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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	affirm_v	great_a	zion_n	28	3	9.4642	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A47555	The Turkish history from the original of that nation, to the growth of the Ottoman empire with the lives and conquests of their princes and emperours / by Richard Knolles ... ; with a continuation to this present year MDCLXXXVII ; whereunto is added, The present state of the Ottoman empire, by Sir Paul Rycaut ...	Knolles, Richard, 1550?-1610.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. Present state of the Ottoman Empire.; Grimeston, Edward.; Roe, Thomas, Sir, 1581?-1644.; Manley, Roger, Sir, 1626?-1688.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700. History of the Turkish empire.	1687 (1687)	Wing K702; Wing R2407; Wing R2408; ESTC R3442	4,550,109	2,142

but the King laid Siege to both the said places and took them by assault where he put to the Sword five thousand of the Turks The Turks Bassa's terrified with those unexpected troubles advertised Amurath thereof requesting him to leave his obscure Life and to levy the greatest Power he could in Asia for the defence of the Turkish Kingdom in Europe which otherwise was in short time like to be lost blaming also his discretion for committing the Government of so great a Kingdom to so young a Prince as was Mahomet his Son unto whom many of the great Captains did half scorn to yield their due obedience Amurath herewith awaked as it had been out of a dead sleep left his Cloister and with great speed gathered a strong Army in Asia and came to the Straits of Hellespontus where he found the passage stopped by the Venetian and Popes Gallies and was therefore at his Wits end But marching alongst the Sea side unto the Straits of Bosphorus he there found means to convey over his whole Army using therein as some write the help of the Genoway Merchants Ships paying unto the Genowayes for the passage of every Turk a Ducat which amounted to the sum of an hundred thousand Ducats or as some others affirm corrupting with great Bribes them that were left for the defence of this passage And being now got over joyned his Asian Army with such other Forces as his Bassaes had in readiness in Europe and so marching on seven days encamped within four miles of Varna a City pleasantly standing upon the Euxine Sea side in Bulgaria where the Christian Army lay for Uladislaus hearing of Amurath his coming with so great an Army had retired thither having but a little before taken the same City of Varna from the Turks with Calachrium Galata Macropolis and others upon the Sea Coast. Upon the first report that Amurath was with such a mighty Army come over the Strait of Bosphorus Uladislaus who before was in good hope that he could not possibly have found any passage entred into Counsel with the Commanders of his Army what course he was now best to take where many which before had been most forward in that action presuming that Amurath could by no means have transported his Army were now so discouraged with the fame of his coming that they advised the King in time to retire home and not to oppose so small an Army against such a world of People as was reported to follow the Turk But other Captains of greater Courage and especially Huniades said It was not for the Kings honour first to invade his Enemies Dominions and presently to turn his Back upon the first report of their coming wishing him rather to remember the good Fortune of his former Wars and that he was to fight against the same Enemy whom he had victoriously overthrown the year before as for the multitude of his Enemies he had learned by experience as he said not to be moved therewith for that it was the manner of the Turkish Kings more to terrifie their Enemies with the shew of a huge Army than with the Valour of their Souldiers which were nothing to be accounted of but as effeminate in comparison of the Hungarians Whereupon the King resolved to trie the fortune of the Field Uladislaus understanding by his Espials that Amurath the night before encamped within four miles was now putting his Army in order of Battel committed the ordering of all his Forces unto the valiant Captain Huniades who with great care and industry disposed the same garding the one side of the Battel with a Fen or Marish and the other side with Carriages and the Rereward of his Army with a steep Hill. Therein politickly providing that the Christian Army being far less than the Turks in number could not be compassed about with the multitude of their Enemies neither any way charged but afront The Turks Army approaching began to skirmish with the Christians which manner of Fight was long time with great courage maintained and that with diverse Fortune sometime one party prevailing and sometime the other but with such Slaughter on both sides that the ground was covered and stained with the dead Bodies and Blood of the slain At length the Battel being more closely joyned the Victory began to incline to the Christians for Huniades had most valiantly with his Transilvanian and Valachian Horsemen put to Flight both the Wings of the Turkish Army and made great Slaughter wheresoever he came Insomuch that Amurath dismaied with the Flight of his Souldiers was about to have fled himself out of the main Battel had he not been staied by a common Souldier who laying Hands upon the Rains of his Bridle staid him by force and sharply reproved him of Cowardise The Captains and Prelates about the King whom it had better beseemed to have been at devout Prayers in their Oratories than in Arms at that bloody Battel encouraged by the prosperous success of Huniades and desirous to be Partakers of that Victory foolishly left their safe Stations where they were appointed by him to stand fast and disorderly pursued the chase leaving that side of the Battel where they stood open unto the Turks but they were not gon far before they were hardly encountred by a great part of the Turks Army for such purpose placed in a Vally fast by In which Fight Lesco one of the most valiant Captains of the Hungarians was slain and the Bishop of Veradium a better Church-man than Souldier and the first man that disordered the Battel seeking to save himself by Flight through the Fen was there strangled in the deep Mud after he had with his Horse therein strugled a great while The Bishop of Agria a man of greatest Authority with the King was at the same time also lost with many other Church-men more The Cardinal with some other of the expert Captains retiring toward their former standings were hardly assailed by the Turks who by the coming in of the King and Huniades were with great slaughter forced to retire and even ready to flie Amurath seeing the great slaughter of his men and all brought into extream danger beholding the picture of the Crucifix in the displaied Ensigns of the voluntary Christians pluckt the Writing out of his Bosome wherein the late League was comprised and holding it up in his Hand with his Eyes cast up to Heaven said Behold thou crucified Christ this is the League thy Christians in thy name made with me which they have without cause violated Now if thou be a God as they say thou art and as we dream revenge the wrong n●w done unto thy Name and me and shew thy Power upon thy perjured People who in their deeds deny thee their God. The King with Huniades furiously pursued the chased Turks with bloody execution a great space when as the King in his heat hardly perswaded by Huniades to return again unto his Camp at his coming thither

