n that_o elegaurba_n doubtless_o a_o commander_n there_o dedicate_v this_o altar_n to_o mars_n after_o some_o signal_n overthrow_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o thence_o peace_n ensue_v he_o style_v he_o pacifero_fw-la but_o who_o this_o elegaurba_n be_v or_o what_o country_n man_n i_o pretend_v not_o to_o determine_v he_o speak_v also_o of_o another_o stone_n dig_v up_o with_o the_o portraiture_n of_o a_o naked_a man_n on_o horseback_n without_o bridle_n or_o saddle_n brandish_v his_o spear_n with_o both_o hand_n and_o insult_v over_o a_o naked_a man_n prostrate_v who_o hold_v out_o before_o he_o a_o kind_n of_o square_a piece_n between_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o person_n prostrate_v stand_v the_o letter_n d._n m._n under_o the_o prostrate_a man_n be_v gal._n sarmata_n there_o be_v other_o letter_n too_o deface_v to_o guess_v at_o one_o will_v imagine_v say_v he_o both_o from_o the_o former_a inscription_n and_o this_o that_o be_v find_v many_o year_n ago_o that_o a_o wing_n of_o the_o sarmatae_n have_v their_o station_n here_o his_o terris_fw-la tegitur_fw-la ael_n matrona_fw-la qv_fw-la vix_fw-la an._n xxviii_o m_o ii_o d_o viii_o et_fw-la m._n julius_n maximus_n fil._n vix_fw-la a_fw-la vi._n m_o iii_o d_o xx._n et_fw-fr cam_n pania_fw-la dubba_n mater_fw-la vix_fw-la an._n l._n julius_n maximus_n alae_n sar_n coniux_n coniugi_n incomparabili_fw-la et_fw-la filio_fw-la patri_fw-la pientis_fw-la simo_n et_fw-la socerae_fw-la tena_n cissimae_fw-la memoriae_fw-la p._n this_o inscription_n as_o i_o take_v it_o may_v be_v thus_o translate_v aael_n a_o matron_n who_o live_v 28_o year_n two_o month_n and_o eight_o day_n in_o this_o earth_n lie_v entomb_v and_o marcus_n julius_n maximus_n her_o son_n who_o live_v six_o year_n three_o month_n and_o twenty_o day_n and_o campania_n dubba_o her_o mother_n who_o live_v fifty_o year_n julius_n maximus_n and_o alae_n a_o sarmatian_a wife_n to_o her_o incomparable_a husband_n erect_v this_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o simo_n the_o son_n of_o a_o pious_a father_n and_o his_o father_n in_o law_n now_o the_o word_n asiaticus_n in_o the_o inscription_n beginning_n with_o this_o matribus_fw-la and_o in_o that_o precede_a it_o beginning_n with_o seoseam_n and_o in_o this_o last_o of_o all_o that_o word_n sar_n be_v repeat_v it_o make_v it_o more_o probable_a to_o i_o that_o sarmatia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o asia_n and_o likewise_o part_v of_o europe_n contain_v poland_n russia_n muscovy_n and_o most_o of_o tartary_n from_o which_o vast_a country_n the_o phoenician_n be_v a_o industrious_a and_o trade_a people_n transplant_v several_a colony_n hither_o and_o on_o the_o portraiture_n of_o the_o naked_a man_n these_o word_n gal._n sarmata_n be_v find_v too_o do_v far_a illustrate_v these_o people_n call_v brigantes_n reside_v here_o to_o be_v for_o a_o great_a part_n asiatic_o of_o which_o mr._n camden_n take_v no_o notice_n thus_o far_o and_o no_o far_a mr._n camden_n proceed_v in_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o note_a station_n but_o as_o to_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o the_o place_n he_o say_v ptolemy_n style_v it_o rigodunum_n and_o that_o be_v corrupt_v from_o ribodunum_n may_v not_o be_v unlike_o ribbochester_n it_o be_v his_o opinion_n likewise_o the_o town_n of_o preston_n call_v so_o from_o the_o religious_a quasi_fw-la priest_n town_n spring_v from_o the_o ruin_n of_o this_o remarkable_a city_n which_o may_v be_v ruin_v by_o war_n or_o earthquake_n i_o shall_v now_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o my_o own_o observation_n make_v in_o this_o present_a year_n 1699_o when_o i_o be_v upon_o the_o place_n which_o give_v i_o a_o new_a and_o different_a prospect_n of_o matter_n above_o what_o he_o have_v recite_v the_o first_o remarkable_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n i_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v a_o fortification_n call_v anchor-hill_n because_o anchor_n have_v sometime_o be_v find_v there_o under_o ground_n with_o ring_n and_o nail_n of_o small_a vessel_n roman_a paterae_n of_o a_o metal_n like_o that_o of_o our_o china_n teapot_n with_o the_o effigy_n of_o wolf_n and_o flower_n upon_o they_o and_o at_o the_o bottom_n of_o some_o these_o letter_n fab._n pro._n which_o doubtless_o must_v be_v in_o the_o time_n when_o some_o one_o of_o the_o fabii_n be_v proconsul_n or_o procurator_n from_o anchor-hill_n there_o go_v a_o way_n to_o preston_n and_o a_o road_n to_o lancaster_n where_o there_o be_v another_o fortification_n and_o a_o roman_a wall_n another_o road_n likewise_o direct_v to_o mancunium_n or_o manchester_n where_o be_v a_o fortress_n call_v the_o giant_n or_o torquins_n castle_n and_o doubtless_o that_o be_v their_o highway_n to_o devona_n or_o chester_n where_o the_o twenty_o legion_n style_v valens_n and_o victrix_n be_v fix_v chester_n be_v then_o a_o blockade_n to_o the_o britain_n in_o wales_n not_o far_o from_o this_o fortification_n call_v anchor-hill_n at_o ribchester_n i_o see_v a_o common-shore_n and_o a_o floor_n compose_v of_o roman_a tile_n which_o absolute_o demonstrate_v the_o river_n there_o be_v never_o navigable_a for_o have_v it_o be_v so_o that_o city_n must_v unavoidable_o have_v be_v under_o water_n together_o with_o in_o that_o country_n common_o call_v the_o field_n from_o its_o resemblance_n to_o a_o field_n be_v all_o champaign_n near_o this_o shoar_n i_o see_v a_o pillar_n about_o seventeen_o inch_n diameter_n with_o letter_n upon_o it_o but_o those_o in_o a_o great_a
