the same sense and for the same pleasant situation called loyâ—ux Guard in the time of Lancelot du Lake whos 's that Castle was Which appears further by a Tower built at Constantinople by 〈◊〉 the third of that name Lord hereof being then 〈◊〉 to the Emperour from King Philip â—ugustus with this inscription Turris 〈◊〉 which there continued to be seen a long time after 2 Belle-ville where is an Abbie founded by Humâ—ert the second Anno 1158. 3 Ville Franche environed with Walls by Humbert the fourth whose Sonne Guâ—scheâ—d the third above mentioned founded here a Convent of Franciscans called to this day Minâ—rette 4 Noironde 5 St. Maâ—rice 6 Vâ—fie 7 Obâ—hes concerning which there have been long and many Wars betwixt the Earls of Forrest and these Lords of Beau-jeu This Countrie as that other of Fourest was once part of the Earldom of Lions in the partaâ—e of which â—state it fell to Omphroy one of the Brothers of Earl Aâ—tand Anno 989. whose Successor had no other title than Lords of Beau-jeu They were most of them men of great piety founders of many Collegiate and conventuall Churches some of them of action also Humbert the second and the fifth Adventurers in the Wars of the Holy Land Vichard the second in those against the English Guischard the fourth made Constable of France by King Lewis the ninth But the house failing in this Guischâ—rd it was united unto that of the Earls of Forrest as before is said in the person of Regâ—and Earl thereof whose Sonne and Successour called Lewis was also Constable of France as Edward the Grand-child of this Lewis a Marshall of it But at the last it fell into the hands of a lewd and wicked Prince Edward the second who being imprisoned at 〈◊〉 for his great offences and overlaid with Wars by the Dukes of Savoy made a donation or free gift of all his â—â—gneuries to Lewis Duke of Bourbon surnamed the good and direct Heir of Guy Earl of Forrest the eldest Sonne of Regnand Earl of Forrest and Lord of Beau-jeu above mentioned and consequently of next kin to him Anno 1400. 4 AUVERGNE hath on the East Forrest and Lyonis on the West Limosin Perigort and Quâ—reu on the South part of 〈◊〉 and on the North Berry and Bourbonnois It is divided into the Higher and Lower The Lower being called Limaigne is fruitfull in a very eminent degree the Higher mountainous and baren In this last the Towns of chief note are 1 St. Flour a Bishops See of an impregnable situation 2 Ovillac on the River Iourdain defended with a strong Castle on the top of a Rock 3 Beouregard on the River Gardon 4 Carlat 5 Murat 6 Pillon of which little observable in antient stories In the Lower called Limaigne from a River of that name which falls into the Ailier there is 1 Clermont a Bishops See fair and pleasing for the situation and Fountains descending from the hills of the higher Auverâ—n the chief Citie of the whole Province Most memorable in these later Ages for the Councill here called by Pope Vrban the second Anno 1067. in which by the artifice of the Pope the Christian Princes of the West ingaged themselves in the Wars of the Holy Land giving thereby the better opportunity to the Popes to enlarge both their Territories and their power It was first raised out of the ruines of Gergovia the head Citie of the Auverni in the time of Saesar and the seat Royall of Vercingetorex King of that Nation who so long put him to his trumps with an Army of 138000 men now a small Village Called Gergeau 2 Rion in which resides the Seneschall or chief Governour of the Lower Auvergn 3 Montpensier of great note for the Princes of the house of Bourbon once Dukes hereof beginning in Lewis the first Earl Sonne of John Duke of Bourbon Anno 1415 and ending in Henry the last Duke whose Daughter and Heir was maried to the Duke of Orleans Brother of Lewis the thirteenth 4 Montferant 5 Yssoire 6 Bâ—ionde 7 Aigueperse 8 Turenne the antient Seat and Patrimony of the De Lâ— Tours now Soveraigns of Sedan and Dukes of Bouillon to whom it hath for some ages since given the title of Viscount A family descended from the Heirs generall of Eustace Earl of Bouâ—oâ—ne in Picardy Father to Gâ—dfrey of Bouillon Duke of Lorreine The Country first inhabited in the times of the Romans by the potent Nation of the Auverni whose King 〈◊〉 was taken prisoner and led in triumph unto Rome in the War against the Salii the Atlobroges and others of their Confederates Not fully conquered till Caesar had subdued their King Vâ—rcingetorix They were afterwards part of the Province of Aquitania prima retaining in the often changes of the Empire its old name of Auvergn heretofore part of the great Dutchie of Aquitaine remaining subject to those Dukes till William the eighth Duke and the fourth of that name gave it in Portion with one of his Daughters in whose line it continued under the title of the Dâ—uchins of Auvergn till Berault the last Earl or Dauphin of it Who having maried the Heir of Guy Earl of Forrest the Sonne of Regnaud above mentioned had by her a Daughter named Anne Heir of both Estates maried to Lewis the good the third Duke of Bourbâ—n to whom Edward the last Lord of Beau-jeu made a Donation or surrendry of that Signeurie also uniting in his person the distinct Estates of Bourbon Beau-jea Forrest and Auvergne And as for Barbonnois it self in the distractions of the French Empire by the posterity of Charles the Great who most improvidently cantoned it into many great Estates and petit Signeuries it sell unto the share of the potent Family of the Damâ—ierre descended from the antient house of Bourgogne who held it till the year 1308. At what time Lewis the ninth for the advancement of Robert Earl of Clermont in Beauvâ—isin his fift Son maried him to Beatrix Daughter and Heir of Archenbald Dampierre the last of that house Lewis the Sonne of this Robert was the first Duke of this Line whose successours and their atchievements follow in this Catalogue of The Lords and Dukes of Bourbon 1308. 1 Robert Sonne of King Lewis the 9th Earl of Clermont the first Lord of Bourbon of the house of France 1317. 2 Lewis the first Duke of Bourbon Peer and Chamberlain of France 1341. 3 Peter Peer and Chamberlain slain in the Battle of Poictiers Anno 1356. 1356. 4 Lewis II. called the Good in whose person all these Estates were first united Peer and Chamberlain of France and Governour of King Charles the sixth 1410. 5 John Peer and Chamberlain taken Prisoner at the Battle of Agincourt and died in 〈◊〉 the root of the Familie of Montpensier 1434. 6 Charles Peer and Chamberlain Generall of the Army against the English in the life of France 1456. 7 Iohn II Peer Chamberlain and Constable of France 1487. 8 Peter II. Brother of Iohn
Iarsey by the Dean thereof Suffragan heretofore to the Bishop of Constance now to the Bishop of Winchester in Gernsey by a mixt Consistory of Clergie and Lay-Elders according to the new Modell of Geneva introduced in both Ilands Anno 1565. being the eighth yeer of Queen Elizabeth and abolished again in Iarsey Anno 1619. being the 17th of King James But to return again to the storie of France thorow which we have now made our Progress both by Sea and Land It took this name from the Frankes or French a German People who in the War of the Roman Empire possessed themselves of it not mentioned by that name by Caesar Strabo Ptolomie or any of the more antient Writers Nor was it taken up by them for ought appeareth till an hundred years after the death of Ptolomie the first express mention of them occurring in the reign of Gallienus then ransacking the coasts of Gaul and joyning with Posthumus the Rebell against that Emperour Afterwards often spoken of in the course of the Roman stories under the Empire of Claudius Probus Dioclesian and the Sonnes of Constantine though only in the way of pillage and depredation Their habitation in those times was from the meeting of the 〈◊〉 with the River Moenus not far from Frankford where they confined upon the Almans to the German Ocean conteining the particular Nations of the Bructeri Sicambri Salii Cherusci Frisit and Teucteri besides some others of less note and taking up the Countries of Westphalen Bâ—rgen Marck and so much of Cleve as lieth on the Dutch side of the Rhene the Lantgravedom of Hassia the Dutchie of Gueldres the Provinces of Zutphen Utrecht Over-Yssell both Frieslands and so much of Hâ—lland as lieth on the same side of the Rhene United in the name of Frankes to shew that Libertie or Freedom from the yoke of servitude which the Romans had endeavoured to impose upon them and wherewith all the Nations on the other side of the River were supposed to suffer Governed by Dukes till the yeer 420. when Pharamond first took upon himself the name of King Meroveus their third King having dispossessed the Sonns of Cledion the Sonne and Successor of Pharamond was the first that set foot in Gaul when seeing the Romans on the one side put to the worst by Theodorick and the Gothes and on the other side by the Burgundians they passed over the Rhene and possessed themselves of the Province of Germania Secunda containing all the Belgicâ— Provinces on the French side of that River together with the District of Colen Gulick and the rest of Cleve them passing in the accompt of Gaul His victories and fortunes were inherited by Chilperick his Sonne Successour who added Picardy Champaine and the Isle of France to the former conquest took Paris made it the seat of his Kingdom Afterwards when they had fully seated themselves here and thereby opened a free passage to the rest of the Country they quickly made themselves Masters of al that which formerly had been possessed by the Romans whom they outed of their last hold in Soissons under Clovis their fift King who also took Aquitain and the parts adjoyning from the Visi-Gothes or Gothes of Spain for these and many signal victories against the Almains deservedly surnamed the Great but greater in submitting to the Faith of CHRIST and receiving Baptism than by all his Victories Childebert and Clotaire the Sonnes of this Clovis vanquished the Burgundians adding that Kingdom to their own as Theodebert his Grandchild King of Mets or Austrasia did the Country of Provence resigned unto him by Amâ—lasunta Queen of the Ostro Gothes or Gothes of Italy by whom it had been wrested from the Gothes of Spain In the person of Clotaire the second the Realm of France improvidently dismembred into many Kingdoms amongst the Children of Clovis the first that is to say the Kingdoms of France Soissons Orleans and Austrasia of which Orleans and Austrasia were of long continuance were again united Whose Successor Dagobert the first was the last considerable Prince of the Mergovignians After this time the reputation of the French Kings of this line began to diminish scarce doing any thing that might ennoble and commend them to succeeding Ages or leaving any monument behind them but their empty Names which I shall represent in the following catalogue according to their severall times first taking notice that though the Kings of this first race did many times divide the Kingdom as before was said yet none of them were called Kings of France but those that had their Royall seat in the City of Paris the rest being called only Kings of Soissons Mets or Orleans according to the Name of their Principall Cities And therefore leaving those to their proper places we will here only take a Survey of those who passed in common estimate for the Kings of France The Kings of France of the French or Merovignian Line 449 1 Meroveus Master of the horse to Clodion the Sonne of Pharamond from whom this Line of Kings were called Merovignians 10. 459. 2 Chilperic the Sonne of Morove 26. 485. 3 Clovis the first Christian King of the French 30. 515. 4. Childebert eldest Sonne of Clovis his other Brethren Reigning in their severall places 45. 560. 5 Clotaire Brother of Childebert first King of the Soissons afterwards sole King of the French 565. 6 Cherebert Sonne of Clotaire 574. 7 Chilperic II. King of Scissons and Brother of Cherebert whom he succeeded in the Kingdom 14. 588. 8 Clotaire II. Sonne of Chilperic the second 44. 632. 9 Dagobert Sonne of Clotaire the second 14. 645. 10 Clovis II. Sonne of Dagobert 17. 663. 11 Clotaire III. Sonne of Clotaire the second 4. 667 12 Chilperic III. Sonne of Clotaire the third 680 13 Theodorick Brother of Chilperic 14. 694 14 Clovis III. Sonne to Theodorick 5. 698. 15 Childebert II. Brother to Clovis 18. 716. 16 Dagobert II. Sonne of Childebert the second 722. 17 Chilperic IV. opposed by Charls Martel in behalf of Clotaire the fourth 5. 727 17 Theodoric II. Sonne of Dagobert the second 742 19 Chilperic V. Sonne of Theodoric the last of the Merovignian Family Deposed by Pepin Sonne to Charles Martel the Pope giving approbation to his proceedings This Pepin and his Father Martel were Mayres of the Palace to the former Kings which Mayres were originally Controllers of the Kings House and had nothing to do with the affairs of State But Clotaire the third to ease himself and his successours of a burden so weighty made the Mayres Vicars generall of his Empire From henceforward the Kings followed their pleasures shewing themselves only on May-day and then being seated in a Chariot adorned with Flowers and drawn by four Oxen. As for the Mayâ—e he openeth packets heareth and diâ—patcheth forrein Ambassadours giveth remedy to the complaints of the Subjects maketh Laws repealeth them An authority somewhat like that of the Praefecti Praetoâ—io in the declining times of the
the name of Austrasia whence the modern Austria The air is generally very healthie and the earth as fruitfull yeilding a plentifull increase without help of compost or other soiling and of so easie a tillage to the husbandman that on the North side of the Danow it is ploughed and managed by one horse only Exceeding plentifull of grain and abundant in wine with which last it supplyeth the defects of Bavaria great store of Saffron some provision of salt and at the foot of the Mountains not far from Haimbourg some Ginger also Nor wants it Mines of silver in a large proportion Divided by the River Danow into the Lower and the Higher that lying on the North side of the River towards Bohemia and Moravia this on the South side towards Stiermark Places of most importance in the HIGHER AVSTRIA are 1 Gmund seated on a Lake called Gemunder See bordering on Bavaria at the efflux of the river Draun which ariseth out of it 2 Lints seated on the confluence of the said Draun with the famous Danow the Aredate of Ptolemie A town before the late wars almost wholly Protestant but then being put into the hands of the Duke of Bavaria began to warp a little to the other side 3 Walkenstein on the Ens or Anisus near the borders of Stiermark 4 Ens on the fall of that river into the Danow raised out of the ruines of Laureacum sometimes the Metropolis of the Noricum Ripense the Station at that time of the second Legion afterwards an Archbishops See made such in the first planting of Christianity amongst this people by S. Severine anno 464. On the reviver whereof suppressed by the Hunnes Bojarians and others of the barbarous Nations by the diligence and preaching of S. Rupertus the Metropolitan dignitie was fixt at Saltzburg 5 Waidhoven near the head of the river Ips. 6 Ips seated at the influx of that river and from thence denominated the Gesodunum of Ptolemie and other ancients 7 Newfull on a great Lake so named 8 Wels on the main stream of the Danubius 9 Haimburg on the confluence thereof and the river Marckh Near to which at the foot of the Mountains now called Haimburgerberg from the town adjoining but anciently named Mons Cognamus is some store of Ginger a wonderfull great raritie for these colder Countries 10 Newstat first called so from the newnesse of it being built of late 11 Vienna by the Dutch Wien the principall of all these parts by Ptolemie called Juliobona Vindebona by Antonine the station in their times of the tenth Roman Legion of whose being setled here there are many Monuments both within the City and without Seated it is on the bankes of Danubius well built both in regard of private and publike edifices each private house having such store of cellarage for all occasions that as much of the Citie seems to be under the ground as is above it The streets for the most part spacious and all paved with stone which makes them very clean and sweet in the midst of winter fenced with a mighty wall deep and precipitious ditches on all parts of it and many Bulwarkes Towers and Ramparts in all needfull places the wals hereof first raised with some part of the money paid unto Leopold Duke of Austria for the ransome of King Richard the first of England taken prisoner by him as he passed homewards through this Countrey from the Holy Land Esteemed at this day the strongest hold of Christendom against the Turkes and proved experimentally so to be in that most notable and famous repulse here given them an 1526. At what time 200000 of them under the conduct of Solyman the Magnificent besieged this City but by the valour of Frederick the second Electour Palatine of the Rhene and other German Princes gallantly resisted and compelled to retire with the losse of 80000 souldiers Nor doth the strength hereof so diminish the beauties of it but that it is one of the goodliest townes in all the Empire the residence for these last ages of the Emperours made an Vniversity by the Emperour Frederick the second revived and much advanced by Albert Duke of Austria anno 1356. Adorned with an Episcopall See many magnificent Temples and stately Monasteries but above all with a most sumptuâ—us and Princely Palace wherein the Archdukes and Emperours use to keep their Courts built by Ottacar King of Bohemia during the little time he was Duke of Austria In the middle ages as appeares by Otho Frisingensis it was called Fabiana but being ruined by the Hunnes and again reedified was first called Biana the first syllable omitted by mistake or negligence from whence the Dutch Wien and the Latine Vienna We should now take a view of the townes and Cities in the LOWER AVSTRIA if there were any in it which were worth the looking after The Countrey having never beene in the hands of the Romans hath no town of any great antiquity nor many new ones built or beautified by the Austrian Princes since it came into their possession the onely one of note being Crems or Cremia on the left hand shoar of Danubius going downe the water 2. Rets on the River â—ega bordering on Moravia and 3. Freistat at the foot of the Mountaines on the skirts of Bohemia The old Inhabitants of this tract are supposed to be the Quadi in that part which lyeth next to Bohemia the Marcomanni in those parts which are next Moravia who intermingled with the Boâ—i and united with them into the name of Bojarians wonne from the Romans the whole Province of the Second Rhaetia and so much of Noricum as lyeth betwixt the Inn and the Ens leaving the rest to the Avares who possessed that and the two Pannonia's extorted also from the Romans in the fall of that great and mighty Empire But these Bojarians being conquered by Clovis the Great and the Avares driven out of Pannonia by Char le magne both Provinces became members of the French Empire till the subduing of Pannonia by the Hungarians To oppose whom and keep in peace and safety these remoter parts some Guardians or Lords Marchers were appointed by the Kings and Emperours of Germany with the title of Marquesses of Ostreich At first Officiary onely but at last hereditarie made so by the Emperour Henry the first who gave this Province to one Leopold surnamed the Illustrious the sonne of Henry Earle of Bamberg of the house of Schwaben and there withall the title of Marquesse anno 980. This Marquisate was by Frederick Barbarossa raised to a Dukedome 1158. Henry being the first Duke whose brother Leopold took Richard the first of England prisoner in his returne from Palestine for whose ransome hee had so much money that with it he bought Stiermark together with the Counties of Nâ—obourgh and Liutz and walled Vienna His sonne Fredericus Leopoldus was made King of Austria by the Emperour Frederick the second anno 1225. Eleven yeares he coâ—tinued in this dignity at the end
