at vvhat time he defended Rhodes from the Turks An. 1409. Their Collar is of fifteen links to shew the fifteen mysteries of the Virgin at the end is the portraiture of our Lady with the history of the Annunciation Instead of a Motto these letters F. E. R. T. id est Fortitudo Ejus Rhodum Tenuit are engraven in every plate or link of the Collar each link being inter-woven one within the other in form of a True-lovers knot The number of the Knights is fourteen besides the Duke who is the Soveraign of the Order the solemnitie is held annually on our Lady-day in the Castle of Saint Peter in Turin So from this victory for every repulse of the besieger is a victory to the besieged there arose a double effect first the institution of this order secondly the assumption of the present Arms of this Dutchy which are G. a Cross A. This being the cross of Saint John of Hierusalem whose Knights at that time vvere owners of the Rhodes Whereas before the Arms vvere Or an Eagle displayed with two heads Sable armed Gules supporting in fesse an escotchion of Saxony that is Barrewise six pieces Sable and Or a Bend flowred Vert. A coat belonging to the Emperors of the house of Saxony from whom the first Earles of Savoy did derive themselves 3. THE SIGNEURIE OF GENEVA GENEVA is a City in the Dukedom of Savoy formerly subject to its own Bishops acknowledging the Dukes of Savoy for the Lord in chief now reckoned as a Free-Estate bordering close upon the Switzers and with them confederate and so more properly within the course and compass of these Alpine Provinces It is situate on the South-side of the Lake Lemane opposite to the City of Lozanne in the Canton of Bern from which it is distant six Dutch miles the River Rhosne having passed thorow the Lake with so clear a colour that it seemeth not at all to mingle with the waters of it running thorow the lower part thereof over which there is a passage by two fair bridges This lower part is seated on a flat or levell the rest on the ascent of an hill the buildings fair and of free-stone well fortified on both sides both by Art and Nature in regard of the pretensions of the Duke of Savoy whom they suffer not to arm any Gallies upon the Lake and other jealousies of State The compass of the whole City is about two miles in which there are supposed to be about sixteen or seventeen thousand soules One of their bridges is more antient and better fortified than the other belonging antiently to the Switzers or Helvetians the old inhabitants of that tract but broken down by Julius Caesar to hinder them from passing that way into France The people of the town are generally of good wits in the managery of publick business but not very courteous towards strangers of whom they exact as much as may be modest and thrifty in apparell and speak for the most part the Savoyard or worst kind of French So that the great resort of young Gentlemen thither is not so much to learn that Language which is no where worse taught as out of an opinion which their parents have that the Reformed Religion is no where so purely practised and professed as there By means whereof the frie or seminarie of our Gentry being seasoned in their youth with Genevan principles have many times proved disaffected to the forms of Government as well Monarchicall as Episcopall which they found established here at home to the great imbroilment of the state in matters of most near concernment The women are sayd to be more chast or at least more reserved than in any other place in the World which possibly may be ascribed to that severity with which they punish all offendors in that kind Dancing by no means tolerated in publick or private Adulterie expiated by no less than death Fornication for the first offence with nine dayes fasting upon bread and water in prison for the second with whipping for the third with banishment But notwithstanding this severity they make love in secret and are as amorous in their daliances as in other places The Territories of it are very small extending not above two Leagues and an half from any part of the Town but the soyl if well manured bringeth Grain of all sorts and great store of Wine There is likewise plenty of pasture and feeding grounds which furnish the City with flesh-meats butter and cheese at very reasonable rates the nearness of the Lake affording them both Fish and Wild-fowl in good measure and amongst others as some say the best Carps in Europe But the main improvement of this State is by the industry of the people and the convenient situation of the City it self the City being situated very well for the trade of Merchandise in regard it is the ordinary passage for transporting Commodities out of Germany to the Marts at Lions and from thence back again to Germany Switzerland and some parts of Italy And for the industry of the people it is discernable in that great store of Armor and Apparell and other necessaries brought from hence yearly by those of Bern and their Mannfactures in Satten Velvet Taffata and some quantities of Cloth fine but not durable transported hence yearly into other places The Soveraignty of this City was antiently in the Earls hereof at first Imperiall Officers only but at last the hereditary Princes of it Betwixt these and the Bishops Suffragans to the Metropolitan of Vienna in Daulphine grew many quarrels for the absolute command hereof In fine the Bishops did obtain of the Emperor Frederick the first that they and their successors should be the sole Princes of Geneva free from all Taxes and not accomptable to any but the Emperor Which notwithstanding the Earls continuing still to molest the Bishops they were fain to call unto their ayd the Earl of Savoy who took upon him first as Protector onely but after by degrees as the Lord in chief For when the rights of the Earls of Geneva by the Mariage of Thomas Earl of Savoy with Beatrix a daughter of these Earls fell into that house then Ame or Amadee the sixt of that name obtained of the Emperor Charles the fourth to be Vicar-generall of the Empire in his own Country and in that right superior to the Bishop in all Temporall matters and Ame or Amadee the first Duke got from Pope Martin to the great prejudice of the Bishops a grant of all the Temporal jurisdiction of it After vvhich time the Bishops were constrained to do homage to the Dukes of Savoy and acknowledge them for their Soveraign Lords the Autority of the Dukes being grown so great notwithstanding that the people were immediately subject to their Bishop onely that the Money in Geneva vvas stamped with the Dukes name and figure Capitall offenders were pardoned by him no sentence of Law executed till his Officers were first made acquainted nor
who after joyned with them in the same confederacy It hath no City nor Town of note The principall of those that be are 1 â—â—anter the place sometimes of the Generall Diets for these Leagues 2 Diserntis where is a very rich Monastery 3 Saint Bernardino situate at the foot of the Mountain Vogel 4 Masox sometimes an Earldom giving name to the Valley of Masoxer-tal 5 Galanckter whence the vale so named inhabited by none but Basket-makers 6 Ruffla situate on the River Muesa near Belinzano on the skirts of Italie 2 The second League is Liga Cadi Dio or the League of the house of God so called because it was the proper Patrimony of the Bishop and Church of Chur and may be called the middle League as being situate between the Upper League on the West and the Lower League upon the East It is the greatest of the three containing twenty one Resorts or Commonalties of which nine lie on this side the tops of the Mountains towards Germany the rest tovvards Italie and yet two onely speak the Dutch the others a corrupt Italian The places of most note are 1 Tintzen the Tinnetio of Antoninus seated amongst high and inaccessible Mountains betvvixt Chur and the Valley of Bergel 2 Mur called Murus by the same Antoninus in the valley of Bergel a Valley extending from the head of the River Maira tovvards Chiavenna one of the. Italian Praefectures 3 Stalla called Bevio by the Italians because the vvay doth in that place divide it self 4 S. Jacomo in the valley of Compoltschin called Travasede by Antoninuâ— 5 Sinnada in the valley of Engadin And 6 Chur by some Coira but more truly Curia so called from the long stay that Constantine the great made here vvith his Court and Army in a War intended against the Germans built aftervvards by some part of his forces vvhich continued here An. 357 about half a Dutch mile from the meeting of the two streams of the Rhene in form triangular the buildings indifferent in themselves but not uniform with one another High on a Hill in one corner of it standeth the Close and therein the Cathedrall Church a stately Edifice but more in accompt of the Natives who have seen no fairer than it is with strangers and near the Church the Bishops Palace and the houses of the Canons all well built and handsomly adorned The Bishop of this City and of all the Country of these Leagues for they received their Bishop and the Faith together An. 489. acknowledgeth the Arch-bishop of Mentz for their Metropolitan is reckoned for a Prince of the Empire and the rightfull Lord both of this City and the whole League but on the introduction of the Reformed Religion which they had from the Switzers and Genevians the Citizens withdrew themselves from their obedience to the Bishop and govern the City in the manner of a Free-state So far conformable to him for their own preservation that as the Bishop and his Canons vvith the rest of this League upon occasion of the wrongs done them by the house of Austria Lords of the neighbouring Tirol joyned in confederacy with the seven first Cantons of the Switzers which was in the year 1498 So did the Citizens of Chur after they had withdrawn themselves from the command of their Bishops concur with them at last in that mutuall League 3 The