Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	agree_v	part_n	zion_n	28	3	10.0946	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A53222	America : being the latest, and most accurate description of the new vvorld containing the original of the inhabitants, and the remarkable voyages thither, the conquest of the vast empires of Mexico and Peru and other large provinces and territories : with the several European plantations in those parts : also their cities, fortresses, towns, temples, mountains, and rivers : their habits, customs, manners, and religions, their plants, beasts, birds, and serpents : with an appendix containing, besides several other considerable additions, a brief survey of what hath been discover'd of the unknown south-land and the arctick region : collected from most authentick authors, augmented with later observations, and adorn'd with maps and sculptures / by John Ogilby ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.; Montanus, Arnoldus, 1625?-1683. Nieuwe en onbekende weereld.	1671 (1671)	Wing O165; ESTC R16958	774,956	643

bold Exploit we shall give a particular Account of it from a late Writer who hath set forth the Life of that brave English Heroe In the Year of our Lord 1580. about the end of February setting Sail from St. Christophers for Hispaniola by the Way they met with a small Frigat bound for San Domingo and the Men of her being Examin'd one assur'd them that the Haven of it was a barr'd Haven and the Shore well fortifi'd so that there was no convenient Landing within ten English Miles of the City whither this Man undertook to conduct them January the first they Landed ten Miles from the City and marching thither under the Command of the Lieutenant General arriv'd about one a Clock in the Afternoon when they came near about a hundred and fifty Gentlemen well Mounted presented themselves against them but the small Shot playing upon them they departed and the English proceeded towards the two Gates of the City that lay towards the Sea both which the Spaniards had Mann'd and planted their Ordnance without the Gates and some small Shot in an Ambush by the Way-side The English being about twelve hundred Men divided themselves the Lieutenant-General leading the one half to one Gate and Captain Powel the other half to the other Gate vowing that with God's assistance they would not rest till they met in the Market-place No sooner had the Spaniards discharg'd their Ordnance doing some little Execution but the Lieutenant-General hasted or rather ran upon them to prevent their Charging again and notwithstanding their Ambush entred Pell Mell with them into the Gate not staying till he came into the Market-place unto whom shortly after came Captain Powel with his Companies This Place they strengthned with Barricado's the City being too large to be guarded by so small and weary an Army And after Mid-night they in the Castle hearing some of the English busie about the Gate quitted it some being taken Prisoners and others escaping by Boats The next day the English enlarg'd their Quarters and fortifi'd themselves and held the Town for a Moneths space During this time the General sent a Negro Boy with a Flag of Truce to the Spaniards who by the Way was met by some Officers of the Galley which the English had taken together with the City who furiously thrust the poor Boy through the Body who returning to the General and having declar'd how barbarously they had us'd him fell down and died in his Presence The General being much mov'd herewith commanded the Provost-Martial to take two Fryers and to carry them to the same place with a sufficient Guard and there to hang them and withal he sent one of the Prisoners to inform the Spaniards why he did it and to tell them that till the Party who had thus murder'd his Messenger were deliver'd to him there should no day pass wherein he would not hang two Prisoners till all were consum'd Hereupon the day following the Murtherer was brought and an Offer made to deliver him to the General who yet thought it more honorable to make them perform the Execution themselves in the sight of the English which was done accordingly During their abode here Commissioners oft pass'd between the Spaniards and them about the Ransom of the City but not agreeing the English spent every Morning till the heat of the Day in firing and destroying the Houses in the outward part of the City two hundred Mariners being employ'd therein for divers days yet were the Houses built so magnificently and strongly of Stone that they could not consume one third part of the Town all that time whereupon the General was contented to accept of twenty five thousand Ducats of 5 s. 6 d. apiece to spare the rest Here his Soldiers met with good