is of different natures the parts adjoyning to the Weser being desert and barren those towards the Earldomes of Mark and Bergen mountainous and full of woods the Bishoprick of Bremen except towards the Elb full of dry sands heaths and unfruitfull thickets like the wilde parts of Windsor Forrest betwixt Stanes and Fernham In other parts exceeding plentifull of corn and of excellent pasturage stored with great plenty of wilde fruits and by reason of the many woods abundance of Akorns with infinite herds of swine which they breed up with those naturall helps of so good a relish that a Gammon of Wesiphalian Bacon is reckoned for a principall dish at a great mans Table The old inhabitants hereof were the Chauci Majores about Bremen the Chanani Angrivarii and Bructeri inhabiting about Munster Osuaburg and so towards the land of Colen and part of the Cherusci before spoken of taking up those parts which lie nearest unto Brunswick and Lunenbourg All of them vanquished by Drusus the son-in-law of Augusius but soon restored to their former liberty by the great overthrow given by the Cherusci and their associates to Quintilius Varus Afterwards uniting into one name with the French they expulsed the Romans out of Gaul leaving their forsaken and ill-inhabited seats to be taken up by the Saxons with whom the remainders of them did incorporate themselves both in name and nation Of that great body it continued a considerable Member both when a Kingdome and a Dukedome till the proscription and deprivation of Duke Henry the Lyon at what time the parts beyond the Weser were usurped by Barnard Bishop of Paderborn those betwixt the Weser and the Rhene by Philip Archbishop of Colen whose successours still hold the title of Dukes of Westphalen the Bishopricks of Breme Munster Paderborn and Mindaw having been formerly endowed with goodly territories had some accrewments also out of this Estate every one catching hold of that which lay nearest to him But not to make too many subdivisions of it we will divide it onely into these two parts VVestphalen specially so called and 2 the Bishoprick of Bremen In VVESTPHALEN specially so called which is that part hereof which lyeth next to Cleveland the places of most observation are 1 Geseke a town of good repute 2 Brala a village of great beauty 3 Arusberg and 4 Fredeborch honoured with the title of Prefectures 5 VVadenborch 6 Homberg lording it over fair and spacious territories All which with two Lordships and eight Prefectures more dispersed in the Dukedome of Engern and County of Surland belong unto the Bishop of Colen the titulary Duke of VVestphalen and Angrivaria Engern as he stiles himself 7 Mountabour perhaps Mont-Tabor seated in that part hereof which is called VVesterwald a town of consequence belonging to the Elector of Triers 8 Rhenen 9 Schamlat and 10 Beekem reasonable good towns all of the Bishoprick of Munster 11 Munster it self famous for the Treaty and conclusions made upon that treaty for the peace of Germany seated upon the River Ems and so called from a Monastery here founded by Charles the great which gave beginning to the Town supposed to be that Mediolanium which Ptolemy placeth in this tract a beautifull and well fortified City and the See of a Bishop who is also the Temporall Lord of it Famous for the wofull Tragedies here acted by a lawlesse crew of Anabaptists who chose themselves a King that famous Taylor John of Leiden whom they called King of Sion as they named the City New Jerusalem proclaimed a community both of goods and women cut off the heads of all that opposed their doings and after many fanatick and desperate actions by the care and industry of the Bishop and his confederates brought to condigne punishment The Story is to be seen at large in Sleidan and some modern pamphlets wherein as in a Mirrour we may plainly see the face of the present times 12 Osnaburg first built as some say by Julius Caesar as others by the Earls of Engern but neither so ancient as the one nor of so late a standing as the others make it here being an Episcopall See founded by Charles the Great who gave it all the priviledges of an Vniversity Liberally endowed at the first erection of the same and since so well improved both in Power and Patrimony that an alternate succession in it by the Dukes of Brunswick hath been concluded on in the Treaty of Munster as a fit compensation for the Bishoprick of Halberstad otherwise disposed of by that Treaty of late enjoyed wholly by that Family 13 Quakenberg on the River Hase 14 VVarendorp and 15 VVildshusen towns of that Bishoprick 16 Paderborn an Episcopall See also founded by Charles the Great at the first conversion of the Saxons more ancient then strong yet more strong then beautifull 17 Ringelenstein and 18 Ossendorf belonging to the Bishop of Paderborn 19 Minden upon the VVeser another of the Episcopall Sees founded by Charles the Great and by him liberally endowed with a goodly Patrimony converted to lay-uses since the Reformation under colour of Administration of the goods of the Bishoprick and now by the conclusions at Munster setled for ever on the Electors of Brandenbourg with the title of Prince of Minden 20 Rintelin a strong town conveniently seated on the Weser not far from Minden to the Bishop whereof it doth belong Hitherto one would think that Westphalen had formerly been a part of Saint Peters Patrimony belonging wholly to the Clergy but there are some Free Cities and secular Princes which have shares therein as 1 VVarburg a neat town but seated on an uneven piece of ground neer the River Dimula a town which tradeth much in good Ale brewed here and sold in all parts of the Country heretofore a County of it self under the Earls hereof now governed in the nature of a Free Estate and reckoned an Imperiall City 2 Brakel accompted of as Imperiall also 3 Hervâ—rden a town of good strength and note governed by its own Lawes and Magistrates under the protection of Colen 4 Lemgow belonging heretofore to the Earls of Lippe but by them so well priviledged and enfranchised that now it governeth it self as a Free Estate Here is also 5 The town and County of Ravensburg belonging anciently to the Dukes of Cleve and now in the rights of that house to the Elector of Brandenbourg As also 6 the Town and County of Lippe lying on the west side of the VVeser the Pedegree of the Earls whereof some fetch from that Sp. Manlius who defended the Roman Capitol against the Gauâ—s they might as well derive it from the Geese which preserved that Capitol others with greater modestie look no higher for it then to the times of Charls the Great one of the noble Families of the antient Saxons Some other Lords and Earls here are but these most considerable all of them Homagers of the Empire but their acknowledgments hereof little more then titular though not
town of the same name 10 CIA by some called CEOS and now Zâ—a opposite to the Promontory of Achaia called Sunium in compasse about 50 miles made towards the West in fashion of a Crescent or half Moon Mountainous and hilly except towards the North. By Pliny said to have been torn from Eubaea by a sudden violence of the Sea many men perishing in the waters Of old times beautified with three faire towns 1 Julis 2 Carthaea and 3 Caressus of which there is nothing now remaining Others there are whose names occurre amongst the Antients as Miconus now called Micole 12 Cythnus now Cauro 14 Syphnus now Sifino 15 Therasia or Theusia now Santorini 16 Cimolis called formerly Echinusa but now Polino 17 Olyarus now Quiminio 18 Sicenus now Sicino 19 Polyegros now Falconara 20 Amurgos now Murgo one of the biggest of them all but not else observable The SPORADES so called from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 spargo eo quod in mari sparse sunt non in circulum coactoe because they lie dispersed and scattered not formed into a Circle as the Cyclades are In number twelve viz. 1 Anaphe so called by the Argonautes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because the Moon did suddenly and beyond her naturall course appear unto them then grievously distressed by tempest Apollo worshipped here is hence called Anapheus It is now called Namsio 2 Astyapalea now Stampalia in compasse 88 miles by some of the Antients called Thewn Trapeza or the table of the Gods In Astypale the chief town of it was Apollo worshipped from hence sometimes called Astypaleus 3 Helene so called from that fair Greek Dame whom Paris is here said to have first deflowred now called Macroniso 4 Los fifteen miles from Naxos where Homer is said to have been buried But others finde his grave at Naxos and some at Chios the difference being almost as great about the place of his buriall as the place of his birth There are 5 Lagusa 6 Phocusa 7 Phacasia 8 Philocandros 9 Schinusa 10 Strybia of little note either in Poetry or story And finally Thera not far from Aegina before mentioned formerly called Calliste but named thus by Theras a Theban Gentleman the son of Autesion conducting hither a Colony of Spartans and Minyans these last of Thessaly cast out of Lemnos by Pelasgus in memory of whom as the founder of their name and Nation the Islanders used to celebrate an Annuall Feast A sedition after happening amongst this people the weaker party under the conduct of one Battus admonished so to doe by the Oracle of Apolio passed over into Asrick and there built Cyrene the birth-place of the Poet Callimachus who ascribes his Originall to this Island as himselfe thus witnesseth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is to say Calliste which men Thera now doe call Of my deare Countrey the Originall X CYTHERA now called Cerigo lyeth in the bottom of this Sea not above five miles distant from Capo Malo in Peloponnesus formerly called Porphyris from the aboundance of Marble whereof the Island yeelds good plenty In compasse about 60 miles enriched with a delightfull soyle and many havens but those small and unsafe and very difficult of entrance environed on all sides with rocks of themselves inaccessible by which defended from the Turkes who hitherto have suffered the Venetians to enjoy it to whom it fell in the division of the spoile amongst the Latines so often spoken of before It had a Town of the same name some two furlongs from the Haven stood the Temple of Venus the antientest dedicated to that Goddesse which the Grecians had and therein her Statua in complete Armour like another Pallas Out of this Temple the ruins whereof are still to be seen was Helen the wife of Menelaus willingly ravished by Paris the son of Priam but not enjoyed by him till he had brought her to a small Island of the Sporades by her name called Helene as before is said From the devotions of this people paid so duely to her did Venus get the Adjunct of Cytherea by which often called in the Poets Thus for one in Virgil. Parce metu Cytherea manent immota tuorum Fata tibi That is to say Drive feare faire Cytherea from thy minde Thou thy sonnes Fate immoveable shall finde And so I passe from the Aegean to the Cretan Sea observing this onely by the way that most of the 69 Kings which accompanied Agamemnon in the warre of Tray were Kings onely of these small Islands or else of other places as inconsiderable for wealth and potency every small Town and territory having in those early times amongst the Grecians when ambition had not taught the great ones to devoure the lesse a peculiar King The ISLANDS of the CRETAN SEAS The CRETAN SEA is properly that part of the Aegean or Ionian Seas which lyeth about the shores of Crete and formerly was under the command and power thereof as in those times the Sea about Carpathos another Isle of the Aegean had the name of Carpathian and that about Icaria the name of Icarian though situate in the Aegean also The Isles hereof are 1 Crete 2 Claudi 3 Dia and 4 Letoa for Melos and Cimolis named by Prolemie amongst the Islands which adjoin on Grete have been already spoken of amongst the Cyclades in the accompt whereof they passe by consent of Writers 1 CRETA now Candie hath on the East the Carpathian Sea on the West the Ionian on the North the Aegean on the South the African or Libyck In form extending East and West with three points or Promontorics whereof that towards the East called antiently Samonium is now called Cabo di Salamone that on the South-west looking towards Afric formerly named Hermea now Capo Grabasse and finally that on the North-west towards Peloponnesus of old called Cimarus and now Capo Chestin This last directly opposite to Malea a Promontory of Laconia the Sea betwixt them being so troublesome and tempesluous especially on Laconia side that at last it grew into an ordinary caveat Maleam praetervectum obliviscatur quae sunt demi viz. that he which was to saile by the point of Malca should lay aside the care of all other matters and attend his present safety onely It hath in severall Ages and in severall Authors obtained severall names by Homer and Eustathius called Hecatompolis from the number of an hundred Cities then contained in it by Plinie and Soanus Macaros and Macaronesos that is to say the happie Island from the goodnesse of the soil and temper of the air By Stephanus Idea from Ida a famous Mountain of it by Giraldus Telchionia from the Teichini the Priests of Cybele who was here had in great request At the present Candie either a Candore from the whitenesse of the rocks wherewith environed or from Candie the Metropâ—lis or chief town thereof But the general name which hath prevailed most in all sorts of writers is that of Crete so called cursi
then other by the Turks who carry daily the stones and Pillars of it to Constantinople to adorn the houses of the Bassas 7. Scamandria a strong piece but of later foundation cunningly surprized by Ottoman the first King or the Turkes in the time of a funerall Now concerning old Ilium the buildings glories and fall of it take this story with you The Kings of TROY A. M. 2487. 1. Dardanus sonne to Corinthus King of Corinth having killed his brother Jasius fled into this Countrey where he built this City calling it Dardania according to that verse of Virgil Dardanus Iliacae primus pater urbis autor Both of Troy Town and Trojan race Dardanus the first founder was 2518. 2. Erichthonius of whom litle memorable 75. 2593. 3. Tros the sonne of Erichthonius who so much beautified and enlarged the Citie of Dardania that from thence-forth it was called Troja and the people Troes By supporting the unnaturall malice of Saturn against his sonne Jupiter he lost his own sonne Ganimedes who being taken prisoner by Jupiter who carried the Eagle for his Ensigne is by the Poets said to have been snatched up to Heaven by an Eagle 60. 2653. 4. Ilus the sonne of Tros who built the Regall Palace called Ilium and did withall so enlarge the City and added so much Omament and beauty to it that it is frequently called Ilium and the People Iliaci The many Towers and Turrets of it were of his erection which being by the Greeks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 occasioned the whole Cine to be called Pergamus 54. 2707. 5. Laomedon who new-built Troy which afterwards Hercules and the Grecians justly conceiving displeasure against the treacherous King twice took and defaced Laomedon himself being slain the latter time 36. 2743. 6. Priamus who re-edified Troy but giving leave to his sonne Paris to ravish Helena wife to Meuelaus King of Sparta forced the Greekes to renew their ancient quarrell who aftee a ten years siege forced the Town having lost of their own men 860000. and killed 666000. of the Trojans and their Associates A. M. 2783. So as that of Ovid was most true Iam seges estubi Troja fuit resecandaque falce Luxuriat Phygio sanguine pinguis humus Corne fit for sithes now growes where Troy once stood And the soyle's fatted with the Phrygian bloud Concerning the taking of this Town two things are to be considered First whether rhe Grecians in these ten years lay continually before it and it seemes they did not but that rather they did beat up and down wasting the Countrey and robbing the Seas for the first nine yeares and in the tenth onely said a formall siege This is the more probable because that in the tenth year of the warre Priam is recorded by Homer in the third of his Iliads to have sat on a high Tower and to have learned of Helen the names and qualities of the Greek Commanders which he could not be thought ignorant of if they had so long together layn in eye-reach Secondly by what means the Town was taken and here we finde a difference Eor some Historians tell us that Aeneas and Antenor being either weary of the warre or discontented that it was not managed by their sole advice or otherwise corrupted by the Grecians betrayed it to the enemy but this Virgil could not brook as prejudiciall to his Aeneas whom he intended to make the pattern of a compleat Prince He therefore telleth us of a woodex-horse wherein divers of the Greek Princes lay hidden which by Sinon one of the Grecians was brought to Troy-gates and that the people desirous of that monument of the enemies flight made a breach in their walls that gate not being high enough to receive it And that this fiction of Virgil might be grounded on history it is thought by some that over the Scaean Gate where the Greekes entered was the portraiture of a large and stately horse and by others that the walls were battered by a wooden Engin called an Horse as the Romans in after ages used a like Engine called a Ramme Neither of which is much improbable but with me perswade not the integrity of Antenor or Aeneas for whose sakes the fable of the wooden horse was first invented The Citie being thus destroyed the Trojans who remained in the Country when Aeneas and Antenor had forsaken it began to think of some other place for their habitation which having often shifted they fixed at last by advice of an Oracle some four miles from the former giving it the name of Ilium A poor and sorry village when Alexander came thither who in the Temple of Minerva the onely one they had and a meane one too offered up his own shield and took down another which he used after in his fights against the Persians honouring it with gifts and promising the people to rebuild and inlarge their City But what he lived not to make good was performed by Lysimachus who gave it the name of Alexandria next called the Alexandrian Troas at last Troas simply A free City it continued till the warre of Mithridates against the Romans in the course whereof Fimbria a Roman Quaestor having feditiously slain the Consul Valerius Flaccus in Bithynia and made himself Master of the Armie being refused entrance here as a theese and a Rebell besieged the City and in the space of eleven daies took it And when he boasted that he had done as much in eleven daies as Agamemnon and the Greeks could do in as many yeers one of the Ilians tartly answered That they wanted an Hector to defend them Afterwards Julius Caesar emulous of Alexanders attempts and descended from Julus of Trojan race restored them to their liberty and inlarged their territories a Colonie and an Vniversity of the Romans of no mean esteem But time and war and the barbaritie of the Turks have brought it unto rubbish as before was said In the distributing of the Provinces of the Roman Empire this little Region with that of Mysia Hellespontiaca adjoining to it made up the Province called by the name of Hellespontus subject with Aeolis Ionia and the Asian Isles to the exempt jurisdiction of the Proconsul of Asia Following the fortunes of Constantinople till the taking of that City by the Latines it became then subject to the Greek Emperours residing at Nice conquered not long after by the Turks of the Selzuccian family In the division of whose Empire on the death of the second Atadine the whole Province of Hellespont with part of the greater Mysia and Aeolis adjoining to them and some part of Lydia were seized upon by Carasus a man of great power amongst the Turks who here erected a small kingdome called from him Carasia or Carasi-illt long since swallowed up by the Ottoman race in the time of Orchanes son of Ottoman and the second King of that house 9. PHRYGIA MAJOR PHRYGIA MAJOR is bounded on the East with Galitia on
