demonstrate_v but_o when_o marcus_n asclepiodotus_n have_v slay_v he_o in_o battle_n those_o french_a who_o remain_v alive_a after_o the_o fight_n hasten_v to_o london_n will_v have_v plunder_v the_o city_n have_v not_o the_o river_n thames_n who_o never_o fail_v to_o help_v the_o londoner_n at_o need_n very_o happy_o bring_v the_o roman_a legion_n to_o their_o assistance_n who_o put_v the_o barbarian_n to_o the_o sword_n all_o the_o city_n over_o about_o which_o time_n it_o be_v record_v that_o lucius_n gallus_n be_v slay_v by_o a_o brookside_n which_o run_v almost_o through_o the_o city_n and_o of_o he_o be_v call_v by_o the_o britain_n wantgall_n in_o english_a walbrook_n which_o name_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n under_o which_o there_o be_v a_o sewer_n within_o the_o ground_n to_o carry_v the_o kennel_n water_n of_o the_o city_n into_o the_o thames_n this_o be_v not_o far_o from_o london-stone_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o milemark_n or_o miliary_a such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o market_n place_n of_o rome_n from_o which_o be_v take_v dimension_n of_o journey_n every_o way_n which_o seem_v the_o more_o probable_a because_o this_o stone_n be_v near_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n as_o it_o lie_v in_o length_n after_o this_o julius_n agricola_n the_o roman_a lieutenant_n persuade_v the_o britain_n to_o build_v house_n for_o themselves_o and_o temple_n for_o their_o god_n to_o bring_v up_o their_o child_n in_o learning_n and_o to_o apparel_n themselves_o like_a roman_n so_o that_o in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n she_o become_v famous_a but_o especial_o for_o the_o multitude_n of_o merchant_n provision_n and_o trade_n thereof_o as_o cornelius_n tacitus_n note_n and_o be_v then_o call_v by_o some_o author_n londinum_n by_o other_o augusta_n under_o which_o name_n her_o fame_n be_v celebrate_v by_o a_o ancient_a author_n which_o be_v thus_o translate_v by_o philemon_n holland_n this_o city_n be_v augusta_n call_v to_o which_o a_o truth_n to_o say_v air_n land_n sea_n and_o all_o element_n show_v favour_v every_o way_n the_o wether_n no_o where_n mild_a be_v the_o ground_n most_o rich_a to_o see_v which_o yield_v all_o sort_n of_o useful_a fruit_n that_o never_o spend_v will_v be_v the_o ocean_n that_o with_o thames_n her_o stream_n his_o flow_a tide_n do_v blend_v convey_v to_o it_o commodity_n all_o that_o the_o world_n can_v send_v the_o noble_a seat_n of_o king_n it_o be_v for_o state_n and_o royalty_n of_o all_o the_o realm_n the_o fence_n the_o heart_n the_o life_n the_o light_n the_o eye_n the_o people_n ancient_n valorous_a expert_a in_o chivalry_n enrich_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o good_n of_o art_n or_o mystery_n take_v a_o strict_a view_n of_o every_o thing_n and_o then_o say_v thus_o in_o brief_a this_o either_o be_v a_o world_n itself_o or_o of_o the_o world_n the_o chief_a chap._n ii_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a wall_n and_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n historian_n report_n that_o about_o the_o year_n after_o christ_n 306_o constantine_n the_o great_a at_o the_o desire_n of_o his_o mother_n helena_n do_v first_o build_v a_o wall_n about_o this_o city_n which_o may_v seem_v more_o probable_a consider_v that_o the_o britain_n do_v understand_v how_o to_o build_v wall_n with_o stone_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a relation_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 399_o when_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n be_v invade_v and_o that_o city_n destroy_v by_o the_o goth_n the_o roman_n call_v away_o all_o their_o force_n from_o britain_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o own_o country_n after_o which_o the_o britain_n being_n not_o able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o be_v for_o many_o year_n oppress_v by_o two_o cruel_a nation_n that_o be_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n whereupon_o they_o send_v ambassador_n with_o letter_n full_a of_o lamentable_a supplication_n and_o complaint_n to_o rome_n to_o desire_v their_o assistance_n promise_v constant_a obedience_n to_o they_o the_o roman_n send_v they_o a_o legion_n of_o soldier_n who_o fight_v with_o their_o enemy_n and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o leave_v the_o britain_n at_o liberty_n they_o advise_v they_o to_o make_v a_o wall_n across_o the_o country_n from_o one_o sea_n to_o the_o other_o for_o their_o defence_n against_o their_o troublesome_a neighbour_n and_o then_o the_o roman_n return_v home_o in_o triumph_n the_o britain_n build_v this_o wall_n in_o the_o north_n of_o england_n but_o want_v mason_n they_o do_v not_o make_v it_o of_o stone_n as_o the_o roman_n direct_v but_o of_o turf_n which_o be_v so_o weak_a that_o it_o be_v little_a security_n to_o they_o for_o their_o enemy_n perceive_v the_o roman_n be_v go_v they_o present_o come_v in_o boat_n and_o invade_v their_o country_n ruine_v and_o waste_v all_o before_o they_o upon_o which_o ambassador_n be_v again_o send_v with_o fresh_a lamentation_n to_o rome_n beseech_v they_o not_o to_o suffer_v their_o miserable_a country_n to_o be_v whole_o destroy_v the_o roman_n than_o send_v they_o another_o legion_n who_o come_v sudden_o surprise_v their_o enemy_n and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n among_o they_o chase_v they_o back_o again_o even_o to_o their_o own_o country_n the_o roman_n depart_v home_o again_o tell_v the_o britain_n plain_o that_o the_o journey_n hither_o be_v long_a and_o troublesome_a and_o therefore_o they_o must_v expect_v no_o further_o help_v from_o they_o but_o must_v learn_v to_o use_v armour_n and_o weapon_n themselves_o thereby_o to_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v their_o enemy_n who_o be_v encourage_v to_o invade_v they_o because_o of_o their_o cowardice_n and_o faintheartedness_n however_o for_o the_o encouragement_n of_o their_o tributary_n friend_n who_o they_o be_v now_o force_v to_o forsake_v the_o roman_n make_v they_o a_o wall_n of_o hard_a stone_n from_o the_o west_n sea_n to_o the_o east_n sea_n and_o build_v two_o city_n at_o each_o end_n thereof_o the_o britain_n labour_v therein_o also_o this_o wall_n be_v build_v eight_o foot_n thick_a and_o twelve_o foot_n high_a direct_o east_n and_o west_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o ruin_n to_o be_v see_v at_o this_o day_n the_o work_n be_v finish_v the_o roman_n give_v they_o a_o strict_a charge_n to_o look_v to_o themselves_o and_o to_o instruct_v their_o people_n in_o the_o use_n of_o arm_n and_o military_a discipline_n and_o lest_o the_o enemy_n shall_v come_v by_o sea_n southward_o they_o make_v divers_a bulwark_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o seaside_n and_o then_o bid_v the_o britain_n farewell_n as_o intend_v to_o return_v no_o more_o this_o happen_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o theodosius_n the_o young_a near_o 500_o year_n after_o the_o first_o arrival_n of_o the_o roman_n here_o and_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 434._o the_o britain_n after_o this_o have_v several_a skirmish_n with_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o make_v choice_n of_o vortiger_n to_o be_v their_o king_n and_o leader_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v neither_o wise_a nor_o valiant_a be_v whole_o give_v up_o to_o lust_n and_o debauchery_n and_o the_o people_n likewise_o have_v some_o rest_n from_o their_o enemy_n run_v into_o gluttony_n drunkenness_n pride_n contention_n envy_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o vice_n to_o the_o great_a scandal_n of_o their_o christian_a profession_n at_o which_o time_n a_o dreadful_a pestilence_n fall_v upon_o they_o which_o destroy_v such_o a_o multitude_n of_o they_o that_o the_o quick_a be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o bury_v the_o dead_a and_o yet_o those_o that_o remain_v alive_a continue_v so_o impenitent_a that_o neither_o the_o