together extend from about the 48th degree of Latitude unto the 57th which are about 225 French Leagues and from the 38th of Longitude unto the 61 and have near as much Continent again as France They are bounded on the East for the most part by Moscovy Bounds and part of the Petit Tartars on the South the Mountains oâ— Caprack and the River Neister divide them from Hungaria Transilvania and Moldavia on the West by Germany and toucht in part on the Balticâ— Sea and on the North they are bounded part by Livonia and Moscovy Ancient Inhabitants The Ancient name of Poland was Sauromatia from its Inhabitants the Sauromatae afterwards by Lechius the first Duke hereof in Anno 550 it was called Poland which signifies a plain Country as generally it is It was made a Kingdom by the Emperour Otho the Third Anno 1000 Boleslaus being Duke and hath ever had its Dukes and Kings elected by the States who by reason of their vicinity to the Turks generally chuse a Warriour Fertility Commodities c. The Country is plain well clothed with Firs and other Timber-Trees the Air is so cold that they have neither Wine nor Grapes instead of which having store of Barly they make use of the Old drink of England viz. Ale The Country is well furnished with Grains and Fruits but they are but lean their chief Commodities are rich Furs Horses Hony Wax Bow-staves Buff-hides Ambergreese Flax Linnen-cloth Masts Cordage Boards Wainscot Timber Rozin Tar and Pith of both kinds Match Iron Stock-fish Salt digged out of the Earth Pot-ashes Rye in great plenty for which it hath made Dantzick famous It is well furnished with Flesh Fowl and Fish and to waâ—ds the Carpatian Mountains of Hungaria are found Mines of Gold and Silver as also Iron and Brimstone To the R t Worship Full Sr Robert Clayton of the Citty of London Kt and Alderman and Lord Mayr thee of Anno 1680 This Mapp is D D by R B P of the ESTATES of the CROWNE of POLAND where are the KINGDOM of POLAND withits Palatinates the DUTCHES of RUSSIA-NOIRE CUJAVIA MOZOVIA PRUSSIA â—IA VOLHYNIA PODOLIA c Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King The Revenue of the King The Revenue of the King is not great for so large a Country and that which is he receiveth from them quarterly the Kingdom being divided into four Parts every one of which keepeth the King and Court a quarter which Revenue is not certain but more or less according to his occasions by War Marriage of his Daughters or the like Poland with its parts and chief places The Kingdom is divided throughout into Palatinates and Castlewicks Poland taken particularly is divided into the Higher and Lower in the Higher are the Palatinates of Cracou Sandomirz and Lublin Places of most note in these parts are 1. Cracou or Cracovia seated in a Plain and on the Banks of the Vistula dignified with the residence of the King It is in form round the Houses fair and lofty and built of Freestone in the midst of the City is a large Quadrangle Market-house where is seated the Cathedral Church and the Senate-house for the Citizens about which are several Shops for Merchants The City is encompassed with two strong Stone Walls and a dry Ditch on the East-side of the City is the Kings Castle being fair well built and pleasantly seated on a Hill as also the Kings and Queens Lodgings on the West is a Chappel where the Kings are interr'd and on the North-side Lodgings for Entertainment and Feasting the South-side being without Buildings but as to matters of Trade this City is of small account Also Sandomirz and Lublin both chief Cities of their Palatinates are in the higher Polonia or Poland Lower Poland In the Lower Poland are the Palatinates of Posna Kalisch Sirad Lencinâ— Dobrzin Ploczk and Rava whose chief Cities or places bear the same name and are the residence of their Palatines Besides which there are several other Towns of good note which are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of the Kingdom and in chief Posna and Gnesna dignified with the See of an Archbishop who during the Interregnum of the King holdeth the Supream Authority in the Kingdom and summoneth the Diets To Poland doth also belong the Dutchies of Russia Noire Cujavia Mazovia Prussia and Polaquie Russia Noire RVSSIA NOIRE hath for its chief places Loewenberg and Belz both chief of their Palatinates OVJAVIA hath for its principal places Brzesti and Vladislau Cujavia both chief of their Castelwicks Mazovia with its places MAZOVIA hath only one Palatinate viz. Czersk under which is comprised several Cities and Castlewicks the chief of which is Warzaw one of the fairest in the Kingdom it oft-times being the residence of the Kings of Poland a place noted for its excellent Metheglin here made PRVSSIA is considered in two parts Prussia which are called Royale and Ducale Prussia Royale is immediately subject to the Crown of Poland and hath its Palatinates in the Cities of 1. Dantzick seated on the Vistula at its influx into the Baltick Sea and at the foot of a great Mountain which hangs over it it is the fairest best and of the greatest Trade of any in Prussia Through this City runs a River very commodious to the Inhabitants whereon are many Mills for the grinding of Corn which is here found in great plenty as also a Water-Mill for the conveyance of water in Pipes to their Houses and by reason of its great Trade for Corn with England and other parts they have a great many Granaries or Store-houses for the same which is hither brought them from Poland 2. Elbin though but small yet a fair City and indifferently well frequented by the English Merchants 3. Marienburg the Seat of the Masters of the Dutch Knights 4. Culne and 5. Thorn which though it hath no Palatinate is esteemed by many next to Dantzick Prussia Ducale belongs to the Marquess of Brandenbourg who holds it from the Crown of Poland It hath only one Palatinate at Koningsberg seated on an Inlet of the Baltick Sea and washed with the River Pegel it is a fair City a famous Mart and a good University and before its Coast is gathered great quantity of Ambergriece This Ambergriece is the juyce of a Stone growing like Coral on a Rock in the North-Sea continually covered with Water and in the Months of September and December by the violence of the Sea is rent from the Rocks and cast into the Havens of the Neighbouring Countries POLAQVIE is a small Province between the Estates of Poland and Lithuania Polaquie and seems to have belonged to Mozavia Bielsk is the Seat of its Palatinate And hitherto we have treated of the Estates of Poland almost all on the Vistula or the Rivers that fall into it on which are seated the three fairest Cities of these Quarters viz. Cracow towards its Spring
two-headed Rock at the meeting of the Rivers near the large Lough Lomond and in a green Plain in one of the tops is or was placed a Watch-Tower and on the other several Fortifications or Bulwarks on the East-side it hath a boggy Flat which at every Tide is covered with water and on the South it hath the River Cluid Alcluyd Alcluyd an ancient City by some said to be the same Dunbritton Of a fertil Soil STRIVELING or STIRLING a County of a fertil Soil and well inhabited and here is that narrow Land or Streight by which Edenburgh-Frith and Dunbrith-Frith thrusting themselves far into the Land out of the East and West Seas are separated from meeting together which space was fortified with Garrisons between by Julius Agricola so that all the part on this side was in the possession of the Romans and their Enemies were forced to retire themselves into the more Northern and Hilly part of the Kingdom but this lasted not long for Agricola being called home the Caledonian Britains forced the Romans back as far as the River Tine and when Hadrian arrived in Britain about 40 years after instead of going farther he gave command that the God Terminus which used not to give ground to any should be withdrawn back and that a Wall of Turffs commonly now called Grahams-Dike should be made between the Rivers Tine and Eske Southward on this side Edenburgh-Frith for about 100 miles which proved successful unto them And along this Wall hath been oft-times found several Inscriptions and pieces of Romish Antiquities And of remark was that ancient round building 24 Cubits high and 13 broad open at the top and framed of rough and unpolished Stones without any Cement Lime and Morâ—ar some call this the Temple of the God Terminus others Arthur's Oven and others Julius Hoff as supposing it to be raised by Julius Caesar but Cambden would rather believe it to be built by Julius Agricola who fortified these parts had not Ninius said it was built by Garausius as a Triumphal Arch in memory of some Victory The chief places in this County are Stirling Stirling Striveling or Stirling-Borough a place of good strength and fortified with a powerful Castle high mounted on the brow of a steep Rock a place dignified with the birth of King James the Sixth of Scotland and First of England who afterwards caused it to be beautified with new Buildings Falkirke Falkirke c. Cumirnald and Torwood MENTEITH a County so called from the River Teith It s chief places are Dunblain Clackmannan Dunblain seated on the River Teith being the See of a Bishop and Clackmannan Of a very fertil Soil FIFE a fertil County in Corn and Pasturage hath Pit-Coal and the Sea with its two Arms Forth and Tau which almost encompass it affordeth store of Oysters and other Fish It s chief places are St. Andrews St. Andrews of old Regimund that is St. Regulus Mount which Vng or Oeng King of the Picts gave to God and St. Andrew that it should be the chief and Mother Church of the Picts Kingdom It is a City pleasantly seated on the Sea-shoar near Fif-ness is fortified with a fair and strong Castle is dignified with an Archiepiscopal See which is Primate of all Scotland and is also honoured by being the Seat of the Muses Disert Disert seated on the rising of a Hill and in an open Heath so called where there is a large place called the Cole-plot that affordeth good store of Bitumen Dunfirmling Dunfirmling a famous Monastery in old time and of note as well for its Building and being the Burial-place of King Malcomb the Third as for giving Title to the Earl of Dunfirmling Falkland Falkland well and pleasantly seated for Hunting for which purpose the Kings have had here their Retiring-house Cupre Cupre a Borough-Town of some note STRATHERNE that is the Vale along the River Ern hath for its chief places Abergenny Abergenny once a City of good account being the Royal Seat of the Picts Kings which as 't is said Nectane their King dedicated to God and St. Bridget with a Tract of ground thereto belonging Drimein Drimein-Castle well seated on the River Ern. Tulibardin Tulibardin-Castle scituate also on the same River ARGILE a County well furnished with Pools in which together with the Sea and its many Arms which it sendeth forth are taken great plenty of good Fish and in its Mountains are bred a kind of wild Deer Places of good account are none in this County LORNE a Country of an apt Soil for bearing of Barley is well watered being divided by the large Lough or Lake called Leane It s chief places are Dunstafage Dunstafage seated near the said Lake once dignified with a House of the Kings Tarbar Tarbar where King James the Fourth ordained a Justice and a Sheriff to administer Justice to the Inhabitants of the out-Isles Bergonum and Bergonum CANTTRE that is the Lands-head as thrusting it self forth with a long and tapered Promontory which Ptolomy called the Promontory Epidiorum This County seated near Ireland Kiltan Sandell between the extream point of which and Marlock or Tor-Bay in Ireland there are scarce 13 miles It s chief places are Killtan and Sandell Isle of Arran ARRAN a small County and Isle near unto Cantire hath for its chief places Arran and Rothsay The Highlanders ALBAINE or BRAID-ALBIN whose Inhabitants are called the Highlanders a kind of rude and warlike People and much of the nature of the Irish in habit and disposition It s chief places are Enrer Lothea and Foyre PERCH a large and fertil County hath for its chief places Perch Perch or St. John's Town a place of good account and once larger than now it is being built by King William it is pleasantly seated between two Greens and on the River Tau which is navigable for Barges Dunkelden Dunkelden dignified by King David with an Episcopal See supposed to be a Town of the Caledonians Berch Also on the Tau stood the little City of Berch which was washed away by the overflowings of the said River together with many of its Inhabitants amongst which was an Infant-Child of the Kings in its Cradle Scone Scone seated on the farther side of the Tau dignified with an Inauguration of the Scotch Kings before their Union to England Westminster now being the place and where the Chair in which the Kings were then Crowned is which is at present made use of upon the like occasion Caladonia Wood. ATHOL an indifferent fertil County and well clothed with Wood where is that large and overshadowed Wood Caladonia already treated of a Country said to be infamous for Witches It s chief place is Blaire Very fertil and well watered ANGVIS a fertil County both for Corn and rich Pastures is well watered with several Rivers which lose