third League of these Grisons is the Lower League called also Liga Ditture or the League of the ten Jurisdictions situate close upon Tirol in the North-East part of the whole Country Of all the ten two only vvhich are those of Malans and Meienfeld obey the joynt commands of the three Leagues of the Grisons the other eight being subject to the Arch-Duke of Austria under whom they are suffered to enjoy their antient privileges for fear of uniting with the Switzers which hitherto they have not done Only they did unite together in one common League An. 1436 conditioning their mutuall defence against all Enemies preservation of their peace and maintainance of their privileges reserving notwithstanding their obedience to their naturall Lords In which respect and by reason of the interess and society which they have with the rest of the Grisons they are in friendship with the Swisse but in no confederacy City or Walled-town they have none The chief of those they have are 1 Castels the seat of the Governour for the Arch-Duke of Austria 2 Malans and 3 Meienseld both bordering upon the Rhene 4 Tanaas giving name to the first and greatest of the ten Jurisdictions the chief Town of this League in which are held the Generall Diets for the same and vvhere are kept the Miniments and Records which concern their Privileges In this League is the Mountain called Rhaetico-mons by Pomponius Mela but now Prettigower-berg because it is at the end of the valley vvhich the Dutch call Prettigow 4 As for the Italian Praefectures they are eight in number and were given unto the Grisons by Maximilian Sforze Duke of Millain An. 1513. at such time as he gave the like present to the Cantons of Switzerland Of these the first is called Plurs so called from the chief Tovvn of the same name in Latin Plura once seated in a plain at the foot of the Alpes near the River Maira the chief of sundry villages lying in the same bottom now nothing but a deep and bottomless Gulf. For on the 26 of August 1617 an huge Rock falling from the top of the Mountains overwhelmed the Town killed in the twinckling of an eye 1500 people and left no sign or ruin of a Town there standing but in the place thereof a great Lake of some two miles length 2 Chiarama situate in a pleasant vallie so called neer the River Maira and ten Italian miles from the Lake of Come Antoninus calleth it Clavenna and the Dutch Clevener-tal or the valley of Cleven more near unto the antient name 3 The Valtoline Vallis Telina in the Latine a pleasant Valley extending threescore miles in length from the head of the River Aada unto the fall thereof in the Lake of Come the Wines whereof are much commended and frequently transported on this side the Alpes It is divided into six Praefectures according to the names of the principall Towns The chief whereof are 1 Bormio seated near the head of the River Aada 2 Teio the chief Fortress of the whole Valley 3 Sondrio the chief Town and the seat of the Governour or Leiuetenant Generall of the whole Country This Valley lying opportunely for the passage of the King of Spains Forces out of Millain into Germany by the practices and treasons of Rodolfus Planta one of the natives of it and of the Romish Religion was delivered to the Duke of Feria being then Governour of Millain An. 1622 the whole Country brought under the obedience of that King Chur it self forced and taken by them and the Religion of Rome setled in all parts thereof But two years after by the joynt Forces
is of different natures the parts adjoyning to the Weser being desert and barren those towards the Earldomes of Mark and Bergen mountainous and full of woods the Bishoprick of Bremen except towards the Elb full of dry sands heaths and unfruitfull thickets like the wilde parts of Windsor Forrest betwixt Stanes and Fernham In other parts exceeding plentifull of corn and of excellent pasturage stored with great plenty of wilde fruits and by reason of the many woods abundance of Akorns with infinite herds of swine which they breed up with those naturall helps of so good a relish that a Gammon of Wesiphalian Bacon is reckoned for a principall dish at a great mans Table The old inhabitants hereof were the Chauci Majores about Bremen the Chanani Angrivarii and Bructeri inhabiting about Munster Osuaburg and so towards the land of Colen and part of the Cherusci before spoken of taking up those parts which lie nearest unto Brunswick and Lunenbourg All of them vanquished by Drusus the son-in-law of Augusius but soon restored to their former liberty by the great overthrow given by the Cherusci and their associates to Quintilius Varus Afterwards uniting into one name with the French they expulsed the Romans out of Gaul leaving their forsaken and ill-inhabited seats to be taken up by the Saxons with whom the remainders of them did incorporate themselves both in name and nation Of that great body it continued a considerable Member both when a Kingdome and a Dukedome till the proscription and deprivation of Duke Henry the Lyon at what time the parts beyond the Weser were usurped by Barnard Bishop of Paderborn those betwixt the Weser and the Rhene by Philip Archbishop of Colen whose successours still hold the title of Dukes of Westphalen the Bishopricks of Breme Munster Paderborn and Mindaw having been formerly endowed with goodly territories had some accrewments also out of this Estate every one catching hold of that which lay nearest to him But not to make too many subdivisions of it we will divide it onely into these two parts VVestphalen specially so called and 2 the Bishoprick of Bremen In VVESTPHALEN specially so called which is that part hereof which lyeth next to Cleveland the places of most observation are 1 Geseke a town of good repute 2 Brala a village of great beauty 3 Arusberg and 4 Fredeborch honoured with the title of Prefectures 5 VVadenborch 6 Homberg lording it over fair and spacious territories All which with two Lordships and eight Prefectures more dispersed in the Dukedome of Engern and County of Surland belong unto the Bishop of Colen the titulary Duke of VVestphalen and Angrivaria Engern as he stiles himself 7 Mountabour perhaps Mont-Tabor seated in that part hereof which is called VVesterwald a town of consequence belonging to the Elector of Triers 8 Rhenen 9 Schamlat and 10 Beekem reasonable good towns all of the Bishoprick of Munster 11 Munster it self famous for the Treaty and conclusions made upon that treaty for the peace of Germany seated upon the River Ems and so called from a Monastery here founded by Charles the great which gave beginning to the Town supposed to be that Mediolanium which Ptolemy placeth in this tract a beautifull and well fortified City and the See of a Bishop who is also the Temporall Lord of it Famous for the wofull Tragedies here acted by a lawlesse crew of Anabaptists who chose themselves a King that famous Taylor John of Leiden whom they called King of Sion as they named the City New Jerusalem proclaimed a community both of goods and women cut off the heads of all that opposed their doings and after many fanatick and desperate actions by the care and industry of the Bishop and his confederates brought to condigne punishment The Story is to be seen at large in Sleidan and some modern pamphlets wherein as in a Mirrour we may plainly see the face of the present times 12 Osnaburg first built as some say by Julius Caesar as others by the Earls of Engern but neither so ancient as the one nor of so late a standing as the others make it here being an Episcopall See founded by Charles the Great who gave it all the priviledges of an Vniversity Liberally endowed at the first erection of the same and since so well improved both in Power and Patrimony that an alternate succession in it by the Dukes of Brunswick hath been concluded on in the Treaty of Munster as a fit compensation for the Bishoprick of Halberstad otherwise disposed of by that Treaty of late enjoyed wholly by that Family 13 Quakenberg on the River Hase 14 VVarendorp and 15 VVildshusen towns of that Bishoprick 16 Paderborn an Episcopall See also founded by Charles the Great at the first conversion of the Saxons more ancient then strong yet more strong then beautifull 17 Ringelenstein and 18 Ossendorf belonging to the Bishop of Paderborn 19 Minden upon the VVeser another of the Episcopall Sees founded by Charles the Great and by him liberally endowed with a goodly Patrimony converted to lay-uses since the Reformation under colour of Administration of the goods of the Bishoprick and now by the conclusions at Munster setled for ever on the Electors of Brandenbourg with the title of Prince of Minden 20 Rintelin a strong town conveniently seated on the Weser not far from Minden to the Bishop whereof it doth belong Hitherto one would think that Westphalen had formerly been a part of Saint Peters Patrimony belonging wholly to the Clergy but there are some Free Cities and secular Princes which have shares therein as 1 VVarburg a neat town but seated on an uneven piece of ground neer the River Dimula a town which tradeth much in good Ale brewed here and sold in all parts of the Country heretofore a County of it self under the Earls hereof now governed in the nature of a Free Estate and reckoned an Imperiall City 2 Brakel accompted of as Imperiall also 3 Hervâ—rden a town of good strength and note governed by its own Lawes and Magistrates under the protection of Colen 4 Lemgow belonging heretofore to the Earls of Lippe but by them so well priviledged and enfranchised that now it governeth it self as a Free Estate Here is also 5 The town and County of Ravensburg belonging anciently to the Dukes of Cleve and now in the rights of that house to the Elector of Brandenbourg As also 6 the Town and County of Lippe lying on the west side of the VVeser the Pedegree of the Earls whereof some fetch from that Sp. Manlius who defended the Roman Capitol against the Gauâ—s they might as well derive it from the Geese which preserved that Capitol others with greater modestie look no higher for it then to the times of Charls the Great one of the noble Families of the antient Saxons Some other Lords and Earls here are but these most considerable all of them Homagers of the Empire but their acknowledgments hereof little more then titular though not