roman_a wall_n there_o common_o call_v the_o weary-wall_n abundant_o demonstrate_v that_o ancient_a town_n to_o have_v be_v a_o most_o eminent_a roman_a station_n at_o the_o least_o the_o next_o place_n remarkable_a for_o antiquity_n be_v coln_n in_o the_o same_o hundred_o with_o ribchester_n the_o antiquity_n of_o which_o place_n be_v transmit_v to_o i_o by_o the_o learned_a mr._n hargrave_n rector_n of_o brandsburton_n near_o beverly_n in_o yorkshire_n in_o the_o follow_a word_n i_o have_v often_o from_o the_o name_n coln_n conjecture_v that_o the_o place_n be_v of_o more_o ancient_a original_a than_o the_o tradition_n current_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v it_o and_o i_o be_v the_o further_o confirm_v in_o this_o by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o roman_a coin_n which_o have_v be_v frequent_o dig_v up_o nigh_o it_o as_o at_o wheatly-lane_n which_o be_v general_o copper_n and_o those_o silver_n one_o cast_v up_o by_o a_o plough_n three_o or_o four_o year_n ago_o nigh_o emmet_n enclose_v in_o a_o great_a silver_n cup_n some_o of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v one_o of_o gordianus_n be_v very_o legible_a and_o another_o not_o so_o i_o have_v see_v part_n of_o other_o who_o remain_n show_v they_o be_v one_o of_o the_o antonine_n but_o that_o which_o most_o confirm_v my_o conjecture_n of_o this_o town_n be_v be_v a_o roman_a station_n be_v a_o conversation_n i_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o last_o summer_n by_o our_o reverend_a dean_n of_o york_n dr._n gale_n who_o be_v please_v to_o show_v i_o a_o book_n write_v about_o the_o seven_o century_n by_o a_o nameless_a author_n at_o ravenna_n which_o be_v so_o far_o as_o i_o know_v of_o it_o nothing_o but_o a_o itinerary_n wherein_o many_o ancient_a name_n of_o town_n through_o the_o roman_a empire_n be_v remember_v which_o other_o have_v omit_v especial_o in_o britain_n that_o author_n come_v from_o our_o camolodunium_fw-la to_o colunium_fw-la and_o thence_o to_o gallunium_fw-la which_o by_o the_o usual_a transmutation_n of_o the_o roman_a g._n into_o our_o w._n that_o learned_a person_n conclude_v to_o be_v wally_n and_o thence_o i_o think_v i_o may_v safe_o from_o the_o distance_n of_o coln_n from_o almondbury_n and_o its_o lie_v in_o the_o road_n betwixt_o that_o and_o whalley_n conclude_v that_o coln_n be_v a_o roman_a station_n i_o will_v only_o add_v sir_n that_o the_o book_n i_o have_v mention_v be_v print_v at_o paris_n 1670_o or_o thereabouts_o and_o if_o our_o dean_n copy_n be_v procure_v from_o the_o french_a king_n library_n and_o which_o be_v strange_a that_o inquisitive_a person_n tell_v i_o he_o can_v not_o where_o meet_a with_o a_o other_o copy_n this_o last_o thing_n have_v induce_v i_o to_o think_v that_o somewhat_o i_o have_v trouble_v you_o with_o in_o relation_n to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n may_v be_v new_a to_o you_o the_o respect_n i_o bear_v to_o the_o place_n of_o my_o birth_n have_v perchance_o tempt_v i_o to_o determine_v too_o peremptory_o in_o favour_n of_o it_o which_o i_o whole_o submit_v to_o your_o very_a judicious_a censure_n and_o if_o what_o i_o have_v write_v so_o hasty_o may_v be_v any_o way_n serviceable_a to_o your_o chapter_n of_o antiquity_n i_o shall_v be_v extreme_o proud_a to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o least_o measure_n your_o humble_a servant_n with_o all_o deference_n to_o that_o learned_a gentleman_n it_o be_v my_o opinion_n coln_n be_v not_o a_o roman_a station_n and_o that_o for_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o because_o where_o the_o roman_a station_n be_v there_o be_v usual_o foss_n and_o fortification_n of_o which_o this_o learned_a gentleman_n give_v no_o account_n and_o though_o the_o coin_n find_v there_o may_v induce_v he_o to_o think_v it_o so_o yet_o that_o instance_n be_v not_o convince_a since_o they_o be_v frequent_o find_v in_o several_a other_o part_n which_o in_o probability_n be_v never_o roman_a station_n as_o at_o bury_n and_o standish_n in_o lancashire_n beside_o it_o be_v frequent_o observe_v that_o where_o the_o roman_a station_n be_v there_o be_v usual_o find_v roman_n altar_n dedicate_v to_o the_o genius_n of_o the_o place_n paterae_n and_o fibulae_fw-la it_o be_v very_o likely_a therefore_o that_o where_o those_o coin_n be_v find_v and_o not_o the_o other_o antiquity_n they_o be_v only_o bury_v there_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o march_n when_o they_o quit_v their_o station_n who_o rather_o choose_v to_o hide_v they_o in_o the_o earth_n than_o let_v they_o fall_v into_o their_o enemy_n hand_n second_o it_o be_v probable_a it_o be_v not_o a_o roman_a station_n from_o the_o account_n that_o be_v give_v of_o the_o boundary_n belong_v to_o they_o for_o as_o siculus_n flaccus_n inform_v we_o the_o field_n that_o lay_v near_o the_o colony_n be_v determine_v by_o several_a