there are yet formed a great number of Creatures which appears when the Inundation of the Nile diminished saying that the Gods after them the Heroes and in fine Men have reigned for almost an incredible number of years Of these Gods there are three degrees of which Pan was the most ancient of the eight first Hercules of the 12 second and Denis of the 〈◊〉 third They divide the times of their men Kings by Dynasties that is Dominations of divers Families and give so great a number to their Kings and so great a time to their Reigns that they must have beginning long before the Creation of the World and likewise by their account their Gods and Hero's had reigned before Men the space of 20 or 25000 years They attribute the foundation of most of their Cities to their Gods Hero's and Kings and these they make and build many Labyrinths Pyramids Obelisques Colosses c. not knowing how to expend their Treasures or employ their People In the History of the Kings of Egypt one Sesostris or Seostris subdued all Europe and Asia if we will believe them Joseph an Hebrew servant and after master of the House of Potipher from the prison rose to such favour with the King that he alone had almost the whole Government of the Kingdom established his brothers in Egypt and their descendants multiplied so that in the end the Kings of Egypt became jealous and fearful lest they should make themselves masters of the Kingdom another Sesostris subdued Syria Assyria Media the Isles of Cyprus c. and was esteemed as much or more then any of his predecessors Mephres or Memnon it was that dedicated his Statue to the Sun which it saluted at its rising and shewed some signe of Joy so artificial was it made Busiris treated the Hebrews so ill that he left him the name of an infamous Tyrant Cenchres was the Pharaoh who was drown'd in the Red Sea Proteus gave occasion to say that he turned himself into a Lion sometimes into a Bull or Dragon c. by reason of his different arming his head or possibly for his different actions Rempsis had no other care but to keep up riches Chemnis caused to be built the first and greatest Pyramid imploying therein three hundred sixty thousand men for the space of twenty years of which more anon Sesac or Sesouchis armed four hundred thousand Foot sixty thousand Horse and One thousand two hundred Chariots against Rehoboam took and pillaged Jerusalem and its Temple Bocchoris though weak of body was so prudent that he gave Laws to the Egyptians This was he that leagued himself with Hosea against Salmanazar King of the Babylonians Sevecho or Sebeko reigning in Egypt Sennacherib King of the Assyrians being come to assault him an infinite number of Wild Rats knawed in one night the Arrows in the Quivers and the Strings or Cords of the Bows and the Thongs of the Assyrians Armes which caused on the morrow both their flight and overthrow Necao or Necaus began the Channel between the Nile and the Red Sea passed by the Meridional or Aethiopian Ocean by the Occidental or Atlantick Ocean reentred by the streight of Gibraltar and returned into Egypt at the end of three years he vanquished Josias King of Judea and was also vanquished by Nebuchodonozar Apryes happy in his beginnings was in the end defeated by those of Cyrene in Libya and saw all Egypt revolt who chose for their King Amasis under whose reign there were counted twenty thousand Cities in Egypt as Pliny saith Under this Amasis the Estate fell into the hands of the Persians after to the Macedonians Greeks and then to the Romans c. Among the Kings of Persia who ruled in Egypt Cambyses was the first and best known among the Macedonians and Greeks Alexander the great after whom the Kings of Egypt took the names of Ptolomies from the name of him who first bore the title of King after Alexander but after the Romans had to do with the affairs of Egypt there was nothing more remarkable of their History but Cleopatra after whom Augustus reduced this Kingdom to a Roman Province and it remained under the Romans and under the Emperours of the East near seven hundred years till about the year of Grace six hundred and forty that the Arabs seised it under their Califs who resided first at Medina then at Bagdad Damascus and sometime at Cairo The Soldans abolished this Califate in Egypt and among them the Christians have but too well known one Saladine who drove them out of a great part of the Holy Land Among these last Soldans Campson Gaurus and Tomombey were esteemed valiant yet were so ill served that the Turks under their Emperour Selimus became Masters of Egypt in 1518 and do yet possess it The Tribute they pay to the Bassa At present the Port sends a Bassa to command in Egypt and the 12 Cassilifs or Governours of the Country depend on this Bassa and are as it were only his Farmers They give him every year a certain number of Purses every Purse of 750. or 760 Lion dollars some 25 30 40 some only 10 or 12 according to the goodness of the Country or the greatness of their Cassilifs or Governments some having only 40 or 50 Towns other 100 200 300 and more besides these Purses for the Bassa they give to the Tihaja or Haja who is as it were his Chancellor and other Officers about the sixth or at least the fifth part of what they give to the Bassa And for the Prince or Grand Signior some pay 6 times more others ten times more then they give to the Bassa and besides these Purses they furnish a certain number of Ardeps or measures of Grain Pulse c. The constant Profit or Revenue that the Grand Signior drawsâ—rom this Kingdom is 1800000 Zeccheens yearly The Grand Signiours revenue from Egypt each Zeccheene is valued at 9 s. sterling which is 8 millions and 10000 l. sterling and this Revenue is divided into 3 equal parts of which one is allotted for the furnishing and accommodating the Annual Pilgrimage to Mecha the second goes for the payment of the Souldiers and Officers with other necessary charges for the management of the Kingdom and the third and last goes clear into his Chequer The several Cassilifs in Egypt The Cassilif of Girgio or of Sa it is one of the best and richest it passed not above 100 years since for a Kingdom and received its Bassa from the Port. It hath likewise its Dievan disposes its Cassilifs or under-Governments which lie in its extent the Soyl is fruitful bears much Corn and feeds many Cattle The Cassiliffs of Manfelout and Benesuef are not so great but better peopled and worth little less then that of Girgio On the other side of the Nile are those of Minio and Cherkeffi which have as large an extent as the other 3 together but are incomparably less as to the goodness scarce
the Bell which being fed with Sugar-Canes after the Juyce is drawn out grow fat and become so excellent that their Pullain is accounted for no value to them even for sick people The middle of the Isle is filled with Mountains which are loaden with a great number of Trees which are always covered with Clouds which so moisten the Trees that from them â—alls so much fresh water as makes many little streams which waters all parts of the Island The Portugals have built the City Pavoasan containing about 〈◊〉 or 800 Houses and some Forts to defend the Port They have erected a Bishoprick and do allow of no Religion but the Christian This Town is vell frequented by Portugal Merchants who trade in the Commodities aforesaid The Inhabitants are Negroes and very black PRINCES ISLAND hath a little City and the Inhabitants live conveniently the Isle being fruitful Princes Island yielding Fruits Sugar some Ginger c. Once taken by the Hollanders who for some reasons soon abandoned it The Island of Annobon The Island of ANNOBON yields Sugars Cottons Cattle and excellent Fruits especially large Oranges In this Isle there is a Town of 100 or 120 Houses of Blacks who are governed by some few Portugals The Isle of St. Hellena The Island of St. HELLENA was first discovered by the Portugals upon the 21 of May on which day is celebrated the memory of St. Helena the Mother of Constantine the Great from whom it took its name This Isle is so fertile that it is observed no place in all Europe yields the like plenty for with manuring and cultivating the Earth it produceth excellent Fruits which are here found all the year It hath great store of Barbary Hens Feasants Partridges Pigeons Quails Peacocks with several sorts of small Birds in great plenty it hath also Goats Swine c. Yet this Isle is not inhabited but serves for the English Portugals Spaniards and Hollanders to refresh themselves in going but for the most part in returning from the Indies it being sufficient to furnish Ships with Provision for their Voyage here being Salt to preserve the Meat from stinking and besides the Air is so healthful that they often leave their sick people there who in a short time are restored to perfect health and by the next Ships that put in there are taken in again During which time they find wherewithal to feed them But some years ago the Hollanders ruined all that was good only to spite the Spaniards who afterwards did the same that the English Hollanders c. might have no profit by it This Island is well furnished with good Waters which alone is a great refreshment to Ships Other Isles not inhabited The Islands of FERNAND POO St. MATTHEWS and ASCENSION are also not inhabited and of no great account nor much known which we shall pass by saying only that they have some Fowls Wild Beasts and their Seas yield Fishes NVBIA Nubia and its bounds NVBIA is bounded on the North West and South almost every where with Mountains which separate it from the Desart of Barca and Egypt on the North from Saara and the Negroes on the West and from the Abyssins on the South the rest towards the East is hounded in part by the Nile which separates it from the Isle of Gueguere in part by an Imaginary Line which separates it from divers Provinces of which some belong to the Turks who hold all that is on the Red Sea which they have taken from the Abyssins It s length and breadth It s chief places NVBIA thus taken makes a long square whose length from South-West to North-East is about 400 Leagues and its breadth from South-East to North-West almost every where 200 Leagues The chief Cities of Nubia are Cusa Gualva Dancala Jalac and Sula according to the Arab of Nubia Moreover and in the same Author I find that Tamalma Zaghara Mathan Angimi Nuabia Tagua and some others fall likewise in Nubia and by some Authors Gorham which some would put among the Negroes should be likewise in Nubia because it is on the Nile There where it can have no communication with the Negroes who ought to be upon and about the Niger Likewise Damocla towards the Negroes and Bugia towards Egypt ought to be esteemed in Nubia The City of Gorham Gorham is on the Nile and on the Coast of the Isle Gueguere Sanutus make a Kingdom a Desart and a People of this name and extends them almost alâ— the length of the Isle Gueguere not making any mention of the City of this name nor John Leon of Africa nor the Arab of Nubia nor Vincent Blanck who saith he hath been in these quarters and speaks only of the Desart oâ— Gorham Other Authors make mention of this City and describe it on the Nile Sanutus saith that there are found Emeralds in those Mountains which bound Gorham on the South Except only Gorham the Arab of Nubia observes the distances between all the other Cities which we have taken notice of and saith that Tamalma hath many Inhabitants no Walls makes little account of Mathan and Angimi Moreover he esteems Mathan the Residence of the King of Canem who holds here many Cities makes Zaghara better and saith it hath some Trade Tagua and Nubia more from which last the Region and People took their names John Leon and Sanutus after him esteems Dancala or Dangala the chief of the Kingdom seated on the Nile and that it hath about 10000 Families And he saith its Houses are built with Chalk and covered with Laths or Boards The Inhabitants civil and rich driving a good Trade through all Egypt even to Cairo whither they carry Arms Cloths Civet Sanders and Ivory They have a certain Poyson worth 100 Ducats an Ounce which they sell only to strangers which promise not to use it in the Countrey And also Bugia seated on the Nile a City of some account and Trade as is Jalac Gualva and Cusa also seated on the Nile The Empire of the ABISSINES or the HIGHER AETHIOPIA wherein are comprehended divers Kingdoms Countreys Coasts Isles c. which may be considered as they lye Northernly and towards EGYPT as The Kingdom of NUBIA with its Estates and Cities of Gorham Jalac Mathan Gualva Dancala Cusa Zaghara Bugia Angimi Tamalma Sula Tagua North-Easternly and towards the Red Sea as The Coast of ADEX which comprehendeth the Kingdom of BARNAGASSO Suaquen Ercocco Carna Corberia Barva Zama ISLES of Bahia Suaquem Mire Macruma St. Peitre Easternly and towards the Sea of ZANGUEBAR as The Coast of AJAN which comprehendeth the Kingdom of ADEA Brava Magadoxa Barraboa Quilmanca Kingdom of ADEL Adel Zeila Barbora Meta. ISLE of Zocotora The Coast of ZANGUEBAR with its Estates and Cities of Mongale Chelicia Pate Lamon Angos Mongalo Melinda Mombaze Angos Quiloa Mozambique Darcelum ISLES about the Coast of ZANGUEBAR as Monfia Santus Rochus Zanzibara Penda Southernly Westernly and towards the Kingdom of CONGO
Natives and others that work in the Mines It is seated below the Mountain which bears the same name from whence they have their Silver A City esteemed free because of its large and ample priviledges the Officers for the Treasure of the Province residing here being also much frequented by Merchants which come hither to trade for their Silver bringing them several Commodities in exchange that they have need of so that I may say it is plentifully furnished with all Commodities as well for delight as necessity The other Cities are Neuestra Sennora de la Pax or Villanueva Oropesa and Chicuito a City of Indians Then Sancta Crux de la Sierra and in Tucuman St. Jago del Estera Neuestra Sennora de Talavera and St. Michael or Tucuman This Province rich in Mines of Silver That which is most observable in this Province are the Silver Mines de la Plata de Porco and above all those of Potossi being the most famous in the world though yielding nothing but Silver It is observed of this Mine that it hath four principal veins the first which is called the rich was Registred the 21 of April 1545. and the others in little time after These Enregisters are made to take notice of the time granted to those which discover the Mines to whom they belong defraying the charge and paying to the King the right of a fifth part It is said that the rich Mine had its Metal out of the Earth in fashion of a Rock or like a Chrest of 300 Foot long 12 or 15 broad and 10 or 12 deep And that which is likewise observable is that all these Veins are towards the Sun rising and not one towards its setting they have now exhausted all that was the best and easiest to take away and the Miners are descended into the Earth some to 500 others to 10 or 1200 Degrees of depth The Rich vein yielded the moiety of good Silver but now scarce will Quintal of Ore yield two Ounces of pure Silver yet some will say that the Catholick King receives for his fifth part near two millions of Crowns yearly Account is made of 20000 men working in these Mines and of 50000 Indians which go and come to the City of Potossi to trade SANCTA CRVX DE LA SIERRA or the Holy Cross of the chief Mountain of its little Province is East of Potossi but inclosed with many barbarous Nations on the West and South among others the Chirigudgues which are a sort of People not to be reduced to order though between La Sierra and Tucuman The Country is hot but sometimes oppressed with cold and sharp winds the Land hath Grains Mayz Wine and feeds much Venison The riches of the Ynca's of Peru. Their Policy Their