the shores adjoyning and receiving withall the Law of Mahomet they began to cast off all subjection to the Kings of Siam to whom the sonne and Successor of Pâ—ramisera had submitted his new-raised kingdom and became their Homager Incensed wherewith the Sâ—amite about the year 1500 sent out a Navy of 200 Sail to distress it by Sea and an Army of 30000 men and 400 Elephants to besiege it by land But before he was able to effect any thing hindred by Tempests and the insolencies of some of his Souldiers the Portugals in the year 1511 under the conduct of Albuquerque had possessed themselves of it who built there a Fortress and a Church And though Alodâ—nus the sonne of the expelled King whose name was Mahomet endeavoured the regaining of his Estate and that the Saracens Hollanders and the kings of For and Achen two neighbouring Princes envying the great fortunes of the Portugals have severally and successively laboured to deprive them of it yet they still keep it in defiance of all opposition which hath been hitherto made against them 2. North unto that of Malaca lieth the kingdome of YOR IOR or IOHOR so called of Jor or Johor the chief City of it Inhabited for the most part by Moores or Saracens Mahometanism by their means prevailing on the Natives of the Country also A Kingdom of no great extent but of so much power that joining his Land-forces with the Navy of the King of Achen he besieged Malaca and built a Royall Fort before it in which when taken by Paul de Lima by the defeat of this king were found 900 pieces of brass Ordnance After this picking a quarrel with the king of Pahan he burnt his houses barns provisions and the Suburbs of the City it self but in the course of his affairs was interrupted by the King of Achen one of the Kings in the Isle of Sumatra his old confederate who after 29 daies siege took the City of Jor. What afterwards became of this king or kingdom I am not able to resolve In former times it did acknowlege him of Siam for the Lord in chief 3. More North-ward yet lieth the kingdome of PATANE denominated from Patane the chief City of it but different from Patane in the other India as Cleveland in York-shire from Cleveland in Germany or Holland in the Low-Countries from Holland in Lincoln hire as hath been fully shewn before The City made of wood and Reed but artificially wrought and composed together the Mesquit onely most of the people being Mahometans is built of brick The Chinois make a great part of the Inhabitants of it insomuch that in this small City there are spoke three languages viz. the Chinese used by that people the Malayan or language of Malaca which is that of the Natives and the Siam to the King whereof this small Crown is Feudatary Built of such light stuff and combustible matter it must needs be in great danger of fire and was most miserably burnt in the year 1613 by some Javan Slaves in revenge of the death of some of their Fellows at which time the whole City was consumed with fire the Mesquit the Queens Court and some few houses excepted onely The Country governed of late years by Queens who have been very kind to the English and Hollanders granting them leave to erect their Factories in Patane Not memorable for any great exploit by them performed but that a late Queen a little before that dismall fire offended with the King of Pan or Pahan who had maried her Sister and reigned in a little Iland not farre off she sent against him a Fleet of 70 Sail and 4000 men by which compelled to correspond with her desires he brought his Queen and her children with him to make up the breach 4. The Kingdom of SIAM strictly and specially so called is situate on the main-land the rest before described being in the Chersonese betwixt Camboia on the East Pegu on the West the kingdome of Muantay on the North and the main Ocean on the South The chief Cities of it 1. Socotai memorable for a temple made wholly of mettall 80. spans in height raised by one of the Kings it being the custome of this Country that every king at his first coming to the Crown is to build a Temple which he adorneth with high Sâ—eples and many Idols 2. Quedoa renowned for the best Pepper and for that cause very much frequented by forreign Merchants 3. Tavay upon the Sea-coast where it joineth to Pegu. Whence measuring along the shores till we come to Champa before mentioned being all within the Dominions of the king of Siam not reckoning the Chersonese into this Accompt we have a Seacoastof the length of 600 Leagues 4. Lugor upon the sea-side also neer that little Isthmus which joineth the Cherson se to the land from whence to Malaca is 600 miles sail all along the coast 5. Calantan the head City of a little kingdome but subject to the Crown of Siam 6. Siam the chief City of this part of the kingdome which it giveth this name to A goodly City and very commodiously seated on the River Menam for trade and merchandise So populous and frequented by forreign nations that besides the natives here are said to be thirty thousand housholds of Arabians The Houses of it high built by reason of the Annual deluge during which time they live in the Upper rooms and unto every house a boat for the use of the familie Those of the poorer sort dwell in little sheds made of reed and timber which they remove from place to place for the best convenience of their markets And yet so strong that being besiged by the Tanguan Conqueror then king of Pegu Anno 1567 with an Army of fourteen hundred thousand fighting men for the space of 20 moneths together it resolutely held good against him not gained at last by force but treason one of the Gates being set open to him in the dead time of the right and by that means the City taken The people hereof are thought to be inclining to Christianity but hitherto so ill instructed in the principles of it that they maintain amongst many other strange opinions that after the end of 2000 years from what time I know not the world shall be consumed with fire and that under the ashes of it shall remain two egs out of which shall come one man and one woman who shall people the world anew 5. MVANTAY the last of these Kingdomes lieth betwixt Jangoma and Siam memorable for nothing more then the City of Odia or Vdiâ— the principal of all the Kingdomes of Siam and the usual residence of those Kings Situate on the banks of the River Caâ—pumo and containing in it 400000 Inhabitants of which 50000 are trained to the warres and in continual reâ—diness for prelent service For though this King be Lord of nine several Kingdomes yet he useth none of them in his wars but the naturall Siamites and those of
Corn Wine and most delicate fruits and happily enriched with Meadows and most excellent Pastures which yeeld a notable increase of Cheese and Butter And in the Countrey about Sion they discovered in the year 1544 a Fountain of Salt and have also many hot Bathes and medicinall waters very wholsom Of Springs and River-water they are very destitute having scarce any but what they fetch from the Rhosne vvith a great deal both of charge and trouble the common people using snow-water for the most part for domestick uses which made one pleasantly observe that they pay there dearer for their water than they do for their Wine Cattell they have sufficient to serve their turn and amongst others a wild Buck equall to a Stag in bigness footed like a Goat and horned like a fallow Deer leaping with vvonderfull agility from one precipice to another and so not easily caught but in Summer time for then the heat of that season makes him blind It is divided into the Upper and the Lower Wallisland the Upper lying towards the Mountain de Furcken in the very bottom of the Valley and the Lower stretching out to the Town of Saint Maurice which is at the opening of the same the length of both said to be five ordinary daies journey but the bredth not answerable The Upper Wallisland containeth the seven Resorts of 1 Sion or Sedune 2 Leuck 3 Brig 4 Nies 5 Rawren 6 Sider 7 Gombes in which are reckoned thirty Parishes the Lower comprehending the six Resorts of 1 Gurdis 2 Ardoa 3 Sallien 4 Martinacht 5 Jutremont and 6 Saint Maurice in which are 24 Parishes The people in both parts said to be courteous towards strangers but very rough and churlish towards one another The severall Resorts before mentioned are named according to the names of their principall Towns which according to their reckoning are thirteen in number The chief of which are 1 Sedunum Sittim or Sion a Bishops See suffragan to the Metropolitan of Tarentuise the chief of all this little Country of no great beauty in it self but neat and gallant in respect of the Towns about it Situate in a Plain on the River of Rhosne under a Mountain of tvvo tops on the one of which being the lower is seated the Cathedrall Church and the Canons houses and on the other looking downwards with a dreadfull precipice a very strong Castle the dwelling place of the Bishop in the heats of Summer which being built upon an hill of so great an height and of so hazardous an ascent is impossible almost to be took by force the sharpness of the Rocks keeping it from the danger of assaults and the highness of the hill from the reach of Gun-shot 2 Marchinacht by Caesar called Octodurus and Civitas Valensium by Antoninus remarkable for its antiquity only 3 Saint Maurice or Saint Morits antiently Augaunum the Key of the whole Country but in Winter especially vvhen all the other passages are so frozen up that there is no other entrance but by the Bridge at this