sort_n of_o bound_n in_o the_o limit_n there_o be_v place_v for_o mark_n sometime_o one_o thing_n and_o sometime_o another_o in_o some_o a_o little_a statue_n of_o mercury_n in_o other_o a_o wine_n vessel_n in_o other_o a_o spatula_fw-la in_o other_o a_o rhombus_fw-la or_o a_o figure_n in_o shape_n like_o a_o lozenge_n and_o in_o some_o according_a to_o vitalis_n and_o arcadius_n a_o flagon_n or_o jar_n now_o none_o of_o all_o these_o as_o ever_o i_o hear_v of_o have_v be_v dug_n up_o at_o coln_n i_o can_v conclude_v it_o a_o roman_a station_n but_o that_o the_o coin_n find_v there_o be_v lodge_v by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o itineraries_n but_o by_o reason_n some_o of_o these_o have_v be_v find_v at_o up-holland_n in_o lancashire_n that_o place_n indeed_o may_v have_v be_v a_o roman_a station_n from_o what_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o i_o it_o seem_v more_o feasible_a that_o the_o name_n coln_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o saxon_a word_n culme_n in_o that_o language_n signify_v coal_n that_o place_v abound_v with_o that_o sort_n of_o mine_n that_o manchester_n be_v a_o fortress_n of_o note_n in_o the_o roman_n day_n be_v apparent_a from_o the_o large_a ruin_n remain_v in_o a_o near_o adjoin_v field_n and_o some_o inscription_n that_o have_v be_v find_v in_o neighbour_a place_n but_o that_o i_o may_v do_v justice_n to_o the_o memory_n of_o mr._n hollingworth_n once_o fellow_n of_o the_o collegiate_n church_n in_o manchester_n i_o hope_v i_o shall_v not_o be_v censure_v in_o transcribe_v his_o manuscript_n relate_v to_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o town_n and_o now_o reserve_v in_o the_o library_n there_o he_o suppose_v it_o receive_v its_o denomination_n from_o maen_n which_o as_o we_o find_v from_o the_o glossaries_n of_o the_o british_a tongue_n signify_v a_o rock_n or_o stone_n because_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o rock_n or_o stony_a hill_n the_o roman_n call_v it_o mancunium_n or_o manucium_n according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o copy_n mention_v by_o antoninus_n the_o emperor_n who_o live_v about_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o christ_n the_o thoroughfare_a ascribe_v to_o he_o be_v from_o eboracum_n york_n to_o calacina_fw-la tadcaster_n then_o to_o cambodunum_n a_o place_n now_o ruin_v near_o almondsbury_n in_o yorkshire_n then_o to_o mammuncio_n or_o manucio_n manchester_n thence_o to_o condato_n congleton_n in_o cheshire_n and_o then_o from_o coccium_n ribchester_n to_o mancunio_n and_o so_o to_o condato_n this_o town_n of_o manchester_n be_v a_o station_n or_o fort_n of_o the_o roman_n now_o the_o station_n of_o the_o roman_a colony_n be_v the_o several_a plait_n of_o our_o city_n and_o principal_a town_n before_o who_o come_v the_o britain_n have_v not_o other_o city_n or_o town_n than_o wood_n fence_v with_o trench_n and_o rampire_n which_o be_v place_n of_o retreat_n to_o avoid_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o borderer_n in_o aldport_n close_o by_o the_o town_n be_v another_o fort_n where_o many_o roman_a coin_n have_v be_v dig_v up_o it_o be_v build_v foursquare_a be_v common_o call_v mancastle_n or_o mamcastle_n be_v build_v as_o may_v be_v presume_v by_o vicius_fw-la lupus_fw-la propraetor_n and_o lieutenant_n of_o britain_n as_o ulpian_n the_o civil_a lawyer_n call_v he_o who_o strengthen_v these_o northern_a part_n with_o fort_n and_o castle_n from_o this_o ancient_a fortress_n the_o place_n be_v afterward_o call_v aldport_n ald_v for_o outpost_n in_o teutonic_n from_o whence_o and_o not_o from_o the_o french_a they_o ancient_o have_v it_o be_v sometime_o use_v for_o a_o city_n wall_v town_n or_o fence_v place_n near_o to_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o parish_n towards_o prestwich_n there_o be_v a_o field_n call_v ho-castle-field_n and_o a_o lane_n call_v ho-castle-lane_n mr._n cambden_n visit_v these_o part_n see_v at_o the_o fort_n of_o alpark_n upon_o a_o long_a stone_n this_o inscription_n candidi_fw-la fides_n xx_o iiij_o and_o john_n dee_n then_o warden_n of_o manchester_n copy_v out_o this_o for_o he_o coho_n i_o frisin_n masavonis_fw-la p._n xx_o iii_o these_o two_o piece_n it_o
nisbet_n o_o crew_n offley_n esq_n oak_n esq_n ogle_n esq_n alex._n olbeldston_n esq_n mr._n john_n ody_n mr._n john_n offley_n grays_n inn._n mr._n thomas_n ogle_n mr._n william_n only_o mr._n osborn_n ex._n coll._n mr._n andrew_n osborn_n mr._n ambrose_n osborne_n of_o warrington_n p_o dr._n thomas_n parnell_n dr._n parson_n john_n price_n m._n d._n edward_n parker_n esq_n robert_n parker_n esq_n the_o reverend_n mr._n price_n the_o minister_n of_o penwortham_n the_o vicar_n of_o presbury_n christopher_n parker_n gent._n william_n patten_n gent._n nicholas_n penington_n gent._n mr._n pictairn_n mr._n parker_n mr._n parker_n of_o oxford_n mr._n james_n pearson_n mr._n thomas_n patten_n mr._n plumtree_n mr._n henry_n prescott_n of_o chester_n mr._n thomas_n proddy_n mr._n john_n pope_n r_o the_o earl_n rivers_n the_o countess_z dowager_z rivers_z the_o lady_z elizabeth_z rivers_z sir_n alex._n rigby_n knt._n dr._n tancred_n rovinson_n london_n dr._n rule_n thomas_n rigby_n esq_n william_n rosthorn_n