〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o savageness_n proper_a to_o wild_a beast_n only_o and_o so_o do_v seneca_n 7._o lib._n 2._o the_o clem_v cap._n 7._o non_fw-la crudelitatem_fw-la sed_fw-la feritatem_fw-la dicimus_fw-la we_o can_v so_o proper_o call_v it_o cruelty_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o savage_a fierceness_n to_o delight_v in_o blood_n we_o may_v also_o call_v it_o madness_n whereof_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n so_o be_v there_o divers_a symptom_n but_o none_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o delight_v in_o humane_a slaughter_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o aristotle_n he_o be_v cruel_a with_o a_o witness_n who_o be_v so_o far_o transport_v with_o a_o thirst_n after_o humane_a blood_n that_o he_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o friend_n and_o foe_n and_o that_o also_o of_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o unnecessary_a war_n and_o to_o rush_v into_o battle_n without_o any_o provocation_n be_v a_o mere_a madness_n so_o likewise_o say_v seneca_n 37._o orat._n 37._o there_o be_v few_o or_o none_o so_o savage_a as_o to_o shed_v humane_a blood_n prodigal_o and_o that_o for_o blood_n sake_n only_o iii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v no_o justify_v cause_n be_v but_o predatory_a most_o man_n that_o make_v war_n have_v some_o cause_n that_o move_v they_o thereto_o some_o whereof_z have_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o justify_v they_o other_o none_o at_o all_o of_o this_o latter_a sort_n be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o heruli_n against_o the_o lombard_n a_o war_n without_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o such_o be_v the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o gaul_n as_o livy_n testify_v who_o think_v the_o best_a right_a to_o consist_v in_o their_o arm_n and_o that_o the_o long_a sword_n may_v take_v all_o but_o in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n qui_fw-la rogatus_fw-la de_fw-fr possidendi_fw-la causa_fw-la nullam_fw-la aliam_fw-la adfert_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la possideat_fw-la praedae_fw-la est_fw-la he_o who_o be_v demand_v by_o what_o right_a he_o hold_v any_o thing_n can_v show_v none_o but_o that_o have_v get_v it_o he_o will_v keep_v it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o thief_n a_o pirate_n or_o a_o usurper_n of_o another_o man_n right_a so_o aristotle_n of_o such_o as_o excite_v other_o to_o war_n say_v that_o they_o regard_v not_o at_o all_o whether_o to_o subdue_v their_o innocent_a neighbour_n be_v just_a or_o not_o such_o a_o one_o be_v brennus_n who_o hold_v that_o he_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o all_o who_o be_v strong_a of_o all_o such_o a_o one_o silius_n thought_n annibal_n to_o be_v pro_fw-la foedere_fw-la próque_fw-la justitia_fw-la est_fw-la ensis_fw-la who_o sword_n do_v awe_v both_o league_n and_o law_n and_o such_o be_v attila_n and_o all_o those_o who_o look_v not_o at_o the_o cause_n but_o at_o the_o success_n of_o war_n according_a to_o that_o vulgar_a say_n of_o most_o soldier_n quaeritur_fw-la belli_fw-la exitus_fw-la non_fw-la causa_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o end_n that_o crown_v the_o war._n for_o when_o once_o the_o dispute_n come_v to_o blow_n the_o vanquish_a party_n can_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o argument_n convince_v the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n nor_o shall_v reason_n be_v hear_v when_o the_o sword_n have_v decide_v the_o quarrel_n haec_fw-la acies_fw-la victum_fw-la factura_fw-la nocentem_fw-la est_fw-la this_o battle_n will_v the_o vanquish_v guilty_a make_v for_o let_v the_o cause_n be_v what_o it_o will_v the_o conquer_a party_n must_v be_v guilty_a still_o whereunto_o that_o of_o st_n augustine_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v 6._o de_fw-fr civit._n l._n 4._o c._n 6._o to_o invade_v the_o dominion_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o be_v encourage_v by_o success_n to_o proceed_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o waste_v their_o country_n and_o out_o of_o mere_a ambition_n to_o destroy_v those_o who_o never_o injure_v we_o quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la nisi_fw-la grande_fw-fr latrocinium_fw-la nominandum_fw-la est_fw-la what_o can_v we_o call_v this_o but_o a_o grand_a robbery_n of_o such_o war_n as_o these_o thus_o speak_v vellejus_n that_o they_o be_v make_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o for_o pay_v and_o plunder_v so_o think_v cicero_n also_o that_o pride_n and_o haughtiness_n of_o spirit_n â—_o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n â—_o whereby_o we_o confront_v danger_n and_o endure_v all_o manner_n of_o hardship_n be_v no_o part_n of_o true_a valour_n if_o justice_n be_v want_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v agathias_n 2._o lib._n 2._o they_o who_o be_v transport_v either_o with_o a_o insatiable_a desire_n of_o rule_n or_o of_o riches_n or_o by_o a_o violent_a hatred_n shall_v without_o any_o other_o cause_n invade_v another_o man_n dominion_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o offend_v those_o that_o be_v inoffensive_a these_o man_n say_v he_o be_v both_o proud_a and_o dishonest_a of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v andronicus_n rhodius_n they_o who_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o do_v rob_v other_o be_v account_v wicked_a impious_a and_o unjust_a and_o such_o be_v tyrant_n and_o they_o who_o for_o plunder_v make_v city_n desolate_a 1._o ferinum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la caedes_fw-la &_o vastationes_fw-la nulla_fw-la accepta_fw-la injuria_fw-la venire_fw-la see_v bo._n 2._o chap._n 1._o §._o 1._o concern_v who_o philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n write_v thus_o they_o that_o have_v get_v the_o power_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n that_o spoil_v whole_a city_n be_v secure_v from_o punishment_n by_o be_v above_o the_o law_n these_o be_v man_n of_o a_o barbarous_a nature_n ambitious_a of_o rule_n and_o dominion_n commit_v great_a robbery_n yet_o cloak_v their_o villainy_n under_o the_o specious_a name_n of_o magistracy_n and_o empire_n which_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v notorious_a villainy_n for_o to_o waste_v and_o depopulate_v country_n be_v by_o no_o injury_n provoke_v be_v brutish_a cruelty_n iv_o some_o cause_n be_v specious_a but_o not_o just_a other_o there_o be_v that_o pretend_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o just_a and_o warrantable_a ground_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v thorough_o search_v into_o will_v be_v find_v unjust_a and_o as_o livy_n speak_v a_o contest_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o law_n or_o justice_n but_o by_o plain_a force_n some_o prince_n say_v plutarch_n make_v the_o same_o use_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o private_a man_n do_v of_o money_n not_o always_o for_o just_a end_n but_o for_o end_n suitable_a to_o their_o own_o fancy_n now_o though_o what_o cause_n be_v unjust_a may_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v just_a rectum_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la obliqui_fw-la judex_fw-la for_o by_o a_o line_n that_o be_v straight_o we_o may_v easy_o discern_v that_o which_o be_v crooked_a yet_o for_o plainness_n and_o perspicuity_n we_o shall_v insist_v upon_o the_o principal_a head_n of_o they_o v._o as_o a_o uncertain_a fear_n and_o first_o our_o fear_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o just_a war_n for_o that_o our_o defence_n by_o arm_n be_v just_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v necessary_a which_o it_o can_v be_v unless_o we_o be_v most_o assure_v not_o only_o that_o he_o against_o who_o we_o make_v war_n have_v a_o power_n to_o do_v we_o wrong_n but_o that_o he_o have_v also_o a_o full_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n so_o to_o do_v which_o certain_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o as_o take_v place_n in_o moral_a matter_n that_o therefore_o our_o neighbour_n be_v not_o restrain_v by_o any_o former_a agreement_n build_v a_o fort_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o own_o dominion_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v be_v hereafter_o annoy_v be_v no_o just_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o because_o for_o prevention_n we_o also_o may_v do_v the_o like_a in_o any_o part_n of_o our_o own_o territory_n 1._o zonaras_n pausanias_n lib._n 1._o or_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o other_o the_o like_a remedy_n and_o not_o by_o war._n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o that_o make_v by_o lysimachus_n against_o demetrius_n be_v unjust_a unless_o warrant_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n cauchi_n the_o cauchi_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v with_o that_o of_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o cauchi_n the_o noble_a people_n of_o all_o germany_n who_o say_v he_o support_v their_o grandeur_n by_o justice_n without_o any_o extraordinary_a affectation_n either_o of_o glory_n or_o riches_n and_o yet_o without_o any_o disability_n or_o want_n of_o power_n to_o either_o they_o live_v quiet_o and_o without_o noise_n provoke_v no_o war_n nor_o be_v they_o waste_v by_o spoil_n or_o pillage_n spain_n though_o our_o own_o uncertain_a fear_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n yet_o may_v we_o use_v all_o lawful_a mean_n cautious_o to_o prevent_v danger_n before_o they_o fall_v this_o be_v
the_o author_n of_o nature_n be_v willing_a that_o every_o man_n in_o himself_o single_o consider_v shall_v be_v infirm_a and_o defective_a of_o many_o thing_n conduce_v to_o a_o good_a life_n the_o more_o strict_o to_o engage_v we_o to_o affect_v society_n but_o it_o be_v common_a profit_n i_o grant_v that_o occasion_v the_o civil_a law_n for_o that_o very_a consociation_n or_o subjection_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v be_v first_o institute_v for_o some_o utility_n yea_o and_o they_o that_o prescribe_v law_n unto_o other_o either_o do_v or_o shall_v propose_v something_o of_o profit_n even_o therein_o but_o as_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o every_o city_n do_v main_o regard_v the_o benefit_n of_o that_o city_n even_o so_o among_o all_o or_o at_o least_o the_o most_o city_n there_o may_v nay_o certain_o be_v some_o law_n by_o common_a consent_n agree_v on_o which_o respect_v the_o benefit_n not_o of_o those_o particular_a city_n nation_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o in_o general_n and_o this_o that_o we_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o often_o as_o we_o distinguish_v that_o law_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o in_o that_o partition_n carneades_n make_v of_o all_o law_n into_o natural_a and_o civil_a only_o be_v omit_v whereas_o notwithstanding_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v between_o nation_n for_o he_o subject_v his_o discourse_n to_o war_n and_o thing_n get_v by_o war_n he_o ought_v most_o especial_o to_o have_v mention_v this_o law_n but_o whereas_o he_o traduce_v justice_n wisdom_n to_o neglect_v our_o own_o profit_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n of_o nation_n be_v wisdom_n by_o call_v it_o folly_n he_o do_v ill_a for_o as_o by_o his_o own_o confession_n that_o citizen_n be_v no_o fool_n who_o observe_v the_o civil_a law_n of_o the_o city_n he_o live_v in_o although_o he_o for_o the_o reverence_n he_o bear_v unto_o those_o law_n omit_v some_o thing_n that_o will_v be_v profitable_a to_o himself_o so_o neither_o be_v that_o a_o foolish_a people_n who_o have_v not_o so_o great_a a_o esteem_n for_o their_o own_o private_a gain_n as_o for_o it_o to_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n common_a to_o all_o or_o to_o most_o nation_n there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o both_o for_o as_o he_o that_o for_o his_o present_a profit_n shall_v violate_v the_o law_n of_o the_o country_n he_o live_v in_o do_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lie_v but_o destroy_v that_o which_o shall_v perpetual_o defend_v both_o he_o and_o he_o in_o whatsoever_o he_o have_v or_o shall_v acquire_v so_o also_o a_o people_n in_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n do_v but_o pull_v down_o those_o bulwark_n that_o shall_v thenceforth_o secure_v their_o own_o peace_n and_o safety_n 9_o and_o why_o lib._n 9_o for_o as_o m._n antoninus_n well_o observe_v whatsoever_o action_n it_o be_v that_o aim_v not_o either_o direct_o or_o mediate_o at_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o it_o by_o dissolve_v the_o connexion_n of_o all_o its_o part_n and_o be_v no_o less_o seditious_a than_o he_o that_o head_n a_o party_n separate_v from_o the_o body_n of_o the_o people_n for_o one_o man_n separate_v from_o another_o can_v but_o be_v separate_v from_o mankind_n in_o general_n for_o quod_fw-la examini_fw-la expedit_fw-la idem_fw-la &_o api_fw-la as_o what_o be_v good_a for_o the_o hive_n be_v good_a for_o the_o bee_n so_o what_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o likewise_o to_o every_o citizen_n so_o then_o although_o by_o our_o conformity_n to_o the_o law_n we_o can_v expect_v no_o profit_n at_o all_o to_o ourselves_o yet_o will_v it_o be_v a_o point_n of_o wisdom_n rather_o than_o folly_n to_o suffer_v ourselves_o to_o be_v carry_v thither_o whither_o we_o may_v perceive_v ourselves_o to_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o manuduction_n of_o nature_n wherefore_o neither_o be_v that_o altogether_o true_a for_o fear_v of_o wrong_n good_a law_n invent_v be_v as_o if_o man_n be_v enforce_v to_o be_v just_a for_o fear_v of_o punishment_n only_o for_o this_o belong_v to_o such_o law_n and_o constitution_n as_o be_v find_v out_o to_o be_v most_o expedient_a for_o the_o better_a execution_n of_o this_o law_n defence_n coercive_a law_n invent_v for_o mutual_a defence_n as_o when_o a_o multitude_n of_o man_n find_v themselves_o single_o and_o apart_o unable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o shall_v unite_v and_o conspire_v with_o their_o common_a and_o joint_a force_n to_o institute_v and_o to_o defend_v such_o law_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n as_o shall_v punish_v those_o who_o shall_v attempt_v to_o oppress_v they_o so_o that_o what_o they_o can_v do_v single_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o do_v with_o a_o unite_a force_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o may_v very_o well_o be_v understand_v which_o be_v usual_o say_v that_o be_v just_a which_o please_v the_o most_o powerful_a party_n fruitless_a jus_fw-la est_fw-la illud_fw-la quod_fw-la validiori_fw-la placuit_fw-la law_n without_o power_n to_o defend_v they_o be_v fruitless_a whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o the_o law_n itself_o without_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v it_o lose_v its_o external_a force_n and_o so_o become_v fruitless_a which_o make_v solon_n to_o boast_v what_o gallant_a thing_n he_o have_v do_v by_o couple_v may_v in_o equal_a yoke_n with_o right_n but_o yet_o neither_o be_v the_o law_n though_o it_o want_v a_o force_n sufficient_a to_o abett_v it_o external_o external_o altogether_o fruitless_a because_o it_o beget_v peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o conscience_n internal_o not_o internal_o whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a injustice_n do_v wound_n and_o torment_v it_o as_o plato_n instance_v in_o those_o of_o tyrant_n beside_o justice_n be_v approve_v of_o and_o injustice_n condemn_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o good_a man_n yea_o and_o what_o be_v the_o great_a comfort_n of_o all_o this_o have_v god_n for_o its_o avenger_n that_o god_n for_o its_o patron_n who_o so_o reserve_v his_o judgement_n after_o this_o life_n that_o he_o ofttimes_o give_v a_o taste_n of_o they_o even_o in_o this_o as_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o many_o example_n in_o history_n beneficial_a the_o law_n of_o nation_n how_o beneficial_a but_o whereas_o there_o be_v many_o that_o think_v it_o superfluous_a to_o require_v that_o justice_n from_o a_o free_a people_n or_o their_o governor_n which_o they_o exact_v daily_o from_o private_a man_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o error_n be_v this_o because_o these_o man_n respect_v nothing_o in_o the_o law_n but_o the_o profit_n that_o arise_v from_o it_o which_o in_o private_a person_n be_v single_a and_o unable_a to_o defend_v themselves_o be_v plain_a and_o evident_a but_o for_o great_a city_n that_o seem_v to_o have_v within_o themselves_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o their_o own_o well-being_n it_o do_v not_o so_o plain_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v any_o need_n of_o that_o virtue_n call_v justice_n which_o respect_v stranger_n but_o not_o to_o insist_v upon_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v namely_o that_o all_o law_n be_v not_o ordain_v for_o profit_n only_o there_o be_v no_o city_n so_o strong_a and_o of_o itself_o sufficient_a but_o may_v sometime_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o foreign_a aid_n either_o by_o way_n of_o commerce_n or_o to_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o unite_a force_n of_o many_o foreign_a nation_n confederate_a against_o it_o therefore_o we_o see_v that_o the_o most_o potent_a prince_n and_o state_n have_v always_o be_v desirous_a of_o league_n which_o will_v be_v of_o little_a use_n or_o force_n be_v all_o law_n and_o justice_n confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o any_o one_o city_n only_o most_o true_a it_o be_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o recede_v from_o the_o law_n law_n no_o community_n can_v subsist_v without_o law_n there_o be_v nothing_o that_o we_o can_v certain_o call_v we_o if_o no_o community_n can_v possible_o subsist_v without_o law_n which_o aristotle_n prove_v by_o that_o notable_a example_n of_o thief_n sure_o that_o which_o knit_v together_o either_o all_o mankind_n or_o divers_a nation_n among_o themselves_o have_v need_n of_o some_o law_n to_o preserve_v it_o which_o he_o well_o know_v who_o hold_v that_o a_o man_n ought_v not_o to_o do_v a_o wicked_a act_n no_o not_o for_o his_o country_n 4._o ad_fw-la eph._n 4._o but_o some_o may_v say_v say_v chrysostom_n how_o come_v it_o to_o pass_v then_o that_o thief_n live_v in_o peace_n but_o when_o i_o pray_v tell_v i_o say_v he_o thief_n no_o not_o of_o thief_n sure_o when_o they_o cease_v to_o act_v as_o thief_n for_o when_o they_o observe_v not_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n in_o divide_v the_o spoil_n in_o not_o give_v to_o every_o one_o his_o equal_a share_n thou_o shall_v quick_o see_v they_o engage_v in_o war_n and_o combat_n among_o themselves_o
do_v be_v oblige_v as_o a_o law_n unto_o we_o for_o that_o christ_n die_v for_o the_o wicked_a and_o for_o his_o enemy_n be_v not_o by_o the_o command_n of_o any_o law_n but_o by_o a_o special_a agreement_n and_o covenant_n with_o the_o father_n who_o have_v promise_v that_o for_o his_o so_o do_v he_o will_v not_o only_o exalt_v he_o in_o glory_n far_o above_o all_o principality_n and_o power_n in_o heaven_n or_o earth_n but_o that_o he_o will_v build_v he_o also_o a_o church_n a_o holy_a seed_n that_o shall_v endure_v for_o ever_o esay_n 53.10_o but_o this_o fact_n of_o christ_n be_v otherwise_o singular_a and_o not_o to_o be_v parallel_v as_o st._n paul_n testify_v rom._n 5.7_o and_o christ_n indeed_o bid_v we_o to_o expose_v our_o life_n to_o peril_n yet_o not_o for_o every_o man_n but_o only_o for_o the_o brethren_n that_o be_v for_o those_o that_o profess_v the_o same_o faith_n with_o ourselves_o 1_o jo._n 3.16_o answer_v the_o objection_n out_o of_o the_o father_n answer_v and_o as_o to_o those_o sentence_n that_o be_v quote_v out_o of_o the_o father_n they_o be_v partly_o good_a fatherly_a counsel_n and_o exhortation_n to_o a_o holy_a life_n tend_v to_o perfection_n rather_o than_o any_o strict_a precept_n to_o oblige_v we_o and_o partly_o their_o own_o private_a opinion_n rather_o than_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n 45._o can._n 45._o for_o in_o those_o ancient_a canon_n call_v the_o apostle_n he_o be_v to_o have_v be_v excommunicate_v that_o in_o a_o fray_n have_v slay_v his_o adversary_n at_o the_o first_o blow_n for_o his_o too_o much_o heat_n or_o rashness_n and_o st._n augustin_n himself_o who_o we_o before_o quote_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o contrary_a opinion_n seem_v notwithstanding_o to_o approve_v of_o this_o in_o his_o 84th_o question_n upon_o exodus_fw-la revenge_n christian_n may_v bear_v arm_n for_o defence_n not_o for_o revenge_n so_o also_o do_v st._n ambrose_n o_o lord_n say_v he_o why_o do_v thou_o command_v i_o to_o buy_v a_o sword_n if_o thou_o forbidde_v i_o to_o strike_v why_o do_v thou_o bid_v i_o to_o have_v one_o if_o have_v it_o i_o may_v not_o use_v it_o unless_o perhaps_o thou_o will_v have_v we_o to_o be_v arm_v for_o defence_n but_o not_o for_o revenge_n iu._n solemn_a war_n what_o it_o be_v of_o public_a war_n some_o be_v solemn_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o some_o be_v less_o solemn_a that_o which_o i_o here_o call_v solemn_a be_v usual_o and_o for_o the_o most_o part_n call_v just_a in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o a_o testament_n be_v be_v oppose_v to_o a_o codicil_n or_o as_o a_o solemn_a marriage_n between_o such_o as_o be_v free_a compare_v to_o a_o clandestine_v between_o such_o as_o be_v bond_n not_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o bequeath_v good_n by_o a_o codicil_n or_o for_o a_o servant_n to_o have_v his_o marry_a woman_n with_o he_o in_o the_o same_o house_n for_o even_o among_o freeman_n there_o be_v some_o marriage_n not_o just_a adult_fw-la paul_n sent._n l._n 2._o c._n 74._o tit_n 19_o l._n si_fw-la uxor_fw-la d._n ad_fw-la l._n juliam_fw-la de_fw-la adult_fw-la and_o some_o child_n not_o just_a as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n note_n and_o some_o liberty_n not_o just_a as_o seneca_n observe_v but_o that_o a_o solemn_a testament_n and_o a_o solemn_a marriage_n have_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n some_o right_n and_o effect_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o which_o other_o have_v not_o which_o be_v very_o useful_a to_o be_v observe_v for_o that_o many_o misunderstanding_n the_o word_n just_a condemn_v all_o war_n as_o unrighteous_a and_o unlawful_a 40._o sen._n de_fw-fr vit_fw-fr beat_v c._n 24._o sâ—et_fw-la octau._n c._n 40._o that_o be_v not_o solemn_a now_o that_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n two_o thing_n be_v requisite_a first_o that_o it_o be_v on_o both_o side_n make_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o those_o who_o in_o their_o respective_a city_n have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n and_o next_o that_o it_o be_v wage_v with_o such_o rite_n and_o formality_n as_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n require_v whereof_o we_o shall_v discourse_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n and_o because_o these_o be_v joint_o requisite_a therefore_o the_o one_o without_o the_o other_o be_v not_o sufficient_a that_o public_a war_n which_o we_o call_v less_o solemn_a solemn_a less_o solemn_a may_v be_v both_o defective_a in_o these_o rite_n and_o also_o be_v make_v against_o private_a man_n and_o that_o by_o the_o authory_n of_o any_o magistrate_n and_o true_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n itself_o without_o regard_n to_o the_o civil_a law_n every_o magistrate_n as_o he_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o people_n safety_n so_o in_o case_n any_o violence_n be_v offer_v be_v he_o entrust_v with_o the_o exercise_n of_o that_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o consequent_o have_v a_o power_n to_o make_v war_n but_o because_o by_o war_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v endanger_v therefore_o it_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o law_n of_o almost_o all_o nation_n that_o no_o war_n be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n in_o that_o city_n ult_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la ult_n such_o a_o law_n we_o find_v extant_a in_o plato_n and_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n whosoever_o shall_v presume_v to_o make_v war_n listen_v soldier_n or_o muster_v a_o army_n traitor_n he_o tâ—at_a lust_n soldier_n or_o muster_n a_o army_n without_o warrant_n from_o his_o prince_n be_v a_o traitor_n without_o special_a warrant_n from_o the_o prince_n be_v hold_v guilty_a of_o treason_n or_o as_o the_o cornelian_a law_n institute_v by_o l._n cornelius_n sylla_n say_v without_o warrant_n from_o the_o people_n place_v the_o sovereign_a power_n in_o they_o only_o there_o be_v a_o ancient_a constitution_n extant_a in_o the_o code_n of_o justinian_n make_v by_o valentinianus_n and_o valens_n which_o run_v thus_o let_v no_o man_n presume_v to_o raise_v a_o army_n without_o special_a warrant_n or_o to_o make_v war_n without_o our_o knowledge_n and_o advice_n pertinent_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o st._n augustin_n that_o natural_a order_n which_o be_v best_a accommodate_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o humane_a peace_n require_v that_o the_o counsel_n and_o determination_n of_o raise_v of_o war_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o power_n of_o prince_n now_o as_o all_o other_o rule_n be_v they_o never_o so_o general_a must_v admit_v of_o equity_n to_o be_v their_o interpreter_n so_o must_v this_o law_n first_o then_o it_o can_v well_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o who_o the_o lieutenancy_n of_o any_o city_n be_v commit_v to_o reduce_v into_o obedience_n by_o his_o officer_n some_o few_o rebel_n so_o as_o it_o require_v not_o any_o great_a force_n to_o do_v it_o nor_o much_o endanger_v the_o city_n wherein_o he_o preside_v or_o in_o case_n the_o danger_n threaten_v the_o city_n be_v very_o great_a and_o so_o imminent_a that_o it_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o so_o much_o time_n as_o to_o consult_v the_o supreme_a magistrate_n pure_a necessity_n will_v plead_v strong_o for_o exemption_n upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o this_o right_n it_o be_v that_o l._n pinarius_n governor_n of_o enna_n a_o garrison_n in_o sicily_n be_v certain_o inform_v that_o the_o townsman_n have_v design_v to_o revolt_v to_o the_o carthaginian_n preserve_v the_o say_a town_n by_o put_v to_o death_n the_o chief_a conspirator_n nay_o even_o beyond_o these_o case_n of_o necessity_n if_o a_o king_n do_v neglect_v to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n of_o his_o subject_n franciscus_n de_fw-fr victoria_n be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o transfer_v the_o right_n of_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o citizen_n but_o herein_o he_o walk_v by_o himself_o for_o by_o all_o judicious_a writer_n this_o opinion_n be_v reject_v as_o dangerous_a v._o whether_o a_o war_n wage_v by_o a_o magistrate_n that_o have_v not_o a_o authority_n from_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v public_a and_o when_o but_o by_o what_o event_n soever_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o power_n of_o make_v war_n be_v manifest_o in_o inferior_a magistrate_n whether_o such_o a_o war_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v public_a lawyer_n agree_v not_o for_o some_o affirm_v it_o and_o some_o deny_v it_o sure_o if_o by_o public_a we_o understand_v nothing_o else_o but_o what_o be_v do_v by_o the_o right_n of_o a_o magistrate_n such_o war_n be_v public_a and_o therefore_o he_o that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n shall_v set_v himself_o in_o opposition_n to_o the_o magistrate_n incur_v the_o punishment_n due_a unto_o those_o who_o behave_v themselves_o contumacious_o against_o such_o as_o be_v set_v over_o they_o but_o if_o we_o take_v the_o word_n public_a in_o the_o better_a fence_n for_o that_o which_o be_v solemn_a as_o without_o question_n it_o be_v usual_o take_v then_o be_v not_o
it_o be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o god_n that_o set_v up_o one_o and_o pull_v down_o another_o and_o that_o transfer_v crown_n and_o sceptre_n from_o one_o nation_n to_o another_o people_n and_o that_o rule_v the_o people_n by_o who_o he_o please_v now_o to_o such_o as_o judicial_o peruse_v the_o write_n of_o the_o prophet_n they_o will_v appear_v most_o evident_a for_o they_o do_v not_o only_o foretell_v the_o counsel_n of_o god_n but_o the_o very_a king_n and_o prince_n by_o who_o god_n intend_v to_o bring_v about_o his_o secret_a purpose_n be_v therein_o describe_v yea_o and_o sometime_o name_v long_o before_o they_o be_v bear_v as_o josias_n by_o name_n 1_o kin._n 13.2_o cyrus_n by_o name_n es_fw-ge 45.3_o which_o plain_o argue_v that_o god_n do_v not_o only_o foresee_v what_o will_v come_v to_o pass_v but_o preordains_a such_o and_o such_o person_n by_o who_o he_o intend_v to_o effect_v his_o purpose_n yea_o and_o fit_v they_o with_o habit_n and_o grace_n according_o he_o make_v use_v of_o that_o supereminent_a power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o the_o life_n of_o every_o of_o his_o creature_n whereby_o to_o punish_v those_o king_n by_o take_v away_o their_o subject_n it_o be_v the_o proper_a punishment_n of_o king_n to_o be_v thus_o weaken_v subject_n weaken_v the_o proper_a punishment_n of_o king_n be_v to_o be_v deprive_v of_o their_o subject_n ix_o mutual_a subjection_n refute_v other_o there_o be_v that_o seem_v to_o fancy_n to_o themselves_o mutual_a subjection_n as_o in_o case_n the_o king_n shall_v govern_v well_o than_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o people_n shall_v obey_v but_o in_o case_n he_o govern_v ill_a than_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v subject_a unto_o the_o people_n now_o if_o what_o they_o say_v do_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o our_o obedience_n to_o king_n bind_v we_o not_o to_o do_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v manifest_o wicked_a they_o say_v no_o more_o than_o what_o all_o sober_a man_n will_v grant_v yet_o do_v not_o this_o imply_v any_o compulsion_n or_o any_o right_n of_o empire_n that_o be_v in_o the_o people_n but_o in_o case_n they_o have_v a_o purpose_n to_o divide_v the_o government_n with_o the_o king_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n hereafter_o to_o speak_v somewhat_o they_o ought_v to_o assign_v bound_n and_o limit_n to_o the_o power_n of_o either_o party_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v by_o make_v distinction_n of_o either_o place_n person_n or_o affair_n but_o the_o well_o or_o ill_a management_n especial_o of_o civil_a affair_n be_v apt_a to_o admit_v of_o great_a debate_n be_v not_o so_o sit_v to_o distinguish_v the_o part_n for_o great_a confusion_n must_v necessary_o arise_v where_o the_o right_a of_o power_n be_v to_o be_v judge_v of_o by_o the_o pretension_n of_o good_a or_o evil_a act_n some_o judge_n of_o these_o act_n in_o favour_n to_o the_o king_n other_o in_o savour_n to_o the_o people_n which_o confusion_n no_o people_n that_o i_o as_o yet_o know_v be_v ever_o so_o imprudent_a as_o to_o introduce_v x._o caution_n in_o judge_v of_o the_o supreme_a power_n these_o error_n be_v thus_o refute_v it_o remain_v that_o we_o set_v down_o some_o caution_n which_o may_v guide_v we_o to_o give_v a_o right_a judgement_n to_o who_o in_o every_o nation_n the_o supreme_a power_n belong_v whereof_o the_o first_o be_v this_o that_o we_o suffer_v not_o ourselves_o to_o be_v deceive_v by_o such_o name_n as_o be_v ambiguous_a in_o sense_n nor_o with_o the_o show_n of_o outward_a thing_n as_o for_o example_n although_o among_o the_o latin_n a_o kingdom_n and_o a_o principality_n be_v usual_o opposite_n as_o when_o caesar_n say_v the_o father_n of_o vercingetorigis_fw-la have_v get_v the_o principality_n of_o gallia_n use_v kingdom_n and_o principality_n promiscuous_o use_v be_v slay_v for_o his_o affect_v the_o kingdom_n and_o when_o piso_n in_o tacitus_n say_v that_o germanicus_n be_v indeed_o the_o son_n of_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o not_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o parthian_n and_o when_o suetonius_n say_v that_o caligula_n want_v but_o a_o little_a of_o change_v his_o principality_n into_o a_o kingdom_n yet_o we_o find_v these_o title_n of_o time_n promiscuous_o use_v for_o both_o the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n who_o derive_v themselves_o from_o hercules_n 1._o lib._n 1._o though_o afterward_o they_o be_v subject_v to_o the_o ephori_fw-la yet_o be_v still_o call_v king_n and_o some_o ancient_a king_n of_o germany_n there_o be_v as_o tacitus_n relate_v who_o reign_v magis_fw-la suadendi_fw-la quam_fw-la jubendi_fw-la potestate_fw-la more_o by_o persuasion_n than_o by_o power_n and_o as_o livy_n speak_v of_o king_n evander_n 15._o lib._n 15._o that_o he_o govern_v rather_o as_o a_o prudent_a magistrate_n than_o as_o a_o king_n thus_o solinus_n call_v hanno_n the_o king_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o he_o that_o write_v the_o life_n of_o hannibal_n say_v that_o as_o the_o roman_n choose_v every_o year_n two_o consul_n so_o the_o carthaginian_n choose_v two_o king_n mean_v their_o suffete_n or_o judge_n among_o these_o king_n improper_o so_o call_v we_o may_v likewise_o reckon_v their_o son_n who_o their_o father_n be_v please_v to_o honour_n with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n though_o they_o reserve_v unto_o themselves_o the_o regal_a power_n such_o be_v that_o darius_n who_o his_o father_n artaxerxes_n command_v to_o be_v kill_v be_v first_o condemn_v for_o plot_v his_o father_n death_n as_o plutarch_n relate_v the_o story_n so_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o roman_a emperor_n finâ—m_fw-la plut._n aâ—taxâ—_n ad_fw-la finâ—m_fw-la after_o they_o have_v open_o assume_v unto_o themselves_o regal_a power_n content_v themselves_o with_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o general_n or_o prince_n nay_o the_o ensign_n of_o regal_a power_n be_v in_o some_o free_a city_n usual_o give_v to_o prince_n but_o now_o the_o assembly_n of_o state_n that_o be_v of_o those_o that_o represent_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n digest_v as_o gunther_n speak_v into_o three_o order_n namely_o call_v parliament_n why_o call_v prelate_n noble_n and_o the_o principal_a burgess_n of_o city_n do_v in_o some_o place_n indeed_o serve_v to_o this_o end_n only_o to_o be_v the_o king_n great_a council_n whereby_o the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n which_o be_v ofttimes_o conceal_v by_o his_o privy_a council_n may_v come_v to_o the_o king_n knowledge_n who_o have_v also_o power_n to_o determine_v they_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v good_a unto_o they_o according_a to_o custom_n but_o in_o other_o place_n they_o have_v power_n to_o call_v into_o question_n the_o action_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o also_o to_o prescribe_v law_n which_o shall_v be_v bind_v even_o to_o the_o prince_n himself_o there_o be_v many_o also_o that_o place_n the_o difference_n between_o the_o supreme_a and_o the_o lesser_a power_n in_o the_o translation_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o election_n or_o succession_n attribute_v the_o supreme_a power_n to_o this_o latter_a but_o not_o unto_o the_o former_a but_o this_o hold_v not_o universal_o true_a for_o succession_n assign_v not_o the_o form_n of_o government_n but_o the_o continuation_n of_o a_o form_n in_o the_o same_o family_n for_o the_o right_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o election_n of_o such_o a_o family_n be_v by_o succession_n continue_v among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n the_o kingdom_n even_o after_o the_o ephori_fw-la be_v constitute_v be_v hereditary_a and_o of_o such_o a_o kingdom_n or_o principality_n it_o be_v that_o aristotle_n speak_v where_o he_o say_v that_o some_o pass_n by_o the_o right_n of_o blood_n and_o some_o by_o election_n and_o such_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o ancient_a hero_n be_v most_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o greece_n i_o mean_v successive_a as_o both_o aristotle_n and_o thucydides_n observe_v so_o do_v dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o roman_a empire_n even_o after_o all_o power_n be_v take_v as_o well_o from_o the_o senate_n as_o people_n be_v always_o transfer_v by_o election_n xi_o the_o second_o caution_n a_o second_o caution_n shall_v be_v this_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o thing_n and_o another_o to_o inquire_v concern_v the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o which_o hold_v good_a not_o in_o thing_n corporeal_a only_o but_o in_o thing_n incorporeal_a for_o as_o a_o field_n be_v a_o thing_n so_o also_o be_v a_o passage_n it_o the_o thing_n itself_o distinguish_v from_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v it_o a_o act_n or_o way_n but_o these_o some_o may_v have_v by_o a_o full_a right_n of_o propriety_n other_o by_o a_o right_a usufructuary_n as_o a_o farmer_n have_v a_o right_a to_o his_o farm_n and_o some_o other_o by_o a_o temporary_a right_n as_o the_o roman_a dictator_n the_o sovereignty_n but_o by_o a_o temporary_a right_n so_o king_n as_o well_o those_o that_o be_v first_o elect_v as_o