death_n of_o their_o friend_n nor_o fear_v of_o their_o enemy_n have_v any_o effect_n upon_o they_o whereupon_o divine_a justice_n pursue_v they_o even_o almost_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o whole_a sinful_a nation_n for_o be_v now_o again_o in_o danger_n of_o utter_a ruin_n from_o their_o old_a neighbour_n the_o scot_n and_o pict_n they_o consult_v with_o their_o king_n vortiger_n what_o to_o do_v and_o at_o last_o conclude_v to_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_n who_o soon_o after_o arrive_v in_o britain_n where_o say_v bede_n they_o be_v receive_v as_o friend_n for_o have_v drive_v out_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n they_o likewise_o drive_v out_o the_o britain_n force_v some_o of_o they_o to_o fly_v over_o the_o sea_n and_o other_o into_o the_o barren_a and_o waste_a mountain_n of_o wales_n and_o cornwall_n the_o saxon_n be_v likewise_o ignorant_a of_o building_n with_o stone_n till_o the_o year_n 680._o for_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o bennet_n abbot_n of_o werral_n and_o master_n to_o reverend_a bede_n first_o bring_v in_o artificer_n for_o stone_n house_n and_o glass_n window_n unknown_a before_o to_o the_o saxon_n who_o build_v only_o with_o wood._n and_o to_o this_o polychronicon_n agree_v who_o speak_v of_o those_o time_n say_v
of_o the_o river_n against_o a_o invasion_n and_o secure_v merchandize_v and_o navigation_n by_o block-house_n fort_n or_o 〈…〉_o there_o be_v divers_a court_n of_o judicature_n belong_v to_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o city_n of_o london_n the_o high_a and_o most_o ancient_a court_n be_v call_v the_o husting_n which_o preserve_v the_o law_n right_n franchise_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o city_n there_o be_v a_o court_n of_o request_n or_o conscience_n the_o court_n of_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o alderman_n where_o also_o the_o recorder_n and_o sheriff_n sit_v two_o court_n of_o the_o sheriff_n one_o for_o each_o counter_n the_o court_n of_o the_o city_n orphan_n whereof_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o alderman_n have_v the_o care_n the_o court_n of_o common-council_n consist_v as_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n of_o two_o house_n one_o of_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o alderman_n and_o the_o other_o of_o commoner_n but_o they_o fit_v all_o together_o in_o which_o court_n be_v make_v all_o b._n law_n which_o bound_v all_o the_o citizen_n of_o london_n for_o every_o man_n either_o by_o himself_o or_o by_o his_o representative_a give_v his_o assent_n thereto_o wherein_o consist_v the_o happiness_n of_o the_o english_a above_o all_o other_o subject_n in_o the_o world_n that_o neither_o in_o law_n by_o law_n tax_n nor_o impost_n no_o man_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v any_o thing_n but_o by_o his_o own_o consent_n there_o be_v another_o court_n of_o the_o chamberlain_n of_o the_o city_n to_o who_o belong_v the_o receipt_n of_o the_o rent_n and_o revenue_n thereof_o and_o likewise_o the_o inrol_a and_o make_v free_a apprentice_n over_o who_o he_o have_v great_a authority_n also_o the_o court_n of_o coroner_n and_o escheator_n and_o another_o court_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n last_o the_o court_n of_o goal_n delivery_n at_o newgate_n hold_v usual_o eight_o time_n a_o â—ear_n at_o the_o old_a bailie_n both_o for_o the_o city_n and_o middlesex_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o criminal_n whereof_o the_o lord_n may_v or_o be_v chief_n judge_n there_o be_v other_o court_v call_v wardmote_a or_o the_o meeting_n of_o ward_n whereof_o there_o be_v 26_o in_o the_o whole_a city_n every_o alderman_n have_v a_o several_a ward_n in_o this_o court_n inquiry_n be_v make_v into_o all_o thing_n that_o conduce_v to_o the_o regulate_v and_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o city_n also_o the_o court_n of_o hallmote_n or_o assembly_n of_o every_o guild_n and_o fraternity_n for_o regulate_v what_o belong_v to_o every_o company_n in_o particular_a there_o be_v two_o sheriff_n belong_v to_o this_o city_n which_o like_o the_o lord_n mayor_n be_v only_o for_o a_o year_n and_o be_v elect_v general_o upon_o midsummerday_o the_o name_n be_v think_v to_o be_v saxon_a from_o shire_n or_o country_n and_o rive_v governor_n his_o office_n be_v to_o serve_v the_o king_n writ_n of_o attachment_n to_o return_v indifferent_a jury_n to_o see_v that_o the_o public_a peace_n be_v keep_v and_o that_o condemn_a person_n be_v execute_v etc._n etc._n newgate_n ludgate_n and_o the_o two_o counter_n be_v put_v into_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o sheriff_n for_o the_o ecclesiastical_a government_n there_o be_v a_o bishop_n and_o the_o present_a be_v dr._n henry_n compton_n and_o to_o the_o cathedral_n of_o st_n paul_n belong_v a_o dean_n a_o chapter_n a_o treasurer_n and_o 〈◊〉_d prehend_v a_o rector_n or_o vicar_n be_v place_v in_o every_o parish_n for_o the_o cure_n of_o sâ—uls_n and_o there_o be_v in_o most_o parish_n a_o parsonage_n or_o vicarage-house_n for_o the_o minister_n and_o a_o competent_a allowance_n of_o tithe_n chap._n vi_o the_o several_a company_n or_o corporation_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o each_o company_n and_o the_o time_n of_o their_o incorporate_n the_o trader_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v divide_v into_o company_n or_o corporation_n and_o be_v so_o many_o body_n politic_a enjoy_v large_a privilege_n by_o the_o charter_n of_o divers_a king_n grant_v to_o they_o and_o have_v hall_n to_o meet_v in_o some_o like_a palace_n with_o arm_n belong_v to_o each_o company_n the_o arm_n of_o this_o famous_a city_n of_o london_n be_v argent_fw-fr cross_n gules_a with_o the_o sword_n of_o st._n paul_n say_v some_o and_o not_o the_o dagger_n of_o william_n walworth_n for_o they_o say_v it_o be_v record_v this_o coat_n do_v belong_v to_o the_o city_n long_o before_o wat_n tyler_n rebellion_n the_o arm_n of_o london_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o company_n follow_v merchant_z adventurer_n incorporate_v by_o ed._n 4._o confirm_v by_o q._n eliz._n turkey_n merchant_n incorporate_v by_o q._n e._n their_o charter_n enlarge_v by_o k._n james_n 1_o east-india_n company_n they_o be_v first_o incorporate_v by_o q._n e._n 1600._o 1._o mercer_n they_o be_v incorporat_a 17_o rich._n 2._o 1393._o 2._o grocer_n first_o call_v pepperer_n incorporate_v 28_o e._n 3._o 3._o draper_n they_o be_v incorporâ—â—â—_n in_o the_o 17_o h._n 6._o 4._o fishmonger_n the_o stock_n and_o salt_n incorporate_v 28_o h._n 8._o 5._o goldsmith_n they_o be_v make_v a_o company_n 16_o r._n 2._o 6._o skinner_n incorporate_v first_o by_o edw._n 3._o confirm_v 18_o rich_a 2._o 7._o merchant_z tailor_n they_o be_v complete_o incorporate_v by_o hen._n 7._o 1531._o 8._o haberdasher_n incorporat_a 17_o hen._n 7._o call_v st._n kath._n society_n 9_o salter_n have_v their_o arm_n 22_o hen._n 8._o crest_n and_o supporter_n by_o q._n eliz._n 10._o iroâ—mongers_n they_o be_v make_v a_o company_n the_o 3d_o of_o edward_n 4._o 11._o vintner_n incorpor_fw-la by_o edw._n 3._o and_o confirm_v by_o hen._n 6._o 12._o clothworker_n grow_v to_o be_v a_o company_n the_o 22_o of_o henry_n 8._o 13._o dyer_n incorporate_v first_o by_o a_o charter_n from_o henry_n 6._o 14._o brewer_n incorporate_v by_o hen._n 6._o confirm_v by_o q._n eliz._n 15._o leatherseller_n first_o incorporate_v in_o the_o 6_o of_o richard_n 2._o 16._o prwterer_n they_o be_v make_v a_o society_n by_o k._n edw._n 4._o 17._o barber-chirurgeon_n first_o incorporate_v by_o edw._n 4._o and_o confirm_v by_o every_o prince_n since_o 18._o armourer_n incorporate_v by_o hen._n 6._o himself_n be_v of_o the_o company_n 19_o white_a baker_n they_o be_v ancient_a be_v incorporat_a 1_o edw._n 2._o 20._o wax_v chandler_n in_o great_a credit_n in_o the_o time_n of_o popery_n incorporat_a 2_o rich._n 3._o 1484._o 21._o tallow_n chandler_n incorporate_v 2_o edw._n 4._o and_o confirm_v by_o king_n