of the Rhodians that he seemed to make no doubt of the good success of that War presumptuously affirming that upon the first landing of Solymans great Army they of the Rhodes would without delay yield themselves and their City into his hands Amongst others of great experience whose opinion Solyman was desirous to have before he would take so great a matter in hand was the famous Pirat Cortug-Ogli a Man of a mischievous and cruel Nature but of great experience in Sea matters Who presented to Solyman by Mustapha and Ferhates two of the greatest Bassaes going before him after due reverence done and commanded to deliver his opinion spake unto Solyman as followeth The greatness of your deserts most mighty and puissant Emperor maketh me being by you so commanded at this time frankly to speak what I think may be for the glory and honour both of your Majesty and Empire I daily hear the pitiful lamentation of the miserable People of Mitylene Euboea Peloponesus Achaia Caria Lycia and all alongst the Sea Coast of Syria and Egypt bewailing the spoil of their Countries the ransacking of their Cities the taking away of their Cattel and People with other infinite and incredible Calamities which they daily suffer of the crossed Rhodian Pyrats no Man withstanding them Many a time have these wretched People holden up their Hands to me for help most instantly requesting me to be a mean for them to your Imperial Majesty whereby they might be prot●cted from the injury rapine and slaughter of these cruel Rovers Wherefore in their behalf I beseech your sacred Majesty by the most reverend Name of the holy Prophet Mahomet and by your own most heroical Disposition to deliver your afflicted Subjects from these their most cruel Enemies and at length to set them free from the fury captivity and fear of these Pyrats more grievous unto them than death it self and consider with your self that this injury and insolency tendeth not so much to the hurt of your poor Subjects and oppressed People in private as to the dishonour and disgrace of your Imperial Name and Dignity which if any other Christian King or Prince should offer your Majesty I know would not suffer unrevenged And will you then suffer these Robbers Cut-throats base People gathered out of all the Corners of Christendom to wast your Countries spoil your Cities murther your People and trouble all your Seas For who can pass by Sea to Tripolis Damasco Alexandria Caire Chalcide Lesbos Chios nay unto this your Imperial City of Constantinople without most certain and manifest danger of these Rovers What have we heard every Spring this many years but that the Rhodians had taken some one or other of your Ports led away your People into most miserable Captivity and carried away with them the rich spoils of your Countries And that which is of all other things most dishonourable this they do under your nose and in your sight in the midst and heart of your Empire Pardon me I beseech you most Mighty Emperor if I too plainly speak what I think For whatsoever I say I say it to no other end b●t that you should now at length do that which should many years ago have been done We your most Loyal Subjects may not nor ought not for the increase of our Mahometan Religion and for the enlarging of your Empire and Honour to refuse to adventure our Goods our Bodies our Lives to all hazard and danger without exception If you likewise be carried with love of Glory and Renown or ravished with the desire of never dying Fame in what Wars can you more easily gain the same or better imploy us your Servants than in vanquishing and subduing the Rhodes the reputed Bulwark of Christendom which only ke●peth us from their Countries But some will perhaps say your Ancestors have in former times unfortunately attempted that City so did they also Belgrade in Hungary yet hath your happy Fortune to your immortal Fame brought the same under your subjection being far more strongly fortified than it was in times past and do you then despair of the Rhodes Cast off such vain and needless misdoubt The Turkish Empire-hath always grown by adventures and honourable attempts Therefore make hast to besiege it both by Sea and Land. If your Subjects mourning under the heavy burthen of the Christian Captivity built it with their own Hands for the Christians cannot they now at liberty desirous of revenge and fitted with opportunity with like hands destroy the same If it please you to vouchsafe but to look into the matter most dread Sovereign you shall see that there is a divine occasion by the procurement of our great Prophet Mahomet presented unto your most Sacred Majesty now that the Christians of the West are at discord and mortal War amongst themselves Your Majesty is not ignorant that in mannaging of Wars the opportunity of the time is especially to be followed and that when occasion serveth all remisness and delay is to be carefully avoided the changes of times are most fickle and if you suffer your good hap now to pass over you shall perhaps in vain afterwards pursue the same when it is fled and gone Solyman by Nature an ambitious young Prince prickt forward thus also by the perswasions of Cortug-Ogli and others seeking their further credit and preferment by fitting his ambitious humor but most of all by th● instigation of the Bassa Mustapha resolved to go in person himself against the Rhodes And first to make some proof of what spirit and courage Villerius the new chosen Great Master was of in whose sufficiency the greatest part of the defence of the City was supposed to consist to him by way of a little cold Friendship he sent a Messenger with this short Letter thus directed Solyman by the grace of God King of Kings Lord of Lords greatest Emperor of Constantinople and Trapezond most Mighty King of Persia Arabia Syria and Egypt Lord of Asia and Europe Prince of Mecha and Aleppo Ruler of Ierusalem and Master of the Universal Sea To the reverend Father Philippus Villerius Liladamus Great Master of the Rhodes and Legate of Asia Greeting I am glad of thy Kingdom and new promotion which I wish thou mayest long and happily enjoy for that I hope thou wilt in Honour and Fidelity exceed all them which before thee Ruled in the Rhodes from whom as my Ancestors have withdrawn their hand so I after their example joyn with thee in amity and friendship Ioy thou therefore my Friend and in my behalf rejoyce of my Victory and Triumph also for this last Summer passing over Danubius with Ensigns displayed I there expected the Hungarian King who I thought would have given me Battel I took from him by strong hand Belgrade the strongest City of his Kingdom with other strong holds thereabouts and having with Fire and Sword destroyed much People and carried away many more into Captivity as a triumphant Conqueror breaking up