Forces The Ynca Garcilasso de la Vega hath given us a very fine History of Peru of its Ynca's or Kings with their Riches great Revenues Policies and Forces as to their Wealth it was shewed by the vast Treasures which the Spaniards became Masters of all their moveables besides Rooms full of several sorts of Images being of Gold and Silver together with several Rooms filled with Treasure Their Policy was shewed in the management of their Affairs and enlargement of their Territories treating their Subjects kindly and lovingly and allowing them share in the spoils of other Countries meerly to endear them and gain their affections and by these and the like means they were much reverenced and faithfully served by their Subjects And lastly as to their Forces we may conclude them to have been great if we look back upon their great and many victories they have gained as also of the Civil Wars maintained between the first Spanish Chiefs that Conquered this great Empire though with no small pains Its Inhabitants expences and loss of men The People are said to be of a strong and healthy constitution couragious and warlike great Dissemblers ignorant of Letters much given to Drink were formerly so barbarous that they adored only Beasts or those inanimate things which they might make use of or which they feared might hurt them sacrificing not only Fruits and Beasts but likewise Men and Women taken in War and sometimes their own Children Two rare Plants worthy of note Among the rarities of this Country here is a Plant which if put into the hands of a Sick person will immediately discover whether he shall die or recover for if he at the putting it to his hand look of a chearful countenance then it is a sign of his recovery but if sad and troubled a sure sign of death They have another Plant of which the North-part regarding the Mountains beareth its Fruits only in Summer and the Southern-parts towards the Sea in the Winter season only CHILI Chili bounded It s length and breadth CHILI is between Peru which is North of it and the Patagons which are on its South towards the Streight of Magellan and between Paragua and the Magellanick-Land which are on the East of it and the Mer del Sud which washes it on the West its length from North to South extends from the 26 Degree of Latitude unto the 46 and reaches 500 Leagues It s breadth from West to East is between the 296 and 302 and sometimes 305 306 307 Degrees of Latitude and sometimes likewise stretches 500 Leagues But the Andes bounding it almost all along the East these Mountains in some places advance so near the Sea that they leave it but a small breadth Chili divided into three quarters which are subdivided into 13 Jurisdictions Chili is divined into three Quarters and these Quarters into thirteen Jurisdictions one of the three Quarters retains the name of Chili and contains the Jurisdictions of Serena Quillata and St. Jago de Chili extending it self from the River of Copiapo unto that of Maule where are on the Coast the Ports of Copiapo of Guasco of Coquimbo where Sir Francis Drake was repulsed and of Valpayraso where he surprised a Vessel laden with 25000 Pezo's of Gold of Valdivia and a great quantity of Wines The second Quarter advances from the River of Maule unto that of Gallegos and is called the Imperial from one of its principal Cities The Jurisdictions of this part are those of Conception of Ongol or de los Infantos of the Imperial of Villarica of Valdivia of Osorno and of Chilva The Conception Valdivia and Chilva have their Ports of the same name that of Canten serves for the Imperial These two Quarters of Chili and the Imperial are between the Mer del Sud and the Andes Beyond these Mountains in the last Quarter Chicuito or Cuyo where are the Jurisdictions of Mendoza and St. Juan de la Frontera All these Jurisdictions take their Names from the principal Cities besides which they have some others But a word or two of some of the chief Cities in Chili It s chief Cities described and first of Copiapo seated in a Fertil
that in those months it Raineth not but almost every day the Clouds appear so thick as if it would immediately Rain but there falleth only a certain kind of Dew and that especially in the months of June July and August Yet this mist is not unwholsom but being condenfed into Dew and falling it irrigateth the Vallies It doth not Rain at this time in the Mountainous places but is a serene season This Maritim Peru is distinguished into Vallies and Sandy places the Vallies are abundantly fertile the Sandy places which are between every Valley are steril also in the adjacent Islands it never raineth but a Dew only falleth In the Isle of Gorgon which is removed three degrees from the Aequator towards the South it raineth for Eight months almost continually with so great Thunder and Storms not to be parallel'd In May June July and August it is Summer and dry contrary to the Celestial course In some parts of this Torrid Zone it is very cold for in the Province of Pastoa in the Valley Airssina both in Summer and Winter the season is very cold so that the fruit encreaseth not In the Region of Cusco which lyeth almost in the middle betwen the Tropick of Capricorn and the Aequator hard Frosts and Snows are also found From whence it is collected that Peru is parched with no violent heat but rather enjoyeth a temperate Air throughout the whole year excepting its Sandy places and Hills but the Vallies are most fertile and pleasant abounding with Trees and Fruits Their Water they receive in the Winter from the Dew which I have said falleth every day but in the Summer from the Flouds which descend and rush from the Mountains because in the Mountainous Region it is then Winter and raineth And from these Torrents the Inhabitants conduct the Water by certain convoyances into the Vallies yet some Vallies are content only with the Dew and yet produce abundance of Fruit. The cause of this diversity between the seasons of the Mountainous and the plain Peru and why it never raineth in the level Peru is difficult to declare for these Mountainous parts are so near to the level Maritim Peru that any one in the morning descending from these pluvial and raging showers in the evening may arrive at the level Peruvia where there is no rain but a serene Air. The cause seemeth to be twofold First those tops of the Mountains And Secondly a South-West Wind which is proper and perpetual to Peru. Therefore this Wind forceth the Vapours towards the Mountains where they are as it were conderised so that the Clouds may not destil their drops in the level Peru but in the Mountainous places they are attracted after the mode which we have explained concerning Mountains Therefore Peru hath this in common with Aegypt and some other places that the South Winds are not the cause of Rain and warmth but rather a clearing the Air although it may seem to have place in all the places lying towards the South from the Aequator 17. The South part of America viz. Brazilia is very pleasant and excelleth with an wholsom disposition of the Air so that it giveth place unto no Region of the Earth Concerning its seasons the Inhabited front of it receiveth the Subsolan Wind which refresheth Men and Beasts and freeth them from the intolerable heat of the Vertical Sun which if it approach the Sea is discovered in the morning if it depats from thence it is discerned more after the Spring of the morning See Piso in his Book De medicina Braziliensi concerning the seasons neither doth it languish about the evening It is wont do do so in many parts of India but it is so intense by the assistance of the Sun that it is vigorous beyond midnight and the Nocturnal Condensation of the Air cannot easily dul or overcome that dilation and natural motion of the Air. But the other part which is seperated from Peru by high ridges of Mountains and vast spaces although it be infested with an unwholsom West Wind and a Mediterranean Gale at midnight yet it is every where encompassed with Mountains near the Sea and is so driven from the Matutine Gale that it can hardly penetrate to the Shores As in these most delectable and constant seasons of the year there are no great mutations so they happen in the day and night seasons more evidently because the days and nights are not more equal in space than different in heat and cold for the Sun ascending higher after it hath opened the pores of the Earth and Men it hideth it self more profoundly and that by an equal interval whence the greater condensation of the Air effects the more extream rorifluous part of the night Hence a penetrating cold from the third hour of the night even to the rising of the Sun striketh the body so that that this is wont to be very noxious to those that are new comers into the Land which he that shunneth not will hardly lead a good life in these or other parts of the Indies The Brazilians therefore very cautiously keep a continual fire in their habitations and near their resting places by the benefit of which they may be able to indure cold and drive away venemous Infects Moreover the direct ascent and descent of the Sun causeth the shortest Crepusculas and maketh the nights so even to the days that an hours difference can hardly be found The cold is more in the Summer nights than in the Winter which is to be admired at and it is more mildly discovered in the latter than in the former the Air being tranquillous The beginning of the Wet season is in the month of March or April and is finished in August in which the Sun returning from Cancer in part dissolveth the matter of the Rain into winds whence immediately proceed storms and tempests which by and by the Spring Season calmly composeth The Inhabitants of the Tropicks know no mutation about the seasons of the year the Sun twice coming towards and departing back as many supposed but only going away from the Aequator to the Tropick of Cancer or Capricorn There are only two times of the year whereof one is dry and hot called Summer the other hot and moist like to Summer with us in Europe which supplyeth the place of Winter And this is found most true in all the Indies between both Tropicks For although the beginning and end of the Winter and Summer seasons by reason of the particular incidences of the place and also for the greater or lesser vicinity of the Aequator do not happen in the same yet for the most part the year is accomplished in about six months inclining to Humidity and six to Siccity and on that account as in the places of many Citties of Asia and Africa of the same Latitude with us there is thence a great remission of the heat our here is little perceived although the Sun passeth the Zenith of
place to wit the 31 of December if in that place it be the first of January and Saturday or the last day of the Week when in this place it shall be Sunday or the first day of a new Week And if they have sayled round the Earth twice thrice or soin times they shall also reckon so many days less This was a matter of wonder and admiration some Ages ago to Mâ—â—â—â— and others but the frequency of this Experiment hath lessehen the admination and hath administred occasion to Mathemnâ—â—â— to 〈…〉 the cause Neither is it difficult to explain the same so that the motion of the Sun and the Meridian of the places of the Earth be well apprehended and a certain day of the year be proposed â— for it dependetiâ—â— the Diurual cirâ—â—â—voluationâ— of the Sun not from his proper nation as some have thought which we may begin from any Circle but for our more easie understanding it is very convenient to begin from the Meridies that the day may be the time from one Meridies to the following Meridies or Noon or whilst the Sun returneth from the Semicircle of one Meridiany to the same Semicircle Therefore because that those who Sayl towards the East or Rising come to those places where the Sun first riseth and maketh his Meridian than in the place from whence they departed thence it cometh to pass that the Sun being in the Meridian of the place to which they have arrived they begin to reckon a new day For Example the second day of January where in the place of their departure hitherto they have numbred the first day of January if that they set Sayl on the same and the difference shall be one or two hours This anticipation daily increaseth until they come towards the East so that it shall make the hours of half a day when they come to the opposite Semicircle of the Meridian for here they shall have the Meridies of a new day when in the place of their setting forth it shall be the Midnight of the preceding day And where they shall come to the Meridian 1â— degrees more remote being in that they shall have the Meridies 13 hours sooner than in the place of their setting forth and when again they shall come to a Meridian more remote 15 degrees there they shall have the Minidies â—4 hours sooner than in the place of their setting forth And so moreover as they shall come to the Meridians or places more remote 15 degrees they shall have the Meridies 15 16 17 hours sooner and shall begin to account a new day sooner than in their place of their setting forth so that when at length they shall have returned to the place they shall then number the Meridies of a new day sooner by 24 hours where in the place also the Meridies is which yet may answer in number to the Meridies which the Mariners had the former day But it is contrary with those who Sayl towards the West when they return to the place from whence they set forth for by how much the more they recede from this place by so much the more they shall have the Sun later in the Meridies because they are in a more remote Meridian and therefore do later begin the account of their new day than in the place whence they set forth So that this Proposition taketh away an whole day in the return Corollary 1. Corollaries If that two at the same time set sorth from any place of the Earth the one towards the East the other towards the West and they shall return both together to the same place the whole Earth being Sayled about he that took his Journey towards the East shall reckon two days more than he which took it towards the West And if they have Sayled the Earth about twice they shall reckon a days more if thrice 6 days more c. but the days of these are longer of those shorter Corollary 2. The same will happen if that in any place of the Earth any two meet one the other and from hence first and then often afterwards was this apparently discovered for when Ferdinando Magellanes by a direct course into