Pillage especially of rich Apparel but Treasure they found none for the Spaniards by their Cruelties had so destroy'd the Natives who us'd to work in the Mines of Gold and Silver that they were wholly given over and in that Island they were forc'd to use Copper Money yet they found store of Wine Oyl Vinegar Wheat Woollen and Linnen Cloth some Silks c. which much reliev'd them there was but little Plate found but good store of Porcelane or China Dishes yet some they found and very costly Houshold-stuff PORTO RICO Hispaniola is surrounded with several other Isles as 1. Eastward appears Saona full of pleasant Woods and Pastures with Cattel feeding on them in former times it produc'd much Cazabi for the City Domingo but since the Spaniards murder'd all the Inhabitants Anno 1502. it hath never been inhabited 2. The Rocky Shelf St. Catalina 3. Abaque 4. Navaza 5. Guanabo 6. Tortuga abounding in Hogs and 7. Beata famous for the excellent speckled Wood which grows there and a swift River which oftentimes detains the Ships there whole Moneths CHAP. XIV Porto Rico and Monico Bounds and Extent of Porto Rico. ANother of those call'd The Isles of Barlovento is Boriquen anciently so nam'd but now more generally Porto Rico from St. Juan de Porto Rico its chief Town is an Island fifteen Leagues distant from Santa Crux to the North-West and about as many from Hispaniola to the South-East but from the Continent or main Land of Paria which seems to be the nearest a hundred and thirty or a hundred thirty six as some reckon It lieth almost in a quadrangular Form being suppos'd to contain about thirty Leagues in length and not less than twenty in breadth in eighteen and nineteen Degrees of Northern Latitude The Island on the North which is less fruitful than the South part produces Gold and is generally water'd with many Rivers There is also Silver Tin Lead Quicksilver and Azure us'd by Painters The Rain generally falls there between May and August A little before or in the beginning of Harvest the Hurricanes breaking forth from the Clouds rage in such a manner that it is impossible for any Ships to endure the Sea and a Northern Blast generally doth great damage to the Plants here Twenty three Rivers discharge their Waters also into the Ocean Rivers amongst which the chiefest is Cairabon particularly noted for ten Sugar-Mills which are erected upon its Banks The Hills Trees Plains and Valleys are invested with variety of Trees peculiar to this place as Tabunuco which affords a medicinal Gum good against Lameness and green Wounds it is also of great use to preserve a Ship 's Keel from the Worms Another Tree call'd Maga is everlasting Wood and bears a great Flower like a Rose The Leaves of the Higillo Pintado-Tree cures all manner of Bruises The same power is also in the little Tree Sancta Maria as likewise in another by the Spaniards call'd Balsamo The Body of the Tree Zoyla is so thick that fifteen Men holding Hands together cannot encompass the same The speckled Wood and Cassia Fistula grow also here in great abundance The poisonous Apple-Tree Here is likewise

know not where another Here also is added by St. Jerom Hieron in c. 2. Ephes what an antient Writer saith Great care hath been taken in Computing the Age of this World and if there be another which Commenc'd not with ours as Clemens mentions in his Epistles where are scituate those Seas and Lands that make that second World Or is it a part of that in which Adam was Created Or may it not rather Metaphorically be taken for Worldly Affairs govern'd by the Prince of the Air ruling in the Hearts of the Children of Disobedience The Antients opinion of an unknown world But Pliny Cicero and Virgil the best in their kind of Latin Writers concur That there may be a habitable World under our Horizon in the temperate Southern Zone beyond the extream heat and on this side of the Antartick colds But what signifies all this to the Discovery of America which lies not onely under the scorching Heats of the Equinox but under the Frosts and Snows of the Artick and Antartick-Poles In Comment super Obad. v. 19 20 21. And they of the south shall possess the mount of Esau and they of the plain the Philistines and they shall possess the fields of Epharim and the fields of Samaria and Benjamin shall possess Gilead And the captivity of this host of the children of Israel shall possess that of the Canaanites even unto Zarepath and the captivity of Jerusalem which is in Sepharad shall possess the Cities of the south And saviors shall come upon mount Zion to judge the mount of Esau and the kingdom shall be the LORDS If America is known in the Scripture Yet less probable is that which Lodowick Leo an Augustine Frier takes out of Obadiah as if that Prophet in the three