so often mentioned by the Poets especially in their Amatoria as Coa puellis Vestis in Tibullus Indue me Cois in Propertius Sive eâ—â—t in Cois saith the Poet Ovid. So in others also too many and too long to be added here I passe to 9. CARPATHOS situate on the South of Caria in the Mediterranean from this Iland called here abouts the Carpathtan Sea A rugged and unpleasing soil full of difficult mountains but those mountains stored with quarries of most excellent Marble In circuit about 60 miles extending more in length than breadth Heretofore beautified with four Cities and thence named Tetrapolis But three of the four Cities are long since perished that of Carpathos being still remaining and still the principall of the Iland both now called Scarpanto Some other Towns it hath all along the shore and every one of them furnished with some Port or Haven but small and for the most part very unsafe Situate in the midle as it were betwixt Crete and Rhodes it hath continued hitherto in the possession of the State of Vâ—nice if not taken from them very lately to whom being given with other of the Ilands of these Grecian Seas at the taking of Constantinople by the Western forces it hath the fortune or felicity to continue theirs when almost all the residue were subdued by the Turks The people Greek of the communion of that Church notwithstanding their subjection to a State of Italy 10. RHODES situate in the Rhodian or Carpathian Sea lyeth over against the coast of Lyria in Asia Minor from which distant about 20 miles Formerly called Ophiusa Asteria Aethroea Trinachia Poeessa Corymbia Atabyria and at last Macaria it settled finally and fortunately in the name of Rhodes So named by the Grecians from the abundance of Roses which the soil produceth Rhodos in that language signifying a Rose the Isle of Roses as it were but as the Poets say of Rhoda a Nymph of these Seas here deflowred by Apollo or rather of Rhoda one of the daughters of Apollo begat on Venus For so one of them thus declareth Insula dicta Rhodos de Sole et Cypride nata est Rhoda from whom this Isle took name Of Venus and Apollo came The Iland 140 miles in compass enriched with a most temperate air and a fertile soyl producing finuts in very great plenty full of excellent pastures adorned with trees which alwaies do continue greeâ—â— and in a word so blest with the gists nature that it gave occasion to the fable of those Golden Shewers which were once said to have fallen upon it The wines hereof so excellent and so rich of tast that by the Romans they were used in their second courses or reserved for the sacrifices of the Gods as too good for mortaâ—ls as affirmed by Virgil in the Georâ—icks The cause of which perpetual flourishing and continuall spring is to be ascribed to the powerful influences of the Sun so dearly cherishing this Island or so much in love with it that it is constantly affirmed that no day passeth wherein he shineth not clearly on it be the air in all other places never so much over-cast with Clouds or obscured by mists Fained for that cause to have been naturally a meer Marish altogether unhabitable if not covered with waters till loved by Phoebus anstcrected above the waves by his vigorous influences Of the People we shall speak anon Look we in the mean time on the places of most observation 1. Lindun now Lindo a pety Town but formerly of more esteem of note in those times for the Temple consecrated to Minerva by Danaus King of Egypt landing here when he fled out of that Kingdome As also for the birth of Cares the Architect of the huge Collossus whereof more presently but specially for the nativity of Cleobulus one of the seven wise men of Greece the other six being Solon of Athâ—nâ— Pertander of Corinth Chilo of Sparta Bias of Priene Thales of Miletum and Pittacus of Mitylene Seven men of whom the Grecians most immensely bragged as if the World could neither afford them equals or an equall number for which derided handsomely by Lactanitius an old Christian writer who scoffe 's their paucity and calleth it a miserable and calamitous age in quo septom Soli fuerunt qui hominum vocabula mererentur in which there were no more than seven who deserved to be accompted men 2. Rhodes antiently as now the chief City of it the Iland from hence taking name and formerly as well as in later times depending on the fortunes and strength hereof No place in elder times held superiour to it for the convenency of the Haven magnificent buildings delightfull Orchards and other excellencies Situate on the East part of the Isle on the declining of an hill and neer the Sea where it enjoyeth a safe and commodious Haven treble walled fortified with thirteen Turrets and five strong Bulwarks besides divers Sconces and other out-works this Town and Famagusta in the Isle of Cyprus being conceived to be the two strongest holds in the Turkish Empire In former times one of the principall Universities of the Roman Empire this Rhodes Marseiles Tarsus Athens and Alexandria being reckoned the old Academies of the Monarchy And to this Town as a most noted place of Study Tiberius afterwards Emperour did withdraw himself when Augustus had declared his two Nephewes Lucius and Caius for his Heires pretending onely a desire to improve himself in the waies of literature whereas the true cause was his envy at their preferment Honoured in those times with that huge Collossus one of the seven wonders of the World made by Chares of Lindum before mentioned Composed of Brass in height seventy Cubits every finger of it being as great as an ordinary man and consecrated to the Sun as the proper Deity of the Iland Twelve years in making and having stood but sixty six years was pulled down in an instant by an Earthquake which terribly shook the whole Iland The Rhodians being forbid by an Oracle to erect it again or possibly pretending such an Oracle to save that charge yet held the brass and other materials of it in a manner sacred Not medled with nor sacriligiously purloined till Mnavias the Generall of Osmen the Mahometan Caliph finding in himself no such scruple of conscience after he had subdued this Iland made a prey hereof loading nine hundred Camels with the very brass of it From this Colossus was the Iland sometimes called Colossa and the People Collossians not those Colossians as some have very vainly thought to whom Sain Paul writ his Epistle those being of Colosse a Town of the Greater Phrigya as hath there been noted Here was also in this City antiently a Temple of Bacchus enriched with many presents both of Greeks and Romans of both which People the Rhodians were then held in a fair esteem but the God and the good Wines in greater Towns of less note are 3. Villanova 4. Russicare and some others but
Prophets as in our Saviours time with that of Mary the mother of John Mark mentioned acts 15. 37. converted to a Church by the Primitive Christians the Western part whereof was wholly taken up by the Palace of Herod a wicked but magnificent Prince for cost excessive and for strength invincible containing gardens groves fish-ponds places devised for pleasure besides those for exercise Fortified with three Towers at the Corners of it that on the South-East of the wall 50 Cubiâ—s high of excellent workmanship called Mariamnes Tower in memory of his beloved but insolent wife rashly murdered by him Opposite to which on the South-West corner stood the Tower of Phaseolus so called by the name of his brother 70 Cubits high and in form resembling that so much celebrated Aegyptian Phtros and on the North Wall on an high hill the Tower of Hippick exceeding both the rest in height by 14 Cubits and having on the top two Spires in memory of the two Hippâ—er his very dear friends slain in his service by the wars 2. On the South-side stood that part which was called the Old City possessed if not built by the Iebu 〈◊〉 and therein both the Mountain and Fort of Sion but after called the City of David because taken by him who thereon built a strong and magnificent Castle the Royall Court and Mansion of the Kings succeding In the West part hereof stood the Tower of David a double Palace built by Herod the one part whereof he named Agrippa and the other Coesar composed of Marble and every where enterlaid with gold and not far off the house of Annas and Caiaphas to which the Conspirators led our Saviour to receive his tryall 3. That which was called the Lower City because it had more in it of the Valley was also called the Daughter of Sion because built after it in majesty and greatness did exceed the Mother For therein upon Mount Moriah stood the Temple of Solomon whereof more anon and betwixt it and Mount Zion on another hill the Palace which he built for his Wife the Daughter of Aegypt and that which he founded for himself from which by an high Bridge he had a way unto the Temple West hereof on a losty rock overlooking the City stood the Royall Palace of the Princes of the Maccaboeans re-edified and dwelt in by King Agripoa though of Herod race and not far off the Theater of Herods building adorned with admirall pictures expressing the many victories and triumphs of Augustus Coesar In this part also stood Mount Aâ—ra and on that once a Citadell built by Antiochus King of Syria but razed by Simon one of the Maccaboean Brothers because it overtopped the Temple the house of Helena Queen of Adiabâ—ne who converted from Paganism to Indaism had here her dwelling and here died and finally Herods Amphitheatre capacious enough to contain 80000 people whom he entertained sometime with such shews and spectacles as were in use amongst the Romans And in this part also on an high and craggy rock not far from the Temple stood the Tower of Baris whereon the same Herod built a strong and impregnable Citadell in honour of Marc. Antonie whose Creature he first was called by the name of Antonius having a fair and large Tower at every corner two of them 50. Cubits high and the other 70. afterwards garrisoned by the Romans for fear the Jews presuming on the strengen of the Temple might take occasion to rebel 4. As for the New City which lay North to the City of Herod it was once a Suburb onely unto all the rest inhabited by none but mechanicall persons and the meanest trades-men but after incompassed by Agrippa with a wall of 25 Cubits high and fortified with ninety Turrets The whole City fenced with a wonderfull circumvallation on all parts thereof having a Ditch cut out of the main Rock as Iosephus an eye-witness writeth sixty foot deep and no less than two hundred and fifty foot in bredth First built say some by Melghisedech the King of Salem by the Jebusites themselves say others by whomsoever built called at first Jebusalem afterwards Jerusalem with the change of one letter only inlarged in time when made the Royall seat of the house of David to the Magnificence and greatness before described â—â— it attained unto the compass of sixty furlongs or seven miles and an half Unconquered for the first four hundred years after the entrance of the Children of Israel and when David attempted it the people presumed so much on the strength of the place that they told him in the way of scorn that the blâ—nd and the lame which they had amongst them as the Text is generally expounded should defend it against him But as I think the late learned Mr. Gregory of Christ-church in Oxon hath found out a more likely meaning of the Text than this who telleth us that the Jubesites by the blind and lame as they knew well the Israeliâ—es called blind and lame did understand those Tutelar Idols on whose protection they relied as the 〈◊〉 did on their Palladium for defence thereof and then the meaning must be this those Gods whom you of Israel call blind and lame shall defend our Walls Why else should David say had they meant it literally that his soul hated the lame and the blind 2. Sam. 5. 8. or why should the People of Israel be so uncharitable as to say that the blind and lame should not come into the House or Temple of God were it meant no otherwise But notwithstanding these vain hopes the Town was carried under the conduct of Joab that fortunate and couragious leader and made the Royal seat of the Kings of Judah Proceed we now unto the Temple built by Solomon in providing the materials whereof there were in Lebanon 30000 workmen which wrought by the ten thousand every moneth 70000 Labourers which carried burdens 80000 Quarry-men that hewed stones in the Mountains and of Officers and Overseers of the work no lesse then 3300 men The description of this Stately Fabrick we have in the first of Kings cap. 6. 7. In the year of the world 2350 it was destroyed by Nabuchadzezzar at the taking of Hierusalem rebuilt again after the return from the Captivity but with such opposition of the Samaritans that the Workmen were fain to hold their Tooles in one hand and their swords in the other to repulse if need were those malicious enemies But yet this Temple was not answerable to the magnificence of the former so that the Prophet Haggi had good occasion to say to the People cap. 2. ver 3. Who is lâ—ft among you that saw this house in her first glory is it not in your eyes as nothing in comparison of it Nor fell it short thereof onely in the outward structure but some inward Additaments For it wanted 1. The Pot of Mannah which the Lord commanded Moses to lay up before the Testimony for a Memorial Exod. 16. 32. c. 2. The
there meeteth with 3. Cambyses another great River of these parts and so together hasten to the Caspian also 4. Euphrates by the Turks called Frat by the Hebrews Perah famous in Scripture for its watering the garden of Eden hath its fountain in the hills which they call Niphates as is said by Strabo A River of great length and swiftness For having forced it self a passage through the Mountains of Taurus it runneth in the West of Mesopotamia with a stream so violent that they who go by water from Bi r or Birra a Town on the North-West of Mesopotamia to the City of Bagdat are fain to come back again by land selling those Boats for eight crowns which they bought for 50. At Apamia a City of Chaldaea it is joyned with Tigris with which the greatest branch of it passeth thorow the City of Babylon and so into the Persian Gulf the rest of it being cut into many Channels for fear it should overflow and drown the Countrey are quite lost in the Lakes of Chaldea 5. Tigris a swifter stream than that whence it had the name the word in the Median tongue signifying an Arrow A River of so strong a course that it passeth thorow the Lake Thonitis without mixture of Waters and affordeth the Armenians an easie passage to Bagdat who on a few Rafis born up with Goat-skins blown full of wind and boards laid upon them make their voyage thither It is called Heddekel in the Scripture one of the four Rivers which watered the garden of Paradise situate in an Iland made by the imbracement of this River and Euphrates with their several Branches Rising originally out of the Lake of Thelpitis in Armenia Major where now we are it is presently almost swallowed by the gaping Earth and passing under the huge bulk of Taurus breaketh forth again and compassing the East parts of Mesopotamia which it divides from Assyria meets with Euphrates as before Of which its first and second birth thus the Poet Lucan At Tigrin subito tellus absorbet hiatu Occultosque tegit cursus rursusque renatum Fonte novo flumen pelagi non abnegat undas That is to say Tigris soon swallowed by the thirsty earth Finds there a buriall where it had its birth But breaking out at a new spring vouchsafes With the Salt Seas to mixt it sweeter waves Mountains of most note are 1. Abos glorying in the fountains of the great River Araxes 2. Periardes or Periarges as Ptolomy Pariedri as Pliny calleth it a branch or spurre of the great mountain Taurus 3. Vdacespes another branch of that great Mountain 4. Some part of Anti-Taurus 5. The Mountains called Montes Moschici more towards the North abutting upon Cappadocia and the Euxine Sea which name they took from Mesech or Mosoch the sonne of Japhet preserving the remembrance of his planting there 6. Niphates one of the spurres of Taurus out of which the famous River Euphrates is said to issue 7. The Gordiaean Mountains conceived by many learned men to be the mountains of Ararat on one of the tops whereof called Baris the Ark of Noah is most generally affirmed to rest Affirmed by many antient writers of the Christian Church and countenanced not onely by Josephus and some others of the Elder Historians but by the Septuagint themselves who in the 37 chap. of Esay v. 38. and 2 Kings 19. 37. have rendred Ararat by Armenia And be it so let Araâ—a be Armenia and consequently the mountains of Ararat be Armenian Mountains yet doth it not follow hereupon that the Ark rested on the Gordiaean mountains or any others of this Countrey as they would conclude We may infer as Logically for ought I can see that the Garden of Eden must be looked for in Armenia also because situate in the circlings of Euphrates and Tigris two Armenian Rivers Those Rivers have indeed their fountains in Armenia Major but compass not the Garden of Eden till after a long course they encounter each other in the spacious plains of Babylonia And so those mountains though they have the name of the Mountains of Ararat or Armenia because there first grown to a discemable and supper-eminent height above all the mountains of those parts became not the resting place of the Ark till after a further course towards the East they were grown to their fullest height which is in those parts of it betwixt Scythia and Persia which are called Mount Caucasus not that Mount Cancasus which lieth on the North of Colchis and Iberia out of which the River Cyrus is said to rise but that which lieth on the East-side of the Caspian Sea where Mount Taurus and Imaus do cross each other But of this elsewhere It was divided heretofore into many Provinces the principall whereof had I grant its name from the Gordiaean Mountains called in some writers Cordiaei from whence the Province had the name of Goraene but most commonly called Corduene bordering on Assyria The Kingdome once of Zarbiâ—nus who siding with Lucullus against Tigranes King of Armenia was by Tigranes murdered with his wife and Children but honoured by Lucullus with a stately and magnificent funeral 2. The 2d Province of uote is called Cotacene neer the Montes Moschici 3. Tosarene bordering on the River Cyrus 4. Colthene on the banks of Araxes 5. Sophene neer the turnings of the River Euphrates mistook by some industrious and knowing men to be the Syria Soba of the Holy Scriptures 6. Basisine on the North-West neer the springs of that River But what Cities did belong to each I find no where specified Those of most consequence in the whole 1. Artaxata by Florus called Caput Gentis of most esteem in those times and the Seat-royall of the Kings of Armenia from its first foundation Built by Artaxes one of the Progenitors of Tigranes at the perswasion of Annibal whilest he abode in this Countrey who liking the situation of the place drew on it the model of a strong and gallant City according to which Plat-form it was presently built Taken and sacked by the Romans as a daughter of Carthage by Corbulo in the time of Nero it never could revive again to its former splendour in the midle ages called Esechia and at this day Coy or Coim if not built rather out of the ruines of it A City memorable for two great battells neer unto it the first between Luculius on the one sid against Mithridates and Tigranes on the other wherein the Romans were victors the second between Selimus Emperor of the Turks and Hysmael the Persian Sophy wherein the Turks were conquerors Anno 1514. A victory which he bought with the loss of 30000 of his best men and such a terrour to the whole Army that the Turks to this day call it the only day of doom The fields adjoining to the Town wherein this cruel battel was fought called the Chalderan fields 2. Sebastia now Suassia seated on Euphrates where it meeteth with the Mountain Taurus the residence of the
