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A57329 An abridgement of Sir Walter Raleigh's History of the world in five books ... : wherein the particular chapters and paragraphs are succinctly abrig'd according to his own method in the larger volume : to which is added his Premonition to princes. Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.; Echard, Laurence, 1670?-1730.; Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618. A premonition to princes. 1698 (1698) Wing R151A; ESTC R32268 273,979 474

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deliberate grave and resolute for which all other S●ates of Greece followed them the Athenians were eager sudden in concluding and hasty in execution obeyed by force and by means of their Ships forced the Islanders to hard Tribute The Lacedemonians being In-Landers perceiving the Athenians to grow great became jealous of them § 2. Athens to enlarge her Command used to protect the weaker States against the stronger though having been their Colonies as Corcyra was to Corinth This Wrong Corinth complained of to Sparta as others did and when Sparta could not prevail by intreaty they resolve on Force which Athens prepares for The Lacedemonians exceed in numbers and qualities the Athenians in many Ships and absolute Subjects § 3. Athens the t●o-first years had all the Country about wasted and the Towns visited with a grievous Pestilence by the throng of People and Cattle fled thither The Lacedemonians win Plataea but cannot rescue Mytilene from the Athenians for want of Ships their Confederates also grew weary so that the Lacedemonians seeing how little hurt they can do to Athens which was easily relieved by Sea fall to build Ships but to no purpose wanting good Seamen § 4. Sparta hearing that a Fleet of Athenians by contrary Winds stayed at Pilus a Promontory began to fortifie themselves there and hasted from Attica to put off such ill Neighbours from planting so near Peloponesus but finding the Garrison not so easily to be forced they possessed the Haven put four hundred Men into the Island and send part of the Fleet for Materials to ruine the Garrison The Athenian Fleet hearing of the Garrisons distresses returned and overthrew the Spartan Fleet c. The four hundred Men in the Island the Magistrates of Sparta seek to recover by sending to Athens to treat of Peace but in vain for Athens weighed Honour by Profit and held the advantage gotten and in the end by force took the Spartans in the Island Prisoners and sent them to Athens § 5. The Lacedemonians in this Condition labour for Peace which the insolent Athenians neglected 'till the overthrow their Forces by the Lacedemonians imployed in Thrace had received which made the Athenians more earnest to effect a Peace especially considering that beside the Athenian Power the Argives their ancient and not to be neglected Enemies were like to joyn with the Athenians the Thirty years Peace being expired The Peace at last is concluded but Conditions impossible for Lacedemon could not restore all the Cities which the Athenians had lost by their means as the Cities taken into their Protection refused to return subject to their old Lords the Athenians But before any quarrel grew the Spartans enter into a straighter Alliance with Athens by a League Offensive and Defensive to disappoint the Argives This League put all Greece in jealousie that these two would prove Lords of all § 6. The States of Greece which had excessively admired the Valour of Sparta seeing it now to seek Peace upon Terms not so Honourable grew to contemn it as the Corinthians Thebans c. who cast their Eyes upon the great Rich City of Argos and conceived great matters of it This is the common base Condition of the most who curiously searching into other Mens Vices cannot discern their Virtues and comparing our best parts with their first are justly plagued with false opinion of that good in others which we know wanting in our selves the Corinthians beginning complain that the Lacedemonians had left some of their Towns in the Athenians hands the Mantinians follow who feared revenge for that they had drawn some Arcadians from the Spartans to follow them These begin to enter League with the Argives and other Cities of Peloponesus follow The Lacedemonians knowing the scope of this new Confederacy send to Corinth to stop the Matter where it began chargeing them with their Oath of old Alliance which the Corinthians answer saying the Lacedemonians had first broken in concluding with Athens without care of restoring the Towns taken from Corinth c. The Corinthians thereupon enter League with Argos and draw others only the Thebans were not so forward because Argos was a popular State The Corinthians also for further security sought Peace