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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71161	The history of all religions in the world, from the creation down to this present time in two parts : the first containing their theory, and the other relating to their practices ... : to which is added, a table of heresies : as also a geographical map, shewing in what countrey each religion is practised ... / by William Turner ...	Turner, William, 1653-1701.	1695 (1695)	Wing T3347; ESTC R6111	329,028	716

172. Indian Christians The Indian Christians read two chapters at home one out of each Testament Sr. Th. Herbert Malabar In Malabar the King of Calecut eats no meat till it be first offered by his Preist to his Idol Ross Mahometans There are but few who go not every day to Prayers epecially those of Noon Quinday and Aksham for many perform the other two at home Nor doth travelling excuse them for when they know that it is the Hour of Prayer they stop in the Fields near to some water they draw water in a tinn'd Copper-pot which they carry always purposely about them then do the Abdest spread a Carpet on the Ground without which they never Travel and say their Prayers upon it M. de Thevenot They have Chaplets also which they often say for the most part have them in their hand whether at home or abroad c. Idem Persians There are some amongst them who pray with such Violence at their own Houses that they put themselves out of Breath and many times fall down in a Swoon One of my Neighbours at Schamachie was so earnest in his Devotion that having said his Prayer very loud and pronounced with all his might above fifty times the word Hakka God he at length could not pronounce it without a great deal of difficulty and at last his Voice quite fail'd him D. of Holstein 's Emb. Trav. p. 279. Benjans They never go out of their Houses till they have said their Prayers Mandelslo's Trav. into the Indies p. 57. Persees The Persees of Guzurat have no Mosques but make use of some Room in their Houses to do their Devotion in which they do sitting without any Inclination of their Bodies Mandelslo's Trav. p. 60. In Amboina they take in hand no business be it never so mean nay not so much as piercing of a Tree to draw Terry till they have done their Devotions to the Devil Idem Toleration of all Religions Jews AMong the Jews we find in our Saviour's time Pharisees and Sadduces and Herodians and Pagan Romans all exercising their own Religion the Synagogues open to People of different Opinions and liberty of Prophesying seems to be allowed for some time even to the Christians themselves vid. Acts 13.15 c. I need not speak of the Nazarites and Rechabites tolerated among them in ancient times who yet were distinguished from the common Israelite by peculiar Ceremonies and Usages The case of the Gibeonites was extraordinary their Liberty procured by Craft and turned into Servitude being made Hewers of Wood and Drawers of Water for the Congregation and for the Altar of the Lord. Christians The Muscovites give a Free Toleration to all Religions and live very quietly with the Lutherans and those of the Reformed Religion but they have so great an Aversion to the Roman Catholicks that they would never grant them liberty in Muscovy In the first War of Smolensko they would not entertain Catholick Soldiers A. C. 1627. The late King of France proposed a Treaty for Commerce between the French and Muscovite and for a Church where Mass might be said but it was denied nay in the Treaty they made with us for our passage into Persia it is an express Article That we should not take any Roman Catholicks into our Retinue D. of H. Ambass Trav. p. 108. They suffer all Nations to live amongst them as Calvinists Lutherans Armenians Tartars Turks and Persians excepting none but Jews and Roman-Catholicks Idem The King of Poland several Papists Ecclesiastical Soveraigns in Germany the Venecians in their Grecian Islands all give liberty of Conscience In Rome it self the Pope tolerates several Popish Churches differing in Ceremonies from one another and all abundantly from that called the Roman Church yet agreeing in doctrine having publick liberty without exceptions In Germany the Lutheran Churches scarce in any Two Cities have the same Ceremonies Nurimburg and Leipsig having almost as many as the Papists and yet they differ in them Hamburg hath fewer And Strasburg none at all Their differing in Circumstantials makes no breach of Charity At the same Communion some receive sitting some standing The Three Religions are tolerated at Frankfort Dr. Burnet The Three Religions have their exercises successively the same day in the Church of the Concord at Manheim the Calvinists first the