Ocean And having satisfied himself with the sight of that furious Element as if his very seeing it had sufficiently subdued it to him landed his Army on this coast Where in his march for want of victuals water and other necessaries he lost more men in the vast and uncomfortable Desarts of this Countrey than in all the military services he had put them too the Army which he carired with him into India amounting 15000 Horse and 120000 Foot whereof hardly the fourth part came back to Babylon So dearly did he pay for his indiscretion 6. DRANGIANA DRANGIANA hath on the South Gedrosia on the North and West bounded with Aria on the East with Arachosia So called from Drangius now Ilment the chief River of it the modern name thereof being Sigestan from Sige the now principall City The Countrey very hilly and so closed with Mountains that the River above named is scarce able to force its passage thorow them Of no great beauty to invite or reward a Conqueror yet with the rest brought under the great Persian Monarchs the fortunes of which Crown they have alwaies followed So meanly planted that Ptolomy findeth in it but ten Towns of name the chief whereof 1. Ariaspe mistook perhaps for Agriaspe and if so then the mother City of the Agriaspae whom Curtius placeth in this Tract 2. Propthasia by some of the Antients called Phradag the Metropolis of this poor Province much boasted of by the old Inhabitants hereof who had seen no better as Countrey-villagers use to brag of the next market-Town and said by Ammianus to be rich and of high renown the quality of the place consideted Still of some note amongst the Natives by whom called Sistan 3. Arivada 4. Pharazana of which nothing memorable 5. Sige now of most credit in this Countrey from hence called Sigestan 6. Timocant 7. Mulebet the chief seat of the Kindome of Aladine or Aleadine who had here a Fooles-Paradise of his own of which more anon The old Inhabitants hereof were the Bairii and the Darandae from which last the greatest of the two the Countrey might perhaps be called originally Darandiana abbreviated to Drandiana and at last corrupted easily into Drangiana But I offer this onely as conjecturall They were called also by some Writers by the name of Arabians and that as Ammianus thinks because they descended from that people but I think rather from a branch of the River Arabius which parteth this Countrey from Gedrosia For I conceive the Arabians were too wise to forsake their own Countrey and go so farre to get so litle by the bargain Together with the rest of the Persian Provinces subdued by Alexander who being in this Countrey hapned on the discovery of the treason intended against him by Philotas the sonne of Parmenio the most renowned of all his Captains After this litle memorable till these later daies when it grew famous by means of Aladine a seditious Persian Lord of the vally of Mulebet spoken of before who there made a terestrial Paradise which he promised to all his Partizans but the company growing too great for the safety of the Kingdome they were quickly dispersed and Alading with his Fools-Paradise both taken away together Anno 1262. Some attribute this fiction of Paradise to Aladeules the Mountain King of Taurus vanquished by Selim the first The whole story is this out of Paulm Venstus Aladine inhabited a valley in this Countrey the entrance into which he fortified with a strong Castle called Tigade Hither he brought all the lusty youths and beautifull maidens of the adjoyning Provinces The women were confined to their chambers the men to prison where having endured much sorrow they were severally cast into dead sleeps and conveyed to the women by whom they were entertain'd with all the pleasures youth and lust could desire or a sensuall mind affect Having injoyed this happiness a whole day they were in a like sleep conveyed to their irons Then would Alidine inform them how they had been in Paradise and that he could seat them there eternally if they durst hazard themselves in his quarrels This when they had sworn to do they were destinated to the massacre of such Princes as were like to prove his bad neighbours and they accordingly did execution But neither he nor Aladeules were the first who trained up their followers in the Arts of murder One there was before either of them whom the Writers of those â—mes call the Old man of the Mountains inhabiting the mountainous parts of Tyre and Sidon and from thence sending his Disciples in the like Temptations to make away the Western Princes whom he stood in sear of during the course of the Holy warres For out of his School came those Wretches who murdered the Count of Tripolis being in the Church at his Devotions and desperately slew Conrade Marquess of Montferrat walking openly in the market-place at Tyre and with like carelesseness of their own lives dangerously wounded Prince Edward after King of England sitting in his Tent. These the Italians call Assassines whence the word to Assassinate intimating thereby a desperate Cut-throat but the reason of that name is not yet agreed on mistakingly by some Latine Writers of the darker times called Arsacidae and their commander Rex Arsacidarum as if descended from Arsaces the founder of the Arsacidan race of the Kings of Persia 7. ARACHOSIA ARACHOSIA hath on the West Drangiana on the East the great River Indus on the South Gedrosia and Paropomisus on the North. So called from Arachosia the chief City of it but now best known by the name of Cabul the name of the chief City at this present Of the Countrey I find little spoken but that it is watered with a branch of the River Indus or rather with some nameless River which falleth into it By the overflowings whereof is made a Lake which Ammianus calleth Arachotoscrene by Ptolomy called Arachotos after the name of Arachotos the chief Town of it neer to which it is Towns here were once thirteen whose names and situation we find in Ptolomy but little or nothing of them in other Writers The principal 1 Arochotos on the Lake so named said to be built by Semiramis in her march towards India and by her to have been named Cephene 2. Alexandria or for distinctions sake Alexandria Arachosiae the work of Alexander the Great in his like march against the Indians built at the foot of one of the branches of Mount Taurus shooting towards the South and peopled with a Colony of 7000 old Macedonian Souldiers forespent with age and with the travel of the wars whom he left there to inhabit it his Army being here recruited with the forces which had served under Parmenio consisting of 12000 Grecians and Macedonians It is now called Cabul accounted the cheif City of it in that capacity gives the name of Cabul unto all the Province 3. Arbaca seeming by the name to be the work of one Arbaces but whether
and specially so called is bouuded on the East with Wallisland and part of Piemont on the West with Daulphine and La Bresse on the South with some parts of Daulphine only and on the North with Switzerland and the Lake of Geneva The Country is fot the most part hilly and mountainous overspread with the branches of the Alpes healthy enough as commonly all Hill-countries are but not very fruitfull except some of the vallies which lie nearest to the Western Sun and the plain tract about the Lemanian Lake lying towards Geneva By reason of the difficult and narrow waies and those full of theeves it was once called Malvoy but the passages being opened by the cost and industry of the people and purged of theeves by good Laws and exemplary justice it gained the name of Savoy or Salvoy quasi salva via as Maleventum a town of the Realm of Naples on the like considerations got the name of Benevent By the Latins of these later times it is called Sabaudia a name not known to any of the antient writers who knew it by no other name than that of the Allobroges or Allobrogum Regio The Common people are naturally very dull and simple so gross of understanding for all their continuall converse with other Nations who take this Country in their way to Italie that they beleeve the Duke of Savoy to be the greatest Prince in the World and so unwarlike that a few men of another Nation well trained and disciplined will make a great number of them fly But on the other side the Gentry are of a very pleasing conversation civill ingenious and affecting all good exercise so as there may be dayly seen in Chamberie as much good company and as well-appointed and behaved as in many of the best Towns of France or Italie The number of both sorts taking in Piemont who are not interessed in the first part of this character are thought to be 800000. The chief Cities are 1 Chamberie situate on the banks of the River L' Arch in a very pleasant valley compassed round with Mountains the principal of the Dukedom on that side of the Alpes honoured with the Dukes Court when he resideth in this Countrey the ordinary seat of Justice and many neat houses which belong to the Gentry fortified of late with a strong Castle and sufficient Out-works but not recovered of the damage it received An o 1600 when it was forced by King Henry the fourth of France in his Wars with Savoy 2 Tarentuise an Archbishops See situate in the middest of the Mountains heretofore the Metropolis of the Province of the Alpes Graiae and Poeninae and called by Antoninus Civitas Centronum from the Centrones who inhabited about this tract 3 Lunebourg in the Country of the old Medulli betwixt which and Suse a town of Piemont lyeth the most ordinary road betwixt France and Italie 4 Aque belle situate at the foot of a craggy Rock 5 Ripaille in a sweet and fruitfull situation on the South-side of the Lake Lemanus the chief Town of the Signeury of Fossigme where Amadee the first Duke of Savoy having given over his Estate lived a Monastick life and was thence chosen Pope by the Fathers of Basil An o 1440. 6 Nun or Nevidum by some of the old Latins called Noviodunum an antient City layd desolate in or before the time of Julius Caesar repaired again in the Empire of Vespasian the seat of late times of the Bishops of Geneva since their expulsion out of that Citie 7 Bele on the Rhodanus or Rhosne 8 Albon founded about the year 456. 9 Conflans fortified by the late Dukes of Savoy but otherwise of small importance 10 Annunciada not much observable but for being the seat or place of Solâ—mnities for an order of Knights called by that name 11 Maurienne or St. John de Maurienne an Archbishops See situate in a valley of the Alpes so called the chief City of the old Medulli who dwelt hereabouts from whence the Princes of this house were first entituled Earles of Maurienne only 12 Charboneers a well-fortified place Here is also the strong Town and Fort of Montmelian which held out four moneths against Henry the fourth and many thousand shot of French Cannon An o 1600 and the impregnable Fortress of St. Catharines which yet submitted to that King the Government whereof being denied to the Duke of Byron plunged him in discontent and treason to the loss of his head The many Tribes in and about this mountainous Country of which we have mentioned some before pass generally in most antient Writers by the name of the Allobroges because the most powerfull of them all Of whom the first mention which vve find in story is the Attonement made by Annibal in his passage this way between Bruncus and his brother about the succession of the Kingdom Afterwards siding with the Salii a Gallick Nation in a War against Marseilles then a confederate of the Romans they drew that people on their backs by whom they were in fine subdued with the loss of no less than 120000 Galls under the severall conducts of Cn. Domitius Aenobarbus and Qu. Fabius Maximus by which last Bituitus or Bitultus King of the Auverni one of the confederates was led in triumph unto Rome The Country and people at that time were much alike Coelum atrox pervicaci ingenio a sharp air and stubborn people as it is in Florus not without commendation in the following Ages for discovering Catilines conspiracy by which the whole Roman state was in danger of ruin After which we find Coctius one of the Kings of these Allobroges to have been in speciall favour with Augustus Caesar affirmed to be the founder of 12 Cities in this mountainous tract whence it had the name of Alpes Coctiae and by that name reduced into the form of a Province by the Emperor Nero. In the declining of that Empire this Province became a part of the Kingdom of Burgundy and passed with other rights of that falling Kingdom to the Emperors of Germany by the gift of Rodolph the last King To them it did continue subject till the year 999 in which Berald of Saxony brother to Otho the third for killing Mary the lascivious Wife of his Uncle fled from Germany and setled himself here in France His sonne Humbert surnamed Blanchmanis that is White-hand was by the speciall favour of the Emperor Conradus Salicus made Earl of Maurienne which is a town of this Country An o 1027. And by this mariage with Adela the daughter and heir of the Marquess of Suse added that noble Marquisate one of the seven erected by Otho the second and given amongst the sonnes of Waleran unto his estate Humbert the second gained by conquest the Town and Territory of Tarentaise as Ame or Amadee the third did the Counties of Vaulx and Chablais An o 1240 or thereabouts Ame or Amadee the fourth by the Mariage of Sibille daughter and sole heir of Wric Earl
Corn Wine and most delicate fruits and happily enriched with Meadows and most excellent Pastures which yeeld a notable increase of Cheese and Butter And in the Countrey about Sion they discovered in the year 1544 a Fountain of Salt and have also many hot Bathes and medicinall waters very wholsom Of Springs and River-water they are very destitute having scarce any but what they fetch from the Rhosne vvith a great deal both of charge and trouble the common people using snow-water for the most part for domestick uses which made one pleasantly observe that they pay there dearer for their water than they do for their Wine Cattell they have sufficient to serve their turn and amongst others a wild Buck equall to a Stag in bigness footed like a Goat and horned like a fallow Deer leaping with vvonderfull agility from one precipice to another and so not easily caught but in Summer time for then the heat of that season makes him blind It is divided into the Upper and the Lower Wallisland the Upper lying towards the Mountain de Furcken in the very bottom of the Valley and the Lower stretching out to the Town of Saint Maurice which is at the opening of the same the length of both said to be five ordinary daies journey but the bredth not answerable The Upper Wallisland containeth the seven Resorts of 1 Sion or Sedune 2 Leuck 3 Brig 4 Nies 5 Rawren 6 Sider 7 Gombes in which are reckoned thirty Parishes the Lower comprehending the six Resorts of 1 Gurdis 2 Ardoa 3 Sallien 4 Martinacht 5 Jutremont and 6 Saint Maurice in which are 24 Parishes The people in both parts said to be courteous towards strangers but very rough and churlish towards one another The severall Resorts before mentioned are named according to the names of their principall Towns which according to their reckoning are thirteen in number The chief of which are 1 Sedunum Sittim or Sion a Bishops See suffragan to the Metropolitan of Tarentuise the chief of all this little Country of no great beauty in it self but neat and gallant in respect of the Towns about it Situate in a Plain on the River of Rhosne under a Mountain of tvvo tops on the one of which being the lower is seated the Cathedrall Church and the Canons houses and on the other looking downwards with a dreadfull precipice a very strong Castle the dwelling place of the Bishop in the heats of Summer which being built upon an hill of so great an height and of so hazardous an ascent is impossible almost to be took by force the sharpness of the Rocks keeping it from the danger of assaults and the highness of the hill from the reach of Gun-shot 2 Marchinacht by Caesar called Octodurus and Civitas Valensium by Antoninus remarkable for its antiquity only 3 Saint Maurice or Saint Morits antiently Augaunum the Key of the whole Country but in Winter especially vvhen all the other passages are so frozen up that there is no other entrance but by the Bridge at this Town vvhich for that cause is very well manned and fortified to avoyd surprisall and therefore also chosen for the seat of the Governour of the Lower Wallisland This Country now called Wallisland is in most Latin Writers called by the name of Valesia but corruptly as I think for Valensia as the Dutch or English name for Wallinsland which name I should conceive it took from the Valenses the old inhabitants of this valley of vvhom Octodusus now called Marchinacht is by Antoninus made to be the Metropolis or principall City It was made subject to the Romans by Julius Caesar at such time as the Helvetians were conquered by him and falling with the Western parts of the Roman Empire unto Charles the great was by him given to Theodulus Bishop of Sion An. 805. Under his successors they continue to this very day but so as that the Deputies of the seven Resorts have not only voyces with the Canons in his Election but being chosen and invested into the place they joyn with him also in the Diets for choosing Magistrates redressing grievances and determining matters of the State The Lower Wallisland obeyeth the upper made subject by long War and the chance of Victory and hath no sway at all in the publick Government but takes for Law that which their Governours agree of The same Religion is in both being that of Rome For maintainance whereof they combined themselves with the seven Popish Cantons of Switzerland An. 1572 or thereabouts as also for their mutuall defence and preservation against Forein Enemies and keeping amitie and concord amongst one another 5. SWITZERLAND NExt unto Wallisland lyeth the Country of the SWITZERS having on the East the Grisons and some part of Tirol in Germany on the West the Mountain Jour and the Lake of Geneve which parts it from Savoy and Burgundy on the North Suevia or Scwaben another Province also of the upper Germany and on the South Wallisland and the Alpes which border on the Dukedom of Millain The whole Country heretofore divided into three parts onely that is to say 1 Azgow so called from the River Aaz whose chief Town was Lucern 2 Wislispurgergow so called from Wiflispurg an old Town thereof the chief City whereof is Bern. And 3 Zurichgow so named from Zurich both formerly and at this present the Town of most note in all this Tract but since the falling off of these Countries from the house of Austria divided into many Cantons and other members of which more anon It is wholly in a manner over-grown with craggy Mountains but such as for the most part have grassie tops and in their bottoms afford rich Meadows and nourishing pastures which breed them a great stock of Cattell their greatest wealth And in some places yeelds plenty of very good Wines and a fair increase of Corn also if care and industry be not wanting on the Husband-mans part but neither in so great abundance as to serve all necessary uses which want they doe supply from their neighbouring Countries And though it stand upon as high ground as any in Christendom yet is no place more stored with Rivers and capacious Lakes vvhich doe not onely yeeld them great aboundance of Fish but serve the people very vvell in the vvay of Traffick to disperse their severall Commodities from one Canton to another Of which the principall are Bodensee and the Lake of Cell made by the Rhene Genser see or the Lake of Geneve by the Rhosne Walldstet see and the Lake of Lucern made by the Russe Namonburger and Bieter sees by the Orbe and Zurich see by the River of Limat or Limachus It is in length two hundred and forty miles an hundred and eighty in bredth conceived to be the highest Countrey in Europe as before is sayd the Rivers which do issue from it running thorow all quarters of the same as Rhene thorough France and Belgium North Po thorough Italie to the South