for them to dwell in with the Temple of the Sepulchre of our Saviour and Mount Sion not for any devotion either unto them or those places but for that it yielded them a great profit by the recourse of devout Christians travelling thither reserving in the mean time unto themselves the other two parts of the City with the Temple of Solomon before re-edified by the Christians Now whilst the Sarasins thus triumph it in the East and not in the East only but over a great part of the West also contenting themselves with such Tributes as they had imposed upon the subdued Nations and Countries up start the Turks a vagrant fierce and cruel people who first breaking into Asia as is before declared and by rare fortune aspiring unto the Kingdom of Persia subdued the Countries of Mesopotamia Syria with the greatest part of the lesser Asia and Iudaea together with the Holy City who both there and in all other places held the poor oppressed Christians in such Subjection and Thraldom as that the former government of the Sarasins seemed in comparison of this to have been but light and easie Neither was there any end or release of these so great miseries to have been expected had not God in mercy by the weak means of a poor Hermit stirred up these most worthy Princes of the West to take up Arms in their defence who having with their victorious Armies recovered the lesser Asia with a great part of Syria were now come unto this Holy City The Governour of Ierusalem understanding by his Espials of the proceedings of the Christians had before their approach got into the City a great garrison of right valiant Souldiers with good store of all things necessary for the holding out of a long Siege The Chrstians with their Army approaching the City encamped before it on the North for that toward the East and the South it was not well to be besieged by reason of the broken Rocks and Mountains Next unto the City lay Godfrey the Duke with the Germans and Lorains near unto him lay the Earl of Flanders and Robert the Norman before the West gate lay Tancred and the Earl of Tholouse Bohemund and Baldwin were both absent the one at Antioch the other at Ediss● The Christians thus strongly encamped the fifth day after gave unto the City a fierce ass●ult with such chearfulness as that it was verily supposed it might have been even then woon had they been sufficiently furnished with scaling ladders for want whereof they were glad to give over the assault and retire But within a few days after having supplied that defect and provided all things necessary they came on again afresh and with all their power gave unto the City a most terrible assault wherein was on both sides seen great valour policy and cunning with much slaughter until that at length the Christians weary of the long Fight and in that hot Country and most fervent time of the year fainting for lack of Water were glad again to forsake the assault and to retire into their Trenches only the Well of Siloe yielded them water and that not sufficient for the whole Camp the rest of the Wells which were but few being before by the Enemy either filled up or else poysoned Whilst the Christians thus lay at the Siege of Ierusalem a Fleet o● the Genowaies arrived at Ioppa at which time also a great Fleet of the Aegyptian Sultans lay at Ascalon to have brought relief to the besieged Turks in Ierusalem whereof the Genowaies understanding and knowing themselves too weak to encounter them at Sea took all such things out of their Ships as they thought good and so sinking them marched by Land unto the Camp. There was amongst these Genowaies divers Engineers men after the manner of that time cunning in making of all manner of Engines fit for the besieging of Cities by whose device a great moving Tower was framed of timber and thick planks covered over with raw Hides to save the same from fire out of which the Christians might in safety greatly annoy the Defendants This Tower being by night brought close to the Wall served the Christians instead of a most sure fortress in the assault the next day where whilst they strive with warlike Valour and doubtful Victory on both sides from morning until midday by chance the wind favouring the Christians carried the flame of the fire into the face of the Turks wherewith they had thought to have burnt the Tower with such violence that the Christians taking the benefit thereof and holpen by the Tower gained the top of the Wall which was first footed by the Duke Godfrey and his Brother Eustace w●●h their followers and the Ensigns of the Duke there first set up to the great encouraging of the Christians who now pressing in on every side like a violent River that had broken over the Banks bare down all before them All were slain that came to hand Men Women and Children without respect of Age Sex or Condition the Slaughter was great and the sight lamentable all the Streets were filled with blood and the bodies of the dead Death triumphing in every place Yet in this confusion a wonderful number of the better sort of the Turks retiring to Solomons Temple there to do their last Devoir made there a great and terrible Fight armed with dispair to endure any thing and the victorious Christians no less disdaining after the winning of the City to find there so great resistance In this disperate conflict fought with wonderful obstinacy of mind many fell on both sides but the Christians ●ame on so fiercely with desire of blood that breaking into the Temple the foremost of them were by the press of them that followed after violently thrust upon the weapons of their Enemies and so miserably slain Neither did the Turks thus oppressed give it over but as men resolved to dy desperately fought it out with invincible courage not at the gates of the Temple only but even in the midst thereof also where was to be seen great heaps both of the Victors and the vanquished slain indifferently together All the Pavement of the Temple swam with blood in such sort that a man could not set his foot but either upon some dead man or over the shooes in blood Yet for all that the obstinate Enemy still held the Vaults and top of the Temple when as the darkness of the night came so fast on that the Christians were glad to make an end of the Slaughter and to sound a Retreat The next day for Proclamation was made for mercy to be shewed unto all such as should lay down their weapons the Turks that yet held the upper part of the Temple came down and yielded themselves Thus was the famous City of Ierusalem with great bloodshed but far greater honour recovered by these worthy Christians year 1099. in the year 1099 after it had been in the hands of the Infidels above

and therefore commonly called him in derision a King but still with this addition Sans Ville that is to say Without a Town Now was the ten years Peace before taken betwixt the Turks and the Christians in Syria at the coming over of Simon Marquess of Mont-Ferrat as is before declared almost expired which had not so much given to those poor remnants of the Christians some time of rest and breathing as had the discord of the Turks among themselves which having for the space of nine years continued betwixt Noradin and Saphadin for the Soveraignty was now by the death of Saphadin ended Noradin contenting himself with the Government of Aleppo and Corradin and Meledin the two Sons of Saphadin dividing their Fathers Kingdom betwixt them the one taking unto himself Damasco and Syria and the other the great Kingdom of Egypt but all Enemies unto the Christians About this time also or not long after Innocentius tertius yet Pope summoned a general Council at Lateran whereunto besides a multitude of great Bishops and other reverend Prelates repaired also the honourable Embassadors of most of the Princes of Christendom unto whom so assembled among other things was propounded the dangerous estate of the Christians in Syria and how the same was by the help of the Christian Princes of the West to be relieved Whereunto all the Fathers and Princes there assembled easily gave their consent and thereupon were some appointed in every Country and Province to publish this Decree of the Council for the Relief of the oppressed Christians and to stir up the devout people for the undertaking of so religious a War. The chief Furtherers of this sacred Expedition to be thus taken in hand against the Infidels were the Bishops of Germany especially the three great Bishops of Mets Cullen and Triers whose example moved also many others all which to rehearse were tedious Out of France also were sent Henry the Count of Nivers and one Gualter the Kings great Chamberlain with a great number of the gallant Youths of France and so out of divers other places so that at length such a number of