the fourth which are in all 4 Parts 20 Regions or Provinces and 87 Cities Pliny accounts 120 Strategies in Armenia which are the Governments or particular Jurisdictions of every Province six for each and one as much as the other Armenia is not only known in prophane History but likewise in Holy Writ After the Deluge the Holy Scripture makes mention that the Ark of Noah rested upon the Mountains of Armenia to say precisely at present which they were there being so many in Armenia Authors cannot agree We only conjecture that they must be either Abus which ends the Anti-Taurus or the Pariardes or the Gordons which are the highest in all Armenia and from whence the Euphrates the Tigris the Phazza or Phasis and Araxes descend Now Euphrates is called Frat or Forat the Tigris Diglath or Digelath these two names Frat and Diglath are found among the four Rivers which Moses saith came forth from the Terrestrial Paradise We must therefore seek this Paradise not far from hence the difficulty is to find the other two Rivers Phison and Gihou The Terrestrial Paradise in Armenia Almost all Authors conclude the Nile for Gehon and the Ganges for Phison but as the Bible describes these Rivers no us they must descend from the same place which the Tigris the Euphrates the Nile and the Ganges cannot do The Tigris and the Euphrates have some Springs which are not far distant the one from the other but those of Ganges are more than 200 Leagues and those of the Nile more than 1500 Leagues from those of the Tigris or Euphrates and moreover those of Nile and of Ganges are more than 2000 Leagues one from the other Phasis hath its heads in the same Mountain with the Euphrates and may therefore better answer to Phison then can the Ganges The Araxes hath its Springs in the same Mountains with the Phasis and Euphrates and so may better answer to the Gehon than the Nile for as for the Gehon or Jehun which we now know it answers to the Oxus of the Ancients which runs between Bactriana and Sogdiana and discharges itself into the Caspian Sea but it hath its Springs in Mount Caucasus in India a little on this side the Springs of the Indus which are likewise 8 or 900 Leagues from those of Tigris and Euphrates Since then the Tigris Euphrates Phazza and Araxes have here their Springs we may judge that the Terrestrial Paradise was in these Mountains The Holy Scripture saith that it had in the midst of it a Fountain from whence issued a River alone which divides itself into four others which it names Phison Gehon Diglath and Fratt It is to be believed that this Fountain was in the midst of the World to the end the Rivers might have a course almost equal to water all parts of the World It must likewise be concluded that this Fountain must be in some high part of the World to the end that Rivers might have an equal fall The Mountains of Armenia are directly in the middle of our Continent which may easily be proved by casting the eye upon the whole Continent they are likewise the highest in the World since they were first discovered after the Deluge and those on which the Ark of Noah rested and the modern names of the Rivers not being very different from the ancients at least the three or four I am bold to say that if there yet remains any marks by which we may discover the place where the Terrestrial Paradise hath been it is rather in these quarters than any other GEORGIA Georgia and its parts A Bove Turcomania and between the Black Sea and the Caspian as far as Mount Caucasus lies GEORGIA which is divided into three or four parts Mingrelia Avogasia Gurgiston and Quiria Avogasia is sometimes comprehended under the name of Mingrelia and on the other side a part of the ancient Armenia passeth likewise under the general name of Georgia Mingrelia and Avogasia together are the same with Colchis of the Ancients or little more Gurgiston to the ancient Iberia and sometimes likewise to that part of Armenia which falls under the general name of Georgia Quiria answers to the ancient Albania The Georgians are docil peaceable lovers of Christianity much addicted to drinking and the stronger the Drink the better acceptable At Feasts the Women never eat with the Men. They are great lovers of Onions and Herbs are much addicted to Trade are great Travellers are very expert at the Bow and Arrow and are esteemed the best Souldiers in all Asia It s chief places The Cities of Phans or Phazza and Savatopoli are the most famous of Mingrelia and formerly of Colchis Savatopoli once Sebastopolis and before that Dioscurias had the confluence of 300 different Nations and different Tongues which came hither from the North in way of Traffick Phazza anciently Phasis on the River of the same name was the abode of Aeetes who kept the Golden Fleece which the Argonauts took away after having vanquished all those difficulties which presented themselves to their hindrance Of the Golden Fleece I believe that this Golden Fleece was no other thing than a Trade of Wool Skins and Furrs which all the Northern People brought to Phasis which Jason and the Greeks among all the People of Europe were the first Discoverers of And because there was great profit and many hazards and dangers in the first Navigations it was feigned that the Fleece was of Gold and that it was guarded by furious Bulls Men well armed and a horrible and affrightful Dragon It may be added That Jason with the Golden Fleece brought Medea with him which after caused so many displeasures in his Family that is that Riches having introduced some Luxury among the Greeks their Women became more proud and troublesom Places in Georgia Cori and Bassachiuch are the best Cities of Gurgistan Tefflis and Derbent the fairest of that part of Armenia which passes under the name of Georgia Bassachiuch may answer to the ancient Artamista Cori to Harmastis or Armactia Tefflis to Artaxata and Derbent to Caspiae Portae Bassachiuch and Cori with some other places of Gurgistan have their Princes of which there are many throughout Georgia Cori is most advanced towards the Sea and Bassachiuch more engaged with the Mountains Tefflis and Derbent are in the hands of the Turks as we have said in Turcomania Country of Quiria its Provinces and the chief Places QVIRIA extends it self from the particular Georgia which lies on the West and South unto Mount Caucasus which bounds it on the North side Some Authors divide it into two others into three Provinces of which the chief Cities are Stranu Zitrach and Chipicha instead of Stranu others put Zambanach and instead of Zitrach Gorgora possibly these names are not different but to divers People though they be the same places However it be Stranu or Zambanach answer to the ancient Albana Metropolis of Albania Zitrach
COSMOGRAPHY AND GEOGRAPHY In Two Parts THE FIRST Containing the General and Absolute Part of COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY BEING A TRANSLATION From that Eminent and much Esteemed GEOGRAPHER VARENIVS Wherein are at large handled All such Arts as are necessary to be understood for the true knowledge thereof To which is added the much wanted Schemes omitted by the Author THE SECOND PART Being a Geographical Description of all the WORLD Taken from the Notes and Works of the Famous Monsieur SANSON Late GEOGRAPHER to the French King To which are added About an Hundred Cosmographical Geographical and Hydrographical TABLES of several Kingdoms and Isles in the World with their Chief Cities Seaports Bays c. drawn from the MAPS of the said SANSON Illustrated with MAPS LONDON Printed by S. Roycroft for Richard Blome MDCLXXXII To the Right Noble CHRISTOPHER DUKE OF ALBEMARLE Earl of Torrington Baron Monk of Potheridge Beauchamp and Teys Knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter Lord Lieutenant of Devonshire and Essex Captain of His MAJESTIES Life Guards and Guards of Horse One of the Gentlemen of His Bed Chamber and One of His Most Honurable Privy-Council MY LORD WHEN I consider You are the Duke of ALBEMARLE the very Title is so Great that it puts a damp on my Quill and disables me from making any sufficient Apology for this presumptuous Dedication But on the other hand when I consider that You are Heir to Your now Glorious Fathers Vertues as well as to his Titles and Dignities and that his Goodness and Humility are entailed on You his only Son I cannot want a Motive to this Ambition My Lord This Volume is a Cosmographical and Geographical Description of the WORLD in which Your Name is great and precious and although in it self is excellent yet being Countenanced by Your Protection will admit of no Equals This being granted by Your Grace's Favour I have no more to beg but that Your Fathers Magnanimity Valour Grandure and Heroick Actions may be so deeply imprinted on You that these Kingdoms may not only love and admire You but that Your Name and Memory may be precious to future Ages which is the Prayer of MY LORD Your Graces most Obedient Servant RICHARD BLOME THE Preface to the Reader AMongst all those Arts or Sciences which Man ought to have a Knowledge of the Description of the Earth and Heavens which is termed COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY for the Vtility and Dignity thence arising ought not to have the least estimate the Soul being naturally inclined to the exploration of COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY as a necessary inherent in it which seems evident in that Men of undoubted Judgments out of a singular desire to propagate this Study and sparing no Cost or Labour have travelled over the greatest part of the Universe Vnto this we add That seeing the Earth was created by God to be the habitation of Man if by brevity of Life and Humane imbecility we cannot so well Travel with the Body yet at least-wise we would visit behold and contemplate it in our Minds for its beauty admirable elegancy and the Honour of the Creator There are many other Forceable Arguments by which it appears all Men are generally inclined to the knowledge thereof As the Commodities of every Nation are peculiar to it self so that according to Divine Providence one Nation cannot well subsist without the help of another to which