james_n 1_o 22._o cutler_n they_o be_v make_v a_o company_n by_o henry_n 5._o and_o other_o since_o 23._o girdlees_n they_o be_v make_v a_o company_n 27_o henry_n 6._o 24_o butcher_n they_o be_v not_o incorporate_v till_o 3_o of_o king_n james_n 1_o 25._o sadler_n they_o be_v ancient_a from_o edw._n 1._o 300_o year_n ago_o 26._o carpenter_n they_o be_v incorporate_v 7_o july_n 17_o edw._n 4._o 27._o cordwinder_n or_o shoemaker_n be_v incorporate_v 17_o hen._n 6._o and_o confirm_v since_o 28._o painter_n or_o painter_n stainer_n be_v incorgor_n 23_o q._n e._n 1580._o 29._o currier_n they_o be_v ancient_a but_o not_o incorporate_v till_o 12_o inn_n 3_o of_o king_n james_n 30._o mason_n or_o free_a mason_n be_v make_v 〈◊〉_d company_n 12_o hen._n 4._o 31._o plumber_n they_o be_v make_v a_o corporation_n 9_o k._n james_n 1_o 32._o inholder_n they_o be_v make_v a_o company_n 6_o henry_n 8._o 33._o founderes_fw-la incorporate_v the_o 18_o sept._n 12_o k._n james_n 1_o 34._o embroiderer_n they_o be_v incorporate_v in_o the_o 4_o of_o q._n eliz._n 35._o poulterer_n incorporat_a by_o henry_n 7._o and_o confirm_v 33_o q._n e._n 36._o cook_n indorpor_fw-la 12_o e._n 4._o &_o confir_n by_o q._n e._n &_o k._n j._n 1._o 37._o cooper_n they_o be_v make_v a_o company_n the_o 18_o h._n 7._o 38._o bricklayer_n or_o tiler_n incorporate_v by_o q._n e._n confirm_v 2_o k._n j._n 1._o 39_o bowyer_n the_o of_o their_o incorporate_v be_v 21_o k._n j._n 1._o 40._o fletcher_n they_o be_v also_o a_o corporation_n but_o when_o make_v be_v uncertain_a 41._o blacksmith_n incorporate_v 20_o q._n e._n confirm_v 2_o k._n ja._n 1._o 42._o joiner_n incorporate_v 13_o q._n e._n 43._o plasterer_n they_o be_v incorporain_n the_o reign_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o 7._o 44._o weaver_n now_o silk_n weaver_n very_o ancient_a have_v 3_o society_n 45._o fruiterer_n incorporate_v 3_o k._n j._n 1._o 49._o scrivener_n ancient_a yet_o not_o incorporate_v till_o 14_o k._n j._n 1._o 50._o bottlemaker_n horner_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n but_o not_o incor_n 51._o stationer_n of_o great_a antiquity_n before_o printing_n &_o incorporate_v 3_o phil._n and_o m._n 52._o marbler_n not_o incorporat_a unless_o join_v with_o the_o mason_n 53._o wool-packers_a they_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o woâ—â—staple_n 54._o farrier_n they_o rise_v
hisstorical_a remark_n london_n in_o flame_n london_n in_o glory_n historical_a remark_n and_o observation_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o london_n and_o westminster_n show_v the_o foundation_n wall_n gate_n tower_n bridges_n church_n rivers_n ward_n palace_n hall_n company_n inn_n of_o court_n and_o chancery_n hospital_n school_n government_n charter_n court_n and_o privilege_n thereof_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a accident_n as_o to_o war_n fire_n plague_n and_o other_o occurrence_n which_o have_v happen_v therein_o for_o above_o nine_o hundred_o year_n past_a till_o the_o year_n 1681._o illustrate_v with_o picture_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a matter_n curious_o engrave_v on_o copper_n plate_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o sixty_o six_o company_n of_o london_n and_o the_o time_n of_o their_o incorporate_n by_o richard_n burton_n author_n of_o the_o history_n of_o the_o war_n of_o england_n london_n print_v for_o nath._n crouch_v at_o the_o bell_n next_o to_o kemp_n coffee_n house_v in_o exchange_n alley_n over_o against_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o cornhill_n 1681._o to_o the_o reader_n a_o ingenious_a historian_n who_o be_v a_o great_a traveller_n write_v concern_v this_o famous_a city_n about_o thirty_o year_n since_o venture_v to_o compare_v it_o as_o to_o situation_n government_n trade_n artist_n and_o all_o other_o accommodation_n to_o the_o great_a city_n in_o europe_n yea_o all_o thing_n consider_v to_o the_o great_a in_o the_o world_n and_o if_o at_o that_o time_n it_o deserve_v such_o high_a encomium_n then_o certain_o since_o its_o rise_n out_o of_o those_o ruin_n that_o unhappy_o befall_v a_o great_a part_n thereof_o by_o the_o dreadful_a fire_n in_o 1666_o it_o do_v even_o excel_v itself_o and_o the_o beauty_n thereof_o be_v very_o much_o increase_v especial_o as_o to_o uniformity_n and_o curiosity_n of_o building_n largeness_n of_o street_n and_o many_o other_o excellency_n which_o that_o fiery_a purgation_n have_v occasion_v so_o that_o we_o may_v invert_v what_o be_v former_o say_v of_o solomon_n temple_n in_o ezra_n time_n that_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o former_a city_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o latter_a there_o need_v then_o no_o apology_n for_o make_v this_o short_a collection_n concern_v this_o great_a subject_n especial_o since_o there_o be_v few_o book_n now_o extant_a that_o treat_n of_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o and_o none_o that_o i_o know_v of_o who_o have_v write_v of_o the_o particular_a accident_n that_o happen_v thereunto_o it_o can_v therefore_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o have_v a_o short_a manunual_a of_o so_o many_o particular_n for_o so_o long_a time_n pass_v at_o so_o small_a a_o price_n as_o this_o be_v the_o serious_a perusal_n whereof_o will_v very_o much_o confirm_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o the_o wise_a solomon_n write_v so_o long_o since_o eccl._n 1.9_o the_o thing_n that_o have_v be_v it_o be_v that_o which_o shall_v be_v and_o that_o which_o be_v do_v be_v that_o which_o shall_v be_v do_v and_o there_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n under_o the_o sun_n richard_n burton_n historical_a remark_n of_o london_n etc._n etc._n chap._n i._n the_o original_a and_o foundation_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o london_n though_o it_o may_v seem_v difficult_a to_o discover_v the_o original_a of_o some_o nation_n and_o city_n yet_o it_o be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o find_v out_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o honourable_a and_o famous_a city_n of_o london_n but_o as_o the_o roman_a writer_n to_o magnify_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n draw_v its_o original_a from_o god_n and_o demigod_n by_o the_o race_n of_o the_o trojan_n so_o jeffery_n of_o monmouth_n our_o welsh_a historian_n for_o the_o great_a glory_n of_o this_o renown_a city_n deduce_v it_o from_o the_o same_o original_a relate_v that_o bruce_n who_o descend_v from_o the_o demy-god_n aeneas_n the_o son_n of_o venus_n daughter_n of_o jupiter_n about_o the_o year_n of_o the_o world_n 2855_o and_o 1108_o year_n before_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o bless_a saviour_n build_v this_o city_n near_o the_o river_n now_o call_v thames_n and_o name_v it_o troynovant_n or_o trenovant_n but_o this_o account_n have_v no_o great_a authority_n the_o same_o historian_n tell_v we_o that_o k._n lud_n afterward_o repair_v and_o increase_v this_o city_n with_o fair_a building_n tower_n and_o wall_n and_o call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n cairo_n lud_n or_o lud_n town_n and_o the_o gate_n which_o he_o build_v in_o the_o west_n part_v thereof_o he_o likewise_o for_o his_o own_o honour_n name_v ludgate_n he_o add_v that_o this_o lud_n have_v two_o son_n androgeus_n and_o theomantius_fw-la who_o be_v not_o of_o age_n to_o govern_v at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n their_o uncle_n cassibelan_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o eight_o year_n of_o who_o reign_n julius_n caesar_n arrive_v in_o england_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n to_o conquer_v it_o and_o oblige_v the_o britain_n to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n to_o rome_n caesar_n call_v london_n the_o city_n of_o the_o trinobantes_n which_o sound_v somewhat_o like_o troy_n nova_n though_o learned_a man_n think_v that_o trinobantes_n signify_v the_o state_n or_o signiory_n of_o the_o trinobantes_n but_o in_o those_o day_n the_o city_n