man_n enjoy_v his_o own_o paneg._n paneg._n so_o say_v pliny_n the_o empire_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v much_o great_a than_o his_o private_a patrimony_n now_o there_o be_v common_o two_o thing_n that_o be_v subject_a to_o empire_n first_o person_n which_o alone_o sometime_o suffice_v as_o in_o a_o army_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n seek_v new_a plantation_n second_o land_n which_o be_v call_v territory_n and_o although_o both_o empire_n and_o dominion_n be_v usual_o gain_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o art_n yet_o be_v they_o in_o themselves_o distinct_a so_o we_o find_v in_o apollodorus_n that_o the_o land_n as_o well_o in_o arcadia_n as_o in_o attica_n be_v divide_v yet_o the_o empire_n remain_v in_o one_o only_a and_o therefore_o although_o the_o dominion_n or_o property_n of_o thing_n do_v usual_o pass_v not_o to_o subject_n only_o but_o sometime_o to_o stranger_n yet_o may_v the_o sovereignty_n still_o remain_v where_o it_o be_v before_o siculus_n in_o the_o book_n that_o he_o write_v concern_v the_o condition_n of_o land_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o field_n belong_v to_o their_o own_o colony_n be_v insufficient_a they_o that_o take_v the_o care_n to_o assign_v and_o divide_v the_o land_n do_v apportion_n to_o such_o of_o their_o citizen_n as_o come_v afterward_o such_o field_n as_o they_o have_v take_v out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a territory_n content_v themselves_o with_o the_o bare_a possession_n but_o leave_v the_o jurisdiction_n over_o they_o unto_o those_o who_o the_o territory_n be_v demosthenes_n call_v those_o field_n which_o lie_v within_o their_o own_o territory_n inheritance_n but_o those_o that_o lay_v in_o another_o possession_n only_o v._o that_o the_o right_n of_o possess_v thing_n movable_a may_v by_o law_n be_v prevent_v but_o in_o a_o place_n who_o empire_n be_v already_o possess_v the_o right_a of_o occupancy_n as_o to_o thing_n movable_a may_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v anticipate_v as_o we_o say_v above_o for_o this_o right_n proceed_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n rather_o permit_v it_o than_o command_v that_o it_o be_v always_o lawful_a neither_o indeed_o do_v humane_a society_n require_v it_o and_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v object_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n seem_v to_o justify_v it_o i_o shall_v answer_v that_o although_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o common_o be_v or_o have_v be_v so_o receive_v yet_o do_v it_o never_o amount_v to_o a_o compact_a or_o general_a argument_n among_o all_o nation_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o be_v rather_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o many_o nation_n distribute_v which_o notwithstanding_o may_v by_o any_o particular_a nation_n be_v reject_v as_o indeed_o there_o be_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o our_o civil_a lawyer_n seem_v to_o justify_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n when_o they_o treat_v of_o the_o division_n of_o thing_n and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o acquire_a propriety_n and_o dominion_n vi_o upon_o what_o right_a the_o dominion_n of_o infant_n and_o madman_n be_v ground_v this_o also_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o no_o right_a of_o propriety_n can_v be_v admit_v to_o those_o who_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o the_o common_a good_a do_v indulge_v this_o favour_n unto_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n that_o they_o may_v lawful_o receive_v and_o retain_v the_o propriety_n of_o thing_n all_o mankind_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n favour_v and_o as_o it_o be_v sustain_v their_o person_n for_o humane_a law_n may_v constitute_v many_o thing_n that_o be_v preternatural_a but_o not_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v against_o nature_n and_o therefore_o that_o right_n of_o dominion_n that_o in_o favour_n to_o such_o be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o civilise_v nation_n thus_o introduce_v may_v haply_o consist_v with_o the_o first_o act_n of_o dominion_n which_o be_v a_o power_n to_o have_v and_o to_o hold_v thing_n in_o propriety_n but_o not_o with_o the_o second_o act_n which_o be_v free_o and_o voluntary_o to_o dispose_v of_o they_o by_o themselves_o without_o a_o guardian_n for_o as_o to_o the_o right_n of_o alienation_n and_o the_o like_a because_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n they_o imply_v the_o act_n of_o a_o will_n guide_v with_o reason_n which_o infant_n and_o madman_n have_v not_o therefore_o do_v not_o the_o law_n permit_v these_o act_n unto_o they_o whereunto_o the_o apostle_n allude_v gal._n 4.1_o 4.1_o gal._n 4.1_o the_o pupil_n though_o he_o be_v lord_n of_o all_o the_o inheritance_n yet_o during_o his_o nonage_n be_v no_o better_a than_o a_o servant_n that_o be_v as_o to_o the_o use_n and_o free_a exercise_n of_o his_o right_n we_o have_v heretofore_o begin_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o we_o shall_v now_o complete_a vii_o that_o river_n may_v be_v possess_v in_o our_o own_o proper_a right_n river_n may_v be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n though_o neither_o the_o water_n above_o nor_o beneath_o be_v include_v within_o our_o territory_n but_o do_v co-here_a with_o both_o or_o with_o a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n it_o be_v sufficient_a to_o denominate_v they_o we_o that_o their_o great_a part_n that_o be_v their_o bank_n on_o both_o side_n wherein_o they_o be_v include_v be_v we_o and_o that_o that_o river_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o land_n adjoin_v be_v but_o a_o small_a thing_n viii_o whether_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v so_o but_o by_o this_o it_o shall_v also_o appear_v that_o the_o sea_n may_v have_v be_v hold_v possess_v by_o he_o that_o on_o both_o side_n possess_v the_o shore_n yea_o although_o it_o be_v open_a above_o as_o a_o gulf_n or_o both_o above_o and_o below_o as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o as_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a a_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v compare_v with_o the_o land_n it_o can_v reasonable_o be_v think_v to_o be_v a_o part_n or_o portion_n of_o they_o now_o what_o be_v lawful_a to_o any_o one_o king_n or_o people_n may_v also_o be_v lawful_a to_o two_o or_o three_o in_o case_n they_o be_v willing_a to_o possess_v the_o sea_n run_v alike_o between_o they_o so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o great_a river_n glide_v between_o two_o territory_n occupy_v by_o both_o at_o first_o but_o at_o last_o divide_v ix_o not_o so_o of_o old_a in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n it_o be_v grant_v that_o in_o those_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o former_a age_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v forbid_v that_o any_o one_o people_n shall_v challenge_v any_o right_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n though_o it_o be_v only_o the_o right_n of_o fish_v neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v that_o when_o the_o roman_a law_n do_v tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v only_o of_o all_o the_o roman_a citizen_n for_o first_o the_o word_n be_v so_o general_a that_o they_o can_v admit_v of_o such_o a_o limitation_n for_o what_o the_o latin_n render_v in_o these_o word_n omnium_fw-la commune_fw-la the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o theophilus_n expound_v by_o these_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d common_a to_o all_o man_n and_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n as_o open_v and_o free_a for_o all_o man_n as_o the_o air._n and_o so_o do_v celsus_n assure_v we_o that_o the_o use_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o all_o man_n alike_o common_a beside_o civilian_n do_v manifest_o distinguish_v the_o public_a thing_n of_o the_o people_n among_o which_o they_o reckon_v river_n from_o those_o that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o man_n for_o so_o we_o read_v in_o the_o constitution_n that_o some_o thing_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n common_a to_o all_o and_o some_o thing_n be_v public_a by_o natural_a right_n these_o thing_n be_v alike_o common_a to_o all_o the_o air_n run_v water_n the_o sea_n and_o the_o shore_n adjoin_v but_o all_o river_n and_o port_n be_v public_a the_o very_a same_o also_o we_o read_v in_o theophilus_n and_o other_o concern_v the_o sea_n coast_n neratius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o public_a as_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n but_o as_o those_o which_o nature_n at_o the_o first_o discover_v but_o be_v never_o since_o in_o the_o occupancy_n of_o any_o no_o not_o of_o any_o one_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o contradict_v that_o of_o celsus_n who_o say_v that_o to_o what_o place_n soever_o the_o roman_a empire_n do_v extend_v itself_o there_o the_o shore_n be_v as_o i_o conceive_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n but_o the_o sea_n as_o
to_o prove_v the_o injustice_n of_o his_o demand_n in_o require_v those_o city_n which_o neither_o he_o nor_o his_o father_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n ever_o enjoy_v thus_o queen_n elizabeth_n plead_v against_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n for_o the_o fish_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norway_n and_o new_a island_n without_o leave_n that_o neither_o his_o great_a grandfather_n nor_o his_o grandfather_n nor_o his_o father_n have_v exact_v it_o and_o therefore_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a see_v also_o that_o the_o sea_n be_v free_a for_o all_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n porphyry_n account_v thirty_o year_n for_o a_o age_n and_o herodian_a in_o the_o life_n of_o severus_n what_o a_o age_n what_o account_v three_o age_n for_o a_o century_n philo_n also_o reckon_v in_o three_o hundred_o year_n ten_o king_n to_o reign_v in_o egypt_n so_o plutarch_n record_v fourteen_o king_n to_o have_v reign_v in_o lacedaemon_n in_o five_o hundred_o year_n and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n wise_o forbid_v that_o any_o title_n shall_v be_v set_v on_o foot_n that_o have_v be_v discontinue_v for_o four_o age_n viii_o a_o objection_n answer_v but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o see_v that_o man_n do_v natural_o love_v themselves_o and_o whatsoever_o be_v they_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v presume_v that_o they_o will_v cast_v away_o what_o be_v their_o own_o and_o therefore_o such_o negative_a act_n though_o long_o continue_v can_v be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n to_o conclude_v a_o dereliction_n but_o we_o ought_v also_o to_o believe_v so_o charitable_o of_o man_n that_o they_o will_v not_o suffer_v one_o another_o to_o live_v perpetual_o in_o a_o sin_n unrepented_a of_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v vain_a and_o perishable_a which_o can_v ofttimes_o be_v avoid_v unless_o we_o do_v grant_v such_o a_o dereliction_n as_o concern_v empire_n though_o they_o be_v hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n among_o man_n dejot_fw-la cic._n pro_fw-la dejot_fw-la yet_o be_v they_o not_o without_o their_o burden_n for_o if_o they_o be_v not_o well_o administer_v they_o expose_v the_o governor_n to_o the_o wrath_n of_o the_o supreme_a judge_n and_o as_o the_o case_n be_v sad_a when_o they_o that_o be_v tutor_n and_o guardian_n shall_v waste_v the_o orphan_n estate_n with_o needless_a suit_n at_o law_n about_o the_o right_n of_o tutelage_n 1._o lib._n 1._o or_o to_o use_v plato_n similitude_n to_o this_o very_a purpose_n when_o mariner_n in_o a_o storm_n shall_v contend_v to_o the_o endanger_n of_o the_o ship_n whether_o of_o they_o can_v best_o steer_v she_o so_o they_o be_v not_o always_o the_o best_a patriot_n who_o can_v be_v content_a to_o sacrifice_v the_o public_a peace_n to_o their_o own_o private_a ambition_n and_o not_o without_o the_o vast_a expense_n of_o innocent_a blood_n dispute_n which_o of_o they_o can_v best_o provide_v for_o the_o people_n safety_n high_o extol_v by_o our_o ancestor_n be_v that_o act_n of_o antiochus_n who_o be_v drive_v out_o of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o empire_n by_o scipio_n and_o confine_v to_o that_o only_a which_o lie_v beyond_o mount_n taurus_n give_v hearty_a thanks_o to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n for_o ease_v he_o of_o so_o great_a a_o burden_n 1._o val._n max._n lib._n 4._o c._n 1._o and_o for_o contract_v his_o dominion_n within_o moderate_a bound_n of_o the_o very_a same_o mind_n seem_v jonathan_n to_o be_v will_v rather_o to_o forego_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n than_o to_o destroy_v his_o country_n with_o civil_a war_n so_o that_o he_o may_v be_v but_o next_o unto_o david_n who_o he_o love_v as_o his_o own_o soul_n 1_o sam._n 23.17_o it_o be_v say_v of_o otho_n the_o emperor_n that_o in_o his_o life_n he_o be_v as_o dissolute_a as_o nero_n finem_fw-la plut._n vit_fw-mi othon_n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la but_o in_o his_o death_n as_o honourable_a as_o any_o of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n for_o rather_o than_o harass_n his_o own_o country_n with_o intestine_a war_n he_o choose_v to_o die_v resolute_o by_o his_o own_o hand_n among_o those_o many_o grave_a say_n bequeath_v unto_o we_o by_o lucan_n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v not_o the_o least_o cantone_n novorum_fw-la proventu_fw-la scelerum_fw-la quaerunt_fw-la uter_fw-la imperet_fw-la urbi_fw-la vix_fw-la tanti_fw-la fuerat_fw-la civilia_fw-la bella_fw-la movere_fw-la ut_fw-la neuter_n shall_v they_o my_o praise_n have_v who_o seek_v by_o broil_n which_o shall_v the_o state_n enslave_v it_o have_v scarce_o be_v so_o much_o worth_n to_o expect_v whether_o as_o to_o provide_v by_o civil_a war_n that_o neither_o but_o howsoever_o see_v that_o it_o much_o conduce_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o humane_a society_n that_o title_n to_o empire_n shall_v at_o length_n become_v fix_v and_o undoubted_a certain_a title_n to_o empirâ—s_n shall_v be_v fix_v and_o certain_a therefore_o whatsoever_o proof_n though_o but_o conjectural_a shall_v be_v bring_v in_o reference_n to_o that_o end_n must_v be_v embrace_v with_o some_o grain_n of_o favour_n for_o if_o aratus_n sicyonius_n think_v it_o severe_a to_o lose_v what_o for_o fifty_o year_n he_o have_v quiet_o enjoy_v how_o much_o more_o be_v that_o of_o augustus_n who_o esteem_v he_o for_o a_o good_a man_n and_o a_o true_a citizen_n alter_v the_o present_a state_n of_o government_n not_o to_o be_v alter_v who_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n alter_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o as_o alcibiades_n in_o thucydides_n speak_v will_v help_v to_o defend_v that_o form_n of_o government_n which_o be_v then_o in_o be_v of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v isocrates_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o oration_n against_o calimachus_n and_o so_o be_v cicero_n who_o in_o his_o oration_n against_o rullus_n tell_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n that_o it_o concern_v he_o that_o will_v preserve_v peace_n to_o defend_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n whatsoever_o it_o be_v and_o livy_n also_o who_o say_v 35._o lib._n 35._o that_o every_o good_a subject_a aught_o to_o rejoice_v in_o the_o present_a government_n of_o public_a affair_n but_o if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n defective_a in_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v yet_o against_o that_o presumption_n whereby_o it_o be_v believe_v that_o every_o man_n have_v a_o will_n to_o preserve_v that_o which_o be_v his_o own_o there_o be_v another_o more_o strong_a that_o it_o be_v not_o credible_a that_o any_o man_n that_o will_v so_o preserve_v what_o be_v his_o shall_v not_o in_o so_o long_a a_o time_n lie_v some_o manifest_a claim_n thereunto_o by_o some_o fit_a signification_n of_o his_o will._n ix_o dominion_n have_v be_v transfer_v by_o possession_n immemorial_n but_o here_o it_o may_v be_v say_v and_o haply_o not_o improbable_o that_o this_o depend_v not_o upon_o a_o bare_a presumption_n but_o that_o it_o be_v a_o law_n introduce_v by_o the_o voluntary_a right_n of_o nation_n that_o a_o immemorial_n and_o a_o uninterrupted_a possession_n without_o any_o claim_n or_o appeal_v make_v to_o arbiter_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n to_o transfer_v a_o undoubted_a dominion_n and_o therefore_o when_o phocaea_n be_v give_v to_o the_o elder_n of_o catana_n by_o the_o grecian_a emperor_n gregoras_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v a_o law_n add_v that_o every_o of_o their_o successor_n shall_v declare_v in_o writing_n that_o they_o hold_v it_o under_o the_o title_n of_o administrator_n lest_o by_o a_o long_a continue_a omission_n the_o right_a of_o the_o emperor_n shall_v be_v exclude_v for_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v admit_v that_o what_o do_v so_o high_o conduce_v to_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o common_a benefit_n of_o mankind_n may_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n pass_v into_o a_o law_n but_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o a_o uninterrupted_a possession_n that_o be_v 35._o lib._n 35._o as_o sulpitius_n in_o livy_n speak_v such_o a_o possession_n as_o be_v hold_v by_o one_o and_o the_o same_o perpetual_a form_n of_o right_n 34._o lib._n 34._o always_o continue_v and_o never_o intermit_v and_o as_o the_o same_o livy_n in_o another_o place_n express_v it_o a_o continue_a possession_n that_o be_v never_o controvert_v for_o if_o it_o be_v inconstant_a and_o desultory_a it_o avail_v nothing_o as_o the_o numidian_n sometime_o plead_v against_o the_o carthaginian_n that_o sometime_o the_o numidian_a king_n and_o sometime_o the_o carthaginian_n hold_v the_o possession_n as_o opportunity_n and_o advantage_n offer_v themselves_o to_o either_o of_o they_o and_o at_o all_o time_n he_o that_o be_v strong_a hold_v it_o long_o x._o whether_o the_o right_a of_o those_o unborn_a may_v be_v thus_o lose_v but_o a_o more_o knotty_a question_n yet_o remain_v namely_o whether_o the_o right_a of_o such_o as_o be_v unborn_a may_v by_o such_o a_o dereliction_n tacit_o pass_v from_o they_o if_o we_o say_v it_o can_v than_o neither_o can_v a_o long_a uninterrupted_a possession_n add_v any_o certainty_n
that_o they_o always_o precede_v in_o such_o council_n as_o be_v call_v concern_v christian_n affair_n who_o first_o profess_v themselves_o christian_n as_o aeneas_n silvius_n record_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n xxii_o where_o divers_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n how_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v but_o yet_o so_o often_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o main_a reason_n of_o enter_v into_o this_o society_n be_v the_o preservation_n of_o something_o hold_v by_o they_o in_o common_a but_o not_o in_o equal_a proportion_n as_o in_o a_o inheritance_n or_o in_o a_o field_n wherein_o one_o have_v half_a another_o a_o three_o another_o a_o four_o part_n than_o not_o only_o the_o order_n but_o the_o suffrage_n of_o that_o assembly_n shall_v be_v not_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o single_a vote_n but_o by_o the_o proportion_n that_o they_o several_o have_v in_o the_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n so_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n so_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o lybica_n with_o three_o other_o adjoin_a city_n do_v unite_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o body_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o three_o be_v to_o have_v one_o voice_n but_o lybica_n two_o because_o it_o contribute_v much_o more_o to_o the_o common_a benefit_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o lycia_n there_o be_v twenty_o three_o city_n combine_v whereof_o some_o have_v three_o voice_n some_o two_o and_o some_o but_o one_o 9_o fol._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o and_z according_o all_o charge_n be_v divide_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v but_o just_a say_v aristotle_n if_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o common_a possession_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o consociation_n xxiii_o the_o right_a of_o society_n over_o their_o citizen_n of_o all_o society_n that_o of_o divers_a master_n of_o family_n embody_v in_o one_o city_n or_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a so_o it_o give_v a_o great_a right_a or_o power_n to_o the_o whole_a over_o every_o part_n thereof_o than_o any_o other_o society_n whatsoever_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o outward_a act_n do_v by_o any_o one_o citizen_n but_o what_o either_o by_o itself_o do_v or_o by_o circumstance_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o that_o society_n for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n do_v rule_v we_o in_o thing_n of_o all_o sort_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o citizen_n to_o forsake_v their_o city_n without_o leave_n give_v there_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n say_v servius_n that_o he_o that_o transplant_v himself_o into_o another_o family_n or_o nation_n do_v first_o renounce_v that_o wherein_o he_o former_o dwell_v and_o then_o be_v receive_v and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o country_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o forsake_v the_o city_n without_o leave_n as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o moscow_n 13._o mariana_n liâ—_n 28._o c._n 13._o neither_o do_v i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o civil_a society_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o under_o some_o such_o agreement_n and_o that_o custom_n may_v introduce_v the_o force_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n yet_o by_o the_o latter_a roman_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o citizen_n to_o remove_v his_o habitation_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o he_o stand_v still_o oblige_v to_o execute_v such_o office_n in_o the_o city_n as_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o he_o neither_o be_v these_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o special_a care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v their_o contribution_n but_o set_v aside_o these_o municipal_a law_n and_o constitution_n let_v we_o discuss_v this_o question_n according_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o that_o not_o of_o any_o one_o part_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o under_o the_o supreme_a dominion_n of_o one_o person_n and_o sure_o that_o they_o can_v recede_v by_o flock_n or_o great_a company_n be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v able_a to_o create_v a_o right_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a there_o may_v instant_o follow_v a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o civil_a society_n zonoras_n speak_v of_o king_n lazus_n who_o revolt_v from_o the_o persian_n to_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v draw_v unto_o himself_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o departure_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n from_o a_o city_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o draw_v water_n out_o of_o a_o river_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o turn_v the_o course_n of_o it_o every_o citizen_n say_v triphonius_n be_v free_a either_o to_o stay_v in_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o his_o own_o city_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o baldus_n commend_v this_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o stay_v in_o a_o city_n against_o his_o will_n and_o this_o he_o lay_v down_o as_o the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n that_o every_o freeman_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o himself_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o we_o please_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n either_o to_o remain_v in_o it_o or_o to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o yet_o herein_o also_o we_o be_v to_o submit_v to_o natural_a equity_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o the_o roman_n walk_v by_o in_o dissolve_v private_a society_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a when_o the_o public_a be_v damnify_v by_o it_o for_o as_o proculus_n right_o observe_v always_o not_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o some_o one_o of_o a_o society_n be_v usual_o to_o be_v observe_v but_o what_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a society_n that_o in_o case_n any_o great_a public_a debt_n be_v contract_v no_o citizen_n shall_v forsake_v the_o city_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o pay_v his_o proportion_n of_o it_o also_o if_o upon_o confidence_n of_o the_o number_n of_o their_o citizen_n they_o have_v begin_v a_o war_n but_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v besiege_v no_o citizen_n ought_v to_o forsake_v the_o city_n till_o he_o have_v first_o provide_v a_o person_n as_o able_a as_o himself_o to_o defend_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o these_o case_n only_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o people_n do_v give_v their_o consent_n that_o any_o citizen_n may_v free_o depart_v because_o even_o from_o this_o liberty_n they_o may_v make_v no_o less_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o some_o other_o way_n xxv_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o she_o banish_v so_o likewise_o no_o city_n can_v have_v any_o right_n over_o those_o who_o she_o have_v banish_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o *_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la be_v banish_v argos_n by_o euristeus_n and_o afterward_o persecute_v by_o he_o do_v thus_o plead_v by_o their_o advocate_n jolaus_fw-la by_o what_o right_o do_v he_o prosecute_v we_o now_o who_o he_o banish_v his_o city_n for_o now_o we_o be_v no_o subject_n of_o he_o and_o alcibiades_n his_o son_n speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n banishment_n tell_v the_o athenian_n 41._o lib._n 3._o c._n 20._o §._o 41._o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o city_n do_v nothing_o concern_v his_o father_n so_o likewise_o nicetas_n speak_v of_o isaac_n angelus_n say_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o any_o man_n to_o court_n and_o flatter_v his_o enemy_n that_o be_v but_o sensible_a that_o his_o own_o countryman_n do_v persecute_v he_o as_o their_o enemy_n but_o now_o the_o consociation_n of_o several_a nation_n whether_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o governor_n be_v call_v league_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v when_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n xxvi_o what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n there_o be_v also_o voluntary_a subjection_n and_o those_o either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n that_o which_o be_v most_o noble_a be_v that_o of_o arrogation_n or_o adoption_n whereby_o a_o man_n translate_v himself_o into_o the_o family_n of_o another_o so_o as_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o that_o duty_n and_o reverence_n as_o a_o son_n of_o mature_a age_n shall_v do_v roward_n his_o own_o parent_n no_o father_n can_v possible_o transfer_v his_o paternal_a right_n over_o his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n so_o full_o as_o to_o be_v
do_v not_o declare_v his_o knowledge_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v guilty_a so_o also_o st_n chrysostome_n not_o only_o the_o perjure_a person_n but_o they_o that_o know_v of_o it_o 14._o de_fw-fr statuis_fw-la 14._o conceal_v the_o perjury_n be_v guilty_a they_o that_o contribute_v their_o counsel_n and_o advice_n for_o so_o run_v the_o attic_a law_n he_o that_o give_v his_o counsel_n to_o a_o act_n that_o be_v wicked_a be_v involve_v in_o the_o same_o punishment_n with_o he_o that_o do_v it_o they_o that_o countenance_n encourage_v or_o commend_v a_o malefactor_n so_o st_n chrysostome_n pejor_fw-la peccante_fw-la qui_fw-la peccatum_fw-la laudat_fw-la he_o that_o praise_v and_o applaud_v a_o wicked_a act_n be_v more_o wicked_a than_o he_o that_o effect_n it_o and_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o lombard_n qui_fw-la facinorosum_fw-la astans_fw-la hortatur_fw-la pro_fw-la faciente_fw-la habetur_fw-la the_o by-stander_n that_o encourage_v a_o malefactor_n be_v equal_o to_o be_v punish_v with_o he_o they_o who_o have_v full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o forbid_v and_o restrain_v offender_n do_v it_o not_o so_o think_v st._n chrysostome_n not_o they_o only_a that_o commit_v the_o theft_n but_o they_o also_o that_o do_v not_o hinder_v the_o commission_n of_o it_o when_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o do_v it_o be_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n to_o be_v punish_v just_o as_o he_o who_o hinder_v a_o wound_a person_n from_o be_v cure_v be_v as_o guilty_a as_o he_o that_o wound_v he_o even_o unto_o death_n so_o they_o who_o be_v strict_o bind_v in_o duty_n to_o help_v those_o that_o be_v oppress_v and_o do_v it_o not_o and_o they_o who_o do_v not_o dissuade_v when_o they_o ought_v to_o do_v it_o and_o last_o they_o that_o conceal_v the_o fact_n which_o they_o be_v bind_v by_o some_o law_n to_o make_v know_v all_o these_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o same_o punishment_n if_o there_o be_v in_o they_o such_o a_o malignity_n of_o spirit_n as_o may_v suffice_v to_o deserve_v punishment_n according_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v in_o the_o precede_a chapter_n ii_o how_o prince_n and_o state_n be_v punishable_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o subject_n this_o will_v be_v make_v clear_a by_o example_n where_o offence_n be_v but_o personal_a there_o the_o punishment_n be_v not_o to_o be_v national_a no_o community_n or_o other_o civil_a society_n of_o man_n may_v just_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o fault_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n without_o either_o commit_n or_o omit_v some_o fact_n or_o duty_n of_o their_o own_o whereunto_o they_o be_v general_o oblige_v for_o as_o st_n augustine_n well_o observe_v in_o every_o nation_n those_o sin_n which_o be_v commit_v by_o particular_a person_n be_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o those_o that_o be_v do_v in_o common_a as_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v assemble_v do_v unanimous_o decree_v it_o to_o be_v do_v hence_o arise_v that_o clause_n usual_a in_o all_o league_n si_fw-la defexerit_fw-la publico_fw-la consilio_fw-la if_o any_o thing_n shall_v be_v do_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o any_o public_a decree_n then_o shall_v the_o league_n be_v adjudge_v as_o break_v thus_o the_o locrian_o in_o livy_n excuse_v themselves_o to_o the_o roman_a senate_n say_v that_o their_o defection_n proceed_v from_o some_o ignorant_a and_o ill_a affect_a people_n and_o not_o by_o any_o public_a order_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o rhodian_o in_o the_o same_o senate_n make_v their_o defence_n by_o the_o same_o argument_n distinguish_v between_o the_o public_a act_n of_o the_o city_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n there_o be_v no_o city_n say_v they_o so_o well_o govern_v but_o may_v sometime_o have_v some_o malignant_a citizen_n sit_v even_o at_o the_o stern_a beside_o a_o unexperienced_a multitude_n always_o and_o if_o the_o attempt_n of_o every_o private_a person_n be_v ground_n sufficient_a for_o a_o just_a war_n no_o city_n can_v long_o subsist_v thus_o st._n chrysostome_n likewise_o argue_v it_o be_v not_o the_o common_a crime_n of_o the_o city_n but_o of_o some_o stranger_n and_o foreigner_n who_o do_v all_o thing_n rather_o through_o rashness_n and_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n than_o by_o reason_n neither_o say_v he_o be_v it_o just_a that_o so_o great_a a_o city_n shall_v be_v destroy_v for_o the_o indiscretion_n of_o some_o few_o nor_o that_o the_o innocent_a shall_v equal_o suffer_v with_o the_o nocent_a so_o neither_o be_v the_o sin_n of_o child_n to_o be_v impute_v to_o their_o parent_n nor_o master_n to_o be_v punish_v for_o the_o crime_n of_o their_o servant_n nor_o other_o that_o govern_v for_o those_o who_o they_o govern_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o delinquency_n of_o their_o own_o now_o of_o those_o way_n or_o mean_n whereby_o they_o that_o preside_v over_o other_o may_v be_v accessary_a to_o their_o sin_n and_o so_o involve_v in_o their_o punishment_n there_o be_v two_o of_o singular_a use_n and_o require_v our_o strict_a disquisition_n as_o first_o by_o connivance_n connivance_n 1._o by_o connivance_n for_o he_o that_o know_v that_o such_o a_o crime_n will_v be_v commit_v which_o he_o can_v hinder_v and_o be_v bind_v to_o do_v it_o but_o do_v it_o not_o be_v guilty_a of_o that_o crime_n when_o it_o be_v commit_v thus_o cicero_n argue_v this_o case_n against_o piso_n pisonem_fw-la cicero_n in_o pisonem_fw-la it_o be_v not_o much_o material_a say_v he_o especialâ—y_v in_o a_o consul_n whether_o he_o do_v himself_o stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o sedition_n by_o his_o own_o pernicious_a law_n and_o wicked_a speech_n and_o so_o disturb_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o whether_o by_o his_o connivance_n he_o permit_v other_o so_o to_o do_v par_fw-fr est_fw-fr delinquere_fw-la &_o delinquentes_fw-la non_fw-la prohibere_fw-la it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n say_v agapetus_n to_o justinian_n to_o be_v wicked_a ourselves_o and_o to_o suffer_v other_o to_o be_v so_o when_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n to_o help_v it_o he_o that_o suffer_v a_o sinner_n to_o sin_n say_v arnobius_n add_v unto_o he_o the_o strength_n of_o confidence_n of_o the_o same_o opinion_n be_v salvian_n he_o who_o have_v a_o power_n to_o prohibit_v a_o wicked_a act_n and_o do_v it_o not_o do_v in_o effect_n command_v it_o and_o st._n augustine_n likewise_o he_o that_o do_v not_o resist_v and_o oppose_v himself_o against_o a_o sin_n when_o he_o can_v do_v it_o seem_v to_o give_v his_o consent_n unto_o it_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n if_o a_o servant_n do_v kill_v a_o man_n with_o his_o master_n knowledge_n the_o main_a guilt_n be_v transfer_v to_o his_o master_n as_o if_o he_o himself_o have_v be_v the_o murderer_n even_o so_o he_o that_o suffer_v his_o bondslave_n to_o be_v prostitute_v when_o he_o may_v rescue_v she_o be_v by_o the_o same_o law_n judge_v the_o prostitutor_fw-la by_o the_o fabian_n law_n if_o one_o man_n servant_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o master_n seduce_v another_o man_n servant_n the_o master_n of_o the_o seducer_n be_v punish_v for_o it_o but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o beside_o the_o bare_a knowledge_n there_o be_v also_o a_o power_n and_o authority_n sufficient_a to_o restrain_v and_o hinder_v the_o commit_n of_o it_o and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o the_o law_n intend_v for_o when_o knowledge_n be_v command_v to_o be_v punish_v it_o be_v take_v for_o connivance_n or_o toleration_n so_o that_o he_o stand_v guilty_a who_o have_v a_o power_n to_o forbid_v the_o do_n of_o a_o wicked_a act_n do_v it_o not_o and_o in_o this_o case_n knowledge_n be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o have_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o will_n and_o so_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o the_o fact_n be_v commit_v by_o his_o advice_n and_o counsel_n and_o therefore_o as_o the_o master_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o servant_n crime_n though_o he_o do_v know_v thereof_o if_o that_o servant_n shall_v contemn_v his_o master_n authority_n and_o proclaim_v himself_o a_o freeman_n and_o as_o parent_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o child_n crime_n though_o they_o know_v of_o they_o if_o those_o child_n be_v not_o under_o the_o power_n and_o tuition_n of_o their_o parent_n because_o neither_o master_n nor_o parent_n have_v any_o power_n and_o authority_n over_o they_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n although_o they_o have_v power_n and_o authority_n over_o they_o and_o so_o may_v thereby_o prohibit_v the_o do_n of_o such_o crime_n yet_o if_o they_o know_v nothing_o of_o their_o purpose_n and_o intention_n to_o commit_v such_o act_n they_o can_v be_v punish_v for_o they_o for_o both_o these_o must_v necessary_o concur_v to_o make_v one_o man_n guilty_a of_o another_o man_n crime_n knowledge_n of_o the_o sin_n commit_v and_o not_o restrain_v they_o when_o it_o be_v in_o