end they are transported by way of Exchange and Traffick unto other Countries But to shew the use of it in all Arts and Sciences there being none but receive some light and assistance from COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY To this the immortal Stagyrite and Divine Plato flieth as a refuge when a numberless multitude and variety of Natures secrets in Lands disjoyned and the profound Ocean sometimes nonpluseth or staggers their Capacities The Moral PHILOSOPHER is a Non-essence being unskilled herein for how can he search into or inform himself of the Genius Natures Inclinations or Studies of Men and what is most proper for every distinct Nation or People being his adequate subject without this Chart to stear by The PHYSITIAN is necessitated to have a great insight in this Noble Study both for observing the Drugs and Medicaments transported from Foreign Parts c. judging their Natures and Effects from the several Climates c. but especially for the variety of Bodies or Constitutions which are habituated according to the Climate and Soil of the Country Take this away from the MARTIALIST his Stratagems fail and his whole Knowledge is in a feeble condition The MERCHANT and NAVIGATOR are compelled unto an insight herein for the knowing the Scituation and Climate of Countries their Circumferences the Latitude and Longitude of Places the Currents of Rivers what Commodities each Region aboundeth in and what they are deficient of and the Manners Customs and Dispositions of the Inhabitants Without COSMOGRAPHY and GEOGRAPHY all History is a thing of little use the affinity of them both being such that they seem to center both in one And to come more home to the matter the History of the Scythians Indians Aethiopians and Americans are only expressed unto us by Geographers Farther Historiographers make use of Geographical Descriptions for the better and more full illustration of their History And lastly in reference unto POLICY or Management of State no Wars Societies or Leagues can be well made with a Foreign State or Kingdom except there be first a perfect knowledge of the Nature Disposition Manners Customs Strength c. of the Nation or Pâ—â—ple with which such a Combination or League c. is to be made and established Henry King of Castile though much weakned by Sickness yet neglected not to send frequent Embassadors into Asia that he might have a continual information of the Manners and Strength of those Provinces And the same was done by Moses before his setting foot into Palestine Now Nature which exhibiteth and discovereth her elegancy and force in the production of variety of things hath not only diversly distinguished the Faces and Physiognomy but also the Souls and Minds of Men The Modes Genius's Customs and Natures of Nations being vastly different unto this very end she hath variously disposed the causes themselves GEOGRAPHERS have divided the World into Climates and every Climate is distinctly subject to the Dominion of some Planet as the chief cause of this Diversity where observe that the first Climate which extendeth through the Meroë an Isle made so by the River Nilus is subject to Saturn Those under the second Climate is attributed to Jupiter and passeth through Siene a City in Aegypt Those inhabiting under the third is subject to Mars and extendeth through Alexandria Those under the fourth is appropriated to the Sun and stretcheth through Rhodes and the middle of Greece Those under the fifth which passeth through Rome and divideth Italy from Savoy is attributed to Venus Those under the sixth where Mercury is predominate passeth through France And
unto a certain quarter or the Billows are rould unto a certain quarter If therefore the Ship be directed into the same quarter the way made will be greater than the conjecture maketh it but if into a contrary it will be lesser 2. Because the Ship is carried by other Causes into other quarters and so by windings arriveth at another place 3. The winds are variously changed 4. By how much a Ship hath the greater Altitude by so much its Motion seemeth more slow though it be not so Proposition V. To observe the Latitude of a place unto which a Ship is arrived The Seamen observe it by the Sun in the day time and by the Stars in the night as we have shewed in the XXIII Chapter they use Three Instruments See Chap. 23. the Astrolabe the Radius and the Triangle Proposition VI. From whence it is manifest that the Methods used by Seamen to find the places on the Maps unto which they have arrived are fallacious because that they can neither be certain of the Rhombe or quarter of the way or of the quantity of the way made or of the observed Latitude of the place yet the observation of the Latitude of the place unto which they are arrived because that it is not less subject to error especially the Air and Sea being tranquillous may be exempted from this fallacy But from that alone the place it self is not found on the Map or Earth but a second is required viz. either a distance from another place given or a Rhombe by which they Sail from the given place to that or lasty the Longitude of that place from this We have said that the observation of the way made or distance is uncertain as also that of the Rhombs Therefore they return back to find out the Longitude of the place For the Latitude and Longitude of the place being known the place it self is found on the Maps and determined on the Globe of the Earth Whence it is evident that the Art of Navigation requireth the solution of this Problem to the making up of its perfection viz. to find out the Longitude of the place where we are at any time and on any day The prize is propounded let him win who can A MAPP or GENERALL CARTE of the WORLD Designed in two Plaine Hemisphers By Monsieur Sanson Geograph r to the French King and Rendered into English and Illustrated with Figures by Richard Blome By the Kings Especiall Command To the High and Mighty Monarch Charles the Secâ—â—â— by the Grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defendor of the Faith c. This Mapp in all Humility is Dedicated by your Majesties obedient subiect and sarvant Richard Blome A GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD Taken from the WORKS Of the Famous Monsieur SANSON Late Geographer to the present French King To which are Added About an hundred GEOGRAPHICAL and HYDROGRAPHICAL TABLES of the Kingdoms Countreys and Isles in the World with their Chief Cities and Sea-Ports drawn from the MAPS of the said Monsieur Sanson and according to the Method of the said Description Illustrated with MAPS The Second Part. By RICHARD BLOME Printed in the Year 1680. Geographical TABLES On or above the Surface of the Terrestrial Globe and Maps of the World ought to be understood and noted Ten Points of which Four are called Cardinal Points as the North or the Pole Artick the South or the Pole Antartick the East the West Four are called Collateral Points as the East of the Summer the East of the Winter the West of the Summer the West of the Winter And two as Above and Under us as the Zenith the Nadir Ten Circles or Lines of which Five are Parallels the one to the other as the Aequinoctial or the Aequator the two Tropicks as the Tropick of Cancer the Tropick of Capricorn The two Polar Circles as the circle of the Pole Artick the circle of the Pole Antartick Five others are different the one from the others as in the middle of the Zodiack as the Ecliptick the Horizon as the Horizon rational the Horizon sensible or visible the Parallels or the degrees of Latitude the Meridians or the degrees of Longitude Two Colures in which are 4 Points which note our four Seasons of the year to wit above the colures of the Aequinoxes as the Spring the Autumn the colures of the Solstices as the Summer the Winter Three sorts of Zones in which are five to wit one Torrid or the Parching two Temperate as the temperate Artick or Northernly the temperate Antartick or Southernly two Frozen or Cold as the frozen Artick or Northernly the frozen Antartick or Southernly Three sorts of Shadows which diversly receive the Inhabitants of the five Zones for they are in the Torrid Zone Amphisciens in the Temperate Zones Northernly Northern Heterosciens Southernly Southern Heterosciens in the Frozen Zones Northernly Northern Perisciens Southernly Southern Perisciens Three sorts of Positions as the Inhabitants about the same Parallel opposite in Meridian are Perioeciens the Inhabitants about one Meridian opposed in their Parallels are Antoeciens the Inhabitants opposed both in Meridians and in Parallels are Antipodes The Climates of which the Ancients first made seven which they call by the most famous Places Seas and Rivers by which they passed as dia that is through Meroes dia Sienes dia Alexandrias dia Rhodou dia Pontou dia Boristenon then mâ—e in adding dia Ripheon dia Danias the Moderns made 30 to wit between the Aequator and the Polar circle 24 by half hours between the Polar circle and the Pole 6 by Months The Parallels which are following the Ancients 14 between the Aequator and Polar circle 48 by quarters of hours following the Moderns 60 between the Polar circle and the Pole 12 by fourteen days The Winds whereof the 4 Firsts and whereof the names are Monosyllables shall be called Cardinal Winds as North South East West 4 Seconds and whereof the names are of two syllables and composed of two of the four Firsts shall be called Collateral Winds as North-east North-west South-east South-west 8 Thirds and have their names of three syllables composed of one of the four Firsts and of one of the four Seconds as North North-east North North-west South South-east South South-west East North-east East South-west West North-west West South-west North and a quarter by North-east North and a quarter by North-west North-east and a quarter by North North-west and a quarter by North. 16 Fourths taking their names from four Firsts or four Seconds in saying of one fourth part by the other and that without having regard to the eight Third winds c. as it were South and a quarter by South-east South and a quarter by South-west South-east and a quarter by South South-west and a quarter by South East and a quarter by North-east East and a quarter by South-east North-east and a quarter by East South-east and a quarter by East West and a