the West had entred the Indies by the Streights denominated from him it was found out by the Mariners which there met with other Europeans brought towards the East by an ordinary Journey that the Kaleudar or the Numeration of the days differed an whole day The same hath been observed by all which have Sayled round the Earth when they have come into the Indies Corillary 10. This also is the cause that in two near places the account of a different day 〈◊〉 observed viz. in the Philippine Isles and in the City of Marow on the Chast of China The day in Macoa not the same as in the Philippine Isles although they lie under the same Meridian yet they reckon the days of the Kalendar sooner in Macoa than in the Philippine Isles and that by the anticipation of one day so that it is Sunday in Moacoa when but Saturday in the Philippine Isles The cause of this diversity is this that the Rortuâ—â—â— possessing the City of Macoa came thither from Europe towards the East by asseccourse out of India but the Spaniard which possess the Philippine Isles came thither from Europe towards the West by a set course from America Therefore it is in ferred from the preceding Corollary because here in Mâ—â—a and the Philippines they almost meet 〈◊〉 â—ome into the same Meridian that they should â—â—ceâ—d by one day the days of the other CHAP. XXX Of the various Rising Setting Altitude of the Sun and other Appearances in the divers parts of the Earth Proposition 1. To place or hang a Terrestrial Globe so that when the Sun shineth those parts of the Globe may be illuminated which the Sun enlighteneth in the Earth at any time and that it also may appear unto what People the Sun riseth and to whom it setteth to whom it makes the Meridies and to whom it is altogether absconded to what place it is vertical also to find the place of the Sun in the Ecliptick and the day of the year also the hour of the place The motion of the Sun shewed by the Globe LET the place in which the Globe is placed be noted on the Globe and brought to the Meridian and let a mark be made with a Chalk on that point of the Meridian Therefore if the Globe be to be hung by a Cord the Cord must be tied to the point of the Meridian But if that it must be placed firmly in any place an Iron piâ— must be brought through the Center of the Globe even to the opposite point and this Iron pin must be closely fixed to the Horizontal plain that it may remain immovable The Globe must be disposed according to the four quarters of the World viz that the North part of the Globe may regard the North part of the Earth
It s chief places are 1. Genoua seated on the Sea-shoar at the foot of high Mountains between two Rivers built by Janus the first Inhabiter of Italy it is as also its whole State governed in form of a Republick The City for its stately Buildings makes it to be termed by the Italians Genoua la Superba having beautiful Palaces with delightful Gardens it s Strada Nova being a spacious long and strait Street on each side imbellished with stately Palaces which for the most part are supported by vast Pillars of Marble not to be parallel'd in the World amongst which may be reckoned the Jesuits Colledge than which nothing can be more polite The Palace of the Prince d'Orta with its famous Bird-cage deserves a particular mention nor is its new Mould to be forgotten which hath made the Port twice as capacious and much safer than before The City is in circuit about eight miles defended besides its Walls by a strong and fair Castle it is exceeding populous and rich its Inhabitants being observed to be the greatest Vsurers and Money-mongers in the World which is a great obstruction to its Trade 2. Savona of note for the interview between Ferdinand of Spain and Lewis the 12th of France Anno 1507. 3. Sarzana 4. Arbengue and 5. Vintimiglia Estate of Montferat The Estate or Country of MONTFERAT doth in part belong to the Duke of Mantoua and the rest to the Duke of Savoy a Mountainous Country but of a fertil Soyl. It is encompassed with the Appenine Hills Millain and Piedmont the River Tenarus parts the possessions of the Duke of Mantoua from that of Savoy its chief places are 1. Alba where Pertinax the Roman Emperour was born 2. St. Vas built by the first Duke of Mantoua 3. Casal and 4. Trin fair Cities with some others In the Lower LOMBARDY we have placed the Estates of Venice Mantoua Modena Parma Placenza and Trent of which in order Estates of Venice The Estates of the Duke of VENICE may be divided into several Parts or Provinces as they lye on firm Land and on the Sea which are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of Italy the chief of which I shall here only name as I have occasion to treat of the Cities 1. Trevigi seated in the Province of Marche Trevisane a City of some account as commodious for an Inland Trade 2. Bressia seated in the Province of Bressan esteemed the second City for largeness and beauty in all Lombardy it is more famous in her Archbishop who is Earl Marquess and Duke than in any matter of trade 3. Brescello in the Province of Bressan famous for the death of Otho the Roman Emperour 4. Este in the Province of Padouan from whence came the late Dukes of Ferrara 5. Crema in the Province of Cremase seated on the River Serio and in a very fertil Soyl a beautiful and rich City adorned with stately Edifices and about two Furlongs from the City towards the Castle is a stately Temple called Sancta Maria del la Cruce a structure of great beauty and richly adorned with Pictures c. a place much frequented for Devotion sake this City may be termed a strong Fortress against the Millanois upon which it borders 6. Vicenzo in the Province of Vicentin seated at the bottom of a Hill which commands the City being well watered with Rivers which uniting themselves not far distant from the City form a Navigable River capable to receive Vessels of a considerable burthen which passing by Padua falls into the Sea by Venice It is about four miles in circuit beautified with stately Palaces Temples and Publick buildings it is very populous and inhabited by Nobility and Gentry who contrary to the custom of the Italians delight to Travel here is a famous Theater capable to receive five thousand People whose Stage is so represented by Prospective that it seems a stately City being modelled by the famous Architect Andreo Paladio then its Piazza a spacious and beautiful place 7. Verona in the Province of Veronois a fair large and beautiful City seated on the Athesis a place of great strength as well by Nature as Art and boasteth chiefly of its yet standing Amphitheater capable to receive about 80000 Persons 8. Padua in the Province of Padouan seated in the midst of a spacious Plain about 20 miles distant from the Sea It is a place of good strength being inclosed with double Walls and deep Ditches besides its Bulwarks and Fortifications it was built by Antenor Brother to Priam King of Troy whose Tomb is here yet to be seen to this City do belong seven Gates several Stone-Bridges and five spacious Piazza's it is every where beautified with many splendid Edifices as well private as publick also its Churches are no less beautiful and rich of which the Domo or Cathedral is chief its Hall of Justice is a spacious and stately structure near to which are the Schools for Learning but this City is now most famous for its Vniversity of Physicians 9. Bergamo in Bergamasse adjoyning to Cremase 10. Feltri in Feltrin towards the Bishoprick of Trent and 11. Rovigo in the Polesine of Rovigo far engaged towards the Estates of the Church And these Provinces may properly be comprehended under one part to wit Marche Trevisane The chief Rivers in this Country are Addua Athesis Breuta and Olius Estates of Frioli The second part in this Estate of Venice is FRIOLANI encompassed with Histria the Alpes Trevigiana and the Adriatick Sea Its chief places are 1. Aquilegia seated on the Natisco a place not very well inhabited 2. Cuidad de Austria built by Julius Caesar 3. Palma la Nova the best fortified place in all Italy and 4. Tergestum or Treist seated nigh the Sea-shoar The chief Rivers are Natisco Risanus and Lizonsus The third and last part of this Estate shall be ISTRIA of an unhealthful Air. It s chief places are 1. Cabo d'Istria 2. Polo 3. Cita Nuova and 4. Parenzo But to proceed to Venice the principal City of this Republick City of Venice The City of VENICE is seated at the bottom of the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice built on 72 Islands being distant from the main Land five miles and defended from the fury of the Sea by a Bank of sixty miles in length through which in seven places there are passages broken for small Vessels save only at Malamocco and the Castle of Leo which are strongly fortified it is about eight miles in circuit having for the conveniency of the Inhabitants about 4000 Bridges amongst which that of Rialto is the chief built over the Grand Canal which for length breadth and height may compare with any in the World and for the passage of People to and fro here are said to be employed about 10 or 12000 Gondelos all its Buildings are fair and beautiful here are 200 particular places built of Marble adorned with Columns Statues and Pictures of great
value erected by the Senators which for their Grandure are fit to lodge and entertain any Prince in Christendom most of which are seated on the Grand Canal Also the Royal and proud Palace of the Duke deserves a particular description which for its largness beauty and riches as well in its fabrick without as in its Pictures and Statues within exceeds all others then the Tribunals or Courts of Justice the Senate-house or great Hall Its Arsenal or Magazine of War being about two miles in circuit encompassed with high Walls and the Sea having but one place or Gate for entrance and only one Channel for Ships to pass in and out at and here is kept always in readiness about two hundred Gallies with all things fit for a Voyage or fight also here are kept a thousand Coats of Plate garnished with Gold and covered with Velvet but above all its Church of St. Mark which for its exteriour and interiour beauty and richness of its Ornaments have deservedly made this City famous and in this Church according to report lyeth the body of St. Mark the Patron of this City which was brought hither from Alexandria In this City are seventeen rich Hospitals 56 Tribunals 67 Parish Churches 26 Monasteries of Nuns 54 Convents of Fryars 18 Chappels and six Free-Schools for the increase of Learning It s Piazza or broad place of St. Mark adorned with sumptuous Fabricks Statues c. is a place much frequented by the Gentry This City is the only place where Policy Warfare and Merchandize have embraced one another the Gentry are here held in such esteem that it is held for the greatest honour they can bestow upon the best deserver to make him a Gentleman of this City and from them the Sonatours are chosen and out of them the Duke who in a manner is only titular not having the Regal power his Salary which is paid him out of the Common Treasury is forty thousand Duccals yearly In this Estate are two Patriarchs and 34 Bishops Dukedom of Mantoua The Dukedom of MANTOVA seated Northwards of the Estates of Venice It s chief City is so called a place of good strength encompassed on the sides with Water about a quarter of a mile broad and on the other side with a Wall it is seated on a River which emptieth it self into the Po. In this City Virgil that famous Poet was born Dukedom of Modena The Dukedom of MODENA formerly joyned to that of Mantoua hath for its chief City Modena famous for the Battle between Anthony and Augustus where Hirtius and Pansa the two Consults were slain and Anthony lost the day This place is the residence of its Dukes as Mantoua is of hers Dukedoms of Parma and Placentia The Dukedom of PARMA and PLACENTIA Northwards of Mantoua hath for its chief place Parma seated in a fruitful Plain five miles from the Appenuines It is about four miles in circuit adorned with many rich and stately Structures is very populous and well inhabited by Gentry who are much addicted to Learning and Arms it hath a fair and spacious Campagnia which feeds abundance of Sheep and here the Duke hath his Palace which is a place of great delight and state This Country boasts of its Parmasan-Cheese so much esteemed by some The chief place of Placenza is so called it is seated on the Po comodious for Traffick and famous for its Fairs in Exchanges here quarterly kept which are much resorted unto it is about five miles in compass a place of good strength and beauty being adorned with many fair and rich Structures and Churches Bishoprick of Trent The Bishoprick of TRENT whose chief City bears its names it is seated in a Plain and surrounded with Mountains of an excessive height being always covered with Snow by reason of which it is more fit for Wines than Corn. The City is not large but indifferent strong its Houses are fair and stately its Streets large its Churches beautiful and richly adorned and its Royal Palace sumptuous and stately This City is famous for the general Council there held for the establishment of the Roman Catholick Religion ITALY particularly so called The second part of Italy according to our method will contain the Estates of the CHVRCH and TOSCANE which may again be subdivided into others which are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of which in order Territory of Ferraresse The Territory of FERRARESSE about 160 miles in length and 50 in breadth had once Dukes of its own but now belongs to the Pope its chief place is Ferrara so called from the Iron-Mines about it it is seated on the Po which serves as a Rampire to defend it on the one side as doth a strong Wall well fortified with a spacious Mote on the other side it is about five miles in compass beautifully built and adorned with superb Edifices and is accounted one of the pleasantest Cities in Italy having in the midst thereof a spacious Green into which doth open about 20 Streets most of which are about half a mile in length and so even and uniform that from thence the utmost ends of each may be easily discovered It is well inhabited rich and dignified with an Vniversity Province of Bolognois The Province of BOLOGNOIS Eastwards of Modena hath for its chief place Bologna once the head of 12 Cities it is seated on the River Aposa and in a large and fertil Territory for Corn Wine Fruits and Olives it is about five miles in circuit and begirt with a Wall This City is adorned with many fair and proud Buildings in which they observe a uniformity amongst which is the Pope's Palace for his retirement which for grandure and statelyness is fit to give entertainment to any Prince in Christendom It is dignified with the chief Vniversity of Italy famous for the study of the Civil Law it is proudly built having spacious Courts Province of Romandiola ROMANDIOLA or ROMAGNE Eastwards of Bolognese hath for its chief places 1. Ravenna seated on the Adriatick and once a place of good account having one of the fairest Havens in the World which is now choaked up This City was the seat of the Emperour Honorius and his Successors then of the Gothish Kings and lastly of its Patriarch but now as its Haven is choaked up so is the Land covered with water which makes it become useless 2. Rimini seated on the mouth of the River Rubicon 3. Cervia seated on the Adriatick Sea a place where so great quantity of Salt is made that the Popes part is valued yearly at 60000 Crowns and 4. Faenza Dukedom of urbin The Dutchy or Dukedom of VRBIN not long since fallen to the Holy Seat it lying in the midst of his Territories It s chief places are 1. Vrbin seated at the bottom of the Appennine formed like a Miter 2. Belfort seated in the Midland 3. Fano a Sea-port Town to Vrbin where the English do