with Athens and obtained a Truce but no League But in conclusion as Athens had by force gotten an absolute command and could perform what she promised so Lacedemon which had so many followers but voluntary could not do so as where they should restore Panacty held by the Thebans for recovery of Pylus they could not and so gave discontent to Athens There were also in Athens Alcibiades a young brave Noble-man and others as also some in Sparta desirous of War who promoted the breach of Peace what they could Alcibiades therefore sent to Argos which thought not now of superiority as lately she did but of Security advising them to secure-themselves by League with Athens The Lacedemonians seeing that Argos took that course sent to Athens to stay the proceeding knowing the Combination was not for their Wealth but by a trick of Alcibiades lost their labour § 7. The Argives presuming of their Allies molest the Epidaurians which the Spartans were bound to defend upon which occasion the Athenians and Spartans collaterally infest each other and the Corinthians Baeotians Phocians Locrians follow the Lacedemonians who in one Victory recovered much Reputation so that the Nobles of Argos getting the uper-hand of the Citizens made League with them renouncing Athens but the People recovering chased away their Nobles and reversed all § 8. Athens in the intermission of open War at home renew their hopes of subduing Sicily and sent such a Fleet as Greece never set out of which Alcibiades was one General Siracuse is besieged but relieved by the Lacedemonians and the Fleet block'd up in the Haven neither could Athens relieve it through home Factions whence Alcibiades was driven to banish himself and by this reason Sparta in the absence of their Forces Invaded Attica the Persians lending Money The Lacedemonians also by Alcibiades's Advice who fled to them fortifyed Decelia near Athens and all the Country about Yet the Athenians in their Obstinacy sent another Fleet which was quite vanquished in the Haven and the Army by Land utterly over-thrown This befell the Athenians deservedly by Nicias's Resolution who chose to venture little less than all the Power of Athens rather than to incur the Athenians Censure upon Return to be condemned unjustly as other Generals had been this Resolution cannot be commended seeing an honest valiant Man should do what Reason directs and measure Honour and Dishonour by a well-informed Conscience rather than the malicious Report and Censure of others yet it is excusable considering the Peoples Injustice and knowing an ill Fact is nothing so pernicious as an unjust Sentence which begun upon one becomes a President But his fear to fly as he thought to do was ridiculous because of an Eclipse that day which made him defer it 'till
as high as the Moon or beyond the Ocean which he waded through to come to Iudea or that it is a separated ground hanging in the Air under the Moon from whence the four Rivers fall with violence and force through the Sea and rise again in our habitable World as Commestor dreamed and others That therefore the Truth might receive no prejudice God's Wisdom hath so carefully described the place for our easie finding as the choisest part of the Earth And if it be a generous mind to desire to know the Original of our Ancestors this search cannot be discommended § 5. Paradise is not so defaced by the Flood that it cannot be found as Augustinus Chrysamensis judged for though the Beauty of it be lost and Time has made it as a common Field in Eden yet eight hundred and seventy years after would not so particulary have described it nor the Prophets have mention'd Eden so often if the same could not be found or if the Rivers which in his time bear the Names were not the same of which Euphrates and Tigris were never doubted as the Country of Eden is yet well known As for the alteration made by the Flood changing the current of Rivers and raising of Mountains as some judge it is improbable for the Waters covered the Earth spherically and did not fall violently from higher places or come in with Storms ebbing and flowing which makes such choakings up of the mouths of Rivers The Waters then were raised by universal erruptions and by down right falls of Rain which use to scatter the strongest Winds Seth's Pillar erected 1426 year before as Antiquitiy reports and standing in Iosephus's days and the City under Libanus whose Ruins remained to Annius's days and by Berosus forged Fragments call'd Enochia built by Cain and the City Ioppa remaining after the Flood argue the Flood had no such effect to work such alteration when even Bay-Trees outstood it Antiquity also speaks of Baris and Sion on which the Fable is that Giants were saved which argueth their Judgment touching the Antiquity of