inclining to cold than heat yet by reason of the famous Cities of Constantinople Adrianople and others here seated renders it the chief and best inhabited of all Greece It s chief places are Adrianople so called by the Emperour Hadrian who repaired it it was added to the Kingdom of the Turks by Bajazet Anno 1362 and continued the Seat of their Kings till Mahomet the Great took Constantinople from Constantine Palaeologus the last of the Eastern Emperours about 90 years after Blunt in his Voyage to the Levant in his description of this City saith That it is seated on three low Hills of which that in the midst is the largest and fairest on the top of which is a stately and magnificent Mosque and in the Churchyard are about 30 or 40 Cocks under a stately Fountain for People to wash before Divine Service as also at the bottom of this Building on the North and South sides are 20 Conduits with Cocks and on the East side are the Priests Lodgings and Gardens and round the Church-yard are Baths Cloysters and a Colledge for the Priests with other useful Offices all covered with Lead In this City are several Besestines or Exchanges some of good account as likewise many fair Hanes To this City are four stately and lofty Bridges of Freestone which make a pleasant shew and is a fair large and well composed City 2. Gallipoli seated near the Hellespont but within the Sea of Marinora This was the first City that the Turks possessed in Europe it being surprized by Solyman Son to Orchanes in Anno 1358. Here the Beglerbegh of the Sea hath his residence A little below Gallipoli is the streightest passage of the Hellespont a place formerly famous for Xerxes his Bridge but especially for the two Castles of Sesto on the European side and Abydo opposite to it on the Asian shoar of note for the Loves of Hero and Leander which Castles are now called the Dardanelli and command the passage and are the security or Bulwark of Constantinople on this as those on the Thracian Bosphorus are on the other 3. Caridia seated on the Thracian Chersonese opposite to the Isle of Lemnos as also to Troas in Asia and therefore now called St. George's Arm. 4. Abdera the Birth-place of Democritus who spent his time in Laughing 5. Pera a Town of the Genoueses opposite to Constantinople 6. Galata also opposite to Constantinople from which it is parted by a River wherein is found a good Harbour for Shipping and here all the Western Christians as English French Dutch and Venetian Merchants have their common residence intermixed with Jews Grecians Armenians and some few Turks And lastly Constantinople the now Metropolitan City of all Greece the Seat of the Grand Signior and formerly of the Emperours of the East first built by Pausanias a LÃ cedemonian Captain about 660 years before the Birth of Christ It is a City very commodiously seated for an Universal Empire overlooking Europe and Asia commanding the Euxine or Black Sea the Hellespont and Sea of Marinara or Propontis on the upper part of which and near the Thracian Bosphorus it is seated where it hath a Haven so deep and capacious that the Turks for its excellency call it the Port of the World so that for strength plenty and commodity no place can compare to it This City is in form Triangular its Walls are composed of Stone and Brick equally intermixed to which it hath 24 Gates for entrance whereof 5 regard the Land and 19 the Water being about 16 miles in compass and supposed with Pera and Galata adjoyning to it and Scutari on the Asian side to contain about 700000 living Souls good part of which are Christians and Jews and it would be far more populous were it not for the Plague which like a Tertian Ague here reigneth every third year and sometimes oftner This City is adorned with many magnificent Buildings both publick and private as also with curious Statues and other such like Ornaments which were brought out of Rome and other parts There is no City in the World makes so stately a shew if beheld from the Sea or adjoyning Mountains as this doth whose lofty and beautiful Cypress Trees are so intermixed with the Buildings that it seemeth to represent a City in a Wood whose seven aspiring Heads for on so many Hills it is seated are most of them crowned with magnificent Mosques all of white Marble in form round and coupled above being finished at the top with guilded Spires some having two some four and some six adjoyning Turrets of a great height and very slender so that there is no City in the World hath a more promising Object and being entred so much deceiveth the expectation having many vacant places several rows of Buildings consisting only of Shops the Houses not fair lofty nor uniform the Streets exceeding narrow and ill contrived yet here are many stately Houses where the Great persons reside also many Canns for Merchants and abundance of Mosques amongst which that of Sancta Sophia is the chief once a Christian Temple To every one of the principal Mosques doth belong publick Bagâ—io's Hospitals with Lodgings Santons and Ecclesiastical Persons which are endowed with competent Revenues the inferiour Mosques for the most part are built square many of them Pent-houses with oper Galleries where on extraordinary times they pray The number of Mosques of all sorts including Scutara Para Galata and the Buildings that border the Bosphorus are said to be about 8000. This Temple of St. Sophia is almost every Friday which is their Sabbath visited by the Grand Signior by reason of its being so near his Seraglia which is divided from the rest of the City by a lofty Wall containing in circuit about three miles wherein are stately Groves of Cypresses intermixed with delightful Gardens artificial Fountains variety of Fruits and curious Plains The Buildings are low but rich and stately with several fair Courts one within another and to the South-side doth joyn the Grand Signiors Palace in which are also several large Courts and stately Structures On the left hand of one of the Courts the Divano is kept where the Bassa's of the Port administer Justice out of the second Court is a passage into a third into which Christians are not permitted entrance but upon great favour on the North-side stands the Grand Signiors Cabinet in form of a stately Summer-house having a private passage from his Seraglio and from this place he takes Barge to delight himself on the Water Not far from the Palace is a spacious place encompassed with Houses called the Hippodrom by the Ancients and by the Turks Almidan where every Friday the Spachies of the Court play at Giocho di Canni that is they are mounted on Horses and ride after one another throwing Darts at each other which they endeavour to avoid by their hasty turning The Black Sea is distant from Constantinople about 15 miles it is much troubled with
Province of Angoumois ANGOVMOIS South of Guienne hath for its chief place Angoulesme Province of Berry BERRY very fertil and hath rich Pastures on which are fed abundance of Sheep of whose Wool the Inhabitants make store of Cloth It s chief places are 1. Burges dignified with a flourishing Vniversity 2. Issoudun 3 Chasteau Roux 4. Argentum and 5. Sancerre Province of Dutchy of Burgundy BOVRGOGNE or BVRGVNDY which is subdivided into several less parts hath for its chief places 1. Dijon built by the Emperour Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving birth to St. Bernard 2. Autun once the chief City in the Province and dignified with an Episcopal See 3. Beaune famous for its stately Hospital equalizing many Princes Palaces and these places are in Bourgogne particularly so called 4. Challon in Challonnois belonging to the House of Orange 5. Mascon in Masconnois where the Devil made his visits and disputes to a Minister which story is sufficiently known being at large treated of in a Book entituled the Devil of Mascon 6. Semur in Auxois and 7. Chastillon on the Seine in the Country of Montagne Several small Countries Adjacent to this Province of Burgundy are the Countries of Charollois Auxerrois Bresse Balliage Beugey and Veromey The chief place of CHAROLLOIS is Chorolles of AVXERROIS Auxerre of BRESSE Bourge a Town so well built and so strongly fortified that it is esteemed impregnable of BALLIAGE which bordereth upon the Swisses and Savoy Gex which is not far distant from Geneve and of BVGEY and VEROMAY bordering upon Dolphin and Savoy Belly which is a place of some account Province of Lionnois LIONNOIS hath for its chief places 1. Lions seated upon the conjunction of the Roane with the Soane by some esteemed the second City of France a famous ancient Mart Town and the See of an Archbishop who is Primate of all France 2. Treveux in the Sovereignty of Dombes Mombrizon in the County of Forez and 4. Ville Franche in the Country of Beaujolois Province of Auvergne AVVERGNE hath for its chief places 1. Bourbon the Archambaul 2. Molins seated on the Elaver of note for their neat Cases of Knives and Scissers both in the part or Country of Bourbonnois 3. St. Pierre le Montier in Nivernois 4. Cleremont the Seat of Vercingetorix who so bravely opposed Caesar 5. Riom 6. Monferrand 7. Vic le Comte and 8. St. Flour all in Auvergne particularly so called 9. Gueret and 10. Dorat in the Part of La Marche Government of Guienne and Gascogne In the Government of Guyenne and Gascogne are several Provinces and Countries in which are seated many good Towns and Cities In GVYENNE are 1. the Province of Saintonge whose chief place is Sainctes 2. Guienne which hath for its principal City Bourdeaux seated on the Banks of the Gerende famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the Second at present honoured with an Vniversity and a Parliament It is a place of a very great Trade and plentifully furnished with divers good Commodities especially Wines and Paper 3. Prigort hath for its chief place Perigueux seated on the Banks of Ila 4. Agenois whose chief place is Agen 5. Limosin hath for its chief places Limoges and Brive 6. Quercy in which are seated Cahors