they_o break_v out_o into_o arms._n so_o coriolanus_n in_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_fw-la if_o a_o man_n say_v he_o without_o covet_v another_o do_v but_o demand_v his_o own_o and_o be_v thereof_o deny_v shall_v make_v war_n that_o war_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v most_o just_a for_o as_o king_n tullus_n say_v in_o the_o same_o author_n quae_fw-la verbis_fw-la componi_fw-la nequeunt_fw-la ea_fw-la armis_fw-la decernenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la those_o difference_n which_o can_v by_o reason_n be_v compose_v must_v be_v determine_v by_o blow_n and_o yet_o as_o vologeses_n in_o tacitus_n declare_v i_o have_v rather_o keep_v what_o my_o ancestor_n have_v leave_v i_o by_o equity_n than_o by_o the_o expense_n of_o blood_n by_o my_o own_o just_a title_n than_o by_o a_o doubtful_a war._n for_o as_o king_n theodorick_n wise_o observe_v then_o only_o be_v war_n profitable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n viii_o 2._o by_o arbitration_n the_o second_o way_n to_o prevent_v war_n between_o those_o who_o have_v no_o common_a judge_n between_o they_o be_v to_o put_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n to_o arbitration_n this_o though_o much_o scorn_v by_o such_o prince_n as_o be_v too_o confident_a in_o their_o own_o strength_n yet_o be_v worthy_o to_o be_v press_v and_o insist_v on_o by_o all_o that_o love_n peace_n and_o equity_n to_o persecute_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o put_v his_o case_n to_o a_o indifferent_a arbiter_n be_v impious_a and_o unjust_a say_v thucydides_n so_o concern_v thâ—_n kingdom_n of_o the_o argive_n adrastus_n and_o amphiraus_n be_v both_o content_a to_o refer_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o eriphyla_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v the_o like_a do_v the_o athenian_n and_o the_o megarense_n to_o three_o lacedaemonian_n concern_v the_o island_n salamis_n 5._o lib._n 5._o the_o same_o thucydides_n record_v this_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o article_n agree_v on_o in_o the_o league_n between_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o argive_n that_o in_o case_n any_o controversy_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n arise_v between_o their_o city_n the_o matter_n in_o difference_n shall_v amicable_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o three_o city_n which_o shall_v be_v indifferent_a to_o both_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o their_o forefather_n thus_o the_o corcyrean_o declare_v their_o readiness_n to_o refer_v their_o difference_n with_o the_o corinthian_n to_o any_o of_o the_o peloponnesian_a city_n that_o they_o shall_v agree_v upon_o many_o great_a prince_n and_o state_n to_o save_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n have_v be_v content_v to_o put_v their_o grievance_n to_o arbitration_n aristides_n commend_v pericles_n that_o to_o avoid_v a_o doubtful_a war_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o commit_v his_o cause_n to_o indifferent_a judge_n so_o also_o do_v isocrates_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o ctesiphon_n high_o extol_v king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n for_o his_o readiness_n to_o refer_v all_o those_o controversy_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o athenian_n to_o some_o other_o city_n that_o stand_v indifferent_o affect_v to_o either_o party_n thus_o do_v the_o samnite_n as_o to_o the_o difference_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o roman_n offer_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o award_n of_o those_o state_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o both_o of_o they_o 2._o xen._n cyro_n lib._n 2._o cyrus_n make_v the_o indian_a king_n judge_n between_o himself_o and_o the_o assyrian_a so_o do_v the_o carthaginian_n to_o avoid_v a_o war_n put_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o quarrel_n with_o masinissa_n to_o the_o judgement_n oâ—_n other_o yea_o and_o the_o roman_n themselves_o do_v refer_v their_o difference_n with_o the_o samnite_n 8._o livy_n lib._n 8._o to_o be_v compromise_v by_o their_o common_a associate_n we_o for_o our_o part_n be_v ready_a say_v the_o gepidae_n to_o the_o lombard_n in_o procopius_n to_o refer_v ourselves_o to_o any_o indifferent_a arbiter_n 3._o goth_n lib._n 3._o queen_n elizabeth_z offer_v to_o refer_v the_o difference_n between_o she_o and_o the_o dane_n unto_o commissioner_n on_o both_o side_n 1600._o camden_n anno_fw-la 1600._o or_o unto_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n father_n in_o law_n and_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o mechlenburgh_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n as_o arbitrator_n now_o they_o that_o refuse_v this_o way_n of_o disceptation_n by_o reason_n argument_n or_o arbitrement_n run_v rash_o into_o war_n when_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v decline_v all_o justice_n humanity_n and_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a prince_n yet_o that_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o pope_n to_o be_v judge_n between_o he_o and_o other_o competitor_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n i_o do_v not_o wonder_v gentilis_fw-la aberic_n gentilis_fw-la because_o the_o pope_n claim_v the_o decision_n of_o all_o such_o controversy_n as_o his_o proper_a right_n wherefore_o that_o wise_a king_n be_v unwilling_a to_o add_v his_o own_o example_n to_o some_o ancient_a one_o whereby_o the_o pope_n may_v hereafter_o prove_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sole_a arbiter_n and_o disposer_n of_o kingdom_n many_o other_o example_n may_v be_v produce_v but_o in_o a_o case_n so_o clear_a these_o may_v suffice_v plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a duty_n of_o the_o college_n of_o herald_n among_o the_o roman_n to_o take_v care_n nè_fw-la sinerent_fw-la prius_fw-la ad_fw-la bellum_fw-la veniri_fw-la quam_fw-la spes_fw-la omnis_fw-la judicii_fw-la obtinendi_fw-la periisset_fw-la that_o no_o war_n shall_v be_v attempt_v but_o where_o all_o hope_n of_o receive_v satisfaction_n for_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v frustrate_a and_o strabo_n testify_v of_o the_o druid_n in_o gallia_n 4._o lib._n 4._o that_o ancient_o they_o be_v the_o arbitrator_n between_o public_a enemy_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mediation_n peace_n be_v often_o make_v even_o when_o the_o army_n be_v prepare_v for_o battle_n which_o office_n do_v of_o old_a in_o spain_n appertain_v to_o their_o priest_n as_o the_o same_o author_n record_v but_o much_o more_o do_v it_o concern_v christian_a king_n and_o state_n to_o prevent_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n by_o this_o mean_n 11._o lib._n 11._o for_o if_o both_o jew_n and_o christian_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v arbitrator_n among_o themselves_o to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n to_o the_o intent_n 28._o vict._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n n._n 28._o that_o brother_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o law_n with_o brother_n before_o unbeliever_n as_o st_n paul_n have_v also_o command_v how_o much_o more_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o such_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o we_o to_o prevent_v mischief_n far_o great_a than_o go_v to_o law_n namely_o spoil_n rapine_n murder_n yea_o and_o sometime_o desolation_n which_o be_v the_o unhappy_a concomitant_n of_o cruel_a war_n from_o whence_o tertullian_n conclude_v that_o a_o christian_a ought_v not_o to_o wage_v war_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o go_v to_o law_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o qualify_a sense_n 10._o gregor_n lib._n 10._o and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o unfit_a for_o prince_n who_o profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v follower_n of_o christ_n to_o rush_v into_o arm_n one_o against_o the_o other_o with_o so_o much_o bitterness_n see_v that_o there_o be_v other_o mean_v find_v out_o to_o compromise_v their_o quarrel_n and_o to_o make_v better_a use_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o valour_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n and_o for_o this_o as_o well_o as_o for_o many_o other_o reason_n it_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a nay_o necessary_a that_o constant_a diet_n and_o convention_n of_o christian_a prince_n shall_v be_v hold_v where_o by_o the_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o interest_v all_o controversy_n may_v be_v compose_v yea_o and_o that_o some_o expedient_a may_v be_v find_v out_o to_o enforce_v both_o party_n to_o accept_v of_o peace_n upon_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a term_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v example_n in_o cassiodore_n 4._o cassiodore_n cassiod_n lib._n 3._o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4._o gailius_n 12._o gailius_n gail_n de_fw-fr pace_n publ_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 18._o n._n 12._o and_o other_o which_o ancient_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o druid_n in_o france_n to_o who_o the_o bishop_n do_v afterward_o by_o a_o better_a right_o succeed_v so_o we_o read_v of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v refer_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o their_o peer_n ix_o 3._o by_o lot_n the_o three_o way_n to_o prevent_v war_n be_v to_o decide_v controversy_n by_o lot_n which_o dion_n chrysostome_n much_o commend_v and_o long_o before_o he_o solomon_n prov._n 18.18_o whereof_o see_v st_n augustine_n in_o his_o first_o book_n 28._o chap._n of_o
as_o aristotle_n right_o observe_v the_o argument_n that_o excite_v we_o to_o action_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n animalium_fw-la de_fw-fr motione_fw-la animalium_fw-la either_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o end_n or_o from_o the_o possibility_n of_o obtain_v it_o which_o comparison_n have_v these_o three_o rule_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v guide_v first_o good_n three_o rule_n to_o guide_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o good_n if_o the_o thing_n in_o debate_n seem_v to_o have_v in_o a_o moral_a esteem_n a_o equal_a efficacy_n to_o good_a and_o to_o evil_a then_o if_o the_o good_a we_o hope_v for_o have_v somewhat_o more_o of_o good_a than_o the_o evil_n we_o fear_v have_v of_o evil_a we_o may_v adventure_v upon_o the_o action_n but_o if_o the_o conveniency_n be_v not_o able_a to_o overbalance_n the_o inconvenience_n it_o be_v better_a to_o refrain_v for_o a_o wise_a man_n though_o never_o so_o dare_v and_o magnanimous_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n for_o every_o cause_n but_o then_o only_o when_o the_o reward_n be_v great_a weighty_a and_o honourable_a the_o second_o rule_n be_v this_o if_o the_o good_a and_o evil_n seem_v to_o be_v equal_a which_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n than_o we_o may_v thus_o guide_v our_o choice_n if_o the_o thing_n itself_o have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n to_o produce_v the_o good_a than_o it_o have_v to_o produce_v the_o evil_a than_o we_o may_v choose_v it_o three_o if_o both_o the_o good_a and_o evil_a seem_v unequal_a and_o the_o power_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o thing_n no_o less_o unequal_a then_o that_o thing_n be_v at_o length_n to_o be_v choose_v if_o its_o efficacy_n to_o the_o good_a be_v great_a be_v compare_v with_o its_o efficacy_n unto_o the_o evil_a than_o the_o evil_n itself_o be_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o good_a or_o if_o the_o good_a itself_o compare_v with_o the_o evil_n be_v great_a than_o its_o efficacy_n unto_o evil_a be_v compare_v with_o the_o good_n thus_o narses_n to_o belisarius_n where_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v equal_a and_o the_o damage_n alike_o if_o we_o err_v 13._o procopius_n goth._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 13._o there_o much_o discourse_n and_o consultation_n be_v necessary_a before_o we_o determine_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n but_o where_o the_o difficulty_n be_v unequal_a and_o the_o damage_n upon_o mistake_n great_a or_o less_o than_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n there_o the_o choice_n be_v very_o easy_a and_o require_v no_o great_a depth_n of_o judgement_n to_o determine_v what_o we_o have_v set_v down_o here_o somewhat_o more_o accurate_o cicero_n have_v in_o a_o plain_a way_n 1._o de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 1._o but_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n describe_v where_o he_o advise_v we_o not_o to_o expose_v ourselves_o to_o danger_n without_o cause_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v argue_v a_o more_o fool-hardiness_n wherefore_o in_o perilous_a case_n we_o shall_v imitate_v physician_n who_o in_o light_a distemper_n use_v gentle_a remedy_n but_o when_o the_o disease_n threaten_v death_n than_o those_o that_o be_v more_o doubtful_a and_o dangerous_a therefore_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n to_o help_v in_o a_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o when_o he_o rational_o conceive_v that_o the_o good_a he_o shall_v reap_v by_o it_o if_o it_o succeed_v do_v overbalance_n the_o damage_n that_o he_o fear_v if_o it_o miscarry_v but_o as_o the_o same_o cicero_n elsewhere_o say_v no_o prudent_a man_n will_v endanger_v himself_o in_o such_o a_o enterprise_n wherein_o the_o good_a success_n shall_v bring_v he_o little_a profit_n but_o where_o the_o least_o miscarriage_n may_v prove_v fatal_a for_o as_o dion_n prusaeensis_n say_v grant_v that_o our_o grievance_n be_v unjust_a and_o unworthy_a to_o be_v bear_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o whensoever_o we_o suffer_v any_o thing_n unjust_o we_o ought_v by_o strive_v against_o it_o to_o make_v our_o condition_n worse_o to_o make_v use_n of_o iron_n and_o steel_n when_o more_o gentle_a remedy_n may_v prevail_v plutarch_n plutarch_n or_o where_o the_o case_n be_v not_o extreme_o dangerous_a become_v neither_o a_o skilful_a physician_n nor_o a_o politic_a statesman_n dion_n prusaeensis_n when_o our_o burden_n be_v beyond_o our_o strength_n our_o endeavour_n to_o ease_v ourselves_o of_o they_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a because_o necessary_a but_o if_o they_o be_v tolerable_a and_o that_o we_o have_v cause_n to_o fear_v that_o by_o struggle_v they_o may_v be_v make_v worse_o we_o must_v arm_v ourselves_o with_o patience_n for_o as_o aristides_n aristides_n aristides_n say_v well_o where_o our_o fear_n be_v above_o our_o hope_n than_o it_o concern_v we_o especial_o to_o beware_v vi_o life_n better_o than_o liberty_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o will_v borrow_v out_o of_o tacitus_n who_o relate_v that_o among_o the_o city_n of_o france_n there_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n whether_o be_v more_o desiderable_a 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whether_o the_o saguntines_n do_v well_o to_o preserve_v their_o faith_n give_v to_o the_o roman_n 6._o de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 22._o c._n 6._o so_o long_o until_o the_o city_n with_o themselves_o be_v total_o destroy_v by_o hannibal_n 3._o de_fw-fr repub_fw-la lib._n 3._o for_o though_o cicero_n think_v nothing_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v a_o war_n but_o either_o the_o public_a safety_n or_o the_o public_a faith_n give_v yet_o do_v he_o not_o there_o determine_v the_o case_n of_o the_o saguntines_n by_o show_v that_o if_o a_o city_n be_v drive_v into_o such_o a_o strait_a that_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o preserve_v their_o faith_n without_o the_o ruin_n of_o themselves_o nor_o preserve_v themselves_o without_o the_o breach_n of_o their_o faith_n which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o saguntines_n whether_o of_o the_o two_o be_v most_o eligible_a but_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n we_o be_v teach_v that_o death_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o 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add_v to_o that_o
livy_n lib._n 7._o say_v livy_n to_o desert_n such_o ii_o yet_o be_v it_o not_o always_o convenient_a neither_o be_v it_o prudence_n in_o a_o governor_n to_o enter_v into_o a_o war_n always_o though_o upon_o a_o just_a ground_n for_o any_o particular_a subject_n unless_o it_o may_v be_v do_v safe_o without_o endanger_v all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o good_a prince_n to_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a before_o its_o part_n and_o the_o great_a the_o part_n be_v that_o he_o provide_v for_o the_o near_a it_o draw_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o whole_a iii_o whether_o a_o innocent_a subject_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o preserve_v the_o whole_a wherefore_o in_o case_n the_o enemy_n shall_v require_v any_o one_o person_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o death_n though_o that_o person_n be_v innocent_a there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o he_o may_v be_v forsake_v if_o it_o clear_o appear_v that_o the_o city_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o make_v resistance_n for_o as_o nicephorus_n in_o zonaras_n advise_v right_o concern_v the_o deliver_n up_o of_o the_o fugitive_n to_o the_o bulgarian_a general_n to_o purchase_v their_o peace_n we_o judge_v it_o much_o better_a that_o a_o few_o man_n shall_v perish_v than_o that_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n shall_v be_v destroy_v non_fw-la malo_fw-la unius_fw-la domus_fw-la commune_fw-la vinci_fw-la sed_fw-la nec_fw-la aequari_fw-la potest_fw-la no_o one_o man_n suffering_n can_v equal_v be_v unto_o a_o general_a calamity_n when_o alexander_n have_v destroy_v thebes_n he_o come_v to_o athens_n threaten_v to_o destroy_v it_o photion_n plut._n vit_fw-mi photion_n unless_o demosthenes_n lycurgus_n and_o other_o who_o have_v high_o exasperate_v the_o people_n against_o he_o be_v deliver_v unto_o he_o photion_n thereupon_o be_v urge_v in_o the_o senate_n to_o deliver_v his_o opinion_n in_o that_o case_n point_v to_o his_o dear_a friend_n nicocles_n answer_v eo_fw-la in_o 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that_o one_o man_n shall_v die_v than_o that_o the_o whole_a nation_n shall_v perish_v for_o the_o destruction_n of_o no_o one_o family_n can_v equal_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o universe_n a_o particular_a mischief_n be_v much_o more_o tolerable_a than_o a_o general_a calamity_n and_o therefore_o photion_n do_v wise_o when_o he_o persuade_v demosthenes_n rather_o to_o undergo_v death_n himself_o than_o that_o for_o he_o his_o native_a country_n shall_v be_v destroy_v 17_o diodor._fw-la lib._n 17_o which_o he_o urge_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o example_n of_o the_o daughter_n of_o leus_n and_o of_o the_o hyacinthides_n this_o be_v cicero_n resolution_n in_o the_o like_a case_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o oration_n he_o make_v for_o p._n sextius_n if_o it_o shall_v happen_v say_v he_o that_o sail_v in_o a_o ship_n with_o my_o friend_n and_o be_v therein_o assault_v by_o many_o pirate_n who_o peremptory_o resolve_v to_o sink_v the_o ship_n unless_o i_o only_o be_v deliver_v up_o unto_o 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so_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a word_n of_o their_o own_o nature_n and_o set_v aside_o from_o that_o sense_n which_o man_n have_v agree_v to_o give_v they_o signify_v nothing_o unless_o it_o be_v such_o a_o inarticulate_a and_o confuse_a noise_n as_o pain_n and_o grief_n cause_v we_o to_o make_v which_o be_v more_o understand_v by_o the_o thing_n we_o suffer_v than_o by_o the_o noise_n we_o utter_v and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n above_o all_o other_o creature_n that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o express_v the_o manifold_a conception_n of_o his_o mind_n unto_o other_o to_o which_o end_n word_n and_o voice_n be_v invent_v we_o do_v not_o deny_v it_o yet_o this_o also_o may_v be_v add_v that_o such_o indication_n be_v not_o make_v by_o word_n only_o but_o by_o beck_n nod_n and_o other_o sign_n make_v by_o the_o eye_n head_n or_o hand_n as_o among_o such_o as_o be_v bear_v dumb_a thus_o pliny_n testify_v of_o the_o aethiopian_n 30._o pliny_n lib._n 6._o cap._n 30._o quibusdam_fw-la pro_fw-la sermone_fw-la nutus_fw-la motusque_fw-la membrorum_fw-la est_fw-la that_o some_o of_o they_o instead_o of_o word_n express_v their_o mind_n by_o various_a motion_n of_o their_o other_o member_n whether_o those_o beck_n or_o other_o motion_n have_v natural_o something_a common_a with_o the_o thing_n signify_v or_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o certain_a signification_n by_o agreement_n only_o consonant_a whereunto_o be_v those_o egyptian_a hieroglyphic_n which_o as_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n say_v signify_v not_o word_n but_o thing_n for_o say_v he_o it_o be_v not_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o letter_n but_o the_o speech_n express_v by_o those_o letter_n that_o do_v oblige_v we_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o be_v agree_v on_o that_o what_o be_v by_o any_o writing_n declare_v shall_v be_v as_o bind_v as_o what_o be_v express_v by_o word_n of_o mouth_n where_o you_o must_v note_v that_o the_o word_n placuit_fw-la be_v very_o emphatical_a as_o show_v that_o that_o which_o give_v such_o force_n and_o validity_n to_o word_n be_v consent_n and_o agreement_n and_o here_o again_o we_o must_v have_v recourse_n unto_o that_o distinction_n which_o we_o make_v use_v of_o to_o take_v away_o all_o ambiguity_n concern_v this_o word_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n for_o we_o then_o say_v that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n signify_v either_o that_o which_o be_v admit_v of_o by_o every_o nation_n without_o mutual_a obligation_n or_o that_o which_o all_o nation_n do_v mutual_o oblige_v themselves_o to_o observe_v now_o voice_n nod_n and_o such_o like_a indication_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v admit_v to_o signify_v thing_n by_o mutual_a obligation_n which_o aristotle_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o agreement_n whereof_o some_o be_v so_o universal_o agree_v on_o to_o signify_v such_o and_o such_o thing_n that_o all_o nation_n be_v oblige_v so_o to_o understand_v they_o which_o can_v be_v so_o general_o understand_v of_o thing_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o do_v or_o use_v other_o act_n or_o thing_n though_o i_o do_v foresee_v that_o another_o man_n will_v conceive_v a_o false_a opinion_n of_o they_o i_o speak_v of_o that_o which_o be_v intrinsic_a and_o not_o of_o that_o which_o be_v accidental_a and_o therefore_o we_o must_v give_v a_o instance_n first_o of_o such_o a_o case_n wherein_o no_o detriment_n at_o all_o ensue_v such_o be_v that_o of_o michal_n when_o she_o deceive_v her_o father_n with_o a_o image_n lay_v in_o stead_n of_o david_n 24.28_o 1_o sam._n 19.16_o luke_n 24.28_o thus_o our_o bless_a saviour_n seem_v to_o his_o two_o disciple_n as_o if_o he_o will_v have_v travel_v beyond_o emaus_n and_o perhaps_o he_o intend_v so_o to_o do_v unless_o they_o do_v importune_v he_o to_o abide_v with_o they_o as_o god_n himself_o be_v say_v to_o will_v many_o thing_n suppositive_o which_o notwithstanding_o come_v not_o to_o pass_v the_o condition_n be_v not_o fulfil_v 6.28_o mark_v 6.28_o and_o christ_n himself_o make_v as_o though_o he_o will_v have_v pass_v by_o his_o apostle_n as_o they_o be_v sail_v on_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v unless_o they_o shall_v earnest_o desire_v he_o to_o come_v up_o into_o their_o ship_n another_o example_n may_v be_v give_v in_o st_n paul_n who_o doubtless_o when_o he_o circumcise_v timothy_n 16.3_o act_n 16.3_o know_v very_o well_o what_o construction_n the_o jew_n will_v make_v of_o it_o namely_o that_o the_o law_n of_o the_o circumcision_n though_o abolish_v by_o christ_n do_v still_o even_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o apostle_n oblige_v the_o child_n of_o israel_n whereas_o st_n paul_n dispense_n with_o this_o error_n propose_v to_o himself_o another_o end_n namely_o that_o through_o that_o mistake_n he_o and_o timothy_n may_v gain_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o more_o free_a and_o friendly_a conversation_n with_o they_o for_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n be_v abolish_v neither_o do_v circumcision_n by_o its_o first_o institution_n any_o long_o signify_v a_o necessity_n of_o keep_v that_o law_n neither_o be_v the_o evil_a of_o that_o error_n which_o from_o thence_o arise_v and_o for_o a_o while_n continue_v though_o afterward_o to_o be_v explode_v so_o great_a as_o be_v that_o good_a which_o paul_n and_o timothy_n then_o aim_v at_o which_o be_v a_o more_o facile_a insinuation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n the_o greek_a father_n do_v usual_o express_v this_o kind_n of_o simulation_n by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v a_o dispensation_n so_o chrysostome_n 4.6_o in_o 1_o cor._n 4.6_o this_o be_v no_o deceit_n nor_o hypocrisy_n but_o a_o compliance_n or_o dispensation_n and_o again_o upon_o that_o of_o st_n paul_n to_o the_o jew_n i_o become_v a_o jew_n etc._n etc._n he_o say_v that_o st._n paul_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v convert_v those_o that_o be_v real_o superstitious_a at_o first_o appear_v unto_o they_o to_o be_v so_o too_o make_v a_o outward_a show_n as_o though_o he_o have_v be_v otherwise_o than_o what_o he_o be_v he_o do_v such_o thing_n as_o they_o do_v but_o not_o with_o the_o same_o purpose_n and_o intention_n as_o they_o do_v and_o this_o be_v his_o meaning_n when_o he_o say_v i_o become_v all_o thing_n to_o all_o man_n that_o i_o may_v save_v some_o 21.12_o 1_o sam._n 21.12_o hither_o also_o we_o may_v refer_v that_o personate_a madness_n of_o king_n david_n in_o the_o court_n of_o achish_n there_o be_v be_v a_o notable_a say_v extant_a of_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n who_o describe_v the_o quality_n of_o a_o good_a man_n say_v that_o some_o thing_n he_o will_v do_v for_o his_o neighbour_n sake_n which_o otherwise_o he_o will_v not_o do_v such_o be_v that_o act_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o when_o their_o city_n be_v besiege_v throw_v great_a quantity_n of_o bread_n from_o the_o capitol_n into_o their_o enemy_n camp_n when_o in_o truth_n they_o have_v but_o little_a to_o spare_v to_o the_o end_n that_o their_o enemy_n despair_v to_o take_v the_o city_n by_o famine_n may_v give_v over_o the_o siege_n another_o example_n of_o such_o a_o simulation_n wherein_o the_o hurt_n or_o detriment_n that_o follow_v set_v aside_o the_o fraud_n be_v lawful_a we_o have_v in_o that_o feign_a flight_n of_o joshua_n before_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o ay_o josh_n 8._o 8._o josh_n 8._o which_o be_v very_o frequent_o practise_v by_o other_o general_n for_o such_o a_o seem_a flight_n be_v questionless_a lawful_a as_o signify_v nothing_o by_o consent_n or_o agreement_n but_o according_a to_o the_o construction_n that_o the_o enemy_n will_v make_v of_o it_o wherein_z if_o they_o be_v deceive_v they_o deceive_v themselves_o and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o make_v use_n of_o our_o enemy_n arm_n colour_n garment_n sail_n and_o the_o like_a whereof_o we_o shall_v read_v in_o all_o history_n for_o all_o these_o thing_n every_o man_n have_v liberty_n to_o make_v use_n of_o though_o contrary_a to_o usual_a custom_n at_o his_o own_o pleasure_n because_o that_o very_a custom_n of_o use_v or_o wear_v such_o or_o such_o a_o colour_n or_o fashion_n be_v in_o every_o man_n particular_a choice_n and_o be_v not_o appropriate_v to_o this_o or_o that_o nation_n by_o common_a consent_n and_o therefore_o oblige_v none_o ix_o whether_o to_o lie_v be_v lawful_a to_o a_o enemy_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o more_o arduous_a controversy_n concern_v those_o note_n or_o sign_n which_o man_n frequent_o use_v in_o their_o commerce_n one_o with_o another_o of_o which_o sort_n the_o most_o proper_a and_o usual_a fraud_n be_v lie_v much_o may_v be_v find_v in_o holy_a writ_n against_o it_o as_o prov._n 13.5_o a_o good_a man_n hate_v lie_v so_o prov._n 30.8_o remove_v from_o i_o all_o falsehood_n and_o lie_n so_o the_o psalmist_n thou_o shall_v