men were met together at divers Ports of the Adriatick as made up a Fleet of two hundred Sail which with a prosperous Wind carried over into Syria arrived in safety at Ptolemais the chief City of the Christians now that Ierusalem was lost After whom followed also Andrew King of Hungary long before bound both by his Fathers commandment and his own promise for the undertaking of that sacred Expedition with whom came also Lewis Duke of Bavaria and Leopold Duke of Austria with their Forces all well appointed unto whom also Iohn King of Ierusalem joyned himself with his Power Great hope and expectation there was for some great matter to have been done now that so great Forces of the Christians were thus met together Who setting forward from Ptolemais and the first day marching into Galilee by the way met with certain Companies of the Turks whom they easily overthrew and put to flight The next day they came to the River of Iordan where they also distressed certain of the Turks Garrisons There the King of Hungary bathing himself in the River forthwith as one discharged of his Vow and Promise returned with all his Power unto Ptolemais and so from thence back again into his Country all the rest of the Army of the Christians crying out to him to the contrary who after the Kings departure still marching on came to the Mount Thabor But shortly after Winter now coming on and many of their Cattel dying for cold and want of meat they returned some to Ptolemais some to Tyre and there wintred King Iohn and the Duke of Austria in the mean time took a Castle betwixt Coesarea and Caipha called The Castle of Pilgrims from whence they much troubled the Barbarians thereabouts all that Winter Upon the appearance of the Spring and the Army again met together it was thought best by all the great Commanders that for so much as the Kingdom of Egypt was the chief Maintenance of the Mahometan Superstition against the Christians in those parts and that so long as it stood upright they should not be able to do any great matter in Syria to attempt the Conquest thereof as an exploit best beseeming their Valour and so great preparation for that Kingdom being once subdued the City of Ierusalem with all the Land of Palestine would of themselves without more ado straightway yield unto them And for as much as the famous City of Damiata called in ancient time Pelusium not much inferior unto Alexandria was the first and most commodious Port for that purpose as nearest unto Syria and that by the taking thereof they should have a fair entrance into the great River Nilus with the command of a most rich and pleasant Country about it They resolved there to begin the War and thereupon embarking themselves with all things necessary for so great an Enterprise at Ptolemais and carried with a fair Wind they in short time arrived at the desired Port. Now that rich and ancient City the Key of that side of the Kingdom stood about a mile from the Sea and somewhat distant also from the great River environed with a Navigable Ditch or Cut drawn out of Nile in manner of an Island as a man cometh from Syria by Land and compassed about with three strong stone Walls the work of the good Emperor Aelius Pertinax and of him as some affirm called also Aeliopolis At the mouth of this Cut as you should enter into the City stood a strong Watch-Tower for the defence thereof and round about it a number of fair Houses in manner of a pretty Town entrenched Besides that for the more safety thereof the same Cut was barred with a great strong iron Chain in such sort as that it was not possible for any Ship without breaking of the same to enter The Christians with their Fleet entring the mouth of the River and coming to this Cut by great strength brake the Chain but thinking so to have made their passage unto the City they found a greater stay at the Watch-Tower which strongly built of square Stone and well stored with War-like Engins of all sorts and a good Garrison of valiant Souldiers stayed their further passage overwhelming them as they approached with shot fire stones timber and such like before provided for that purpose The Christians after the manner of the fight of that time had upon certain flat Vessels built certain high Towers of Wood for the assailing of the Watch-Tower in the approaching whereof they were not only troubled with the Enemy but with the tumult and stir of their own people also some crying that they should yet draw nearer unto the Tower othersome crying out as fast to have the Bridges cast out thereby to enter and the Enemy likewise with much clamour encouraging one another for the repulsing of the Christians So the Souldiers hindred

for the establishing of the Succession in this new Kingdom and for the division of Othomans Treasure and Goods betwixt them two his Sons But upon view taken there was no Mony Plate or Jewels found in the Kings Coffers for that he had in his life time most bountifully bestowed it upon his men of War so that all the Wealth he left unto them his Sons was the honourable remembrance of his Life for them to imitate large Dominions for their Possessions store of ready Horses and Armor fit for service with great Herds of Beasts and Cattel for Houshold Provision Whereupon Orchanes demanded of his Brother Aladin what order he thought was best to be taken with those things by their Father so left To whom Aladin answered That it was most requi●ite first to establish a King in their Fathers Kingdom which like a good Shepherd might govern and defend his Subjects rule and maintain his men of War providing all things meet for defence of his Kingdom And that unto him of right belonged all these other things by their Father left as the Patrimony of his Successor for the common good and maintenance of his Estate As for mine own part said Aladin I claim no interest therein you being my elder Brother and so unto me instead of a Father by whom also you have been these two years as it were already put in possession of the Kingdom all things being committed to your Government during the time of his late sickness This modesty of Aladin was greatly commended of all the ancient Counsellors by means whereof the Kingdom in all peaceable manner descended to Orchanes In regard of which courtesie Orchanes would gladly have made Aladin his Brother President of his Council which Honour he would in no wise accept but requested rather that he would give him the Lordship of Fodore in Tekences Country which Orchanes frankly granted In which Lordship of Fodore Aladin most part lived a private and quiet life and afterwards built two Mahometan Churches and an Abbey at Prusa there yet at this day to be seen Some Latine Historiographers otherwise report this beginning of Orchanes his Reign as that O●homan should have three Sons and that Orchanes the youngest obtained the Kingdom by murthering of his other Brethren A practice of late much used amongst the Turkish Princes but not before the time of Bajazet the first of that name who first of the Turkish Monarchs embrued his hands with his Brothers Blood where before they used all brotherly love one to another as the mo●t probable Histories collected out of the Turks own Chronicles affirm The Christian Princes and Captains presently upon the death of Othoman recovered the City of Nice with divers other Castles and Forts out of the hands of the Turks as it commonly chanceth that Dominions lately won with great peril are soon again lost the Conqueror dying before there be a firm Government established Amongst other sorts by the Christians repossessed the Castle of Tzuprichiser situate upon the passages of the River Sangarius most grieved the Turks for thereby their passage into that part of Bithynia