a rich and beautiful City built on the ascent of a Hill and Montalbon scituate on the Garond a place of good strength and 7. Rovergue whose chief places are Rodez and Vabres Provinces in Gascogne In GASCOGNE are also divers Provinces which with its chief places are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of the four Governments beyond the Loire beginning with Guienne and Gascogne Province of Languedoc LANGVEDOC may be divided into three quarters in which are several parts In the higher Langnedoc are the Cities of Toulousa in Toulousan a fair large City though of no continuance and is a place of a considerable Inland-trade 2. Alby in Albigeois 3. Castellan darry in Auraguais and 4. Foix in Foix. In the lower Languedoc are 1. Narbone the first Colony planted by the Romans next to Carthage out of Italy 2. Aleth 3. Limouth all in Narbone 4. Beziers 5. Agde and 6. Pemenas in the quarter of Beziers 7. Montpellier esteemed the healthfullest place for a pure Air in all France 8. Nismes and 9. Beaucaire all in the quarter of Nismes In the other part called Sevennes are 1. Mende in the quarter of Gevaudan 2. Le Puy in Velay 3. Viviers and 4. Vzes in the part of Vivarais Province of Daulphine The Province of DAVLPHINE is watered with the Roane and other Rivers and honoured with the title of the Princes of France It may be divided into three great parts which are subdivided into others viz. in the part or quarter towards the Roane are the Parts and Cities of Vienne in Viennois of some esteem for its excellent Sword-blades here made 2. Valence a fine City watered with the Roane 3. Romans 4. St. Marcellin 5. Crest and 6. Montelimar all in the higher and lower Valentinois and St. Pol Trois Chaux in the part of Tricastin In the quarter in the midst of the Province are 1. Grenoble in Grisivanden 2. Die in Diois and 3. le Bujiz in Baronies And in the quarter towards the Alpes 1. Embrun in Embrunois 2. Gap in Gapensois and 3. Brianson in Briansonnois Province of Provence PROVENCE washed by the Mediterranean Sea hath for its chief places towards the Roane Arles a Town well fortified by Henry the Fourth and Tarascon Upon the Sea 1. Marseille once a Colony of the Phoenicians commodiously seated on the Mediterranean shoar enjoying an excellent Haven and Road for Shipping which renders it a place of a considerable Trade and is well frequented by Merchants 2. Thollon the best Sea-port Town on the Mediterranean in all France having a capacious and safe Haven and is well resorted unto by Merchants 3. St. Tropes 4. Grace and 5. Vence In the midst of the Province are 1. Aix honoured with a Parliament 2. Salon 3. Apt and 4. Riez And towards the Alpes are Sisteron Digne Senez Glandeeve c. To the Province of PROVENCE doth belong the Country of Avignon and the Principality of Orange In Avignon are many walled Towns and some Cities the chief of which is Avignon a fair City seated on the Roane famous for being the ancient Seat of the Popes till removed to Rome This City is worthy of observation in that here is said to be 7 Parish Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Inns 7 Palaces and 7 Gates to its Walls as also for being made a Vniversity Principality of Orange In ORANGE are several good Towns and Cities the chief of which is Orange seated on the Meine of note for the wonderful and excellent Antiquities that are here to be seen and this Country belongs to the Prince of Orange To the twelve Governments we ought to add LORRAINE where are the Cities
Goude Rotterdam the Hague the Brill ZELAND Mildebourg Flushing Ziriczee ZUTPHEN Zutphen Doesbourg Grolle One Marquisate of the Empire which consisteth but of the City of Anvers or Antwerp Five Signieuries to wit UTRECHT Utrecht OVERYSSEL where are the Quarters of Saland Deventer Campen Swol Tuente Oldenzee Drente Coevorden WEST FRISE or WEST-FRISELAND Leuvarden Dockum Franicker Staveren GRONINGUE Groningue MALINES Malines To which may be added the Archbishoprick and Seignieury of CAMBRAY Cambray Bishoprick and Signieury of LIEGE where are Liege Tongres Maestricht Dinant Huy County of LINGEN Lingen The ESTATES or UNITED PROVINCES of the LOW COUNTRIES possessed in EUROPE The most Northern part of the LOW COUNTRIES where are eight Provinces or Parts to wit the Dutchy of GUELDERS Quarter of Betuve Nieumegue Bommel Fort de Schenck Quarter of Veluve Arnhem Harderwick Counties of HOLLAND North Holland Alcrnar Horne Inchuse South Holland Dordrecht Harlem Delft Leyde or Leyden Amsterdam Goude Rotterdam the Hague the Brill Gorckum St. Guitremberg ZELAND Mildebourg Ziriczee Flessing Tolen ZUTPHEN Zutphen Doesbourg Grolle Signleurles of UTRECHT Utrecht OVER-YSSEL Deventâ—r Campen Swol Covorden WEST FRISE Lieuvarden Harlingen Franicker Dockum Staveren GRONINGUE Groningue And in the Neighbouring Estates of the LOW COUNTRIES Part of the Dutchy of CLEVES Wesel Rees Emmerick Goch Gennep Part of the Estate of COLOGNE Rhinsberg Orsoy And in the County of EMBDEN Roeroort And in the most Southern part of the LOW COUNTRY Part of the Dutchy of BRABANT Bosleduc Breda Berg op Zom Willemftad Steenberg Lillo Part of the Dutchy of LIMBOURG Maestricht Part of the County of FLANDERS Escluse Ardenbourg Middelbourg Isendiâ—k Biervliet Ter-Neuse Philippine Patience Lifkenshoeck In AFRICA or AFRIQUE AFRICA or LYBIA Upon the Coast or near The Country of the NEGRO'S Arguin Goeree GUINEE St. George de la Mine Fort of Nassau AETHIOPIA The Isles of St. THOMAS Cuidad de Pavoasan LOANDA St. Pol de Loanda In ASIA And in the East INDIES On the Coasts of COROMANDEL SIAM Gueldres Malaca And in the East INDIAN ISLES On the Coasts of Isle of CEYLAN Isle of JAVA Colombo Jacatra or Batavia Part of the MOLUCQUES to wit in TERNATE Talouque Maylaye Tacomma MOTIR Nassau MAQUIAM Taffason Naffaguia or Maurice Tabillola or Telebola BACHIAN Labolia Gamineduore About the MOLUCQUES to wit in GILOLO Zabou AMBOYNE Coubella Lovio Hittou Ambeyne NERA Isle of Banda Nassau Belgique Revenge POLEWAY Isle of Banda Nassau Belgique Revenge Between CHINA and JAPON HERMOSO Zeland In AMERICA or AMERIQUE MERIDIONALE Part of BRAZILE where are the Capitanies of FERNAMBUCO Olinde TAMRACA Tamaraca PARAYBA Parayba RIO GRANDE Potengi CIARA Ciara MARAGNAN Maragnan And near the Coast of VENEZUELA the Isle of Curacao GERMANY about the Danube may be considered in three Parts viz. Higher or SOVABIA which is subdivided into two parts to wit SOVABE or SOVABIA where are The Bishopricks of Ausbourg Dilengen Fuessen Constance Mersbourg Coire Marsoila The Dutchy of Wirtenberg Stutgard Tubingue The Marquisate of Burgau Guntzbourg Part of the Marquisate of Baden Durlach Baden Thirteen Counties among the which are Furstenberg Meâ—kirâ—k Hohenberg Ehingen Rhinfeld Rhinfenden Lauffenbourg Divers Baronies c. The Barony of Waldbourg Thirty five Cities of the EMPIRE among the which Beyond the Danube are Ausbourg Constance Lindau Uberlingue Memmingue Kempten Ravensbourg On this side the Danube are Ulme Norlingue Drinckespuhel Awlen Halle Hailbron Eslingue Guemunde SWISSES or SWITZERLAND under the name of which is understood Thirteen Cantons where of The principal Cities are Basle Berne Zurich Lucerne Soleurne Fribourg Schasshouse Twelve or Thirteen Allies among the which are The Abby and City of St. Gall. The Bishoprick of Sion The Grisons Coire The Bishoprick of Porentruy The Cities of Geneve Mulhausen Newchastel Rotweil Twenty or Twenty five Subjects among the which are The County of Chiavenne The Val Teline Sondrio Wormes or Bormio The Balliages and Cities of Lugan Bellinâ—one Bade Frawenfeld Mean or BAVARIA which is divided into three parts and where are The Estates of the Dukedom of TIROL which comprehendeth The County of Tirol where are Inspruck Tirol Cufstaâ—ne Towards the Lake of Constance the Counties of Feldkirch Bregaz The Protection of the Bishopricks of Trente Brixen The Estates of the Dutchy of BAVARIA where are comprised The Dutchy of Bavaria Higher Munich Landsperg Lower Landshout Straubing Between the Ecclesiasticks The Archbishoprick of Saltzbourg The Bishopricks of Passau Ratisbone Frissingue The Provost of Berehtogade Between the Laicks The Palatinate of Newbourg The County of Hag. Cities of the Emperour Ratisbone Ingolstat Dona-wert The Estates of the Palatinate of BAVARIA which are In the Country of the Palatinate of Bavaria Amberg To the Princes of the House Palatine Sultzbach In the Palatinate of Newbourg Burglenfelt To the Bishoprick of Aichster Aichster In the Langrave of Leuchtenberg Pfreinâ— Lower or AUSTRICHE or AUSTRIA which is divided into two parts to wit Archbishoprick of AUSTRIA Higher Lintz Ens or Ems Wells Freystat Mean Crems Horne Stain Lower Vienne Newstat Bade And the Hereditary Estates of AUSTRIA to wit The Dutchy of Stitle Higher Pruck Lower Graecz Pettau The Dutchy of Carnithie Higher Villach Gurcz Mean St. Veit Lower Lavemunde The Dutchy of Carniole Higher or Seiche Gorice Gradisque Czirknicz Lower Laubach The County of Cilley Cilley The Windishmarch or Marquisate of Vindes Metling Rudolsswerd The SUISSES or SWITZERLAND and that which we understand under the name ought to be considered in three Parts to wit in Thirteen Cantons which following their Antiquity are URI 1308 SUISSE 1308 UNDERWALD 1308 LUCERNE 1332 ZURIOH 1351 ZUG 1352 GLARIS 1352 BERNE 1353 FRIBOURG 1481 SOLEURNE 1481 BASLE 1501 SCHASFHOUSE 1501 APPENZEL 1513 or following their Ranges c. Zurich Protestant Zurich Winterthur Stein Grisfensee Eglifou Berne Protestant Berne Lausanne Yverdon Nyon Mouldon Morges Peterlingen Vevay Lemzbourg Burgdoâ—f Aarbourg Bruck Thun Lucerne Catholick Lucerne Sursce Sempach Uri Catholick Altorf Suisse Catholick Suitz or Suisse Underwald Catholick Stantastad Zug Catholick Zug Glaris Catholick and Protestant Glaris Basle Protestant Basle Fribourg Catholick Fribourg Corbers Gryers Soleurne Catholick Soleurne Schafshouse Protestant Schafshouse Appenzel Catholick Appenzel Their Allies which are The Abbe and City of St. GAL in Suisse Wyll St. Gall. The Bishoprick of SION or County of Valais Sittin or Sion Martinath The GRISONS divided into three Leagues or Confederacies as Higher or Grise Ilantz Dissentis Of the House of God Coir or Chur Furstenow Puschiaâ—e Of the ten Communalties Tafas Meyenfeld The Cities In Alsace or Alsatia Mulhausen In Sovabia Rotweil Towards the Franche County Bienne Neuchastel Vallangin In Savoy Geneve The Bishopricks of Basle in Suisse Porentruy Nuenftar or Bonneville Delmont Constance in Sovabia and Suisse Mersbourg Arbon Bischofszel Bollingen Keiserstul Clingenow Reichenau Steekburne Coire in the Grisons Marsoilachau Their Subjects viz. Subjects to the Cantons as At Glaris the County of Werdenberg Ar Zurich the County of Altsax Foriteckchau At Suisse and Glaris the Balliages of Gastal Uznach At Berne and