betwixt King Lewis the eleventh and Charles Earl of Charolots after Duke of Burgundie in which both sides ran out of the field and each proclamed it self the Victor It standeth in the road betwixt Paris and Estampâ—s And so doth 3 Castres of the bigness of an ordinary Market Town not to be mentioned in this place but for a Chamber or Branch of the Court of Parliament here setled by King Henry the 4th for the use and benefit of his Subjects of the Reformed Religion in Latin called Camera-Castrensis 4. Nemours upon the River of Loing the chief of Gastionys in name but not in beauty wherein inferiour to Pstampes a Town which hath given the title of Duke to many eminent persons of France Here is also in this part the County of Rochfort and the Towns of Milly 2 Montargis c. More there occurreth not worth the noting in this part of the Country but that being part of the possessions of Hugh the Great Constable of France and Earl of Paris it was given by him together with the Earidome of Anjou to Geofric surnamed Chrysogonelle a right Noble Warrier and a great stickler in behalf of the house of Aâ—jou then aiming at the Crown it self which at last they carried Continued in his line till the time of Fulk the second the fifth Earl of Anjou of this Family who gave it back again to King Philip the first that by his help he might possess himself of the Earldome of Anjou from his part wherein he was excluded by his Elder Brother Never since that dismembred from the Crown of France in Fact or Title 4 But the great glorie of this Province is that which is more properly called the ISLE OF FRANCE and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Isle caused by the Circlings and embracements of the Rivers of Sein and Marn the abstract of the whole beauties and glories of France which in this rich and pleasant Vallie are summed up together Chief places in it St. Germans seated on the ascent of an hill seven miles from Paris down the water a pretty neat and handsom Town honoured with one of the fairest Palaces of the French Kings which being built like Windsor on the top of a fine mountainet on the Rivers side affordeth an excellent prospect over all the Countrie The excellent water-works herein have been described on occasion of those of Tivoli so much extolled by the Italians It was first built by Charles the fifth surnamed the Wise beautified by the English when they were possessed of this Countrie but finally re-edified and enlarged by King Henry the fourth who brought it into that magnificence in which now we see it It took name from S. German Bishop of Auxerre companion with S. Lupus before mentioned in the British journey against Pelâ—giâ—s 2. Poâ—ssie upon the same River not far from S. Germans a Bayliwick belonging to the Provost of Paris and one of his seven daughters as they use to call them 3. Chantilly the chief seat of the Dukes of Moutmorencie the antientest and most noble family of Christendome whose Ancestors were the first fruits of the Gospell in this part of Gaul and used to stile themselves Les primiers Christâ—ens et plus Veilles Barons de la France i. e. The first Christians and most antient Barons of France A Familie that hath yeelded unto France more Admiralls Constables Marshalls and other like Officers of power than any three in all the Kingdom now most unhappily extinct in the person of Henry the last Duke executed by the command of the late Cardinall of Richelieu for sicing with the Mounseiur now Duke of Orleans against King Lewis the thirteenth his Brother The Arms of which illustrious and most noble Familie for I cannot let it pass without this honour were Or a Cross Gules cantonned with sixteen Allerions Azure four in every Canton What these Allerionâ— are we shall see in Lorrein take we notice now that from the great possessions which this noble Familie had in all this tract it was and is still called the Vale of Montmorencie 4. S. Denis some three miles from Paris so called of a Monastery built here by Dagobert King of France about the year 640. in memorie of S. Denis or Dionyse the first Bishop of Paris martyred on Mont-martyr an hill adjoyning in the time of Domitian Some of the French Kings because it lay so neer to Paris bestowed a wall upon the Town now not defensible nor otherwise of any consideration but for a very fair Abbie of Benedictines and therein the Sepulchres of many of the French Kings and Princes neither for workmanship nor cost able to hold comparison with those at Westminster 5. St. Cloud or the Town of St. Claudus unfortunately memorable for the murder of King Henry the third who lying here at the siege of Paris from whence he was compelled to flie by the Guisian Faction was wretchedly assassinated by Jaques Clement a Monk employed in that service by the heads of the Holy League 6. PARIS the chief Citie not of this Isle alone but of all the Kingdom By Caesar and Ammianus Marcellinus called Civitas Parisiorum from the Parisians a Nation of Gaul-Celtick whose chief Citie it was by Strabo called Lutetia Lucotetia by Ptolomie quasi in Luto sita as some conjecture from the dirtiness of the soyl in which it standeth A Soyl so dirtie as commonly all rich Countries are that though the streets hereof are paved which they affirm to be the work of King Philip Augustus yet every little dash of rain makes them very slipperie and worse than so yeelds an ill favour to the nose The Proverb is I l destaint comme la fauge de Paris it staineth like the dirt of Paris but the Author of the Proverb might have changed the word and turned it to Il peut c. It stinks like the dirt of Paris no stink being more offensive than those streets in Summer It is in compass about eight miles of an Orbicular form pleasantly seated on the divisions of the Sein a fair large and capacious Citie but far short of the braggs which the French make of it It was thought in the time of King Lewis the eleventh to contein 500000 people of all sorts and Ages which must be the least the same King at the entertainment of the Spanish Ambassadours shewing 14000 of this City in Arms all in a Liverie of â—ed Cassocks with white Crosses A gallant sight though possibly the one half of them were not fit for service These multitudes which since the time of that King must needs be very much increased are the chief strength of the Town the fortifications being weak and of ill assurance Insomuch that when once a Parisian bragged that their Town was never took by force an English man returned this Answer That it was because on the least distress it did use to capitulate It is seated as before was said on the River Sein which serveth
room furnished and adorned herewith Here was born Galen the famous Physican living very healthfully to the age of 140 yearsthis health preserved to so great age by these means specially 1. Never eating or drinking his fill 2. Never eating any thing that was rawe 3. Alwates carrying about him some sweet perfumes Finally this was one of the seven Churches to which Saint John writ his Revelation For though it were originally a City of Mysia yet being near unto the borders of Lydia it was reckoned as a City of the Lydian Asia within the limits whereof those seven Chareche were all comprehended As for the Kings hereof which flourished here for some ages in such wealth and splendour they came but from a poor and obscure original The first of them one Sphiletaerus an Eunuch belonging to Antigonus one of the Great Alexanders greatest Captaines and after his death to Lysimachus King of Thrace by whem trusted with his money and accompts Fearing the furie of his Master then grown old and tyrannous he seized on the Castle of Pergamus and therein on 90000 talents which he offered with his service unto Seleucus the first King of Syria But both Lysimachus and Seleucus dying shortly after he kept the money to himself and reigned in this City as an absolute King leaving the Kingdome at his death to his Brother Eumenes no better man then a poor Carter till raised by the fortunes of this Eunuch Eumenes furnished with money though of no great territory was able by the Gaules and other Mercinaries not only to preserve himself against the Syrian Kings who laid claim to his City but also to enlarge his bounds as he saw occasion But the main improvement of this Kingdome happ'ned in the dales of Eumenes the second the sonne of Attalus the brother and Successour of this Eumenes who being useful to the Romans in their warres against Philip of Macedon and Antiochus the Great King of Swir was liberally rewarded by them with the Provinces of Lydia Phrygia Aeolis Ionia Troas and both the Mysia's which they had taken from Antiochus in the end of that warre The rest of the affaires hereof till it fell in fine unto the Romans taken here in this short Catalogue of The Kings of Pergamus A. M. 3668. 1. Philetaerus the first King of Pergamus of whom before 20. 3688. 2. Eumenes Brother or as some say the Brothers sonne of Philetaerus vanquished Antiochus sirnamed Hierax in a fight neer Sardis and awed Seleucus Callinicus both Kings of Syria 22. 3710. 3. Autalus Brother of Eumenes restored Ariarathes the Cappadocian to his Kingdome and discomsited the Gaules compelling them to keep themselves within the Countrey since named Galatia A Confederate of the Romans and by them much courted 3754. 4. Eumenes II. Sonne of Attalus gratified by the Romans with the spoiles of Antiochus He was an hereditary Enemie to the Kingdome of Macedon which he laboured the Romans to destroy as in fine they did and thereby finding no more use of these Pergamon Kings began to grow to lesse liking with them 3782. 5. Attalus II. Brother of Eumenes to whom the Kingdome was offered by the Romans in the life of his Brother then lesse gracious with them but he most gallantly refused it to the great indignation of the Roman Senate 3792. 6. Fumene III. Brother of Attalus the second and Tutor or Pâ—otectour to his Nephew Attalus in whose minority he governed the estate as King 3813. 7. Attalus III. Sonne of Attalus the second succeeded on the death of his Uncle Eumenes and having held the Kingdome but five years onely deceased without issue bequeathed it by his last Will unto the Romans But before the Romans had possession of so great a Legacy Aristonicus the base Sonne of Eumenes made himself master of Mindus Colophon Samos and many other Towns and estates hereof Against whom the Romans making warre were aided by the greatest part of the Asian Kings not seeing their own danger and destruction to draw neer unto them by letting such a potent neighbour come amongst them to undo them all But the Romans got little by this warre though they had the better of it For being now made masters of the riches and sweets of Asia they took with them their vices also growing thereby to great riot and unparallelled luxurie which overcame the rigour and severity of their former discipline and made them apt for faction and those bloody quarrels which proved the ruine of their State So truly was it said by Justine Sic Asia facta Romanorum cum opibus suis vitia quoque sua Roman transmisit This Kingdome taking it in the largest extent thereof being thus subdued and setled as a Roman Province had the name of Asia according to the name of the Greater Concinent by Pâ—oâ—omie and others called Asiapropria continuing under the subjection of the Roman Emperours till the translating of the Imperiall seat unto Constantinople as after that unto the Emperours of the East till conquered piece-meal by the Turks of the Selznccian family Which being ended in the person of Aladine the second those parts hereof which lay next Troas made up the Kingdome of Carasan or Carasa-Illi as those which had been laid to the Greater Phrygia made up the Ardintant both of them swallowed up long since by the Ottoman Kings the Accessories running the same fortune as the Principalls did 11. ASIA SPECIALIVS DICTA BEsides the Proper Asia spoken of before containing all the Provinces of the Pergamon Kingdome there was one part hereof which antiently had the name of Asia before it was communicated to the greater Continent or this whole Peninsula This for distinctions sake the Romans called the PROCONSULAR ASIA because committed to the government of one of their Proconsuls who had his residence in Ephesus the principall City of this Province together with the Consular Hellespont and the Province of the Isles of Asia This we have spoken of before as also how the Countrey lying about Ephesus had more especially the name of Asia then any other so specially that Erasmus thereupon inferreth that by Asia in the New Testament but more peculiarly in the Acts is meant that part of Asia in which Ephesus standeth This being agreed on for the name we shall bound it on the East with Lydia whereof it was antiently a part on the West with the Aegean Sea on the North with Mysia and on the South with Caria And having so bounded it we shall divide it into the two Regions of AEOLIS and IONIA that of Aeolis lying on the North towards Mysix as Ionia doth upon the South towards Caria possessed both of them by Greek Nations and of them so named Principall Towns in AEOLIS are 1. Acarnea over against the Isle of Lesbos the Royall seat sometimes of the Tyrant Hermias who being once a Scholler of Aristotles but unworthy of so good a Master seized on this City and here committed so great cruelties that at last he was taken
and preaching often honoured and one of the principal of the Decapolitans Some marks of its former greatness it retained when Saint Hierome lived who confesseth it to be a Town of some good capacity but so decaied in the time of Breâ—denbeck and brochardus that it consisted but of six poor Fishermens houses 3. Hamath so called from Hamaâ—â—â— the Sonne of Canaan planted in these parts a Town of such esteem in the elder times that it was rekoned one of the Gates of the Land of Canaan and therefore called in Scripture introitum Hamath or the entrance of Hamath as Num. 34. 8. Jos 13. 5. Judg. 3. 3. c. Mistaken by Saint Hierome for another of the same name in Syria by the Greeks and Romans after them called Epiphania And in this I say he is mistaken Epiphania being placed by Ptolomy two degrees more Eastward than Caesarea Philippi the most Eastern City of all Galilee and two degrees more North than that though the most Northern City of all Palestine The ground of this mistake we have seen before Won by the Syrians of Damascus it was again recovered to the Crown of Israel by Jeroboam the second the Son of Joas and after added by the Romans as were Scythopolis Pella Gadara and some other of the Cities of this tract unto Coele-Syria 4 Kadesh to difference it from others of the same name called Kaâ—â—â— Naphthalim high-seated on the top of an hill as is said Jos 20. 7. the King whereof being taken and slain by Iosuah it was made one of the Cities of Refuge and given to the Levites Most memorable for the birth of Barac who discomsited Sisera Lieutenant of the host of Jabin before mentioned in the infancy of the Jewish State one of the ten Cities of Decapolis in the time of the Romans and an Episcopal See in the first ages of Christianity 5. Riblah watered with the Fountain of Daphnis a little Riveret which hereabouts falleth into Jordan to which City as some say but I think erroniously Zedechias the unfortunate King of the Iews was brought Prisoner unto Nebuchadnezzar who caused his Children to be slain before his face and then put out his eyes But this I look on as an Errour in them that say it the scaene of this sad Tragedy being by Iosephus laid in Reblatha or Riblah a City of Syria the same which in succeeding times had the name of Antioch And certainly Iosephus who for so long was Governour of both the Galilees cannot be conceived to be so ignorant of the State of this Province as to transferre that bloody execution to a City of Syria if it had been acted in this Countrey Nor can I think that this Riblah none of the greatest Towns in the Tribe of Naphthali should be capable of the Court and train of that mighty Monarch especially for so long a time as he is said to have attended in that place the success of his forces then before Hierusalem and the disposal of the State when the Town was taken 6. Saphet another of the Decapolitan Cities strongly if not impregnably seated one of the strongest Fortresses of the Western Christians as it was after their expulsion of the Turks and Saracens who from hence wasted and subdued all the neighbouring Countrey as far as to the very Sea The onely place not of this Countrey onely but of all the East in which the Iews who possessed a third part of this Town have any shew or shadow of a Common-wealth 7. Bethsemes mentioned Ios 15. 38. made tributary unto those of this Tribe though otherwise possessed by the Canaanites who held out against them 8. Carthan or Kiriaitham situate neer the mountain which in following times was called Moas Christi because much freqvented by our Saviour who here made choice of his Apostles as is said Mark 3. 13 and where he also made that Divine Sermon recited in the 5 6 7. Chapters of Saint Matthews Gospel 9. Masoloth a place of great strength but forced by Baccludes Generall of the Armies of the Kings of Syria in the time of the Maccabees 10. Cinnereth a strong City after called Gennesareth whence the Lake or Sea of Tiberias neighbouring neer unto it is sometimes called the Lake of Gennesareth as Luke 5. 1. c. 2. The Tribe of A SER was so called from Aser the 8. Sonne of Iacob begotten on Zilphah the hand-maid of Leah of whom at their first muster when they came out of Egypt were found 41500 persons able to bear Armes all above 20. years of Age and at the second muster when they entred the Land of Canaan 53400 fighting men of the new increase The portion of the land allotted for their habitation was plentifull in wine oyl and wheat with great store of Balsam extending from the coast of Sidon to Ptolemais 30 miles in length and from the Mediterranean Eastward to the Tribe of Napththali some twelve miles in breadth And though they never were of power to reduce the maritime Cities of Ptolemais Tyre Sarepta and Sidon under their command yet had they in this narrow compasse many beautiful Cities and Towns of note which they were quietly possessed of till their subjugation by the Kings of Assyria The principal of those and others which have since been founded 1. Aphek memorable for the great slaughter there made of the Syrians when besieged by Benhadad of whom 100000. were slain by the Israe it es under the leading of Ahab and 27000 killed by the fall of the wall 2. Gabalâ— mentioned by Ptolomy amongst the mid-land Cities of Phoenicia but belonging properly to this Tribe one of those twenty which were offered by Sâ—lomon unto Hiram and upon his refusal peopled by the Israelites Fallen to decay it was afterwards re-built and strongly fortified by Herod the Great 3. Giâ—â—ala a Town of great strength and consequence the birth-place of Iohn or Iehochaman one of the three seditious â—â— Hierusalem when besieged by Titus where he did more mischief than the enemy Attempting to betray this City to the power of the Romans he gave the Tyrians an opportunity to be Masters of it by whom it was burnt unto the ground But being re-built by the Authority of Iosephus then Governour of Galilee for the Iews it was afterwards yielded to Titus upon composition 4. Cana for distinction sake called Cana-Ma or to difference it from another of that name in the Lower Galilee assumed for the dwelling of that woman whose daughter Christ delivered of an evil Spirit called by Saint Mathew a woman of Canaan cap. 15. a Syro-Phoenician by Saint Mark chap. 7. the Syro-Phoenicians of this Tract being originally of the race of Canaan as was said before 5. Hetâ—lan or Châ—â—â—lan the furthest City of the North as 6. Messal or Masheal to the South of the Tribe of Aser Of later date there are 7. Thoron a strong piece built by the Christians on the hills neer Tyre to â—â—â—der the excursions of the Turks when they held