was much impeached Wherefore Orchanes desirous to recover this Castle disguised himself with a few other of his best Souldiers in the apparel of Christian Merchants and came to the Castle craving leave to pass as Merchants the Warders of the Castle verily supposing them by their Attire to be Merchants opened the Gates and let them into the Castle who presently drew their Swords slew the Warders and so by force possessed the Castle to the great benefit of the Turks and the hurt of the poor Christians yet left in the Country of Bithynia For they now having opened a way over the River Sangarius and as it were broken down the strongest defence of that side of the Greek Empire at their pleasure forraged the Country in such sort as that the great City of Nice for want of Victuals to relieve so great a multitude as for fear of the Turks was fled out of the Country into it was brought to great extremity and want For the relief whereof and for the repulsing again of the Turks Andronicus the young Emperor who then commanded with such an Army as he was then able to raise passed himself in person over the Strait of Constantinople into Asia the greatest Strength of his Army consisting in two thousand choice Horsemen the rest as well Horse as Foot being for the most part Artificers taken up in the City men altogether unacquainted with Arms who in token of their cowardise and that they were more mindful of Flight than of Fight carried over with them almost as many long Boats and such other small Vessels as they were men to be ready to receive them at such time as they should flie or else abject Rascals taken up here and there men of whom no great thing was to be expected and of all others most unfit for so great a Prince as was the Emperor to commit the defence of his Person and Honour unto But Orchanes hearing of his coming sent certain of his most expert Captains to forelay the strait passages of the Country whereby the Emperor was to pass following also himself after with his Army of purpose to encounter the Emperor Who in three days march after his landing in Asia being come to Philochrene a little Town in Bithynia and understanding that Orchanes having before taken the Straits lay not far off encamped with his Army he there at Philochrene pitched his Tents and staied that night also But the next morning the Sun as yet scarcely risen he seeing divers Companies of the Turks coming downg from the Mountains fast by put his Army into order of Battle and so set forward to meet them where to begin the Fight the Turks Archers freely bestowed their piercing shot amongst the Christians still keeping themselves aloof off so to do the more harm Which the Emperor mistaking and supposing that their keeping off to have proceeded of fear encouraged therewith commanded certain loose Companies disorderly to march forward and to skirmish with them which his more expert Captains not liking would have otherwise perswaded him as to have kept his Strength together against the danger of the Battel Nevertheless such was his youthful heat as that he could by no means be otherwise intreated but that forward needs they must But all the forenoon spent in this light and tumultuary kind of skirmishing and the Sun at the highest now shining very hot Orchanes from the top of the Mountains perceiving the Christians well wearied with the heat of the day and long skirmishing came down from the Hills with a world of men following him who with a most hideous cry charged the Christians on every side some a far off with their Arrows and some hand to hand with their Swords and other Weapons whose assault the Christians at the first most valiantly received and a great while right worthily defended themselves

proceed in his honourable Enterprise assuring him of the good Success thereof and with all the reasons he could devise impugned that which Caly-Bassa had said And of the same opinion with Zoganus was also the third Bassa rather of purpose to cross Caly-Bassa and withall to sit the Kings humor than for any great hope he had in the good Success of that he so much desired Howbeit the Speech he and Zoganus delivered so well agreed with the Kings affection that he resolved to continue the Siege and thereupon gave full Authority to Zoganus to appoint a day for a great and general Assault to he given resolving at once to engage all his Forces upon the winning of the City Which charge Zoganus gladly took upon him and with his good liking appointed the 29 th day of May for the general Assault being then the Tuesday next following In the mean time he sent one Ismael the Son of Alexander Prince of Sinope Embassador unto the Emperor to offer him Peace but upon such hard Conditions as were no less to be refused than death it self Which thing he did partly to satisfie the minds of his Turks who are for most part of opinion That God will not prosper them in their Assaults except they first make unto their Enemies some offer of Peace how unreasonable soever it forceth not and partly to make proof what confidence the Enemy yet had in himself for the holding out of the Siege But that dishonourable Peace so offered together with the intollerable Conditions was by the Emperor honourably refused who no less feared the Turks Faith if he should have accepted thereof than he did the hardness of the Conditions Three days before this fatal Assault was to be given the Turks according to their manner kept their Solemn Fast eating nothing all the day until night and then making the greatest chear and joy they could devise and in the winding up of the same took their leave one of another with such kissing and imbracing as if they should never have met again At the same time Mahomet to encourage his Souldiers caused Proclamation to be made through his Camp That he would freely give all the spoil of the City for three days unto his Souldiers if they could win it and for confirmation thereof solemnly swore the Turks great Oath By the Immortal God and by the four hundred Prophets by Mahomet by his Fathers Soul by his own Children and by the Sword wherewith he was girt faithfully to perform whatsoever he had to them in his Proclamation promised Whilst these things were in doing Caly-Bassa disdaining that his counsel was rejected and the Opinion of his Adversaries followed by secret Letters advertised the Emperor of the day appointed for the general Assault together with all the preparation made against him peswading him not to be afraid of them who were themselves no less afraid of him but carefully to provide to have all things in readiness for the defence of his City and valiantly to withstand the rash and last Attempt of his Enemies This woful Emperor had already done what he could to the uttermost of his Power for defence of the City all the time of the Siege but such was the disloyalty of the Citizens his Subjects that many times they could hardly be drawn from their private Trades and Occupations unto the Walls to withstand the Enemy foolishly affirming That it was to no purpose for them to sight against the Turks at the Breaches and to starve for Food at home in their houses For which cause the Emperor commanded a View to be taken of all the Corn in the City which then began to grow very scarce but upon diligent search made such store was found in many Mens hands which was by them either altogether kept in to sell afterwards at unreasonable prizes or else so sparingly uttered as if they had none to spare as that it appeared the death and scarcity which then began to increase to proceed rather of the covetousness of men than of any true want of Grain this store the Emperor caused to be proportionably divided unto every Family at reasonable prizes according