last Verses of his Prophecy should speak of the Spaniards which should not onely discover and Conquer America but also Convert the Inhabitants to the Christian Faith because those that are in Sepharad should Inherit and Possess the Cities of the South And Saviours shall arise from the Mountains of Zion to judge the Mount and Wealth of Esau But certainly Obadiah meant no other than the Restauration of the Jews from the Captivity of Babylon who after their return should grow more powerful than ever and they led by their Messias obtain the height of all felicity who would send his Evangelists and Apostles to declare Salvation to the utmost Borders of the Earth It is true that the Rabins Expound Sepharad to be Spain and therefore he concludes that Obadiah Prophesi'd of the Spaniard and their Conquests in America so they would prove that America was long known before Christ And lastly It signifies as little what Pineda and Levinus Lemnius drive at That Solomon first finding the use of the Compass Solomon's Fleet sail'd not to Peru. Rigg'd a Navy at Ezion-Geber which from the Red-Sea had no indirect Course to the Straights of Magellan from whence he might Lade his Vessels with the Gold of Peru. In whose Description it shall be manifested that Peru is not Ophir as some without any shew of Reason or Truth would make us believe Solomon did not find the Compass But as concerning King Solomon's finding out the use of the Magnet it is soon said but not easily prov'd for though that Prince exceeded all Man-kind in Wisdom and Learning and was perfect in the Operations and knew the Occultest Secrets of Nature understanding what e're belong'd to Plants from the Cedar of Libanus to Hysop and the meanest Shrub that grows upon the Wall yet it nothing makes out that he knew the Mystery of the Navigable use of the Load-Stone But suppose he did know there is no where any mention of it and if this excellent thing the Compass had been found in Solomon's time how came it afterwards so utterly to be lost Albertus Magnus mistakes when he ascribes the knowledge of the Compass to Aristotle of which he himself makes not the least mention neither Galen Alexander Aphrodisiensis Pliny Lucretius nor any of the Roman Greek Arabian or other Countrey Writers whatsoever Load-stone by whom found Some give the honor thereof to an Indian others to a Shepherd in Mount Ida whose Clouted Shooes being full of Hob-Nails the Iron sticking fast to the Stones on which he stood stopt his motion And although the Antients found but many Secrets of Nature amongst which this of the Load-Stone Attracing Iron as being its proper Food and the three sorts of the Magnet of which some will not draw Steel found by Theamedes a Greek Author and other since well known Properties Yet they never attain'd that knowledge that the Load-Stone would ease Pain Strange operations of the Loadstone and stop the effusion of Blood though the edge piercing the Skin open'd the Vein as Hieronimus Cardanus experienc'd on himself and others De subtilitate l. 7. which he had from Laurentius Guascus a great Chyrurgeon Much less that the Needle of the Compass being touch'd by the Load-Stone on the Northside of the Equinox respects the North but depressing the Artick and raising the Antartick Pole it looks as stedfastly towards the South But far less dreamt they of its several variations Variance of the Compass according to the Coasts that are nearest as when you come from the Island del Cuervo the Point varies more West but Sailing towards the Equinox it varies Eastward by which we may absolutely conclude that without this use of the Load-Stone first found by Flavius Melvius a Neapolitan Genebrad Chron. in the Year 1303. it was altogether impossible to reach America So that Joseph de Acosta mistakes When and by whom the Compass was found who gives the honor of the finding so great a benefit to Navigation to some Mahumetan Sea-men which Vasques de Gama met with near Mosambique who had Sail'd those Seas by the use thereof whereas Gama's Expedition was above a hundred years after Melfius who liv'd in such a juncture of time for Mathematical Learning that few Ages boasted the like For then flourish'd in England and were Contemporaries besides others abroad Richard Wallingford Nicolas de Lynna John Halifax Walter Britte John Duns and John de Lignarijs all eminent in Astronomical Arts belonging to Navigation and doubtless no small helps to Melfius in this his happy Invention Lastly We will relate what hath been held as a seeming Testimony that America was known to the Europeans before the Birth of our Saviour by an antique Meddal of the Emperor Augustus digg'd out of the Ground in Peru and sent to his Holiness at Rome which may well be reckon'd with the like Cheat contriv'd by Hermicus Cajadus Anno 1505. near Syntra a Town in Portugal where three Marbles Ingraven with antient Characters concerning a Prophecy of discovering the East-Indies by the Portuguese in the Reign of King Emanuel were privately bury'd under Ground and not long after by a pretended accident digg'd out which made