enjoy many Immunities and 4. Pisaro a Maritim Town enjoying a good Haven Province of Marca Ancona The Province of MARCA ANCONA bounded with the Adriatick Naples the Appennine and Romagne it takes its name from Ancona its chief City seated on the Hill Cimmerius which likes a Promontory shoots it self into the Sea having the best Haven in Italy towards the Adriatick Sea the entrance into which is shut up by two Chains the better to secure the Port. It is a City of good strength being encompassed with Walls and Bulwarks its Houses are fair and its Inhabitants rich 2. Loretto famous for the Church of the Virgin Mary which as 't is said was brought from Palestine in the Air by Angels for the Sins of the People and is now a stately Structure and richly adorned with the Presents dedicated to the Virgin Mary and is much resorted unto by Pilgrims 3. Marcerata the Seat of the Governours of this Province and here is a Colledge of Lawyers for the hearing and determining of causes 4. Adria which gave name to the adjoyning Sea 5. Ascoli the Fair and 6. Fermo the Strong Province of Perusin The Province or part of PERVSIN is Westwards of Ombriae its chief place is Perugia where Augustus besieged L. Antonius the Brother and Fulvia the wife of Anthony the Triumvir which said place at the Siege became also obedient unto him and nigh to this City is Lago de Perugia of about thirty miles in circuit near whose Banks Hannibal slew Flaminius 15000 of his Romans here is also Lacus Vademonius where Dolabella vanquished such of the Gauls as had escaped the Sword of Camillus Dutchy of Spoleto The Dutchy of SPOLETO anciently called Ombria as scituate under the Appennine Hills hath for its chief places 1. Spoleto of great antiquity where are yet remaining stately Aqueducts the Temple of Concord c. 2. Assisto famous for little but being the Birth-place of St. Francis 3. Fuligne 4. Todi 5. Amelia and 6. Rieti Land of Sabine The Land of SABINE Southwards of Spoleto hath for its chief place Narvy which is of some Account Province of Orietin The Province of ORIETIN Westwards of Spoleto hath for its chief places 1. Orvieto seated on so high a Rock that it amazes those that look into the adjacent Valleys and 2. Aquapendente St. Peters Patrimony The part or Province called St. PETERS Patrimony contains also all Latium or Campagna di Roma and part of Ituria it is washed with the Tyrrhenian Sea and in this part are the Mountains called Gallicanum in which Hannibal frighted that noble Captain Fab. Maximus with a Stratagem which was by having 2000 Oxen which carried fire on their Hoâ—ns by which means he passed over the Mountains It s chief places are 1. Ostria seated at the Mouth of the Tiber but its Haven is stopped up it is honoured with the See of a Bishop whose place is to consecrate the Popes 2. Adrea to which the Romans fled after the Gauls had taken Rome 3. Veij a City of good antiquity wealth and largeness 4. Alba once the Seat of the Silvian Kings and of good fame and beauty but suffered much in the Wars by the hand of Tullus Hostilius 5. Antium a place of great delight to which the Roman Emperours used to retire for recreation 6. Civita Vechia a Maritim Town abounding in great plenty of Alom 7. Viterbo 8. Porto 9. Corneto 10. Veroli 11. Palestrina and 12. Trivoli all places of some account but above all Rome The City of Rome seated in the Territory of Campagna di Roma once the Mistress of the World famous for her noble Warriers who were so exact in their Martial Discipline for their Triumphs and Antiquities and for being the place where the Spoyls and Trophies of all Europe and a great part of Asia were laid up in brief it was a place sufficiently memorized by the ancient and renowned Historians This City when in its pristine splendor was said to be 50 miles in compass whose Walls were beautified with about 750 Towrs and said to contain about 463000 fighting men that is free Citizens such as were inrolled besides Servants Women and Children but this City hath several times felt the jostlings of ill fortune so that as to its present state it hath not the moiety of its pristine beauty and splendour scarce containing 11 miles in circuit being almost Orbicular in which space there is about one third part wast ground yet it is a place of great splendor beautified with many Princely Palaces and sufficiently famous for being the Seat of the Pope which makes it to be exceeding populous being thought to contain about 200000 Inhabitants besides an exceeding great confluence of Strangers which hither come some for devotion and others to please their fancies with its Antiquities and Curiosities and of the Inhabitants two thirds may be reckoned for Clergy-men and Curtesans the later of which is esteemed to amount to about 40000 who pay 30000 Duccats yearly Tribute to the Pope for which two Gallies are maintained and furnished for the service in Civita Vechia This City is seated on the Banks of the Tiber upon Campus Marâ—â—us it is Built upon ten Hills on which are fair Structures as on the top of the Vatican Hill is seated the proud Palace of the Popes large enough to give entertainment to three Princes at one time It is beautified and enriched with excellent payntings and curiosities and here are the Gardens called Belvidere famous for its rare Plants delightful Walks curious Statues c. and on this Hill is the Church of St. Peter being the most splendid and famous in all Rome being adorned with rich Payntings Tombs c. with divers choice Curiosities as the Spear that pierced our Saviours side and the head of St. Andrew In this City are about 300 Churches Monasteries for Nuns Religious Houses and Convents here are many Hospitals for the relief of the Distressed likewise several gallant Libraries as the Vatican the Jesuits Colledge c. And here the Pope liveth in more grandure than any Prince in Christendom and the Cardinals have their Palaces richly adorned and dwell in good state TOSCANY Dukedom of Toscany The Dukedom of FLORENCE containeth the greatest part of Toscany to which doth belong those of Sanese and Pisan and which I shall include under the Dukedom of Florence It is separated from Genoa by the River Magra and the strong Town of Sarazana belonging to the Genouese It s People even the Duke himself are generally addicted to Traffick by reason of which it is a Country very rich Florence Amongst the Cities in this Territory is Florence seated in a no less fruitful than pleasant Plain near the confluence of the Rivers Arne and Chiane about six miles in compass and by reason of being the residence of the Duke is very populous and rich where he hath a stately and magnificent Palace richly aâ—â—rned and
Division of Turkey This part of the Estate of the Turks which we call TVRKEY in EVROPE may be divided into two principal Regions viz. Sclavonia or Esclavonia and Greece ESC LAVONIA which shall be along the Danube from Germany unto the Black Sea and is bounded on one side with the Danube and on the other with the Mountain Marinai and under the name of Esclavonia may be understood Hungaria especially so much as the Turk is Master of the particular Esclavonia with the Provinces of Croacia Esclavia and Dalmatia of which parts the Grand Signior holds but one part then the Kingdom of Dacia The other Region which I call GREECE shall reach from the Mountain Marinai a great way into the Mediterranean Sea and advancing towards the South in which are several Provinces which we shall treat of HVNGARIA Kingdom of Hungaria described The Kingdom of HVNGARIA taken entirely is bounded on the East with Transilvania and Walachia on the South with Sclavonia on the West with Austria and on the North with Poland It is part possessed by the Christians and in part by the Turks It s fertility This Kingdom is of an exceeding fertil Soyl yielding Corn thrice a year and feeding such abundance of Cattle that it supplied Germany Sclavonia and other adjacent parts with about 100000 Oxen yearly they have Deer Pullain Phesants Partridges and all sorts of Fowl in such plenty that they are free for any one that will take them and their Rivers are found to afford excellent Fish It also aboundeth in several good Commodities as Hides Its Commodities Butter Cheese Copper Hony Wax Fish c. Its Inhabitants The People are of a rude behaviour not addicting themselves to Literature nor Mechanical Trades They use the Scythian Language they are well proportionate strong and very valiant The Females are denied the Estates of their Parents neither have they any thing in Marriage and until Men and Women are marryed they are not allowed the use of Beds to lye upon It s division This Kingdom now stands divided between the Grand Signior and the Hungarians The Turks have here four Beglerbies to wit of Buda of Canisa of Agrica and of Temiswar the chief Cities which they possess are Buda seated on the Danube once the Metropolis of the Kingdom and Royal Seat of the Kings of Hungaria it was taken by Solyman in 1536. Next Guyula a strong Town on the Confines of Transilvania which was betrayed by the Governour to Solyman in hopes of a great Reward which proved insuccessful unto him to the loss of his life then Alba Regalis which by the Germans is called Wisenburgh also Quinque Ecclesiae taken in the same year with Alba Regalis And these are the strong places and of good account with them The chief places in the Emperours or Hungarians possessions are Presburg seated on the edge of Austria and since the Turks became Masters of Buda this hath been the Metropolis of Hungaria next Strigonium or Gran once taken by the Turks but regained also Zegith taken by Solyman the Magnificent in Anno 1566 who there ended his days then Newhausel which hath several times withstood the fury of the Turks The other Towns in the Hungarians possession were if not are Komara in the Isle of Schut then Bars Novigrad Vizzegrad Papa Sarwar and Owar The chief Order of Knighthood in this Kingdom is that of the Dragon instituted by Sigismund King of Hungaria and Emperour ESCLAVONIA Bounds of Esclavonia ESCLAVONIA hath for its Eastern bounds the River Drinus and a line drawn thence to the Sea for its Southern bounds the Adriatick Sea for its Western part of Italy and for its Northern Hungaria The whole length of this Country is about 480 miles and its breadth about 120 it is scituate under the 6th and 7th Climats the longest day making 15 hours and a half It s division This Country is divided into the Provinces of Croacia Dalmatia and the particular Esclavonia and are partly possessed by the Venetians and partly by the Turks It s fertility The Country is observed to be more fit for grazing and feeding of Cattle than for Tillage for the Sheep and other Cattle bring forth their young twice a year and their Sheep are shorn four times a year likewise their chief Commodities are Horses for Service Cattle which yields them abundance of Hides Tallow Butter Cheese and Wool of which they make Cloth Here are also some Mines of Gold and Silver which are in the Turks possession In Esclavonia the chief places in the Turks possession are Posega a place of good account and Barra and in the Venetians possession is Copranitz a fair strong and good City Province of Croacia The Province of CROACIA is in a manner wholly possessed by the Venetians the Turks only possessing the strong Town of Withitz the chief places possessed by the Venetians are 1. Sisseg or Sissaken famous for its resisting the Turks in 1592 a fair and strong City 2. Gardiskia seated on the Savus 3. Novigrod also seated on the Savus and 4. Bruman Province of Dalmatia The Province of DALMATIA whose Southern parts are washed with the Adriatick Sea is divided betwixt the Venetians who hold the greatest part and the Turks whose chief places are 1. Marenza seated on the Sea-shoar 2. Mostar an Inland Town towards Bosnia 3. Stagno and 4. Sibioncello both Maritim Towns and nigh unto which is the Isle of MELEDA which also belongs to the Grand Signior The chief Towns in the possession of the Venetians are 1. Rhagusa seated on the Adriatick Sea a City of great Traffick and Riches being a Commonwealth of it self 2. Spalato a Maritim Town on the Adriatick and in a most pleasant Valley on the South side of great Mountains and in the Wall towards the Sea is to be seen a great remainder of a Gallery in Dioclesians Palace This Town is kept by the Venetians as their only Emporium plyed successively with two Gallies which carry between this place and Venice such Merchandize as are Transported into Turkey or from thence brought in 3. Zara a strong Fortress feated on the Adriatick within the Gulph which by reason of its commodions scituation is most apt to command the whole Adriatick and is strongly fortified and well Mann'd In this City is a Temple of St. John di Malvatia which was built by a company of Sea-men who being in a great and dangerous Tempest made a Vow that if they escaped they would consecrate a Temple to the said St. John and being saved they Landed here and performed their Vows 4. Sebenico seated on the Sea-shoar having large Territories 5. Nona and 6. Traw DACIA Its Bounds The Kingdom of DACIA is bounded on the East with the Euxine Seas on the West with Hungaria and on the North with the Carpathian Mountains The Country throughout is very fertil affording for Merchandize Oxen Butter Cheese Tallow Hides Hony
