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A35207 An essay on the state of England in relation to its trade, its poor, and its taxes, for carrying on the present war against France by John Cary, merchant in Bristoll. Cary, John, d. 1720? 1695 (1695) Wing C730; ESTC R1249 78,898 200

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Objects of Charity is by taking care that the Poor's Rates be made with more equality in Cities and Trading Towns than now they are especially in the former where the greatest number of Poor usually residing together in the Suburbs or Out-Parishes are very serviceable by their Labours to the Rich in carrying on their Trades yet when Age Sickness or a numerous Family makes them desire Relief their chief Dependance must be on People but one step above their own Conditions by which means those Out-Parishes are more burthened in their Payments than the In-Parishes are tho' much Richer and is one reason why they are so ill inhabited no one careing to come to a certain Charge And this is attended with another ill Consequence the want of better Inhabitants makes way for those Disorders which easily grow among the Poor whereas if Cities and Towns were made but one Poor's Rate or equally divided into more these Inconveniencies might be removed and the Poor maintained by a more impartial Contribution And that a better Provision may be made for the Relief of Saylors who having spent their Labours in the Service of the Nation and through Age or Disasters no longer fit for the fatique of the Sea ought to be taken care for at home let a small Deduction be made from Seamen's Wages and Freights of Ships to be collected by a Society of honest Men in every Sea Port This with what addition might be made by the Gifts of worthy Benefactors would be sufficient to raise a Fund capable to maintain them in their old Age who in their Youth were our Walls and Bulwarks but it must be setled by Law and no Man left at his Liberty whither he will pay or no These are generally the most Laborious People we have I do not mean those Scoundrel Rascals who often creep in amongst them but the true old Saylor who can turn his Hand to any thing rather than Begging and I am troubled to see the miserable Conditions they and their Families are many times reduced to when their Labours are done Alms-Houses raised for them are as great Acts of Piety as building of Churches Age requires Relief especially where Youth hath been spent in Labour so profitable to the Publique as that of a Saylor and not only themselves but their Widows and young Children ought to be provided for In this the Worshipful Society of the Merchants Adventurers within the City of Bristoll are a Worthy Pattern And as for those who lose their Lives or Limbsfighting against the Enemy themselves or Families ought to be rewarded with a bountiful Stipend which if raised by a Tax would be chearfully paid 't is attended with sad Thoughts when a Woman sees her Husband prest into the Service and knows if he miscarrys her Family is undone and she and they must come on the Parish whereas if this Provition were made the Fleet would be more easily mann'd our Merchant-Ships better defended Saylors more ready to serve in both and their Wives to let them go but great care must be taken that this Charity of the Nation be not abused nor put into the Pockets of those appointed to dispose of it Confiscation of their Estates should be made a Penalty to detert them from such ill Practices We will next consider the State of the Nation with regard to its Taxes When I consider the necessity of the War we are now engaged in and the Consequences of its Event the Liberties of Christendom and the Security of the Protestant Religion depending on the Success thereof I think it the Duty of every good Subject to offer his advice in a matter of this Importance Money we know to be the Sinews of War it is that which doth strengthen the carrying it on and I believe there are few Men who do not by this time see that not the longest Sword but the strongest Purse is most likely to come off Victor we are too far engaged to look back and if we do not go on with Vigour it will encourage our Enemy and make him think better of his own Strength we cannot preserve at too high a Rate those inestimable Jewels of Liberty and Property which if we miscarry in this War we are very likely to lose therefore how unpleasant soever Taxes may seem Money must be raised till the French King can be brought to such Terms whereon a safe and lasting Peace may be concluded but great Prudence ought to be used in the Methods of raising it lest the People be thereby disgusted against that happy part of our Constitution Parliaments when they see their only work is to find out new Methods for raising Taxes to whom every such Act seems a new Arrow levied at them by these it is they are discontented and think themselves shot thro' and thro' because that under different names they hit the same Persons again and again besides the great charge● the Crown is at in those small Collections as any Man will see who considers particularly that of the Hackny-Coaches whereof near one quarter part goes away for its management and indeed few of the Projects I have yet seen seem to be the effects of a considering Head or to be so weighed as to support themselves against common Objections their greatest Foundation was Necessity besides many of them cannot be renewed their Income being anticipated for many Years so that for the future new Projects must be thought on and what this will at last tend to no Man can foresee I am apt to think most Men would agree with me in this that if a Method could be found out whereby Four or Five Millions might be raised Yearly with little Charge and great Ease and Equality it must be much better than now it is and this to be a Fund out of which the Parliament to appropriate what Summs they see necessary for every use so that then they would have Leisure to spend much of their time on other Affairs which is now wholly taken up about Ways and Means besides when the People knew there was no new Tax to be raised they would more chearfully look upon the opening of a Sessions and the French King must be exceedingly discouraged when he shall see that after so great Expences we come on with new Vigour and have provided a Fund for carrying on the War till he can be brought to such Terms as will establish a safe and lasting Peace which by the Means hitherto used we cannot expect every Tax we have given being like the Gasps of a Man labouring for Life whereby he concluded we could not subsist a Year longer and doubtless his Emissaries in England have not failed to represent things to him in their worst Colours but I hope both He and They will find that the People of England to defend their Religion Liberties and Properties neither want Money nor a Will to give it The Taxes of this Kingdom are chiefly to be raised on Land or Trade the first