time four hundred Hollanders Sallying out made a furious Onset upon the two Regiments who had possession of the Cloyster Bento where the Spaniards sustain'd considerable damage for besides the wounding of three Captains and the loss of a great number of Soldiers there were slain the Commanders Emanuel Aquitara Alonso de Gana Pedro San Stevan Diego Espinosa and Colonel Pedro Osorio But Toledo no whit dismay'd hereat but taking fresh courage brought twenty nine Demi-Culverins ashore which fir'd so vehemently out of the Carmelites and Bento's Cloysters on the seventeen Dutch Ships that lay near the Shore that several of them were sunk and others shatter'd beyond hopes of ever being repair'd After this the Spanish Army was divided into three several Parties which continually fir'd on the City from three new rais'd Works the chiefest Party which was in the Carmelites Minster had twenty three Brass Guns the secon'd plac'd on the great Wall of the Cloyster Bento fir'd Night and Day with eight Demy-Cannons on the City in which all things were in a confusion whilest the Governor William Schouten went unconcern'd from one Tavern to another railing at the Soldiers who thereupon mutinying and deposing him chose Serjeant Hans Ernst Kyf in his room who as he was calling a Council of War receiv'd a Summons from Toledo to deliver up the City at which Kyf being much surpris'd sent a Drummer with a Letter to Toledo desiring him to grant the Besieged three Weeks time to repair and make fit their batter'd Vessels to carry them back for Holland and also that they might according to Martial Custom march out with lighted Matches flying Colours Bullets in their Mouths and with Bag and Baggage To which Toledo return'd Answer That he was now in his own Countrey and had gotten possession of four Fortifications about St. Salvador on which he had planted thirty seven Cannons and therefore saw no such necessity to grant the Besieged who could not possibly expect any fresh Supplies such advantageous and bold Demands and onely promis'd them their Lives should be at his discretion Yet at last William Stoop Hugh Antoniszoon St. Salvador re-taken by the Spaniards from the Hollanders and Francis du Chesne being sent to the Carmelites Cloyster agreed with Toledo on these Conditions That the Hollanders should surrender St. Salvador in the Condition it was then in march out unarm'd but with Baggage and have a free Pussage with Provisions and all things necessary allow'd them for their Trasportation for Holland Whereupon on the first of May the City was deliver'd up to the Spaniards in such disorder that some of them had taken possession of the Gate Bento before those on the other side of the City knew of any Agreement that was made between Toledo and Colonel Kyf And thus the Place which had a whole year been under the Jurisdiction of the Netherlanders fell again under the possession of the Spanish Crown onely through the indiscreet management of the Commanders for otherwise it was sufficiently strong and well stor'd with Ammunition and Men being able to make out two thousand Moreover the Ketch De Haes was set out before from the Holland Fleet and brought news of the Forces that were sent from the Netherland Havens to their assistance But the Ships under Admiral Lam as also those under Boudewyn Henriczoon were stay'd a considerable time in their Harbors by contrary Winds and at last reaching the Line were becalm'd and through the excessive heat of the Climate many Men lost by raging and mortal Distempers insomuch that they reach'd not the Bay Todos los Sanctos before the twenty sixth of May on which they saw the Spanish Flag streaming from the Walls of St. Salvador and fifty great Ships riding at an Anchor near the Shore The Netherland Fleet divided into four Squadrons consisted of thirty four Sail amongst which Lam carry'd the Flag on the Main-top the Vice-Admiral Adrian Cheszoon on the Fore-top the Rere-Admiral Adries Veron on the Main-mast and the Commander of the fourth Squadron on the Mizne-top All of them seeing the Spaniards absolute Masters judg'd it most convenient to put to Sea but standing a pretty while to the South they found that the strong Current drove them to the Shelves on the West-side of the Inlet wherefore Tacking about they made towards the Enemy who at first seem'd to meet them with twenty eight great Ships but returning towards the City the Hollanders also stood to