to their spending and so eased the great murmuring and grudging of the common people for Bread. The Grecian mercinary Souldiers also regarding more their own private Profit than the Publick Service refused any longer to go to the Walls than they were sure of their daily pay which the poor Emperor otherwise unable to give them was glad to convert the Church-Plate and Jewels into Money to content them For he had many times before with tears in vain requested to have borrowed money of his covetous Subjects to have been employed in the defence of the City but they would still swear that they had it not as men grown poor for want of Trade which in few days after their Enemies found in such abundance that they wondred at their Wealth and derided their folly that possessing so much they would bestow so little in defence of themselves and their Country But this had been their usual manner of dealing with their Emperors in that declining State of the Empire as well appeared in the time of the Emperor Baldwin who for lack of money was glad first to sell away many of the goodly Ornaments of the City and afterwards to Pawn his own Son unto the Venerian Merchants for Money to maintain his State as in the former part of this History is declared But to return again to the course of our History The Emperor certainly advertised of the Enemies purpose for the general Assault shortly to be given first commended the defence of himself and the City to the Protection of the Almighty by general fasting and prayer and afterwards appointed every Captain and Commander to some certain place of the Wall for defence thereof which was done by the direction of Io. Iustinianus his General in whose valour the Constantinopolitans had reposed their greatest hope But the City being on every side now beset with the Turks great Army and the Defendants in number but few for so great a City in compass eight miles the Walls could but slenderly in many places be manned and especially on both sides toward the Sea where indeed least danger was The greatest strength and best Souldiers were placed for defence of the utter Wall where the Breach was and the Assault expected by Land. Iustinianus the General himself with three hundred Genoways well armed and certain chosen Greeks undertook the defence of that part of the battered Wall near unto the Roman Gate where the fall the Tower Bactatina had filled the Ditch as is aforesaid against which place Mahomet himself lay encamped with his Janizaries and best Men of War. Near unto Iustinianus lay the Emperor himself for defence of another part of the Wall and so other Captains orderly with their Companies all alongst the utter Wall and because the Defendants should have no hope to save their

they did not only make a notable breach in the Wall but ruined also the batteries upon the two first Rondels so that there was no more shooting thence The Bavarians carried their lines to the very Castle and made a new battery on the right towards the Danube upon which they placed nine Mortars with success They shot also three days together from another battery of seven Demy-Cannon upon the Rondel whilst they play'd from another with four Guns upon the Flanks They moreover worked at another of eight Cannon to batter the left of the Rondel In the Lorrain attack there were seven slain and several hurt Amongst the rest of the Deserters there was an Ensign of the Janizaries who quitted the Town for having as he said killed a Turkish Officer He affirmed that there was but fifteen hundred real Janizaries in the place but that counting the Spahi's Albamans and other Troops they amounted to seven thousand Combatants He added that the Bombs and Carkasses had already ruined many buildings and occasioned a great loss of Men and Cattel He further said that the besieged were busie in making Mines behind the breach on the Lorrain side and that no body had hitherto entered into the place General Dunewald had desisted from his design upon Pallotta because the place was provided with a good Garison The Turks there killed some of those who were sent to discover Those of Alb-Royal attacked and disordered also some Foragers of Horse quartered in their Neighbourhood and amongst others killed Count Papenheim a Captain of Horse in the Troops of Bavaria Iuly 4 th The Approaches of the Lorrain attack were run within one hundred paces of the breach in the Rondel to the right The besieged began to run a Line out of the said breach which they lengthned till within fifty paces of the Christians to render their approach more difficult and however they fired continually with their small shot and threw a multitude of stones yet they killed and wounded but thirteen men The besiegers had now fourteen Mortars mounted out of which they perpetually tossed Bombs and Carkasses There was nothing done at the Bavarian attack but securing the works and heightning the batteries A Pole who had served amongst the Turks came over this morning and reported that the besieged were resolved to surrender if they were not relieved in a Months time Another Run-away came this Afternoon and declared that five Turkish Cavaliers were by the means of a little Bark landed on Pest side who were by several ways to endeavour to arrive where the Seraskier was and press the Succours which had been promised them The Duke of Lorrain dispatched some Horse towards Voitfar to consume the Forage there and watch the Enemies motion A party of Tartars fell upon the Foragers on the other side the Danube and took some Horses and two Grooms belonging to the Prince of Baden out of the Island of St. Margaret the following Night sixty Granadiers with some Workmen were sent to ruine the Line which the besieged had begun before the breach of the Rondel which luck'd so well that they filled the Ditch with the loss of two Soldiers only The breaches were every day enlarged as well on the Lorrain as the Bavier attack and what the Turks repaired in the night was thrown down by day All the Troops of Brandenburg are at present arrived in their Quarters The Turks made a sally upon them in the Night who though they were well received and pursued even to the Town Gate yet they killed many brave men of the besieged and amongst the rest Field-Marshal General Dorfeling's Son two Lieutenants and twenty-seven Souldiers with the like number wounded Iul. 6. A line of communication was made from the Lorrain attack to that of Brandenburg which is but fifty paces from the Rondel of the middle Gate and about sixty from the breach on the right This morning they shot the Cannon with that fury that they quite threw down the two Rondels and the Curtain and at night throwing Bombs and Carkasses without ceasing they caused a fire to burn on the right of the Rondel that could not be quenched in less than three hours time The Brandenburgers advanced their works briskly their Generals of Battalia's keeping alternatively in the Trenches They had eight slain and six wounded besides a Captain of Granadeers Lieutenant Collonel Fonk was also hurt in the Legg and six more of the Lorrain attack besides two killed Iul. 7. The Night preceding very many Bombs were thrown with success being they fired the Town in two places but upon the arrival of the Engeneer Gonzales it was presumed the Town would be thundred with greater violence he is expected in two or three days in the Camp where the Cannon Mortars Bombs Carkasses and other artificial fire-works of his invention are already arrived The besieged made this morning a salley upon the Brandenburgers with Horse and Foot but to their prejudice being beaten back with disorder Yesterday the Miners began to work in the Lorrain attack to widen the breaches and this Night