Town vvhich for that cause is very well manned and fortified to avoyd surprisall and therefore also chosen for the seat of the Governour of the Lower Wallisland This Country now called Wallisland is in most Latin Writers called by the name of Valesia but corruptly as I think for Valensia as the Dutch or English name for Wallinsland which name I should conceive it took from the Valenses the old inhabitants of this valley of vvhom Octodusus now called Marchinacht is by Antoninus made to be the Metropolis or principall City It was made subject to the Romans by Julius Caesar at such time as the Helvetians were conquered by him and falling with the Western parts of the Roman Empire unto Charles the great was by him given to Theodulus Bishop of Sion An. 805. Under his successors they continue to this very day but so as that the Deputies of the seven Resorts have not only voyces with the Canons in his Election but being chosen and invested into the place they joyn with him also in the Diets for choosing Magistrates redressing grievances and determining matters of the State The Lower Wallisland obeyeth the upper made subject by long War and the chance of Victory and hath no sway at all in the publick Government but takes for Law that which their Governours agree of The same Religion is in both being that of Rome For maintainance whereof they combined themselves with the seven Popish Cantons of Switzerland An. 1572 or thereabouts as also for their mutuall defence and preservation against Forein Enemies and keeping amitie and concord amongst one another 5. SWITZERLAND NExt unto Wallisland lyeth the Country of the SWITZERS having on the East the Grisons and some part of Tirol in Germany on the West the Mountain Jour and the Lake of Geneve which parts it from Savoy and Burgundy on the North Suevia or Scwaben another Province also of the upper Germany and on the South Wallisland and the Alpes which border on the Dukedom of Millain The whole Country heretofore divided into three parts onely that is to say 1 Azgow so called from the River Aaz whose chief Town was Lucern 2 Wislispurgergow so called from Wiflispurg an old Town thereof the chief City whereof is Bern. And 3 Zurichgow so named from Zurich both formerly and at this present the Town of most note in all this Tract but since the falling off of these Countries from the house of Austria divided into many Cantons and other members of which more anon It is wholly in a manner over-grown with craggy Mountains but such as for the most part have grassie tops and in their bottoms afford rich Meadows and nourishing pastures which breed them a great stock of Cattell their greatest wealth And in some places yeelds plenty of very good Wines and a fair increase of Corn also if care and industry be not wanting on the Husband-mans part but neither in so great abundance as to serve all necessary uses which want they doe supply from their neighbouring Countries And though it stand upon as high ground as any in Christendom yet is no place more stored with Rivers and capacious Lakes vvhich doe not onely yeeld them great aboundance of Fish but serve the people very vvell in the vvay of Traffick to disperse their severall Commodities from one Canton to another Of which the principall are Bodensee and the Lake of Cell made by the Rhene Genser see or the Lake of Geneve by the Rhosne Walldstet see and the Lake of Lucern made by the Russe Namonburger and Bieter sees by the Orbe and Zurich see by the River of Limat or Limachus It is in length two hundred and forty miles an hundred and eighty in bredth conceived to be the highest Countrey in Europe as before is sayd the Rivers which do issue from it running thorow all quarters of the same as Rhene thorough France and Belgium North Po thorough Italie to the South
Ireland and all the lessâ—r Ilands became united either to the Crowns of England or Scotland and those two Kingdoms to each other joyned in the person of the same King and the participation of his favours though different still in Lawes and some forms of Government as most of the Estates of Spain at the present time Vnited also in one name the different Appellations of England and Scotland being swallowed up or incorporated rather in that of GREAT BRITAIN which of pleased King James to own for his Stile Imperiall And for a memorie thereof to cause a peece of Gold to be coyned of 20 s. since raised to 22 s. which he called the Vâ—itâ—â— stamped on the one side with his picture and this Inscription JAâ—OBVS D. GR. MAGâ—AE BRITANNIAE FR. ET HIBERNIAE REX and on the other side with his Arms crowned with this Motto FACIAM EOS IN GENIEM VNAM All we have now to doe is to lay down the names of those puissant Princes whom God hath raâ—sed to be The Monarchs of Britain 1602. 1 James the sixth of that name King of the Scots Sonne of Mary Qu. of Scots Daughter of James the 5th the Sonne of James the 4th and of the Lady Margaret eldest Daughter of Henry the 7th of England which Margaret being after maried to Archembald Douglass Earl of Aâ—gus had a Daughter named Margaret also the only Child of her Parents maried to Matthew Stewart Earl of Lennox by whom she was made the mother of Henry Lord Darnley the Father of King â—ames the sixth by the said Mary Queen of Scots So that King Iames descending from the eldest Daughter of Henry the 7th both by Father and Mother on the expiring of the Line of Henry the 8th in the person of Q. Elizabeth of famous memorie was the next heir to the Crown of England and was accordingly with all joyfull acclamations proclamed and acknowledged King in the Citie of London March 24. Anno 1602. according to the Accompt of the Church of England A learned and Religious Prince a true Defender of the Faith a Nursing Father of the Church and a lover of learning He died at Theobalds March 27. 1625. having reigned 23 yeers and four dayes over 1625. 2 Charles second Sonne of King Iames and Anne of Denmark his elder Brother Henry dying long before the 63d King in descent from Cerdick King of the West-Saxons the 45th King of England in descent from Egbâ—rs the 24th from the Norman Conqueror the 64th Monarch of the English and the second Monarch of Britain In the beginning of his reign he maried the Princess Henrietta Maria Daughter to Henry the 4th and Sister to Lewis the 13th French Kings by whom blest with a Royall Issue of Sonnes and Daughters As for the Forces and Revenues of these British Monarchs we cannot put the estimate of them in a better way than by laying together that which hath been delivered of each severall part out of which Items the summa totalis of the whole both in power and treasure will be easily gathered For though these Monarchs never had any occasion to muster and unite the Forces of their severall Kingdoms upon any one Action yet by considering what they have been able to doe divided we may conclude of what they may doe if need be being now united And so we are to do in marshalling the Arms of the British Monarchie which are 1 Quarterly France and England 2 Scotland 3 Ireland the fourth as the first I shut up this discourse of the British Empire with those words of Scripture the Motto of another of King Iames his Coins QVAE DEVS CONJVNXIT NEMO SEPARET And so much for Britain A TABLE Of the Longitude and Latitude of the chief Cities mentioned in this first Book A.  Lon. Lat. Aberdene 22. 20. 57. 20. Alcala de Henares 23. 0. 40. 30. Alicante 28. 40. 39. 0. Almodine 34. 0. 33. 40. Ancona 43. 10. 43. 50. S. Andrewes 22. 10. 56. 20. Angolesme 27. 0. 46. 0. Angiâ—rs 18. 10. 47. 25. Aquilegia 42. 50. 46. 40. Armagh 14. 50. 54. 9. Avero 17. 30. 41. 10. Avignon 23. 40. 43. 50. Aux 22. 40. 43. 40. St. Anderes 22. 20. 43. Aix 22. 20. 42. 10. Arles 22. 45. 43. 20. Amboise 20. 35. 47. 35. B. Badaies 19. 40. 38. 30. Baione 24. 20. 42. 10. Basil 28. 10. 48. 30. Besanson 26. 30. 47. 30. Bilbao 23. 30. 43. 10. Baden in Switzerl 31.  48. 44. Blavet 21. 15. 47. 50. Bononia 35. 50. 43. 33. Brest 20.  48. 50. Bath 20. 56. 51. 20. Bragance 6.  45.  Barwick 22. 43. 55. 48. Barcelone 17. 15. 41. 36. Burdeaux 18.  45. 10. Burges 24. 10. 48. 20. C. Cambridge 23. 25. 52. 11. Calice 26. 2. 52.  Canterburie 24. 50. 51. 16. Cartagena 28. 20. 38. 20. Cane 21.  50.  Carlile 21. 31. 5â— 57. Chester 20. 23. 53. 11. Chichester 26. 10. 51.  Clermont 30. 15. 45. 50. Chur 32.  42.  Corck 15. 40. 41. 40. Corduba 9. 4. 37. 50. Conimbre 5. 45. 40. 19. Compostella 17. 15. 44. 18. Coventrie 25. 52. 52. 23. D. Dieppe 28. 40. 49. 30. Digioâ— 25. 45. 47. Dole 28. 3. 49. 5. Dâ—ver 26. 10. 51.  Dublin 16. 40. 54. 27. Dun-Britton 19. 24. 57. 10. Durham 22.  54. 55. E. Edenburgh 22.  55. 50. Embrun 28.  44.  Elie 25. 20. 52. 40. Exeter 22. 10. 51.  F. Florence 41 10. 43. 40. Ferrara 44.  36.  Fayall   48. 40. G. Geneva 33. 40. 46. 20. Gelway 13. 17. 54. 6. Glocester 19.  53.  Gades 15. 10. 37.  Granada 11.  37. 50. Groine 16. 50. 43. 20. Genoa 37. 50. 45. 0. Grenoble 27.  45. 30. H. S. Hilarie in Guernzey 22. 20. 49. 40. Hull 25. 20. 53. 40. L. Leon 21. 10. 42. 15. Lisbon 9. 10. 38. 38. Lions 23. 15. 45. 10. Lincoln 22. 52. 53. 12. London 23. 25. 5. 34. Luca 42. 10. 40.  Ligorn 40. 20. 43 30. M. Majorca 39. 50. 33.  Malaga 23. 50. 37. 22. Merseilles 24. 30. 43. 10. S. Malo 19.  49.  Medina Caeli 23. 30. 41. 10. Millaine 38. 30. 46. 10. Modena 41. 50. 35. 40. Montpelier 25. 30. 44. 10. Montalban 23.  45.  Messana 45. 50. 37. 50. Minorca 34. 30. 40. 0. N. Naples 46.  39. 30. Nantes 24. 10. 47. 10. Narbon 30. 20. 43. 20. Nevers 25.  47.  Newcastle 22. 30. 54. 57. Nismes 26.  44. 2. Norwich 24. 55. 52. 40. O. Oleron 24. 30. 45. 30. Orleans 28. 30. â—8 0. Orange 26. 20. 43. 20. Oxford 22.  51. 50. Otranto 49. 30. 40. 20. P. Pampelun 24. 30. 43. 3. Paris 23. 30. 48. 40. Pavie 44. 1. 33. 5. Padua 44. 45. 36. 20. Parma 39. 20. 45. 10. Pescara 43. 0. 30. 10. Palerme     Peragia 42. 20. 43. 10. Peter-port in Iarsey 23. 0. 49. 20. Pisa 40. 30. 43.