Sea again Steering Southerly though without making much advantage in their Way the Sea going very hollow and the strong Current setting them towards the Shore by which means they were in no small danger before the River Francisco where many of the Men dy'd for want of fresh Provisions and the number of the Sick increas'd daily insomuch that some of the Ships were like to perish for want of Men to guide them It was also judg'd dangerous to lie longer with such a great Fleet near a Lea-Shore herefore they put into the Inlet Trayciaon which lies a League to the Northward of he River Monguapigape from whence a ridge of Rocks extends to Tayciaon and being overflow'd at High-water hath three Openings or Entrances two for great Ships and one the most Northern for small Vessels to pass through The Sea also breaking against this Cliff never molests the Ships whatever Winds blow The Countrey is overgrown with Brambles and hath a Lake two Leagues long and a quarter broad on the opposite Shore of which stood a Village inhabited by Portugueses and Brasilians but the Portugueses flying from thence left the Brasilians in absolute possession The Hollanders going thither found thirty Chests of Sugar in one Hut after which the Admiral Lam caus'd his sick Men to be brought ashore whilest the Captains Boshuisen Swart Dyke Stapels and Uzeel march'd up into the Countrey where they got plenty of Oranges and Cattel In the mean time the Ketch Vosken Mann'd with thirty six Seamen Cruising along the Sea-Coast of Brasile took three Ships one out of the Inlet Todos los Sanctos laden with Sugar and Tobacco another with the same Merchandise from Pernambuco and the third laden with Wines from Madera On the first of August the Fleet set Sail again to the great sorrow of the Brasilians who out of hopes of being protected by them against the Portuguese had joyn'd their Forces with theirs but now being forsaken they expected nothing but utter Ruine which to escape many of them desir'd to be admitted to go along with the Fleet which had been granted them had not the Hollanders wanted Provisions for themselves The Fleet getting off at Sea the Admiral Veron ran with twelve Sail to the Coast of Africa and Boudewyn Henrickszoon kept eighteen Ships under his Command the rest returning home with Admiral Lam and thus the Fleet left the unfortunate Haven Trayciaon where above seven hundred Dutch Seamen were bury'd Boudewyn Henrickszoon refreshing at Cape St. Vincent steer'd Westerly when

march'd into the Woods after they had burnt three Ships and two Store-houses full of Sugar in which there were consum'd near upon three hundred Chests Before this Design upon Parayba was undertaken the West-India Company sent out four Vessels under the Command of John Walbeek to the Isle Curacao the Situation of which John Otzon knew exactly having been a long time a Prisoner there Walbeek getting through a narrow Mouth between several Rock into a convenient Harbor before Curacao Landed seventy five Musquetteers who were Encountred by seventy Brasilians Arm'd with Clubs which the Spaniards had animated to fight by making them half Drunk The Hollanders having march'd all over the Island burnt the Village Maria and at last agreed with the Governor Alonso Lopes de Morla to leave the Isle Schuppe chang'd the Name of Parayba or Nossa Sennora das Nieves or Philippea into Frederick-Stadt in honor to the Prince of Orange nam'd Frederick Henrick Parayba or Henrick-stadt describ'd This City hath two great Market-places twelve Streets and a large Franciscan Cloyster built near a Lake and inclos'd within a Wall by a broad Bay which the River Parayba makes before the City the Countrey about which is mountainous In other places especially along the River lie many fruitful Plains abounding in some places with the Grain Mandihoca which is ground to Meal Potato's Lemmons Cabbages Cucumbers Bananas Cocoa-Nuts Ginger Araba very delicious when Preserv'd with Sugar and Cacious somewhat like Chesnuts of which the Natives make an intoxicating Liquor Whilest all things were put in good order at Parayba Colonel Picard march'd with eight Companies to the House Validaris if possible there to take the Governor Antonio Albuquerque Prisoner but he being forsaken by all the Brasilians who came back with Picard and their Commander the Jesuit Emanuel de Morais absconded himself not long before which a Proclamation had been publish'd in the Name of the States of the United Netherlands and the West-India Company promising great Civilities and Advantages to all the Inhabitants of Parayba whether Natives or others that would come in and submit to their Government This Invitation was so well receiv'd that many who were kept back so long as Albuquerque appear'd as soon as