of_o the_o britain_n be_v not_o artificial_o build_v with_o stone_n or_o timber_n but_o be_v only_o thick_a and_o troublesome_a wood_n plash_v together_o and_o entrench_v round_o like_a to_o those_o which_o the_o irish_a at_o this_o day_n call_v fastness_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o whence_o london_n have_v her_o fame_n from_o thence_o she_o have_v also_o a_o name_n that_o be_v from_o ship_n which_o the_o britain_n call_n lough_n and_o dinan_n a_o town_n so_o that_o london_n be_v no_o other_o than_o shipton_n a_o town_n of_o ship_n which_o title_n no_o city_n have_v more_o right_a to_o assume_v than_o this_o be_v situate_v upon_o the_o gentle_a ascent_n of_o a_o hill_n near_o a_o gallant_a navigable_a river_n which_o swell_v at_o certain_a time_n with_o the_o ocean_n tide_n she_o be_v able_a by_o her_o deep_a and_o safe_a channel_n to_o entertain_v the_o great_a ship_n which_o bring_v in_o all_o the_o rich_a commodity_n the_o world_n can_v afford_v some_o will_v have_v llwndian_a the_o welsh_a name_n of_o london_n to_o be_v derive_v from_o llhwn_n which_o signify_v a_o fence_a town_n make_v of_o tree_n cast_v down_o and_o barricado_v together_o as_o aforemention_v for_o so_o the_o poet_n sing_v their_o house_n be_v the_o thick_n and_o bushy_a queachy_a hollow_a cave_n and_o hurdle_n make_v of_o stick_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o in_o the_o place_n where_o st._n paul_n church_n now_o stand_v there_o be_v a_o wood_n or_o grove_n and_o a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o diana_n which_o be_v usual_o set_v up_o in_o the_o wood_n and_o in_o a_o place_n about_o st._n paul_n there_o be_v the_o head_n and_o bone_n of_o ox_n late_o find_v which_o be_v suppose_v be_v offer_v in_o sacrifice_n to_o she_o now_o though_o it_o be_v not_o certain_o know_v who_o be_v the_o founder_n of_o london_n yet_o whoever_o it_o be_v he_o show_v much_o prudence_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o situation_n for_o she_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o a_o happy_a hour_n have_v continue_v for_o so_o many_o age_n amianus_n marcellinus_n who_o write_v near_o thirteen_o hundred_o year_n ago_o call_v she_o then_o a_o ancient_a city_n when_o the_o roman_n have_v reduce_v the_o hither_o part_n of_o britain_n into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o province_n and_o have_v sow_o the_o seed_n of_o civility_n here_o as_o well_o as_o over_o all_o europe_n this_o city_n begin_v to_o be_v renown_v and_o famous_a for_o wealth_n riches_n and_o prosperity_n yea_o she_o continue_v always_o the_o same_o under_o the_o roman_n saxon_n and_o norman_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o afflict_v with_o any_o great_a calamity_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o nero_n when_o the_o britain_n have_v conspire_v to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o boadicia_n the_o londoner_n can_v not_o with_o all_o their_o weep_a and_o lamentation_n keep_v suetonius_n paulinus_n in_o the_o city_n but_o after_o he_o have_v raise_v a_o power_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o will_v needs_o go_v from_o thence_o leave_v the_o city_n naked_a to_o the_o enemy_n who_o present_o surprise_v it_o and_o slay_v those_o who_o either_o weakness_n feebleness_n or_o sweetness_n of_o the_o place_n have_v detain_v there_o nor_o be_v london_n in_o less_o danger_n by_o the_o gaul_n or_o french_a if_o she_o have_v not_o be_v wonderful_o preserve_v for_o when_o caius_n alectus_fw-la have_v treacherous_o destroy_v carausius_n he_o keep_v to_o himself_o the_o revenue_n of_o britain_n and_o holland_n and_o call_v himself_o augustus_n emperor_n as_o his_o coin_n often_o find_v here_o do_v
1_o and_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o k._n john_n and_o his_o baron_n 1215._o the_o londoner_n be_v on_o the_o baron_n part_n who_o then_o besiege_v northampton_n and_o after_o come_v to_o bedford_n castle_n where_o they_o be_v well_o receive_v by_o william_n beauchamp_n captain_n thereof_o and_o have_v then_o secret_a notice_n that_o if_o they_o please_v they_o may_v enter_v the_o city_n they_o remove_v their_o camp_n to_o ware_n and_o from_o thence_o come_v to_o london_n in_o the_o night_n they_o enter_v by_o aldgate_n and_o place_v guard_n at_o the_o gate_n they_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n at_o their_o pleasure_n they_o spoil_v the_o friar_n house_n and_o search_v their_o coffer_n after_o which_o robert_n fitzwater_n jeffery_n magnaville_n the_o earl_n of_o essex_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n chief_n commander_n in_o the_o army_n apply_v themselves_o to_o repair_v the_o gate_n and_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n with_o stone_n take_v from_o the_o jew_n house_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o aldgate_n being_n most_o ruinous_a and_o have_v give_v they_o a_o easy_a entrance_n they_o repair_v or_o rather_o new_a build_v it_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o norman_n with_o strong_a arch_n and_o bulwark_n of_o stone_n small_a brick_n and_o flanders_n tile_n in_o the_o 11_o of_o edw._n 4._o 1471_o thomas_n bastard_n fauconbridge_n have_v assemble_v a_o riotous_a company_n of_o seaman_n and_o other_o in_o essex_n and_z kent_z come_v with_o a_o great_a navy_n of_o ship_n up_o to_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n whereupon_o the_o l._n mayor_n and_o alderman_n with_o consent_n of_o the_o common_a council_n fortify_v the_o thames_n side_n with_o arm_a man_n gun_n and_o other_o warlike_a weapon_n from_o baynard_n castle_n to_o the_o tower_n to_o prevent_v their_o land_n but_o the_o rebel_n be_v deny_v passage_n that_o way_n they_o fall_v upon_o aldgate_n bishopsgate_n cripplegate_n aldersgate_n london_n bridge_n and_o along_o the_o bankside_n shoot_v arrow_n and_o gun_n into_o the_o city_n and_o burn_v above_o threescore_o house_n in_o the_o suburb_n and_o upon_o sunday_n may_v 11_o 1471._o five_o thousand_o of_o they_o assault_v aldgate_n win_v the_o bulwark_n and_o enter_v the_o city_n but_o the_o portcullis_n be_v let_v down_o those_o that_o be_v in_o be_v slay_v and_o robert_n basset_n alderman_n of_o that_o ward_n command_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n to_o draw_v up_o the_o portcullis_n which_o be_v do_v the_o londoner_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o gate_n and_o courageous_o beat_v back_o their_o enemy_n to_o st._n buttolph_n church_n by_o which_o time_n the_o earl_n rivers_n and_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o tower_n come_v with_o fresh_a force_n join_v they_o and_o then_o they_o soon_o rout_v the_o rebel_n and_o make_v they_o fly_v alderman_n basset_n and_o other_o citizen_n chase_v they_o to_o miland_n and_o from_o thence_o pursue_v some_o of_o they_o to_o poplar_n and_o other_o to_o stratford_n kill_v many_o and_o take_v divers_a prisoner_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n fauconbridge_n their_o commander_n have_v in_o vain_a assault_v other_o place_n on_o the_o waterside_n flee_v to_o his_o ship_n thus_o much_o of_o aldgate_n as_o it_o be_v of_o old_a we_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o rebuilding_n when_o we_o come_v to_o aldgate_n ward_n the_o three_o gate_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v bishopsgate_n suppose_v to_o be_v build_v by_o some_o bishop_n of_o london_n though_o now_o unknown_a but_o the_o occasion_n thereof_o be_v for_o the_o ease_n of_o passenger_n especial_o to_o norfolk_n suffolk_z cambridgshire_n etc._n etc._n who_o before_o be_v force_v to_o go_v much_o about_o yet_o it_o be_v somewhat_o ancient_a for_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1210_o some_o land_n be_v sell_v to_o the_o procurator_n or_o warden_n of_o london_n bridge_n situate_v in_o the_o parish_n of_o st._n buttolph_n without_o bishopsgate_n and_o in_o a_o charter_n date_v 1235._o it_o be_v write_v that_o walter_n brume_n and_o rosia_n his_o wife_n have_v found_v the_o priory_n or_o new_a hospital_n of_o our_o