example_n in_o all_o history_n as_o namely_o by_o the_o example_n of_o achilles_n in_o homer_n of_o mago_n and_o turnus_n in_o virgil_n which_o do_v therefore_o stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n to_o justify_v the_o like_a practice_n hereafter_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n for_o st._n augustine_n himself_o commend_v the_o goth_n for_o spare_v suppliant_n 2._o de_fw-fr civit._n dei_fw-la c._n 2._o and_o such_o as_o flee_v unto_o temple_n for_o protection_n yet_o say_v that_o which_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n they_o may_v do_v they_o think_v unlawful_a for_o they_o to_o do_v neither_o be_v they_o always_o receive_v to_o mercy_n that_o beg_v it_o witness_v the_o grecian_n that_o side_v with_o the_o persian_n against_o alexander_n at_o that_o great_a battle_n fight_v at_o the_o river_n granicum_fw-la 12._o ann._n 12._o and_o the_o uspense_v in_o tacitus_n who_o crave_v leave_n but_o to_o depart_v their_o city_n with_o their_o body_n free_a be_v reject_v by_o the_o conqueror_n because_o it_o will_v have_v be_v think_v cruelty_n to_o have_v kill_v they_o in_o cold_a blood_n after_o they_o have_v yield_v themselves_o and_o hard_o to_o keep_v a_o guard_n upon_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n therefore_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o let_v they_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n observe_v here_o also_o the_o right_n of_o war._n xii_o yea_o and_o to_o such_o as_o yield_v without_o condition_n neither_o do_v they_o always_o find_v mercy_n that_o surrender_v themselves_o without_o any_o condition_n at_o all_o but_o even_o these_o be_v sometime_o put_v to_o death_n as_o the_o prince_n of_o pomeria_fw-la be_v by_o the_o roman_n the_o samnite_n by_o sylla_n the_o numidian_n yea_o and_o vercingentoriges_n himself_o by_o caesar_n nay_o it_o be_v almost_o the_o perpetual_a practice_n of_o the_o roman_a general_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o their_o triumph_n 1._o dion_n 45._o livy_n 2._o cicero_n in_o ver._n 5._o livy_n lib._n 28._o annal._n 1._o to_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o captain_n and_o other_o commander_n whether_o they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n during_o the_o war_n or_o have_v yield_v themselves_o as_o cicero_n in_o form_n we_o in_o his_o five_o oration_n against_o verres_n which_o both_o livy_n and_o tacitus_n confirm_v nay_o the_o same_o tacitus_n record_v it_o of_o galba_n that_o he_o cause_v the_o ten_o man_n to_o be_v kill_v of_o those_o who_o upon_o submission_n he_o have_v receive_v to_o mercy_n and_o caecina_n upon_o the_o surrender_n of_o aventicum_n cause_v julius_n alpinus_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o be_v the_o principal_a instigator_n of_o the_o war_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o citizen_n he_o leave_v to_o either_o the_o mercy_n or_o the_o severity_n of_o vitellius_n xiii_o this_o right_a not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o other_o cause_n it_o be_v the_o usual_a custom_n of_o historian_n to_o ascribe_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o cruelty_n and_o outrage_n against_o captive_n or_o suppliant_n either_o to_o the_o like_a cruelty_n do_v by_o they_o unto_o other_o or_o to_o their_o obstinacy_n in_o resist_v they_o but_o these_o be_v rather_o pretence_n than_o just_a cause_n for_o retaliation_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v not_o to_o be_v execute_v but_o upon_o the_o same_o person_n that_o offend_v as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v where_o we_o discourse_v concern_v the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n but_o contrariwise_o in_o war_n this_o right_n of_o retaliation_n be_v often_o exercise_v on_o those_o who_o be_v in_o no_o measure_n guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n for_o which_o they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v punish_v this_o custom_n be_v thus_o describe_v by_o diodorus_n siculus_n the_o chance_n of_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n equal_a neither_o party_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o this_o that_o in_o case_n they_o be_v vanquish_v what_o they_o intend_v to_o do_v against_o their_o enemy_n have_v they_o be_v victor_n that_o they_o must_v be_v content_v to_o suffer_v from_o they_o thus_o do_v philomelus_n the_o phocensian_a general_n persuade_v his_o enemy_n to_o refrain_v from_o a_o proud_a and_o insolent_a revenge_n by_o threaten_v to_o exact_v the_o like_a in_o case_n the_o victory_n fall_v on_o his_o side_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o pretence_n which_o be_v usual_o plead_v namely_o a_o obstinate_a endeavour_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o party_n 1._o goth._n l._n 1._o it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v punishable_a as_o a_o crime_n as_o the_o neapolitan_n allege_v to_o belisarius_n in_o procopius_n that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a discipline_n it_o be_v ever_o account_v a_o capital_a crime_n to_o do_v otherwise_o especial_o if_o we_o be_v engage_v therein_o either_o by_o some_o natural_a obligation_n or_o by_o a_o honest_a and_o deliberate_a choice_n for_o in_o these_o case_n they_o seldom_o admit_v of_o any_o excuse_n be_v the_o fear_n or_o danger_n never_o so_o great_a 24._o polyb._n l._n 1._o &_o 5._o liv._o lib._n 24._o praesidio_fw-la decedere_fw-la apud_fw-la romanos_fw-la capital_fw-it est_fw-la to_o desert_n a_o garrison_n say_v livy_n be_v ever_o account_v among_o the_o roman_n a_o capital_a crime_n every_o man_n therefore_o may_v make_v use_n of_o this_o rigour_n and_o severity_n so_o far_o as_o he_o see_v it_o may_v conduce_v to_o his_o own_o advantage_n and_o be_v therein_o justify_v before_o man_n by_o that_o common_a right_n and_o licence_n of_o nation_n whereof_o we_o here_o treat_v fourteen_o it_o extend_v also_o to_o hostage_n this_o right_a or_o licence_n do_v sometime_o extend_v itself_o to_o hostage_n and_o that_o not_o only_o to_o those_o who_o voluntary_o give_v themselves_o as_o pledge_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o article_n agree_v upon_o but_o unto_o those_o also_o who_o be_v deliver_v up_o by_o other_o thus_o we_o read_v of_o two_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o hostage_n slay_v by_o the_o thessalian_n and_o of_o three_o hundred_o slay_v by_o the_o roman_n 4._o plut._n de_fw-fr claris_fw-la mulierib_n diony_n 16._o tac._n an._n 12._o 1_o mac._n 13.17_o hist_o 4._o where_o also_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o sometime_o child_n be_v admit_v as_o hostage_n as_o by_o the_o example_n of_o simon_n the_o maccabite_n we_o may_v learn_v and_o sometime_o woman_n as_o by_o the_o roman_n in_o the_o time_n of_o porsenna_n and_o by_o the_o german_n in_o tacitus_n xv._o to_o kill_v by_o poison_n unlawful_a as_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n tolerate_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n in_o this_o sense_n that_o we_o now_o speak_v of_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prohibit_v so_o be_v there_o many_o thing_n forbid_v by_o the_o former_a which_o by_o the_o latter_a be_v tolerate_v for_o if_o we_o respect_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o if_o a_o man_n have_v deserve_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n it_o matter_n not_o much_o whether_o it_o be_v by_o the_o sword_n or_o by_o poison_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i_o say_v though_o otherwise_o it_o be_v far_o more_o noble_a so_o to_o invade_v another_o man_n life_n as_o to_o give_v he_o a_o equal_a power_n to_o defend_v himself_o but_o this_o be_v not_o due_a unto_o every_o man_n that_o have_v deserve_v to_o die_v but_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n if_o not_o of_o all_o yet_o of_o the_o great_a and_o better_a part_n of_o they_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n no_o not_o of_o a_o enemy_n by_o poison_n which_o custom_n be_v introduce_v for_o a_o general_a good_a lest_o danger_n which_o be_v too_o rife_a and_o frequent_a in_o war_n shall_v be_v beyond_o all_o measure_n multiply_v and_o very_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o this_o law_n be_v first_o enact_v by_o king_n and_o emperor_n who_o life_n as_o they_o be_v principal_o guard_v by_o arm_n so_o be_v they_o most_o easy_o endanger_v by_o poison_n be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o sear_n of_o infamy_n 42._o lib._n 42._o this_o livy_n call_v a_o clandestine_v villainy_n speak_v of_o pyrrhus_n and_o claudian_n concern_v the_o design_n of_o pyrrhus_n physician_n who_o offer_v fabritius_n to_o poison_v he_o call_v it_o a_o detestable_a act_n 3._o offic._n l._n 3._o not_o fit_a to_o be_v speak_v so_o do_v cicero_n glance_v at_o the_o same_o story_n which_o offer_v of_o the_o physician_n the_o consul_n not_o only_o reject_v but_o discover_v unto_o pyrrhus_n not_o so_o much_o for_o his_o sake_n as_o to_o prevent_v the_o reproach_n and_o scandal_n that_o may_v ensue_v to_o themselves_o lest_o it_o shall_v be_v say_v of_o they_o that_o who_o they_o can_v not_o conquer_v by_o true_a valour_n they_o have_v by_o treachery_n destroy_v pyrrhi_n plut._n vit_fw-mi pyrrhi_n or_o as_o aulus_n gellius_n recite_v the_o epistle_n of_o the_o consul_n out_o of_o claudius_n quadrigarius_n communis_fw-la exempli_fw-la &_o fidei_fw-la ergo_fw-la visum_fw-la est_fw-la we_o think_v it_o
nothing_o that_o be_v any_o where_n that_o be_v among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v civilise_a repute_v sacred_a shall_v be_v by_o they_o profane_v or_o violate_v diodorus_n siculus_n complain_v against_o agathocles_n his_o soldier_n that_o they_o abstain_v not_o from_o that_o foul_a sin_n of_o ravishment_n the_o like_a do_v appian_n in_o his_o mithridatick_a war_n concern_v the_o captive_n take_v in_o chius_n that_o both_o woman_n and_o child_n be_v barbarous_o ravish_v by_o those_o that_o lead_v they_o away_o prisoner_n aelian_a speak_v of_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o sicyonian_o be_v conqueror_n in_o ravish_v the_o pellenaean_a virgin_n and_o matron_n cry_v out_o thus_o these_o by_o the_o god_n of_o greece_n be_v such_o act_n of_o cruelty_n and_o inhumanity_n as_o be_v never_o to_o my_o remembrance_n allow_v of_o by_o the_o very_a barbarian_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o this_o shall_v be_v general_o observe_v among_o the_o christian_n not_o only_o as_o a_o part_n of_o our_o military_a discipline_n but_o as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n namely_o that_o he_o that_o shall_v forcible_o abuse_v a_o woman_n though_o in_o the_o war_n shall_v every_o where_o be_v punishable_a belisarius_n always_o observe_v this_o rule_n so_o do_v totilas_n when_o he_o have_v take_v cumae_n 3._o goth._n lib._n 3._o and_o at_o rome_n also_o as_o procopius_n leave_v it_o upon_o record_n neither_o do_v the_o hebrew_n law_n suffer_v this_o wickedness_n to_o go_v unpunished_a as_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o so_o provide_v for_o a_o virgin_n take_v captive_a that_o he_o that_o take_v she_o may_v marry_v she_o and_o if_o afterward_o he_o like_v she_o not_o he_o may_v dismiss_v she_o but_o not_o sell_v she_o thou_o shall_v not_o take_v money_n for_o she_o because_o thou_o have_v humble_v she_o say_v the_o law_n bacchai_n bacchai_n deut._n 21.12_o upon_o which_o word_n one_o of_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n thus_o gloss_v god_n will_v have_v the_o camp_n of_o israel_n to_o be_v holy_a and_o not_o like_o the_o camp_n of_o the_o gentile_n pollute_v with_o whoredom_n app._n contra_fw-la app._n and_o such_o like_a abomination_n josephus_n likewise_o high_o extol_v the_o jewish_a law_n for_o its_o care_n of_o prisoner_n take_v in_o the_o war_n to_o preserve_v they_o from_o shame_n and_o reproach_n especial_o of_o woman_n arrianus_n high_o commend_v that_o fact_n of_o alexander_n who_o be_v take_v with_o roxana_n beauty_n refuse_v to_o abuse_v she_o as_o his_o captive_n but_o do_v she_o the_o honour_n to_o marry_v she_o so_o do_v plutarch_n also_o he_o disdain_v to_o force_v she_o as_o a_o conqueror_n but_o wed_v she_o as_o a_o philosopher_n the_o same_o plutarch_n relate_v it_o of_o one_o torquatus_n that_o he_o be_v banish_v by_o the_o roman_n into_o the_o isle_n of_o corsica_n for_o force_v a_o virgin_n who_o he_o have_v take_v captive_a but_o cosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n be_v more_o severe_a for_o he_o cause_v one_o that_o have_v ravish_v a_o young_a maid_n to_o be_v crucify_a as_o procopius_n inform_v we_o in_o the_o second_o of_o his_o persian_a war_n chap._n v._o of_o spoil_n and_o rapine_n commit_v in_o war._n i._o that_o the_o good_n of_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v spoil_v or_o take_v away_o ii_o even_o those_o that_o be_v sacred_a which_o how_o to_o be_v understand_v iii_o yea_o and_o those_o that_o be_v religious_a where_o some_o caution_n be_v add_v iv_o how_o far_o forth_o fraud_n may_v be_v use_v in_o this_o case_n i._o that_o the_o enemy_n good_n may_v be_v waste_v and_o take_v away_o cicero_n in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o office_n give_v this_o rule_n non_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la spoliare_fw-la eum_fw-la quem_fw-la honestum_fw-la est_fw-la necare_fw-la it_o be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o spoil_v and_o plunder_v he_o who_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v it_o be_v not_o then_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o that_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n permit_v the_o spoil_n and_o devastation_n of_o a_o enemy_n land_n and_o good_n see_v that_o it_o permit_v he_o to_o be_v kill_v polybius_n tell_v we_o 5._o we_o lib._n 5._o that_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n it_o be_v lawful_a either_o to_o take_v away_o or_o to_o destroy_v the_o fort_n port_n city_n subject_n ship_n corn_n cattle_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o in_o livy_n we_o read_v that_o there_o be_v certain_a right_n in_o war_n which_o as_o we_o may_v safe_o do_v unto_o a_o enemy_n so_o we_o must_v with_o patience_n suffer_v from_o they_o such_o be_v the_o burn_a of_o our_o corn_n the_o pull_v down_o of_o our_o house_n the_o take_v away_o of_o our_o man_n and_o beast_n he_o that_o be_v verse_v in_o history_n will_v find_v almost_o every_o page_n fill_v with_o these_o dreadful_a effect_n of_o war_n the_o demolish_n of_o city_n the_o raze_n and_o throw_v down_o their_o wall_n the_o spoil_n and_o lay_v waist_n of_o the_o enemy_n country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n yea_o and_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o all_o these_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v though_o the_o enemy_n do_v voluntary_o surrender_v themselves_o the_o townsman_n say_v tacitus_n set_v open_v their_o gate_n of_o their_o own_o accord_n and_o submit_v themselves_o and_o all_o they_o have_v to_o the_o roman_n whereby_o they_o save_v themselves_o but_o the_o roman_n burn_v the_o city_n artaxata_n and_o lay_v it_o level_n with_o the_o ground_n because_o they_o can_v neither_o keep_v it_o with_o safety_n nor_o leave_v it_o with_o honour_n ii_o though_o consecrate_a neither_o be_v thing_n sacred_a that_o be_v consecrate_v to_o any_o one_o or_o more_o god_n exempt_v from_o these_o outrages_a of_o war_n mere_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n set_v aside_o the_o consideration_n of_o other_o duty_n for_o cum_fw-la loca_fw-la capta_fw-la sunt_fw-la ab_fw-la hostibus_fw-la omne_fw-la desinunt_fw-la esse_fw-la sacra_fw-la as_o soon_o as_o any_o place_n be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n every_o thing_n in_o it_o cease_v to_o be_v sacred_a say_v pomponius_n and_o so_o say_v cicero_n sacra_fw-la syracusarum_fw-la victoria_fw-la profana_fw-la fecerat_fw-la the_o victory_n make_v all_o the_o sacred_a thing_n in_o syracuse_n profane_a tertullian_n in_o his_o apologetick_n confess_v that_o war_n and_o victory_n can_v consist_v without_o the_o subversion_n of_o city_n which_o also_o can_v happen_v without_o some_o injury_n do_v to_o their_o tutelar_a go_n for_o temple_n undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n that_o their_o city_n do_v and_o their_o priest_n have_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o public_a calamity_n as_o other_o citizen_n neither_o do_v their_o consecrate_a vessel_n escape_v better_a than_o their_o profane_a tot_o sacrilegia_fw-la romanorum_fw-la quot_fw-la trophaea_fw-la tot_fw-la de_fw-la diis_fw-la quot_fw-la de_fw-la gentibus_fw-la triumphi_fw-la look_v how_o many_o victory_n the_o roman_n have_v so_o many_o sacrilege_n they_o commit_v and_o as_o often_o as_o they_o conquer_v their_o enemy_n they_o spoil_v and_o rifle_v their_o go_n the_o cause_n whereof_o be_v this_o because_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v sacred_a be_v not_o in_o truth_n exempt_v from_o humane_a use_n but_o be_v make_v public_a as_o marsilius_n patavinus_n observe_v in_o his_o defence_n of_o peace_n but_o they_o be_v call_v sacred_a 2._o chap._n 5._o §._o 2._o from_o the_o end_n whereunto_o they_o be_v destine_v which_o appear_v by_o this_o that_o when_o any_o people_n give_v themselves_o up_o to_o another_o people_n or_o to_o any_o king_n they_o deliver_v up_o that_o also_o which_o be_v call_v sacred_a as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o usual_a form_n in_o livy_n we_o the_o people_n of_o campania_n do_v deliver_v up_o into_o your_o power_n and_o possession_n o_o father_n conscript_n our_o city_n capua_n our_o field_n the_o temple_n of_o our_o god_n together_o with_o all_o that_o we_o have_v whether_o humane_a or_o divine_a the_o like_a we_o read_v in_o plautus_n his_o amphitryo_n and_o therefore_o as_o ulpian_n conclude_v there_o be_v a_o public_a right_n even_o in_o thing_n that_o be_v sacred_a and_o pansanias_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o custom_n common_a as_o well_o with_o the_o grecian_n as_o barbarian_n that_o thing_n sacred_a shall_v be_v dispose_v of_o at_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o the_o conqueror_n so_o when_o troy_n be_v take_v the_o image_n of_o jupiter_n hercaeus_fw-la be_v give_v to_o sthenelus_n and_o many_o other_o example_n he_o there_o bring_v and_o thucydides_n confirm_v this_o say_v that_o it_o be_v a_o law_n among_o the_o grecian_n 4._o lib._n 4._o that_o look_v who_o the_o empire_n be_v of_o any_o city_n or_o country_n whether_o great_a or_o small_a they_o also_o be_v the_o temple_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o tacitus_n where_o he_o say_v 12._o annal._n l._n 12._o that_o all_o the_o
ceremony_n temple_n and_o image_n that_o be_v in_o any_o of_o the_o city_n of_o italy_n be_v at_o the_o dispose_n and_o under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_n wherefore_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o people_n themselves_o change_v their_o mind_n may_v make_v any_o thing_n profane_a that_o be_v holy_a and_o this_o be_v not_o obscure_o prove_v by_o those_o great_a lawyer_n paulus_n and_o venulejus_n we_o may_v also_o observe_v that_o in_o time_n of_o war_n and_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n those_o thing_n which_o have_v be_v consecrate_v have_v by_o those_o that_o consecrate_v they_o be_v convert_v to_o use_n of_o war_n as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o syracusian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o timoleon_n as_o plutarch_n testify_v so_o the_o chii_n raise_v the_o tribute_n impose_v on_o they_o by_o mithridates_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o the_o consecrate_a vessel_n of_o the_o temple_n mithrid_n bell._n mithrid_n as_o appian_n testify_v pliny_n speak_v of_o portius_n cato_n tell_v we_o that_o he_o suffer_v the_o consecrate_a tree_n and_o grove_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o have_v first_o offer_v sacrifice_n silvius_n in_o his_o war_n against_o mithridates_n rob_v the_o temple_n at_o delphos_n of_o those_o rich_a present_n send_v thither_o by_o olympia_n and_o epidaurus_n as_o it_o be_v story_v in_o plutarch_n the_o just_a price_n whereof_o he_o afterward_o restore_v as_o diodorus_n inform_v we_o augustus_n we_o read_v borrow_v all_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o temple_n in_o a_o time_n of_o necessity_n as_o appian_n write_v and_o agapetus_n pawn_v all_o the_o consecrate_a vessel_n as_o cassiodore_n relate_v the_o emperor_n heraclius_n in_o his_o great_a necessity_n turn_v all_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o church_n into_o money_n the_o price_n whereof_o he_o afterward_o restore_v as_o theophanes_n write_v the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o pericles_n but_o with_o a_o promise_n of_o restitution_n by_o mago_n in_o spain_n by_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o war_n against_o mithridates_n by_o silvius_n pompey_n caesar_n and_o many_o other_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o sacred_a so_o holy_a as_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v consecrate_a to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o god_n say_v tiberius_n gracchus_n in_o plutarch_n and_o yet_o there_o be_v none_o that_o can_v hinder_v the_o people_n from_o use_v they_o or_o remove_v they_o as_o they_o please_v our_o church_n 7._o contr._n in_o excerptis_fw-la 4._o 4._o eclog._n 7._o say_v seneca_n be_v sometime_o spoil_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o pubiick_n and_o what_o be_v give_v to_o the_o god_n we_o often_o take_v to_o pay_v our_o soldier_n whence_o servius_n upon_o virgil_n tell_v we_o that_o whatsoever_o be_v give_v to_o the_o god_n be_v so_o long_o holy_a as_o it_o continue_v unprofaned_a and_o therefore_o trebatius_n the_o lawyer_n in_o caesar_n time_n say_v that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v profane_a which_o be_v take_v from_o a_o holy_a and_o religious_a use_n and_o convert_v to_o the_o use_n of_o private_a man_n thus_o germanicus_n have_v conquer_v the_o marsian_o destroy_v all_o thing_n both_o sacred_a and_o profane_a level_v with_o the_o ground_n that_o temple_n so_o famous_a among_o those_o nation_n call_v tanfanae_n 8._o lib._n 8._o as_o tacitus_n relate_v it_o it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o pausanias_n that_o whatsoever_o be_v consecrate_a to_o the_o god_n 3_o verr._n 3_o be_v lawful_a prize_n to_o the_o conqueror_n and_o cicero_n speak_v of_o publius_n servilius_n say_v that_o the_o image_n and_o other_o ornament_n of_o the_o enemy_n city_n which_o by_o force_n and_o valour_n he_o have_v conquer_v he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n and_o by_o the_o right_n of_o conquest_n take_v and_o carry_v away_o so_o plutarch_n speak_v of_o fabius_n say_v that_o the_o image_n of_o hercules_n which_o he_o take_v at_o tarentum_n he_o send_v to_o be_v place_v in_o the_o capitol_n at_o rome_n leave_v the_o rest_n of_o their_o god_n as_o enrage_v against_o the_o tarentines_n so_o also_o livy_n concern_v the_o ornament_n take_v out_o of_o the_o temple_n at_o syracuse_n by_o marcellus_n and_o bring_v to_o rome_n say_v that_o they_o be_v parta_fw-la jure_fw-la belli_n get_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war._n thus_o fulvius_n also_o in_o his_o oration_n call_v the_o spoiling_n of_o temple_n the_o right_n of_o war._n the_o like_a we_o read_v in_o sallust_n of_o cato_n who_o recount_v the_o misery_n that_o usual_o befall_v the_o conquer_a bring_v in_o this_o among_o other_o the_o rob_n of_o their_o church_n but_o yet_o in_o case_n it_o be_v believe_v that_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o a_o deity_n in_o this_o or_o that_o image_n then_o to_o break_v it_o to_o spoil_v or_o deface_v it_o be_v in_o they_o that_o be_v of_o that_o persuasion_n great_a impiety_n and_o upon_o this_o presumption_n that_o both_o party_n agree_v in_o this_o belief_n it_o be_v that_o they_o that_o commit_v such_o robbery_n be_v so_o often_o brand_v with_o impiety_n and_o accuse_v for_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o in_o case_n the_o enemy_n be_v of_o another_o persuasion_n than_o it_o be_v otherwise_o as_o to_o the_o jew_n it_o be_v not_o only_o permit_v but_o command_v 7.5_o deut._n 7.5_o that_o they_o shall_v utter_o abolish_v the_o idol_n of_o the_o gentile_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o assume_v they_o to_o themselves_o the_o reason_n be_v to_o instill_v into_o they_o the_o great_a detestation_n of_o their_o superstition_n by_o beget_v this_o conceit_n in_o they_o that_o the_o very_a touch_v of_o they_o be_v not_o without_o pollution_n and_o not_o that_o what_o be_v consecrate_v to_o strange_a god_n be_v to_o be_v spare_v app._n antiq._n lib._n 4._o cap._n 8._o &_o lib._n 2._o contr._n app._n as_o josephus_n seem_v to_o expound_v it_o therein_o doubtless_o flatter_v the_o roman_n no_o less_o than_o in_o the_o exposition_n of_o another_o precept_n namely_o of_o not_o name_v the_o god_n of_o the_o gentile_n which_o he_o so_o interpret_v as_o if_o it_o be_v therefore_o prohibit_v to_o name_v they_o lest_o they_o shall_v reproach_v they_o whereas_o their_o law_n do_v express_o forbid_v to_o name_v they_o with_o any_o honour_n or_o reverence_n nay_o without_o some_o show_n of_o detestation_n for_o the_o hebrew_n most_o assure_o know_v that_o in_o those_o image_n there_o be_v nothing_o sacred_a neither_o angel_n nor_o spirit_n nor_o any_o virtue_n of_o the_o star_n as_o the_o gentile_n dream_v unless_o they_o be_v such_o evil_a spirit_n as_o be_v usual_o destructive_a to_o mankind_n and_o therefore_o as_o tacitus_n right_o observe_v in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o manner_n and_o institutes_n of_o the_o jew_n profana_fw-la illis_fw-la omne_fw-la quae_fw-la apud_fw-la nos_fw-la sacra_fw-la all_o thing_n that_o be_v holy_a to_o we_o be_v unto_o they_o profane_a it_o be_v no_o wonder_n then_o that_o we_o read_v of_o so_o many_o idol_n temple_n burn_v by_o the_o macchabee_n destruction_n that_o nabuchadnezzar_n shall_v sack_v the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admire_v but_o for_o joaz_n though_o a_o idolater_n yet_o one_o that_o acknowledge_v the_o eternal_a true_a god_n and_o that_o have_v worship_v he_o that_o be_v lord_n of_o the_o temple_n that_o he_o i_o say_v shall_v lay_v his_o hand_n on_o the_o consecrate_a vessel_n and_o call_v the_o family_n of_o obed-edom_n who_o child_n have_v the_o hereditary_a charge_n of_o its_o treasure_n to_o a_o strict_a account_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v officer_n of_o his_o own_o exchequer_n this_o be_v a_o execrable_a sin_n which_o hasten_v his_o destruction_n 1_o mac._n 5._o and_o 10._o xerxes_n when_o he_o demolish_v all_o the_o idol_n of_o the_o grecian_n do_v nothing_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n though_o all_o their_o historian_n do_v bitter_o inveigh_v against_o he_o for_o the_o persian_n can_v not_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v any_o divinity_n in_o they_o because_o they_o adore_v the_o sun_n only_o as_o god_n and_o the_o fire_n as_o a_o spark_n or_o ray_n of_o the_o 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there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n for_o good_n as_o there_o be_v for_o person_n whereby_o we_o way_n easy_o conclude_v that_o in_o some_o place_n thing_n take_v in_o war_n be_v present_o say_v to_o be_v his_o or_o they_o that_o take_v they_o that_o be_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o continue_v in_o their_o possession_n for_o such_o a_o time_n whence_o it_o seem_v to_o follow_v that_o at_o sea_n ship_n and_o other_o good_n be_v then_o say_v to_o be_v take_v when_o they_o be_v carry_v into_o our_o enemy_n harbour_n or_o to_o such_o a_o place_n where_o their_o whole_a navy_n ride_v for_o than_o their_o remain_v no_o hope_n of_o recovery_n but_o by_o a_o late_a law_n of_o nation_n especial_o of_o these_o of_o europe_n it_o be_v thus_o judge_v namely_o if_o the_o thing_n take_v continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o enemy_n twenty_o four_o hour_n then_o be_v they_o account_v for_o lose_v iv_o when_o land_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o land_n for_o they_o be_v not_o 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so_o dangerous_a a_o consequence_n that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v large_o interpret_v vi_o concern_v good_n sound_v in_o a_o enemy_n ship_n wherefore_o that_o which_o be_v common_o say_v that_o good_n find_v in_o the_o ship_n of_o our_o enemy_n be_v adjudge_v to_o be_v the_o enemy_n good_n and_o consequent_o be_v lawful_a prize_n be_v not_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o though_o it_o be_v a_o certain_a law_n make_v by_o the_o right_n of_o nation_n but_o because_o it_o give_v occasion_n to_o a_o very_a great_a presumption_n that_o they_o be_v so_o which_o notwithstanding_o by_o pregnant_a and_o evident_a proof_n to_o the_o contrary_n may_v be_v dash_v and_o so_o it_o be_v long_o since_o adjudge_v in_o holland_n in_o a_o full_a senate_n during_o the_o war_n with_o the_o hans-town_n in_o the_o year_n 1338._o and_o from_o thence_o have_v since_o past_a into_o a_o law_n neither_o be_v the_o ship_n of_o our_o confederate_n forfeit_v though_o the_o good_n in_o they_o be_v a_o enemy_n unless_o it_o be_v so_o agree_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n of_o france_n as_o i_o suppose_v to_o be_v understand_v which_o adjudge_v the_o good_n lawful_a prize_n if_o the_o ship_n be_v so_o and_o the_o ship_n lawful_a prize_n if_o the_o good_n be_v so_o but_o otherwise_o the_o good_n only_o be_v prize_n but_o not_o the_o ship_n so_o in_o the_o war_n between_o the_o venetian_n and_o the_o genoese_a the_o ship_n of_o the_o grecian_n be_v search_v those_o enemy_n that_o lay_v hide_v in_o they_o be_v take_v and_o make_v prisoner_n 9_o greg._n l._n 9_o vii_o thing_n take_v from_o our_o enemy_n be_v we_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n though_o they_o take_v they_o from_o other_o this_o also_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o if_o we_o look_v no_o far_o than_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n whatsoever_o be_v take_v by_o war_n from_o our_o enemy_n can_v just_o be_v claim_v by_o those_o from_o who_o those_o enemy_n win_v it_o by_o the_o 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be_v usual_o adjudge_v against_o enemy_n rom._n vit._n rom._n this_o plutarch_n relate_v to_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o vejans_n who_o demand_v of_o the_o roman_n the_o city_n fidonae_n as_o ancient_o belong_v unto_o they_o which_o demand_n be_v not_o think_v by_o the_o roman_n to_o be_v unjust_a only_o but_o ridiculous_a to_o wit_n that_o they_o who_o will_v not_o aid_v and_o assist_v the_o fidenates_n whilst_o they_o be_v contend_v against_o the_o roman_n and_o in_o great_a danger_n but_o suffer_v the_o citizen_n thereof_o to_o be_v destroy_v shall_v now_o lay_v claim_n to_o their_o house_n and_o land_n when_o the_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o roman_n by_o the_o right_n of_o
cum_fw-la pauca_fw-la aliis_fw-la sibi_fw-la multa_fw-la tenebat_fw-la from_o which_o city_n achilles_n bring_v to_o agamemnon_n all_o the_o rich_a plunder_v which_o he_o divide_v distribute_v some_o few_o thing_n for_o other_o but_o reserve_v the_o great_a part_n to_o himself_o for_o here_o we_o look_v at_o agamemnon_n partly_o as_o he_o be_v at_o that_o time_n prince_n of_o all_o greece_n and_o so_o represent_v the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n by_o which_o right_a he_o divide_v the_o spoil_n but_o with_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o his_o council_n and_o partly_o as_o a_o general_n and_o so_o out_o of_o that_o which_o be_v public_a he_o claim_v a_o great_a share_n than_o other_o to_o himself_o and_o therefore_o achilles_n thus_o bespeak_v agamemnon_n nam_fw-la neque_fw-la i_o tecum_fw-la praedae_fw-la pars_fw-la aequa_fw-la sequetur_fw-la si_fw-la danaûm_fw-la virtus_fw-la trojanum_fw-la everterit_fw-la urbem_fw-la my_o part_n of_o the_o prey_n with_o thou_o must_v not_o compare_v though_o by_o our_o valour_n troy_n subvert_v be_v and_o so_o in_o another_o place_n agamemnon_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o council_n offer_v unto_o achilles_n a_o ship_n lade_v with_o brass_n and_o gold_n with_o twenty_o woman_n which_o he_o may_v take_v first_o out_o of_o the_o spoil_n troy_n be_v take_v virgil_n speak_v of_o king_n priamus_n palace_n say_v custodes_fw-la lecti_fw-la phoenix_n &_o dirus_fw-la ulysses_n praedam_fw-la asservabant_fw-la huc_fw-la undique_fw-la troïa_n gaza_fw-la incensis_fw-la erepta_fw-la adytis_fw-la mensaeque_fw-la deorum_fw-la craterésque_fw-la auro_fw-la solidi_fw-la captiuáque_fw-la vestis_fw-la congeritur_fw-la 2._o aen._n l._n 2._o there_o phoenix_n and_o ulysses_n guard_v the_o spoil_n and_o from_o all_o part_n troy_n precious_a thing_n do_v pile_n snatch_v from_o burn_a temple_n and_o from_o altar_n rare_a goblet_n of_o gold_n and_o sacred_a vestment_n be_v thus_o we_o read_v lysand_n plut._n aristid_n herod_n l._n 9_o plut._n lysand_n that_o in_o after_o age_n aristides_n preserve_v the_o spoil_n at_o marathon_n entire_a and_o after_o the_o battle_n at_o plataeae_n it_o be_v severe_o forbid_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v presume_v to_o take_v to_o himself_o any_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n afterward_o the_o spoil_n be_v preserve_v and_o distribute_v among_o the_o people_n according_a to_o each_o man_n desert_n after_o this_o when_o athens_n be_v conquer_v lysander_n cause_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o city_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o open_a market_n and_o the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v public_a officer_n who_o be_v appoint_v to_o make_v portsale_n of_o all_o their_o prize_n take_v in_o the_o war._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d if_o we_o look_v into_o asia_n virgil_n will_v inform_v we_o that_o the_o trojan_n be_v wont_a to_o divide_v the_o spoil_n by_o lot_n as_o be_v usual_a where_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a be_v to_o be_v divide_v among_o many_o 10._o homer_n iliad_n 10._o in_o other_o place_n the_o spoil_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o general_n by_o which_o right_a hector_n at_o the_o special_a instance_n of_o dodonis_n promise_v to_o give_v he_o achilles_n horse_n whereby_o we_o may_v understand_v that_o this_o right_n of_o gain_v propriety_n be_v not_o always_o in_o the_o bare_a take_n of_o the_o thing_n 3._o pliny_n lib._n 23._o c._n 3._o so_o the_o spoil_n take_v in_o asia_n be_v bring_v to_o cyrus_n the_o conqueror_n and_o not_o distribute_v but_o by_o his_o order_n who_o whole_a care_n be_v to_o choose_v out_o such_o thing_n to_o offer_v unto_o the_o god_n as_o the_o magi_n think_v most_o acceptable_a to_o they_o if_o we_o look_v into_o africa_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o same_o custom_n there_o 23._o plut._n alex._n curt._n diod._n l._n 17._o strab._n 15._o greg._n turon_n l._n 2._o c._n 27._o aen._n l._n 3._o servius_n liv._o l._n 23._o so_o whatsoever_o be_v take_v at_o agrigentum_n or_o in_o the_o fight_n at_o cannae_n or_o in_o other_o place_n be_v send_v unto_o carthage_n among_o the_o ancient_a franc_n whatsoever_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v divide_v by_o lot_n neither_o have_v the_o king_n himself_o any_o other_o share_n than_o what_o fall_v to_o he_o captivi_fw-la &_o praedae_fw-la inter_fw-la victores_fw-la sort_n dividebantur_fw-la the_o conqueror_n divide_v by_o lot_n both_o the_o captive_n and_o the_o spoil_n say_v servius_n upon_o virgil._n but_o look_v how_o much_o more_o excellent_a the_o roman_n be_v than_o other_o nation_n in_o military_a discipline_n so_o much_o the_o more_o worthy_a they_o be_v of_o our_o imitation_n dionysius_n halicarnassensis_n a_o most_o exact_a observer_n of_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n thus_o instruct_v we_o in_o this_o case_n whatsoever_o be_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n by_o valour_n in_o war_n be_v decree_v by_o the_o law_n to_o be_v public_a so_o that_o not_o only_o the_o private_a soldier_n be_v forbid_v to_o claim_v any_o propriety_n in_o it_o but_o even_o the_o general_n himself_o can_v claim_v no_o interest_n therein_o but_o the_o quaestor_n receive_v it_o and_o in_o a_o open_a market_n expose_v it_o to_o sale_n these_o be_v the_o very_a word_n of_o those_o that_o undertake_v to_o accuse_v coriolanus_n to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n which_o word_n though_o true_a yet_o smell_v too_o rank_o of_o envy_n and_o distraction_n xv._o yet_o be_v some_o power_n herein_o always_o grant_v to_o the_o general_n for_o that_o the_o people_n be_v the_o right_a owner_n of_o the_o spoil_n be_v most_o true_a as_o simler_n testify_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o swisser_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v as_o true_a that_o the_o power_n of_o dispose_v thereof_o be_v allow_v in_o every_o free_a state_n to_o the_o general_n yet_o so_o that_o he_o be_v to_o render_v a_o account_n thereof_o unto_o the_o people_n polybius_n concern_v l._n aemilius_n paulus_n testify_v thus_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o have_v it_o thereby_o in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n at_o his_o pleasure_n he_o yet_o covet_v nothing_o 37._o liv._o l._n 37._o so_o do_v livy_n concern_v the_o same_o aemilius_n it_o be_v in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o general_n to_o destroy_v those_o city_n that_o be_v take_v by_o the_o sword_n but_o not_o those_o that_o be_v surrender_v yet_o even_o in_o these_o also_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o spoil_n be_v in_o his_o power_n and_o not_o in_o the_o soldier_n but_o notwithstanding_o this_o power_n that_o custom_n have_v give_v to_o general_n some_o of_o they_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v free_v themselves_o from_o all_o manner_n of_o suspicion_n have_v wise_o transfer_v it_o back_o to_o the_o senate_n 5._o liv._o l._n 5._o as_o camillus_n do_v and_o they_o that_o have_v claim_v it_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o have_v dispose_v of_o the_o spoil_n to_o several_a use_n according_a to_o their_o several_a design_n to_o the_o promote_a of_o either_o religion_n honour_n or_o ambition_n xvi_o who_o have_v either_o bring_v into_o the_o public_a treasury_n but_o those_o among_o they_o who_o desire_v to_o be_v or_o to_o appear_v most_o holy_a will_v not_o at_o all_o enrich_v themselves_o with_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v in_o money_n the_o quaestor_n of_o the_o people_n be_v command_v to_o receive_v it_o or_o in_o other_o good_n he_o be_v command_v to_o make_v portsale_n of_o they_o and_o the_o money_n for_o which_o they_o be_v sell_v go_v under_o the_o name_n of_o manubiae_fw-la 23._o lib._n 13._o c._n 23._o as_o favorinus_n in_o gellius_n note_n and_o be_v by_o the_o quaestor_n bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n but_o in_o case_n there_o be_v matter_n for_o a_o triumph_n than_o it_o be_v first_o ostentous_o show_v to_o the_o people_n manius_n curius_n call_v the_o god_n to_o witness_v that_o he_o have_v not_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v any_o of_o the_o spoil_n but_o only_o one_o poor_a beechen_a cup_n wherewith_o to_o sacrifice_v to_o the_o go_n but_o that_o of_o aemilius_n paulus_n aemil._n vit._n aemil._n which_o plutarch_n record_v be_v admirable_a and_o for_o which_o all_o man_n do_v extol_v he_o for_o his_o magnanimity_n namely_o that_o when_o he_o have_v collect_v from_o the_o enemy_n a_o infinite_a mass_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n nec_fw-la inspicere_fw-la voluisset_fw-la he_o will_v not_o be_v tempt_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o it_o but_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o quaestor_n for_o the_o public_a use_n 2._o lib._n 2._o the_o like_a do_v pompey_n of_o who_o vellejus_n write_v thus_o the_o money_n that_o he_o take_v from_o tigranes_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o quaestor_n as_o his_o custom_n be_v ep._n lib._n 2._o ep._n and_o to_o be_v public_o register_v so_o also_o marcus_n tullius_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o sallust_n give_v this_o testimony_n of_o his_o own_o integrity_n de_fw-fr praeda_fw-la mea_fw-la praeter_fw-la quaestores_fw-la vrbanos_n teruntium_n nec_fw-la attigit_fw-la nec_fw-la tacturus_fw-la