they heard of his obscuring himself came in to the Hollanders as Duarte Gomes and several eminent Portugueses with a considerable ●umber of indifferent quality as also the Inhabitants of the Province of Rio Grande ●ame to Frederick-Stadt to claim the benefit of the Proclamation Arcisseusky and Stackhower marching to Goyana with seven hundred and fifty Men took up their Quarters in the Village Capivaribi lying at a River of the same Name where all the Inhabitants of Goyana being fully satisfi'd with the Hollanders Proposals own'd their Government and fell off from the King of Spain Rebellino forced to flye from place to place But the Spanish ●aptain Rebellino animated by the Jesuits in the Village Mosuick got three hundred ●oldiers together besides a considerable company of Brasilians Commanded by ●amaron and burnt all the Sugar-Canes and Brasile Wood in Goyana whither Arcisseusky marching soon put them to flight and burnt the Village Mosuick with the ●hurch and Jesuits Cloyster from whence the Enemy ran to the strange Mountain ●iritbi which in the rainy Season especially when great Showers fall makes a ●oise like claps of Thunder or like great Guns The same Wonder is observ'd of ●●e Mountain Pasayra in a Wood behind Girgolio Barro's Sugar-Mills the mystery whereof we leave to Philosophers to enquire into Arcisseusky follow'd Rebellino who had ambuscado'd himself about half a League from Mosuick from whence he being also driven his Men began more and more to desert him whilest Schuppe with a considerable number of Men came to Arcisseusky Encamping themselves about Musarope they sent eighty Musquetteers Commanded by Lieutenant Metting ●o an adjacent Wood where Rebellino Quartering Engag'd with Metting till Schuppe coming to his assistance he fled to Nazaretta After which the Countrey thereabouts enjoy'd the happiness of Peace The Castle Real taken by Arcisseusky Arcisseusky staying to settle all things in good order in Parayba took up his Quarters near the Castle Real about a Cannon-shot from the River Afogados and a League and a half from the Hollanders Fort so call'd yet his Design was not to lay close Siege to the same but to prevent all manner of Aid from coming to it the rather because he was inform'd that there were not above sixty six hundred Cans of Meal and sixty five Head of Cattel in the Fort for three hundred Portuguese and seven hundred Brasilians to which purpose he built several Redoubts Batteries and Platforms after he had lay'n before it three Moneths it was surrendred upon these following Articles viz. That the Besieged should march out with lighted Matches Bullets in their Mouths flying Colours and with Bag and Baggage and be Transported either to Tercera or Madera The Church Ornaments they had also leave to carry away with them but the Guns and other Ammunition were to remain in the Fort. Hereupon the Governor Andres Marini march'd out with five hundred choice Soldiers besides a hundred and fifty which he had out of the Countrey and two hundred Families that dwelt about Real ransom'd their Goods for 5000 l. In the Fort the Hollanders found fifteen Brass and five Iron Guns Mean while Lichthart set Sail with six Ships and five little Ketches carrying five Companies with which Landing on Barra Grande he march'd two Leagues along the Shore to the Church of St. Bento built on a high Hill round about which he Encamp'd himself and fortifi'd the same with Pallisado's Hither the Inhabitants of Porto Calvo came in great numbers to take the Oath of Allegiance to the West-India Company Lichthart assisted by Captain Cornelis Exel's Company march'd directly to Porto Calvo notwithstanding he had but three hundred and twenty seven Men with which he went a●ong a troublesom Way up Hill and down Hill and coming near Porto Calvo was inform'd by a Portuguese That the Duke Bagnola posses'd a Church there full of Port-holes with two hundred choice Men besides a Company newly arriv'd there from Serinhain Bagnola routed by Lichthart and that he had a strong Fortification near the River nevertheless Lichthart marching towards him discover'd his Forces rank'd on a steep Mountain whither he running with his Men forc'd Bagnola to quit the Church as also those that lay in Ambuscade near the High-way whilest eighty Brasilians some Portugueses and a Company of Neopolitans thought to have fall'n upon the Barques of the Hollanders but seeing the States Flag upon the Church and Bagnola routed they soon Retreated This Victory cost the Hollanders but seven Men besides eighteen wounded for which the Portuguese lost many more The Inhabitants of Camarigibi Antonio and about Porto Calvo accepting of the Articles propos'd in Parayba took the Oath of Allegiance to the Hollanders In the interim after