Lutherans next and the Papists last Idem in his letters Dr. Edw. Brown in his Travels In two Cantons Appeuzel and Glaris both Religions are Tolerated and are capable of equal Priviledges and in some Bailiages belonging to Bern and Friburg both Religions are so equally Tolerated that in the same Church they have both Mass and Sermon On one Sunday Mass begins and Sermon follows the next Sunday Sermon begins and Mass follows c. Dr. Burnet 's Letters Mahometans The Mogul Tolerates all Religions and speaks well of all So doth the great Turkish Emperor Among Mahometans Liberty of Conscience is allowed agreeable to an Azoara in the Alcoran which declares that none are to be disswaded from the Religion they Suckt from their Cradle Sir Th. Herbert In Negapatan likewise any Religion is Tolerable and Virgil's Omnigenûmque Deûm Monstra seem to be Translated hither Idem In Goa are Christians Jews Mahometans and Heathens Rosse In the Philippin Islands are Christians Mahometans and Pagans Idem In Sumatra and Zeilan are Moors Christians and Pagans Idem In Egypt Christians have their Churches Jews their Synagogues and Mahometans their Mosques of which last there be four sorts differing in their Laws Liturgies and Ceremonies Idem The Coast of Coromandel is furnished with Various Religions Christian Mahometan and Idolatry of the first there are two sorts those of S. Thomas that are of the Greek Church and the Europian Christians The Last Words of Dying Men c. Christians LVther ended his Life with these words Lord I render up my Spirit into thy Hands and come unto thee And again Lord into thy Hands I commend my Spirit thou O God of Truth hast redeemed me being asked by Dr. Jones if he died in the constant Confession of that Doctrin which he had preach'd he answered Yea which was his last word Olympia Fulvia Morata to her Husband Tota sum laeta I am all joyful but now I know you no more Anonym once a little before her Death awaking out of Sleep with a chearful Countenance she said I have now got a sight in my Rest of a most excellent and pleasant place shining with an unexpressible Light and Brightness But thro' weakness could say no more D. Melch. Adam Mr. Carter ended his Life with this Doxology The Lord be thanked Clark's Lives Erasmus breathed out his Soul in these Ejaculations Mercy sweet Jesus Lord loose these bands how long Lord Jesus how long Jesus Fountain of Mercy have mercy upon me c. Fuller's Lives Leo Jude who died at Tigure 1542. concluded thus Huic Jesu Christo c. i. e. To this my Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ my Hope and

Him who hath fed us with His own and of whose Goodness we live All the Guests answer'd Blessed be He of whose Meat we have eaten and of whose goodness we live Then the Master proceeded Blessed be He and blessed be His Name c. annexing a long Prayer in which he gave thanks 1. For present Food 2. Deliverance out of Aegypt 3. Circumcision 4. The Law And Prayed 1. For the People Israel 2. The City Jerusalem 3. Sion the Tabernacle of His Glory 4. The Kingdom of David's House 5. The coming of Elias 6. That God would make them worthy of those Days and the Life of the World to come Then the Guests answer Fear the Lord all ye his Saints for there is no lack c. Afterward he blessed the Cup as before and then drunk round And lastly they sung a Hymn Their gesture was lying on Beds They sent Portions to the needy Ancient Christian The Christian-Feasts used in Primitive Times were called Agapae or Love-Feasts The manner thus 1. They prayed to God before they ventured upon His Creatures 2. Ate but what sufficed Hunger drank no more than consisted with sober and modest Men and fed so as remembring they were to rise at night to worship God 3. When they had done they sung Psalms either of their own Composure or out of the Holy Volumes 4. And as they began so they ended the Feast with Prayer 5. And then departed with the same care to preserve their Modesty and Chastity so that they appeared not so much to have Feasted at Supper as to have fed upon Discipline and Order So Tertullian Mahometan The Mahometans have a kind of Easter-Feast which they call Bayran which lasteth three days in which they enjoy all sorts of Pleasures They have also great Feasting at the Circumcision of their Males They observe divers Festivals Rosse Ancient Heathen The Romans after Sacrificing went to Feast upon the remaining part of the Beast singing the praises of their God After the Banquet they did return to the Altar and cast into the Flames the Morsels of Meat that were left with the Tongue and some Wine and then did return thanks to the God for the honour and advantage of sharing with him in the Victim This ended they concluded with Prayers