Wax Commodities and excellent Warlike Horses whose Manes are said to hang down to their feet their Fruits are good and in great plenty and the Earth is inriched with Mines of several Metals It is seated in the Northern Temperate Zone between the 7th and 10th Climates which makes the longest day to be 17 hours It s People The People are well made and proportionate they are head-strong resolute in their Opinions and of no ready wit they use the Sclavonian Language they are Christians and follow the Greek Church The Kingdom at present is divided into several Provinces as in the Geographical Table of Turkey in Europe is set down all which are subject to the Grand Signior Province of Transilvania The Province of TRANSILVANIA hath for its chief places 1. Waranine far engaged towards the West and it is a frontier Town to Hungaria and of some account and strength 2. Hermensted more towards Moldavia 3. Weisenburg 4. Burges 5. and Hanyad Province of Bosnia The Province of BOSNIA hath for its chief place 1. Saraih the Metropolitan City seated in a fruitful Valley which on the North and South sides are immured with ridges of pleasant Hills of an easie ascent This City is said to contain about 80 Mescheetoes and about 20000 Houses which for the most part are but meanly built 2. Bagnialuch once the residence of the Bosnian Kings and 3. Jayeza the usual Sepulchre of those Kings Province of Servia The Province of SERVIA whose chief Cities are 1. Belgrade once the Bulwark of Christendom valiantly resisting the power of Amurath the 6th and Mahomet the Great but yielded to Solyman Anno 1520 when this whole Country became a Turkish Province 2. Stonebourgh once the Seat of its Despot and 3. Samandria Province of Bulgaria The Province of BVLGARIA hath for its chief places 1. Sofia the Seat of the Beglerbeg of Greece under whom are 21 Sangiacs seated almost in the midst of a long and fruitful Valley beautified with many fair Hanes and Baths the chief of which hath hot Fountains It s Colledge is magnificent and its Mescheetoes are many and beautiful especially that in the midst of the City which is the largest and here the doors of the houses of the Christians and Jews are not above 3 foot high which is so made to keep out the Turkish Horses who would else in their Travels make them serve instead of Stables so great is the slavery that they live under 2. Oesco 3. Novi 4. Durostoro and 5. Destor all which are seated on the Danube 6. Proslavia seated at the mouth of one of the branches of the Danube at its fall into the Euxine Sea 7. Calutra and 8. Varna both seated on the Euxine or Black Sea Province of Moldavia The Province of MOLDAVIA whose chief places are 1. Zuccania once the Seat of the Vaivod 2. Sotzowa and 3. Lazy both good Cities Country of Bessarabia To the Province of Moldavia doth belong the small Country of BESSARABIA which lieth between Podolia and Bulgaria and is commodiously seated on the Black Sea It s chief places are Kherman or Moncastro the Seat of the Turkish Sargiack seated on the River Tyras not far from its influx into the Sea and 2. Kilia also seated on the Euxine Sea Province of Walachia The Province of WALACHIA being divided from Bulgaria by the Danube and is esteemed the richest Province in all Dacia It s chief places are 1. Targovisco the Seat of the Vajuods 2. Domboviza and 3. Brailonum GREECE The Parts of Greece The rest of Turkey in Europe may be comprehended under the name of GREECE which is divided into several parts to wit Romania which answers to the ancient Thrace Macedonia whose divers parts have received divers names as that of Jamboli of Camenolitaria of Migdonia or particular Macedonia Albania and Thessaly which is now called Junna Epirus now Canina Achaia and Aetolla now Livadia and Peloponnesus now the Morea Its Bounds GREECE esteemed the Mother of Arts and Sciences hath for its Eastern bounds the Egean Sea the Hellespont Propontis and Thracian Bosphorus and for its Western the Adriatick Sea and Italy It is seated in the Northern Temperate Zone under the 5th and 6th Climates the longest day being 15 hours It s sertllity and Commoties The Soil without doubt is very rich and fruitful and would be very prositable to the Husbandman if pains were taken in tilling it but the Great Turk seizing on their Estates when and as often as he pleaseth makes them careless to cultivate it yet here are found several good Commodities which are transported to other places as Wines Oils Silk both raw and wrought into severai Manufactures as Velvets Damasks c. also Gragrams Brimstone Copper Vitriol Cottons Sopes Carpets Cute Currants Cuminseed Anniseeds c. The Ancient and present Greeks The Grecians though a scattered People since the Turks became Masters of their Country vet still retain their Name Religion Customs and Language as indeed they do in all other places where they live They were once a Nation so excellent that their Precepts and Examples do yet remain as approved Canons to direct the mind to Vertue they were Lovers of freedom every way noble in matters of Government famous in Arms glorious in Arts admirable and to whom the rest of the World were held Barbarians but since they became under the Turkish yoke for the generaliay their Spirits are so low that their knowledge is turned into ignorance their liberty into contented slavery their Vertues into Vices and their industry in Arts and Sciences into idleness They are much addicted to drink and dancing for which they had the name of Merry Greeks they are of a good proportion and of a swarthy complexion their Women are well favoured brown and excessively amorous in matters of Habit they differ little from those amongst whom they live The Christian Faith was here established by Timothy to whom St. Paul wrote two Epistles The Fathers which this Church most adhereth unto are Chrysostom Basil and the two Gregories and the Church is governed by Patriarchs one of Constantinople another of Alexandria another of Jerusalem and another of Antioch freely exercising their Religion which differeth much from the Church of Rome as I shall in place elsewhere take notice oâ— and have every where their Temples and Monasteries If a Patriarch die another is elected by the Synod of Bishops Famous Men here bred This Country hath bred several famous Men as Alexander the Subverter of the Persian Monarchy Xenophon Plutarch Herodotus and Thucydides famous Historiographers Epaminondas Pyrrhus Miltiades and Aristides Captains Plato Aristotle Socrates and Theophrastus Divine Philosophers Demosthenes Aeschines and Isocrates eloquent Oratours with several others too tedious to name but to proceed to the Provinces Province of Romania ROMANIA particularly so called a Country of it self neither of a rich Soyl nor pleasant Air more
inclining to cold than heat yet by reason of the famous Cities of Constantinople Adrianople and others here seated renders it the chief and best inhabited of all Greece It s chief places are Adrianople so called by the Emperour Hadrian who repaired it it was added to the Kingdom of the Turks by Bajazet Anno 1362 and continued the Seat of their Kings till Mahomet the Great took Constantinople from Constantine Palaeologus the last of the Eastern Emperours about 90 years after Blunt in his Voyage to the Levant in his description of this City saith That it is seated on three low Hills of which that in the midst is the largest and fairest on the top of which is a stately and magnificent Mosque and in the Churchyard are about 30 or 40 Cocks under a stately Fountain for People to wash before Divine Service as also at the bottom of this Building on the North and South sides are 20 Conduits with Cocks and on the East side are the Priests Lodgings and Gardens and round the Church-yard are Baths Cloysters and a Colledge for the Priests with other useful Offices all covered with Lead In this City are several Besestines or Exchanges some of good account as likewise many fair Hanes To this City are four stately and lofty Bridges of Freestone which make a pleasant shew and is a fair large and well composed City 2. Gallipoli seated near the Hellespont but within the Sea of Marinora This was the first City that the Turks possessed in Europe it being surprized by Solyman Son to Orchanes in Anno 1358. Here the Beglerbegh of the Sea hath his residence A little below Gallipoli is the streightest passage of the Hellespont a place formerly famous for Xerxes his Bridge but especially for the two Castles of Sesto on the European side and Abydo opposite to it on the Asian shoar of note for the Loves of Hero and Leander which Castles are now called the Dardanelli and command the passage and are the security or Bulwark of Constantinople on this as those on the Thracian Bosphorus are on the other 3. Caridia seated on the Thracian Chersonese opposite to the Isle of Lemnos as also to Troas in Asia and therefore now called St. George's Arm. 4. Abdera the Birth-place of Democritus who spent his time in Laughing 5. Pera a Town of the Genoueses opposite to Constantinople 6. Galata also opposite to Constantinople from which it is parted by a River wherein is found a good Harbour for Shipping and here all the Western Christians as English French Dutch and Venetian Merchants have their common residence intermixed with Jews Grecians Armenians and some few Turks And lastly Constantinople the now Metropolitan City of all Greece the Seat of the Grand Signior and formerly of the Emperours of the East first built by Pausanias a LÃ cedemonian Captain about 660 years before the Birth of Christ It is a City very commodiously seated for an Universal Empire overlooking Europe and Asia commanding the Euxine or Black Sea the Hellespont and Sea of Marinara or Propontis on the upper part of which and near the Thracian Bosphorus it is seated where it hath a Haven so deep and capacious that the Turks for its excellency call it the Port of the World so that for strength plenty and commodity no place can compare to it This City is in form Triangular its Walls are composed of Stone and Brick equally intermixed to which it hath 24 Gates for entrance whereof 5 regard the Land and 19 the Water being about 16 miles in compass and supposed with Pera and Galata adjoyning to it and Scutari on the Asian side to contain about 700000 living Souls good part of which are Christians and Jews and it would be far more populous were it not for the Plague which like a Tertian Ague here reigneth every third year and sometimes oftner This City is adorned with many magnificent Buildings both publick and private as also with curious Statues and other such like Ornaments which were brought out of Rome and other parts There is no City in the World makes so stately a shew if beheld from the Sea or adjoyning Mountains as this doth whose lofty and beautiful Cypress Trees are so intermixed with the Buildings that it seemeth to represent a City in a Wood whose seven aspiring Heads for on so many Hills it is seated are most of them crowned with magnificent Mosques all of white Marble in form round and coupled above being finished at the top with guilded Spires some having two some four and some six adjoyning Turrets of a great height and very slender so that there is no City in the World hath a more promising Object and being entred so much deceiveth the expectation having many vacant places several rows of Buildings consisting only of Shops the Houses not fair lofty nor uniform the Streets exceeding narrow and ill contrived yet here are many stately Houses where the Great persons reside also many Canns for Merchants and abundance of Mosques amongst which that of Sancta Sophia is the chief once a Christian Temple To every one of the principal Mosques doth belong publick Bagâ—io's Hospitals with Lodgings Santons and Ecclesiastical Persons which are endowed with competent Revenues the inferiour Mosques for the most part are built square many of them Pent-houses with oper Galleries where on extraordinary times they pray The number of Mosques of all sorts including Scutara Para Galata and the Buildings that border the Bosphorus are said to be about 8000. This Temple of St. Sophia is almost every Friday which is their Sabbath visited by the Grand Signior by reason of its being so near his Seraglia which is divided from the rest of the City by a lofty Wall containing in circuit about three miles wherein are stately Groves of Cypresses intermixed with delightful Gardens artificial Fountains variety of Fruits and curious Plains The Buildings are low but rich and stately with several fair Courts one within another and to the South-side doth joyn the Grand Signiors Palace in which are also several large Courts and stately Structures On the left hand of one of the Courts the Divano is kept where the Bassa's of the Port administer Justice out of the second Court is a passage into a third into which Christians are not permitted entrance but upon great favour on the North-side stands the Grand Signiors Cabinet in form of a stately Summer-house having a private passage from his Seraglio and from this place he takes Barge to delight himself on the Water Not far from the Palace is a spacious place encompassed with Houses called the Hippodrom by the Ancients and by the Turks Almidan where every Friday the Spachies of the Court play at Giocho di Canni that is they are mounted on Horses and ride after one another throwing Darts at each other which they endeavour to avoid by their hasty turning The Black Sea is distant from Constantinople about 15 miles it is much troubled with