esq_n john_n risley_n esq_n edward_n rigby_n esq_n charles_n rigby_n esq_n christopher_n rawlison_n esq_n richard_n wright_n preb._n of_o chester_n mr._n keel_n of_o balliol_n mathematic_a lecturer_n mr._n richards_n ex._n coll._n mr._n thomas_n rean_n mr._n jonathan_n rose_n mr._n reiner_n london_n s_n his_o grace_n the_o d._n of_o somerset_n the_o honourable_a james_n stanley_n esq_n sir_n alexander_n setton_n baronet_n sir_n archibald_n steinson_n m._n d._n sir_n thomas_n stanley_n sir_n robert_n sybbald_n m._n d._n sir_n thomas_n standish_n dr._n sloan_n london_n dr._n sherwood_n london_n thomas_n slater_n esq_n william_n stanford_n esq_n thomas_n stafford_n esq_n nicholas_n starkey_n esq_n richard_n spencer_n esq_n roger_n sudel_n major_a of_o preston_n charles_n smallwood_n l._n l._n b._n the_o reverend_a mr._n nicholas_n of_o stocport_n john_n smith_n gent._n john_n smith_n gent._n daniel_n sanford_n gent._n mr._n strathem_n mr._n slyford_n london_n mr._n skeer_n mr._n william_n shaw_n mr._n stanwicks_n mr._n nathaniel_n spooner_n mr._n barton_n shuttleworth_n mr._n edward_n shelton_n mr._n savile_n mr._n samuel_n shaw_n mr._n john_n stringham_n mr._n james_n smith_n mr._n john_n sheer_n of_o doddington_n mr._n john_n sutherland_n t_o sir_n tho._n tyrrell_n of_o thornton_n nicholas_n townley_n esq_n richard_n townley_n esq_n richard_n tompson_n esq_n thomas_n townley_n esq_n dr._n tyson_n london_n dr._n tod_n john_n thane_n preb._n of_o chester_n mr._n edmund_n townley_n a._n m._n zachariah_n taylor_n a._n m._n mr._n william_n taylor_n mr._n richard_n thompson_n mr._n benjamin_n tooke_n mr._n thomas_n tatham_n u_o mr._n thomas_n vernon_n w_n the_o earl_n of_o warrington_n dr._n john_n wainright_n dd._n ll._n the_o reverend_a dr._n john_n wallis_n dr._n woodroff_n dr._n wroe_n dr._n willoughby_n london_n dr._n waterhouse_n john_n ward_n of_o the_o inner_a temple_n esq_n laurence_n walmsley_n esq_n bartholomew_n walmsley_n esq_n benjamin_n walmsley_n esq_n john_n wedgewood_n esq_n gabriel_n wood_n esq_n william_n wooley_n of_o derbsh_n esq_n mr._n will._n ward_n vicar_n of_o portsmouth_n mr._n thomas_n waltham_n mr._n thomas_n watson_n mr._n westby_n mr._n thomas_n wareing_n mr._n henry_n wise_a mr._n richmond_n walton_n mr._n evan_n wall_n mr._n thomas_n williamson_n mr._n thomas_n wilson_n mr._n withers_n mr._n whitehead_n mr._n thomas_n winke_o mr._n richard_n walmsley_n of_o showley_n mr._n joseph_n walker_n mr._n whitehead_n of_o kirkham_n mr._n william_n walbanck_n y_fw-fr joseph_n yates_n esq_n charles_n yarborough_n m._n b._n mr._n peter_n yates_n advertisement_n i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o give_v this_o public_a notice_n to_o all_o that_o subscribe_v to_o this_o book_n that_o several_a impression_n of_o seal_n come_v to_o i_o enclose_v in_o letter_n but_o the_o gentleman_n who_o write_v they_o mention_v not_o to_o who_o each_o particular_a coat_n belong_v for_o want_v of_o those_o direction_n i_o be_v oblige_v to_o omit_v several_a but_o have_v leave_v a_o plate_n and_o give_v order_n for_o the_o engrave_v of_o they_o so_o that_o if_o those_o gentleman_n be_v please_v to_o send_v a_o impression_n of_o their_o arm_n to_o mr._n sturt_n a_o engraver_n near_o the_o white-lyon_n in_o red-cross-street_n in_o london_n they_o may_v have_v their_o arm_n engrave_v and_o that_o plate_v annex_v to_o the_o rest_n place_v this_o before_o the_o first_o plate_n of_o the_o arms._n a_o new_a map_n of_o lancashire_n cheshire_n &_o derbyshire_n in_o w_z ch_z be_v delineate_v most_o of_o y_z e_z town_n rivers_n meers_n &_o place_n relate_v to_o y_z e_z natural_a history_n of_o these_o country_n by_o charles_n leigh_n doctor_n of_o physic_n the_o natural_a history_n of_o lancashire_n cheshire_n and_o the_o peak_n in_o derbyshire_n chap._n 1._o of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n and_o of_o the_o air_n in_o those_o county_n lancashire_n my_o native_a soil_n have_v its_o denomination_n from_o lancaster_n the_o county_z town_n a_o ancient_a corporation_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o and_o spacious_a building_n it_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o river_n lune_fw-fr of_o which_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v hereafter_o this_o country_n be_v former_o inhabit_a by_o the_o brigantes_n who_o settle_v behind_o the_o mountain_n towards_o the_o western_a ocean_n from_o what_o country_n these_o man_n come_v be_v not_o very_o certain_a as_o mr._n cambden_n affirm_v some_o derive_v they_o from_o spain_n other_o from_o the_o alps_o and_o a_o three_o sort_n give_v they_o that_o name_n from_o the_o piracy_n they_o commit_v as_o the_o french_a however_o thus_o far_o we_o may_v conclude_v they_o be_v a_o warlike_a people_n inhabit_v among_o the_o ancient_a britain_n and_o the_o further_a disquisition_n of_o that_o matter_n i_o leave_v to_o the_o antiquary_n it_o be_v foreign_a to_o this_o undertake_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v hasten_v to_o the_o natural_a history_n and_o according_a to_o my_o design_v method_n first_o treat_n of_o the_o natural_a and_o various_a temperament_n of_o the_o air_n and_o afterward_o of_o the_o unusual_a phaenomena_n which_o have_v happen_v in_o that_o element_n however_o