of Provisions Tunbridge Tunbridge seated on a branch of the Medway over which it hath a Bridge and is said to take its name from its many Bridges It is a well frequented Market Town which is on Fridays for Corn and Provisions and is of chief note for its healthful and Medicinal Waters near adjoyning which are much visited by the Gentry in the Summer season Lath of Scray described The Lath of Scray taketh up the mid-part of the County is divided into 16 Hundreds hath two divisions of Justices of the Peace and hath for its chief places Feversham Feversham not far from the Isle of Shippey so made by the Medway which with the Sea encircleth it out of which said River there cometh a Creek up to the Town by reason of which it is well frequented by Hoyes and such like small Vessels which here drive a good Trade it being the principal Port-Town for all this part of Kent The Town is large well built and inhabited by Tradesmen Inn-keepers and Victualers and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are well served with Provisions Near this Town are very deep Pits which are narrow at the mouth and broad below with Chalk Pillars as it were to support them and have partitions or rooms within them Queenborough Queenborough seated in the Isle of Shippey which is about 21 miles in circuit and of an exceeding fertil Soil feeding great flocks of Sheep from whence 't is said to take its name a Borough Town of great antiquity but is very small and mean For the defence of the passage up the River of Thames here was a very strong Castle now reduced to ruin but of late his present Majesty hath caused a powerful Fort to be raised at Shyreness the better to secure the passage up the Medway to Gellingham and Chetham where the Navy Royal rideth In the Isle of Shippey there are no Moles and if any be carried thither they are said to die Ashford Ashford not far from the Stower hath a well frequented Market on Saturdays and in this Town is kept a Court of Record upon every Tuesday three weeks for Actions wherein the debt or damages do not exceed 20 Marks Lath of Shepway The Lath of SHEPWAY is severed into 13 Hundreds hath one division of Justices of the Peace and for its chief places hath Hyth Hyth once a place of good note and largeness as being one of the Cinque-Ports but now not much frequented by reason of the Seas forsaking it and its Haven being choaked up yet doth it still retain its priviledges as other Cinque-port Towns and hath a Market on Saturdays which is indifferently well furnished with Provisions and here are yet two Hospitals which are both under the government of the Major and Jurats of the Town Rumney another of the Cinque-Port Towns seated in a Marsh so called Rumney of about 14 miles in length and 8 in breadth now more famous for the fertility of the Marsh in grasing of Cattle than for the goodness of the place by reason of the Seas leaving it and for its unwholsom Air the Town being not large nor the Buildings good yet is it the chiefest Market Town in the Marsh which every Thursday is indifferently well served with Provisions yet doth it still enjoy the priviledges of other Cinque-port Towns Lath of St. Augustine The Lath of St. AVGVSTINE is washed on the North and East with the Sen it is severed into 12 Hundreds hath one division of Justices of the Peace and for its chief places hath Canterbury a City of great antiquity Canterbury being said to be built 900 years before the birth of Christ and in former time was held in great fame and much resorted unto and the more for being the Burial-place of St. Thomas Becket there slain a person so greatly reverenced by the Romanists This City is encompassed with a Mote and Wall on which are or were several Cittadels or Watch-Towers without which are its Suburbs in which and within the City are numbred 14 Parish Churches besides its Cathedral a large and superb structure not inferiour to St. Pauls at London when in its pristine grandure and splendour having two lofty Towers which much add to the prospect of the City and within its bounds or limits are several fair Edifices belonging to the Dean and Prebends as also a Free School called the Kings School It is a City graced with divers good Buildings and a fair Market-house over which are Rooms made use of by the Major and Aldermen for the publick concerns of the City It is dignified with an Episcopal See who is Primate of all England is governed by a Major and Court of Aldermen and hath a Recorder and other sub-Officers It enjoyeth several Immunities electeth Parliament men is well inhabited and traded unto for its Stuffs made by Walloons there inhabiting and is well provided with Provisions for besides its Shambles it hath weekly two Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays which it the most considerable Dover commodiously seated on the Sea-shoar Dover which together with its strength as well by Nature as Art being loftily scituated between high Cliffs commanding both Sea and Country adjacent and defended by a strong Castle and other Fortifications as also the commodiousness of its Haven for being one of the Cinque-port Towns and for its short and ready passage into France being about 21 miles makes it a place of considerable note It also enjoyeth a good Trade and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are well frequented and furnished with Provisions It is a Town Corporate governed by a Major and other Officers enjoyeth ample Immunities and was of a larger extent than now it is having formerly 7 Parish Churches which are reduced to 2. It s Castle built by Julius Coesar is esteemed a place of great importance to the Nation and is strongly guarded At the west part of the Peer is a Fort called Archliff-Fort and in the Cliff under the Castle is a Fort called Motes Bulwark and at the other side of the Castle-hill is a Tower or Light-house made use of for direction of Ships called Breden-stone and by some the Devils drop of Mortar Along the Shoar going towards Sandwich are St. Margarets-bay Kingsdown Walmer Castle Deal Castle and Sandown Castle Sandwich another of the Cinque-port Towns being incorporated Sandwich and amongst its Immunities electeth Burgesses It is a place of good strength both by Nature and Art but by reason of the ill-commodiousness of the Harbour is not well frequented yet hath it weekly 2 Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays Isle of Thanet The Isle of THANET doth here present it self which is about 9 miles long and about the same breadth where broadest It is very populous and plentifully stored with Provisions especially Corn and hath in it several Towns whose names appear in the Map County of Lancaster described The County Palatine of LANCASTER for
Bodies and call the Isles of Japan those which are on the East of China the Philippine Isles those which are likewise on the South East of China the Isles of the Moluccoes those which are to the South of the Philippines the Isles of the Sound those which are to the West of the Moluccoes and I put for the fifth Ceylan and the Maldives which are East and South-East from Cape Comori the utmost point of Malabar There are moreover many Isles which belong to Asia but not to compare with these of which we shall also speak a word as occasion offers The Isles of Japan are on this side the Tropick of Cancer the Philippines between the Tropick and the Equinoctial Line the Moluccoes the Isles of the Sound and the Maldives are about this Line returning from East to West The Isles of JAPAN or JAPON The Isles of Japan WE call the Isle or Isles of Japan a certain multitude of Isles and of different bigness which are on the East of China distant from it about 100 Leagues and so are seated in the most Oriental part of our Continent They stretch together in length about 300 Leagues from West to East and from South to North 40 50 60 and sometimes 100 Leagues in breadth Amongst these Isles there are 3 very considerable The first and which is much greater then the two others is called by us Japan or Japon by its Inhabitants Hippon or Niphon which signifies The Spring of Light or of the Sun A name proper for it since it lies to the East and Sun-rising of all Asia and of all our Continent The second is called Ximo that is a Low Countrey or Saycock that that is Nine Kingdoms The last Tokoesi or Xicoco that is Four Kingdoms We must likewise make account that these three great Isles are cut asunder by several Channels which divide them into several Isles but because these Channels are very narrow these parts are esteemed pieces contigious in regard of the others where the Channels or rather the Arms of the Sea which divide them are much larger They have all those Fruits Trees Herbs and Beasts which we have in Europe with several others not known amongst us as also abundance of several Fowls both tame and wild the surface of the Earth is well clothed with Woods and Forests in which are found very lofty Cedars and the bowels of the Earth stored with divers Metals as Gold Silver Copper Tin Lead Iron c. though not so good as in the Indies except it be their Silver which is excellent and abundant Their Pearls are great red and of no less esteem then the white ones These with several Manufactures which are her◠made are the chief Commodities of this Island Chief places Meaco described In this Island are several Cities of some note as 1 Meaco seated in the midst of the great Isle of Japan a fair and large City formerly 21 miles in compass but now by reason of their Wars it is reduced to the third part of what it