it_o for_o what_o livy_n say_v of_o such_o as_o surrender_v themselves_o namely_o all_o be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o conqueror_n so_o that_o what_o he_o will_v take_v to_o himself_o and_o wherein_o and_o how_o far_o forth_o he_o will_v punish_v the_o conquer_a be_v whole_o in_o his_o own_o power_n the_o very_a same_o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n may_v be_v say_v of_o those_o that_o be_v conquer_v thus_o polybius_n they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o roman_n 8._o see_v book_n 1._o chap._n 4_o sect._n 8._o book_n 2._o ch._n 5._o sect._n 31._o book_n 3._o ch._n 5._o sect._n 2._o and_o ch._n 20._o sect._n 49._o vid._n ch._n 7._o sect._n 8._o do_v yield_v up_o in_o the_o first_o place_n their_o country_n and_o what_o town_n and_o city_n soever_o be_v therein_o together_o with_o all_o their_o man_n and_o woman_n that_o be_v in_o they_o then_o all_o their_o river_n and_o port_n and_o general_o all_o thing_n sacred_a and_o religious_a so_o that_o the_o roman_n be_v lord_n of_o all_o and_o they_o that_o thus_o surrender_v themselves_o have_v nothing_o leave_v and_o the_o self_n same_o right_n have_v the_o conqueror_n over_o those_o that_o be_v actual_o conquer_v in_o a_o solemn_a war._n for_o dedition_n do_v but_o voluntary_o yield_v up_o that_o which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v take_v away_o by_o force_n hannibal_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n be_v ready_a for_o battle_n with_o this_o argument_n whatsoever_o the_o roman_n have_v by_o so_o many_o conquest_n get_v and_o heap_v up_o shall_v together_o with_o themselves_o be_v we_o after_o the_o victory_n thus_o all_o that_o mithridates_n have_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n add_v to_o his_o own_o pompey_z by_z subdue_a he_o annex_v to_o the_o roman_a empire_n wherefore_o even_o those_o incorporeal_a right_n which_o former_o belong_v to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n be_v now_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n the_o conqueror_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o please_v thus_o alba_n be_v subdue_v what_o right_n soever_o the_o alban_n enjoy_v be_v claim_v by_o the_o roman_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o thessalian_n stand_v full_o discharge_v of_o the_o hundred_o talent_n for_o which_o they_o stand_v bind_v to_o the_o theban_n when_o alexander_n the_o great_a conquer_a the_o theban_n have_v by_o the_o right_n of_o conquest_n forgive_v the_o debt_n neither_o be_v that_o altogether_o true_a that_o quintilian_n urge_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o theban_n namely_o that_o that_o only_o be_v the_o conqueror_n which_o he_o can_v lay_v hold_v on_o but_o that_o right_o which_o be_v incorporeal_a can_v be_v apprehend_v by_o any_o man_n hand_n and_o again_o that_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o heir_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o that_o of_o a_o conqueror_n be_v another_o because_o to_o the_o heir_n may_v pass_v the_o right_n but_o to_o the_o conqueror_n the_o thing_n for_o he_o that_o be_v master_n of_o the_o person_n be_v also_o master_n of_o the_o estate_n and_o of_o all_o the_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o person_n he_o that_o be_v himself_o possess_v as_o a_o slave_n can_v be_v say_v to_o possess_v any_o thing_n to_o himself_o neither_o can_v he_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o who_o have_v no_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o himself_o yea_o though_o the_o conqueror_n do_v grant_v unto_o the_o conquer_a jus_fw-la civitatis_fw-la the_o right_n of_o be_v a_o city_n yet_o may_v he_o take_v away_o and_o reserve_v to_o himself_o whatsoever_o he_o please_v out_o of_o what_o be_v the_o city_n it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n to_o prescribe_v what_o bound_n he_o will_v to_o his_o own_o bounty_n thus_o caesar_n in_o imitation_n of_o that_o fact_n of_o alexander_n to_o the_o thessalian_n forgive_v a_o very_a great_a debt_n to_o the_o dyrrhachines_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o another_o city_n of_o the_o adverse_a part_n but_o here_o it_o may_v have_v be_v object_v that_o that_o war_n of_o caesar_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n with_o that_o concern_v which_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v institute_v so_o also_o we_o read_v that_o mark_n anthony_n command_v the_o tyrian_n to_o restore_v unto_o the_o jew_n what_o belong_v unto_o they_o as_o not_o be_v grant_v unto_o they_o by_o the_o roman_a senate_n and_o whereof_o they_o be_v possess_v before_o the_o war_n make_v with_o cassius_n as_o josephus_n relate_v it_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o right_n of_o those_o that_o return_v out_o of_o captivity_n i._o the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n postliminium_fw-la ii_o in_o what_o place_n this_o right_n take_v place_n iii_o by_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n some_o thing_n be_v say_v to_o return_v and_o some_o thing_n to_o be_v receive_v iv_o this_o right_o appertain_v both_o to_o war_n and_o peace_n and_o what_o if_o in_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n nothing_o be_v say_v v._o when_o a_o freeman_n during_o the_o war_n may_v return_v and_o be_v admit_v by_o this_o right_n vi_o what_o right_n he_o may_v receive_v and_o what_o he_o may_v not_o vii_o all_o right_n be_v recoverable_a from_o he_o viii_o why_o they_o that_o yield_v themselves_o be_v not_o admit_v to_o this_o right_n of_o postliminy_n ix_o when_o a_o people_n may_v obtain_v this_o right_n x._o in_o those_o that_o return_n by_o postliminy_n what_o thing_n be_v require_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n xi_o how_o servant_n be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n how_o fugitive_n and_o how_o they_o be_v receive_v that_o be_v redeem_v xii_o whether_o a_o people_n former_o subject_v may_v recover_v their_o freedom_n by_o postliminy_n xiii_o that_o land_n may_v be_v receive_v by_o postliminy_n fourteen_o what_o difference_n be_v ancient_o make_v between_o thing_n movable_a xv._o what_o the_o law_n now_o determine_v concern_v thing_n movable_a xvi_o what_o thing_n may_v be_v receive_v that_o need_v not_o this_o right_n of_o postâ—iminy_n xvii_o that_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v change_v something_n among_o their_o own_o subject_n xviii_o how_o postliminy_n be_v observe_v between_o those_o that_o be_v not_o enemy_n xix_o when_o this_o right_n may_v be_v now_o in_o force_n i._o postliminium_fw-la what_o it_o be_v there_o be_v none_o of_o our_o modern_a lawyer_n who_o have_v write_v any_o thing_n solid_o either_o concern_v thing_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n or_o concern_v the_o right_n due_a unto_o they_o who_o have_v be_v take_v prisoner_n yet_o have_v either_o by_o favour_n force_n or_o fraud_n escape_v and_o get_v home_o again_o the_o ancient_a roman_n have_v handle_v this_o question_n somewhat_o more_o accurate_o but_o yet_o ofttimes_o so_o confuse_o that_o the_o reader_n can_v distinguish_v between_o what_o be_v due_a by_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n and_o what_o be_v due_a by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n concern_v the_o word_n postliminium_fw-la that_o opinion_n of_o servius_n be_v to_o be_v explode_v who_o hold_v that_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o the_o word_n signify_v nothing_o that_o of_o scaevola_n please_v better_a who_o make_v it_o a_o compound_n word_n of_o post_n which_o signify_v a_o return_n or_o come_v from_o beyond_o and_o limen_n or_o limb_n which_o signify_v proper_o the_o threshold_n of_o a_o house_n or_o the_o utmost_a bound_n or_o frontier_n of_o a_o country_n for_o limen_n and_o limb_n though_o they_o differ_v no_o less_o in_o flection_n than_o in_o termination_n as_o materia_fw-la and_o matery_n yet_o be_v they_o both_o derive_v from_o that_o old_a verb_n limo_fw-la which_o signify_v transverse_a or_o overthwart_o eunuch_n aenead_n l._n 12._o eunuch_n as_o servius_n upon_o virgil_n and_o donatus_n upon_o terence_n observe_v from_o whence_o limb_n oculis_fw-la aliquem_fw-la intueri_fw-la be_v to_o look_v a_o squint_a upon_o a_o man_n though_o by_o the_o latter_a use_n of_o the_o word_n limen_n be_v refer_v to_o thing_n private_a and_o limb_n to_o thing_n public_a as_o to_o the_o bound_n or_o border_n of_o kingdom_n for_o as_o isidore_n note_n all_o oblique_a or_o cross-way_n the_o ancient_n call_v lima_n from_o whence_o the_o threshold_n of_o door_n over_o which_o we_o go_v in_o and_o out_o be_v call_v limina_fw-la ostiorum_fw-la so_o the_o ancient_n when_o they_o banish_v any_o man_n be_v say_v eliminare_fw-la to_o thrust_v he_o beyond_o their_o march_n and_o banishment_n they_o call_v eliminium_n a_o thrust_v out_o of_o their_o bound_n and_o territory_n ii_o postliminy_n therefore_o be_v a_o right_n that_o arise_v unto_o a_o man_n that_o be_v a_o captive_n upon_o his_o return_n from_o captivity_n that_o be_v upon_o his_o enter_v within_o the_o frontier_n of_o his_o own_o country_n so_o pomponius_n he_o be_v say_v to_o be_v return_v out_o of_o captivity_n that_o begin_v to_o be_v within_o our_o own_o garrison_n or_o as_o paulus_n say_v that_o enter_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o our_o territory_n but_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n it_o be_v by_o the_o
from_o war_n where_o also_o we_o must_v note_v that_o under_o this_o general_a name_n of_o merchant_n be_v comprehend_v all_o kind_n of_o tradesman_n and_o artificer_n who_o for_o their_o gain_n do_v usual_o prefer_v peace_n before_o war._n xiii_o and_o captive_n let_v we_o now_o proceed_v to_o such_o as_o have_v bear_v arm_n that_o of_o pyrrhus_n in_o seneca_n we_o have_v already_o quote_v namely_o that_o though_o the_o law_n permit_v we_o to_o do_v what_o we_o please_v to_o captive_n yet_o equity_n and_o conscience_n forbid_v we_o to_o take_v away_o their_o life_n of_o the_o like_a opinion_n be_v alexander_n who_o as_o we_o have_v say_v place_n captive_n in_o the_o same_o condition_n with_o woman_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st_n augustine_n to_o boniface_n 1._o epist_n 1._o hostem_fw-la pugnantem_fw-la necessitas_fw-la perimat_fw-la non_fw-la voluntas_fw-la it_o be_v not_o cruelty_n but_o necessity_n that_o make_v we_o destroy_v a_o fight_a enemy_n as_o force_v and_o violence_n be_v proper_o use_v against_o those_o that_o be_v arm_v against_o we_o so_o to_o those_o who_o the_o chance_n of_o war_n have_v leave_v naked_a and_o unarmed_a mercy_n and_o compassion_n be_v peculiar_o due_a especial_o to_o those_o who_o can_v no_o way_n endanger_v the_o public_a peace_n xenophon_n write_v of_o agesilaus_n that_o he_o give_v command_v to_o his_o soldier_n not_o to_o destroy_v their_o prisoner_n as_o malefactor_n but_o rather_o to_o preserve_v they_o for_o humanity_n sake_n and_o diodorus_n testify_v of_o the_o greek_n that_o they_o always_o fight_v valiant_o where_o they_o find_v resistance_n but_o to_o those_o that_o be_v subject_v they_o be_v very_o merciful_a sallust_n in_o his_o jugurthine_n history_n speak_v of_o some_o young_a man_n who_o have_v yield_v themselves_o be_v put_v to_o death_n say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o equity_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o civilise_a nation_n 5._o lib._n 5._o lactantius_n of_o the_o time_n he_o live_v in_o say_v parcitur_fw-la victis_fw-la &_o est_fw-la locus_fw-la inter_fw-la arma_fw-la clementiae_fw-la we_o spare_v those_o who_o we_o have_v conquer_v and_o there_o be_v clemency_n to_o be_v use_v 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o even_o in_o arm_n tacitus_n commend_v primus_fw-la antonius_n and_o varus_n two_o flavian_n commander_n for_o that_o they_o never_o commit_v any_o act_n of_o cruelty_n beyond_o the_o place_n where_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v secunda_fw-la de_fw-fr pace_fw-la secunda_fw-la so_o likewise_o aristides_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o our_o age_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o subdue_v those_o that_o resist_v we_o but_o to_o deal_v merciful_o with_o those_o that_o submit_v unto_o we_o concern_v such_o as_o be_v take_v prisoner_n in_o the_o war_n the_o prophet_n elisha_n put_v this_o question_n to_o the_o king_n of_o samaeria_n 6.22_o 2_o king_n 6.22_o will_v thou_o kill_v those_o who_o thou_o have_v take_v captive_a with_o thy_o sword_n and_o with_o thy_o bow_n when_o one_o in_o euripides_n demand_v whether_o the_o grecian_a law_n do_v forbid_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o enemy_n he_o as_o ready_o answer_v quem_fw-la mars_n reliquit_fw-la praelio_fw-la superstitem_fw-la that_o they_o do_v if_o that_o enemy_n survive_v the_o fight_n and_o therefore_o euristeus_n be_v take_v prisoner_n comfort_v himself_o in_o this_o he_o that_o kill_v i_o guiltless_a shall_v never_o be_v plutarch_n compare_v marcellus_n with_o pelopidas_n seem_v to_o condemn_v marcellus_n for_o his_o cruelty_n in_o shed_v blood_n unnecessary_o after_o the_o victory_n whereas_o neither_o pelopidas_n nor_o epaminondas_n do_v ever_o put_v any_o to_o the_o sword_n who_o they_o have_v overcome_v neither_o do_v they_o take_v away_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o city_n that_o they_o take_v neither_o will_v the_o theban_n as_o it_o be_v believe_v have_v exercise_v that_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o orchomenian_n have_v either_o of_o these_o commander_n be_v present_a beside_o when_o scipio_n will_v have_v put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o utica_n to_o the_o sword_n vticensi_fw-la plut._n in_o caâ—_n vticensi_fw-la without_o regard_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n because_o they_o have_v take_v part_n with_o caesar_n cato_n will_v not_o suffer_v he_o but_o protest_v against_o it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o inhumanity_n and_o call_v the_o god_n to_o witness_v in_o open_a council_n with_o great_a difficulty_n he_o save_v they_o from_o so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n procopius_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o persian_a war_n which_o he_o also_o repeat_v in_o his_o second_o say_v that_o to_o use_v cruelty_n to_o the_o conquer_a be_v repugnant_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o piety_n so_o that_o when_o cabadas_n king_n of_o persia_n after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o city_n aâ—mada_n by_o storm_n have_v make_v great_a slaughter_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n a_o certain_a old_a priest_n tell_v he_o that_o to_o kill_v so_o many_o captive_n be_v not_o king_n y._n ib._n goth._n l._n 1._o c._n ib._n and_o the_o same_o procopius_n elsewhere_o record_v a_o excellent_a speech_n of_o belisarius_n to_o his_o soldier_n upon_o the_o take_n of_o naples_n dissuade_v they_o from_o the_o unnecessary_a effu_fw-fr on_o of_o blood_n do_v not_o say_v he_o extend_v your_o hatred_n of_o your_o enemy_n beyond_o measure_n no_o conqueror_n continue_v to_o hate_v the_o conquer_a if_o you_o kill_v they_o now_o you_o do_v not_o abate_v the_o number_n of_o your_o foe_n but_o of_o your_o subject_n do_v not_o therefore_o prosecute_v your_o revenge_n too_o far_o but_o consider_v that_o have_v subdue_v they_o to_o become_v now_o slave_n to_o your_o own_o passion_n be_v ignoble_a comnâ—nat_n ann._n comnâ—nat_n when_o alexius_n the_o emperor_n be_v persuade_v by_o one_o of_o his_o council_n to_o kill_v his_o scythian_a captive_n he_o make_v this_o noble_a answer_n though_o they_o be_v scythian_n yet_o be_v they_o man_n though_o they_o be_v enemy_n yet_o do_v they_o deserve_v pity_n it_o be_v the_o chance_n of_o war_n only_o that_o put_v the_o difference_n between_o we_o and_o they_o it_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a observation_n that_o we_o read_v in_o gregoras_n 4._o lib._n 4._o whatsoever_o be_v do_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o fight_n be_v pardonable_a because_o the_o faculty_n of_o discourse_n and_o ratiocination_n be_v as_o it_o be_v block_v up_o so_o that_o the_o hand_n be_v as_o it_o be_v drink_v with_o anger_n and_o revenge_n and_o want_v the_o guidance_n and_o manuduction_n of_o reason_n do_v even_o they_o know_v not_o what_o but_o when_o by_o our_o strength_n and_o courage_n our_o danger_n be_v over_o end_n see_v chap._n 7._o towards_o the_o end_n and_o our_o reason_n enjoy_v her_o liberty_n to_o examine_v and_o judge_v of_o what_o we_o be_v about_o and_o to_o issue_v out_o her_o mandate_n to_o the_o hand_n for_o execution_n then_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v unjust_o or_o unseemly_o it_o plain_o show_v the_o perverseness_n of_o the_o mind_n julian_n in_o his_o second_o panegyric_n on_o constantius_n under_o who_o person_n he_o describe_v a_o virtuous_a prince_n say_v that_o have_v conquer_v his_o enemy_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n he_o make_v no_o far_a use_n of_o the_o sword_n esteem_v it_o impious_a to_o kill_v he_o who_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o defend_v himself_o and_o therefore_o diodorus_n siculus_n condemn_v the_o byzantine_n and_o chalcedonian_o of_o notorious_a cruelty_n for_o kill_v a_o multitude_n of_o captive_n take_v in_o war._n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o law_n general_o observe_v to_o spare_v captive_n and_o that_o he_o that_o violate_v this_o law_n do_v doubtless_o sin_n against_o god_n and_o man_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o all_o story_n we_o find_v those_o commander_n high_o commend_v who_o have_v take_v a_o multitude_n of_o captive_n who_o they_o can_v not_o without_o danger_n and_o charge_n keep_v have_v choose_v rather_o free_o to_o dismiss_v they_o than_o to_o kill_v they_o fourteen_o they_o be_v to_o be_v spare_v that_o surrender_n on_o equal_a condition_n wherefore_o they_o that_o in_o a_o battle_n shall_v cry_v for_o quarter_n or_o in_o a_o siege_n shall_v offer_v to_o yield_v upon_o condition_n to_o save_v their_o life_n be_v neither_o of_o they_o to_o be_v reject_v the_o roman_n as_o procopius_n testify_v 4._o testify_v goth._n 4._o thus_o bespeak_v the_o persian_n who_o they_o hold_v close_o besiege_v in_o the_o fort_n of_o petra_n we_o say_v they_o do_v extreme_o commiserate_v your_o hard_a condition_n and_o will_v glad_o spare_v you_o though_o you_o wish_v to_o die_v and_o that_o life_n which_o you_o so_o nice_o disdain_v we_o will_v save_v as_o it_o become_v christian_n and_o citizen_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n and_o therefore_o arrianus_n speak_v in_o that_o slaughter_n which_o the_o theban_n make_v of_o their_o captive_n that_o have_v yield_v to_o mercy_n say_v 3._o lib._n 3._o that_o it_o
be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o grecian_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o thucydides_n you_o do_v accept_v of_o we_o who_o willing_o and_o with_o lift_v up_o hand_n beg_v to_o be_v receive_v to_o mercy_n and_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o grecian_n to_o kill_v such_o the_o syracusian_a senator_n in_o diodorus_n tell_v we_o that_o to_o spare_v a_o suppliant_a be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o true_o noble_a and_o magnanimous_a spirit_n and_o sopater_n confess_v that_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o grecian_n to_o save_v such_o as_o beg_v for_o life_n in_o the_o war_n in_o town_n that_o be_v besiege_v this_o custom_n be_v general_o observe_v by_o the_o roman_n that_o if_o they_o yield_v before_o the_o batter_a ram_n touch_v the_o wall_n the_o life_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v save_v caesar_n signify_v to_o the_o advatici_n that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o preserve_v their_o city_n in_o case_n they_o will_v surrender_v before_o he_o ramm_v approach_v their_o 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facinus_fw-la contra_fw-la jus_fw-la belli_n a_o cruelty_n scarce_o justifiable_a by_o the_o natural_a right_n of_o war._n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o complain_v of_o the_o like_a cruelty_n say_v that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o transport_v with_o rage_n that_o he_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n not_o only_a man_n arm_v and_o such_o as_o be_v in_o battle_n which_o he_o may_v do_v by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n but_o even_o suppliant_n also_o that_o beg_v for_o mercy_n so_o also_o livy_n qui_fw-la deditis_fw-la contra_fw-la jus_fw-la ac_fw-la fas_fw-la bellum_fw-la intulisset_fw-la he_o make_v war_n even_o against_o those_o that_o yield_v themselves_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o good_a man_n nay_o the_o principal_a design_n of_o a_o general_n shall_v be_v rather_o to_o force_v his_o enemy_n through_o fear_n to_o surrender_v than_o to_o kill_v they_o and_o herein_o be_v brutus_n to_o be_v commend_v who_o will_v seldom_o fall_v on_o his_o enemy_n by_o assault_n but_o choose_v rather_o to_o encompass_v they_o with_o his_o horse_n command_v his_o soldier_n to_o spare_v they_o who_o ever_o long_o will_v be_v his_o own_o xvi_o unless_o some_o very_a great_a crime_n do_v hinder_v against_o these_o rule_n of_o natural_a right_n and_o equity_n be_v usual_o bring_v these_o specious_a exception_n which_o notwithstanding_o have_v little_a of_o solidity_n in_o they_o as_o namely_o what_o if_o such_o act_n of_o cruelty_n be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n what_o if_o they_o be_v do_v by_o way_n of_o example_n to_o deter_v other_o or_o what_o if_o it_o be_v do_v against_o such_o as_o have_v be_v notorious_o obstinate_a none_o of_o these_o be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v a_o unnecessary_a or_o a_o unjust_a slaughter_n as_o be_v easy_o to_o be_v collect_v by_o what_o we_o have_v already_o write_v concern_v the_o just_a cause_n of_o kill_a enemy_n for_o from_o captive_n and_o such_o as_o actual_o deliver_v themselves_o or_o desire_v so_o to_o do_v there_o can_v be_v no_o danger_n that_o therefore_o they_o may_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n there_o ought_v to_o precede_v some_o such_o crime_n as_o to_o a_o impartial_a judge_n shall_v deserve_v death_n and_o thus_o we_o may_v haply_o read_v of_o cruelty_n sometime_o use_v unto_o such_o as_o have_v either_o be_v take_v prisoner_n or_o yield_v without_o condition_n of_o life_n if_o be_v convict_v of_o the_o injustice_n of_o the_o war_n they_o have_v still_o persist_v in_o arm_n or_o if_o they_o have_v reproach_v or_o defame_v the_o conqueror_n with_o bitter_a invective_n or_o have_v break_v their_o faith_n or_o somewhat_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o the_o privilege_n of_o ambassador_n or_o have_v be_v traitor_n renegado_n or_o the_o like_a but_o as_o to_o the_o objection_n of_o retaliation_n nature_n do_v not_o admit_v thereof_o unless_o it_o be_v against_o those_o numerical_a person_n who_o have_v do_v the_o wrong_n neither_o will_v it_o suffice_v to_o say_v that_o the_o enemy_n do_v all_o of_o they_o make_v but_o one_o body_n by_o their_o combination_n against_o we_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v when_o we_o treat_v concern_v the_o communication_n of_o punishment_n for_o as_o we_o read_v in_o aristides_n be_v it_o not_o a_o shame_n to_o imitate_v that_o as_o just_a which_o we_o condemn_v in_o other_o as_o unjust_a upon_o which_o account_n it_o be_v that_o plutarch_n blame_v the_o syracusian_n for_o put_v to_o death_n the_o wife_n of_o hicetas_n dion_n plut._n tim._n &_o dion_n and_o his_o child_n for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o because_o hicetas_n have_v before_o put_v dion_n wife_n his_o sister_n and_o little_a son_n to_o death_n but_o as_o to_o the_o profit_n which_o may_v hereafter_o be_v expect_v by_o put_v a_o terror_n into_o other_o terror_n terror_n this_o give_v no_o positive_a right_o to_o put_v any_o man_n to_o death_n that_o yield_v himself_o prisoner_n but_o if_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n of_o death_n before_o give_v this_o may_v be_v one_o cause_n among_o other_o why_o the_o punishment_n due_a may_v not_o be_v remit_v again_o a_o obstinate_a endeavour_n to_o maintain_v our_o own_o party_n if_o our_o cause_n be_v not_o altogether_o unjust_a or_o dishonest_a do_v not_o at_o all_o deserve_v punishment_n 1._o goth._n lib._n 1._o as_o the_o neapolitan_n argue_v in_o procopius_n or_o if_o it_o do_v sure_o that_o punishment_n can_v amount_v to_o death_n if_o equity_n may_v be_v the_o judge_n when_o alexander_n have_v command_v all_o the_o youth_n in_o a_o certain_a town_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n because_o they_o defend_v it_o so_o resolute_o against_o he_o 4._o polyan_n lib._n 4._o the_o indian_n tell_v he_o that_o he_o make_v war_n like_o a_o thief_n or_o a_o murderer_n latronum_fw-la more_fw-mi bellare_fw-la indis_fw-la visus_fw-la est_fw-la say_v the_o author_n whereupon_o to_o preserve_v his_o own_o honour_n he_o ever_o after_o use_v his_o victory_n with_o more_o clemency_n much_o more_o for_o his_o honour_n it_o be_v that_o he_o will_v have_v spare_v some_o milesian_n because_o he_o perceive_v they_o to_o be_v very_o generous_a and_o faithful_a to_o their_o own_o party_n as_o arrianus_n record_v when_o phyto_o the_o praetor_n of_o rhegium_n be_v drag_v out_o to_o torture_n and_o death_n because_o he_o have_v resolute_o defend_v his_o city_n against_o dionysius_n as_o they_o drag_v he_o along_o he_o cry_v out_o that_o the_o tyrant_n have_v thus_o punish_v he_o for_o no_o other_o reason_n than_o because_o he_o will_v not_o betray_v the_o city_n to_o he_o for_o which_o cause_n the_o god_n will_v certain_o revenge_v his_o death_n upon_o the_o tyrant_n within_o a_o short_a time_n such_o punishment_n as_o these_o diodorus_n call_v unjust_a for_o i_o own_o part_n i_o be_o high_o please_v with_o that_o wish_n of_o lucan_n vincat_fw-la quicunque_fw-la
late_o to_o help_v it_o this_o in_o all_o city_n be_v observe_v as_o a_o oracle_n that_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n they_o ever_o provide_v for_o war_n and_o in_o time_n of_o war_n they_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o firm_a and_o last_a peace_n we_o shall_v neither_o place_v too_o much_o confidence_n in_o our_o friend_n because_o they_o may_v prove_v our_o enemy_n neither_o shall_v we_o appear_v too_o diffident_a of_o our_o enemy_n because_o they_o may_v hereafter_o prove_v our_o friend_n but_o if_o the_o hope_n of_o our_o enemy_n conversion_n can_v prevail_v with_o we_o to_o do_v they_o civil_a office_n yet_o let_v we_o remember_v that_o there_o be_v no_o hostility_n at_o all_o against_o we_o in_o those_o thing_n which_o a_o enemy_n country_n produce_v for_o all_o thing_n there_o be_v serviceable_a all_o thing_n profitable_a all_o thing_n pleasurable_a or_o very_o necessary_a to_o ourselves_o all_o its_o fruit_n afford_v unto_o we_o either_o nourishment_n or_o somewhat_o that_o be_v equivalent_a unto_o it_o again_o non_fw-la opportet_fw-la bellum_fw-la infer_v belli_n nesciis_fw-la we_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v so_o amicable_a so_o innocent_a that_o they_o know_v not_o what_o war_n mean_v to_o burn_v cut_v down_o and_o utter_o to_o extirpate_v those_o thing_n which_o nature_n by_o heat_n from_o above_o and_o moisture_n from_o beneath_o have_v so_o tender_o bring_v up_o and_o nourish_v to_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o pay_v their_o yearly_a tribute_n unto_o man_n as_o unto_o king_n savour_n of_o too_o much_o inhumanity_n thus_o far_o philo_n wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o josephus_n if_o tree_n say_v he_o can_v speak_v they_o will_v certain_o upbraid_v we_o with_o injustice_n for_o inflict_v upon_o they_o the_o plague_n and_o misery_n of_o war_n who_o be_v in_o no_o wise_a guilty_a of_o the_o cause_n thereof_o neither_o have_v that_o say_v of_o pythagoras_n any_o other_o ground_n than_o this_o where_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o to_o cut_v down_o or_o to_o hurt_v tender_a plant_n or_o tree_n that_o bear_v fruit_n be_v a_o sin_n against_o nature_n and_o not_o justifiable_a before_o god_n 4._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr edendis_fw-la lib._n 4._o porphyry_n likewise_o describe_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o jew_n take_v as_o i_o suppose_v their_o custom_n to_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o their_o law_n extend_v this_o custom_n or_o law_n to_o all_o beast_n that_o be_v serviceable_a for_o tillage_n their_o talmud_n and_o their_o interpreter_n do_v yet_o stretch_v out_o this_o law_n somewhat_o far_o even_o to_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v causeless_o perish_v as_o the_o fire_n of_o house_n the_o poison_n of_o spring_n or_o the_o spoil_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o may_v afford_v nourishment_n to_o mankind_n unless_o it_o be_v such_o tree_n or_o house_n as_o be_v near_o unto_o the_o wall_n may_v thereby_o hinder_v soldier_n in_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o military_a duty_n agreeable_a with_o this_o law_n be_v that_o prudent_a moderation_n of_o the_o athenian_a general_n 5._o de_fw-fr repub._n l._n 5._o timotheus_n who_o will_v not_o suffer_v his_o soldier_n to_o destroy_v any_o house_n or_o village_n nor_o cut_v down_o any_o plant_n that_o bare_a fruit._n there_o be_v the_o like_a law_n extant_a in_o plato_n prohibit_v the_o lay_n of_o any_o land_n waste_v or_o the_o demolish_n of_o any_o house_n and_o if_o we_o may_v not_o waste_v the_o country_n of_o a_o enemy_n much_o less_o when_o by_o conquest_n we_o have_v make_v it_o our_o own_o 1._o offic._n l._n 1._o cicero_n do_v not_o approve_v of_o the_o demolish_n of_o corinth_n though_o the_o citizen_n have_v unhandsome_o treat_v the_o roman_a ambassador_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v that_o war_n a_o ugly_a sva_fw-la pro_fw-la domo_fw-la sva_fw-la horrid_a and_o malicious_a war_n that_o be_v make_v against_o house_n wall_n pillar_n and_o post_n livy_n high_o commend_v the_o lenity_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o that_o have_v take_v capua_n 26._o lib._n 26._o they_o do_v not_o pull_v down_o the_o wall_n nor_o set_v on_o fire_n the_o innocent_a house_n there_o be_v a_o most_o excellent_a epistle_n upon_o this_o argument_n extant_a in_o procopius_n which_o belisarius_n write_v to_o totilas_n it_o have_v be_v say_v he_o repute_v in_o former_a age_n the_o glory_n of_o wise_a man_n to_o raise_v fair_a and_o magnificent_a structure_n to_o preserve_v their_o name_n and_o memory_n but_o to_o raze_v and_o demolish_v they_o be_v build_v be_v ever_o esteem_v the_o badge_n of_o folly_n and_o madness_n as_o not_o blush_v to_o transmit_v to_o posterity_n the_o monument_n of_o their_o own_o vileness_n it_o be_v confess_v by_o all_o man_n that_o rome_n be_v the_o most_o magnificent_a and_o beautiful_a city_n of_o all_o that_o the_o sun_n behold_v neither_o do_v it_o arise_v to_o this_o height_n of_o splendour_n by_o the_o bounty_n or_o industry_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o in_o few_o year_n but_o many_o king_n and_o emperor_n and_o a_o vast_a series_n or_o succession_n of_o nobleman_n many_o age_n and_o a_o stupendous_a mass_n of_o treasure_n have_v draw_v hither_o as_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o most_o expert_a artificer_n in_o the_o world_n whereby_o have_v by_o little_a and_o little_o bring_v this_o city_n to_o that_o perfection_n wherein_o we_o now_o see_v it_o they_o have_v bequeath_v it_o to_o future_a age_n as_o a_o everlasting_a monument_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o magnanimity_n wherefore_o to_o raze_v this_o city_n be_v to_o be_v injurious_a to_o mankind_n in_o all_o age_n to_o our_o ancestor_n in_o sacrilegious_o bury_v in_o its_o ruin_n the_o memory_n of_o their_o noble_a act_n to_o our_o posterity_n envious_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o very_a sight_n of_o those_o noble_a structure_n whereby_o they_o may_v be_v excite_v to_o the_o imitation_n of_o their_o virtue_n and_o if_o it_o be_v thus_o then_o consider_v that_o one_o of_o these_o two_o must_v necessary_o fall_v out_o either_o the_o emperor_n must_v vanquish_v or_o you_o if_o you_o be_v conqueror_n then_o in_o destroy_v this_o city_n you_o destroy_v not_o what_o be_v your_o enemy_n but_o your_o own_o and_o in_o preserve_v it_o you_o enjoy_v the_o rich_a and_o most_o beautiful_a place_n on_o the_o earth_n but_o in_o case_n thou_o be_v worsted_n thy_o clemency_n in_o preserve_v this_o great_a city_n shall_v plead_v strong_o to_o the_o emperor_n for_o mercy_n but_o in_o destroy_v it_o all_o hope_n of_o favour_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o and_o thou_o shall_v not_o only_o lose_v whatever_o thou_o can_v gain_v by_o the_o spoil_n but_o a_o eternal_a brand_n of_o shame_n and_o infamy_n shall_v cleave_v unto_o thy_o name_n throughout_o all_o age_n according_a to_o thy_o deal_n herein_o for_o fame_n be_v equal_o ready_a to_o report_v either_o good_a or_o evil_n of_o we_o potentum_fw-la quales_fw-la sunt_fw-la actiones_fw-la talis_fw-la existimatio_fw-la according_a to_o the_o life_n and_o action_n of_o grandee_n so_o be_v their_o fame_n to_o the_o world_n end_n thus_o far_o procopius_n it_o be_v true_a 3.19_o josh_n 6._o 2_o king_n 3.19_o that_o god_n himself_o in_o the_o sacred_a scripture_n do_v not_o only_o command_v that_o some_o city_n shall_v be_v destroy_v by_o fire_n but_o also_o that_o the_o tree_n of_o the_o moabite_n contrary_a to_o this_o general_a rule_n shall_v be_v cut_v down_o but_o this_o be_v not_o do_v out_o of_o a_o hostile_a malice_n but_o out_o of_o a_o pure_a detestation_n of_o their_o sin_n which_o be_v either_o public_o know_v to_o deserve_v such_o a_o punishment_n or_o at_o least_o be_v so_o repute_v in_o god_n account_n iii_o if_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n of_o victory_n second_o we_o shall_v forbear_v to_o waste_v a_o enemy_n country_n where_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o be_v in_o question_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o probable_a hope_n of_o a_o speedy_a victory_n whereby_o both_o the_o land_n and_o the_o profit_n thereof_o be_v likely_a to_o become_v the_o reward_n of_o the_o conqueror_n so_o alexander_n the_o great_a as_o justine_n tell_v we_o prohibit_v his_o soldier_n from_o depopulate_a asia_n tell_v they_o that_o they_o ought_v rather_o careful_o to_o preserve_v their_o own_o and_o not_o to_o destroy_v that_o which_o they_o come_v to_o possess_v thus_o gelimer_n with_o his_o vandal_n besiege_v the_o city_n carthage_n 2._o proc._n vand._n 2._o make_v no_o spoil_n nor_o take_v any_o pillage_n but_o secure_v the_o country_n to_o himself_o as_o his_o own_o the_o like_a speech_n i_o find_v in_o helmoldus_n nun_n terra_fw-la quam_fw-la devastamus_fw-la nostra_fw-la est_fw-la 66._o lib._n 1._o c._n 66._o be_v not_o the_o land_n that_o we_o waste_v we_o and_o the_o people_n who_o we_o destroy_v our_o subject_n wherefore_o then_o be_v we_o become_v enemy_n to_o our_o sâ—lves_n wherefore_o do_v we_o drive_v away_o those_o