bless_a lady_n since_o call_v st._n marry_o spital_n without_o bishopsgate_n have_v confirm_v the_o same_o to_o the_o honour_n of_o god_n and_o our_o bless_a lady_n for_o canon_n regular_a also_o in_o 1247_o simeon_n fitz_n mary_n sheriff_n of_o london_n the_o 29_o hen._n 3._o found_v the_o hospital_n of_o st._n mary_n call_v bethlem_n without_o bishopsgate_n and_o for_o repair_v this_o gate_n hen._n 3._o confirm_v certain_a liberty_n to_o the_o merchant_n of_o the_o haunce_n to_o keep_v it_o in_o repair_n which_o they_o do_v for_o many_o year_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1551_o have_v prepare_v stone_n and_o a_o new_a gate_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o the_o complaint_n of_o the_o english_a merchant_n their_o charter_n be_v take_v from_o they_o so_o that_o the_o old_a gate_n remain_v next_o to_o this_o upon_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o city_n be_v moregate_n of_o which_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o 3d_o of_o hen._n 5._o 1415_o thomas_n falconer_n mayor_n cause_v the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n to_o be_v break_v through_o near_a coleman-street_n and_o there_o build_v a_o postern_n now_o call_v moregate_n of_o a_o moory_n ground_n hard_o by_o which_o be_v now_o drain_v and_o make_v fair_a and_o firm_a and_o turn_v into_o several_a field_n and_o delightful_a walk_n with_o tree_n set_v in_o curious_a order_n for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o the_o citizen_n this_o gate_n since_o the_o dreadful_a fire_n of_o london_n in_o 1666_o have_v be_v new_o build_v and_o be_v make_v very_o noble_a with_o a_o great_a arch_n and_o two_o postern_n so_o that_o it_o now_o equal_v if_o not_o excel_v any_o other_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n between_o this_o gate_n and_o cripplegate_n there_o have_v be_v late_o make_v two_o postern_n through_o the_o wall_n for_o the_o better_a ease_n of_o passenger_n and_o several_a new_a house_n build_v near_o they_o cripplegate_n be_v next_o which_o be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n be_v so_o call_v before_o the_o conquest_n for_o we_o read_v that_o in_o 1010_o the_o dane_n spoil_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-angle_n alwyn_n bishop_n of_o helinham_n cause_v the_o body_n of_o king_n edmund_n the_o martyr_n to_o be_v bring_v from_o bredisworth_n now_o call_v st._n edmund_n bury_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o east-saxons_a and_o so_o to_o london_n in_o at_o cripplegate_n some_o say_v it_o be_v so_o name_v from_o cripple_n beg_v there_o and_o that_o when_o the_o body_n of_o st._n edmund_n pass_v through_o it_o many_o miracle_n be_v wrought_v thereby_o as_o that_o some_o of_o the_o lame_a be_v cure_v praise_v god_n etc._n etc._n this_o body_n continue_v three_o year_n in_o st._n gregory_n church_n near_o st._n paul_n and_o further_o william_n the_o conqueror_n in_o his_o charter_n for_o confirm_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o college_n in_o london_n call_v st._n martin_n le_fw-fr grand_fw-fr say_v thus_o i_o do_v give_v and_o grant_v to_o the_o same_o church_n and_o canon_n serve_v god_n therein_o all_o the_o land_n and_o the_o moor_n without_o the_o postern_n which_o be_v call_v cripplegate_n on_o either_o part_n of_o the_o postern_n we_o read_v likewise_o that_o alfune_n build_v the_o parish_n church_n of_o st._n giles_n nigh_o a_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n call_v porta_n contractorum_fw-la or_o cripples-gate_n about_o the_o year_n 1090._o this_o gate_n be_v former_o a_o prison_n for_o citizen_n for_o debt_n or_o otherwise_o like_o one_o of_o the_o counter_n it_o be_v new_o build_v in_o 1244_o by_o the_o brewer_n of_o london_n and_o edmund_n shaw_n goldsmith_n in_o 1483._o give_v by_o his_o will_n 400_o mark_n and_o the_o stuff_n of_o the_o the_o old_a gate_n call_v cripplegate_n to_o build_v the_o same_o again_o which_o be_v according_o do_v in_o 1491._o aldersgate_n or_o aeldersgate_n be_v next_o not_o so_o call_v from_o aldwich_n or_o of_o elder_n or_o ancient_a man_n build_v the_o same_o nor_o of_o elder_a tree_n grow_v more_o plentiful_o there_o than_o in_o other_o place_n as_o some_o have_v fancy_v but_o only_o from_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o first_o gate_n of_o this_o city_n serve_v for_o the_o northern_a as_o aldgate_n do_v for_o the_o eastern_a part_n and_o be_v both_o old_a gate_n for_o distinction_n one_o be_v call_v aldersgate_n and_o the_o other_o aldgate_n this_o gate_n have_v have_v several_a additional_a building_n to_o it_o as_o on_o the_o southside_n where_o several_a large_a room_n and_o lodging_n of_o timber_n have_v be_v make_v and_o on_o the_o eastside_n a_o great_a timber_n build_v with_o one_o large_a room_n pave_v with_o stone_n or_o tile_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o well_o curb_v with_o stone_n and_o of_o a_o great_a depth_n which_o rise_v into_o that_o room_n though_o two_o story_n high_a from_o the_o ground_n which_o be_v very_o
when_o this_o gate_n be_v quite_o take_v down_o and_o noble_o rebuilt_a with_o the_o image_n of_o k._n lud_n and_o other_o on_o the_o east-side_n and_o q._n elizabeth_n on_o the_o west_n which_o be_v do_v at_o the_o city_n charge_v be_v above_o 1500_o pound_n in_o 1463._o stephen_n foster_n fishmonger_n and_o dame_n agnes_n his_o wife_n add_v several_a large_a room_n to_o ludgate_n and_o give_v other_o relief_n to_o the_o prisoner_n who_o be_v only_o such_o citizen_n as_o be_v debtor_n all_o person_n for_o treason_n felony_n and_o other_o criminal_a offence_n be_v commit_v to_o newgate_n in_o one_o of_o these_o room_n there_o be_v a_o copper_n plate_n hang_v with_o the_o follow_a rhime_n engrave_v thereon_o devout_a soul_n that_o pass_v this_o way_n for_o stephen_n forster_n late_a mayor_n hearty_o pray_v and_o dame_n agnes_n his_o spouse_n to_o god_n consecrate_v that_o of_o pity_n this_o house_n make_v of_o london_n in_o ludgate_n so_o that_o for_o lodging_n and_o water_n prisoners_z here_o nought_o pay_v as_o their_o keeper_n shall_v all_o answer_n at_o dreadful_a doomsday_n this_o gate_n as_o well_o as_o newgate_n in_o the_o late_a dismal_a fire_n in_o 1666_o be_v burn_v down_o but_o since_o they_o be_v both_o repair_v and_o very_o curious_o beautify_v have_v a_o new_a postern_n for_o foot_n passenger_n add_v thereto_o with_o several_a other_o conveniency_n thus_o much_o for_o ludgate_n next_o to_o this_o before_o the_o late_a fire_n there_o be_v only_o a_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n and_o a_o bridge_n of_o timber_n over_o fleet_n ditch_n direct_o against_o bridewell_n hospital_n but_o since_o it_o be_v all_o lay_v open_a and_o a_o handsome_a bridge_n of_o stone_n build_v in_o that_o place_n the_o ditch_n be_v very_o much_o enlarge_v and_o a_o wharf_n make_v of_o stone_n and_o clear_v from_o all_o house_n on_o each_o side_n up_o to_o holborn_n bridge_n the_o bridge_n likewise_o at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o ludgate_n hill_n be_v noble_o rebuilt_a or_o rather_o new_a build_v and_o make_v much_o broad_a and_o another_o gallant_a bridge_n be_v build_v upon_o the_o same_o ditch_n almost_o over_o against_o the_o fleet_n prison_n all_o this_o have_v be_v do_v since_o the_o dismal_a fire_n to_o the_o very_a great_a charge_n of_o the_o city_n and_o so_o much_o for_o the_o gate_n in_o the_o wall_n now_o for_o the_o watergates_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n thames_n which_o former_o have_v be_v many_o though_o most_o or_o all_o of_o they_o have_v be_v ruin_v by_o the_o late_a fire_n however_o take_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o what_o they_o be_v black_a friar_n stair_n be_v a_o free_a land_a place_n now_o gallant_o rebuilt_a with_o a_o useful_a bridge_n by_o sir_n tho._n fitch_n who_o have_v build_v a_o very_a curious_a house_n upon_o the_o wharf_n and_o clear_v it_o so_o that_o now_o the_o lord_n mayor_n when_o he_o come_v from_o westminster_n to_o be_v swear_v land_n there_o instead_o of_o paul_n