before_o i_o leave_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o county_n take_v a_o far_a account_n of_o they_o give_v by_o that_o learned_a and_o eminent_a antiquary_n mr._n hollingworth_n once_o fellow_n of_o the_o collegiate-church_n of_o manchester_n his_o manuscript_n be_v now_o reposit_v in_o the_o public-library_n there_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n say_v he_o of_o yorkshire_n lancashire_n westmoreland_n cumberland_n and_o durham_n be_v the_o brigantes_n their_o chief_a city_n be_v york_n sometime_o call_v brigantia_n in_o vespasian_n time_n petilius_n cerialis_n strike_v a_o terror_n into_o the_o whole_a land_n by_o invade_v at_o his_o first_o entry_n the_o brigantes_n the_o most_o populous_a of_o all_o the_o whole_a province_n many_o battle_n and_o 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be_v poise_n or_o balance_n by_o which_o they_o trade_v nor_o do_v the_o arabian_n differ_v much_o from_o that_o still_v it_o ana_n which_o
number_n there_o be_v kill_v upon_o that_o water_n a_o asper_n of_o which_o i_o prepare_v the_o oil_n but_o do_v not_o find_v that_o it_o answer_v the_o character_n general_o give_v of_o it_o for_o take_v of_o fish_n these_o meers_n lie_n in_o low_a ground_n have_v rivulet_n or_o little_a river_n that_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o they_o and_o have_v but_o little_a vent_n out_o form_n themselves_o into_o these_o large_a area_n in_o the_o mere_a that_o be_v drain_v be_v find_v great_a number_n of_o fir_n stock_n and_o fir-apple_n so_o that_o mr._n cambden_n be_v certain_o mistake_v when_o he_o assert_v those_o stock_n not_o to_o be_v real_o sir_n but_o other_o wood_n only_o make_v resinous_n by_o a_o bituminous_a earth_n in_o which_o they_o have_v be_v lodge_v as_o be_v common_o conjecture_v since_o the_o note_a deluge_n however_o the_o wood_n may_v be_v alter_v its_o certain_a the_o apple_n can_v not_o belong_v to_o any_o other_o tree_n but_o i_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o 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british_a it_o be_v call_v dyfyrdwy_n as_o spring_v from_o two_o fountain_n in_o wales_n from_o which_o some_o believe_v it_o have_v its_o denomination_n dwy_a in_o the_o british_a language_n signify_v two_o other_o say_v those_o word_n signify_v black_a water_n but_o why_o that_o epithet_n shall_v be_v apply_v to_o this_o river_n i_o see_v no_o ground_n for_o it_o the_o river_n be_v large_a and_o open_a and_o the_o water_n clear_a and_o pellucid_a some_o allege_v these_o word_n signify_v a_o divine_a water_n and_o hence_o a_o fountain_n sacred_a to_o the_o god_n be_v call_v divona_n and_o upon_o some_o roman_a tile_n dig_v up_o at_o chester_n i_o have_v see_v that_o word_n in_o roman_a character_n nor_o be_v this_o conjecture_n altogether_o improbable_a since_o in_o those_o day_n divine_a honour_n be_v pay_v to_o river_n as_o gildas_n inform_v we_o the_o thessalian_n pay_v they_o to_o peneus_n upon_o account_n of_o its_o pleasantness_n the_o scythian_n to_o ister_n for_o its_o largeness_n the_o german_n to_o the_o rhine_n because_o it_o be_v their_o judge_n in_o case_n of_o jealousy_n betwixt_o marry_a person_n it_o be_v say_v moreover_o of_o this_o river_n dee_n it_o seem_v holy_a to_o the_o christian_a britain_n for_o when_o they_o be_v draw_v up_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n ready_a to_o engage_v the_o saxon_n they_o first_o kiss_v the_o earth_n then_o devout_o drink_v of_o this_o water_n in_o memory_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o holy_a saviour_n the_o river_n dove_n in_o derbyshire_n call_v so_o by_o the_o inhabitant_n from_o its_o transparency_n i_o imagine_v as_o resemble_v the_o silver_n feather_n of_o that_o bird_n be_v remarkable_a for_o a_o fish_n call_v the_o grail_a and_o likewise_o trout_n say_v to_o be_v the_o best_a in_o england_n it_o run_v for_o the_o great_a part_n through_o a_o limestone_n which_o render_v its_o water_n so_o fertile_a a_o manure_n that_o even_o in_o winter_n the_o meadow_n on_o both_o side_n of_o it_o appear_v fresh_a 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manifest_a because_o in_o one_o the_o country_n be_v mountainous_a the_o other_o be_v a_o large_a extend_a flat_a this_o river_n run_v to_o ulcester_n seat_v upon_o a_o hill_n of_o easy_a ascent_n where_o it_o draw_v to_o the_o trent_n it_o incline_v towards_o tutbury-castle_n former_o very_o large_a and_o also_o call_v stutesbury_n command_v as_o it_o be_v the_o low_a country_n by_o its_o high_a situation_n on_o a_o alabaster-hill_n where_o there_o be_v a_o little_a monastery_n build_v by_o henry_n de_fw-fr feriers_fw-mi a_o noble_a norman_a to_o who_o william_n the_o first_o give_v large_a possession_n hereabout_o but_o they_o be_v all_o lose_v by_o robert_n de_fw-fr ferier_n earl_n of_o derby_n upon_o his_o second_o revolt_n from_o henry_n the_o three_o there_o be_v now_o proposal_n for_o make_v the_o river_n dee_fw-mi navigable_a which_o if_o effect_v will_v doubtless_o be_v very_o advantageous_a to_o that_o ancient_a city_n where_o that_o honourable_a legion_n viz._n the_o 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and_o full_o continue_v preserve_v and_o enjoy_v by_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n