was in which the Jesuites did formerly esteem it to have 180000 Houses and judged it to have near 100000 when they were there This City is the ordinary residence of the Triumviri or the three principal Magistrates which rule or sway the affairs of these Islands of whom the first is entituled the Dayri or Voo that is the Emperor who hath the care of Civil Affairs the second is the Cube or King of Tenza who is chief of the Militia managing the Affairs of Peace or War and thirdly the Zazo or Xaca who is chief in Religion and Sacred matters The City is divided into the higher and lower the one and the other together were not above 20000 paces long and 8 or 10000 paces large The Palace of the Dayri was in the higher City great The Palace of the Dayri stately and adorned with all things which may add to its luster and the Houses or Palaces of his Conges with the Houses of the chief Lords of all Japan were about that of the Emperor The lower City was almost contigious to Fuximi which serves for a Fortress to Meaco This City as most of all those in these Islands are unwalled but its Streets in the night are chained up and a Watch of two men at each end of every Street who are to give account of the transactions that happen in the night Its Streets are large and well composed its Houses well built and most of Wood all their Pagodes are made of Wood they are neither large nor high and in these Pagodes they have several ill-shapen Figures to which they address their Prayers and bestow on them great gifts in way of Alins which their Priests make use of Nobunanga was the first that lessened this City which he did by burning a part of it in 1571 and since it hath received divers jostlings of ill fortune 2. Amangucki a Maritime City and the fairest of the Kingdom of Nangato hath been formerly well known for its Trade containing few less then 10000 Families It was burned in 1555 during some revolt it was builded again and again burnt and afterwards rebuilt These fires happen often in Japan the greatest part of their building being of Wood but the wood is very near and curious marbled c. Nangasaki was the most famous of the Isles of Saycock and there are a great number of fair Cities through all Japan Amongst these Cities that of Sacay on the South of Meaco which Ferdinand Mendez Pinto provided that he doth not lie says he hath known not to have depended upon any King or Lord but was governed of it self in form of a Republick created all its Magistrates and Officers and he assures us that all the Masters of Families rich or poor make themselves be called Kings and Queens and their Children Princes and Princesses This liberty and vanity is observable if it be true The City of Yendo Mandelssos in his Book of Travels makes mention of a City called Yendo which he makes to be a fair large and well built City in which he saith there is a Castle about two Leagues in compass being strongly fortified with 3 Walls and as many Moats The building is very irregular but fair having to the Walls abundance of Gates Within the last Gate he saith there is a Magazin of Arms for 3 or 4000 men on which all the Streets that are fair and broad take their rise 〈◊〉 in which said Streets on both sides are many magnificent Palaces for the Nobles In the midst of this Castle is seated the Emperors Palace having belonging to it many stately edifices and apartments as Halls Chambers Galleries Gardens Orchards Groves Fish-Ponds Fountains Courts c. as also several Select Houses for his Wives and Concubines And here is his ordinary Residence being in the Province of Quanto about 120000 paces from Meaco between which are abundance of stately and magnificent Palaces and Houses for the
are fruitful in all Provisions especially Rice they yield Gold Ivory Saunders and Cotton feed much Cattle and their Sea affords plenty of Fish and Pearls The Air is healthful though almost in the same scituation with Gilolo except that they advance to the 6th degree of Latitude towards the South They are well peopled and its People are tall and comly They are Idolaters and much addicted to Piracy Here is esteemed to be six principal Kingdoms of which that of Macasar which gives sometimes a name to all these Isles is the most powerful that of Cion the second then those of Sanguin Cauripana Getigan and Supar the greatest Cities are Macasar and Bantachia 30 or 40 Leagues one from the other as also Celebes seated on the Sea The Land of Papous The Land of PAPOVS that is of Blucks is little known yet is no other than New Guiney and other than the Isle of Ceyram though some would confound it with them This last is to the Westward of it and the other to the Eastward both the one and the other more towards the South There are some Whites among its Inhabitants but few all lean deformed and Traytors They have Gold Ambergreece and Birds of Paradise with which they pay Tribute to their Kings and to the King of Ternate The Isles of Ceyram Flores c. CETRAM hath the same qualities and its Inhabitants like to Papous and well peopled Flores Solar Malva Susu Timor Ombo Terralta c. are divers Isles under the 8th 9th and 10th degrees of South Latitude and which advance from the 160th unto the 175th degree of Longitude Timor an other than that Timor of the Moluccoes is the most esteemed It produces store of Grains and Fruits feeds many Cattle and Fowl amongst its Drugs and Spices it hath Ginger Cinnamon and whole Forrests of white and yellow Saunders Its Inhabitants are Idolaters half Savages and had the use of Fire but lately Malva on the West of Timor hath quantity of Pepper Solar is other than Soloe or Solayo This last is 10 Leagues from Celebes and between the 6th and 7th degree of Latitude that 15 or 16 Leagues from Timor and between the 8th and 9th degree of Latitude The City Adonare is the residence of the King of Solor and there is a great trade for Saunders between this Isle and Cabanazza in Timor Solor hath likewise Gold and Pearl Almost in the midst of these Isles which we call in general the Moluccoes are those of Amboyna and Banda which are but small yet are in great esteem Those of Amboyna are Amboyna Veranula Hittou Noesan and some others The Isle of Amboyna its fertility and commodities The Isle of AMBOYNA hath its chief City of the same name which is of some considerable note besides several other small Towns and Villages This Island was first discovered by the Portugals who had here the command of a Castle and other Forts which the Hollanders took in 1605 and have possessed likewise the Fortress of Coubella Lovio and the Redout of Hittou in the Isle of Hottou The Spaniards dispossessed them a little after 1620 and the Hollanders have regained them since where they drive a great and profitable Trade The Land at first was barren but by their industry it is now become very fertil producing Rice Sugar quantity of Fruits especially Lemmons and Oranges Coco-Nuts Bonanas several Spices but principally Cloves of which alone they receive great profit Here it was that the Hollanders did once with a never to be forgotten cruelty and barbarousness murther the English that resided and traded thither on purpose to gain the whole Trade to themselves Its Inhabitants The Inhabitants were heretofore Brutish Cannibals insomuch as they would eat one another though their nearest Relations when age or sickness seised them and all Pagans but since by reason of the Commerce they had with the Persians and Arabians Mahometism is somewhat received amongst them as also Christianity by reason of the Portugals and Dutch which in time may come to some perfection though at present it is but very small But notwithstanding they make use of their Paganish Superstitions adoring the Devil who appears to them when they invoke him in which they are very superstitious and ceremonious They are much given to Sorcery and Conjurations very prophane barbarous not given to Arts or Literature They are naturally unsaithful thievish covetous stupid and very timerous In their Marriages they make no great Ceremonies taking one anothers words which as slightly they evade leaving one another upon the least occasion of offence and are free for another The Isles of Banda Nera and Gumanapi described The Isles of BANDA are three principal ones Banda which communicates its name to the rest Nera and Gumanapi and 3 or 4 lesser ones Wayer Poloway and Pulorin some add Poelsetton the most Western of all Banda hath the Cities or Towns of Londor Ortatan and Combor Nera hath that of Nera and Labetach Gumanapi hath only one of its name underneath a Mountain which vomits Fire Nera is the chiefest of all The Hollanders hold in the Isle of Nera the Forts of Nassau and Belgica and in the Isle of Poloway the Fort of Revenge These Isles are unhealthful the Nutmegs and Mace which these Isles produce make them frequented by Strangers These Fruits they gather thrice a year in April August and December Besides these Isles already spoken of there are these following which are ranged and numbred with those of the Moluccoes and are found as they lie either on the Coast or Shoar of the Isles Celebes Gilolo or Land of Papous to participate of their nature temperature soil or the like which I have taken notice of in the Geographical Table It s People The Inhabitants are Mahometans in which they are very zealous and superstitious not entring into their Mosques without washing their Feet and when they are there very fervent in their Prayers which they use often They are very obstinate and the Men are much given to idleness minding their Recreations and leaving their affairs to their Wives The People are here observed to live to a great Age. The People of all these Isles which have passed under the names of Moluccoes are of different humors those which are on the Coasts most frequented by Strangers are the most civil yet others more barbarous And on the Coast they are either Mahometans or Christians the rest Idolaters but the Spaniards and Portugals on one side and the Hollanders on the other do much trouble these Islands making themselves Masters now of one and then of another for the most part making War betwixt themselves or with the Islanders among which there are divers Kings some subject to the Portugals and others to the Hollanders Amongst all these Kings the most powerful is he of Ternate Their Kings to whom belong Ternate Mothir and Bachian likewise Cayoa and Gazea amongst the True