Switzerland and Denmark Some doe acknowledge a kind of subjection but the Princes of them come not to the Imperiall Diets as the Dukes of Savoy and Lorrain and some of the Italian Potentates Finally some both confesse the Emperour to be their Soveraign and that they owe service to his Courts which are the Princes and Cities of Germany onely but those so priviledged so exempted from his commands so absolute and incontrollable in their own estates that they care little for his power and not much if any thing for his person of which we shall speak more hereafter when we come unto the form of the publick Government In the mean time if we would know by what occasions the Empire became so infeebled it may be said that the reasons and occasions of it have been very many As the first the weaknesse and improvidence of the Caroline race dismembring from it many powerfull and wealthy Provinces reserving onely a bare Homage and some slight acknowledgement 2ly The cunning of the Popes who knowing that they could not wax strong in Italy if they did not weaken the Emperours estate in Germany first wrested out of their hands the Investitre of the Bishops Abbots and other Ecclesiasticall preferments who being now made their owne creatures were so increased both in revenue and power by little and little and fortified with so many immunities that some of them grew in time to be Free Estates all of them Princes of the Empire 3ly But fearing that this might not bring the Emperours low enough they baited them with continuall factions and peâ—petuall broils which put them to a necessity of making what friends they could though they paid very dearly for them and taking up what moneys they could of the wealthier Cities paying them in exemptions and Royall priviledges when they could not otherwise cancel or discharge the debt 4ly And unto this the making the Empire Elective gave no little help few of them looking on the Empire but as Tenants of it for term of life and therefore were more likely to discharge such debts by impairing the Publick Patrimonie which they had no hold in then to diminish any thing of their own estates 5 ly But being the title of Emperour was the greatest honour which any of that Nation could be capable of and such as by good husbandry might be made beneficiall unto their posterity as we see what good uses have been made of it by the Austrian family ever since the time of Rodolph of Habspurg who would not part with some of the Imperiall rights to advance his owne house to an equall greatnesse 6ly A thing which the Electours understood sufficiently and therefore were resolved to make the best of the market knowing that the commodity could be bought of none but themselves as in the Election of Wenceslaus sonne of Charles the 4th of whom it was but ask and have what they had a minde to By these and every of these meanes the Body of the Empire came to be divided into many Estates and those Estates to be made absolute and independent as before is said The principall whereof which being described will make up the Chorographie of this great Continent are those of 1. Cleveland 2. of the Estates of the three spirituall Electors 3. the Palatinate of the Rhene 4. Alsatia 5. Lorrain 6. Suevia or Schwallen 7. Bavaria 8. Austria and its appendixes 9. The confederation of Wederaw 10. Farnconia 11. Wittenberg and 12. Baden 13. the Palatinate of Northgoia or the Vpper Palatinate 14. Bohemia and the incorporate Provinces 15. Pomerania 16. Mâ—cklenberg 17. the Marquisate of Brandenberg 18. Saxonie and the Members of it 19. the Dukedomes of Brunswick and Lunenburg 20. the Lantgravedom of Hassia 21. VVestphalen 22. Eastfriseland Such lesser States as being absolute and free are of lesser moment shall be reduced together with the Imperiall Cities to those severall Provinces in which they are included or out of which they were taken As for the Province of Holstein or Holsatia though it be Imperiall and in which respect by some accounted as a Province of Germany yet being under the command of the King of Denmark and by all Writers reckoned as a part of that Kingdom I shall there speak of it Some of these are thus censured by Aubanus a late writer They of Suevia saith hee are whores they of Franconia Ravishers and Buggers they of Bohemia Heretiques those of Bavaria Theeves they of Saxony Drunkards they of Friseland and Westphalia Swearers and they of the Palatinate Gluttons But I hope more charitably of them all then so I know there is another division of this Countrey made by the Emperour Maximilian at the Diet of Colen anno 1522. who for the better raising both of men and money for all Publick services caused it to be divided into the ten Circles of 1. Lower Saxony 2. Vpper Saxony 3. VVestphalia 4. of the Rhene 5. of the four Electours of that part 6. Franconia 7. Suevia 8. Bavaria 9. Austria and 10. Burgundie But that before proposed being the more particular I shall follow that according to the order before laid down beginning first with those which together with the Belgick Provinces and the Dukedome of Lorrain contained antiently the Provinces of Belgica and Germania prima and some part of Germania secunda and made up the Kingdome of Austrasia strictly and specially so called CLEVELAND CLEVELAND or the Estates of the Duke of Cleve before dismembred and divided betwixt the Competitors for the Dukedome on the death of the last Duke hereof anno 1609. contained the Dukedomes of Clâ—ve Gulick and Berg and the Earldome of Mark or March all lying in a ring together And though these two last lye on the other side of the Rhene and so not properly within the old prccincts of the Kingdome of Lorrain or any of the Roman Provinces before named yet being they belonged all to the same Prince not parted by the interposition of other Countries they shall be handled here together as the same Estate 1. The Dukedome of CLEVF properly and distinctly so called hath on the East the Countries of Mark and Berg with some part of VVestphalen on the West Guelderland and some part of Limbourg on the North the Earldome of Zutphen and the land of Overyssell and on the South Gulick and the land of Colen So called from Cleve the chief town of it The Countrey very fruitfull both for Corn and pasturage well stocked with Cattell of all sorts for necessarie use and pleasure good store of Fowle both tame and wilde blessed also with an healthy air and in a word with all things needfull for the life of man well watered with the Rhener the Roer the Dussell the Ezfat and the Nirsi common to this and the rest of the incorporate Provinces Places of most importance in it are first Cleve in Latine Clivia so called because built on the sides of three little hils which the Latines call Clivi gently
with a See Episcopall 3 Verdun an antient Episcopall See also the Civitas Verodonensiam of Antoninus seated on the Meuse or Maes the Bishop whereof as also those of Mets and Toul being the onely ones of this Countrey of Lorrain acknowledge the Archbishops of Triers for their Metropolitan All of them in the number heretofore of Imperiall Cities possessed of large and goodly territories and of great revenue but taken by the French King Henry the second anno 1552. during the wars between Charles the fift and the Protestant Princes of Germany under colour of aiding them against the Emperour And though Charles tryed all wayes to recover them to the Empire againe and to that end maintained a long and desperate siege against the City of Mets yet was the Town so gallantly defended by the Duke of Guise that he was fain to raise his siege and goe off with dishonour Since that they have been alwayes under the subjection of France a Parliament being erected at Mets for the ease of the people as in other Provinces of that Kingdome Of such Towns as immediately belonged to the Duke of Lorrain the principall are Nancey not great but of a pleasant and commodious site well watered by the river Meurte or Marta and fortified better then before in the year 1587. on occasion of a great Army of the Germans passing into France to aid the Protestants most commonly the Dukes seat and famous for the discomfiture which Charles Duke of Burgundy here suffered with the losse of his life 2. St Nâ—câ—las a town so populous well seated and neatly built that were it walled it would hardly yeeld preceedency to Nancie It took name from the body of Saint Nicolas here buryed whose reliques have purchased no small reputation and riches to this town 3 Vaucoleur the birth-place of Joane the Virgin to whose miracles and valour the French attribute the delivery of their countrey from the power of the English but being at last taken prisoner she was by the Duke of Bedford then Regent of France condemned and burned for a Witch Of which crime I for my part doe conceive her free Nor can I otherwise conceive of her and her brave exploits then of a lusty lasse of Lorrain tutored and trained up by the practise of the Earl of Dunois commonly called the Bastard of Orleans and so presented to Charles the seventh French King as if sent immediately from Heaven A project carryed on of purpose as the most intelligent of the French writers say Pour fair revenir la courage aux Francois to revive the drooping spirits of the beaten French not to bee raised againe but by help of a miracle Upon the sight of her Statua on the bridge of Orleans a friend of mine did adventure on a copy of verses in her commendation too long to be inserted here but they ended thus She di'd a Virgin 'T was because the earth Bred not a man whose valour and whose birth Might merit such a blessing But above The Gods provided her an equall Love And gave her to Saint Denys She with him Protects the Lilies and their Diadem You then about whose Armies she doth watch Give her the honour due unto her match And when in field your standards you advance Cry loud Saint Denys and Saint Joan for France Townes of lesse note are 4 Pâ—nt a Moson so called from a bridge on the River Moson with a small University 5 Vandemont which gave a title of an Earl to a younger branch of the house of Lorrain 6 Neauf-Chatteau on the edge of the Countrey towards Barrois 7 Amance seven leagues on the South of Mets sometimes the Chancery of Lorrain 8 Riche Court neer the Lake called Garde-lake out of which floweth a River which runs into the Meurte 9 La Mothe seated on a River which fals presently into the Moselle 10 Churmes the place of treaty between the Duke of Lorrain and the Cardinall of Richelieu the result whereof was the surrender of the town of Nancie and by consequence of all the Dukedome into the hands of the French Septemb. 1633. Of lesse note there are 1 Saint Die 2 Saint Hippolit 3 Bouquenon and 4 Saverden the first towns of this Dukedome taken by the Swedes anno 1633. in the warre against Lorrain 5 Saint Miel 6 Oden-Chasteau 7 Mirecour all taken the same yeere by the French in the prosecution of that war before the treaty at Charmes 8 Romberville 9 Espinul 10 Gerbrevillier c. The old Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Mediomatrices and the Leuci spoken of before together with the Vindonenses all of them conquered by the Romans under whom this Countrey and the District of Triers made up the whole Province of Belgica Prima From them being taken by the French with the rest of Gaule it was made a Kingdome the Provinces of Germania Prima Secunda containing all the parts of Germany before described and so much of the Netherlands as lye on the Westside of the Rhene being added to it called first from the Eastern situation by the name of Austenreic or Austrasia the portion of Theodorick the fourth sonne of Clovis the first Christian King of the French from the chief City of his Kingdome called the King of Mets whose successours follow in this order The KINGS of AVSTRASIA or METS 514 1 Theodorick the base sonne of Clovis the Great vanquished the Turingians and extended his Kingdome as far as Hassia and Turingia as we call them now 537 2 Theodebert the sonne of Theodorick repulsed the Danes infesting the coasts of the Lower Germany and added Provence taken from the Gothes of Italy unto his Estates 548 3 Theobaldus the sonne of Theodebert subdued the Almans and added much of their Countrey to his own Dominions 555 4 Clotaire King of Soissons the youngest sonne of Clovis the Great succeeded Theobald in this Kingdome as afterwards his brother Childebert in the Realm of France anno 560. uniting in his person the whole French Dominion 565 5 Sigebert the sonne of Clotaire vanquished the Hunnes then falling into his Estates killed in his Tent by the practises of Fredegond the wife of Chilperick King of France 577 6 Childebert the sonne of Sigebert successour to his Uncle Guntrum in the Realm of Orleans 598 7 Theodebert the II. the sonne of Childebert vanquished and outed of his Kingdome by Clotaire the second of France from whose eldest sonne Sigebert descended the illustrious family of the Earls of Habsburg 617 8 Clotaire the II. King of France on the death of Theodebert King of Austrasia and his brother Theodorick King of Orleans the sole King of the French 9 Dagobert in the life of his Father King of Mets or Austrasia whom he succeeded at his death in the Realm of France 645 10 Sigebert II. the eldest son of Dagobert made choise of this kingdome for his part of the whole French Empire therein preferring it to West-France or France it self which he left to Clovis the 2.