specify_v in_o the_o say_a charter_n and_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o these_o present_n we_o do_v upon_o our_o certain_a knowledge_n and_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o this_o our_o present_a parliament_n grant_v declare_v decree_n and_o ordain_v for_o we_o and_o our_o heir_n that_o as_o well_o our_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n as_o all_z and_o singular_a county_n manor_n honour_n castle_n fee_n advowsons_n possession_n annuity_n and_o signory_n whatsoever_o descend_v to_o we_o before_o the_o royal_a dignity_n be_v obtain_v by_o we_o how_o or_o in_o what_o place_n soever_o by_o right_a of_o possession_n inheritance_n or_o in_o reversion_n or_o other_o way_n remain_v to_o we_o and_o our_o say_a heir_n specify_v in_o the_o charter_n abovesaid_a after_o the_o say_a manner_n for_o ever_o and_o in_o this_o state_n and_o condition_n it_o remain_v from_o that_o time_n save_v that_o edward_n the_o four_o in_o the_o first_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n when_o he_o have_v attaint_v henry_n the_o six_o for_o treason_n appropriate_v it_o as_o they_o term_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n that_o be_v to_o say_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n king_n of_o england_n however_o henry_n the_o seven_o break_v this_o entail_v and_o so_o at_o this_o day_n it_o have_v its_o peculiar_a officer_n namely_o a_o chancellor_n attorney_n clerk_n of_o the_o court_n six_o assessor_n a_o messenger_n two_o auditor_n three_o and_o twenty_o receiver_n and_o three_o supervisor_n chester_n the_o metropolis_n of_o that_o county_n palatine_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o the_o many_o antiquity_n there_o discover_v and_o will_v furnish_v we_o with_o variety_n of_o matter_n both_o in_o relation_n to_o its_o self_n and_o the_o many_o celebrate_a personage_n that_o have_v receive_v title_n from_o it_o that_o it_o be_v eminent_a in_o the_o roman_n day_n be_v unquestionable_a by_o the_o numerous_a spoil_n of_o their_o grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n 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praeses_fw-la gunathae_fw-la that_o be_v governor_n of_o north_n wales_n jovi_fw-la optimo_fw-la maximo_fw-la tanaro_n titus_n elupius_n galerius_n praesens_fw-la gubernator_n principibus_fw-la legionis_fw-la vicessimae_fw-la victricis_fw-la valeriae_fw-la commodo_fw-la &_o laterano_n consulibus_fw-la votum_fw-la solvit_fw-la lubens_fw-la merito_fw-la from_o which_o inscription_n he_o argue_v the_o twenty_o legion_n be_v style_v victrix_n valeria_n and_o not_o valens_n victrix_n as_o mr._n cambden_n and_o other_o will_v have_v it_o another_o inscription_n he_o mention_n be_v varoniv_n ........._o ectus_n leg_n xx_o w_n etc._n etc._n and_o here_o the_o v._o be_v double_v he_o appeal_v to_o dio_n who_o say_v the_o twenty_o legion_n which_o be_v call_v valeria_n and_o victrix_n be_v now_o in_o upper_a britain_n which_o augustus_n preserve_v together_o with_o the_o other_o legion_n that_o have_v the_o name_n of_o vicesima_fw-la and_o have_v its_o winter-quarter_n in_o low_a germany_n and_o 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victoria_fw-la augusti_fw-la s._n c._n and_o a_o winge_a victory_n stand_v 2._o copper_n on_o the_o first_o side_n fl._n val._n constantius_n nob._n c._n and_o the_o face_n of_o constantius_n on_o the_o reverse_n genio_fw-la populi_n romani_fw-la a_o genius_n stand_v hold_v a_o bowl_n use_v in_o sacrifice_n in_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o a_o cornucopia_n in_o the_o left_a one_o of_o these_o coin_n be_v not_o speak_v of_o in_o the_o follow_a manuscript_n give_v i_o by_o mr._n prescot_n so_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o quote_v mr._n gibson_n for_o it_o but_o that_o i_o may_v now_o do_v justice_n to_o the_o courtesy_n and_o generosity_n of_o that_o curious_a gentleman_n mr._n henry_n prescot_n of_o chester_n the_o reader_n may_v here_o take_v a_o full_a account_n of_o that_o altar_n from_o his_o manuscript_n to_o kendrick_n eyton_n esq_n at_o eyton_n in_o the_o county_n of_o denbigh_n sir_n chester_n jan._n 12._o 1693._o the_o altar_n find_v here_o be_v a_o considerable_a piece_n of_o antiquity_n it_o do_v indeed_o prove_v itself_o so_o at_o first_o sight_n but_o because_o the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n and_o consul_n be_v want_v it_o require_v great_a skill_n in_o antiquity_n than_o i_o pretend_v to_o to_o fix_v its_o aera_fw-la however_o since_o you_o command_v i_o i_o will_v give_v my_o conjecture_n upon_o that_o and_o other_o circumstance_n of_o it_o in_o july_n last_o 1693._o upon_o occasion_n of_o dig_v a_o place_n for_o a_o cellar_n in_o the_o house_n of_o mr._n heath_n in_o the_o east-gate_n about_o two_o foot_n deep_a it_o be_v find_v with_o the_o inscription_n downward_o upon_o a_o stone_n two_o foot_n square_a and_o one_o in_o thickness_n which_o be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v the_o pedestal_n be_v moulder_a off_o on_o three_o side_n the_o foundation_n lie_v deep_a and_o broad_a consist_v of_o many_o great_a stone_n the_o earth_n about_o be_v solid_a but_o of_o several_a colour_n and_o ash_n be_v frequent_o find_v about_o the_o