the same will be done in that of Bavaria where they have finished two new Batteries one of ten and the other of seven Cannons besides a third on the Water side to better the attack'd Rondel and a Post by which the besieged used to creep out into a covered way which they had made before the Rondel Yesterday the Bavarians had carried their approaches to the very foot of the Castle so that they could come no nearer before the breach was enlarged The works in the Lorrain attack were so near the Wall that they could advance no further but by lodging in the breach There were about fifty killed and hurt in the three attacks The besieged shot a Bomb which falling upon one of the out-Batteries into a Barrel of Powder killed nine Cannoneers that attended there The 8 th Two new Batteries each of three Demy-Cannon were raised in the Lorrain attack nearer the Walls and on the left where they were equally advanced with the right the approaches were advanced to the Wall of the Rondel and as these Works were so near there were twenty-five hurt and wounded most with Stones and Granadoes amongst whom Major General Thungen was one Major Bischosshausen had his Arm broke with a Musquet and some other Officers wounded The Miners which were attack'd to the right of the Rondel had not yet encountered the Enemies Mines At night they will plant others to the left of the middle Rondel Some Peasants having found means to escape out of Town came to the Camp affirming that there were still above three hundred men which worked continually at the Mines and Retrenchments which the besieged made behind their Walls for their retreat in case of necessity Iuly the ninth the whole Night was spent in shooting of Bombs and Carcasses into the City to keep the besieged in Action and take away their desire of repose but these perceiving at break

Summons given promising to yield the City after they had once won the City of Ierusalem From thence they came to Cesarea in Palestine where they solemnly kept the Feast of Whitsontide and so to Rama which they found for fear forsaken of the Infidels Marching from Rama and drawing near to Ierusalem they in the Vantgard of the Army upon the first descrying of the Holy City gave for joy divers great Shouts and Outcries which with the like applause of the whole Army was so doubled and redoubled as if therewith they would have rent the very Mountains and pierced the highest Heavens There might a man have seen the devout passions of these most worthy and zealous Christians uttered in right divers manners some with the●r Eyes and Hands cast up towards Heaven called aloud upon the name and help of Christ Jesus some prostrate upon their faces kissed the ground as that whereon the Redeemer of the World sometime walked others joyfully saluted those holy places which they had heard so much of and then first beheld in brief every man in some sort expressed the joy he had conceived of the sight of the Holy City as the end of their long travel This most ancient and famous City so much renowned in holy Writ is situate in an hilly Country not watred with any River or fresh Springs as other famous Cities for most part be neither yet was it well seated for Wood or Pasture ground but what wanted in these and such other benefits of Nature was by the extraordinary blessings of the most High so supplied as that the Jews there dwelling so long as they kept the Ordinances of the Lord were of all other people in the World justly accounted the most happy and fortunate Yet in those so blessed times was this City for the sin of the people oftentimes delivered into the Enemies hand and the glory thereof defaced as well appeareth by the whole course of the History of holy Scripture as also by the ancient and approved Histories as well of the Jews themselves as others Nevertheless it still rose again though not in like glory as before in the time of King David Solomon and the other next succeeding Kings and so was still repeopled by the Jews until that at last according to the foretelling of our Saviour Christ it was with a great and of all others most lamentable destruction utterly rased and destroyed by the Romans under the leading of Vespasian the Emperor and his noble Son Titus forty years after our Saviour his precious Death and Passion Since which time it was never until this day again repaired or yet well inhabited by the Jews but lying buried in the ruines of it self all the Reign of Domitian Nerva and Trajan until the time of the great Emperor Aelius Adrianus it was again by him re-edified about the year 136 and after the name of him called Aelia who together with the name changed also in some part the ancient situation of the City For whereas before it was seated upon the steep rising of an hill in such sort that towards the East and the South it overlooked the whole ground having only the Temple and the Castle called Antonia in the highest part of the City Adrian translated the whole City unto the very top of the hill so that the place where our blessed Saviour suffered his most bitter Passion with the Sepulchre wherein he was also laid and from whence he in Glory rose again before without the City were then inclosed within the Walls thereof as they are at this day to be seen Yet for all that the Emperor being dead in process of time this new built City recovered again the ancient name of Ierusalem whereby it hath ever since and is at this day yet known This City so re-edified the Emperor first gave unto the Jews whom he afterwards thrust out again for their Rebellion and gave it to the Christians to inhabit over whom one Mark first Bishop of the Gentiles there had the charge But forasmuch as the Roman Emperors were at that time altogether Idolaters and Persecutors of the poor Christians the Church also at Ierusalem with others endured sundry and many grievous Persecutions under the Emperors Antonius Commodus Severus Maximinus Valerianus Aurelianus Dioclesianus and Maxentius until that at length Constantine the Great converted unto the Faith of Christ about the year of Grace 320 suppressing the Pagan Idolatry gave general Peace to the afflicted Church whereby the Christian Church at Ierusalem for the space of three hundred years after happily flourished under the Greek Emperors until the time of the Emperor Phocas who having most cruelly slain the good Emperor Maurice with his Children and so possessed himself of the Empire gave occasion thereby unto Chosroe the Persian King in revenge of the death of Maurice his Father in law with all his Power to invade Syria who as a tempest bearing down all before him took also by force the City of Ierusalem having that year which was about the year Six hundred and ten slain almost an hundred thousand Christians But Phocas the Usurper being by them of his Guard most cruelly slain and Heraclius succeeding in his stead Chosroe was by him again driven out of Syria and the Holy City again recovered about the year 624. In these great Wars against the Persians Heraclius had used the help of the Arabians called Scenite a warlike people of Arabia Deserta altogether given to the Spoil who the Wars now ended expecting to have received their pay were contrary to their expectation and without all reason rejected by them that should have paid them with very foul and contumelious words as that there was not mony enough to pay the Christian Souldiers of the Latines and the Greeks much less those vile dogs whom they so called for that they had but a little before received the damnable Doctrin of the false Prophet Mahomet the great Seducer of the World who even in that time flourished Upon which discontentment they at their return revolted from the Empire and joyned themselves unto their great Prophet and so afterwards unto the Caliphs his Successors extending his Doctrin together with his Soveraignty to the utmost of their power and that with so good success that in short time they had overrun all Aegyp● Syria the Land of Promise and taken the Holy City With these the Disciples of Mahomet and his Successors the Sarasins for so now they would be called the Greek Emperors ensuing had for certain years divers conflicts with diverse fortune for the possession of Syria But at length wearied out and by them overcome they left the aforesaid Countries wholly to their Devotion Hereby it came to pass that the Sarasins for the space of 370 years following held these Countries with many others in great subjection oppressing still the poor Christians in Ierusalem with most grievous Tributes and exactions unto whom they yet left a third part of the City