Anthony and Augustus on the other The chief places in this Province are 1. Armiro now the Seat of a Turkish Sangiac 2. Larissa seated on a fair River which at a small distance falls into the Gulph of Salonichi 3. Tricca and Pharsalis Province of Epire. The Province of EPIRE now called CANINA is very Mountainous hath for its chief places possessed by the Turks Praveza and Lartâ— both Sea-Towns and the chief places in the Venetians possessions are Torre de Butrinto and Perga both Sea-Towns and places of good account opposite and nigh to which is the Isle of Corfou Mount Pindus In this Province is Mount Pindus sacred to Apollo and the Muses and here are also the Acroceraunean Hills so called for their being so subject to Thunder-claps Province of Achaia The Province of ACHAIA now called LIVADIA washed on the East with the Aegean Sea it is divided into these parts viz. Aetolia Attica Baeotia Locris Megaris Doris and Phocis in which parts are several good Cities and Towns amongst which are 1. Athens now Sitines more famous for its Antiquity than any thing else being now scarce any other than a Fishers Town but formerly a large rich and stately City the Nursery of Learning and a place from whence all Arts and Sciences spread themselves all over Aeurope 2. Thebes now Stives seated on the River Gephisus famous for the Wars here made between Polynices and Eteocles Sons to Prince Oedipus it was sack'd by the Macedons after which it was re-edified by Cassander but of no account nor beauty to what it was formerly Next to this City are the Streights not above 25 foot broad 3. Lepanto chief of Aetolia seated in the bottom of a Gulph so called and where Augustus and Anthony sought for the Empire of the World and where more lately was that signal Battle between the confederate Christians and the Turks This City enjoyeth a good Trade and affordeth several good Commodities as Silk Oils Cottons Galls Anniseeds Wax Hony Currans Wines c. 4. Marathon of note for the Victory of Miltiades gained against the powerful Army of Darius which consisted of 100000 Foot and 10000 Horse 5. Megara where Euclid taught Geometry 6. Platea nigh to which was fought an exceeding great Battle between the Grecians and the Persians 7. Delphos famous for the Temple of Apollo which was destroyed by the Phocians who took from it 60 Tuns of Gold 8. Sparta formerly of great Account and 9. Micenae famous for the Temple of Juno as also for the habitation of Agamemnor Nigh to this City was the Lake of Lerno where Hercules slew the Lernian Seven-headed Hydra In this Province is the famous Temple of Aesculapius where is also the Mount Helicon and Parnassus much famoused by the Poets and here are also those pleasant Arcadian Plains and the places where the Olympian Games were solemnized with several other memorable places of Antiquity Peloponnesus or the Morea PELOPONNESVS now called MOREA is a Peninsula bounded with the Sea except where it joyneth to Achaia by an Isthmus of about six miles in breadth the whole Peninsula is about 600 miles in compass and contained once many flourishing Provinces as ARCADIA ARGORIS ACHAIA PROPRIA ELIS LACONIA and MESSENIA but at present it is one sole Turkish Province The People were accounted the chief of all the Grecians and gave Rules to the rest as subordinate unto them The chief places are 1. Corinte seated at the foot of the Acrocorinthian Hills hard by the Fountain Pyrene a small Town and of little note to what it was being out of the ruins of the ancient and famous Corinth which was a place of great strength and power 2. Misistra once of good account 3. Thalana nigh unto which is Mount Tenarus from whence Hercules drew Cerbenus as also the Lake Lerna where the said Hercules slew the Monster Hydra 4. Selassia where Antigonus vanquished Clâ—omenus 5. Nemaea where Hercules slew the Lions 6. Olympia very famous for the Statue of Jupiter Olympicus which was 60 Cubits high and of a proportionate thickness being made of Gold and Ivory and in honour to this Jupiter were the Olympick Games instituted by Hercules and performed on the Plains of this City 7. Megalopolis the Birth-place of that eminent Historian Polybius 8. Mantinea nigh unto which the Theban Army which consisted of 30000 Foot and 3000 Horse routed the Army of the Athenians and Spartans which consisted of 2000 Horse and 25000 Foot where that gallant Leader Epaminondas received his deaths wound 9. Lacedemon 10. Argos 11. Thebes now ruinated but the chief places for Traffick now remaining arâ— 12. Modon 13. Petras and 14. Coron all three Cities seated on the Sea-shoar subject to the same Customs and found to afford divers good Commodities the product of Turkey The ISLES seated in the GRECIAN or AEGEAN IONIAN and ADRIATICK Seas IN these Seas there are several Isles many of which are of good note and well frequented by Merchants most of which are in part if not altogether in the possession of the Grand Signior yet the Venetians are not quite expunged But the Turk hath divided all or most of them into eight Beglerbyats and 60 and odd Sangiacats that is into general and particular Governments The AEGEAN or GRECIAN ISLES Isle of Negroponte The chief of the Aegean Isles are 1. NEGROPONTE in the power of the Turks in circuit 365 miles It s chief places are 1. Negroponte seated in a Gulph so called 2. Caristo and Dion a Sea-port Town Isle of Stalimene 2. STALIMENE of old LEMNOS about 100 miles in circuit well peopled by Grecians except three Towns which the Turks keep strongly fortified to keep them in awe It s chief Town is Lemnos or Mirina but of no great note Here is a Sovereign Mineral against infection called Terra Sigillata the Earth thereof is made into small Pellets and sealed with the Turks Stamp and so dispersed and sold to Merchants for an excellent Antidote Isles of Sporades and Cyclades 3. The SPORADES and CYCLADES are a great body of several small Isles dispersed about this Sea or Archipelago and lie so thick that they oft-times become dangerous to Sea-men especially in Storms The chief of these Isles are 1. Milo so called for its abounding in Hony it is about 60 miles in compass very fertil and affordeth store of Grain and Oil but no Wine its chief place is so called 2. Tira 3. Tiresio 4. Nio 5. Stapalia about 50 miles in circuit whose chief place is so called 6. Morgo 7. Nicsia about 75 miles in compass 8. Livila 9. Zinara 10. Raclia 11. Siphano 12. Micone 13. Teno 14. Helena 15. Engia in a Gulph so called all small Isles 16. Fermenia about 60 miles in circuit 17. Zea about 50 miles in compass 18. Andri about 80 miles in compass not far from Negroponte and is found to afford the same Commodities its chief place bears the same name 19. Coos more
place in all Normandy 3. Dieppe also a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their passage into France 4. Caen famous for its long resistance of Henry the Fifth of England 5. Fabais once a strong Town here it was that Duke Robert passing through saw some Maids a dancing amongst which was one Arlet a Skinners Daughter who so nimbly footed it that his desires were to enjoy her thinking she would be as active in the Bed whereupon he sent for her and obtained his desires in which she so plensed him that he begat on her William the Bastard King of England in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots 6. Charenton famous for the Preaching of that eminent Divine Peter du Moulin and 7. Constance Isle of France The Isle of FRANCE made so by the circlings and confluences of the Seine and other little Brooks It lieth in the heart of all France where we shall find not only its particular glory but that of all the Kingdom to wit Paris City of Paris which for its Riches Power and number of Inhabitants may justly contend with any in Europe It is about 12 miles in circuit if all the Suburbs are reckoned and in form rather round than oval seated on the Seine and in a Soil so fertil that not many Cities know so great plenty It is of no great strength nor of much consequence in matter of Trade only contenting themselves with enough to serve the Inhabitants and Court yet in matter of Coin it giveth rule to all Cities in France and is another of the three Cities where Exchanges are placed a convenience for the Nobility Gentry and Courtiers as also for Strangers The chief ornaments of it are the Palace of the Louvre so much famoused abroad besides so many Palaces of the Nobility amongst the rest that of Luxembourgh its Palace-Royal its Church of Nostre Dame its Vniversity formed by Charlemain in Anno 800 esteemed the first in Europe containing 55 Colledges and particularly the Colledge of the Sorbona also the Halls of Justice or Courts of Parliament being as our Courts of Judicature are all remarkable Next to this City may be reckoned 1. St. Dennis about three miles from Paris famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings 2. Pont-oyse 3. Meaux 4. Beauvais and 5. Soissons In this Province is the beautiful House and Forest of Fontaine Bleau built by Henry the Fourth esteemed not only one of the fairest Palaces in all France but of Christendom here is also seated the Royal Mansion of St. Germains and Boys de Vincennes where the puissant Henry the Fifth finished his days In this Province is the Dukedom of Valois whose chief places are Luzarch and Sen-lis This Country abounds in Vineyards which yields the sharp Wine called Vin de Paris Province of Champaigne CHAMPAIGNE so called from being a Champain Country its chief places are 1. Rheims famous for being the place where the Kings of France are usually Crowned and anointed with an Oil here kept which they say came down from Heaven and never decreaseth and here is a Colledge for English Jesuits 2. Chaaloons 3. Langres 4. Sens and 5. Troyes all places of some account Province of Britany BRETAIGNE or Britanny whose chief Port-Towns are Brest Blavet and St. Malos and within Land the Cities of 1. Nantes seated on the Loire 2. Rennes where the Parliament for this Province is held 3. Vennes seated on the South-Sea 4. Breine and 5. Morlaix of note for its great store of Paper so called Under the Government of ORLEANS or ORLEANOIS we comprehend divers Provinces on this side upon and beyond the Loire viz. Province of Maine MAINE whose chief places are 1. Maine seated on the River Magenue which dischargeth it self into the Loire 2. Mayenne 3. Laval and 4. Domfront Province of Perche PERCHE on the borders of Normandy hath for its chief places Nogent le Retrou Mortaigne and Vernevil which by some are esteemed in Normandy Province of la Beauce LA BEAVCE hath for its principal places 1. Chartes seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City dignified with an Vniversity for the study of the Civil Laws 2. Estampes 3. Chà steau Dun and 4. Vendosme Province of Gastenois GASTENOIS hath for its principal place Montargis Province of Nivernois NIVERNOIS or BVRBON well watered by the Loire and Allier its chief places are 1. Nerves of some account for its pretty Glass-works and is dignified with an ancient Dukedom 2. La Charite 3. Clamecy and 4. Donzy Province of Orleanois ORLEANOIS whose chief City is Orleans from whence the Government or Province took its name a City if Paris excepted may contend with any in France having once been the Seat of a King of its own It s pleasant scituation on the Loire makes it extream delightful and although of no considerable Trade yet is a great Thorough-fair for such Commodities as pass to Lions and other places in the heart of the Kingdom Province of Blasois BLASOIS hath for its chief place Blois where by the command of Henry the Third the Duke of Guise the first stirrer up of the Civil Wars in France as also the great contriver and promoter of the grievous Massacre at Paris was slain in the Senate-house Province of Touraine TOVRAINE hath for its chief places 1. Tours where the Protestants first began and from one of whose Gates called Hugo's-Gate they were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens and slew of them about 370000. 2. Amboise 3. Loches and 4. Chinon Province of Anjou ANJOV adjoyning to Maine a small Province but exceeding fertil and affords the best Wines in France It s chief places are 1. Angiers dignified with an Vniversity 2. Saumur a Town delightfully seated on the Loire and dignified with the only Protestant Vniversity in France and 3. la Fleche Province of Poictou POICTOV a large and populous Province numbring about 1200 Parishes and dignified with three Bishopricks its principal places are 1. Poictiers seated on the River Clavius famous for the study of the Civil Laws and in greatness esteemed next to Paris but of small account as to matter of Trade 2. Maillezais 3. Luson 4. Chastelleroud 5. Niort 6. Lusignan and 7. Touars This Country is very fertil especially in good Vineyards and in these Fields were sought that memorable Battle between John of France and Edward the Black Prince who contrary to all expectation gained the day Province of Aunis AVNIS South of Poictou hath for its chief City Rochel commodiously seated on the Aquitain Ocean by reason of which it enjoyeth a great Trade it is a place of great strength as may appear by the resistance the Protestants there inhabiting made against the powerful Army of the French King
Province of Angoumois ANGOVMOIS South of Guienne hath for its chief place Angoulesme Province of Berry BERRY very fertil and hath rich Pastures on which are fed abundance of Sheep of whose Wool the Inhabitants make store of Cloth It s chief places are 1. Burges dignified with a flourishing Vniversity 2. Issoudun 3 Chasteau Roux 4. Argentum and 5. Sancerre Province of Dutchy of Burgundy BOVRGOGNE or BVRGVNDY which is subdivided into several less parts hath for its chief places 1. Dijon built by the Emperour Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving birth to St. Bernard 2. Autun once the chief City in the Province and dignified with an Episcopal See 3. Beaune famous for its stately Hospital equalizing many Princes Palaces and these places are in Bourgogne particularly so called 4. Challon in Challonnois belonging to the House of Orange 5. Mascon in Masconnois where the Devil made his visits and disputes to a Minister which story is sufficiently known being at large treated of in a Book entituled the Devil of Mascon 6. Semur in Auxois and 7. Chastillon on the Seine in the Country of Montagne Several small Countries Adjacent to this Province of Burgundy are the Countries of Charollois Auxerrois Bresse Balliage Beugey and Veromey The chief place of CHAROLLOIS is Chorolles of AVXERROIS Auxerre of BRESSE Bourge a Town so well built and so strongly fortified that it is esteemed impregnable of BALLIAGE which bordereth upon the Swisses and Savoy Gex which is not far distant from Geneve and of BVGEY and VEROMAY bordering upon Dolphin and Savoy Belly which is a place of some account Province of Lionnois LIONNOIS hath for its chief places 1. Lions seated upon the conjunction of the Roane with the Soane by some esteemed the second City of France a famous ancient Mart Town and the See of an Archbishop who is Primate of all France 2. Treveux in the Sovereignty of Dombes Mombrizon in the County of Forez and 4. Ville Franche in the Country of Beaujolois Province of Auvergne AVVERGNE hath for its chief places 1. Bourbon the Archambaul 2. Molins seated on the Elaver of note for their neat Cases of Knives and Scissers both in the part or Country of Bourbonnois 3. St. Pierre le Montier