can_v not_o conquer_v the_o rhodian_o 5._o lib._n 5._o yet_o thou_o have_v make_v war_n against_o protogenes_n a_o dead_a painter_n polybius_n think_v it_o a_o act_n of_o the_o high_a madness_n to_o seek_v to_o destroy_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v destroy_v weaken_v not_o the_o enemy_n nor_o bring_v any_o advantage_n to_o those_o that_o destroy_v they_o 2._o ver._n 2._o such_o as_o be_v church_n statue_n school_n and_o religious_a house_n cicero_n high_o extol_v marcellus_n for_o the_o care_n he_o take_v to_o preserve_v all_o the_o fair_a building_n in_o syracuse_n both_o public_a and_o private_a quasi_fw-la ad_fw-la ea_fw-la defendenda_fw-la cum_fw-la exercitu_fw-la non_fw-la expugnanda_fw-la venisset_fw-la as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v send_v with_o his_o army_n to_o defend_v the_o city_n and_o not_o to_o take_v it_o and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o give_v this_o reason_n our_o ancestor_n do_v ever_o leave_v unto_o the_o conquer_a such_o thing_n as_o to_o they_o be_v pleasant_a but_o to_o the_o conqueror_n of_o no_o great_a use_n or_o benefit_n vi_o especial_o thing_n sacred_a or_o thereunto_o belong_v and_o although_o this_o also_o may_v be_v plead_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o other_o public_a ornament_n yet_o a_o more_o special_a reason_n may_v be_v add_v for_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v dedicate_v to_o sacred_a use_n although_o these_o also_o be_v in_o some_o sort_n public_a and_o so_o not_o exempt_v from_o the_o outrage_n of_o war_n yet_o if_o there_o be_v no_o great_a danger_n that_o may_v just_o be_v fear_v by_o they_o the_o very_a reverence_n that_o we_o owe_v to_o those_o holy_a place_n and_o to_o the_o thing_n thereunto_o appertain_v shall_v plead_v strong_o for_o their_o preservation_n especial_o with_o those_o that_o agree_v in_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o god_n though_o they_o do_v differ_v in_o opinion_n concern_v some_o outward_a rite_n and_o ceremony_n it_o be_v observe_v as_o a_o law_n among_o the_o grecian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o thucydides_n that_o when_o they_o invade_v one_o another_o as_o enemy_n they_o shall_v always_o forbear_v to_o use_v violence_n to_o holy_a place_n and_o livy_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o the_o roman_n have_v sack_v and_o destroy_v alba_n they_o spare_v the_o temple_n of_o their_o go_n and_o when_o capua_n be_v take_v the_o poet_n silius_n write_v thus_o of_o the_o roman_n ecce_fw-la repens_fw-la tacito_fw-la percurrit_fw-la pectora_fw-la sensu_fw-la relligio_fw-la &_o saevas_fw-la componit_fw-la numine_fw-la mentes_fw-la ne_fw-la flammam_fw-la taedasque_fw-la velint_fw-la ne_fw-la templa_fw-la sub_fw-la uno_fw-la in_o cinerem_fw-la sedisse_fw-la rogo_fw-la livy_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v object_v against_o qu._n fulvius_n the_o censor_n 42._o lib._n 42._o that_o by_o the_o spoil_n and_o ruin_n of_o church_n he_o have_v make_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n guilty_a of_o sacrilege_n as_o if_o the_o immortal_a god_n be_v not_o in_o every_o place_n the_o same_o but_o that_o the_o god_n of_o one_o place_n delight_v in_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o god_n of_o another_o but_o marcius_n philippus_n come_v to_o encamp_v about_o dium_n 41._o livy_n l._n 41._o under_o the_o temple_n give_v special_a command_n that_o no_o violence_n shall_v be_v offer_v to_o that_o holy_a place_n strabo_n relate_v it_o of_o one_o tectosages_n that_o have_v with_o some_o other_o rob_v the_o temple_n at_o delphos_n of_o some_o treasure_n think_v he_o have_v sufficient_o appease_v the_o god_n by_o consecrate_v that_o money_n with_o some_o addition_n to_o the_o god_n at_o home_n suppose_v it_o to_o be_v no_o sacrilege_n to_o despoil_v the_o temple_n at_o delphos_n to_o adorn_v his_o own_o temple_n both_o haply_o be_v consecrate_v to_o one_o and_o the_o same_o god_n but_o let_v we_o descend_v to_o such_o as_o be_v christian_n agathias_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o franc_n spare_v the_o temple_n in_o greece_n 2._o lib._n 2._o as_o be_v of_o the_o same_o religion_n with_o they_o nay_o it_o be_v usual_a not_o only_o among_o the_o heathen_n whereof_o historian_n give_v we_o many_o example_n and_o do_v therefore_o call_v it_o the_o common_a custom_n of_o the_o grecian_n but_o among_o christian_n also_o to_o spare_v the_o person_n of_o such_o as_o fly_v for_o sanctuary_n to_o the_o temple_n even_o for_o the_o reverence_n they_o bear_v unto_o the_o place_n 1._o de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 1._o which_o st._n augustin_n high_o commend_v in_o the_o goth_n have_v take_v rome_n who_o as_o he_o there_o tell_v we_o have_v so_o great_a a_o regard_n to_o the_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o the_o apostle_n and_o holy_a martyr_n that_o in_o that_o miserable_a devastation_n all_o that_o flee_v thither_o find_v protection_n whether_o native_n or_o stranger_n hitherto_o say_v he_o may_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o enemy_n rage_n without_o restraint_n but_o here_o as_o by_o a_o divine_a power_n it_o be_v sudden_o check_v hither_o do_v the_o commiserate_a soldier_n bring_v their_o distress_a captive_n leave_v they_o shall_v be_v destroy_v by_o their_o fellow_n soldier_n that_o have_v no_o remorse_n and_o they_o who_o elsewhere_o be_v inexorable_o bloody_a no_o soon_o approach_v to_o these_o place_n where_o the_o licence_n which_o the_o right_a of_o war_n give_v they_o be_v interdict_v but_o instant_o all_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n and_o all_o desire_n of_o revenge_n whole_o vanish_v we_o give_v such_o reverence_n to_o holy_a place_n say_v appian_n that_o we_o use_v no_o manner_n of_o hostility_n against_o they_o among_o our_o enemy_n though_o foreigner_n for_o as_o polybius_n observe_v peer_n in_o excerpt_v peer_n it_o be_v the_o great_a folly_n and_o madness_n in_o the_o world_n to_o behave_v ourselves_o impious_o towards_o god_n because_o we_o be_v enrage_v against_o our_o enemy_n who_o be_v but_o man_n for_o much_o better_a it_o be_v that_o god_n shall_v in_o those_o place_n after_o any_o manner_n be_v worship_v than_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v make_v tippling-house_n it_o be_v write_v of_o agesilaus_n that_o not_o in_o greece_n only_o but_o among_o the_o barbarian_n severus_n severus_n he_o spare_v with_o holy_a reverence_n whatsoever_o be_v consecrate_v unto_o the_o god_n as_o well_o their_o altar_n and_o image_n as_o their_o church_n mirarique_fw-la se_fw-la praedicabat_fw-la eos_fw-la non_fw-la sacrilegorum_fw-la numero_fw-la haberi_fw-la qui_fw-la supplicibus_fw-la eorum_fw-la nocuissent_fw-la admire_v how_o they_o can_v be_v excuse_v from_o sacrilege_n that_o have_v violate_v the_o privilege_n of_o those_o place_n by_o oppress_v they_o who_o flee_v thither_o for_o protection_n the_o very_a same_o testimony_n do_v plutarch_n give_v of_o he_o age_n vita_fw-la age_n the_o like_a he_o do_v also_o of_o diverse_a roman_a general_n who_o in_o their_o conquest_n as_o well_o in_o greece_n as_o in_o macedonia_n do_v not_o only_o spare_v the_o temple_n of_o their_o god_n but_o honour_v they_o with_o present_n and_o enlarge_v both_o their_o immunity_n and_o privilege_n procopius_n record_v it_o of_o one_o cabao_n a_o moor_n 1._o vand._n l._n 1._o who_o though_o no_o christian_a yet_o command_v that_o all_o honour_n and_o reverence_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o christian_a temple_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o by_o the_o vandal_n themselves_o he_o hope_v that_o the_o god_n of_o the_o christian_n who_o ever_o he_o be_v will_v severe_o revenge_v on_o they_o and_o in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o persian_a war_n he_o testify_v the_o same_o of_o cosroes_n the_o persian_a king_n who_o though_o no_o christian_a yet_o take_v special_a care_n to_o preserve_v the_o christian_n church_n at_o antioch_n neither_o dare_v the_o emperor_n justinian_n keep_v the_o spoil_n of_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n which_o vespasian_n bring_v to_o rome_n but_o they_o be_v find_v at_o rome_n be_v transport_v by_o gizerich_n into_o africa_n as_o the_o same_o procopius_n testify_v in_o the_o second_o book_n of_o his_o vandal_n war_n nor_o can_v i_o here_o omit_v that_o memorable_a fact_n of_o king_n alarick_n 20._o cassiodor_n l._n 12._o c._n 20._o who_o have_v ignorant_o receive_v some_o vessel_n which_o his_o soldier_n have_v take_v out_o of_o a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o st._n peter_n and_o be_v afterward_o inform_v thereof_o command_v the_o same_o vessel_n to_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o same_o person_n add_v other_o of_o a_o very_a great_a value_n unto_o they_o to_o expiate_v the_o crime_n vii_o yea_o and_o thing_n that_o be_v religious_a what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v of_o thing_n sacred_a may_v likewise_o be_v say_v of_o thing_n that_o be_v religious_a even_o of_o such_o as_o be_v erect_v as_o monument_n for_o the_o dead_a for_o though_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n do_v expose_v these_o also_o to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o conqueror_n yet_o ought_v they_o for_o humanity_n sake_n to_o be_v spare_v our_o lawyer_n do_v assert_v that_o to_o be_v the_o best_a and_o high_a reason_n
which_o advance_v religion_n there_o be_v a_o excellent_a say_n in_o euripides_n which_o make_v as_o well_o for_o religious_a thing_n as_o for_o thing_n sacred_a homo_fw-la quisquis_fw-la urbes_fw-la vastat_fw-la &_o dis_fw-fr manibus_fw-la sedes_fw-la sacratas_fw-la templaque_fw-la haud_fw-la recte_fw-la sapit_fw-la nam_fw-la similis_fw-la ipsum_fw-la pestis_fw-la excidii_fw-la manet_fw-la who_o conquer_v city_n rash_o do_v erace_n and_o temple_n with_o their_o monument_n deface_v do_v not_o foresee_v the_o like_a may_v be_v their_o case_n apollonius_n tyanaeus_n do_v thus_o interpret_v that_o fable_n of_o the_o giant_n fight_v against_o heaven_n when_o audacious_a man_n presume_v to_o violate_v the_o temple_n and_o image_n of_o the_o go_n it_o be_v say_v of_o scipio_n that_o have_v take_v carthage_n he_o enrich_v all_o his_o soldier_n with_o the_o spoil_n except_v only_o those_o who_o have_v before_o invade_v the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n neither_o dare_v caesar_n himself_o as_o dio_n relate_v demolish_v the_o trophy_n of_o mithridates_n be_v consecrate_v to_o the_o god_n of_o war._n cicero_n speak_v of_o marcus_n marcellus_n 4._o in_o ver._n 4._o thus_o testify_v of_o he_o quae_fw-la victoria_fw-la profana_fw-la fecerat_fw-la religione_fw-la impeditus_fw-la non_fw-la attigit_fw-la what_o the_o victory_n have_v make_v common_a and_o profane_a that_o his_o conscience_n will_v not_o permit_v he_o to_o touch_v add_v withal_o that_o there_o be_v some_o enemy_n who_o voluntary_o observe_v the_o right_n of_o religion_n and_o of_o custom_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o war._n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o declaim_v against_o the_o war_n make_v by_o brennus_n against_o the_o temple_n of_o apollo_n as_o wicked_a and_o impious_a so_o do_v livy_n against_o that_o act_n of_o pyrrhus_n in_o plunder_v the_o treasury_n of_o proserpina_n which_o he_o call_v foedum_fw-la &_o in_o deos_fw-la superbum_fw-la facinus_fw-la a_o act_n of_o high_a insolency_n against_o the_o go_n the_o same_o livy_n bitter_o inveigh_v against_o the_o war_n which_o philip_n make_v as_o be_v wicked_a and_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v make_v against_o all_o the_o god_n ultra_fw-la enim_fw-la jus_o victoriae_fw-la in_o templa_fw-la in_o aras_n in_o sepulchra_fw-la saeviit_fw-la for_o that_o he_o spare_v neither_o their_o temple_n nor_o their_o altar_n no_o nor_o the_o sepulchre_n of_o the_o dead_a whereat_o polybius_n also_o glance_v add_v his_o own_o judgement_n in_o these_o word_n wilful_o to_o destroy_v those_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v of_o no_o use_n unto_o we_o in_o war_n nor_o do_v much_o incommodate_v our_o enemy_n especial_o temple_n image_n and_o such_o like_a ornament_n who_o can_v deny_v to_o be_v a_o act_n of_o brainsick_a madness_n neither_o do_v he_o herein_o admit_v of_o that_o common_a excuse_n of_o retaliation_n viii_o the_o advantage_n that_o accrue_v by_o this_o moderation_n although_o to_o speak_v proper_o it_o be_v not_o our_o intention_n in_o this_o place_n to_o inquire_v what_o be_v now_o most_o in_o use_n but_o to_o reduce_v that_o loose_a and_o inordinate_a licence_n in_o make_v war_n to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n or_o to_o that_o which_o among_o thing_n lawful_a be_v best_a yet_o will_v virtue_n herself_o be_v but_o little_o value_v in_o our_o age_n plead_v my_o excuse_n if_o see_v she_o by_o herself_o so_o despise_a i_o endeavour_v to_o set_v a_o much_o great_a price_n upon_o she_o by_o propose_v what_o great_a profit_n and_o advantage_n may_v by_o she_o be_v reap_v in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o this_o moderation_n which_o spare_v such_o thing_n as_o do_v not_o protract_v the_o war_n do_v so_o far_o weaken_v the_o enemy_n as_o it_o disarm_v he_o of_o one_o of_o the_o most_o forceable_a engine_n he_o have_v to_o destroy_v we_o which_o be_v desperation_n graec._n zenoph_n hist_o graec._n archidamus_n in_o thucydides_n will_v needs_o persuade_v his_o soldier_n that_o the_o enemy_n country_n whereof_o they_o be_v possess_v be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o hostage_n or_o pawn_n which_o the_o better_a it_o be_v stock_v with_o corn_n and_o cattle_n be_v the_o rich_a and_o so_o the_o better_a great_a reason_n therefore_o we_o have_v to_o spare_v it_o ne_fw-la desperatio_fw-la host_n redderet_fw-la invictiores_fw-la lest_o desperation_n shall_v make_v they_o to_o redouble_v their_o valour_n the_o same_o counsel_n do_v agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n follow_v when_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o acarnanian_o he_o give_v the_o achaian_n a_o free_a liberty_n to_o sow_v their_o corn_n say_v that_o the_o more_o they_o sow_v the_o soon_o they_o will_v harken_v to_o peace_n this_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o the_o satirist_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o spoliatis_fw-la arma_fw-la supersunt_fw-la they_o be_v compel_v to_o live_v by_o force_n and_o arm_n that_o have_v nothing_o else_o to_o live_v by_o this_o be_v the_o usual_a practice_n of_o the_o gaul_n as_o livy_n note_n who_o when_o they_o have_v take_v a_o city_n will_v not_o burn_v all_o their_o house_n that_o so_o they_o may_v pacify_v the_o mind_n of_o their_o enemy_n by_o give_v they_o some_o thing_n when_o it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n to_o have_v destroy_v all_o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o our_o preserve_v the_o enemy_n country_n during_o the_o war_n beget_v in_o the_o soldier_n a_o great_a assurance_n of_o the_o victory_n for_o what_o a_o man_n intend_v and_o can_v make_v his_o own_o he_o will_v not_o be_v easy_o persuade_v to_o destroy_v again_o clemency_n be_v in_o itself_o apt_a to_o soften_v the_o resolution_n and_o animosity_n of_o enemy_n and_o to_o draw_v they_o to_o a_o submission_n hannibal_n spare_v all_o the_o field_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o tarentines_n but_o not_o say_v livy_n out_o out_o of_o modesty_n or_o conscience_n but_o rather_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v the_o soon_o gain_v they_o to_o a_o voluntary_a surrender_n for_o to_o a_o conqueror_n utilis_fw-la est_fw-la clementiae_fw-la fama_fw-la nothing_o be_v more_o advantageous_a than_o the_o fame_n of_o be_v merciful_a especial_o if_o the_o enemy_n be_v any_o way_n diffident_a of_o his_o own_o strength_n thus_o do_v augustus_n caesar_n abstain_v from_o all_o plunder_n and_o rapine_n in_o pannonia_n 49._o lib._n 49._o because_o as_o dio_n give_v the_o reason_n he_o hope_v to_o conquer_v they_o without_o the_o least_o effusion_n of_o blood_n 3._o lib._n 3._o the_o like_a do_v polybius_n testify_v of_o timotheus_n that_o by_o take_v care_n to_o spare_v the_o country_n wherein_o he_o march_v he_o get_v much_o love_n and_o the_o good_a opinion_n of_o his_o enemy_n thus_o plutarch_n commemorate_n the_o same_o care_n in_o quintius_n flaminius_n when_o he_o make_v war_n in_o greece_n add_v this_o as_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o not_o long_o after_o say_v he_o do_v quintius_n reap_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o moderation_n and_o clemency_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v out_o of_o thessaly_n the_o city_n yield_v unto_o he_o and_o the_o grecian_n that_o dwell_v in_o thermopilae_n do_v earnest_o long_a for_o his_o come_n yea_o and_o the_o achaian_n renounce_n their_o confederacy_n with_o king_n philip_n enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o roman_n against_o he_o we_o read_v in_o frontinus_n that_o a_o city_n of_o the_o lingones_n 3._o lib._n 5._o c._n 3._o have_v unexpected_o escape_v a_o general_a devastation_n in_o a_o war_n make_v by_o domitian_n the_o emperor_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o cerealis_n against_o civilis_n the_o batavian_n because_o they_o have_v contrary_a to_o their_o fear_n lose_v nothing_o be_v reduce_v to_o obedience_n supply_v he_o voluntary_o with_o a_o army_n of_o seventy_o thousand_o man_n well_o arm_v whereunto_o also_o we_o may_v add_v that_o from_o the_o contrary_a counsel_n have_v usual_o arise_v clean_o contrary_a effect_n a_o example_n whereof_o livy_n give_v in_o hannibal_n who_o be_v as_o he_o describe_v he_o exceed_v prone_a to_o covetousness_n and_o cruelty_n 26._o lib._n 26._o insomuch_o that_o what_o city_n or_o town_n he_o can_v not_o keep_v he_o will_v total_o spoil_v and_o burn_v which_o livy_n there_o call_v wicked_a counsel_n as_o well_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o of_o the_o success_n of_o it_o for_o he_o do_v not_o only_o thereby_o alienate_v the_o heart_n of_o those_o who_o be_v the_o immediate_a sufferer_n but_o he_o deter_v other_o and_o so_o enforce_v they_o the_o more_o to_o strengthen_v themselves_o against_o he_o because_o ad_fw-la plures_fw-la exemplum_fw-la quam_fw-la calamitas_fw-la pertinebat_fw-la more_n be_v fright_v by_o the_o example_n than_o feel_v the_o calamity_n itself_o and_o therefore_o what_o some_o divine_n have_v observe_v and_o teach_v i_o must_v needs_o assent_v unto_o that_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o such_o commander_n as_o will_v be_v think_v christian_n as_o far_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v to_o intercede_v for_o and_o hinder_v the_o sack_n and_o pillage_n of_o town_n and_o city_n especial_o of_o
such_o thing_n in_o they_o as_o add_v but_o little_a to_o the_o conquest_n be_v take_v away_o and_o yet_o whereby_o many_o innocent_a person_n be_v or_o may_v be_v damnify_v so_o that_o such_o act_n as_o these_o christian_a clemency_n do_v always_o almost_o and_o justice_n itself_o also_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n abhor_v sure_o there_o be_v a_o great_a tie_n and_o obligation_n among_o christian_n than_o there_o ever_o be_v ancient_o among_o the_o grecian_n yet_o we_o find_v a_o decree_n make_v by_o the_o amphictiones_fw-la ne_fw-la qua_fw-la vrbs_fw-la graeca_n bello_fw-la exscinderetur_fw-la that_o none_o of_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n shall_v ever_o be_v burn_v down_o by_o war._n and_o it_o stand_v yet_o record_v by_o some_o ancient_a writer_n that_o alexander_n the_o great_a never_o repent_v any_o thing_n more_o than_o he_o do_v the_o destroy_n of_o thebes_n chap._n xiii_o moderation_n concern_v thing_n take_v in_o war._n i._o the_o good_n even_o of_o our_o enemy_n subject_n be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v to_o be_v detain_v only_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o some_o just_a debt_n ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o man_n crime_n iii_o by_o debt_n here_o all_o the_o charge_n and_o damage_n occasion_v by_o a_o just_a war_n be_v also_o include_v vi_o not_o to_o exact_v the_o utmost_a of_o our_o right_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o humanity_n i._o subject_n good_n take_v in_o war_n detain_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o just_a debt_n the_o take_n of_o our_o enemy_n good_n in_o a_o just_a war_n be_v neither_o altogether_o blameless_a nor_o be_v it_o exempt_v from_o all_o obligation_n of_o restitution_n for_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o which_o be_v do_v right_o we_o can_v neither_o take_v nor_o detain_v more_o from_o our_o enemy_n than_o what_o be_v just_o due_a from_o he_o unless_o it_o be_v such_o thing_n as_o beyond_o what_o be_v due_a we_o be_v enforce_v to_o detain_v for_o our_o necessary_a safety_n which_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v restore_v the_o danger_n be_v pass_v either_o in_o kind_n or_o to_o their_o full_a value_n as_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v 2._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o for_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v to_o the_o good_n of_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o be_v much_o more_o lawful_a to_o the_o good_n of_o those_o that_o be_v our_o enemy_n but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n what_o be_v necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n may_v be_v take_v so_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o purpose_n to_o restore_v it_o as_o be_v already_o prove_v this_o necessity_n create_v a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o take_v that_o wherein_o we_o have_v otherwise_o no_o propriety_n at_o all_o 8._o lib._n 2._o c._n 2._o §_o 6_o 7_o 8._o but_o whereas_o debt_n may_v arise_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o inequality_n that_o there_o be_v in_o thing_n or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o punishment_n due_a for_o some_o act_n of_o injustice_n do_v unto_o we_o we_o may_v in_o either_o of_o those_o case_n possess_v ourselves_o if_o we_o can_v of_o the_o good_n of_o our_o enemy_n but_o yet_o with_o this_o difference_n namely_o in_o the_o former_a of_o these_o case_n the_o good_n not_o of_o the_o principal_a debtor_n only_o but_o those_o of_o his_o subject_n also_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v by_o way_n of_o suretyship_n stand_v oblige_v which_o right_o of_o nation_n we_o conceive_v to_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n than_o that_o which_o consist_v either_o in_o a_o bare_a impunity_n or_o by_o virtue_n of_o external_a judgement_n for_o as_o by_o our_o own_o private_a consent_n or_o agreement_n he_o that_o deal_v with_o we_o for_o what_o be_v we_o seek_v to_o have_v not_o only_o a_o external_a or_o judicial_a right_n but_o a_o internal_a and_o equitable_a also_o in_o that_o which_o he_o deal_v for_o so_o be_v it_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o common_a consent_n or_o agreement_n wherein_o be_v virtual_o contain_v every_o particular_a man_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o law_n be_v call_v the_o common_a pact_n or_o agreement_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n now_o it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o credible_a that_o it_o please_v the_o nation_n that_o such_o a_o right_o shall_v be_v thus_o acquire_v because_o this_o law_n of_o nation_n be_v at_o first_o introduce_v not_o only_o for_o the_o prevention_n of_o great_a mischief_n but_o also_o as_o a_o way_n whereby_o every_o state_n and_o nation_n may_v recover_v their_o own_o ii_o but_o not_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o another_o crime_n but_o if_o the_o debt_n wherein_o a_o foreign_a prince_n stand_v oblige_v unto_o we_o be_v penal_a only_o i_o do_v not_o perceive_v that_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n such_o a_o right_n be_v give_v to_o detain_v his_o subject_n good_n bare_o for_o his_o neglect_n for_o such_o a_o tie_n upon_o another_o man_n good_n will_v be_v odious_a and_o therefore_o shall_v not_o extend_v itself_o far_o than_o the_o person_n offend_v neither_o be_v there_o the_o like_a profit_n arise_v from_o these_o latter_a debt_n as_o from_o the_o former_a for_o the_o former_a debt_n require_v some_o reparation_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o good_n but_o so_o do_v not_o these_o latter_a and_o therefore_o the_o prosecution_n of_o they_o may_v without_o damage_n be_v omit_v neither_o do_v that_o which_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o attic_a law_n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 2._o contradict_v this_o for_o there_o man_n stand_v oblige_v not_o for_o that_o proper_o because_o the_o city_n may_v have_v be_v punish_v but_o only_o to_o compel_v the_o city_n to_o do_v what_o it_o ought_v to_o do_v that_o be_v to_o inflict_v punishment_n upon_o offender_n the_o neglect_n whereof_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o former_a and_o not_o unto_o these_o latter_a sort_n of_o debt_n for_o to_o owe_v a_o duty_n in_o punish_v offender_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o to_o lie_v obnoxious_a to_o punishment_n for_o the_o non-performance_n of_o that_o duty_n be_v another_o the_o omission_n of_o that_o do_v usual_o induce_v this_o yet_o so_o that_o the_o former_a be_v the_o cause_n and_o the_o latter_a the_o effect_n and_o therefore_o the_o good_n of_o a_o enemy_n subject_n can_v lawful_o be_v possess_v by_o way_n of_o punishment_n for_o this_o be_v to_o punish_v the_o innocent_a for_o the_o nocent_a but_o such_o thing_n only_o be_v liable_a to_o this_o debt_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o person_n who_o be_v delinquent_n among_o who_o be_v the_o magistrate_n themselves_o who_o duty_n it_o be_v to_o punish_v but_o do_v it_o not_o iii_o by_o debt_n be_v understand_v the_o subsequent_a charge_n also_o beside_o the_o thing_n belong_v to_o our_o enemy_n subject_n may_v be_v take_v and_o keep_v not_o only_o to_o reimburse_v ourselves_o of_o our_o original_a debt_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o war_n but_o to_o repair_v our_o loss_n and_o expense_n in_o the_o war_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o book_n and_o thus_o must_v we_o understand_v that_o which_o some_o divine_n have_v write_v namely_o that_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n be_v not_o to_o be_v equal_v with_o the_o principal_a debt_n that_o be_v until_o satisfaction_n be_v make_v according_a to_o sound_a judgement_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v in_o the_o war_n itself_o thus_o the_o roman_n in_o their_o treaty_n with_o antiochus_n adjudge_v it_o equitable_a that_o the_o king_n shall_v bear_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n through_o who_o default_n it_o be_v that_o the_o war_n begin_v so_o justine_n impensas_fw-la belli_n lege_fw-la justa_n suscepturus_fw-la qui_fw-la belli_n author_n est_fw-la he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n aught_o by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n to_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o thucydides_n where_o the_o samian_o be_v condemn_v to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n now_o whatsoever_o be_v just_o impose_v on_o the_o vanquish_a may_v by_o the_o conqueror_n be_v exact_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n iv_o for_o humanity_n sake_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o exact_v our_o utmost_a due_n moreover_o this_o also_o must_v be_v remember_v which_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o deliver_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o charity_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o those_o of_o justice_n that_o man_n have_v but_o little_a of_o mercy_n in_o he_o who_o be_v opulent_a use_v the_o extreme_a rigour_n of_o the_o law_n to_o enforce_v from_o his_o poor_a creditor_n the_o utmost_a farthing_n of_o what_o the_o law_n permit_v especial_o if_o that_o debt_n be_v contract_v by_o his_o kindness_n to_o his_o friend_n only_o in_o be_v surety_n for_o he_o very_o lamentable_a be_v the_o condition_n of_o such_o a_o surety_n say_v quintilian_n the_o father_n but_o yet_o such_o a_o creditor_n do_v nothing_o herein_o but_o what_o he_o