Mountains See Psal. 90.1 2. § 6. Paradise was not the whole Earth as Manichus Vadianus Noviomagus and Goropius Becanus judged seeing the Text saith it was Eastward in Eden and the Angel was plac'd on the east side of Paradise and Adam was cast out of it not out of all the Earth Yet the Error of Ephrem Athanasius and Cyrill was greater that Paradise was beyond the Ocean through which Adam walked when he was cast out to return to the Earth of his Creation and was buried on Calvery § 7. Paradise by Bar-Cephas Beda Strabus and Rabanus was placed on a Mountain almost as high as the Moon neither did Rupertus differ much It seemeth they took it out of Plato and Socrates who mis-understood it no doubt took this Place for Heaven the Habitation of Blessed Souls after Death though for fear of the Areopagites they durst not set down in plain terms what they believed of that Matter And though in the end Socrates was put to death for acknowledging one only sufficient God yet the Devil himself did him that right to pronounce him the wisest Man As for the place in question Tertullian and Eusebius conceive that by it he meant the Celestial Paradise Solinus indeed reports of a place called Acrothonos upon Mount Atho pleasant and healthful whose Inhabitants are called Macrobioi long lived Upon the aforesaid Lunary Hill they say Enoch was preserved which Isidore and Lumbard approve and Tertullian Ireneus Iustin Martyr believed the Souls of blessed Men lived there which Fancies Hopkins and Pererius have Confuted As for the Bodies of Enoch and Elias they may be changed as others shall be at the last Day The School-men in this and their other Questions were exceeding subtle but yet taught their Followers to shift better than to resolve by their Distinctions The Fables of Olympus Atlas and Atho higher than any Clouds Pliny himself disproveth § 8. Tertullian Bonaventure and Durand place Paradise under the Equinoctial to which Aquinas opposeth the Distemper of Heat there But this is Non causa for causa the true Cause is Eden and the Rivers are not there else the Clime hath as pleasant fertile places as any other neither was any Region Created but for Habitation and those hot Countries are tempered by East Winds and long cool Nights as I well know only where Mountains hinder the Wind and in sandy Grounds void of Trees the Country is not so well Inhabited as the other parts which are so Fertile that the Inhabitants Idleness maketh them Vitious and the Countries to be Terrae Vitiosae § 9. Paradise not being in the former places we are certain it was in Eden not hard to have been found out had not Names been changed since Moses's days and that other Nations have sought to extinguish both the Name and Monuments of the Iews For our help we have Euphrates and Tigris agreed upon and that it was Eastward from Canaan which latter might agree with Arab●a Stony and Desart but the former cannot neither has it the property of being exceeding Fertile As for bordering Countries though Moses name none yet Esaiah and Ezekiel do and though that Amos name Eden which is Coelosyria and Beroaldus findeth a City there called Paradise yet can it not be the Eden we seek seeing Coelosyria and Cyprian Damascena is full North from Canaan and wants our known Rivers Come then to the Edomits in Thelassar and the rest named by Esaiah Thelassar was a strong City in an Island upon the Border of Chaldea on the River Euphrates towards the North which after Senacharib's death Merodach Balladan injoyning Babilonia fortified against Esar Haddon which City Marcellinus calls Thelatha Pliny Teridata which Iulian durst not assault The other places in Esaiah are either in Mesopotamia as Charan and Reseph or in Media as Gosan so Ezekiel setting out the Countries which traded with Tyrus joineth Charan with Eden as also Calne which Ierom calls Seleuiza standing upon Euphrates towards Tigris called also Canneh and the Inhabitants Schenits by Pliny who Inhabited from Seleucia on both sides Euphrates Westward to Coelosyria as far as Tapsachus where the River is Fordable Charan therefore cannot be Channeh the one standing on Euphrates the other on Chaboras which falleth into Euphrates far off in Mesopotamia Or Aran between the Floods Besides Channeh or Chalne is by Moses named in Shinar one of Nimrod's Cities Lastly Sheba and Rhaama upon the Persian Gulf traded with Tyrus by Tigris and so to Seleucia and so to Syria by Euphrates 'till they came to Aleppo or Hierapolis from whence they went by Land to Tyre and after decay to Tripoly and now to Alexandretta in the Bay of Issicus or Lajazzo Chalmad is also joined with Eden by Ezekiel a Region of higher Media N.E. of Eden called Coronitana by Geographers Thus Eden is bounded on the E. and N. E. by Elanah and Chalmad On the W.