show_v that_o adrian_n and_o venus_n govern_v the_o world_n egypt_n lean_v upon_o a_o basket_n of_o fruit_n hold_v a_o cistrum_fw-la or_o horn_n like_o a_o trumpet_n in_o her_o hand_n ibis_n a_o bird_n sacred_a to_o the_o egyptian_n be_v adjacent_a and_o be_v the_o bird_n when_o it_o find_v itself_o indispose_v that_o injected_a salt_n water_n by_o the_o help_n of_o its_o beak_n into_o the_o anus_fw-la and_o thence_o show_v we_o the_o use_n of_o clyster_n cappadocia_n hold_v a_o mountain_n in_o her_o hand_n its_o probable_a because_o the_o cappadocian_o worship_v a_o mountain_n for_o their_o god_n africa_n sacrifice_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o come_v of_o the_o emperor_n and_o hold_v spikes_n of_o corn_n cover_v with_o the_o exuviae_fw-la of_o elephant_n asia_n minor_n with_o the_o rostrum_n and_o stern_a of_o a_o ship_n to_o demonstrate_v their_o expertness_n in_o naval_a affair_n in_o which_o her_o inhabitant_n then_o excel_v and_o hold_v in_o her_o right_a hand_n a_o serpent_n 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island_n which_o from_o the_o subsequent_a observation_n may_v fair_o be_v prove_v to_o be_v phoenician_n of_o the_o first_o ezekiel_n chap._n 27._o give_v we_o this_o geographical_a account_n which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o exact_o quadrate_v with_o the_o reverse_n of_o the_o forementioned_a coin_n and_o full_o illustrate_v to_o we_o how_o from_o their_o vast_a industry_n skill_n and_o experience_n in_o navigation_n they_o may_v transplant_v themselves_o hither_o that_o the_o people_n of_o tirus_fw-la which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o phoenicia_n be_v seat_v at_o the_o entry_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v merchant_n and_o a_o people_n for_o many_o isle_n that_o their_o ship_n be_v make_v of_o the_o fir-tree_n of_o senir_fw-fr and_o their_o mast_n of_o the_o cedar_n of_o lebanon_n that_o they_o have_v oar_n from_o the_o oak_n of_o bashan_n bench_n of_o ivory_n from_o the_o ashurite_n bring_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o chittim_n embroider_v linen_n from_o egypt_n for_o 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take_v upon_o i_o to_o determine_v however_o it_o may_v merit_v the_o strict_a inquiry_n of_o the_o learned_a that_o the_o phoenician_n trade_v to_o tarshish_n be_v certain_a which_o by_o the_o best_a commentator_n be_v esteem_v to_o be_v the_o mediterranean_a and_o likewise_o to_o tubal_n javan_n and_o meshech_n which_o signify_v the_o north_n among_o which_o its_o probable_a the_o britain_n may_v be_v include_v that_o they_o likewise_o trade_v in_o precious_a clothes_n for_o their_o chariot_n a_o instrument_n only_o that_o they_o as_o well_o as_o the_o britain_n make_v use_v of_o in_o fight_v have_v now_o clear_v the_o first_o head_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o second_o and_o that_o be_v to_o prove_v that_o their_o way_n of_o worship_n in_o britain_n and_o phoenicia_n be_v the_o same_o which_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o due_o weigh_v the_o precede_a argument_n to_o wit_n the_o phoenician_n word_n in_o these_o part_n and_o manner_n of_o fight_v with_o their_o prodigious_a merchandize_v put_v it_o beyond_o contradiction_n that_o this_o island_n must_v necessary_o be_v inhabit_v from_o that_o country_n in_o a_o great_a measure_n at_o least_o the_o deity_n they_o then_o worship_v retain_v the_o follow_a name_n andraste_v and_o astarte_n of_o which_o dion_n cassius_n give_v the_o follow_a account_n in_o his_o life_n of_o nero._n the_o british_a amazon_n bonduca_n or_o boadicia_n say_v leo_n before_o she_o engage_v the_o roman_n with_o her_o hand_n lift_v up_o to_o heaven_n have_v this_o ejaculation_n o_o astarte_n protectrix_fw-la of_o woman_n i_o invocate_v thou_o now_o the_o phoenician_n as_o well_o as_o she_o worship_v astarte_n by_o that_o meaning_n the_o moon_n or_o venus_n which_o sometime_o they_o term_v venus_n sometime_o belisama_n sometime_o diana_n and_o sometime_o proserpina_n from_o the_o benign_a influence_n that_o they_o expect_v from_o she_o in_o the_o river_n wood_n valley_n and_o their_o pleasure_n she_o be_v style_v belisama_n upon_o 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find_v affair_n in_o this_o province_n and_o in_o this_o extremity_n paulinus_n suetonius_n command_v he_o resolve_v with_o about_o 10000_o man_n to_o give_v they_o battle_n encamp_v himself_o advantageous_o whilst_o the_o britain_n head_v by_o a_o enrage_a queen_n presume_v on_o victory_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 100000_o man_n engage_v they_o the_o success_n fall_v to_o the_o roman_a side_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o at_o least_o 80000_o of_o the_o enemy_n this_o prove_v a_o finish_v stroke_v and_o retrieve_v all_o the_o roman_n have_v lose_v for_o some_o year_n afterward_o little_a action_n be_v far_o know_v till_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 71_o vespasian_n mount_v the_o imperial_a throne_n send_v great_a army_n and_o note_a general_n into_o britain_n among_o who_o be_v the_o great_a agricola_n who_o life_n tacitus_n give_v we_o more_o particular_o than_o what_o we_o find_v of_o any_o other_o lieutenant_n