abandon the City by reason of the multitude of Scorpions whose biting is mortal as is that of the Black Scorpions which are towards Calaa in the Kingdom of Labes yet here the Inhabitants taking but two drams of a little Plant it cures them though bitten and preserves them a whole year saith the Arab of Nubia from biting Borghia is well peopled hath many Artizans and Labourers The Water which passes at Deusen is hot as likewise that which passes at Nefta The Inhabitants of Teolacha are proud and haughty Quarter of Mezzab its chief places c. described The Quarter of MEZZAB is to the South of that of Zeb and is a great passage from divers parts of Barbary to go towards the Land of the Negroes which makes those of the Country trade on the one and the other side They have six walled Towns and a great number of Villages are Tributary to some Arabs The Estates of Techort and Guerguela The Estates of Techort and Guerguela have each their Prince or King they have sometimes been free sometime Subjects or Tributaries to Morocco Telensin Tunis and in fine to the Kings of Algier to whom they give a certain number of Negroes in form of Tribute Each Estate takes its name from its chief City besides which they have each of them many walled Towns and about 100 or 150 Villages and about 150000 Duckats of Revenue They can raise 40 or 50000 Men but they are but bad Souldiers Techort though on the top of a Mountain and having 2500 Houses was yet taken by the Turks of Algier with a very few people and 3 Pieces of Cannon They have abundance of Dates from whence flows their Riches they want Corn and Fish they treat Christians favourably and are more civil than their Neighbours Quarter of Billedulgerid with its parts and chief places BILLEDVLGERID or BELED-ELGERED that is the Country of Dates is a particular Province of Billedulgerid taken in general This Province is above the Coast of Tripoli and we add the Quarters of Teorregu Jasliten Gademez and Fezzen The particular Billedulgerid is so rich in Dates that it takes thence its name and hath communicated it to the neighbouring Countries and to all that part which is above Barbary It s principal Cities are Tensar Caphsa and Nefsaoa and a great number of Villages Teorregu hath 3 walled Towns and 26 Villages of which the chief bears the name of Teorregu Jasliten 3 or 4 Towns and 30 Villages and the chief so called Gademez hath 16 walled Towns and about 60 Villages the chief of which are Gademes and Statio Fezzen more than 50 Cities or walled Towns and above 100 Villages The two last Estates are free the other subject to the Turks or to the Kings of Tunis and Tripoli Caphsa of old Capha which is believed to be built by the Libyan Hercules is put by some among the Governments of Tunis EGYPT may be divided into three Parts and then The first shall contain the Twelve Cassilifs or Governments within EGYPT as In the Higher EGYPT the Cassilifs of GIRGIO Asna Barbanda Girgio â—â—id Chiana MANFEâ—OUT Maâ—â—â—oâ—â— Aâ—â—otha AEBENSUEF Fium Mâ—niâ— Benisuaifa MINIO Assuana Chana Minio Ichmina CHERKâ—FFI Almona Paulicella Anthium FIUM Fium Cosora GIZA Gezâ— CAIRO Cairo Sues Elmena Larnabula Antâ—â—li Emelcocena In the Lower EGYPT the Cassilifs of MANSOURA Heroa Mansoura Belbesa Sahidum Berâ—lies Mesela Elboera Teâ—exa Faramida Cassia GARBIA Damiata Petra Bourles Beltina Migâ—â— Eliâ—ala Demanohoura MENUFIA Menufia BASBEIH or CALIOUBIEH with the Territory of ERRIF or ALEXANDRIA Tureta Zuga Euoâ— Sebennets Alexandria Turâ—is Bochira Arabum Rosetto Atacona Tunia Turamania Alhaman Democuria The Second Part shall contain the Cities seated on the RED SEA among which are those of Buge â—ibid Saâ— Cosur Ficte Dacati Suguam Libelezaita Azirut Grodol The Third shall be the Cassilif or Government of BONHERA or BAERA without the True EGYPT and in LIBYA but under its Jurisdiction whose chief places may be considered as as they lie On the Sea among which are those of Ripaealba Roxa Lagoseium Albertonus portus Solona Musulomara Trabochus portus Patriarcha portus Salinae Favara Forcella Bon Andreas Doera Laaneum Zadra Tolomeâ—a Taochara Berzebona Berâ—ichum Careora Camera Avâ—um portus Salinae Within Land as Cayroan Barca Solue Altahune Nachel Maghar Alacquin EGYPT OF all the parts of Africa EGYPT is the nearest and only contiguous to Asia and this Neighbourhood hath perswaded some Authors both Ancient and Modern to esteem Egypt either in whole or in part in Asia At present we hold it all in Africa and give for its bounds the Red Sea Egypt bounded and the Isthmus which is between the Red Sea and the Mediterranean on the East the Desarts of Barca on the West Nubia on the South and the Mediterranean Sea on the North. The Nile alone washes this Region through its whole length which is from its Cataracts to the Sea about 20 Leagues or more its breadth not being above half so much and of that breadth that which is between the Mountains which incloses the Valley of Nile on the East and the Coast of the Red Sea is but Desart there being nothing inhabited but the Valley which lies on both sides the Nile inclosed with Mountains and very narrow in the higher part of Egypt but enlarging it self much more as it approaches the Sea Of this Figure which the Country makes the Ancients have taken occasion first to divide it into high and low It s Division and Names after into high middle and low Higher which they called Thebais by reason of Thebes at present Saida Middle which they called Heptanomos by reason of the 7 Nomi Provostships or Governments it contained at present Bechria or Demesor Lower and more particularly Egypt and sometimes Delta the best part of the lower having the form of a Greek â–³ the two sides of which were inclosed by the branches of the Nile and the third by the Sea and this part is now called Errif The Romans changed something in the number and in the names of these Provinces which we shall now omit At present Egypt is divided into 12 principal Cassilifs Sangiacats or Governments of which five answer to the Higher Egypt viz. Girgio Manfelout and Aebensuef on the left hand of the Nile Minio and Cherkeffi on the right still descending the Nile two with the Territory of Cairo answer to the Middle Egypt viz. the Cassilifs of Fium and Giza on the left and Cairo with its Territory on the right hand of the Nile then four others answer to the Lower viz. Mansoura Garbia Menoufia Callioubech or Basbieh with Alexandria and its Territory for the Cassilif of Bonhera or Baera is out of the limits of the ancient and true Egypt and in Libya which passes commonly under the name of the Kingdom of Barca Egypt of great Antiquity EGYPT is very famous in that they would make us believe that the first Men were here formed and as
square Obelisks full of Egyptian Hieroglyphicks of a vast bigness and each of one entire piece of Stone said to be thrice as big as that at Rome or that at Constantinople Near these Obelisks as Sir Henry Blunt relateth are the ruines of Cleopatra's Palace high upon the shore with the private Gate whereat she received Mark Antony after their overthrow at Actium And he saith That about a bow shoot further upon another Rock on the shore is yet a round Tower which was part of Alexanders Palace This City after the Romans were Masters of Egypt was steemed the second of their Empire And when the Arabs seised it there was counted 12000 Sellers of Herbs 4000 Bathing-houses 400 Play-houses c. Thus was the former state of this City but at present almost a heap of ruines especially the East and South parts not the moyety of the City being inhabited And were it not for some conveniencies of Trade or the like more then any pleasure of the place by reason of the evil Air which reigns there it would be soon left wholly desolate It is now inhabited by a mixture of Nations as Turks Jews Greeks Moors Copties and Christians Now remarkable for a Mosque in which St. Mark their first Bishop was said to be buried Yet their rests still within and near the City many Obelisks Columus Footsteps of pround Building c. The City of Rosetto Raschit or Rosetto a pritty little City seated on the Nile four miles from the Mediterranean Sea a place of no strength but of a great Trade and well furnished with several sorts of Commodities Its Buildings are stately both within and without and is only defended by a Castle being without Walls or other Fortifications This City in ancient times was noted for a place of all kinds of Beastliness and Luxury Damiata is a fair City The City of Damiata and its Land excellent famous for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies in Anno 1220. Who for 18 Moneths continuance did stoutly defend themselves till in the end the Enemy hearing no noise some of them did adventure to Scale the Walls who finding no resistance the Army marched in who then found in every house and corner heaps of dead bodies and none to give them burial and searching them found them to die of Famine and of the Pestilence which grievously raged amongst them Which lamentable spectacle must needs add terror to the beholder This City was built as some Authors say out of the ruines of Pelusium which was built by Peleus the Father of Achilles who for the murther of his Brother Phocus was by the gods commanded to purge himself in the adjoyning Lake This place as Heylin noteth was the Episcopal See of St. Isidore sirnamed Pelusiotes whose Pious and Rhetorical Epistles are yet extant And at this place Ptolomy the famous Geographer drew his first breath And these three Cities after Cairo are at present the fairest of Egypt There are abundance of other Cities which are yet in some repute as Suez and Cossir seated on the Red Sea Suez noted for its Arsenal and Cossir for its reception of the Merchandizes of the East and Saiet a fair Town not far from Cairo on the Nile by some said to be the dwelling place of Joseph and Mary whither they sled with Christ for fear of Herod