D Assigny upon Galir p. 26. At their ordinary Feasts they had Libationes To retrench the Expences of their Feasts and oblige them to Frugality and Moderation there were several Laws enacted amongst the Romans called Leges Sumptuariae concerning which more may be seen in A. Gellius Macrobius c. The order and manner of their Feasts was thus 1. As to the time it was commonly at Supper 2. Water was brought to wash with Modern Heathen In Tanquin they keep I casts commonly all Day and Night their most esteem'd Meats are Colt's Flesh and Dog's Flesh most of their Dishes are relished with a kind of Birds-nest which gives them a tast of almost all sorts of Spices They conclude commonly with Comedies and Fire-works Tavernier Diabolical At the Entertainments which the Devil makes for Witches by night Glanvil mentions Wine Cake Roast-Meat Drink Dances Musick And the Devil at Meeting bids them welcome 9. Church-Discipline Excommunication Jewish Observe here 1. THE Causes of Excommunication 1. Among the old Jews were only 1. Leprosie 2. Touching the Dead 3. An Issue 2. Among the Modern Jews are added 1. Scandalizing a Master though dead 2. Reviling a publick Minister of Justice 3. Calling a Free-man a Slave 4. Not appearing at the Consistory c. 5. Undervaluing a single Precept 6. Not doing what is appointed 7. Keeping what may hurt another as a Hiring Dog broken Scales 8. Selling Land to a Gentile 9. Witnessing in a Heathen Court against a Hebrew 10. A Priest Sacrificing and not giving the rest of the Priests their due 11. Working on the Fore-noon before the Passeover 12. Pronouncing the Name of God carelesly or with an Oath or in lofty Hyperbolical Terms 13. Causing the Vulgar to profane it 14. Computing times out of otherwise than their Fore-fathers in the Holy Land 15. Causing the Vulgar to eat holy things out of holy places 16. Causing the Blind to stumble 17. Hindering the Vulgar in any Command 18. A Priest Sacrificing a torn Beast 19. Killing a Beast with a Knife not yet tried by a Rabbi c. 20. Moroseness and backwardness to learn 21. Associating with a Wife after himself hath Divorced her 22. A wise Man or Rabbi of ill Fame 23. Undeservedly Excommunicating another 24. Profaning the Festivals 2. The Kings or Degrees 1. Niddui the lowest 2. Schammatha 3. Cherem Concerning which see in the Second Book Ancient Christian Observe 1. What Crimes All publick in themselves or made known to the Church after private admonition The greatest Temptation was to Idolatry committed 1. By Exposing the Scriptures called Traditores 2. Actual Sacrificing called Thurificati 3. Purchasing a Warrant from the Magistrate to execute them called Libellatici 2. What Penalties viz. Spiritual Excommunication for 2 3 5 7 10 20 30 years sometimes for their whole Life according to the Offence Clergy-men forfeited their Ministry And tho upon repentance admitted to Communion yet but as Lay-men Abstineri 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Anathematizari 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anathematizari Are all Synonymous terms signifying Excommunication 3. What manner 1. Reproofs and Exhortations were used in the Assembly 2. The Censure was passed not always in a formal manner the Fact being notorious and the offender ipso facto excommunicate The Excommunicate appeared in a sordid habit with a sad Countenance a head hung down tears in their Eyes standing without at the Church-doors never suffered to enter in falling down to the Ministers as they went in and begging the Prayers of all good Christians making open Confession of their Faults This was to satisfy 1. The Church of their Repentance and for the Scandal 2. God by acknowledging the fault and beging pardon 4. The time of Penance ended they addressed themselves to the Governors of the Church for Absolution their repentance examined and found sincere they were openly readmitted by imposition of hands The party kneeling down between the Bishop's knees or the Presbyters in his Absence the Bishop laying his hands on him and blessing him The Penitent was now received with acclamations of joy sometimes weeping for his Recovery to the Lord's Supper c. The set time of Penance was remitted in case of Death Persecution many Offenders Dignity Age c. 4. The Persons Excommunicating 1. The publick Congregation the people Cyprian 2. The Elders President Tertull. 3. The Majores Natu presiding in the Church Firmilian in a letter to Cyprian 4. Only the Bishop Conc. Illiber can 32. or 5. The Presbyter or Deacon in necessity Ibid. Cypr. 6. In the Decian Persecution a publick Penitentiary Martyrs gave sometimes Libellos to mitigate the Penance Mahometan The Mahometans have none but punish by Civil Magistrates