in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o command_n here_o he_o finish_v a_o complete_a conquest_n of_o britain_n and_o doubtless_o have_v confirm_v it_o have_v not_o domitian_n envy_n recall_v he_o like_o a_o general_a inundation_n he_o overthrow_v all_o opposition_n in_o many_o pitch_a battle_n be_v still_o victorious_a his_o conduct_n and_o personal_a courage_n be_v equal_a to_o ancient_a hero_n he_o pierce_v beyond_o the_o two_o frith_n now_o dunbritton_n and_o edinburgh_n and_o there_o find_v new_a and_o unknown_a nation_n of_o the_o caledonian_n britain_n his_o fleet_n still_o coast_v along_o discover_v the_o isle_n of_o orkney_n have_v finish_v his_o conquest_n by_o land_n he_o command_v his_o admiral_n who_o he_o furnish_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o sail_v round_o the_o island_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v many_o fort_n this_o accomplish_a general_n build_v and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 85_o deliver_v the_o province_n in_o peace_n and_o quiet_a to_o his_o successor_n for_o many_o year_n nothing_o further_o occur_v remarkable_a 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province_n to_o imperial_a rome_n which_o be_v continue_v to_o be_v retain_v in_o its_o allegiance_n by_o strong_a legionary_a force_n and_o doubtless_o it_o be_v in_o these_o time_n and_o in_o these_o part_n they_o establish_v their_o colony_n fix_v their_o station_n build_v their_o fort_n and_o citadel_n which_o improve_v into_o fair_a and_o spacious_a town_n now_o the_o wood_n be_v level_v produce_v structure_n worthy_a the_o roman_a greatness_n their_o bog_n and_o fenny_a place_n as_o numerous_a in_o those_o day_n as_o of_o late_a in_o ireland_n be_v drain_v or_o render_v passable_a by_o causeway_n and_o their_o river_n by_o bridges_n the_o britain_n now_o relish_v the_o roman_a manner_n and_o admire_v their_o eloquence_n leave_v their_o fastness_n in_o wood_n and_o inhabit_v town_n wear_v the_o roman_a habit_n use_v bath_n and_o marry_v interchangeable_o husbandry_n now_o flourish_v and_o supply_v they_o with_o plenty_n of_o grain_n ship_v from_o all_o part_n arrive_v import_v all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o the_o pleasure_n and_o use_v of_o man._n the_o british_a youth_n be_v discipline_v and_o prove_v a_o strong_a bulwark_n to_o the_o empire_n precede_v emperor_n have_v draw_v large_a supply_n from_o hence_o to_o assist_v they_o in_o their_o war_n but_o now_o they_o be_v make_v stand_v and_o continue_v so_o now_o the_o revolve_v reign_v furnish_v we_o with_o the_o noble_a ruin_n we_o discover_v of_o their_o votive_a altar_n statue_n coin_n and_o other_o spoil_n of_o antiquity_n let_v we_o at_o length_n view_v the_o empire_n in_o its_o decline_a state_n and_o see_v the_o island_n suffer_v equal_a revolution_n with_o it_o this_o unwieldy_a bulk_n of_o roman_a greatness_n oppress_v with_o its_o own_o weight_n long_o stagger_v at_o last_o sink_v beneath_o it_o what_o by_o intestine_a division_n when_o either_o side_n exhaust_v their_o province_n sheathe_v their_o sword_n in_o each_o other_o bowel_n through_o who_o wound_n foreign_a and_o barbarous_a nation_n 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and_o station_n the_o life_n and_o action_n of_o the_o emperor_n their_o coin_n and_o different_a explication_n of_o their_o reverse_n i_o have_v endeavour_v with_o as_o much_o brevity_n and_o perspicuity_n as_o matter_n of_o so_o intricate_a a_o nature_n will_v admit_v of_o to_o account_v for_o the_o roman_a history_n in_o these_o northern_a part_n and_o though_o caesar_n affirm_v in_o his_o commentary_n that_o all_o the_o inland_a britain_n inhabit_v in_o wood_n and_o fastness_n yet_o i_o think_v whoever_o consider_v the_o country_n adjacent_a and_o the_o various_a name_n give_v to_o that_o ancient_a city_n chester_n together_o with_o the_o city_n itself_o can_v but_o conclude_v he_o be_v certain_o mistake_v and_o he_o may_v easy_o be_v so_o have_v never_o advance_v his_o irresistible_a legion_n so_o far_o as_o these_o country_n it_o now_o remain_v in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o i_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o british_a antiquity_n in_o those_o part_n but_o since_o none_o that_o i_o can_v certain_o call_v such_o have_v occur_v to_o my_o observation_n i_o can_v expatiate_v upon_o that_o topick_n it_o be_v true_a indeed_o i_o have_v see_v various_a coin_n which_o mr._n cambden_n call_v british_a but_o since_o the_o same_o reverse_n be_v frequent_o observe_v on_o the_o roman_a coin_n i_o dare_v not_o be_v positive_a in_o that_o matter_n nor_o indeed_o do_v it_o clear_o appear_v to_o i_o what_o the_o british_a coin_n be_v whether_o any_o sort_n of_o metal_n or_o shell_n as_o the_o american_n have_v at_o this_o day_n have_v they_o be_v of_o any_o kind_n of_o metal_n it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o in_o these_o part_n in_o some_o generation_n or_o other_o some_o of_o they_o will_v have_v be_v find_v wherefore_o i_o can_v only_o add_v further_a upon_o that_o head_n that_o i_o have_v see_v a_o copper_n coin_n dig_v up_o at_o ribchester_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o head_n but_o not_o like_o any_o of_o the_o roman_n or_o