fift on what day soever for on that he came into the world in that he took K. Francis Prisoner at the battel of Pavâ—e and on the same received the Imperial Crown But to return unto the Temple we find that on the Sabbath or Saturday it was taken by Pampey on the same by Herod and on that also by Titus But goe we forwards to Hierusalem as now it standeth it lay in rubbish and unbuilt after the destruction of it by Titus till repaired by Adrian and then the Temple not so much as thought of till out of an ungodly policy in the Reign of Julian that Politick Enemy of the Church who to diminish the infinite number of Christians by the increase of the Jews began again to build this Temple But no sooner were the foundations laid but a terrible Earth-quake cast them up again and fire from Heaven consumed the Tools of the Workmen together with the Stones Timber and other materials As for the City it self after the desolation in it which was made by Titus it was re-edified by the Emperour Aelius Adrianus who named it Aelia drave thence the Jews and gave it to the Christians But this new City was not built in the place of the old For within this Mount Calvary is comprehended which was not in the Old before As on the other side a great part of Mount Sion part of the City of Herod and the Soyl where the New City stood are left out of this the ruines of the other still remaining visible to shew the antient greatness and magnificence of it To look upon it then as it stands at present it is now onely famous for the Temple of the Sepulchre built by Helena whom most report to have been daughter to Corlus a British King Mother to Constantine the great Much a doe had the good Lady to find the place where the LORDS body had been laid for the Jews and Heathens had raised great hillocks on the place and built there a Temple of Venus This Temple being plucked down and the earth dâ—gged away she found the three Crosses whereon our blessed Saviour and the two Theeves had suffered To know which of these was the right Cross they were all carried to a woman who had been long visited with sickness and now lay at the point of death The Crosses of the two Theeves did the weak woman no good but as soon as they laid on her the Cross on which the Lord died she leaped up and was restored to her former health This Temple of the Sepuâ—chre even at the first building was highly reverenced and esteemed by the Christians of these parts and even untill our daies it is much resorted to both by Pilgrims from all the parts of the Romish Church who fondly and superstitiously hope to merit by their journey and also by divers Gentlemen of the reformed Churches who travell hitherward partly for curiosity partly for love to the antiquity of the place and partly because their generous spirits imitate the heaven and delight in motion Whosoever is admitted to the sight of this Sepulchre payeth nine crowns to the Turkish Officers so that this â—ribute onely is worth to the Grand Signeur eighty thousand Duckats yearly The other building generally very mean and poor if not contemptible Built of flint stones Low and but one rock high flat on the tops for men to walk on and fenced with battlements of a yard in hight to preserve them from falling the under-rooms no better than vaults where they repose themselves in the heat of the day Some houses neer the Temple of Solomon and the Palace of Herod adorned with Arches toward the Street where the passenger may walk dry in a showr of rain but not many such nor any thing but the ruins left of the antient buildings The whole circuit of it reduced to two or three miles and yet to those which take a survey thereof from some hills adjoining where the ruines are not well discerned from the standing edifices it affordeth to the eye no unpleasing prospect And as the place is such is the people inhabited for the most part by Artizans of the meanest quality gathered together of the scumme of divers Nations the greatest part consisting of Moores and Arabians a few poor Christians of all the Orientall Sects which dwell there for devotion and some Turks who for the profit which they make of Christians are content to stay in it Insomuch that when Robert Duke of Normandy being then not cured of his wounds and was carried into this City on the backs of some of this rascal people he called to a Gentleman of his who was going for England and bad him say that he saw Duke Robert carried into Heaven on the backs of devils Come we now to the Tribe of LEVI though indeed not reckoned for a Tribe because not planted close together as the other were nor had whole Provinces to themselves but mingled and dispersed amongst the rest of the people having forty eight Cities assigned them for their habitation proportionably taken out of the other Tribes So was it ordered by the Lord partly that they being set apart for his Service might be at hand in every place to instruct the People and partly to fulfill the Prophecy which he had spoken by Jacob who had fore-signified to Levi at the time of his death that he should be divided in Jacob and scattered in Israel The like fortune he had prophesied of Simeon also of the accomplishment whereof so far as it refered to him and the dispersion of his Tribe we have spoken before Now to make up the number of the twelve Tribes Joseph was divided into Ephraim and Manasses and the Levites were reckoned to belong unto that Tribe within whose territorie that City which they dwelt in stood Their maintenance was from the tenths or tithes the first fruits offerings and Sacrifices of the People and as it is in the eighteenth of Joshua v. the seventeenth The Priesthood of the Lord was their inheritance There were of them four kinds 1. Punies or Tirones which from their childhood till the five and twentieth year of their age learned the duty of their offices 2. Graduates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which having spent four years in the study of the Law were able to answer and oppose in it 3. Licenciates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which did actually exercise the Priestly function And 4. Doctors Rabbins they use to call them who were the highest in degree For maintenance of whom they had as before is said the Tithes first fruits and offerings of all the rest of the People besides the 48 Cities assigned for their habitation which last with the severall territories appertaining to them extending every way for the space of two thousand Cubits seems to have been a greater proportion of it self than any of the other Tribes with reference to the small number of the Levites had in their possessions Then for the Tithes
unto Edom whom he overcame and put Garrisons into all their Cities and the Edomites became his servants Governed from thenceforth by a Deputy or Vice-Roy as is said before till the time of Joram the Son of Jehosophat King of Judah in whose Reign they revolted as before was said Never regained to that Crown and but twice endeavoured that so the word of God might be all in all Onely the Simeonites in the reign of Hezekiah wanting pasture for their cattel and room for themselves seized on the parts which lay neerest to them destroyed the inhabitants thereof and dwelt in their habitations because there was pasture for their flocks 1. Chron. 4. 39. Provoked wherewith and with the natural Antipathy which was between them No people were more mischievously bent against Judah than these Edomites were no men so forward of themselves to assist Nabuchadonosor against Hierusalem none that so vehemently cryed Down with it down unto the ground none half so ready to set fire to the holy Temple But they got little by this service to the Babylonians their own thraldome following close upon that of Judah with whom made fellow-subjects to the Chaldaeans as afterwards to the Persians and Kings of Syria of the race of Seleucus In the declining of that house subdued by Hyrcanus the Son of Simon the fourth of the Maccabaean Princes by whom they were compelled to be Circumcised and to receive the Law of Moses not onely reckoned after that as a Province of the Jewish Kingdome but as naturall Jews Which notwithstanding and that the setting of that Crown on the head of Herod and his house being originally Idumaenus might in all reason have extinguished their inveterate malice yet was their hatred of that Nation as great as ever Forgetting therefore how they had been rewatded by the Babylonians they would needs aid the Romans against them also putting themselves into Hierusalem when besieged by Titus onely of purpose to betray it joyning with the seditious there doing more mischief in the City than the enemy had done without and finally setting fire to the second Temple as they had done unto the first Subjected afterwards by the Romans they followed the same fortune with the rest of Palestine Having thus gon through with the story of those neighbouring Nations which encompassed Canaan it will be seasonable to look on the affairs of the Canaanites first and after of the house of Jacob who possessed their Countrey First for the Canaanites they descended from Canaan the son of Cham who with his eleven sons were here setled immediatly after the confusion at Babel Of those twelve taking in the Father five planted in Phoenicia and the coasts of Syria that is to say Sidon Harki Arvadi Semari and Hamathi the other seven in those parts which we now call Palestine though not all of that the Edomites Moabites Midianites Ammonites and Ituraeans being Occupants or Tenants with them And of those seven came those seven Nations which by Gods appointment were totally to be rooted out viz. the Canaanites the Amorites the Hittites the Iebusites the Hivites the Gergeshites and the Perizites But from which of the sons of Canaan these last descended is not yet agreed on unless perhaps they were descended of the Sinites not otherwise reckoned in this muster and got the name of Perizites on some new occasion Governed at first by the Chiefest of their severall Families with the names of Kings the number of which increased as their Families were subdivided into smaller branches insomuch as Iosuah found 31 Kings of the Cannanites onely besides what might descend from those who were setled in Phoenicia and the borders of Syria The most potent of those Nations were the Amorites the Iebusites and the Chanaanites properly so called Of which the Amorites had not onely inlarged their borders beyond Iordan but in the reigns of Og and Sihon ruling at the same time in their severall parts had thrust the Ituraeans Ammonites and Moabites out of most of their Countries and so restored the same again to the race of the Emmims and Zanzummims of which they were who had been dispossessed thereof by the Sons of Lot These vanquished in the time of Moses and their habitations assigned over to the Tribes of Reuben Gad and the one half-tribe of Manasses The Canaanites properly so called as they were the first which fought with the house of Iacob so they were the last of all these people that contended with them They first fought with them under the conduct of Arad their King who thinking it more safe and prudent to encounter the Enemy in an other mans Countrey than to expect them in his own gave battell unto Moses in the Desarts of Moab and having cut off some of the out-parts of his Army and taken a few Prisoners he went home again But Iabin under whom they made their second onset went to work more resolutely and taking a time when the iniquities of that People cried loud for vengeance so prevailed against them that he tyrannized over them for the space of 20 years After which time his Army being discomfited by Baraâ— in the time of Debora Sisera his great Captain slain by Iael the wife of Heber the Kenite and most of his Cities taken and possessed by the Israelites he perished himself in the close of that war for it is said that they prevailed against Iabin the King of Canaan till they had destroyed him Judg. 4. 24. As for the Iebusites they were grown so formidable at the time of the comming of the Hebrews to the rest of their neighbours that their King Adonibezek bragged that he had cut off the thumbs and great toes of 70 Kings and made them eat the crums which fell under his table But being vanquished by Iudah he was served in the same kind himself by Iudah and Simeon and carried to Hicrusalem where he died the whole Countrey of the Iebusites and the City of Hierusalem it self the fortress of Mount Zion excepted onely being made a prey unto the Victor And though the Iebusites held that fortess till the time of David yet being they were onely on the defensive side and made no open war against those of Israel I reckon the Canaanites as the last which did contend with them for the chief command The Canaanites thus conquered and for the most part worn out of the Countrey the Israelites succeeded in their possessions according to the promise of God made to Abraham renewed to Isaac and confirmed to Iacob Governed after the death of Moses and Josuah by the Congregation of the Elders as appears by many passages in the book of Iudg. the Iudges as the Scripture calleth them not being the ordinary Magistrates but raised up occasionally by God for some speciall purpose according to the exigence of their affairs Carrying in this a likeness unto the Dictators in the State of Rome So that the Government at the first was an Aristocratie though to say truth it rather
Hagarenis non à fuga duci But time and opposition at the last reclamed him from this error and in the second edition of his work he is content to follow the common opinion of those men whom in the first he whistled off with the infamous appellation of mendaces But to proceed It hapned much about this time that the Saracens revolting from Heraclius the Eastern Emperour joyned themselves unto him They had long been displeased with their condition and now hoped to mend it Exasperated by Julian the Apostate when they served in his warres against the Persian for telling them when they demanded their pay that he had more store of steel than Gold but then they wanted a fit head to resort unto Now serving Heraclius in the same warre they were used by his Officers in the same ill manner Asking their pay the Treasurer of the Army made them this churlish answer that there was scarce money enough to pay the Roman and Grecian Souldiers and must those dogs be so importunate for their wages Provoked herewith and hearing the fame of Mahomet they betook themselves to him who strengthned by their forces and the coming in of the rest of their Countrey-men soon brought the three Arabias under his subjection To which having defeated the Emperors forces sent against him he added some parts of Syria and Egypt and returning to Mecca there dyed frantick and distempered in the 70th year of his Age and three and twentieth of his impostures of which he had spent thirteen at Medina and the rest at Mecca from his first serling in which City the years of his Empire were computed His dead body being kept four daies in expectation of a resurrection which he promised to perform at the end of three grown full of stench and putrefaction was carried to Medina and there interred his Successors out of wicked and worldly policy keeping up the reputation of that Religion after his decease which they derided in his life and calling themselves Caliphs or Vicars Generall to him their Prophet to the Catalogue of which we hasten made intricate not more by their own confusions than by the difference of those names by which they are presented to us by severall Writers according to the times and Languages in which they writ The Caliphs or Emperours of the Saracens A. C. A. H. 622 5 1. Mahomet the Impostor of whom before 632 15 2. Ebubezer or Vquebar Mahomets Father-in-Law and one of his Great Captains supplanted Ali to whom the Empire was designed by the will of Mahomet and took unto himself the name of Caliph 2. 634 17 3. Haumar the second of Mahomets Great Captains having the command of the Army under Ebubezer succeeded him in the estate and added to it Persia Egypt Palestine with great part of Syria and Mesopotamia 12. 647 30 4. Osmen the third of Mahomets great Captains Husband of Zetneh his second daughter succeeded under that pretence and added all Barbary to his Empire Distressed by the faction of Halt and besieged in his own house he flew himself in the eighty seventh year of his Age and the tenth of his Reign 657 40 5. Hali the Kinsman and next heir of Mahomet and the husband of Fatime his eldest daughter succeeded on the death of Osmen murdered by the procurement of Mxavias neer Cafa in Arabia Felix 660 43 6. Muhavias having murdered Hali his Sonne Hasem or Ossan and eleven of the Sonnes of that Hasem the twelfth onely escaping with life from whom descended the Family of the Alaveci and the Persian Sophies assumed the Government as rightfull Successor to Osmen whose widow the daughter of Mahomet he had took to wife He conquered Rhodes Cyprus and a great part of Asia Minor and was the Founder of the Family of Aben Humeya 681 64 7. Gizid the Son of Muhavias more skilled in Poetry than in Armes 8. Habdalla and Marvan Competitors for the Supreme dignity but carried at last by Marvan 685 68 9. Abdimelech the Sonne of Marvan established the begun conquests of Armenia and Mesopotamia 22. 707 90 10. Vlidor Ulit under whom the Saracens or Moors first conquered Spain 9. 716 99 11. Zulcimin Brother to Ulit whose Captain Mulsamas besieged Constantinople till his Ships were burnt and his men consumed with the Plague 3. 719 102 12. Homar or Haumar II. Son of Vildor Vlit 2. 721 104 13. Izit or Gizid II. the brother of Haumar with whom during his life he was joynt Caliph and after his decease enjoyed it wholly to himself 725 107 14. Evelid by some called Ischam in whose time Charles Martel made such havock of the Moores in France Anno 734 their General then named Abderamen 18. 743 125 15. Gizid III. the Son of Gizid the second 744 126 16. Hyces by some called Ibrahim the brother of Gizid the third slain by Marvan 745 127 17. Marvan II. the last of the house of Ben-Humeya slain by Abdalla of the house of Fatime and Hali. 7. 752 134 18. Abdalla of the house of Alaveci or Alabeci descended from Hali and Fatime the eldest daughter of Mahomet called also the Family of Abas because of their descent from Abas the Uncle of Mahomet and perhaps Father unto Hali. 756 138 19. Abdallas II. 20. Mahomet II. surnamed Bugiafer or Abugefer who built the City of Bagdat made from that time the constant seat of his Successors till their fatall period 777 156 21. Mahadi 9. 786 168 22. Musa or Moyses 1. 787. 169. 23. Aron or Arachid who compelled Irene Empress of Constantinople to pay him tribute 23. 810. 193. 24. Mahamad or Mahomet III. 825. 198. 25. Abdalla III. who took and spoyled Crete and overthrew the Greeks be spoiled Sicilia Sardinia and Corsica 17. 832. 215. 26. Mahomet IV. wasted Italy burnt the suburbs of Rome and harassed the fore-named Ilands 40. Others reckon these Caliphs to have succeeded Mahomet II. 815. 198. 25. Mamon 12. 827. 210. 26. Mutetzam 8. 835. 218. 27. Wacek 4. 839. 222. 28. Methucall 12. 851. 234. 29. Montacer 1. 852. 235. 30. Abul Hamet 6. 858. 241. 31. Almatez 4. 863. 245. 32. Motadi Bila 7. 7. After whose death the Aegyptians with-drew themselves from their obedience due to the Babylonian Caliph and chose one of their own to whom all the Arabians or those of the Mahumetan religion in Africa and Europe submitted themselves Of the Aegyptain Caliphs when we come into that Countrey take now with you the names onely of the Syrian and Babylonian Caliphs for story of them I find little or none the power being totally in the hands of the Sultans of the severall Provinces and nothing left unto the Caliphs but an aiery title the shadow of that mighty Tree which formerly had spread it self over most parts of the World The Babylonian Caliphs after the division A. C. A. H. 870 252 1. Mutemad 21. 891 273 2. Mutezad 8. 897 281 3. Muchtaphi 8. 907 389 4. Muchtedtr 24. 931 313 5. Elhaker 1. 932 314 6.