where are yet the ruines of a fair and beautiful Temple which as they say was built by Helena the Mother of Constantine with several others too tedious to name But to speak truth Egypt is nothing in regard of what it was under its first Kings with several other as I have set down in my Geographical Tables as they are found in the said Twelve Cassiliffs and are all commodiously and pleasantly seated on the Banks of the Nile which traverses the whole Countrey dividing it self into several streams especially in the Higher Egypt where with several Mouths it fullâ— into or receives the Mideterranean Sea Also I have noted several Cities seated on the Red Sea to which I refer the Reader The Lakes of Bucheira and Moeris In this Countrey are two Lakes the one is called The Lake of Bucheira in the Territory of Alexandria and is about twelve Leagues in length and seven in breadth the other is called The Lake of Moeris in the Cassilifs of Giza and Fium and is about 27 Leagues in length and 20 15 10 5 and 3 in breadth Thus much for the Description of the Countrey In the next place I shall treat of the Inhabitants as to their Laws Religion Customs Antiquities Hieroglyphicks Stature Habit c. Also the Fertility and Rarities of the Countrey amongst which I shall end with the Description of the Nile Their Laws execution of Justice Their Laws as to Justice and Government are perfectly Turkish and therefore I shall refer the Reader to the Description of the Turks as ye may find it treated of in the Description of Constantinople their Metropolitan City Yet for rigor in their punishments they exceed other parts of Turkey and that by reason of the treacherous malicious and base dispositions of them their executions being different according to the quality of the Crime for some offences they use slaying alive for others impaling cutting them off with a red hot Iron at the Waist for others oynting with Honey in the Sun also some they hang by the Foot and the like cruelties The ancient People of this Countrey were Heathens worshipping the Sun Moon and Stars sacrificing to Apollo Jupiter Hercules and the rest of the gods also attributing divine honors to Serpents Crocodiles as also to Garlick Onions and Leeks But the god which thay most adored was Apis a coal-black Ox with a white Star in his Fore-head two Hairs only in his Tail and the form of an Eagle on his back but now Mahometism is much received amongst them The Christian Faith was here first planted by St Mark who was the first Bishop of Alexandria And these Christians are all of the Jacobites Sect observing the same Customs and Forms of Ceremonies in their Religion as those formerly treated of in Asia Its antiquities Among the many Rarities or Antiquities of this Countrey are the Pyramides as also the Obelisks and Columns spoken of before next on the Banks of the River Nile stood that famous Labyrinth built by Psamnicus a place of an exceeding great bigness containing 1000 Houses besides 12 Royal Palaces within an intire Wall Which had but one entrance but exceeding many turnings and windings which caused the way to be exceeding difficult to find the building being as much under ground as above The buildings were of Marble and adorned with stately Columns The Rooms were fair and large especially a Hall which was the place of their general Conventions which was adorned with the Statues of their gods and composed of polished Marble Not far from the Pyramides doth stand the Colossus being in form of an
Leagues broad between the Province of Chiapa and the Sea the Country is full of Pools and Marshes towards the Coast Wood and Forests towards the Mountains and the Rains being continual for 8 or 9 Months in the year the Air is very humid and its scituation being much under the Torrid Zone it engenders an infinite number of Vermin Gnats and Insects yet the Soil is excellent It s fertility and commodities It s chief Colony abundant in Mayz and Cocao which is their principal Riches There is observable here but one Colony of the Spaniards which they call Villa de Nuestra a Sennora de la Victoria so called because of the Victory Cortez gained in 1519 against those of the Country when he went to the Conquest of the Kingdom of Mexico It was called Potonchan when it was besieged taken and sacked by Cortez and it is observed this was the first City in America which defended it self and which suffered under the Spaniards Sword The Province of Jucatan with its chief places described JVCATAN is the last Province of the Audience of Mexico towards the East It is a Peninsula of about 400 Leagues circuit scituate between the Gulphs of Mexico and Honduras The Isthmus which joyns it to the Main Land is not above 25 or 30 Leagues over from whence the Country continues enlarging it self from 50 or 75 Leagues breadth and ends at Cape de Cotoche which regards towards the East Cape St. Anthony in the Isle of Cuba at the distance of 60 and odd Leagues The Coasts of JVCATAN are very much cumbred with little Isles which often prove dangerous for Ships but covered with abundance of Sea-Fowl which those of the Neighbouring and far distant Countries come to chase The Isle of Cozumel The Isle of Cozumel to the East hath formerly been famous for its Idol Cozumel which all the People of the Neighbouring Continent went to adore And it was in this Isle or the Continent near unto it that Baldivius unfortunately saved himself having been Shipwreckt near Jamaica he had taken a little Boat like to those used by Fisher-men The Misfortune that befel Baldivius here wherein going with about 20 of his Men he was brought hither by the Sea but no sooner had he set foot on Land but he and his Men were seized by the Natives who immediately led them to the Temple of their Idols where they presently offered up or sacrificed and ate him and four of his Men and the rest they reserved till another time Among these Aquilar who had seen the Ceremony escaping with some others fled to a Cacique who treated him courteously for many years during which time some died others married in the Country Aquilar in the end was fetched thence by Cortez who was of no small use unto him in his Conquest of Mexico because that he had learned their Tongue The Air of Jucatan The Air of Jucatan is hot the Country hath scarce any Rivers yet wants no Water being supplied every where with Wells within the middle of the Land are to be seen quantity of Scales and Shells of Sea-fish which hath made some believe the Country hath been overflowed What it yieldeth They have scarce any of the Corn or Fruits of Europe but some others of the Country and quantity of wild Beasts principally Stags and wild Bears and among their Fowls Peacocks They have yet found no Gold much less Latten which makes it appear that it is not true that the Spaniards found here Crosses of Latten there being none in all America The Cities of Jucatan are four Merida Valladolid Its Cities Campeche and Salamancha 1. Merida is the Metropolis being the Seat of the Bishop and Governour for Tavasco and Jucatan distant from the Sea on each side 12 Leagues The City is adorned with great and ancient Edifices of Stone with many Figures of Men cut in the Stones and because they were resembling those which are at Merida in Spain that name was given it 2. Valladolid beautified with a very fair Monastery of Franciscans and more than 40 thousand Barbarians under its Jurisdiction 3. Campeche scituate on the shoar of the Gulph a fair City of about Three thousand Houses and adorned with many stately and rich Structures which in 1596 was surprized and pillaged by the English under the Command of Captain Parker who carried away with him the Governour the Riches of the City and many Prisoners besides a great Ship laden with Hony Wax Campeche-Wood and other rich Commodities The Conquest of the Kingdom of Mexico was much easier to the Castilians than that of Peru the Kingdom of Peru being Hereditary and its Ynca's loved and almost adored by their Subjects the Kingdom of Mexico being Elective and its Kings hated if not by those of Mexico yet by all the neighbouring Estates and envied by those might aspire to the Royalty This diversity was the cause that Motezuma died and the City of Mexico taken there was nothing more to do or fear as to that Estate In Peru after the death of Guascar and Atabalipa and some other Ynca's the Spaniards could not believe themselves safe so long as there was any remainder of the Race of these Ynca's which made them under divers pretexts persecute banish and put them to death And so much for Mexico or New Spain The Audience of GUADALAJARA or NEW GALLICIA THE Audience of GVADALAJARA or Kingdom of NEW GALLICIA makes the most Occidental part of New-Spain and contains the Provinces of Guadalajara Xalisco Los Zacatecas Chiametlan Culiacan Its Provinces and New-Biscany some others add Cibola and others likewise California Quivira Anian c. that is the Castilians pretend to extend their Power to the farthest part of this New World The Province of Guadalajara and its Cities described The Province of Guadalajara hath only two Cities or Colonies of Spaniards viz. Guadalajara and Sancta Maria de los Lagos of which the first is the chief of the Province built in 1531 by Nonnez de Guzman after he had finished his Conquest It is the residence of the Kings Treasurers dignified with the Courts of Judicature the See of a Bishop beautified with a fair Cathedral Church a Convent of Augustine Friers and another of Franciscans It is scituate in a pleasant and fruitful Plain and watered with divers Fountains and little Torrents not far from the River Baranja the neighbouring Mountains having furnished them with Materials for their Buildings Santa Maria de los Lagos was built by the same Guzman and made a place of great strength only to hinder the Incursions of the Chichimeques who are a barbarous and untamed sort of People who border upon them towards the North-East who live upon the Spoils of other people harbouring in thick Woods and private Caves for the better obtaining their Prey which said Town keeps them in such awe that they dare not molest them The Air of this Province The Inhabitants