wharf_n as_o be_v much_o more_o convenient_a then_o there_o be_v puddle_n wharf_n paul_n wharf_n break_a wharf_n beside_o divers_a other_o all_z along_o the_o river_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o citizen_n for_o their_o private_a use_n next_o be_v ripa_n regina_fw-la the_o queen_n bank_n or_o queen_n hyth_n which_o be_v account_v the_o chief_a and_o principal_a watergate_n of_o this_o city_n far_o exceed_v billingsgate_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o queenhithe_a ward_n wat_n tyler_n kill_v by_o the_o lord_z mayor_z k_o richard_n 2._o resign_v his_o crown_n king_n richard_n 2._o murder_v the_o next_o be_v call_v wolf_n gate_n in_o the_o ropary_n afterward_o call_v wolf_n lane_n but_o now_o out_o of_o use_n the_o next_o be_v call_v ebgate_n of_o old_a time_n as_o appear_v by_o ancient_a record_n and_o stand_v near_o st._n laurence_n pountneys_n church_n it_o be_v now_o a_o narrow_a lane_n and_o call_v ebgate_n lane_n but_o usual_o the_o old_a swan_n there_o be_v another_o gate_n at_o the_o bridgfoot_n call_v oyster_n gate_n of_o oyster_n that_o be_v there_o sell_v that_o be_v the_o marketplace_n for_o they_o and_o other_o small_a fish_n but_o now_o there_o stand_v a_o engine_n to_o carry_v up_o the_o water_n into_o the_o city_n in_o the_o place_n thereof_o then_o there_o be_v the_o bridg-gate_n so_o call_v of_o london_n bridge_n whereon_o it_o stand_v this_o long_a before_o the_o conquest_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o first_o or_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o city_n where_o there_o be_v only_o a_o bridge_n of_o timber_n and_o be_v the_o seven_o and_o last_o principal_a gate_n mention_v by_o fitz_n stephen_n when_o the_o bridge_n be_v new_o build_v of_o stone_n this_o gate_n be_v rebuilt_a again_o in_o the_o year_n 1436_o this_o gate_n with_o the_o tower_n upon_o it_o fall_v down_o and_o two_o of_o the_o further_a arch_n of_o the_o bridge_n southward_o fall_v therewith_o yet_o none_o be_v kill_v or_o hurt_v thereby_o to_o the_o repair_n whereof_o several_a citizen_n give_v very_o liberal_o when_o the_o bastard_n fauconbridg_n aforenamed_a come_v with_o the_o kentish_a mariner_n into_o this_o city_n they_o burn_v this_o gate_n and_o thirteen_o house_n beside_o on_o the_o bridge_n and_o likewise_o the_o brewhouse_n at_o st._n katherine_n and_o many_o other_o in_o the_o suburb_n next_o hereunto_o be_v a_o gate_n common_o call_v buttolph_n gate_n of_o the_o parish_n church_n adjoin_v this_o be_v give_v or_o confirm_v by_o william_n the_o conqueror_n to_o the_o monk_n of_o westminster_n then_o there_o be_v billingsgate_n which_o be_v much_o use_v by_o small_a ship_n &_o barge_n so_o that_o queen_n hyth_n be_v almost_o forsake_v it_o be_v somewhat_o uncertain_a why_o this_o gate_n be_v so_o name_v only_a jeffry_n of_o monmouth_n write_v that_o belin_n a_o king_n of_o the_o britain_n about_o 400_o year_n before_o christ_n nativity_n build_v this_o gate_n and_o call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n &_o that_o when_o he_o be_v dead_a his_o body_n be_v burn_v and_o the_o ash_n be_v put_v into_o a_o vessel_n of_o brass_n and_o set_v over_o that_o gate_n upon_o a_o high_a pinnacle_n of_o stone_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v so_o ancient_a but_o rather_o to_o have_v take_v the_o name_n from_o some_o late_a owner_n call_v it_o may_v be_v beling_n or_o bill_v as_o summer_n key_n smart_v key_n fresh_a warf_n and_o other_o have_v do_v then_o there_o be_v a_o watergate_n on_o the_o south-end_n of_o waterlane_n by_o the_o custom-house_n key_n but_o of_o all_o these_o more_o hereafter_o one_o other_o watergate_n there_o be_v more_o by_o the_o bulwark_n of_o the_o tower_n and_o this_o be_v the_o last_o and_o far_a gate_n eastward_o on_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n of_o london_n extend_v within_o the_o wall_n beside_o these_o common_a water_n gate_n there_o be_v former_o divers_a private_a wharf_n and_o key_n all_o along_o from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o west_n of_o this_o city_n on_o the_o thames_n side_n where_o merchant_n of_o all_o nation_n land_v their_o good_n and_o have_v warehouse_n cellar_n and_o stowage_n form_v they_o and_o in_o the_o 42_o of_o hen._n 3._o 1258._o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o port_n of_o england_n shall_v be_v strong_o guard_v and_o the_o gate_n of_o london_n shall_v be_v new_o repair_v and_o diligent_o keep_v in_o the_o night_n for_o fear_n of_o french_a deceit_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o other_o ancient_a tower_n and_o castle_n of_o this_o city_n with_o several_a remarkable_a accident_n happen_v therein_o the_o city_n of_o london_n say_v fitz_n stephen_n have_v in_o the_o east_n a_o very_a great_a and_o most_o strong_a palatine_a tower_n who_o turret_n and_o wall_n do_v rise_v from_o a_o deep_a foundation_n the_o mortar_n thereof_o be_v temper_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o beast_n it_o be_v the_o common_a opinion_n that_o julius_n caesar_n the_o first_o conqueror_n or_o indeed_o discoverer_n of_o britain_n be_v the_o original_a founder_n thereof_o and_o of_o many_o other_o tower_n castle_n and_o great_a house_n but_o there_o be_v little_a reason_n for_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o short_a stay_n here_o have_v other_o thing_n to_o think_v on_o design_v only_o to_o dispatch_v his_o conquest_n over_o this_o barbarous_a country_n and_o then_o to_o perform_v great_a erterprise_n neither_o do_v the_o roman_a historian_n mention_v any_o such_o building_n erect_v by_o he_o here_o the_o more_o probable_a opinion_n therefore_o be_v that_o william_n the_o conqueror_n build_v the_o great_a white_a and_o square_a tower_n there_o about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1078_o as_o appear_v by_o ancient_a record_n and_o that_o make_v gundulph_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n principal_a surveyor_n of_o the_o work_n the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n as_o it_o be_v aforemention_v
remarkable_a john_n day_n a_o famous_a printer_n dwell_v in_o this_o gate_n and_o build_v many_o house_n upon_o the_o city_n wall_n towards_o st._n ann_n church_n you_o may_v read_v more_o of_o the_o new_a building_n this_o gate_n in_o aldersgate_n ward_n in_o the_o six_o year_n of_o edw._n 6._o three_o be_v a_o postern_n gate_n make_v through_o the_o city_n wall_n on_o the_o northside_n of_o the_o late_a dissolve_a cloister_n of_o friar_n minor_n common_o call_v grey_a friar_n now_o christ_n church_n and_o hospital_n this_o be_v do_v to_o make_v a_o passage_n from_o christ_n church_n hospital_n to_o st._n bartholomews_n hospital_n in_o smithfield_n and_o licence_n be_v give_v to_o sir_n richard_n dobbs_n lord_n mayor_n to_o do_v it_o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o act_n of_o common_a council_n aug._n 1._o in_o the_o 6_o of_o edw._n 6._o the_o next_o gate_n be_v on_o the_o northwest_o and_o be_v call_v newgate_n and_o be_v the_o five_o principal_a gate_n though_o build_v late_a than_o the_o rest_n be_v erect_v about_o the_o reign_n of_o hen._n 1._o or_o k._n stephen_n upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o cathedral_n of_o st._n paul_n be_v burn_v down_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o william_n the_o conqueror_n 1086._o mauritius_n then_o bishop_n of_o london_n do_v not_o repair_v the_o old_a church_n as_o some_o have_v think_v but_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o new_a one_o which_o it_o be_v judge_v will_v hardly_o ever_o have_v be_v finish_v it_o be_v so_o wonderful_a for_o length_n breadth_n and_o height_n and_o likewise_o because_o it_o be_v raise_v upon_o vault_n or_o arch_n after_o the_o norman_a fashion_n and_o never_o know_v in_o england_n before_o after_o mauritius_n richard_n beumore_n do_v very_o much_o advance_v the_o build_n of_o this_o church_n purchase_v the_o large_a street_n and_o lane_n round_o about_o which_o ground_n he_o encompass_v with_o a_o strong_a stone_n wall_n and_o