liceant_fw-la est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o hominem_fw-la licere_fw-la commune_v jus_o animantium_fw-la vetat_fw-la although_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v to_o a_o slave_n be_v lawful_a yet_o be_v there_o some_o thing_n which_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n prohibit_v to_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n for_o whosoever_o be_v bear_v a_o man_n though_o he_o be_v a_o slave_n phelim_n phelim_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o thereby_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o man_n so_o seneca_n be_v they_o servant_n yet_o be_v they_o man_n 47._o epist_n 47._o be_v they_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o companion_n be_v they_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o humble_a friend_n be_v thy_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o fellow_n servant_n if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v what_o power_n fortune_n have_v over_o either_o of_o we_o and_o a_o little_a after_o in_o the_o same_o epistle_n consider_v that_o he_o who_o thou_o call_v thy_o servant_n be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n equal_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o common_a air_n equal_o to_o breathe_v live_v and_o die_v as_o thyself_o and_o if_o it_o have_v so_o please_v fortune_n may_v as_o well_o have_v see_v thou_o a_o slave_n as_o he_o now_o see_v thou_o a_o freeman_n and_o what_o we_o may_v read_v in_o macrobius_n be_v but_o the_o same_o advice_n that_o st._n paul_n commend_v unto_o we_o 4.1_o coll._n 4.1_o master_n do_v unto_o your_o servant_n that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a as_o know_v that_o you_o also_o have_v a_o master_n in_o heaven_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o admonish_v we_o not_o to_o terrify_v they_o with_o menace_n and_o threaten_n which_o he_o press_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n because_o we_o also_o have_v a_o master_n in_o heaven_n who_o regard_v not_o such_o distinction_n of_o quality_n 14._o lib._n 7._o c._n 14._o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clemens_n romanus_n we_o have_v this_o advice_n govern_v not_o thy_o man_n nor_o thy_o maid-servant_n with_o too_o much_o austerity_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v give_v by_o barnabas_n in_o his_o epistle_n lest_o thereby_o thou_o testify_v against_o thyself_o that_o thou_o fear_v not_o he_o who_o be_v the_o supreme_a lord_n both_o of_o they_o and_o thou_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n also_o exhort_v we_o to_o use_v our_o servant_n as_o our_o second_o self_n see_v that_o they_o be_v man_n as_o well_o as_o we_o imitate_v therein_o that_o wise_a hebrew_n if_o thou_o have_v a_o servant_n use_v he_o as_o a_o brother_n for_o he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o thyself_o iii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o innocent_a let_v we_o now_o admit_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o slave_n the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o uphold_v his_o domestic_a discipline_n but_o then_o let_v that_o jurisdiction_n be_v use_v with_o that_o religious_a moderation_n as_o the_o magistrate_n use_v in_o the_o public_a this_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o seneca_n 47._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 18._o &_o ep._n 47._o in_o thy_o bondman_n thou_o be_v to_o consider_v not_o what_o thou_o may_v inflict_v on_o he_o without_o the_o restraint_n of_o the_o law_n but_o what_o in_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n thou_o ought_v to_o do_v unto_o he_o which_o require_v sometime_o to_o favour_n even_o thy_o captive_n and_o thy_o slave_n who_o thou_o have_v buy_v with_o thy_o money_n 18._o de._n benes_z lib._n 3._o c._n 18._o and_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v subject_n with_o servant_n he_o say_v though_o they_o have_v different_a title_n yet_o be_v the_o licence_n over_o both_o the_o same_o which_o certain_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o particular_a in_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o either_o majores_fw-la nostri_fw-la domum_fw-la nostram_fw-la pusillam_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la our_o ancestor_n say_v seneca_n do_v reckon_v every_o family_n as_o a_o little_a commonwealth_n 43._o ep._n 43._o so_o also_o pliny_n every_o man_n house_n as_o to_o servant_n be_v as_o a_o city_n insomuch_o that_o cato_n the_o censor_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o will_v not_o punish_v any_o of_o his_o servant_n for_o never_o so_o great_a a_o fault_n nisi_fw-la postquam_fw-la damnatus_fw-la esset_fw-la etiam_fw-la conservorum_fw-la judicio_fw-la until_o he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a by_o his_o fellow_n servant_n 15._o job_n 31.13_o 14_o 15._o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o job_n if_o i_o do_v despise_v the_o cause_n of_o my_o manservant_n or_o of_o my_o maid-servant_n when_o they_o contend_v with_o i_o what_o then_o shall_v i_o do_v when_o god_n rise_v up_o and_o when_o he_o visit_v what_o shall_v i_o answer_v he_o do_v not_o he_o that_o make_v he_o make_v i_o and_o do_v not_o one_o fashion_n we_o both_o iu._n nor_o unmerciful_o to_o punish_v he_o yea_o and_o to_o lesser_a punishment_n as_o stripe_n and_o blow_n etc._n etc._n much_o of_o equity_n and_o favour_n be_v to_o be_v show_v to_o captive_n and_o bondman_n thou_o shall_v not_o oppress_v he_o or_o rule_n over_o he_o with_o rigour_n say_v the_o divine_a law_n concern_v the_o hebrew_n servant_n which_o since_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n 25._o levit._fw-la 25._o by_o reason_n of_o that_o affinity_n that_o there_o be_v between_o all_o mankind_n aught_o to_o extend_v to_o all_o servant_n upon_o which_o law_n philo_n thus_o gloss_v servant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o good_n of_o fortune_n be_v our_o inferior_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o common_a nature_n our_o equal_n but_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n say_v he_o be_v not_o that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o fortune_n but_o to_o nature_n master_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o behave_v themselves_o towards_o their_o servant_n insolent_o nor_o to_o abuse_v that_o power_n which_o the_o law_n permit_v they_o thereby_o to_o grow_v cruel_a for_o these_o be_v sign_n not_o of_o a_o meek_a and_o calm_a but_o rather_o of_o a_o froward_a and_o intemperate_a mind_n domineer_a over_o their_o servant_n in_o a_o tyrannical_a way_n legationum_fw-la in_o excerp_v legationum_fw-la priscus_n compare_v the_o roman_n with_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o treat_v captive_n with_o much_o more_o mildness_n than_o other_o do_v perform_v unto_o they_o rather_o the_o office_n of_o father_n and_o tutor_n than_o of_o conqueror_n for_o as_o they_o studious_o withdraw_v they_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o own_o custom_n be_v unlawful_a so_o if_o they_o do_v offend_v they_o only_o correct_v they_o as_o son_n but_o to_o kill_v they_o as_o the_o scythian_n do_v they_o esteem_v utter_o unlawful_a there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o liberty_n indulge_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o lord_n and_o that_o not_o only_o whilst_o they_o live_v but_o at_o their_o death_n for_o whatsoever_o die_v they_o ordain_v or_o appoint_v to_o be_v do_v with_o that_o which_o be_v their_o own_o have_v the_o power_n and_o force_v of_o a_o law_n philo_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o special_a law_n as_o also_o st._n cyprian_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o demetrian_n high_o blame_v this_o severity_n towards_o servant_n if_o thou_o be_v not_o ready_o obey_v in_o all_o thing_n say_v they_o if_o thy_o will_n be_v not_o execute_v as_o a_o law_n thou_o grow_v present_o imperious_a and_o cruel_a thou_o torment_v thy_o slave_n with_o whip_n and_o scourge_n thou_o afflict_a he_o with_o hunger_n thirst_n nakedness_n and_o ofttimes_o wound_v he_o and_o throw_v he_o into_o prison_n and_o yet_o wretched_a man_n that_o thou_o be_v whilst_o thou_o thus_o abuse_v thy_o power_n towards_o thy_o captivate_v slave_n thou_o forget_v thy_o duty_n to_o and_o thy_o fear_n of_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o foolish_a and_o absurd_a say_v seneca_n seneca_n seneca_n than_o to_o make_v the_o condition_n of_o a_o servant_n worse_o than_o that_o of_o a_o beast_n he_o that_o will_v skilful_o manage_v a_o horse_n will_v not_o provoke_v and_o exasperate_v he_o with_o many_o stripe_n for_o unless_o he_o be_v gentle_o handle_v at_o the_o first_o he_o grow_v fearful_a and_o headstrong_a and_o again_o what_o can_v be_v more_o unseemly_a say_v the_o same_o seneca_n than_o to_o exercise_v that_o cruelty_n upon_o a_o man_n though_o our_o slave_n which_o we_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o exercise_v over_o dog_n or_o oxen._a to_o restrain_v which_o brutish_a cruelty_n it_o be_v wise_o provide_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n that_o if_o a_o master_n do_v strike_v out_o the_o eye_n or_o tooth_n of_o his_o servant_n injurious_o he_o be_v for_o that_o eye_n or_o tooth_n sake_n to_o let_v he_o go_v free_a exod._n 21.26_o 27._o whereby_o it_o fall_v out_o say_v philo_z that_o the_o master_n undergo_v for_o his_o cruelty_n a_o double_a punishment_n in_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o servant_n both_o labour_n and_o ransom_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v a_o three_o more_o grievous_a
captivis_fw-la who_o be_v first_o take_v by_o robber_n do_v afterward_o escape_v unto_o the_o enemy_n namely_o that_o it_o be_v true_a that_o he_o be_v take_v away_o 122._o aegid_a regius_n de_fw-fr act._n supern_n do_v 31._o dub_v 7._o n._n 122._o neither_o be_v his_o have_v be_v among_o enemy_n nor_o that_o he_o do_v return_v back_o by_o postliminy_n any_o impediment_n unto_o he_o as_o to_o that_o thing_n the_o very_a same_o answer_n from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n may_v serve_v concern_v he_o who_o be_v take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n and_o afterward_o either_o in_o a_o just_a war_n or_o by_o some_o other_o mean_n come_v under_o the_o power_n of_o another_o for_o as_o to_o that_o which_o we_o here_o call_v internal_a right_n there_o be_v no_o difference_n between_o a_o unjust_a war_n 10._o can._n 10._o and_o piracy_n or_o robbery_n and_o according_a to_o this_o opinion_n do_v gregorius_n neocaesariensis_n frame_v his_o answer_n be_v consult_v with_o concern_v the_o good_n of_o some_o of_o his_o citizen_n which_o after_o they_o have_v be_v take_v away_o by_o the_o barbarian_n be_v receive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o pontus_n ii_o example_n wherefore_o thing_n so_o take_v aught_o in_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o first_o owner_n as_o be_v unjust_o take_v away_o which_o we_o see_v frequent_o do_v livy_n have_v declare_v how_o the_o volsci_n and_o aequi_n have_v be_v conquer_v by_o lucius_n lucretius_n tricipitinus_n say_v 3._o lib._n 3._o that_o the_o spoil_n be_v bring_v and_o expose_v to_o public_a view_n in_o the_o field_n of_o mars_n that_o every_o man_n may_v within_o the_o space_n of_o three_o day_n find_v out_o his_o own_o and_o take_v it_o away_o 10._o lib._n 10._o the_o same_o livy_n in_o another_o place_n have_v relate_v the_o victory_n get_v over_o the_o volsci_n by_o the_o dictator_n posthumius_fw-la tell_v we_o that_o he_o restore_v a_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n to_o such_o as_o know_v their_o own_o of_o another_o part_n whereof_o he_o make_v portsale_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o two_o day_n be_v allow_v for_o every_o man_n to_o come_v in_o and_o to_o lay_v claim_n to_o his_o own_o good_n and_o in_o another_o place_n have_v recite_v the_o joyful_a victory_n which_o the_o samnite_n get_v over_o the_o campane_n wherein_o there_o be_v take_v seven_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o of_o they_o prisoner_n and_o a_o very_a great_a booty_n from_o their_o associate_n he_o likewise_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o right_a owner_n be_v summon_v by_o proclamation_n to_o come_v in_o by_o a_o certain_a day_n to_o find_v out_o and_o receive_v back_o their_o own_o good_n the_o like_a fact_n he_o record_v of_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o samnite_n endeavour_v to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o interamna_n a_o colony_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o not_o able_a to_o keep_v it_o have_v plunder_v the_o city_n and_o depopulate_v the_o country_n and_o drive_v away_o before_o they_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o man_n cattle_n and_o other_o thing_n fall_v unexpected_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_a consul_n in_o his_o return_n from_o luceria_n who_o recover_v the_o spoil_n and_o pursue_v the_o samnite_n with_o great_a slaughter_n at_o last_o expose_v all_o he_o have_v get_v to_o open_a view_n send_v out_o his_o edict_n that_o every_o man_n may_v come_v in_o and_o receive_v his_o own_o the_o same_o author_n speak_v of_o the_o prey_n take_v by_o cornelius_n scipio_n at_o ilippa_n a_o city_n in_o portugal_n say_v all_o which_o be_v expose_v to_o view_v before_o the_o city_n every_o man_n have_v leave_v grant_v to_o search_v out_o and_o take_v away_o what_o be_v his_o own_o the_o rest_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o quaestor_n to_o make_v sale_n of_o which_o be_v present_o do_v and_o the_o money_n divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n so_o again_o after_o the_o battle_n fight_v by_o titus_n gracchus_n at_o beneventum_n 24._o lib._n 24._o the_o whole_a prey_n except_o the_o prisoner_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n but_o the_o cattle_n be_v preserve_v which_o the_o right_a owner_n have_v liberty_n give_v they_o within_o thirty_o day_n to_o find_v out_o and_o to_o recover_v the_o like_a do_v polybius_n record_v of_o l._n aemilius_n who_o have_v conquer_v the_o gaul_n 2._o hist_o l._n 2._o restore_v all_o the_o spoil_n to_o they_o from_o who_o it_o have_v be_v take_v the_o very_a same_o do_v plutarch_n puni_fw-la plut._n apotheg_n appian_n puni_fw-la appian_n and_o diodorus_n testify_v of_o scipio_n the_o african_a who_o have_v take_v carthage_n â—â—funded_v their_o many_o rich_a present_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v take_v from_o the_o city_n of_o sicily_n and_o elsewhere_o and_o bring_v thither_o with_o who_o agree_v valerius_n â—â—aximus_fw-la concern_v the_o same_o scipio_n 6._o lib._n 1._o c._n 1._o n_o 6._o who_o humanity_n say_v he_o be_v such_o that_o have_v take_v ca_n thage_n he_o send_v letter_n to_o all_o the_o city_n of_o sicily_n ver._n orat._n ver._n that_o they_o may_v by_o their_o ambassador_n receive_v back_o all_o the_o ornament_n of_o their_o several_a church_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v take_v from_o they_o which_o he_o desire_v they_o to_o take_v care_n of_o and_o to_o set_v they_o up_o in_o their_o former_a station_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v cicero_n give_v of_o he_o the_o carthaginian_n say_v he_o do_v former_o possess_v themselves_o of_o himera_n one_o of_o the_o beautiful_a and_o best_a adorn_v town_n in_o sicily_n scipio_n esteem_v it_o a_o act_n worthy_a of_o the_o roman_a people_n take_v care_n that_o the_o war_n be_v end_v and_o carthage_n take_v all_o the_o ancient_a ornament_n take_v at_o any_o time_n from_o the_o sicilian_n shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o they_o 37._o lib._n 37._o thus_o do_v the_o rhodian_o restore_v four_o ship_n to_o the_o athenian_n which_o they_o have_v recover_v from_o the_o macedonian_n who_o have_v former_o unjust_o take_v they_o from_o the_o athenian_n so_o likewise_o peneas_n the_o aetolian_a 31._o lib._n 31._o as_o livy_n record_v it_o think_v it_o sit_v that_o all_o that_o before_o the_o war_n begin_v have_v be_v the_o aetolian_n shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o they_o which_o titus_n quintius_n do_v not_o deny_v 33._o lib._n 33._o have_v the_o demand_n be_v only_o of_o city_n take_v in_o war_n and_o have_v not_o the_o aetolian_n first_o break_v the_o law_n of_o friendship_n nay_o even_o those_o good_n that_o be_v at_o first_o consecrate_v to_o the_o temple_n at_o ephesus_n 13._o strab._n l._n 13._o which_o afterward_o their_o king_n make_v their_o own_o the_o roman_n cause_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o former_a condition_n iii_o whether_o any_o thing_n may_v be_v deduct_v but_o what_o if_o such_o good_n so_o take_v shall_v come_v unto_o we_o by_o way_n of_o commerce_n may_v we_o not_o charge_v he_o from_o who_o they_o be_v take_v with_o so_o much_o as_o they_o cost_v we_o we_o may_v as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 9_o say_v lib._n 2._o c._n 10._o §_o 9_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o thing_n so_o desperate_o lose_v will_v probable_o have_v cost_v he_o from_o who_o they_o be_v take_v and_o if_o the_o charge_n may_v be_v require_v of_o he_o why_o may_v not_o our_o labour_n and_o peril_n also_o be_v value_v as_o if_o a_o man_n shall_v recover_v some_o precious_a jewel_n of_o another_o man_n out_o of_o the_o sea_n by_o dive_v unto_o the_o bottom_n very_o pertinent_a unto_o this_o be_v the_o story_n of_o abraham_n return_n from_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o five_o king_n reduxit_fw-la omnes_fw-la illas_fw-la res_fw-la he_o bring_v back_o all_o those_o thing_n 24._o gen._n 13.16_o verse_n 20_o 21_o 22_o 23_o 24._o say_v moses_n i_o e._n which_o the_o king_n have_v take_v away_o neither_o can_v we_o refer_v that_o offer_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sodom_n make_v unto_o abraham_n of_o restore_v the_o man_n and_o detain_v the_o good_n to_o himself_o to_o any_o other_o cause_n than_o this_o that_o those_o good_n shall_v be_v the_o reward_n of_o his_o pain_n and_o peril_n but_o that_o abraham_n refuse_v to_o take_v any_o thing_n to_o himself_o of_o the_o prey_n be_v a_o argument_n of_o he_o no_o less_o piety_n than_o magnanimity_n which_o be_v very_o well_o observe_v by_o jacchiade_n on_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o daniel_n nevertheless_o of_o the_o thing_n so_o recover_v 5.17_o dan._n 5.17_o he_o give_v the_o ten_o to_o god_n as_o be_v due_a to_o himself_o by_o the_o reason_n of_o his_o necessary_a charge_n and_o some_o portion_n thereof_o he_o be_v willing_a shall_v be_v give_v to_o his_o companion_n st_n ambrose_n speak_v of_o this_o generous_a fact_n of_o abraham_n say_v the_o reward_n which_o he_o refuse_v from_o man_n he_o receive_v from_o god_n and_o sulpitius_n speak_v
of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spoil_n say_v that_o abraham_n restore_v it_o to_o those_o from_o who_o it_o be_v take_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o this_o of_o abraham_n be_v that_o heroic_a act_n of_o pittacus_n the_o mytilenean_n 1_o lib._n 6._o c._n 5._o n._n 1._o see_v above_o book_n 2._o chap._n 14._o sect._n 6._o book_n 3._o chap._n 4._o sect._n 1_o record_v by_o valerius_n maximus_n who_o be_v offer_v by_o the_o general_a consent_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o one_o half_a of_o the_o land_n take_v from_o the_o athenian_n for_o his_o good_a conduct_n utter_o refuse_v it_o account_v it_o a_o dishonour_n to_o sully_v the_o glory_n of_o his_o victory_n by_o receive_v so_o large_a a_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n iv_o the_o people_n or_o any_o part_n of_o they_o to_o be_v restore_v if_o unjust_o possess_v as_o thing_n take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n be_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o their_o right_a owner_n so_o a_o people_n or_o any_o part_n of_o a_o people_n ought_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o he_o or_o they_o who_o have_v the_o right_n of_o government_n over_o they_o or_o even_o to_o themselves_o if_o before_o any_o unjust_a force_n be_v use_v against_o they_o they_o be_v a_o free_a people_n thus_o we_o read_v of_o the_o exile_a saguntine_n that_o after_o six_o year_n they_o be_v restore_v by_o the_o roman_n 3._o roman_n liv._o lib._n 2._o lib._n 73._o xenoph._n hist_o graec._n lib._n 3._o so_o anthony_n in_o the_o war_n of_o cassius_n set_v at_o liberty_n all_o those_o that_o be_v make_v bondman_n and_o command_v their_o good_n to_o be_v restore_v unto_o they_o thus_o also_o be_v calatravia_n restore_v by_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o other_o to_o the_o soldier_n from_o who_o the_o moor_n have_v before_o take_v it_o 6._o it_o see_v above_o ch._n 10._o sect._n 6._o and_o so_o also_o be_v sutrium_n take_v and_o restore_v in_o camillus_n time_n as_o livy_n testify_v 34._o testify_v liv._o lib._n 34._o the_o aeginetae_fw-la and_o melii_fw-la be_v likewise_o restore_v to_o their_o city_n by_o the_o lacedemoniaes_n the_o city_n of_o greece_n which_o have_v be_v subdue_v by_o the_o macedonian_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n by_o flaminius_n who_o in_o the_o treaty_n he_o have_v with_o antiochus_n ambassador_n insist_v on_o this_o as_o a_o point_n of_o equity_n that_o the_o asian_a city_n which_o be_v call_v by_o greek_a name_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o their_o liberty_n which_o seleucus_n the_o great_a grandfather_n of_o antiochus_n have_v take_v by_o force_n and_o which_o afterward_o be_v lose_v be_v retake_a by_o the_o same_o antiochus_n for_o say_v he_o those_o grecian_a colony_n be_v not_o send_v into_o aeolia_n and_o jonia_n to_o be_v enslave_v by_o the_o king_n but_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o greek_a race_n and_o to_o propagate_v that_o ancient_a nation_n throughout_o the_o world_n v._o in_o what_o time_n the_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n cease_v it_o be_v sometime_o question_v how_o long_o a_o time_n be_v require_v before_o this_o obligation_n to_o restitution_n cease_v but_o this_o question_n if_o it_o happen_v to_o arise_v between_o subject_n of_o the_o same_o empire_n be_v best_a determine_v by_o their_o own_o law_n that_o be_v in_o case_n those_o law_n will_v admit_v of_o this_o internal_a right_n and_o not_o of_o that_o only_a which_o be_v external_n which_o by_o a_o prudent_a inspection_n into_o the_o word_n and_o purpose_n of_o those_o law_n may_v be_v collect_v but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v between_o such_o as_o be_v stranger_n to_o each_o other_o than_o it_o must_v be_v determine_v by_o a_o sole_a conjecture_n of_o the_o former_a owner_n dereliction_n 4._o lib._n 2._o c._n 4._o whereof_o we_o have_v sufficient_o speak_v as_o far_o as_o be_v fit_a for_o our_o purpose_n vi_o what_o if_o the_o right_n of_o war_n be_v dubious_a but_o if_o the_o right_n of_o war_n be_v very_o ambiguous_a it_o be_v best_o to_o follow_v the_o advice_n of_o aratus_n the_o sicyonian_a as_o king_n ferdinando_n do_v 14._o do_v mariana_n lib._n 29._o c._n 14._o who_o in_o part_n persuade_v the_o new_a occupant_n to_o accept_v of_o present_a money_n and_o to_o yield_v up_o their_o possession_n and_o in_o part_n persuade_v the_o ancient_a lord_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n rather_o than_o to_o hazard_v the_o recovery_n of_o they_o chap._n xvii_o of_o neuter_n in_o war._n i._o from_o neuter_n nothing_o be_v to_o be_v take_v away_o but_o in_o extreme_a necessity_n nor_o then_o without_o restore_v the_o full_a value_n ii_o example_n and_o precept_n of_o such_o abstinence_n iii_o what_o the_o duty_n of_o neuter_n be_v to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o war._n i._o from_o neuter_n nothing_o must_v be_v take_v but_o upon_o pure_a necessity_n though_o it_o may_v seem_v impertinent_a here_o to_o treat_v of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o concern_v in_o war_n because_o against_o these_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o war_n have_v no_o right_a at_o all_o yet_o see_v that_o many_o outrage_n be_v commit_v and_o many_o injury_n do_v against_o such_o if_o borderer_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n upon_o pretence_n of_o necessity_n it_o will_v not_o be_v much_o amiss_o brief_o to_o repeat_v here_o what_o have_v elsewhere_o be_v deliver_v more_o at_o large_a 10._o large_a book_n 2._o ch._n 11._o sect._n 10._o in_o the_o first_o place_n therefore_o we_o must_v remember_v that_o it_o be_v require_v that_o that_o necessity_n that_o give_v we_o a_o kind_n of_o right_a to_o that_o which_o be_v proper_o another_o must_v be_v extreme_a second_o that_o there_o be_v not_o a_o like_a necessity_n in_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o the_o thing_n three_o if_o there_o be_v such_o a_o extreme_a necessity_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o we_o ought_v to_o take_v no_o more_o than_o what_o our_o present_a necessity_n require_v as_o for_o example_n if_o the_o bare_a custody_n be_v sufficient_a we_o ought_v to_o forbear_v the_o use_n if_o the_o use_n be_v necessary_a we_o ought_v to_o forbear_v the_o abuse_n if_o the_o abuse_n be_v necessary_a we_o ought_v to_o give_v the_o full_a value_n of_o it_o to_o the_o right_a owner_n ii_o example_n of_o abstinence_n and_o some_o precept_n moses_n be_v necessitate_v to_o pass_v with_o his_o israelite_n through_o idumaea_n promise_v first_o to_o pass_v only_o through_o their_o highway_n and_o not_o to_o hurt_v either_o their_o field_n or_o vineyard_n and_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v want_v water_n they_o will_v pay_v for_o it_o those_o famous_a general_n both_o of_o the_o greek_n and_o roman_n do_v the_o same_o the_o greek_n in_o xenophon_n xenophon_n xenophon_n under_o clearchus_n promise_v the_o persian_n that_o in_o pass_v through_o their_o country_n they_o will_v offend_v no_o man_n and_o if_o they_o may_v be_v supply_v with_o necessary_n for_o their_o money_n they_o will_v not_o forcible_o take_v either_o meat_n oâ—_n drink_v from_o any_o man_n thus_o do_v dercyllides_n pass_v with_o his_o army_n through_o country_n that_o be_v quiet_a without_o offence_n give_v to_o the_o provincial_n livy_n testify_v the_o same_o of_o king_n perseus_n that_o he_o pass_v into_o his_o own_o dominion_n through_o phthiotis_n achaia_n and_o thessaly_n without_o any_o damage_n or_o injury_n do_v to_o the_o country_n through_o which_o he_o past_a the_o self_n same_o do_v plutarch_n testify_v concern_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o army_n lead_v by_o agis_n the_o spartan_a into_o peloponnesus_n it_o be_v a_o pleasant_a spectacle_n say_v he_o to_o all_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n to_o see_v how_o civil_o and_o inoffensive_o they_o march_v and_o almost_o without_o noise_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v he_o give_v to_o titus_n quintius_n flaminius_n thus_o vellejus_n write_v of_o silvius_n that_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n through_o calabria_n and_o apulia_n into_o campania_n so_o orderly_o and_o with_o such_o singular_a care_n of_o their_o fruit_n field_n city_n and_o people_n 2._o lib._n 2._o as_o if_o he_o have_v come_v into_o italy_n not_o as_o one_o meditate_v revenge_n but_o as_o a_o peacemaker_n manilia_n pro_fw-la lege_fw-la manilia_n tully_n speak_v of_o the_o great_a pompey_n say_v thus_o who_o legion_n come_v into_o asia_n so_o inoffensive_o that_o neither_o the_o hand_n of_o so_o great_a a_o multitude_n nor_o the_o print_n of_o their_o foot_n pomp_n plut._n pomp_n be_v observe_v to_o hurt_v any_o that_o live_v peaceable_o and_o understand_v that_o some_o of_o his_o soldier_n have_v misbehave_v themselves_o in_o their_o march_n sigillum_fw-la gladiis_fw-la eorum_fw-la imposuit_fw-la quod_fw-la qui_fw-la non_fw-la custodisset_fw-la be_v puniebatur_fw-la he_o seal_v up_o their_o sword_n in_o their_o scabbard_n which_o seal_v whosoever_o brake_n be_v severe_o punish_v 2._o lib._n 2._o strat._n c._n 2._o frontinus_n thus_o testify_v of_o domitian_n that_o be_v about_o to_o raise_v new_a fort_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o
frontier_n of_o the_o ubii_n he_o cause_v all_o the_o fruit_n grow_v within_o the_o place_n which_o he_o intend_v to_o entrench_v to_o be_v first_o apprize_v and_o pay_v for_o and_o thereby_o get_v himself_o so_o great_a a_o fame_n for_o his_o justice_n that_o every_o man_n be_v willing_a to_o trust_v he_o so_o likewise_o lampridius_n concern_v the_o parthian_a expedition_n of_o alexander_n severus_n tell_v we_o that_o his_o army_n be_v so_o well_o discipline_v and_o bear_v so_o great_a a_o reverence_n to_o his_o person_n that_o they_o seem_v rather_o senator_n than_o soldier_n for_o the_o tribune_n be_v so_o ready_a the_o captain_n so_o modest_a and_o the_o soldier_n themselves_o so_o friendly_a that_o the_o countrypeople_n wheresoever_o he_o come_v for_o those_o many_o and_o great_a benefit_n they_o receive_v from_o he_o honour_v he_o as_o a_o god_n the_o panegyrist_n speak_v of_o the_o goth_n vandal_n and_o alane_n that_o serve_v under_o the_o emperor_n theodosius_n say_v that_o in_o that_o army_n there_o be_v no_o such_o tumult_n nor_o such_o confusion_n nor_o such_o robbery_n commit_v as_o be_v among_o the_o barbarian_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n there_o happen_v to_o be_v a_o scarcity_n of_o provision_n they_o sustain_v it_o patient_o lessen_v every_o man_n dimensum_fw-la or_o proportion_n as_o either_o their_o number_n increase_v or_o their_o store_n decrease_v which_o very_a praise_n claudian_n give_v unto_o stilico_n tanta_fw-la quies_fw-la tantúsque_fw-la metus_fw-la servator_fw-la honesti_fw-la te_fw-la moderante_fw-la fuit_fw-la nullis_fw-la ut_fw-la vinea_fw-la furtis_fw-la aut_fw-la seges_fw-la erepta_fw-la fraudaret_fw-la messe_n colonum_fw-la the_o army_n thou_o in_o so_o much_o awe_n do_v leave_v that_o no_o man_n vineyard_n be_v of_o fruit_n bereave_v nor_o farmer_n of_o his_o harvest_n hope_v deceive_v concern_v the_o singular_a modesty_n of_o the_o goth_n in_o their_o war_n we_o find_v many_o rare_a testimony_n in_o cassiodore_n 13._o lib._n 5.10_o lib._n 11._o c._n 13._o but_o especial_o in_o the_o twenty_o five_o epistle_n of_o the_o eleven_o book_n where_o he_o bring_v in_o the_o emperor_n give_v his_o charge_n to_o his_o soldier_n you_o shall_v destroy_v neither_o the_o corn_n nor_o the_o meadow_n in_o your_o march_n towards_o we_o but_o you_o shall_v hasten_v hither_o without_o give_v offence_n to_o any_o that_o so_o your_o access_n unto_o we_o may_v be_v acceptable_a who_o for_o this_o very_a reason_n do_v free_o undergo_v the_o whole_a charge_n of_o the_o war_n that_o so_o you_o may_v preserve_v the_o reputation_n you_o have_v gain_v by_o your_o civility_n unblemished_a the_o like_a testimony_n do_v suidas_n give_v of_o belisarius_n who_o admirable_a discipline_n be_v so_o celebrate_v by_o procopius_n procopius_n procopius_n as_o be_v both_o his_o companion_n in_o arm_n and_o a_o witness_n and_o strict_a observer_n of_o all_o his_o action_n who_o excellent_a speech_n to_o his_o soldier_n as_o they_o be_v march_v into_o africa_n be_v worthy_o record_v by_o procopius_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o vandal_n war_n 3._o goth_n l._n 3._o but_o that_o which_o he_o record_v of_o he_o in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o gothick_n deserve_v to_o be_v here_o insert_v who_o word_n sound_v to_o this_o sense_n so_o great_a be_v his_o care_n of_o husbandman_n that_o no_o violence_n be_v at_o any_o time_n offer_v unto_o they_o whilst_o belisarius_n be_v their_o general_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o provincial_n grow_v rich_a whithersoever_o he_o come_v with_o his_o legion_n for_o they_o sell_v they_o necessary_n at_o their_o own_o rate_n and_o when_o the_o corn_n grow_v ripe_a his_o care_n be_v double_v that_o the_o horseman_n shall_v not_o spoil_v it_o nor_o be_v any_o of_o his_o soldier_n permit_v to_o pluck_v so_o much_o as_o a_o apple_n from_o the_o tree_n the_o like_a discipline_n gregoras_n extol_v among_o the_o venetian_n 9_o lib._n 9_o where_o justice_n and_o magnanimity_n seem_v to_o contend_v for_o mastery_n no_o man_n be_v permit_v to_o straggle_v from_o the_o army_n or_o to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o he_o buy_v with_o his_o money_n which_o may_v easy_o be_v do_v where_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o provision_n calcari_fw-la ammianus_n pacatorum_fw-la tellus_fw-la non_fw-la debet_fw-la calcari_fw-la the_o army_n well_o pay_v and_o a_o strict_a discipline_n constant_o observe_v who_o principal_a law_n be_v that_o the_o country_n with_o who_o we_o have_v peace_n shall_v not_o be_v waste_v wherefore_o say_v pliny_n 4._o pliny_n hist_o nat._n l._n 26._o c._n 4._o do_v the_o roman_a general_n make_v it_o their_o great_a care_n in_o their_o war_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v freedom_n of_o commerce_n whereunto_o cassiodore_n give_v this_o answer_n 1â—_n answer_n cassiod_n 14._o c._n 1â—_n ut_fw-la habeat_fw-la mile_n quod_fw-la emat_fw-la ne_fw-la cogatur_fw-la cogitare_fw-la quod_fw-la auferat_fw-la that_o what_o the_o soldier_n want_v he_o may_v buy_v which_o otherwise_o he_o shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o steal_v vopiscus_n bring_v in_o the_o emperor_n aurelian_a give_v this_o charge_n to_o his_o soldier_n aurel._n soldier_n vopis_n lib._n 18._o aurel._n nemo_fw-la pullum_fw-la alienum_fw-la rapiat_fw-la let_v none_o of_o you_o presume_v to_o take_v away_o a_o chicken_n or_o a_o sheep_n of_o another_o man_n let_v none_o of_o you_o presume_v to_o trample_v down_o the_o corn_n to_o pluck_v a_o grape_n or_o forcible_o to_o require_v from_o any_o man_n either_o oil_n salt_n or_o wood_n etc._n etc._n so_o likewise_o in_o cassiodore_n vivre_fw-fr cum_fw-la provincialibus_fw-la jure_fw-la civili_fw-la nec_fw-la insolescat_fw-la animus_n qui_fw-la se_fw-la sentit_fw-la armatum_fw-la let_v the_o soldier_n live_v with_o the_o provincial_n according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n neither_o let_v they_o grow_v insolent_a because_o they_o know_v themselves_o to_o be_v arm_v for_o the_o shield_n of_o our_o army_n ought_v to_o protect_v our_o friend_n in_o peace_n apposite_z whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o xenophon_n 6._o exp_v l._n 6._o no_o city_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n can_v be_v compel_v to_o give_v we_o any_o thing_n against_o their_o will_n by_o all_o which_o wise_a precept_n we_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v those_o caution_n which_o the_o great_a prophet_n give_v unto_o the_o soldier_n who_o demand_v of_o he_o what_o they_o shall_v do_v luke_n 3.14_o 19.11_o luke_n 3.14_o accuse_v no_o man_n for_o oppress_v or_o defraud_v no_o man_n psal_n 118.121_o prov._n 14.33.22.16_o levit._fw-la 19.11_o namely_o offer_v violence_n to_o no_o man_n accuse_v no_o man_n false_o and_o be_v content_a with_o your_o wage_n where_o by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o word_n here_o translate_v accuse_v no_o man_n may_v as_o well_o be_v translate_v as_o it_o be_v elsewhere_o oppress_v no_o man_n or_o defraud_v no_o man_n as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o greek_a version_n of_o the_o same_o word_n job_n 35.9_o and_o other_o place_n and_o by_o the_o vulgar_a latin_a luke_n 19.8_o agreeable_a whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o aurelian_a in_o vopiscus_n let_v the_o soldier_n be_v content_a with_o his_o allowance_n and_o let_v he_o choose_v rather_o to_o enrich_v himself_o with_o the_o spoil_n of_o his_o enemy_n than_o with_o the_o tear_n of_o stranger_n there_o be_v many_o excellent_a penal_a law_n in_o gregory_n turonensis_n to_o this_o purpose_n that_o of_o frederick_n the_o first_o gunther_n thus_o translate_v si_fw-la quis_fw-la pacificae_fw-la plebis_fw-la villasve_fw-la domosve_fw-la vsserit_fw-la abrasis_fw-la signabitur_fw-la ora_fw-la capillis_fw-la et_fw-la pulsus_fw-la castris_fw-la post_fw-la verbera_fw-la multa_fw-la recedet_fw-la who_o peaceful_a country_n waste_v or_o house_n burn_v be_v brand_v in_o the_o front_n with_o hair_n all_o shear_v and_o smart_o whip_v shall_v from_o the_o camp_n be_v turn_v neither_o be_v there_o any_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o these_o thing_n thus_o generous_o speak_v can_v be_v do_v for_o neither_o will_v so_o holy_a a_o man_n as_o st_n john_n be_v advise_v nor_o so_o many_o wise_a law_n maker_n command_v that_o which_o they_o believe_v to_o be_v impossible_a beside_o what_o we_o have_v see_v do_v we_o must_v needs_o grant_v may_v be_v do_v but_o that_o it_o have_v be_v do_v we_o have_v already_o prove_v by_o many_o example_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o notable_a one_o of_o frontinus_n recite_v out_o of_o scaurus_n of_o a_o appletree_n hang_v full_a with_o fruit_n camp_n a_o appletree_n in_o a_o camp_n which_o happen_v to_o stand_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o ground_n whereon_o the_o camp_n be_v that_o day_n pitch_v be_v the_o next_o day_n the_o whole_a army_n be_v go_v leave_v with_o all_o her_o fruit_n untouched_a and_o that_o exemplary_a punishment_n take_v by_o niger_n on_o a_o soldier_n of_o he_o for_o but_o take_v away_o of_o a_o dunghill_n cock_n as_o it_o be_v relate_v by_o spartianus_n 28._o lib._n 28._o livy_n have_v declare_v how_o dissolute_o the_o