either we have spoke already Towns of most observation in it 1. Bactra the Metropolis or chief City of it situate at the foot of the Mountains Sogdii giving the name of Bactria unto all the Province It is now called Bochor and still keeps the dignity of the Metropolitan the seat of the Chief-Priest or Bishop of the Mahometans of Zagathay to which this City and great part of the Countrey also doth now belong having here his residence in power and reputation equall to the King himself Well fortified and stored with all military provisions the birth-place as Maginus faith in these latter Ages of Avicenna that learned Philosopher and Physician and in the first Ages of Zoroaster the more learned Astrologer 2. Ebusmt once the Regal seat and therefore honoured by Ptolomy with the name of Regia 3. Zarispe or Charispe the chief City of the Charispae a great Tribe of this Countrey 4. Charracharta mentioned by Ptolomy and Amnaianus these two upon the River Oxus 5. Eucratidia built or repaired by the Macedonians as the name being meerly Greek doth seem to intimate 6. Alicodra as antient as the rest but of no great note in the course of business 7. Iseigias of a later date but of greater beauty than any of those before spoken of superiour to Bochor in elegancy state and greatness though not in dignity and held by some to be the pleasantest of the East This Countrey was as soon peopled as any since the generall Deluge It had not else been possible that Zoroaster King hereof in the time of Ninus and by him assaulted should bring into the field an Army of 400000 men of this and perhaps some other of the neighbouring Provinces as most credible writers say he did Encountring Ninus with this Army he prevailed at first and slew of the Assyrians neer an hundred thousand But Ninus having better opportunities of recruiting his forces invaded him a second time with an Army of 1700000 foot and 200000 horse the greatest on record in all ages since that time except that of Semiramis with which he over came Zoroaster slew him in the field and united Bactria to his Empire Unto this Zoroaster is ascribed the invention of Astronomy but on no good ground that Art or Science being studied before the flood if Seths Pillars mentioned by Josephus be of any credit and therefore probably no otherwise to be ascribed to Zoroaster than as to the Reviver of it or because he first committed that unto writing which he had received by tradition or because he brought those confused notions which he had received from others into rule and method He being slain and Bactra his chief City taken by the wit of Semiramis then the wife of Menon but on the merit of that service made the wife of Ninus the Buctrians became subject unto the Assyran Kings after to the Monarchs of the Medes and Persian In the eâ—piring of which great Monarchy Bessus a false and cruell Traitor did command this Province and having villainously stain Darius his Lord and Master assumed unto himself the title of King of Persiaâ— under the name of Artâ—xenxes But being betrayed by Spitamenes one of his Confederates by him delivered unto Alexander and by Alexander put to a cruell death the Bactrians became subject to the Macedonians and in that right unto Seleucus and the Kings of Syria But long it held not in that State one Theodatus who formerly had the Governmâ—ent of it for the Syrian Kings taking unto himself the title of king and the possession of the Countrey about the same time that Arsaces and the Parthians made the like revolt Wrested from his posterity by one Enthydemus the recovery of it was attempted by Antiochus Magnus and the whole cause put to the trial of a barrel In which though Antiochus had the better and shewed more personal valor in it than any time after yet he was glad to come to a composition and left to Euthydemus both the Crown and the Countrey Made not long after an accession to the Parthian Kingdome it continued part thereof whilest that Kingdome stood and in the time of Ptolomy as long time before had for the chief tribes or nations of it the Salatarae and Zariaspae towards the North the Comani or Coamoni as Pliny calleth them dwelling in the South the middle parts being taken up by the Thocari said to be gens magna the Scorde Savadii Maricae Tambyzi Amarispe and others of as little note In the often changes and alterations of the Persian State one of the last Nations which submitted to the new Pretenders and at this time so neutrall betwixt the Persians and the Cham of Tartary that it is wholly under the power of either More averse from the Persian government since the alteration of Religion made there by Hysinael and the rest of the Sect of Mortis Halt these Bactrians being of the old race of Mahometans which adhered to Haumar Osmen and Abubecher as the true Successours of their false Prophet and therefore ill-affected to the Sophian faction whom they call commonly Caphars or Hereticks for the innovations by them made in the Law of Mahomet Thus having taken a survey of those several Provinces which constitute the Persian Empire and shewn by what means they were first united into one estate we must next look upon the names and actions of those mighty Monarchs who have successively and from time to time enjoyed the Soveraignty By what good chance Arbaces from a Deputy or Lieutenant of Media obtained the Diademe for himself we have shewn before and we have shewn how liberally he enfeoffed the Vice-Roys of the severall Provinces which in the division made betwixt him and Belochus fell unto his share in the propriety and command of those Countreys which before they held Nothing reserved unto himself and his posterity but the title onely and perhaps some acknowledgments made to them as the Lords in chief Nor left he less liberty to his own Medians than to the rest of the Provinces which turning to licenciousness was so hurtful to them that they were glad at last of that wholesome severity which Deioces a more Lordly King began to exercise who taking to himself a guard building the Royall City of Ecbatana and fortifying some other places of importance first brought the people under the command of law in that regard not unfitly called by Herodotus the first King of the Medes Kings of the Medes A. M 3146. 1. Arbaces at first Governour of the Medes under Sardanapalus the Assyrian but joining with Belochus overcame his Master and was the first founder of the Mâ—dian Monarchy 3174. 2. Mandanes the sonne of Arbaces 50. 3224. 3. Sisarmus 30. 3254. 4. Medidus by some called Artyras 25. 3279. 5. Cardicceus whom some call Arbianes 13. 3292. 6. Deioces the founder of Ecbatana and the Legislator of the Medes whom he first brought under the command of Law and a Regal Government the former Kings
for the most part Mahometans especially on the Sea-shores which lay most open and commodious to the Arabians by whom Mahometanism was here planted many ages since Of Rivers we need take no care having spoke of Ganges That with its many Channels may abundantly serve to water so small a Province But hereof more anon in a place more proper Proceed we now unto the Cities The principall whereof 1. Bengala which gave name to the whole Kingdom situate on a branch of the River Ganges and reckoned for one of the most beautifull Towns of all the Indies Exceedingly enriched by trade but more by Pilgrimages by reason of the holyness and divine operations ascribed by the Indians to the waters of it there being few years in which not visited by three or four hundred thousand Pilgrims 2. Gouro the seat-Royall of the antient Kings 3. Catigâ—n on the bottom of the Gulf of Bengala a well-traded Port. 4. Taxdâ— once a Town of great trafick and situate in those times on the banks of Ganges now by the changing of the Channel occasioned by the frequent overflowings of it above a league off from the River 5. Porto Grande and 6. Porâ—o Pâ—quâ—no two Towns of the Portugals but without Forts for defence or rules for Government Places like the Asylum which was built by Romulus whereunto such as dare not stay in their own Countries or any well-regulated Cities use to make their resort privileged here to live in all kind of licentioâ—sness Here is also in the North parts of this Province or adjoining to it the City and Kingdom of ARACHAN Lying along the banks of Ganges but so remote from the Sea that it is 50 miles distant from the neerest branch of it Wealthy and populous withall governed heretofore by a King of its own so wallowing in wealth and sensuall pleasures that he had in this City and the parts adjoyning twelve Royall Palaces or Seraglios all stowed with women for his Iust Now subject with Bengala and Patanaw betwixt which it lieth to the Empire of the great Monguls There are also some small Ilands in the Gulf of Bengala which I account unto that Kindom 1. Bazacata now called Basse 2. Barassae of which name there are five in Prolomy three of them by Mercator said to be Mindâ—nao Cailon and Subut 3. Two called the Ilands of Good fortune by him placed under the Aeâ—uator and said to be inhabited by Anthropophagi or man eaters as also were three more which he calls 4. Sabadibae now named Cainam 5. Iâ—sulae Satyrorum or the 〈◊〉 of Saâ—â—res three in number the people whereof were reported to have tails like Satyres And 6. those called Maniolae in number ten now Islas de Pracel reported by Ptolomy to be so stored with Adamant stones that they violently drew to them any ships or vessels which had iron in them for which cause they which used these Seas fastned the planks of their ships with wooden pins But our later Navigators find no such matter unless perhaps it be in the exploits of Sir Huon of Bourdeaux where indeed we meet with such an Iland in the course of his Errantrie But to return again to the Kindome of Bengala we find it of a different constitution from the rest of the Kingdomes of these parts Not governed by a family of Successive Princes descended from the Stemme of a Royall Ancestrie as the others are Chance or necessity had brought thither many Abassines or Aethiopians who made a conquest of the Country and chose a King out of themselves To keep whan they had gotten and perpetuate the Regall honor to the Abassine Nation they procured thence yearly certain thousands of Slaves whom they trained up unto the warres advanced unto the higest commands in civill and military service and out of them elected one for their Lord and Soveraign as the Mamalucks in the Kingdome of Egypt whom herâ—in they followed By some Arabians trading with them they came in time to admit Mahometanism amongst them on 〈◊〉 Sea-coasts especially Dispossessed first of some part of their Kingdome lying about Satagan by the Pataneans when driven to seek new dwellings by Baburxa the Mongul Tartar and of their whole Kingdom by the valor and good fortune of Echebar who added it unto the rest of his estate Thus have we drawn together all the Indian Provinces on this side of Ganges the Kingdoms of Mâ—labar and Narsinga being but a Parenthesis in the construction of this sentence into the hands of the Moâ—gul So called for his descent from the Mongul-Tartars one of the five great Tribes or Nations into which that People were divided Derived originally from the famous and mighty Tamerlane who having added almost all the greater and lesser Asia unto his estates left Persia with the parts of Indâ—â— which lay neerest to it on the North to Myrza Charrok his fourth sonne But his issue failing in Abdula the 4th of that line those estates fell to Abusaid descended from Maromâ—ha the third sonne of Tamerlane Whose sonne and Successor called Zeuzes by some Malaonchres being disseized of the greatest part of the Kingdome of Persia by Ussan-Cassanes the rights of all with the possession of Arachosia now called Chabul and Paropamisus now Candahor or Sablestan together with so much of India as was held by those Princes remained in Hamed one of the younger sonnes of Abuâ—â—â—aid whose posterity laying hold on such opportunities as were offered to them have made themselves Masters in few years of this mighty Empire Whose Successors and their achievements we shall here present The Great Monguls 1473. 1. Hamed the sonne of Abuâ—â—â—ul of the race of Tamerlane after the conquest of Persia by Vssâ—â—-Cassanes succeeded in Chabus Candahor and the parts of the Realms of India subject to the Tartars 1500. 2. Babor or Baburxa in danger to be dispossessed of most of his Estates by the neighbouring Vâ—beques living upon the borders of Persia Tartary and India whom at last he quieted enlarged his dominions by the conquest of some part of Patanaw and other Kingdomes in the North. 1532. 3. Hamoyen the sonne of Babor or Baburxa commonly called Emanpaxda vanquished by the Parthians or Pataneans and their confederates craved aid of Tamas the 2d Persian Monarch of this line on promise to conform to the Sophian Sect and by that and confirmed and settled his affairs but held himself to the former Principles of his Irreâ—â—gion 4. Merhamed or Miramudius sonne of Emanpaxda called in by Galgee the King of Mandâ—o against Badurius the Cambaian vanquished the Cambaian King in two pitched fields and conquered the Kingdomes of Mandao and Balassia with some other Provinces 5. Adabar the sonne of Merhamed added the Realms of Delly and Cambaia unto his Dominions 1550. 6. Mahomet Selabdin commonly called Eohebar brother of Adabar the most fortunate and victorious Prince of all this family subdued the Kingdoms of Caxiâ—â—ir Agra Decan Orissa Bengala Patanaw and divers others of less note 1605. 7. Selim
〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they are the very words of my Author 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Isidor in the second Chapter of his book above mentioned ascribeth it to Aquila the Libertus or freed man of this Moecenas and to Tertius Persannius and Philargius who added to this invention Yet had all they their chief light in it from Tullius Tito a freed-man of Cicero's who had undertaken and compassed it in the Prepositions but went no further At the last it was perfected by Seneca who brought this Art into order and method the whole volume of his contractions consisting of 5000 words Deinde Seneca contracto omnium digestóque aucto numero opus effecit in quinque millia But now I make haste to take a survey of these Egyptians as they stand at the present much differing from the ingenuity and abilities of their Predecessors For such as have observed the nature of the Modern Egyptians affirm them to have much degenerated from the worth of their Ancestors prone to innovations devoted to luxury cowardly cruel addicted naturally to cavill and to detract from whatsoever is good and eminent In their dealing with other men more observant then faithfull of a wit much inclining to craftiness and very eager on their profit Of person of a mean stature tawnie of complexion and spare of body but active and quick of foot Such as inhabit in the Cities apply themselves to merchandise grow rich by Trading reasonably well habited and not much differing from the Turks in their dress and Fashion Those in the Country who betake themselves to Husbandry affirmed to be a savage and nasty People crusted over with dirt and stinking of smoak sit company for none but those of their own condition Nothing now left amongst them of the Arts of their Ancestors but an affectation which they have unto Divinations to Fortune-telling great pretenders by which and by some cheating-tricks in which very well practised great numbers of them wander from one place to another and so get their livelyhood occasioning the vagabonds and straglers of other Nations who pretend unto the same false Arts to assume their names The whole body of the Inhabitants now an Hochpot or medley of many Nations Moors Arabians Turks the natural Egyptian making up the least part of the reckoning The Women of the same complexion with the men but well formed and featured did they not too much affect a seeming corpulency which if they cannot get in flesh they will have in cloaths Very fruitfull in child bearing and quick of dispatch when they are in labour some of them having three or four children at a Birth those that are born in the eighth moneth living to good Age and not in danger of death as in other Countries Such of them as dwell in Cities cover their faces with black Cypres bespotted with red their armes and ancles garnished with bracelets and hoops of gold silver or some other Mettal Those in the Country for a vail use some dirty clout having holes onely for their eyes which little is too much to see and abstain from loathing Both in the City and the Country contrary to the custom in all places else the women use to make water standing and the men couring on their knees The old Egyptians were so eminent in Arts and Learning that from them Pythagoras and Democritus learnt their Philosophy Lycurgus Solon and Plato their Forms of Government Orpheus and Homer their