gate_n by_o reason_n of_o this_o enclosure_n for_o so_o large_a a_o churchyard_n the_o high-street_n from_o aldgate_n in_o the_o east_n to_o ludgate_n in_o the_o west_n be_v make_v so_o straight_o and_o narrow_a that_o the_o carriage_n through_o the_o city_n be_v by_o paternoster-row_n down_o ave-mary_n lane_n and_o so_o through_o bouger_n row_n now_o call_v ludgatestreet_n to_o ludgate_n or_o else_o by_o cheapside_n through_o watling-streete_n and_o so_o through_o carter-lane_n and_o up_o creed-lane_n to_o ludgate_n which_o passage_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o often_o turn_v be_v very_o inconvenient_a whereupon_o a_o new_a gate_n be_v make_v to_o pass_v through_o cheapside_n north_n of_o st._n paul_n st._n nicholas_n shambles_n and_o newgate-street_n to_o newgate_n and_o from_o thence_o westward_o to_o holbourn_n bridge_n or_o turn_v without_o the_o gate_n to_o smithfield_n and_o islington_n or_o iseldon_n or_o to_o any_o place_n north_n or_o west_n this_o gate_n have_v for_o many_o year_n be_v a_o prison_n for_o felon_n murderer_n highwayman_n and_o other_o trespasser_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o record_n of_o king_n john_n and_o other_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o 3._o of_o hen._n 3._o 1218._o that_o king_n write_v to_o the_o sheriff_n of_o london_n command_v they_o to_o repair_v the_o goal_n of_o newgate_n for_o the_o safe_a keep_n of_o his_o prisoner_n promise_v that_o the_o charge_n thereof_o shall_v be_v allow_v they_o upon_o their_o account_n in_o the_o exchequer_n in_o the_o year_n 1241._o the_o jew_n of_o norwich_n be_v hang_v be_v accuse_v for_o circumcise_n a_o christian_a child_n their_o house_n call_v the_o thor_n be_v pull_v down_o and_o destroy_v aaron_n the_o son_n of_o abraham_n a_o jew_n and_o other_o jew_n in_o london_n be_v constrain_v to_o pay_v twenty_o thousand_o mark_n at_o two_o term_n in_o the_o year_n or_o else_o to_o be_v keep_v perpetual_a prisoner_n in_o newgate_n at_o london_n and_o in_o other_o prison_n in_o 1255_o king_n henry_n 3._o lodge_v in_o the_o tower_n and_o upon_o some_o displeasure_n against_o the_o city_n of_o london_n for_o the_o escape_n of_o john_n offrem_fw-la a_o clerk_n convict_v prisoner_n in_o newgate_n for_o kill_v a_o prior_n who_o be_v cousin_n to_o the_o queen_n he_o send_v for_o the_o lord_n mayor_n who_o lay_v the_o fault_n on_o the_o sheriff_n to_o who_o custody_n the_o prisoner_n be_v commit_v the_o mayor_n be_v discharge_v but_o the_o sheriff_n be_v imprison_v above_o a_o month_n though_o they_o allege_v the_o fault_n be_v in_o the_o bishop_n officer_n who_o though_o he_o be_v imprison_v in_o newgate_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o see_v that_o he_o be_v keep_v safe_a but_o however_o the_o king_n require_v three_o thousand_o mark_n of_o the_o city_n for_o a_o fine_a in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o edw._n 3._o 1326._o robert_n baldock_n the_o king_n chancellor_n be_v put_v into_o newgate_n in_o 1237_o sir_n john_n povitney_n give_v four_o mark_n a_o year_n for_o relief_n of_o the_o prisoner_n in_o newgate_n in_o 1358_o william_n walworth_n give_v likewise_o towards_o their_o relief_n and_o so_o have_v many_o other_o since_o in_o 1414_o the_o jailer_n in_o ludgate_n and_o newgate_n die_v and_o 64_o prisoner_n in_o 1418_o the_o parson_n of_o wertham_n in_o kent_n be_v imprison_v in_o newgate_n in_o the_o first_o of_o henry_n 6_o 1412._o the_o executor_n of_o richard_n whittington_n repair_v newgate_n and_o thomas_n knowles_n grocer_n sometime_o l._n mayor_n bring_v the_o waste_a water_n from_o the_o cestern_a near_o st._n nicholas_n chappel_n by_o st._n bartholomews_n hospital_n to_o newgate_n and_o ludgate_n for_o the_o accommodation_n of_o the_o prisoner_n in_o 1431_o all_o the_o prisoner_n in_o ludgate_n be_v convey_v to_o newgate_n by_o the_o sheriff_n of_o london_n and_o soon_o after_o they_o fetch_v from_o thence_o 18_o person_n freeman_n of_o the_o city_n who_o be_v lead_v pinion_v to_o the_o counter_n like_o felon_n by_o the_o false_a suggestion_n of_o the_o jailor_n of_o newgate_n but_o ludgate_n be_v a_o while_n after_o again_o appoint_v for_o freemen_n who_o be_v debtor_n and_o they_o be_v all_o carry_v back_o again_o thither_o in_o 1427._o there_o be_v a_o great_a skirmish_n in_o the_o north_n country_n between_o sir_n thomas_n percy_n lord_n egremond_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o salisburies_n son_n whereby_o many_o be_v wound_v and_o slay_v but_o the_o lord_n egremond_n be_v take_v be_v find_v to_o give_v the_o occasion_n and_o be_v thereupon_o condemn_v by_o the_o king_n council_n to_o pay_v a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o salisbury_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v commit_v to_o newgate_n and_o a_o while_n after_o both_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n sir_n richard_n percy_n break_v out_o by_o night_n and_o go_v to_o the_o king_n the_o other_o prisoner_n get_v upon_o the_o lead_v over_o the_o gate_n and_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o sheriff_n and_o all_o their_o officer_n a_o great_a while_n till_o they_o be_v force_v to_o call_v more_o citizen_n to_o their_o aid_n who_o at_o last_o subdue_v they_o and_o lay_v they_o in_o iron_n thus_o much_o of_o newgate_n ludgate_n be_v the_o next_o in_o the_o west_n and_o the_o six_o principal_a gate_n of_o this_o city_n and_o historian_n say_v be_v build_v by_o king_n lud_n near_o 66_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n which_o show_v its_o great_a antiquity_n this_o be_v build_v for_o the_o west_n as_o aldgate_n for_o the_o east_n in_o the_o year_n 1215._o aforemention_v be_v the_o 17_o of_o king_n john_n when_o the_o baron_n who_o be_v in_o arm_n against_o the_o king_n enter_v this_o city_n and_o pull_v down_o the_o jew_n house_n repair_v the_o wall_n and_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n with_o the_o stone_n thereof_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o then_o repair_v or_o rather_o new_a build_v this_o gate_n for_o in_o 1586_o when_o this_o gate_n be_v pull_v down_o in_o order_n to_o its_o be_v repair_v there_o be_v a_o stone_n find_v within_o the_o wall_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v from_o one_o of_o the_o jew_n house_n there_o be_v several_a hebrew_a character_n engrave_v thereon_o which_o be_v interpret_v be_v thus_o in_o english_a this_o be_v the_o station_n or_o ward_n of_o rabbi_n moses_n the_o son_n of_o the_o honourable_a rabbi_n isaac_n this_o it_o be_v think_v have_v be_v fix_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o jew_n house_n as_o a_o sign_n he_o live_v there_o in_o 1260_o ludgate_n be_v repair_v and_o beautify_v with_o the_o image_n of_o lud_n and_o other_o king_n but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edw._n 6._o these_o image_n of_o the_o king_n have_v their_o head_n smite_v off_o and_o be_v deface_v by_o such_o as_o judge_v every_o image_n to_o be_v a_o idol_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o q._n marry_o they_o be_v repair_v and_o new_a head_n set_v upon_o their_o old_a body_n which_o remain_v so_o till_o the_o 28_o of_o q._n elizabeth_n 1586._o