Leck Other places of note in this Bishoprick are 2 Wormsted beautified with a fair Castle not far from Magdeburg the ordinary seat or retiring place of the Bishop 3. Grabatz upon the River Struma 4 Mockern on the same River 5 Barleben beneath Meydberg on the Elb. 6 Lunburg betwixt the Elb and the Struma not much observable The Archiepiscopall See being translated hither from Valersleve and Vrese places too obscure for so great a dignity by Otho the first and by him endowed with great Revenues and a goodly territory round about it the Arch-bishop hereof was also by his procurement made the Primate of Germany acknowledged so by all but the Bishop of Saltzburg and the three Spirituall Electors For the Administration of Justice in matters Criminall and Civill the said Otho did ordain an Officer whom they called the Burgrave conferring that office first on Gero Marquesse of Lusatia Through many hands it came at last to Burchard Lord of Quernfort and the Earls of Mansfield many of which enjoyed this honour setled at last by the Emperour Rodolphus of Habspurg on the Dukes of Saxony who by this means came to have great command and influence on the whole Estate The Archbishops notwithstanding continued Lords of it and the whole territory or district adjoyning to it till the Reformation of Religion when the Revenues separated from the jurisdiction were given to Lay Princes for the most part of the house of Brandenbourg with the title of Administrator Finally by the Pacification made at Munster this fair estate is to be setled for ever on the Electors of that house to be possessed by them and their Heires and Successours by the title of the Dukes of Magdeburg the better to content them for the concession which they made to the Crown of Sweden of a great part of their right and title to the Dukedome of Pomeren SAXONIE most specially so called the fourth and last part of this Division stretcheth it self along the Elb betwixt Magdeburg and Meisson of the same nature in regard both of soil and air as is said before Places of most importance in it are 1 Torge or Torgow by some placed in Misnia but by Mercator in this Province Built on the west side of the Elb in form Orbicular and falling every way from the sides of a mountain beautified with a stately and pleasant Castle belonging to the Elector of Saxony who is Lord hereof built by John-Frederick the Elector anno 1535. Near to the City is a Lake of a mile in compasse for which the Citizens pay yeerly to the Duke 500 Guldens 2 Warlitz upon the Elb once a Commandery of the Templars 3 Weisenberck lying towards Brunswick 4 Kemberg on the west side of the Elb. 5 Bitterfelt betwixt the Elb and the Mulda and 6 Wittenberg on the Elb in an open plain but strongly fenced with walls ramparts and deep ditches The chief beauty of it lyeth in one fair street extending the whole length of the City in the midst whereof is the Cathedrall Church a large Market-place and the common Councell-house In former times the seats of the Dukes Electors till the Electorall dignity was conferred on the house of Meissen who liking better their own Country kept their Courts at Dresden But so that Wittenberg is still acknowledged for the head City of the Electorate and was made an University for Divines by Duke Frederick anno 1508. It was called Wittenberg as some conjecture from Wittikindus once Lord of Saxony when the extent thereof was greatest famous for the sepulchres of Luther and Melanchthon but chiefly for that here were the walls of Popery broken down and the reformation of the Church begun by the zeal and diligence of Martin Luther the story of which reformation so by him begun I shall here sub-joyn This Luther as before is said was born at Isleben in the Country of Mansfield and student first at Magdeburg but at the establishing of the University of Wittenberg chosen to be one of the Professours of Divinity there It happened in the yeer 1516 that Pope Leo having need of money sent about his Jubilees and Pardons against the abuses of which Luther inveighed both privately and publickly by word and writing This spark grew at last to so great a coal that it fired the Papall Monarchy Of the success of his endevours we have spoke already We shall look here upon the difficulties which the Cause passed through before it could be blessed with a publick settlement Concerning which we are to know that the Princes of Germany and many of the Free Cities had embraced his doctrine and in the Imperiall Chamber at Spires solemnly professed they would defend it to the death hence were they first called Protestants Nor stayed they there but made a solemn League and Combination at Smalcald spoken of before for defence thereof and of each other in the exercise and profession of it Yet was not this Reformation so easily established Christ had foretold that Fathers should be against their Sonnes and Brothers against Brothers for the truths sake neither doe we ever finde in any story that the true Religion was introduced or Religion corrupted about to be amended without warre and bloud-shed Charles the Emperour whetted on by the Popes of Rome had long born a grudge against the Reformation but especially against the confederacy of Smalcald After long heart burning on either side they broke out into open warâ—e which at first succeeded luckily with the Princes But there being an equality of command between John Frederick the Elector of Saxony and Philip the Lantgrave of Hassia one sometimes not approving other whiles thwarting the others projects the end proved not answerable Besides the politick Emperour alwayes eschewed all occasions of battell and by this delay wearied out this Army of the Princes which without performing any notable exploit disbanded it self every man hastning home to defend his own The Duke of Saxony had most cause to hasten homeward For in his absence his cousin Maurice forgetting the education he had under him and how formerly the Duke had conquered for him and estated him in the Province of Misnia combined himself with the Emperour and invaded his unckles County But the Duke Electour not onely recovered his own but subdued all the Estates in which he had formerly placed his ungratefull and ambitious kinsman The Emperour all this while was not idle but waited advantage to encounter the Duke which at last he found nigh unto Mulberg where the Duke was hearing a Sermon The Emperour giveth the Alarum the Duke startling from his religious exercise seeketh to order his men but in vain For they supposing the Emperour to be nearer with all his forces then indeed he was adde the wings of fear to the feet of cowardise and flie away yet did the Duke with a few resolute Gentlemen as well as they could make head against the enemy till most of them were slain and the Duke himself taken Prisoner The
accordingly Recovering once again both her riches and beauties she became a confederate of the Romans in the growth of their fortunes endued by them with the privileges of their City for her great fidelity Made in the best times of Christianity the Metropolitan See for the Province of Phoenicia the Bishop hereof having under him fourteen Suffragan Bishops Subjected to the Saracens in the year six hundred thirty and six and having groaned under that yoke for the space of fourhundred eighty and eight years was at the last regained by Guarâ—mund Patriarck of Hierusalem in the Reign of the second Baldwin the Venetians contributing their assistance in it Anno 1124. In vain attempted afterwards by victorious Saladine but finally brought under the Turkish thraldome Anno 1289. as it still continueth Now nothing but an heap of ruines but the very ruines of it of so fair a prospect as striketh both pity and amazement into the beholders shewing them an exemplary pattern of our humane frailty Subject at the present to the Emir or Prince of Sidon and beautified with a goodly and capacious Haven one of the best of the Levant but of no great trading 3. Sarepta by the Hebrews called Sarphath situate on the Sea-Coast betwixt Tyre and Sidon Memorable in holy writ for the miracle here performed by the Prophet Elijah in raising the poor Widows Sonne in Heathen writers for the purest Wines little inferiour unto those of Falernum in Italy or Chios in Greece Of which thus the Poet. Vina mihi non sunt Gazetica Chia Falerna Quaque Sareptano palmite missa bib as In English thus I have no Chian or Falernian wines Nor those of Gazas or Sarept as vines 4. Sidoâ— the antientest City of all Phoenicia and the most Nothern of all those which were assigned for the portion of the sonnes of Aser beyond which the Countrey of Phoenicia having been hitherto nothing but a bare Sea-coast beginneth to open towards the East in a fine rich vally having Libanus upon the North and the Anti-Libanus on the South once closed up from the rest of Syria with a very strong wall long since demolished It was so called from Zidon one of the sonnes of Canaan who first planted here not as some say from Sida the daughter of Belus once a King hereof this City being mentioned in the Book of Josuah when no such Belus was in being Situate in a fertile and delightful soyl defended with the Sea on one side and on the other by the Mountains lying betwixt it Libanus from whence descended those many Springs with which they watered and enriched their most pleasant Orchards The Inhabitants hereof are said to be the first makers of Christall Glass the materials of the work brought hither from the Sands of a River running not far from Ptolomais and onely made fusible in this City And from hence Solomon and Zorobabel had their principall workmen both for Stone and Timber in their severall buildings of the Temple The People hereof so flourishing in Arts and Trades that the Prophet Zechariah chap. 9. v. 2. calleth them the wise Sidonians A City which at severall times was both the Mother and Daughter of Tyre the Mother of it in the times of Heathenism Tyre being a Colony of this People and the Daughter of it when instructed in the Christian faith acknowledging the Church of Tyre for its Mother-Church The City in those times very strong both by Art and Nature having on the North-side a Fort or Citadell mounted on an inaccessible Rock and invironed on all sides by the Sea which when it was brought under the command of the Western Christians was held by the Order of the Duch Knights and another on the South-side of the Port which the Templars guarded Won by the Turks with the rest of this Countrey from the Christians and ruined by those often interchanges of fortune it onely sheweth now some markes of the antient greatness the present Sidon standing somewhat West of the old and having little worth a particular description The Haven decayed or serving at the best for Gallies with a poor Block-house rather for shew than service the walls of no greater strength and as little beauty and the buildings ordinary but that the Mosque the Bannia of Bathes and the Cane for Merchants are somewhat fairer than the rest yet gives a title at this time to the Emir of Sidon one of the greatest Princes of all this Countrey of whom more hereafter 5. Berytus originally called Geris from Gergeâ—hi the fift Sonne of Canaan took this new