Poetical fictions of the Gods Particularly here â—lourished Aristarchus that famous and learned Grammariâ—n 2. Herodian a diligent Student and searcher into curious â—rts 3. Ammonius the Master of Plotinus 4. Didymus surnamed Chalcenteros for his indefatigable industry in several Sciences 5. Manethon an old Historian of whom we have nothing but some fragments 6. Appianus an Historian of a later date whose works are extant 7. Didymus the Grammarian 8. Cl. Ptolomaeus the Geographer 9 Achilles Statius the Poet 10. And before all the profound Philosopher Mercurius â—â—â—named Trismegistus And after their conversion to the faith of Christ 1. Pantaenus the first Reader of Divinitiâ— in the Schools of Alexandria 2. Origen and 3. Clemens Alexandrinus both skâ—lled in the universality of Learning 4. Dionysius 5. Athanasius and 6. Cyril all three Bishops of Alexandria and the glories of their severall times Now nothing but ignorance and Barbarism to be found amongst them The Christian faith was first here planted by S. Mark whom all Antiquity maketh the first Bishop of Alexandria His successors till the time of Heraclus and Dionysius chosen continually out of the Presbyterie or Cathedral Clergie afterwards out of the Clergie at large Their Jurisdiction setled by a â—anon of the Council of Nice over all the Churches in the whole Diocese of Egypt taking the word Diocese in the Civil notion containing Libya Pentapolis and Egypt specially so called to which though Epiphanius addes Thebais Maraeotica and Ammoniaca yet he addes nothing in effect Thebais and Maraeotica being parts of Egypt as Ammoniaca was of Libya Afterwards the Aethiopian or Abassine Churches became subject to this Patriarch also and do acknowledge to this day some relation to him By the coming in of the Saracens and the subâ—ugation of this Country Christianity fell here into great decay languishing so sensibly since those times especially since the conquest of it by the Turks that whereas Brochardus in his time reckoned three hundred thousand Christians in the last estimate which was made of them they were found to be but fifty thousand This small remainder of them commonly called Cophti either from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 scindo because they retained the use of Circumcision with their Christianity or from Coptus a chief Town in Egypt in which many of them did reside or finally by abbreviation from Aegopâ—to corrupted from Aegyptii their own National name They are all Jacobites in Sect from whom they differ notwithstanding in some particulars in some from all other Christian Churches in many from the Church of Rome The points most proper to them 1. Using Circumcision with their Baptism but rather as a National then Religious custome though in that sense also laid aside as is said by some by the perswasion of some Legates from the Pope of Rome in a Synod held in Caire An. 1583. 2. Conferring all sacred Orders under the Priesthood on Infants immediately after haptism their Parents till they come to sixteen years of age performing what they promised in their behalf viz. Chastitie fasting on Wednesday and Friday and the four Lents of the year 3. Reputing Baptism not to be of any efficacie except ministred by the Priest in the open Church in what extremity soever 4. And yet not baptizing any Children till the sortieth day though they die in the interim 5. Giving to Infants the Sacrament of the Eucharist assoon as Christened 6. Contracting marriages even in the second Degree of Consanguinitie without dispensation 7. Observing not the Lords day nor any
of the Festivials except only in Cities 8. And in their Liturgies reading the Gospel written by Nicodemus The points wherein they differ from the Church of Rome 1. Administring the Sacrament of the Lords Supper under both kinds 2. Administring in leavened bread 3. Admitting neither Extreme unction nor the use of the Eucharist to those that are sick 4. Nor Purgatory nor Prayer for the dead 5. Not using Elevation in the act of Administring And 6. Reckoning the Roman Church for Heretical and esteeming no better of the Latines then they do of the Jewes In these opinions they continue hitherto against all Opponents and perswasions For though Baronius in the end of the sixth Tome of his Annals hath registred an Ambassage from Marcus the then Patriarch of Alexandria to Pope Clement the 8. wherein he is said to have submitted himself and the Churches of Egypt to the Pope of Rome yet upon further search made it was found but a Cheat devised to hold up the reputation of a sinking cause The Patriarch of Alexandria still adhereth to his own Authority though many of late by the practise and solicitation of some busie Friars have been drawn to be of the Religion of the Church of Rome and to use her Liturgies What their Religion was before Christianity is obvious to the eye of a vulgar Reader even the worst of Gentilism these People not only worshipping the Sun Moon and the Stars of Heaven creatures of greatest use and glory nor only sacrificing to Jupiter Hercules Apollo and the rest of the Gods many of whom were Authors in their severall times of some publike benefit to mankind as did other Gentiles but attributing Divine honours to Crocodiles Snakes Serpents Garlick Leeks and Onions For which as worthily condemned by the Christian Fathers so most deservedâ—y exposed unto publike scorn by the pens of the Poets Porrum caepe nesas violare laedere morsu Felices populi quibus haec nascuntur in Hortis Numina Quis nescit qualia demens Aegyptus portenta colâ—t c. Which may be rendred to this purpose To bite an Onion or a Leek is more Then deadly sinne The Numen they adore Growes in their Gardens And who doth not know What monstroâ—s Shapes for Gods in Egypt go But the God most esteemed by them and by all sorts of the Egyptians the most adored was Apis a coal black Oxe with a white star in his forehead the Effigies of an Eagle on his back and two hairs only in his tail But it seemeth his Godship was not so much respected by Strangers For Cambyses when he conquered Egypt ran him with his sword thorow the thigh and caused all his Priests to be scourged And Augustus being here would not vouchsafe to see him saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that the Gods and not the Oxen of Egypt were the object of his devotions A speech most truly worthy so brave an Emperour Amongst the Rarities of this Country some were the works of nature and some of industry and magnificence Of this last kinde I reckon the Labyrinth the Pyramides and the Phâ—ros all of them admirable in their several kindes the envy of the Ages past and the astonishment of the present Of the Labyrinth we shall speak anon in the course of our business Look we now on the Pyramides many in number three most celebrated and one the principal of all situate on the South of the City of Memphis and on the Western banks of Nilus This last the chief of the Worlds seven Wonders square at the bottom is supposed to take up eight acres of ground Every square 300. single paces in length ascended by 255. steps each step above three Foot high and a breadth proportionable growing by degrees narrower and narrower till we come to the top and at the top consisting but of three stones onely yet large enough for 60. men to stand upon No stone so little in the whole as to be drawn by any of our Carriages yet brought thither from the Arabian Mountains How brought and by what Engine mounted is an equal wonder Built for the Sepulchre of Cheops an Egyptian King as were the rest for others of those mighty Princes who imployed in it day by day twenty yeers together no fewer then 366000. men continually working on it The charges which they put him to in no other food then Garlick Radishes and Onions being computed at a thousand and eight hundred Talents The next to this in bulk and beauty is said to be the work of a daughter of Cheops enabled as Herodotus writeth both to finish her Fathers undertaking and raise her own unto the height by the prostitution of her body requiring but one stone towards the work from each one of her Customers but the tale unlikely Nor is it of a greater Truth though affirmed by Josephus and supposed by many good Divines that the drudgery put upon the Israelites did concern these Pyramides the Materials of these works being stone their imployment brick But past all doubt advanced by those considerate Princes upon good advice and not for ostentation only of their power and glories For by this means they did not only eternize their memory to succeeding Ages but for the present kept the Subject from sloth and idleness who being a People prone unto Innovations were otherwise like enough to have fed that sin in the change of Government if not thus prudently diverted Next these Pyramides I place the Isle and Tower of Pharos the Island opposite unto Alexandria once a mile distant from the Land but joyned to the Continent by Cleopatra on this occasion The Rhâ—dians then Lords of the Sea used to exact some tribute or acknowledgement out of every Island within those Seas and consequently out of this Their Ambassadors sent unto Cleopatra to demand this tribute she detained with her seven days under colour of celebrating some solemn Festivals and in the mean time by making huge dams and banks in the Sea with incredible both charge and speed united the Island to the shore Which finished she sent the Rhodians away empty-handed with this witty jeere telling them that they were to take Toll of the Islands and not of the Continent A work of great rarity and magnificence both for the bigness of it taking up seven Furlongs of ground and for that cause called Heptastadium and that incredible speed wherewith it was finished As for the Watch Tower called in Greek and Latine Pharos by the name of the Island it was built by Ptolomy Philadelphus for the benefit of Sailors the Seas upon that coast being very unsafe and full of Flats to guide them over the Bar of Alexandria Deservedly esteemed another of the Worlds seven Wonders the other five being 1. the Mausolaeum 2. the Temple of Ephesus 3. the Walls of Babylon 4. the Colossus of Rhodes and 5. the Statue of Jupiter Olympicus This Watch-tower or Pharos was of wonderfull height ascended by degrees and having many Lanthorns at
the Nephew of Cham from whence this Nation in the Scripture have the name of Ludim A nation not much taken notice of in the first Ages of time but by an Errour of Josephus who giving too much credit to some Talmudical Tales or willing to advance the reputation of the Jews to the highest pitch telleth us a story how the Aethiopians invaded and endangered Egypt how they were beaten back by Moses the City of Meroe besieged and taken by him or rather delivered to his hands by Tharbis the daughter of the King who had fallen in love with him and on the betraying of the City was married to him All this not only questioned but rejected by discerning men as a Jewish Fable that hath no ground to stand upon in true Antiquity With little better fortune and as little truth do the Aethiopians tell the story of their own Original By whom we are informed that Chus the son of Cham first reigned in this Aethiopia to whom succeeded his son Regma and next after Dedan that from the death of Dedan till the reign of Aruch the certain time whereof they tell not the People lived in Caves and holes digged under the ground as did the Troglodites an ancient Nation of this Country in the times long after that Arac first built the City of Aruma and by that pattern taught them the use of Towns and Cities But the main part of the Legend is the story of Maqueda a Queen hereof and the fourth from Aruch whom they will have to be the Queen of Sheba famous in both Testaments for the Royal Visit which she bestowed upon Solomon Of whom they tell us that being got with childe by Solomon when she was in his Court she was delivered of a Son whom she caused to be called Melech or Melilech and at the age of 20 years to be sent to his Father By whom instructed in the Law and circumcised and called by the name of David he was returned into his Country with Azarias the son of Zadok the Priest who had stollen the two Tables of the Law and carried them with him into Aethiopia where the old Queen resigned the Empire to her son His Successors afterwards called David till Indion as they call him the Eunuch of Queen Candace returning home baptized the young Prince by the name of Philip. This is the substance of the Legend as related by them in their own Chronicles but we know that they are no Gospel That Chus planted in Arabia hath been shewn already as also what absurdities must needs arise from supposing the Land of Chus to be this Aethiopia Therefore most probable it is that this Countrey was first peopled by the children of Ludim as before was said To whom the Abassenes coming out of Arabia Felix might be after added and in some tract of time be of such great power as to put their name upon the Countrey For that the Abassenes were originally an Arabian People appeareth by Stephanus one of the old Chorographers who out of Vranius An ancienter Author then himself hath told us this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Another Stephanus and he a very learned Grammarian and Lexicographer hath as he thinks decided the controversie by making Sheba the son of Chus the Progenitor of the Arabians and Sheba the son of Regma the Father of the Aethiopians and for this cause hath fitted us with this pretty Criticism that Sheba when it is written with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Samech must be rendred AEthiopia and Arabia when writ with 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Shin But this by no means will be found to agree the controversie it being evidently clear that both Sheba the son of Chus and Sheba the son of Regma were originally setled in Arabia as there hath been shewn though I deny not but that some of the Posterity of Chus in those elder time before the coming over of the Abasine nations might either out of too much populosity or desire of change cross over the Arabian Gulf and take up such parts of this Countrey as the Ludims had not fully peopled with whom conjunct at last both in name and government And as for Maynedu supposing that to be her name she was doubtless Queen of the Sabaeans in Arabia Felix not of the Aethiopians in the waste of Africk For besides the longsomness of the way too much for a Woman and a Queen to travel it is very probable that the Son of Solomon by this Lady would never have suffered Egypt to have layen in quiet whilest Sesac the King thereof made war upon Rehoboam the Son of Solomon also and so by consequence his half Brother But to leave these uncertain Fables the first action of moment which we meet with in unquestioned Story touching these Aethiopians is that which hapned betwixt them and Cambyses the Persian Monarch who having by force of Arms united Egypt to Persia conceived it to be worth his labour to unite Ethiopia unto Aegypt also Upon this Resolution he sent Ambassadors to that King to search into the passages of his Country and discover his strengths and by them sent a Tun of wine some Bracelets a Purple habit and a Box of sweet ointments to present him with Which Presents being tendred to him he looked upon the Unguents and the Purple Robe as too slight and effeminate the Bracelets he conceived to be bonds or fetters and openly laught at them as too weak to hold in a Prisoner but with the Wine he was very well pleased and sorrowed that his Country yielded no such liquour But understanding well enough what this visit aimed at he gave the Ambassadors at their parting amongst other gifts an Aethiopian Bow of great length and strength requiring them to tell their Master that untill every Persian could bend that Bow the Aethiopian Bows being a foot longer then the Persian as before was noted it would be no safe warring upon his Dominions and that he had good cause to thank the Gods for giving the Aethiopians so contented mindes as not to think of conquering their Neighbours kingdoms Lying far off and parted from Egypt by vast mountains we finde then not looked after by the Macedonians Nor had the Romans medled with them had they not been provoked by Candace the Queen hereof during the Empire of Augustus who having made a War on Egypt was by Petronius Governour of that Province brought to such conformity that she was fain to sue for peace and to purchase it with the loss of some part of her Country To keep them quiet for the future Philae an Aethiopian City but on the borders of Egypt is made a Garrison by the Romans and the seat of their Deputy for these parts held by them till the Empire of Dicclesian and by him abandoned because the charge of keeping it did exceed the profit After this growing into power and reputation the Aethopian Kings were reckoned of as friends to the Roman Empire in so much as Justinian sent