people_n that_o they_o combine_v together_o and_o resist_v the_o collector_n kill_v some_o wound_v other_o and_o make_v the_o rest_n fly_v the_o tumult_n begin_v first_o in_o kent_n upon_o this_o occasion_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v in_o the_o chronicle_n of_o st._n alban_n one_o of_o these_o exactor_n come_v to_o the_o house_n of_o john_n other_o say_z wat_n tyler_n live_v at_o dartford_n in_o kent_n demand_v of_o tiler_n wife_n a_o groat_n a_o piece_n for_o her_o husband_n herself_o and_o servant_n and_o likewise_o for_o a_o young_a maiden_n her_o daughter_n the_o woman_n pay_v for_o all_o but_o her_o daughter_n allege_v she_o be_v a_o child_n and_o underage_n to_o pay_v that_o will_v i_o soon_o know_v quoth_v the_o collector_n and_o shameful_o turn_v the_o young_a maid_n coat_n up_o to_o see_v whether_o she_o be_v come_v to_o ripeness_n of_o age_n these_o villain_n have_v in_o divers_a other_o place_n make_v the_o like_a base_a and_o uncivil_a trial_n hereupon_o the_o mother_n cry_v out_o divers_a of_o the_o neighbour_n come_v in_o and_o her_o husband_n be_v at_o work_n in_o the_o town_n tyl_v a_o house_n hear_v of_o it_o take_v his_o lathing-staff_n in_o his_o hand_n run_v home_o and_o find_v the_o collector_n ask_v he_o who_o make_v he_o so_o bold_a the_o collector_n return_v ill_a language_n and_o strike_v at_o tyler_n who_o avoid_v the_o blow_n give_v the_o collector_n such_o a_o home-blow_n with_o his_o lathing-staff_n that_o his_o brain_n fly_v out_o of_o his_o head_n which_o make_v a_o great_a uproar_n in_o the_o street_n and_o the_o people_n be_v glad_a at_o what_o have_v happen_v they_o prepare_v to_o defend_v and_o stand_v by_o tyler_n and_o thereupon_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o be_v get_v together_o they_o go_v from_o thence_o to_o maidstone_n and_o then_o to_o black-heath_n persuade_v and_o exhort_v all_o the_o people_n as_o they_o march_v along_o to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o this_o common_a cause_n and_o set_v guard_n upon_o all_o the_o way_n to_o canterbury_n they_o stop_v all_o passenger_n compel_v they_o to_o swear_v that_o they_o will_v keep_v allegiance_n to_o king_n richard_n and_o to_o the_o commons_o that_o they_o will_v accept_v of_o no_o king_n who_o name_n be_v john_n because_o of_o the_o hatred_n they_o have_v to_o john_n duke_n of_o lancaster_n who_o call_v himself_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v ready_a when_o they_o be_v call_v and_o shall_v agree_v to_o no_o tax_n to_o be_v levy_v from_o thenceforth_o in_o the_o kingdom_n nor_o consent_n to_o any_o except_o it_o be_v a_o fifteen_o there_o join_v with_o they_o one_o john_n ball_v a_o factious_a clergyman_n who_o take_v occasion_n to_o rip_v up_o the_o ground_n of_o the_o misgovernment_n tell_v the_o people_n that_o this_o difference_n of_o man_n estate_n where_o some_o be_v potentate_n and_o other_o bondman_n be_v against_o christian_a liberty_n take_v for_o his_o text_n this_o old_a rhyme_n when_o adam_n delve_v and_o eve_n span_n who_o be_v then_o a_o gentleman_n this_o so_o incense_v the_o commons_o that_o their_o number_n daily_o increase_v so_o that_o when_o they_o be_v come_v as_o far_o as_o blackheath_n they_o be_v esteem_v to_o be_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o so_o that_o fear_v no_o resistance_n they_o begin_v to_o commit_v all_o manner_n of_o violence_n spare_v none_o who_o they_o think_v to_o be_v learn_v especial_o if_o they_o find_v a_o pen_n or_o inkhorn_n about_o he_o for_o than_o they_o pull_v off_o his_o hood_n and_o with_o one_o voice_n cry_v out_o hale_v he_o out_o and_o cut_v off_o his_o head_n the_o king_n send_v some_o knight_n to_o they_o to_o know_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o assemble_v to_o who_o they_o answer_v that_o for_o certain_a cause_n they_o be_v come_v together_o and_o desire_v to_o talk_v with_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o will_v the_o knight_n to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o must_v needs_o come_v to_o they_o that_o he_o may_v understand_v the_o desire_n of_o their_o heart_n the_o king_n be_v advise_v by_o some_o to_o go_v present_o to_o they_o but_o simon_n sudbury_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n lord_z chancellor_z and_o robert_n hale_v of_o st._n john_n treasurer_n affirm_v that_o it_o be_v not_o fit_a for_o the_o king_n to_o go_v to_o such_o a_o rude_a company_n but_o rather_o to_o take_v order_n to_o suppress_v they_o this_o the_o commons_o hear_v be_v so_o enrage_v that_o they_o swear_v they_o will_v go_v seek_v the_o king_n traitor_n and_o cut_v off_o their_o bead_n and_o thereupon_o they_o march_v into_o southwark_n and_o ruin_v the_o archbishop_n palace_n at_o lambeth_n out_o of_o spite_n to_o he_o the_o lord_n mayor_n and_o alderman_n fear_v they_o will_v do_v the_o like_a to_o the_o city_n order_v the_o gate_n to_o be_v shut_v but_o the_o commoner_n of_o the_o city_n especial_o the_o poor_a sort_n favour_v the_o commoner_n of_o the_o country_n threaten_a death_n to_o all_o that_o shall_v attempt_v it_o so_o that_o the_o rebel_n have_v free_a egress_n and_o regress_n in_o and_o out_o of_o london_n and_o daily_o encourage_v the_o citizen_n to_o favour_v their_o cause_n declare_v their_o purpose_n be_v only_o to_o bring_v the_o traitor_n of_o the_o land_n to_o justice_n and_o then_o they_o will_v lay_v down_o their_o arm_n and_o hereby_o they_o win_v they_o to_o stand_v by_o they_o the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v when_o they_o come_v to_o london_n be_v to_o send_v for_o one_o richard_n lion_n a_o grave_a citizen_n who_o have_v be_v tiler_n master_n and_o have_v strike_v off_o his_o head_n they_o carry_v it_o upon_o a_o pole_n in_o triumph_n before_o they_o the_o next_o day_n they_o come_v to_o the_o savoy_n the_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n house_n which_o they_o set_v on_o fire_n burn_v all_o his_o rich_a furniture_n break_v in_o piece_n all_o his_o plate_n and_o jewel_n and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o thames_n say_v they_o be_v man_n of_o justice_n and_o will_v not_o like_o robber_n enrich_v themselves_o with_o any_o man_n good_n for_o they_o only_o be_v for_o destroy_v traitor_n and_o when_o one_o of_o their_o fellow_n be_v espy_v to_o thrust_v a_o fair_a piece_n of_o silver_n into_o his_o bosom_n they_o take_v he_o and_o cast_v both_o he_o and_o it_o into_o the_o fire_n neither_o take_v they_o any_o thing_n from_o any_o man_n but_o at_o the_o just_a price_n two_o and_o thirty_o of_o they_o be_v get_v into_o the_o duke_n wine-cellar_n where_o they_o stay_v drink_v so_o long_o till_o the_o rafter_n of_o the_o house_n which_o be_v on_o fire_n fall_v upon_o they_o and_o so_o cover_v they_o that_o not_o able_a to_o get_v out_o they_o be_v hear_v cry_v seven_o day_n after_o and_o then_o perish_v from_o the_o savoy_n they_o go_v to_o the_o temple_n where_o they_o burn_v the_o lawyer_n chamber_n with_o their_o book_n and_o write_n and_o all_o they_o can_v lay_v hand_n on_o also_o the_o noble_a house_n of_o st._n john_n by_o smithfield_n they_o set_v on_o fire_n which_o burn_v for_o seven_o day_n together_o not_o suffer_v any_o to_o quench_v it_o and_o likewise_o the_o manor_n of_o highbury_n and_o other_o place_n belong_v to_o st._n john_n after_o this_o they_o come_v to_o the_o tower_n where_o king_n richard_n lodge_v and_o send_v to_o command_v he_o to_o come_v to_o they_o without_o delay_n unarm_v and_o without_o any_o guard_n which_o if_o he_o refuse_v they_o will_v pull_v down_o the_o tower_n and_o be_v shall_v not_o escape_v alive_a the_o king_n find_v no_o other_o remedy_n though_o he_o have_v 600_o arm_a man_n and_o as_o many_o archer_n about_o he_o yet_o dare_v not_o but_o suffer_v they_o to_o enter_v so_o that_o in_o great_a fear_n the_o king_n go_v towards_o they_o on_o horseback_n his_o own_o guard_n stand_v as_o man_n amaze_v be_v come_v into_o the_o tower_n these_o rustic_n presume_v to_o enter_v into_o the_o king_n and_o his_o mother_n chamber_n with_o their_o weapon_n and_o lay_v themselves_o on_o the_o king_n bed_n sport_v and_o play_v thereon_o yea_o they_o abuse_v the_o king_n mother_n offer_v to_o kiss_v she_o in_o such_o a_o rude_a manner_n that_o she_o fall_v into_o a_o swoon_n they_o then_o proceed_v with_o rage_n and_o fury_n to_o search_v for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o find_v one_o of_o his_o servant_n charge_v he_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o traitor_n his_o master_n the_o servant_n be_v afraid_a bring_v they_o to_o the_o chapel_n where_o his_o master_n be_v at_o prayer_n who_o be_v aware_a of_o their_o come_n have_v continue_v there_o all_o night_n and_o when_o he_o hear_v they_o be_v come_v he_o say_v with_o great_a constancy_n to_o his_o servant_n let_v we_o now_o go_v sure_o it_o be_v best_o to_o die_v when_o it_o be_v no_o pleasure_n to_o live_v upon_o