Mamalukes offering him therein the uttermost of his devoir and service But Cayerbeius either not trusting Gazelles his old Enemy or ashamed by new Treason to augment his former dishonor or else which was most like misdoubting his own strength in performance of so great an enterprise after he had attentively heard what the Embassadors had to say caused them presently in his own sight to be put to death as Traitors and with all speed certified Solyman thereof who without delay sent Ferhates Bassa with a strong Army into Syria Which thing Gazelles hearing and having in his power most of the Cities of Syria retired himself with all his Army into the strong City of Damasco whither at length Ferhates the great Bassa by long march came also Gazelles resolved to try the fortune of the Field and so either by speedy Victory or honourable Death to end the matter rather than to suffer himself to be shut up within the Walls of the City upon the coming within of the Bassa valiantly issued forth with all his power and gave him Battel which for the space of six hours was most cruelly fought and many slain on both sides At length Gazelles being oppressed with the multitude of his Enemies being eight times more in number and hardly assailed on either side was enforced to sight in a Ring and there performing all the parts of a worthy General and valiant Souldier honourably died together with his Mamalukes in the midst of his Enemies leaving unto them a bloody Victory Gazelles thus slain the City of Damasco with all the Country of Syria without any more ado yielded again unto the Turks obedience which the Bassa took in so good part that he would not suffer his Souldiers to enter into the City then richly stored with Commodities of all sorts brought thither by Merchants out of divers parts of the World. Syria thus pacified the Bassa went to Caire in Egypt and there commending Cayerbeius for his fidelity confirmed him in his Government and inveying against the cruelty of Selymus so to please the Egyptians wished them to hope for all happiness under the peaceable Government of the new Sultan Solyman And so when he had set all things in order in both the Provinces of Syria and Egypt returned again to Solyman The year following Solyman by the Counsel of Pyrrbus Bassa his old Tutor a mortal Enemy unto the Christians and by the perswasion of the Janizaries resolved to besiege the strong City of Belgrade otherwise called Taurunum situate upon the borders of Hungary where the Rivers Savus falleth into Danubius Which City his great Grandfather Mahomet surnamed the Great and before him the warlike Amurat had with all their power long time before to their great loss and dishonour vainly attempted Wherein until that time were reserved the Ensigns then taken from the Turks to their no small grief with other trophies of the glorious Victories of the worthy Captain Huniades and the great King Matthias Corvinus his Son. Wherefore Solyman sending his Army before was come as far as Sophia a City in Servia the place where the Turks great Lieutenant in Europe is always resiant before that the Hungarians were aware of his coming for they living at ease all the time that Uladislaus Reigned and now sleeping in security under the young King Lodovicus his Son a Man of no experience who contenting himself with the Title of a King suffered himself to be pilled and polled by his Nobility and great Clergy-Men inverting all the wealth of the Land to their own private gain that he was not able to raise any sufficient power to go against his puissant Enemy especially his Nobility in whose hands rested the wealth of his Kingdom promising him much but performing indeed nothing Huniades with his hardy Souldiers the scourge and terror of the Turks were dead long before so was also Matthias that fortunate Warrior after whom succeeded others given to all pleasure and ease to whose example the People fashioning themselves forgot their wonted Valour and gave themselves over to sensuality and voluptuous Pleasure so that Solyman without let presented his Army before the City of Belgrade and with battery and undermining in short time became Lord thereof having lost few of his People in that Siege How much the loss of that strong City concerned the Christian Common-wealth the manifold and lamentable miseries which afterwards insued by the opening of that Gap not unto the Kingdom of Hungary only but to all that side of Christendom did and yet doth most manifestly declare It was won by the Turks the nine and twentieth day of August in the year 1521. After the taking of the strong City of Belgrade Solyman returning to Constantinople brake up his Army and there lay still almost all the year following During which time year 1521. he caused great preparation to be made at Calipolis and other his Ports for rigging up of a great Fleet which caused the Italians Venetians and them of the Rhodes to look about them as Men careful of their Estates fearing that those Forces would ere long be imployed against some or all of them About the same time Philippus Villerius a Man of great wisdom and courage then following the French Court was in his absence by the Knights of the Rhodes chosen great Master of that honourable Company who embarking himself at Marcelles after a long and dangerous journey being not without the knowledge of Solyman hardly laied for at Sea by Cortug-Ogli a famous Pyrat of the Turks whose two Brethren the Knights of the Rhodes had but a little before surprised at Sea and slain and then held the third in Prison arrived in safety at the Rhodes where he was with great joy and triumph received The great Bassa by whose grave advice Solyman was contented in all his weighty Affairs to be directed consulting with the other Bassaes of divers great exploits which was first to be taken in hand for the honour of their Emperor and inlarging of his Empire were of divers opinions concerning the besieging of the Rhodes Pyrrhus the Bassa of greatest account disswaded the taking in hand of that Action as too full of difficulty and danger producing for proof thereof the example of the great Emperor Mahomet Solymans great Grandfather by whom it was unfortunately attempted and in fine shamefully abandoned But Mustapha next in place and reputation to Pyrrhus extolling the power and fortune of Solyman said That the greatness of their Emperor was not to be concluded within the attempts of his predecessors as well appeared by the late taking of Belgrade from whence first Amurath and after him Mahomet two of the most warlike Princes of the Turks had with great dishonour been repulsed and should no doubt with like good fortune prevail against the Rhodes also being able if need were to bring more Men before it than were stones in the Walls thereof Which he so confidently affirmed with extenuating the power