name from Berith a Phoaenician Idol herein worshipped and now called Barutti Destroyed by Tryphon in the warres of the Syrians against the Jews it was re-edified by the Romans by whom made a Colonie and honoured with the name of Julia Felix Augustus giving it the Privileges of the City of Rome By Herod and Agrippa Kings of the Jews much adorned and beautified and of no mean esteem in the time of the Christians when made an Episcopall See under the Metropolitan of Tyre Being a place of no great strength nor aimed at by every new Invader it hath sped better than the rest of these Cities though stronger than this retaining still her being though not all her beauties well stored with merchandize and well frequented by the Merchant Nigh to this Town is a fair and fruitful Valley which they call Saint Georges in which there is a Castle and in that an Oratory of the same name also All sacred to Saint George the Martyr who hereabouts is fabled to have killed the Dragon and thereby delivered a Kings daughter but what Kings I know not nor they neither 6. Biblis sometimes the habitation of Hevi the fourth Sonne of Canaan and then called Hevaea afterwards made the Regal Seat of Cinyras Father and Grand father of Adonis by his Daughter Myrrha whereof we have already spoken when we were in Cyprus Of such esteem in the Primitive times of Christianity that it was made a Bishops See desolate and of no repute since it lost that honour and became thrall unto the Turks 7. Orthosia called also Antaradus because opposite to Aradus another old City of this tract but in after ages called Tortosa and by that name well known in the Histories of the Holy Warre undertaken by the Western Christians To whom it made such stout and notable resistance that though besieged on all sides with united forces the whole Army formerly divided sitting down before it yet after three monâ—ths hard siege they were fain to leave the Town behind them and content themselves with spoiling the adjoining Country 8. Tripolis seated in a tich and delightful plain more fruitful than can be imagined one of which fruits they called by the name of Amazza Franchi i.e. Kill-Frank because the Western Christians whom they call by the name of French died in great numbers by the intemperate eating of them A Valley which is said to have yielded yearly to the Counts
Prophets as in our Saviours time with that of Mary the mother of John Mark mentioned acts 15. 37. converted to a Church by the Primitive Christians the Western part whereof was wholly taken up by the Palace of Herod a wicked but magnificent Prince for cost excessive and for strength invincible containing gardens groves fish-ponds places devised for pleasure besides those for exercise Fortified with three Towers at the Corners of it that on the South-East of the wall 50 Cubiâ—s high of excellent workmanship called Mariamnes Tower in memory of his beloved but insolent wife rashly murdered by him Opposite to which on the South-West corner stood the Tower of Phaseolus so called by the name of his brother 70 Cubits high and in form resembling that so much celebrated Aegyptian Phtros and on the North Wall on an high hill the Tower of Hippick exceeding both the rest in height by 14 Cubits and having on the top two Spires in memory of the two Hippâ—er his very dear friends slain in his service by the wars 2. On the South-side stood that part which was called the Old City possessed if not built by the Iebu 〈◊〉 and therein both the Mountain and Fort of Sion but after called the City of David because taken by him who thereon built a strong and magnificent Castle the Royall Court and Mansion of the Kings succeding In the West part hereof stood the Tower of David a double Palace built by Herod the one part whereof he named Agrippa and the other Coesar composed of Marble and every where enterlaid with gold and not far off the house of Annas and Caiaphas to which the Conspirators led our Saviour to receive his tryall 3. That which was called the Lower City because it had more in it of the Valley was also called the Daughter of Sion because built after it in majesty and greatness did exceed the Mother For therein upon Mount Moriah stood the Temple of Solomon whereof more anon and betwixt it and Mount Zion on another hill the Palace which he built for his Wife the Daughter of Aegypt and that which he founded for himself from which by an high Bridge he had a way unto the Temple West hereof on a losty rock overlooking the City stood the Royall Palace of the Princes of the Maccaboeans re-edified and dwelt in by King Agripoa though of Herod race and not far off the Theater of Herods building adorned with admirall pictures expressing the many victories and triumphs of Augustus Coesar In this part also stood Mount Aâ—ra and on that once a Citadell built by Antiochus King of Syria but razed by Simon one of the Maccaboean Brothers because it overtopped the Temple the house of Helena Queen of Adiabâ—ne who converted from Paganism to Indaism had here her dwelling and here died and finally Herods Amphitheatre capacious enough to contain 80000 people whom he entertained sometime with such shews and spectacles as were in use amongst the Romans And in this part also on an high and craggy rock not far from the Temple stood the Tower of Baris whereon the same Herod built a strong and impregnable Citadell in honour of Marc. Antonie whose Creature he first was called by the name of Antonius having a fair and large Tower at every corner two of them 50. Cubits high and the other 70. afterwards garrisoned by the Romans for fear the Jews presuming on the strengen of the Temple might take occasion to rebel 4. As for the New City which lay North to the City of Herod it was once a Suburb onely unto all the rest inhabited by none but mechanicall persons and the meanest trades-men but after incompassed by Agrippa with a wall of 25 Cubits high and fortified with ninety Turrets The whole City fenced with a wonderfull circumvallation on all parts thereof having a Ditch cut out of the main Rock as Iosephus an eye-witness writeth sixty foot deep and no less than two hundred and fifty foot in bredth First built say some by Melghisedech the King of Salem by the Jebusites themselves say others by whomsoever built called at first Jebusalem afterwards Jerusalem with the change of one letter only inlarged in time when made the Royall seat of the house of David to the Magnificence and greatness before described â—â— it attained unto the compass of sixty furlongs or seven miles and an half Unconquered for the first four hundred years after the entrance of the Children of Israel and when David attempted it the people presumed so much on the strength of the place that they told him in the way of scorn that the blâ—nd and the lame which they had amongst them as the Text is generally expounded should defend it against him But as I think the late learned Mr. Gregory of Christ-church in Oxon hath found out a more likely meaning of the Text than this who telleth us that the Jubesites by the blind and lame as they knew well the Israeliâ—es called blind and lame did understand those Tutelar Idols on whose protection they relied as the 〈◊〉 did on their Palladium for defence thereof and then the meaning must be this those Gods whom you of Israel call blind and lame shall defend our Walls Why else should David say had they meant it literally that his soul hated the lame and the blind 2. Sam. 5. 8. or why should the People of Israel be so uncharitable as to say that the blind and lame should not come into the House or Temple of God were it meant no otherwise But notwithstanding these vain hopes the Town was carried under the conduct of Joab that fortunate and couragious leader and made the Royal seat of the Kings of Judah Proceed we now unto the Temple built by Solomon in providing the materials whereof there were in Lebanon 30000 workmen which wrought by the ten thousand every moneth 70000 Labourers which carried burdens 80000 Quarry-men that hewed stones in the Mountains and of Officers and Overseers of the work no lesse then 3300 men The description of this Stately Fabrick we have in the first of Kings cap. 6. 7. In the year of the world 2350 it was destroyed by Nabuchadzezzar at the taking of Hierusalem rebuilt again after the return from the Captivity but with such opposition of the Samaritans that the Workmen were fain to hold their Tooles in one hand and their swords in the other to repulse if need were those malicious enemies But yet this Temple was not answerable to the magnificence of the former so that the Prophet Haggi had good occasion to say to the People cap. 2. ver 3. Who is lâ—ft among you that saw this house in her first glory is it not in your eyes as nothing in comparison of it Nor fell it short thereof onely in the outward structure but some inward Additaments For it wanted 1. The Pot of Mannah which the Lord commanded Moses to lay up before the Testimony for a Memorial Exod. 16. 32. c. 2. The
fift on what day soever for on that he came into the world in that he took K. Francis Prisoner at the battel of Pavâ—e and on the same received the Imperial Crown But to return unto the Temple we find that on the Sabbath or Saturday it was taken by Pampey on the same by Herod and on that also by Titus But goe we forwards to Hierusalem as now it standeth it lay in rubbish and unbuilt after the destruction of it by Titus till repaired by Adrian and then the Temple not so much as thought of till out of an ungodly policy in the Reign of Julian that Politick Enemy of the Church who to diminish the infinite number of Christians by the increase of the Jews began again to build this Temple But no sooner were the foundations laid but a terrible Earth-quake cast them up again and fire from Heaven consumed the Tools of the Workmen together with the Stones Timber and other materials As for the City it self after the desolation in it which was made by Titus it was re-edified by the Emperour Aelius Adrianus who named it Aelia drave thence the Jews and gave it to the Christians But this new City was not built in the place of the old For within this Mount Calvary is comprehended which was not in the Old before As on the other side a great part of Mount Sion part of the City of Herod and the Soyl where the New City stood are left out of this the ruines of the other still remaining visible to shew the antient greatness and magnificence of it To look upon it then as it stands at present it is now onely famous for the Temple of the Sepulchre built by Helena whom most report to have been daughter to Corlus a British King Mother to Constantine the great Much a doe had the good Lady to find the place where the LORDS body had been laid for the Jews and Heathens had raised great hillocks on the place and built there a Temple of Venus This Temple being plucked down and the earth dâ—gged away she found the three Crosses whereon our blessed Saviour and the two Theeves had suffered To know which of these was the right Cross they were all carried to a woman who had been long visited with sickness and now lay at the point of death The Crosses of the two Theeves did the weak woman no good but as soon as they laid on her