of_o his_o epistle_n to_o his_o son_n wherein_o he_o advise_v he_o to_o take_v heed_n how_o he_o engage_v in_o battle_n for_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n be_v then_o no_o soldier_n so_o we_o read_v in_o plutarch_n of_o one_o chrysantas_n a_o soldier_n under_o cyrus_n marcello_n plut._n quaest_n rom._n 39_o &_o the_o marcello_n who_o have_v his_o sword_n lift_v up_o to_o kill_v his_o enemy_n and_o hear_v the_o trumpet_n sound_v a_o retreat_n withdraw_v his_o hand_n and_o will_v not_o hurt_v he_o as_o if_o it_o be_v only_o the_o necessity_n of_o obey_v his_o general_n that_o can_v justify_v a_o soldier_n in_o kill_v his_o enemy_n without_o which_o it_o will_v be_v no_o better_o than_o homicide_n seneca_n tell_v we_o that_o that_o soldier_n be_v useless_a that_o neglect_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o retreat_n 9_o de_fw-fr ira._n c._n 9_o now_o they_o that_o conceive_v this_o to_o proceed_v only_o from_o the_o external_a right_n of_o nation_n be_v mistake_v for_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o right_o only_o 7._o bo._n 3_o ch_n 6._o supra_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 7._o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n as_o to_o possess_v himself_o of_o his_o enemy_n good_n as_o have_v be_v say_v so_o to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n also_o for_o by_o that_o right_n host_n pro_fw-la nullis_fw-la habentur_fw-la enemy_n be_v not_o reckon_v as_o man_n this_o therefore_o that_o cato_n advise_v proceed_v from_o the_o roman_a military_a discipline_n which_o provide_v that_o he_o who_o be_v a_o soldier_n observe_v not_o the_o word_n of_o command_n though_o the_o success_n be_v good_a shall_v notwithstanding_o be_v put_v to_o death_n as_o modestinus_n observe_v but_o he_o that_o without_o order_n or_o command_v shall_v engage_v in_o fight_n with_o a_o enemy_n be_v so_o understand_v as_o if_o he_o wilful_o disobey_v his_o general_n command_n 12._o livy_n lib._n 7._o plut._n paral_a rom._n &_o grae._n paral_a 12._o as_o we_o be_v teach_v as_o well_o by_o the_o severity_n of_o manlius_n to_o his_o own_o son_n as_o by_o the_o like_a proceed_n of_o epaminondas_n against_o he_o because_o in_o case_n such_o thing_n may_v rash_o be_v do_v it_o may_v happen_v that_o soldier_n may_v sometime_o desert_v their_o own_o station_n which_o licence_n increase_a the_o whole_a army_n or_o some_o part_n thereof_o may_v happen_v to_o be_v unexpected_o engage_v on_o term_n very_o unequal_a which_o by_o all_o mean_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o acidius_fw-la cassius_n past_o the_o sentence_n of_o death_n in_o the_o like_a case_n evenire_fw-la potuit_fw-la ut_fw-la essent_fw-la infidiae_fw-la it_o may_v have_v so_o happen_v say_v he_o that_o ambush_n have_v be_v lay_v to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o army_n and_o therefore_o sallust_n in_o his_o description_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o war_n as_o well_o they_o who_o contrary_a to_o command_v have_v fight_v the_o enemy_n as_o they_o who_o be_v call_v back_o make_v not_o their_o return_n in_o time_n be_v frequent_o punish_v a_o certain_a spartan_a be_v just_a about_o to_o kill_v his_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v in_o his_o power_n hear_v the_o trumpet_n sound_v a_o retreat_n sudden_o stay_v his_o hand_n give_v this_o reason_n for_o it_o praefectis_fw-la parêre_fw-la satius_fw-la est_fw-la quà m_fw-la hostem_fw-la occidere_fw-la better_a it_o be_v to_o obey_v our_o commander_n than_o to_o kill_v our_o enemy_n and_o plutarch_n give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n why_o he_o that_o be_v dismiss_v the_o army_n have_v no_o right_a to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n because_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v by_o any_o military_a law_n which_o they_o that_o be_v to_o fight_v the_o enemy_n be_v oblige_v to_o observe_v 17.6_o 17.6_o epictetus_n in_o arrian_n recite_v the_o fact_n beforementioned_a of_o chrysantas_n add_v tanto_fw-la illi_fw-la potius_fw-la videbatur_fw-la ducis_fw-la quam_fw-la svam_fw-la voluntatem_fw-la exequi_fw-la that_o he_o think_v it_o much_o better_a to_o execute_v the_o command_n of_o his_o captain_n than_o to_o humour_v his_o own_o passion_n but_o if_o we_o respect_v that_o right_n which_o be_v internal_a and_o natural_a it_o seem_v lawful_a in_o a_o just_a war_n for_o any_o man_n to_o do_v those_o thing_n whereby_o the_o innocent_a party_n may_v receive_v benefit_n so_o as_o he_o exceed_v not_o the_o just_a measure_n of_o make_v war_n not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o make_v any_o thing_n that_o he_o take_v from_o the_o enemy_n his_o own_o for_o to_o he_o there_o be_v not_o any_o thing_n owe_v unless_o haply_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n which_o he_o exact_v by_o that_o right_n which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o mankind_n which_o in_o what_o measure_n it_o be_v by_o the_o evangelical_n law_n restrain_v may_v easy_o be_v understand_v by_o what_o we_o have_v say_v above_o 17._o lib._n 2._o c._n 17._o now_o a_o command_n in_o war_n may_v be_v either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n as_o when_o in_o a_o tumult_n among_o the_o roman_n the_o consul_n cry_v out_o qui_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la saluam_fw-la volunt_fw-la i_o sequantur_fw-la let_v they_o that_o wish_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n follow_v i_o nay_o nead_v seru._n ad_fw-la 8._o ae._n nead_v sometime_o this_o power_n of_o kill_v be_v grant_v to_o every_o subject_a beyond_o what_o be_v do_v in_o our_o own_o defence_n if_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o public_a safety_n ii_o what_o reformado_n and_o privateer_n may_v do_v by_o internal_a right_n against_o a_o enemy_n a_o special_a charge_n or_o command_v to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n may_v be_v give_v not_o only_o to_o they_o who_o receive_v pay_v but_o to_o those_o who_o go_v to_o war_n on_o their_o own_o charge_n or_o which_o be_v yet_o more_o who_o administer_v upon_o their_o own_o charge_n a_o part_n of_o the_o war_n as_o they_o that_o build_v set_v out_o and_o maintain_v man_n of_o war_n at_o their_o own_o private_a charge_n who_o instead_o of_o pay_n gain_v to_o themselves_o whatsoever_o they_o can_v take_v from_o the_o enemy_n as_o be_v elsewhere_o declare_v 6._o declare_v bo._n 3._o ch_n 6._o which_o how_o far_o it_o be_v agreeable_a to_o that_o which_o we_o call_v internal_a justice_n be_v worthy_o dispute_v this_o justice_n have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o enemy_n or_o to_o the_o city_n with_o which_o we_o make_v our_o contract_n from_o a_o enemy_n the_o possession_n of_o all_o thing_n that_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war_n may_v for_o our_o own_o security_n be_v take_v away_o but_o this_o must_v be_v under_o a_o condition_n of_o restitution_n but_o the_o dominion_n or_o property_n in_o those_o thing_n must_v be_v no_o far_o retain_v than_o will_v serve_v to_o compensate_a the_o cost_n and_o damage_n which_o that_o city_n that_o maintain_v the_o war_n have_v be_v at_o either_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n whether_o the_o thing_n so_o take_v belong_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o we_o or_o some_o private_a citizen_n thereof_o though_o haply_o of_o themselves_o they_o be_v innocent_a but_o the_o good_n of_o such_o of_o their_o subject_n as_o be_v nocent_a or_o in_o actual_a arm_n against_o we_o may_v be_v take_v and_o detain_v by_o way_n of_o just_a punishment_n thing_n therefore_o take_v from_o the_o enemy_n may_v be_v they_o who_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n maintain_v part_n of_o the_o war_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o enemy_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o to_o balance_v their_o damage_n and_o expense_n with_o some_o allowance_n for_o the_o peril_n they_o undergo_v which_o also_o ought_v to_o be_v value_v by_o equal_a arbitrator_n iii_o what_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o own_o city_n but_o as_o to_o the_o city_n with_o who_o we_o contract_v the_o same_o will_v be_v internal_o just_a if_o at_o least_o there_o be_v a_o equality_n in_o the_o contract_n that_o be_v in_o case_n the_o charge_n and_o peril_n we_o undergo_v be_v but_o equivalent_a to_o the_o body_n we_o take_v or_o may_v hope_v to_o gain_v but_o if_o the_o booty_n hope_v for_o do_v in_o value_n surmount_v the_o charge_n and_o danger_n the_o overplus_n ought_v to_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o city_n just_a as_o he_o that_o buy_v at_o a_o low_a prize_n the_o cast_n of_o a_o net_n which_o though_o uncertain_a yet_o be_v easy_o make_v and_o yet_o of_o great_a hope_n if_o it_o answer_v his_o expectation_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v to_o he_o with_o who_o he_o do_v contract_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v the_o balance_n even_o iu._n what_o christian_a charity_n require_v but_o suppose_v that_o what_o we_o do_v thus_o take_v be_v no_o more_o than_o what_o in_o strictness_n of_o justice_n we_o may_v keep_v yet_o may_v we_o thereby_o break_v the_o bond_n of_o charity_n
wherein_o as_o christian_n we_o stand_v oblige_v as_o in_o case_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o booty_n so_o take_v do_v not_o impoverish_v the_o commonwealth_n or_o the_o king_n that_o maintain_v the_o war_n or_o those_o particular_a person_n that_o be_v in_o actual_a arm_n against_o we_o but_o rather_o such_o particular_a person_n as_o be_v innocent_a who_o likewise_o be_v thereby_o reduce_v into_o so_o miserable_a a_o condition_n that_o in_o case_n we_o shall_v cast_v those_o who_o be_v private_o indebt_v unto_o we_o into_o the_o like_a we_o shall_v be_v think_v unmerciful_o cruel_a whereunto_o if_o we_o likewise_o add_v that_o the_o spoil_n we_o take_v from_o these_o contribute_v little_a or_o nothing_o either_o to_o the_o finish_n of_o the_o war_n or_o to_o the_o enfeeble_v of_o the_o enemy_n strength_n it_o will_v easy_o convince_v we_o that_o it_o will_v ill_o become_v a_o honest_a man_n much_o less_o a_o christian_n to_o make_v a_o advantage_n to_o himself_o by_o the_o sole_a infelicity_n of_o the_o time_n for_o which_o very_a thing_n it_o be_v that_o plutarch_n so_o high_o blame_v crassus_n say_v pleraque_fw-la horum_fw-la ex_fw-la igne_fw-la belloque_fw-la rapuit_fw-la nihil_fw-la magis_fw-la lucro_fw-la habens_fw-la quam_fw-la commune_v calamitates_fw-la the_o great_a part_n of_o who_o riches_n he_o gain_v by_o fire_n and_o by_o war_n raise_v his_o private_a fortune_n by_o nothing_o more_o than_o by_o public_a calamity_n v._o how_o a_o private_a war_n may_v be_v mix_v with_o a_o public_a but_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o public_a war_n there_o arise_v a_o private_a as_o if_o a_o man_n fall_v by_o accident_n among_o his_o enemy_n and_o be_v thereby_o in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n or_o good_n in_o which_o case_n such_o mean_n as_o we_o have_v already_o grant_v 1._o grant_v lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o may_v lawful_o be_v use_v in_o defence_n of_o our_o life_n and_o fortune_n we_o read_v that_o sometime_o in_o war_n private_a profit_n be_v warrant_v by_o public_a authority_n as_o when_o a_o man_n have_v sustain_v some_o extraordinary_a damage_n by_o the_o enemy_n obtain_v of_o his_o prince_n a_o commission_n to_o repair_v his_o loss_n by_o what_o he_o can_v get_v from_o the_o enemy_n which_o also_o be_v to_o be_v limit_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n 2._o lib._n 3._o c._n 2._o as_o pledge_n and_o such_o like_a thing_n be_v that_o be_v leave_v in_o gage_n vi_o how_o far_o he_o stand_v oblige_v who_o without_o command_n hurt_v a_o enemy_n but_o in_o case_n any_o soldier_n or_o other_o shall_v in_o a_o just_a war_n set_v fire_n to_o a_o enemy_n house_n or_o destroy_v his_o field_n or_o commit_v such_o and_o such_o like_a act_n whereby_o the_o enemy_n be_v damnify_v without_o special_a order_n or_o command_v from_o his_o superior_n whereunto_o we_o must_v add_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o case_n of_o necessity_n or_o for_o some_o other_o just_a cause_n that_o man_n according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o our_o best_a divine_n stand_v oblige_v to_o make_v satisfaction_n i_o have_v here_o add_v what_o they_o have_v omit_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o other_o just_a cause_n because_o if_o there_o be_v any_o such_o cause_n he_o may_v haply_o be_v bind_v to_o answer_v for_o it_o to_o his_o own_o prince_n or_o state_n who_o law_n he_o have_v transgress_v but_o not_o to_o his_o enemy_n to_o who_o he_o have_v do_v no_o wrong_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o answer_n which_o a_o certain_a carthaginian_a make_v to_o the_o roman_n who_o demand_v that_o hannibal_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o they_o we_o say_v he_o be_v not_o to_o dispute_v with_o you_o whether_o saguntum_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o private_a command_n of_o hannibal_n or_o by_o the_o public_a decree_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a senate_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v just_o or_o unjust_o do_v for_o it_o belong_v unto_o we_o only_o to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n be_v our_o subject_n whether_o he_o do_v it_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n or_o by_o we_o this_o only_o concern_v you_o to_o inquire_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v do_v by_o that_o league_n which_o we_o have_v make_v with_o you_o chap._n xix_o concern_v faith_n to_o be_v keep_v between_o enemy_n i._o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o enemy_n ii_o the_o opinion_n that_o faith_n be_v not_o to_o be_v keep_v with_o thief_n and_o tyrant_n refute_v iii_o this_o argument_n that_o such_o deserve_v punishment_n answer_v be_v not_o considerable_a when_o we_o treat_v with_o they_o as_o such_o iu._n nor_o will_v it_o avail_v to_o urge_v that_o the_o promise_n be_v extort_a through_o fear_n if_o he_o that_o make_v the_o promise_n be_v not_o himself_o affright_v v._o or_o if_o the_o promise_n be_v confirm_v by_o oath_n though_o with_o man_n such_o a_o violation_n be_v not_o punishable_a vi_o this_o fit_v to_o rebellious_a subject_n in_o arm_n vii_o a_o notable_a difficulty_n handle_v concern_v promise_n make_v to_o subject_n in_o respect_n 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to_o the_o like_a value_n xviii_o or_o if_o the_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v due_a by_o way_n of_o punishment_n xix_o how_o these_o take_v place_n in_o war._n i._o that_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v with_o the_o enemy_n of_o all_o sort_n we_o have_v already_o show_v what_o and_o how_o much_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v in_o war_n simple_o and_o in_o itself_o consider_v we_o be_v now_o to_o consider_v what_o and_o how_o much_o may_v be_v do_v as_o consider_v in_o relation_n to_o some_o forego_v promise_n namely_o concern_v the_o faith_n which_o enemy_n ought_v to_o keep_v one_o with_o another_o it_o be_v notable_o say_v by_o silius_n a_o italian_a poet_n concern_v a_o roman_a consul_n optimus_fw-la ille_fw-la militiae_fw-la cvi_fw-la postremum_fw-la primúmque_fw-la tueri_fw-la inter_fw-la bella_fw-la fidem_fw-la he_o among_o general_n the_o best_a praise_n deserve_v who_o first_o and_o last_o in_o war_n his_o faith_n preserve_v xenophon_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v agesilaus_n from_o his_o example_n conclude_v thus_o so_o great_a and_o excellent_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v for_o every_o man_n but_o especial_o general_n to_o be_v just_a and_o to_o be_v so_o account_v in_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o oath_n and_o promise_n 4._o leuct_v 4._o so_o aristides_n in_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n and_o of_o all_o other_o public_a agreement_n they_o be_v ever_o most_o to_o be_v regard_v that_o be_v most_o just_a there_o be_v no_o man_n as_o cicero_z well_o observe_v but_o approve_v of_o and_o commend_v that_o affection_n of_o mind_n by_o which_o no_o profit_n be_v seek_v after_o but_o rather_o faith_n be_v preserve_v against_o profit_n it_o be_v the_o public_a faith_n only_o as_o quintilian_n the_o father_n right_o observe_v that_o make_v truce_n even_o among_o arm_a troop_n and_o that_o conserves_n the_o right_a of_o surrender_a city_n i'faith_o say_v the_o same_o quintilian_n 29._o lib._n 2._o c._n 29._o be_v the_o strong_a and_o most_o indissoluble_a bond_n of_o humane_a society_n sacra_fw-la laus_fw-la fidei_fw-la inter_fw-la host_n its_o reputation_n be_v great_a even_o among_o enemy_n fides_n sanctissimum_fw-la humani_fw-la pectoris_fw-la bonum_fw-la faith_n say_v seneca_n be_v the_o most_o precious_a ornament_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n the_o best_a gift_n that_o god_n bestow_v upon_o man_n the_o strong_a support_n of_o humane_a society_n it_o be_v the_o cement_n that_o bind_v up_o all_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n between_o man_n and_o man_n qua_fw-la sine_fw-la non_fw-la tellus_fw-la pacem_fw-la non_fw-la aequoâ—a_fw-la norunt_fw-la justitiae_fw-la censor_n tacitúmque_fw-la in_o pectore_fw-la numen_fw-la without_o she_o no_o peace_n be_v firm_a either_o by_o land_n or_o sea_n she_o be_v justice_n mate_n a_o inward_a deity_n the_o roman_n place_v she_o in_o their_o capitol_n next_o to_o
whether_o a_o error_n do_v excuse_v we_o as_o to_o those_o promise_n make_v through_o error_n or_o misbelief_n we_o have_v already_o declare_v that_o we_o have_v a_o power_n to_o retract_v they_o when_o that_o which_o be_v erroneous_o believe_v be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o promise_n as_o when_o a_o man_n believe_v his_o own_o son_n to_o be_v dead_a adopt_v another_o to_o be_v his_o heir_n v._o the_o objection_n draw_v from_o public_a profit_n answer_v 6._o b._n 2._o ch_n 11._o §_o 6._o but_o how_o far_o forth_o the_o power_n of_o private_a man_n extend_v in_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o a_o enemy_n be_v a_o question_n of_o great_a difficulty_n certain_a it_o be_v that_o no_o private_a man_n can_v alienate_v that_o which_o be_v public_a for_o if_o so_o great_a a_o power_n be_v not_o to_o be_v give_v to_o a_o general_n much_o less_o to_o private_a man_n as_o be_v elsewhere_o prove_v 7._o prove_v ch._n 22._o sect._n 7._o and_o yet_o what_o contract_v private_a man_n may_v make_v with_o a_o enemy_n concern_v their_o own_o private_a affair_n whether_o action_n or_o thing_n may_v very_o well_o be_v doubt_v because_o we_o can_v well_o grant_v these_o to_o our_o enemy_n without_o endamage_v our_o own_o party_n whence_o it_o will_v appear_v that_o all_o such_o contract_v make_v be_v unlawful_a as_o well_o with_o citizen_n in_o respect_n of_o that_o supereminent_a power_n their_o city_n have_v over_o they_o as_o with_o mercenary_a soldier_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o military_a oath_n but_o yâ—t_o we_o must_v know_v that_o such_o agreement_n be_v make_v to_o prevent_v a_o great_a or_o more_o certain_a mischief_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v rather_o as_o beneficial_a than_o destructive_a even_o to_o the_o public_a for_o always_o a_o lesser_a evil_a be_v compare_v with_o a_o great_a have_v the_o appearance_n of_o good_a according_a to_o that_o say_v of_o he_o in_o appian_n of_o evil_n the_o lesser_a be_v most_o eligible_a and_o yet_o neither_o can_v that_o bare_a faith_n whereby_o a_o man_n do_v not_o utter_o renounce_v all_o power_n that_o he_o have_v over_o himself_o and_o all_o that_o he_o have_v nor_o can_v the_o public_a benefit_n without_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o law_n be_v of_o that_o efficacy_n as_o to_o make_v void_a that_o which_o be_v do_v so_o as_o it_o shall_v have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a right_n though_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o that_o which_o be_v promise_v be_v contrary_a to_o his_o duty_n that_o promise_v it_o the_o law_n indeed_o may_v take_v away_o this_o power_n from_o its_o subject_n whether_o they_o be_v native_n or_o sojourner_n but_o it_o do_v not_o always_o do_v so_o for_o it_o spare_v citizen_n neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o always_o do_v it_o 12._o book_n 1._o ch._n 4._o sect._n 7._o 21._o book_n 2._o chap._n 14._o sect._n 12._o for_o humane_a law_n as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v do_v then_o bind_v when_o make_v after_o a_o humane_a way_n but_o do_v lose_v their_o bind_a power_n when_o they_o impose_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v either_o altogether_o unreasonable_a or_o unnatural_a for_o those_o law_n or_o particular_a mandate_n which_o do_v manifest_o enjoin_v such_o thing_n be_v not_o to_o be_v either_o hold_v or_o obey_v as_o law_n for_o all_o general_a law_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v with_o so_o much_o favour_n to_o humanity_n ☜_o ☜_o as_o not_o to_o bind_v in_o case_n of_o extremity_n but_o if_o that_o act_n which_o by_o any_o law_n or_o precept_n be_v prohibit_v and_o though_o do_v declare_v to_o be_v void_a may_v with_o equal_a right_n be_v so_o prohibit_v then_o shall_v that_o act_n of_o a_o private_a person_n be_v altogether_o void_a yet_o may_v that_o man_n be_v just_o punish_v because_o he_o promise_v that_o which_o he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o perform_v especial_o if_o being_n bind_v by_o oath_n he_o shall_v do_v it_o vi_o this_o apply_v to_o a_o captive_n promise_v to_o return_v into_o captivity_n a_o promise_n make_v by_o a_o prisoner_n to_o return_v into_o prison_n be_v deserve_o bind_v because_o it_o render_v not_o his_o condition_n worse_o than_o it_o be_v and_o therefore_o that_o fact_n of_o regulus_n be_v not_o only_o glorious_a but_o just_a for_o as_o cicero_n well_o observe_v regulus_n ought_v not_o by_o his_o perjury_n to_o interrupt_v that_o general_a traffic_n and_o commerce_n of_o war_n or_o to_o break_v those_o mutual_a covenant_n and_o convention_n make_v between_o enemy_n yea_o although_o as_o horace_n speak_v he_o can_v not_o choose_v but_o know_v the_o torture_n threaten_v by_o his_o barbarous_a foe_n for_o even_o when_o he_o do_v engage_v himself_o by_o promise_n to_o return_v he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a what_o they_o may_v do_v so_o of_o those_o ten_o captive_n send_v to_o rome_n eight_o of_o they_o deny_v that_o they_o have_v any_o right_a to_o recover_v their_o estate_n by_o postliminy_n be_v bind_v by_o oath_n to_o return_v back_o 18._o lib._n 7._o c._n 18._o as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o gellius_n vii_o or_o to_o such_o a_o place_n or_o not_o to_o take_v arm_n some_o prisoner_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n upon_o their_o promise_n that_o they_o will_v not_o return_v to_o such_o a_o place_n or_o that_o they_o will_v never_o more_o bear_v arm_n against_o they_o under_o who_o power_n they_o then_o be_v a_o example_n of_o the_o former_a we_o may_v find_v in_o thucydides_n where_o the_o ithomenses_n engage_v themselves_o to_o the_o lacedaemonian_n to_o depart_v out_o of_o peloponnesus_n and_o never_o to_o return_v thither_o again_o and_o of_o the_o latter_a example_n be_v now_o very_o frequent_a a_o ancient_a example_n whereof_o be_v leave_v we_o by_o polybius_n where_o we_o find_v that_o the_o numidian_n be_v dismiss_v by_o amilcar_n 2._o goth._n l._n 2._o upon_o condition_n that_o none_o of_o they_o shall_v ever_o engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n the_o like_a condition_n we_o find_v impose_v on_o the_o herulean_n in_o procopius_n yet_o there_o be_v that_o hold_v such_o a_o agreement_n to_o be_v void_a as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v unto_o our_o country_n but_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v as_o before_z that_o not_o every_o thing_n that_o we_o do_v contrary_a to_o our_o duty_n be_v present_o void_a beside_o it_o be_v not_o against_o our_o duty_n to_o procure_v our_o own_o liberty_n by_o such_o a_o promise_n because_o be_v already_o under_o the_o power_n of_o the_o enemy_n until_o we_o be_v dismiss_v we_o be_v as_o useless_a to_o our_o country_n as_o if_o we_o be_v dead_a wherefore_o our_o country_n condition_n can_v be_v make_v worse_o by_o such_o a_o promise_n viii_o not_o to_o fly_v some_o there_o be_v that_o engage_v themselves_o not_o to_o make_v their_o escape_n and_o herein_o also_o faith_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v though_o when_o we_o make_v that_o promise_n we_o be_v under_o restraint_n though_o some_o there_o be_v that_o hold_v otherwise_o for_o by_o this_o very_a promise_n either_o our_o life_n be_v sometime_o preserve_v or_o we_o enjoy_v the_o more_o liberty_n but_o yet_o if_o after_o this_o promise_n make_v we_o be_v still_o keep_v under_o a_o close_a restraint_n we_o be_v thereby_o discharge_v of_o our_o promise_n if_o it_o be_v make_v upon_o condition_n that_o we_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o bind_v ix_o a_o captive_n take_v by_o one_o can_v yield_v himself_o to_o another_o it_o be_v but_o a_o foolish_a question_n that_o some_o make_v whether_o he_o that_o be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o one_o may_v yield_v himself_o prisoner_n to_o another_o for_o it_o be_v too_o clear_a that_o no_o man_n can_v take_v away_o that_o right_n which_o another_o man_n have_v gain_v by_o any_o contract_n that_o he_o can_v make_v for_o by_o the_o very_o right_o of_o war_n or_o partly_o by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o grant_n of_o he_o that_o maintain_v the_o war_n according_a to_o what_o we_o bave_v already_o say_v a_o prisoner_n take_v in_o war_n be_v he_o that_o take_v he_o x._o whether_o private_a man_n may_v be_v compel_v by_o their_o prince_n to_o perform_v what_o they_o have_v promise_v as_o concern_v the_o effect_n of_o such_o agreement_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a question_n namely_o whether_o private_a man_n in_o case_n they_o neglect_v to_o perform_v what_o they_o have_v promise_v may_v be_v compel_v thereunto_o by_o their_o superior_a power_n whereunto_o the_o best_a answer_n be_v that_o they_o may_v but_o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n only_o because_o they_o that_o make_v war_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n each_o to_o other_o to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v right_a and_o just_a even_o concern_v the_o fact_n of_o private_a man_n as_o if_o a_o ambassador_n be_v public_o send_v from_o a_o enemy_n shall_v by_o a_o private_a person_n be_v assault_v wherefore_o that_o motion_n
injury_n offer_v to_o humane_a nature_n 1._o lib._n 1._o romulus_n in_o livy_n make_v it_o his_o request_n to_o his_o neighbour_n that_o they_o will_v not_o disdain_v by_o interchangable_a marriage_n to_o mix_v generation_n with_o they_o and_o canuleius_n in_o the_o same_o author_n plead_v thus_o we_o say_v he_o require_v but_o lawful_a wedlock_n which_o to_o neighbour_n nation_n and_o foreigner_n be_v usual_o grant_v what_o be_v unjust_o deny_v 17._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 2._o c._n 17._o may_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n be_v just_o take_v say_v aug._n now_o whereas_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o some_o people_n do_v careful_o provide_v against_o such_o marriage_n they_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o this_o reason_n because_o in_o the_o time_n when_o those_o law_n be_v make_v there_o be_v hardly_o any_o nation_n or_o people_n but_o be_v sufficient_o store_v with_o woman_n or_o that_o those_o law_n be_v not_o intend_v to_o interdict_v all_o such_o marriage_n but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v legitimate_a or_o just_a that_o be_v which_o shall_v produce_v some_o special_a effect_n of_o a_o civil_a right_n xxii_o a_o right_a to_o do_v such_o act_n as_o be_v permit_v to_o all_o stranger_n among_o such_o act_n whereunto_o a_o right_a in_o common_a be_v give_v by_o supposition_n we_o be_v to_o reckon_v those_o which_o a_o prince_n or_o people_n do_v promiscuous_o permit_v to_o all_o stranger_n for_o that_o nation_n be_v injure_v which_o be_v exclude_v thus_o if_o it_o be_v permit_v in_o any_o place_n for_o stranger_n to_o hunt_n fish_n hawk_n gather_v pearl_n if_o it_o be_v allow_v they_o to_o receive_v legacy_n to_o sell_v commodity_n if_o even_o where_o there_o be_v no_o scarcity_n of_o woman_n to_o contract_v marriage_n these_o can_v be_v deny_v to_o any_o one_o people_n unless_o they_o have_v some_o way_n abuse_v their_o liberty_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v 20._o judg._n 20._o that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o hebrew_n deny_v to_o intermarry_a with_o the_o benjamite_n xxiii_o i_o mean_v such_o as_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o right_n of_o nature_n not_o out_o of_o grace_n and_o favour_n but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o act_n only_o as_o be_v permit_v as_o it_o be_v by_o virtue_n of_o that_o liberty_n which_o nature_n give_v be_v restrain_v or_o take_v away_o by_o no_o law_n but_o not_o of_o such_o as_o be_v indulge_v to_o any_o nation_n as_o act_n of_o grace_n dispense_n with_o the_o law_n for_o to_o deny_v a_o courtesy_n be_v no_o injury_n xxiv_o whether_o to_o engross_v all_o the_o fruit_n of_o one_o kind_n be_v lawful_a another_o question_n be_v frequent_o start_v which_o be_v this_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o nation_n to_o contract_n with_o another_o for_o all_o their_o fruit_n of_o such_o a_o kind_n which_o be_v not_o where_o else_o to_o be_v find_v so_o that_o they_o shall_v sell_v none_o to_o any_o other_o nation_n this_o in_o my_o opinion_n may_v be_v lawful_a if_o that_o people_n that_o shall_v so_o buy_v they_o be_v willing_a to_o communicate_v to_o other_o at_o a_o reasonable_a price_n for_o it_o concern_v not_o other_o nation_n much_o by_o who_o they_o be_v supply_v with_o their_o natural_a want_n so_o as_o they_o be_v supply_v and_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o to_o anticipate_v other_o in_o matter_n of_o profit_n especial_o if_o there_o be_v any_o special_a cause_n for_o it_o as_o in_o case_n the_o people_n make_v this_o contract_n shall_v undertake_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o other_o people_n and_o shall_v for_o that_o cause_n be_v at_o some_o expense_n or_o charge_n for_o such_o a_o engross_a make_v with_o such_o a_o intent_n as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o natural_a right_n although_o it_o be_v sometime_o prohibit_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o original_a acquisition_n of_o thing_n where_o also_o of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o river_n i._o that_o thing_n be_v original_o acquire_v either_o by_o division_n or_o occupancy_n ii_o other_o way_n refute_v as_o the_o concession_n of_o right_n incorporeal_a iii_o as_o that_o also_o of_o specification_n iv_o occupancy_n twofold_n either_o of_o empire_n or_o of_o dominion_n this_o explain_v v._o that_o the_o right_n of_o occupancy_n as_o to_o thing_n movable_a may_v by_o law_n be_v prevent_v vi_o the_o dominion_n of_o infant_n and_o madman_n by_o what_o right_o hold_v vii_o that_o river_n may_v be_v acquire_v by_o occupancy_n viii_o whether_o the_o sea_n also_o may_v be_v so_o ix_o ancient_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n that_o be_v not_o lawful_a x._o but_o as_o to_o such_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o be_v include_v by_o land_n on_o each_o side_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n do_v not_o impugn_v it_o xi_o how_o such_o a_o right_n of_o occupancy_n may_v be_v make_v and_o how_o long_o it_o last_v xii_o that_o such_o a_o occupancy_n give_v no_o right_a to_o impede_fw-la a_o innocent_a passage_n of_o ship_n upon_o they_o xiii_o that_o empire_n over_o some_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n and_o how_o fourteen_o that_o toll_n for_o certain_a cause_n may_v be_v impose_v on_o such_o as_o traffic_v by_o sea_n xv._o of_o agreement_n which_o forbid_v some_o people_n to_o sail_v beyond_o certain_a bound_n xvi_o a_o river_n change_v its_o course_n whether_o it_o change_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o territory_n explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n xvii_o what_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v in_o case_n a_o river_n do_v manifest_o change_v its_o course_n xviii_o that_o the_o whole_a river_n do_v sometime_o pass_v with_o the_o territory_n xix_o that_o thing_n clear_o desert_v become_v the_o next_o occupant_n unless_o the_o propriety_n be_v hold_v in_o general_a by_o some_o prince_n or_o people_n i._o how_o thing_n become_v we_o original_o thing_n may_v become_v we_o by_o a_o particular_a right_n either_o by_o a_o originary_a or_o by_o a_o derivative_a acquisition_n originary_a acquisition_n when_o man_n begin_v first_o to_o associate_v together_o may_v also_o arise_v by_o division_n as_o we_o have_v say_v but_o now_o by_o occupancy_n only_o ii_o other_o mean_n refute_v but_o some_o man_n may_v haply_o say_v that_o somewhat_o of_o originary_a right_n may_v also_o be_v acquire_v by_o some_o service_n do_v or_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o pledge_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o he_o that_o thorough_o weigh_v the_o matter_n it_o will_v appear_v that_o this_o be_v no_o new_a right_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o manner_n for_o it_o be_v first_o virtual_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o lord_n iii_o paulus_n the_o lawyer_n to_o the_o cause_n of_o acquisition_n add_v this_o which_o indeed_o seem_v most_o natural_a if_o we_o ourselves_o have_v give_v be_v to_o that_o which_o we_o claim_v as_o we_o but_o since_o nothing_o can_v natural_o be_v make_v without_o some_o pre-existing_a matter_n now_o if_o that_o be_v we_o the_o species_n be_v introduce_v the_o dominion_n will_v be_v continue_v but_o if_o the_o matter_n pre-existing_a belong_v to_o none_o then_o shall_v the_o right_o be_v acquire_v by_o a_o kind_n of_o occupancy_n but_o if_o it_o it_o belong_v to_o another_o then_o that_o the_o right_n of_o propriety_n descend_v not_o natural_o unto_o we_o alone_o will_v appear_v by_o what_o follow_v iv_o occupancy_n twofold_n of_o empire_n or_o dominion_n now_o let_v we_o examine_v whether_o that_o occupancy_n which_o after_o those_o first_o time_n be_v the_o only_a natural_a mean_n of_o gain_v propriety_n be_v also_o the_o originary_a of_o thing_n that_o proper_o belong_v to_o none_o two_o thing_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v hold_v in_o propriety_n namely_o empire_n and_o dominion_n as_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o empire_n which_o seneca_n thus_o difference_v ad_fw-la reges_fw-la potestas_fw-la omnium_fw-la pertinet_fw-la ad_fw-la singulos_fw-la proprietas_fw-la to_o king_n appertain_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o all_o to_o private_a man_n the_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n of_o what_o be_v they_o 5._o ch._n 5._o and_o a_o little_a after_o rex_fw-la omne_fw-la imperio_fw-la possidet_fw-la singuli_fw-la dominio_fw-la king_n hold_v all_o by_o their_o sovereignty_n and_o private_a man_n what_o be_v they_o by_o dominion_n and_o again_o caesar_n omne_fw-la habet_fw-la fiscus_n autem_fw-la privata_fw-la tantum_fw-la &_o sva_fw-la caesar_n have_v all_o yet_o be_v his_o exchequer_n private_a only_o 54._o lib._n 10._o ep._n 54._o and_o his_o own_o so_o symmachus_n concern_v king_n you_o rule_v all_o but_o preserve_v to_o every_o one_o his_o own_o of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v dion_n prusaensis_n regio_fw-la civitatis_fw-la est_fw-la at_o non_fw-la eo_fw-la minus_fw-la in_o ea_fw-la suum_fw-la cuique_fw-la possidet_fw-la the_o whole_a country_n be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o city_n yet_o in_o it_o every_o