the Cross on which the Lord died she leaped up and was restored to her former health This Temple of the Sepuâ—chre even at the first building was highly reverenced and esteemed by the Christians of these parts and even untill our daies it is much resorted to both by Pilgrims from all the parts of the Romish Church who fondly and superstitiously hope to merit by their journey and also by divers Gentlemen of the reformed Churches who travell hitherward partly for curiosity partly for love to the antiquity of the place and partly because their generous spirits imitate the heaven and delight in motion Whosoever is admitted to the sight of this Sepulchre payeth nine crowns to the Turkish Officers so that this â—ribute onely is worth to the Grand Signeur eighty thousand Duckats yearly The other building generally very mean and poor if not contemptible Built of flint stones Low and but one rock high flat on the tops for men to walk on and fenced with battlements of a yard in hight to preserve them from falling the under-rooms no better than vaults where they repose themselves in the heat of the day Some houses neer the Temple of Solomon and the Palace of Herod adorned with Arches toward the Street where the passenger may walk dry in a showr of rain but not many such nor any thing but the ruins left of the antient buildings The whole circuit of it reduced to two or three miles and yet to those which take a survey thereof from some hills adjoining where the ruines are not well discerned from the standing edifices it affordeth to the eye no unpleasing prospect And as the place is such is the people inhabited for the most part by Artizans of the meanest quality gathered together of the scumme of divers Nations the greatest part consisting of Moores and Arabians a few poor Christians of all the Orientall Sects which dwell there for devotion and some Turks who for the profit which they make of Christians are content to stay in it Insomuch that when Robert Duke of Normandy being then not cured of his wounds and was carried into this City on the backs of some of this rascal people he called to a Gentleman of his who was going for England and bad him say that he saw Duke Robert carried into Heaven on the backs of devils Come we now to the Tribe of LEVI though indeed not reckoned for a Tribe because not planted close together as the other were nor had whole Provinces to themselves but mingled and dispersed amongst the rest of the people having forty eight Cities assigned them for their habitation proportionably taken out of the other Tribes So was it ordered by the Lord partly that they being set apart for his Service might be at hand in every place to instruct the People and partly to fulfill the Prophecy which he had spoken by Jacob who had fore-signified to Levi at the time of his death that he should be divided in Jacob and scattered in Israel The like fortune he had prophesied of Simeon also of the accomplishment whereof so far as it refered to him and the dispersion of his Tribe we have spoken before Now to make up the number of the twelve Tribes Joseph was divided into Ephraim and Manasses and the Levites were reckoned to belong unto that Tribe within whose territorie that City which they dwelt in stood Their maintenance was from the tenths or tithes the first fruits offerings and Sacrifices of the People and as it is in the eighteenth of Joshua v. the seventeenth The Priesthood of the Lord was their inheritance There were of them four kinds 1. Punies or Tirones which from their childhood till the five and twentieth year of their age learned the duty of their offices 2. Graduates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which having spent four years in the study of the Law were able to answer and oppose in it 3. Licenciates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which did actually exercise the Priestly function And 4. Doctors Rabbins they use to call them who were the highest in degree For maintenance of whom they had as before is said the Tithes first fruits and offerings of all the rest of the People besides the 48 Cities assigned for their habitation which last with the severall territories appertaining to them extending every way for the space of two thousand Cubits seems to have been a greater proportion of it self than any of the other Tribes with reference to the small number of the Levites had in their possessions Then for the Tithes
unto Edom whom he overcame and put Garrisons into all their Cities and the Edomites became his servants Governed from thenceforth by a Deputy or Vice-Roy as is said before till the time of Joram the Son of Jehosophat King of Judah in whose Reign they revolted as before was said Never regained to that Crown and but twice endeavoured that so the word of God might be all in all Onely the Simeonites in the reign of Hezekiah wanting pasture for their cattel and room for themselves seized on the parts which lay neerest to them destroyed the inhabitants thereof and dwelt in their habitations because there was pasture for their flocks 1. Chron. 4. 39. Provoked wherewith and with the natural Antipathy which was between them No people were more mischievously bent against Judah than these Edomites were no men so forward of themselves to assist Nabuchadonosor against Hierusalem none that so vehemently cryed Down with it down unto the ground none half so ready to set fire to the holy Temple But they got little by this service to the Babylonians their own thraldome following close upon that of Judah with whom made fellow-subjects to the Chaldaeans as afterwards to the Persians and Kings of Syria of the race of Seleucus In the declining of that house subdued by Hyrcanus the Son of Simon the fourth of the Maccabaean Princes by whom they were compelled to be Circumcised and to receive the Law of Moses not onely reckoned after that as a Province of the Jewish Kingdome but as naturall Jews Which notwithstanding and that the setting of that Crown on the head of Herod and his house being originally Idumaenus might in all reason have extinguished their inveterate malice yet was their hatred of that Nation as great as ever Forgetting therefore how they had been rewatded by the Babylonians they would needs aid the Romans against them also putting themselves into Hierusalem when besieged by Titus onely of purpose to betray it joyning with the seditious there doing more mischief in the City than the enemy had done without and finally setting fire to the second Temple as they had done unto the first Subjected afterwards by the Romans they followed the same fortune with the rest of Palestine Having thus gon through with the story of those neighbouring Nations which encompassed Canaan it will be seasonable to look on the affairs of the Canaanites first and after of the house of Jacob who possessed their Countrey First for the Canaanites they descended from Canaan the son of Cham who with his eleven sons were here setled immediatly after the confusion at Babel Of those twelve taking in the Father five planted in Phoenicia and the coasts of Syria that is to say Sidon Harki Arvadi Semari and Hamathi the other seven in those parts which we now call Palestine though not all of that the Edomites Moabites Midianites Ammonites and Ituraeans being Occupants or Tenants with them And of those seven came those seven Nations which by Gods appointment were totally to be rooted out viz. the Canaanites the Amorites the Hittites the Iebusites the Hivites the Gergeshites and the Perizites But from which of the sons of Canaan these last descended is not yet agreed on unless perhaps they were descended of the Sinites not otherwise reckoned in this muster and got the name of Perizites on some new occasion Governed at first by the Chiefest of their severall Families with the names of Kings the number of which increased as their Families were subdivided into smaller branches insomuch as Iosuah found 31 Kings of the Cannanites onely besides what might descend from those who were setled in Phoenicia and the borders of Syria The most potent of those Nations were the Amorites the Iebusites and the Chanaanites properly so called Of which the Amorites had not onely inlarged their borders beyond Iordan but in the reigns of Og and Sihon ruling at the same time in their severall parts had thrust the Ituraeans Ammonites and Moabites out of most of their Countries and so restored the same again to the race of the Emmims and Zanzummims of which they were who had been dispossessed thereof by the Sons of Lot These vanquished in the time of Moses and their habitations assigned over to the Tribes of Reuben Gad and the one half-tribe of Manasses The Canaanites properly so called as they were the first which fought with the house of Iacob so they were the last of all these people that contended with them They first fought with them under the conduct of Arad their King who thinking it more safe and prudent to encounter the Enemy in an other mans Countrey than to expect them in his own gave battell unto Moses in the Desarts of Moab and having cut off some of the out-parts of his Army and taken a few Prisoners he went home again But Iabin under whom they made their second onset went to work more resolutely and taking a time when the iniquities of that People cried loud for vengeance so prevailed against them that he tyrannized over them for the space of 20 years After which time his Army being discomfited by Baraâ— in the time of Debora Sisera his great Captain slain by Iael the wife of Heber the Kenite and most of his Cities taken and possessed by the Israelites he perished himself in the close of that war for it is said that they prevailed against Iabin the King of Canaan till they had destroyed him Judg. 4. 24. As for the Iebusites they were grown so formidable at the time of the comming of the Hebrews to the rest of their neighbours that their King Adonibezek bragged that he had cut off the thumbs and great toes of 70 Kings and made them eat the crums which fell under his table But being vanquished by Iudah he was served in the same kind himself by Iudah and Simeon and carried to Hicrusalem where he died the whole Countrey of the Iebusites and the City of Hierusalem it self the fortress of Mount Zion excepted onely being made a prey unto the Victor And though the Iebusites held that fortess till the time of David yet being they were onely on the defensive side and made no open war against those of Israel I reckon the Canaanites as the last which did contend with them for the chief command The Canaanites thus conquered and for the most part worn out of the Countrey the Israelites succeeded in their possessions according to the promise of God made to Abraham renewed to Isaac and confirmed to Iacob Governed after the death of Moses and Josuah by the Congregation of the Elders as appears by many passages in the book of Iudg. the Iudges as the Scripture calleth them not being the ordinary Magistrates but raised up occasionally by God for some speciall purpose according to the exigence of their affairs Carrying in this a likeness unto the Dictators in the State of Rome So that the Government at the first was an Aristocratie though to say truth it rather