in Nivernois 4. Cleremont the Seat of Vercingetorix who so bravely opposed Caesar 5. Riom 6. Monferrand 7. Vic le Comte and 8. St. Flour all in Auvergne particularly so called 9. Gueret and 10. Dorat in the Part of La Marche Government of Guienne and Gascogne In the Government of Guyenne and Gascogne are several Provinces and Countries in which are seated many good Towns and Cities In GVYENNE are 1. the Province of Saintonge whose chief place is Sainctes 2. Guienne which hath for its principal City Bourdeaux seated on the Banks of the Gerende famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the Second at present honoured with an Vniversity and a Parliament It is a place of a very great Trade and plentifully furnished with divers good Commodities especially Wines and Paper 3. Prigort hath for its chief place Perigueux seated on the Banks of Ila 4. Agenois whose chief place is Agen 5. Limosin hath for its chief places Limoges and Brive 6. Quercy in which are seated Cahors a rich and beautiful City built on the ascent of a Hill and Montalbon scituate on the Garond a place of good strength and 7. Rovergue whose chief places are Rodez and Vabres Provinces in Gascogne In GASCOGNE are also divers Provinces which with its chief places are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of the four Governments beyond the Loire beginning with Guienne and Gascogne Province of Languedoc LANGVEDOC may be divided into three quarters in which are several parts In the higher Langnedoc are the Cities of Toulousa in Toulousan a fair large City though of no continuance and is a place of a considerable Inland-trade 2. Alby in Albigeois 3. Castellan darry in Auraguais and 4. Foix in Foix. In the lower Languedoc are 1. Narbone the first Colony planted by the Romans next to Carthage out of Italy 2. Aleth 3. Limouth all in Narbone 4. Beziers 5. Agde and 6. Pemenas in the quarter of Beziers 7. Montpellier esteemed the healthfullest place for a pure Air in all France 8. Nismes and 9. Beaucaire all in the quarter of Nismes In the other part called Sevennes are 1. Mende in the quarter of Gevaudan 2. Le Puy in Velay 3. Viviers and 4. Vzes in the part of Vivarais Province of Daulphine The Province of DAVLPHINE is watered with the Roane and other Rivers and honoured with the title of the Princes of France It may be divided into three great parts which are subdivided into others viz. in the part or quarter towards the Roane are the Parts and Cities of Vienne in Viennois of some esteem for its excellent Sword-blades here made 2. Valence a fine City watered with the Roane 3. Romans 4. St. Marcellin 5. Crest and 6. Montelimar all in the higher and lower Valentinois and St. Pol Trois Chaux in the part of Tricastin In the quarter in the midst of the Province are 1. Grenoble in Grisivanden 2. Die in Diois and 3. le Bujiz in Baronies And in the quarter towards the Alpes 1. Embrun in Embrunois 2. Gap in Gapensois and 3. Brianson in Briansonnois Province of Provence PROVENCE washed by the Mediterranean Sea hath for its chief places towards the Roane Arles a Town well fortified by Henry the Fourth and Tarascon Upon the Sea 1. Marseille once a Colony of the Phoenicians commodiously seated on the Mediterranean shoar enjoying an excellent Haven and Road for Shipping which renders it a place of a considerable Trade and is well frequented by Merchants 2. Thollon the best Sea-port Town on the Mediterranean in all France having a capacious and safe Haven and is well resorted unto by Merchants 3. St. Tropes 4. Grace and 5. Vence In the midst of the Province are 1. Aix honoured with a Parliament 2. Salon 3. Apt and 4. Riez And towards the Alpes are Sisteron Digne Senez Glandeeve c. To the Province of PROVENCE doth belong the Country of Avignon and the Principality of Orange In Avignon are many walled Towns and some Cities the chief of which is Avignon a fair City seated on the Roane famous for being the ancient Seat of the Popes till removed to Rome This City is worthy of observation in that here is said to be 7 Parish Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Inns 7 Palaces and 7 Gates to its Walls as also for being made a Vniversity Principality of Orange In ORANGE are several good Towns and Cities the chief of which is Orange seated on the Meine of note for the wonderful and excellent Antiquities that are here to be seen and this Country belongs to the Prince of Orange To the twelve Governments we ought to add LORRAINE where are the Cities
Goude Rotterdam the Hague the Brill ZELAND Mildebourg Flushing Ziriczee ZUTPHEN Zutphen Doesbourg Grolle One Marquisate of the Empire which consisteth but of the City of Anvers or Antwerp Five Signieuries to wit UTRECHT Utrecht OVERYSSEL where are the Quarters of Saland Deventer Campen Swol Tuente Oldenzee Drente Coevorden WEST FRISE or WEST-FRISELAND Leuvarden Dockum Franicker Staveren GRONINGUE Groningue MALINES Malines To which may be added the Archbishoprick and Seignieury of CAMBRAY Cambray Bishoprick and Signieury of LIEGE where are Liege Tongres Maestricht Dinant Huy County of LINGEN Lingen The ESTATES or UNITED PROVINCES of the LOW COUNTRIES possessed in EUROPE The most Northern part of the LOW COUNTRIES where are eight Provinces or Parts to wit the Dutchy of GUELDERS Quarter of Betuve Nieumegue Bommel Fort de Schenck Quarter of Veluve Arnhem Harderwick Counties of HOLLAND North Holland Alcrnar Horne Inchuse South Holland Dordrecht Harlem Delft Leyde or Leyden Amsterdam Goude Rotterdam the Hague the Brill Gorckum St. Guitremberg ZELAND Mildebourg Ziriczee Flessing Tolen ZUTPHEN Zutphen Doesbourg Grolle Signleurles of UTRECHT Utrecht OVER-YSSEL Deventâ—r Campen Swol Covorden WEST FRISE Lieuvarden Harlingen Franicker Dockum Staveren GRONINGUE Groningue And in the Neighbouring Estates of the LOW COUNTRIES Part of the Dutchy of CLEVES Wesel Rees Emmerick Goch Gennep Part of the Estate of COLOGNE Rhinsberg Orsoy And in the County of EMBDEN Roeroort And in the most Southern part of the LOW COUNTRY Part of the Dutchy of BRABANT Bosleduc Breda Berg op Zom Willemftad Steenberg Lillo Part of the Dutchy of LIMBOURG Maestricht Part of the County of FLANDERS Escluse Ardenbourg Middelbourg Isendiâ—k Biervliet Ter-Neuse Philippine Patience Lifkenshoeck In AFRICA or AFRIQUE AFRICA or LYBIA Upon the Coast or near The Country of the NEGRO'S Arguin Goeree GUINEE St. George de la Mine Fort of Nassau AETHIOPIA The Isles of St. THOMAS Cuidad de Pavoasan LOANDA St. Pol de Loanda In ASIA And in the East INDIES On the Coasts of COROMANDEL SIAM Gueldres Malaca And in the East INDIAN ISLES On the Coasts of Isle of CEYLAN Isle of JAVA Colombo Jacatra or Batavia Part of the MOLUCQUES to wit in TERNATE Talouque Maylaye Tacomma MOTIR Nassau MAQUIAM Taffason Naffaguia or Maurice Tabillola or Telebola BACHIAN Labolia Gamineduore About the MOLUCQUES to wit in GILOLO Zabou AMBOYNE Coubella Lovio Hittou Ambeyne NERA Isle of Banda Nassau Belgique Revenge POLEWAY Isle of Banda Nassau Belgique Revenge Between CHINA and JAPON HERMOSO Zeland In AMERICA or AMERIQUE MERIDIONALE Part of BRAZILE where are the Capitanies of FERNAMBUCO Olinde TAMRACA Tamaraca PARAYBA Parayba RIO GRANDE Potengi CIARA Ciara MARAGNAN Maragnan And near the Coast of VENEZUELA the Isle of Curacao GERMANY about the Danube may be considered in three Parts viz. Higher or SOVABIA which is subdivided into two parts to wit SOVABE or SOVABIA where are The Bishopricks of Ausbourg Dilengen Fuessen Constance Mersbourg Coire Marsoila The Dutchy of Wirtenberg Stutgard Tubingue The Marquisate of Burgau Guntzbourg Part of the Marquisate of Baden Durlach Baden Thirteen Counties among the which are Furstenberg Meâ—kirâ—k Hohenberg Ehingen Rhinfeld Rhinfenden Lauffenbourg Divers Baronies c. The Barony of Waldbourg Thirty five Cities of the EMPIRE among the which Beyond the Danube are Ausbourg Constance Lindau Uberlingue Memmingue Kempten Ravensbourg On this side the Danube are Ulme Norlingue Drinckespuhel Awlen Halle Hailbron Eslingue Guemunde SWISSES or SWITZERLAND under the name of which is understood Thirteen Cantons where of The principal Cities are Basle Berne Zurich Lucerne Soleurne Fribourg Schasshouse Twelve or Thirteen Allies among the which are The Abby and City of St. Gall. The Bishoprick of Sion The Grisons Coire The Bishoprick of Porentruy The Cities of Geneve Mulhausen Newchastel Rotweil Twenty or Twenty five Subjects among the which are The County of Chiavenne The Val Teline Sondrio Wormes or Bormio The Balliages and Cities of Lugan Bellinâ—one Bade Frawenfeld Mean or BAVARIA which is divided into three parts and where are The Estates of the Dukedom of TIROL which comprehendeth The County of Tirol where are Inspruck Tirol Cufstaâ—ne Towards the Lake of Constance the Counties of Feldkirch Bregaz The Protection of the Bishopricks of Trente Brixen The Estates of the Dutchy of BAVARIA where are comprised The Dutchy of Bavaria Higher Munich Landsperg Lower Landshout Straubing Between the Ecclesiasticks The Archbishoprick of Saltzbourg The Bishopricks of Passau Ratisbone Frissingue The Provost of Berehtogade Between the Laicks The Palatinate of Newbourg The County of Hag. Cities of the Emperour Ratisbone Ingolstat Dona-wert The Estates of the Palatinate of BAVARIA which are In the Country of the Palatinate of Bavaria Amberg To the Princes of the House Palatine Sultzbach In the Palatinate of Newbourg Burglenfelt To the Bishoprick of Aichster Aichster In the Langrave of Leuchtenberg Pfreinâ— Lower or AUSTRICHE or AUSTRIA which is divided into two parts to wit Archbishoprick of AUSTRIA Higher Lintz Ens or Ems Wells Freystat Mean Crems Horne Stain Lower Vienne Newstat Bade And the Hereditary Estates of AUSTRIA to wit The Dutchy of Stitle Higher Pruck Lower Graecz Pettau The Dutchy of Carnithie Higher Villach Gurcz Mean St. Veit Lower Lavemunde The Dutchy of Carniole Higher or Seiche Gorice Gradisque Czirknicz Lower Laubach The County of Cilley Cilley The Windishmarch or Marquisate of Vindes Metling Rudolsswerd The SUISSES or SWITZERLAND and that which we understand under the name ought to be considered in three Parts to wit in Thirteen Cantons which following their Antiquity are URI 1308 SUISSE 1308 UNDERWALD 1308 LUCERNE 1332 ZURIOH 1351 ZUG 1352 GLARIS 1352 BERNE 1353 FRIBOURG 1481 SOLEURNE 1481 BASLE 1501 SCHASFHOUSE 1501 APPENZEL 1513 or following their Ranges c. Zurich Protestant Zurich Winterthur Stein Grisfensee Eglifou Berne Protestant Berne Lausanne Yverdon Nyon Mouldon Morges Peterlingen Vevay Lemzbourg Burgdoâ—f Aarbourg Bruck Thun Lucerne Catholick Lucerne Sursce Sempach Uri Catholick Altorf Suisse Catholick Suitz or Suisse Underwald Catholick Stantastad Zug Catholick Zug Glaris Catholick and Protestant Glaris Basle Protestant Basle Fribourg Catholick Fribourg Corbers Gryers Soleurne Catholick Soleurne Schafshouse Protestant Schafshouse Appenzel Catholick Appenzel Their Allies which are The Abbe and City of St. GAL in Suisse Wyll St. Gall. The Bishoprick of SION or County of Valais Sittin or Sion Martinath The GRISONS divided into three Leagues or Confederacies as Higher or Grise Ilantz Dissentis Of the House of God Coir or Chur Furstenow Puschiaâ—e Of the ten Communalties Tafas Meyenfeld The Cities In Alsace or Alsatia Mulhausen In Sovabia Rotweil Towards the Franche County Bienne Neuchastel Vallangin In Savoy Geneve The Bishopricks of Basle in Suisse Porentruy Nuenftar or Bonneville Delmont Constance in Sovabia and Suisse Mersbourg Arbon Bischofszel Bollingen Keiserstul Clingenow Reichenau Steekburne Coire in the Grisons Marsoilachau Their Subjects viz. Subjects to the Cantons as At Glaris the County of Werdenberg Ar Zurich the County of Altsax Foriteckchau At Suisse and Glaris the Balliages of Gastal Uznach At Berne and
part where are The Dutchies of And the Charollois in part Charolles Brabant Leuvain Brusselles Limbourg Limbourg Luxembourg Luxembourg Thionville Guelderland in part Ruremonde The Counties of Flanders Gand or Gaunt Lille Artois Arras St. Omer Hainault Mons Valenciennes Namur Namur The Marquisate of the Empire where is Anvers or Antwerp The Signieury of Malines Malines And near the LOW COUNTRY The Archbishoprick and Signieury of Cambray Cambray The County of Linghen Lighen To the R t Hon John Egerton Earle of Bridgewater Visc Berckley Bar t of Elsmere L d Leiutenant Buckingham Shire one of L d of his Matys most Hon. Privi Councell c. This Mapp is Humbly Dedicated by R B A GENERALL MAPP OF THE EMPIRE OF GERMANY with its severall Estates Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King c. GERMANY AND BELGIUM Or THE Low Countries Its Bounds Latitude and Longitude GERMANY is in the midst of those three parts which we have placed in the middle of Europe and extends it self from 45 ½ unto 54 ½ degrees of Latitude and from the 28th unto the 41 of Longitude This position shews that it lies in the middle of the Temperate Zone This Germany may be considered in three great parts of which each may be subdivided into three others We will call the great parts Germany about the Rhine Germany about the Danube and Germany about the Elbe and the Oder all which with its lesser parts are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of Germany according to which method we will proceed and then the first will be the Franche County or BVRGVNDY which is bounded with Bress Switzerland Lorraine and Champaine It s ancient Inhabitants were the Hedui who first called Julius Caesar into France and its People are at present esteemed warlike marching under the Colours of divers Princes and are known by the name of Walloons It is a Country so fertil that it hath been called the Flower of France within whose bounds some do esteem it It hath for its chief places 1. Besanson the Metropolis of Burgundy seated on the banks of the Doux a City of good strength and beauty and made an Vniversity by the commands of Charles the Fifth and Pope Julio the Third 2. Dole in the Balliage of Dole a Town of great strength riches and beauty famous for its Colledge of Jesuites 3. Gray in the Balliage of Amont and 4. Salius in the Balliage of Aval of some account for its rich Salt Fountain Besides these places in Burgundy are numbred 20 walled Towns and about 160 Lordships Province of Lorrain LORRAINE bordering on Burgundy famous for having had for its Duke Godfrey Sirnamed Bulloigne the Recoverer of the Holy Land from the Turks its Dukes now enjoy little else save the Title the Country being seized by the French It is of a fertil Soil affording plenty of Corn and Wine and hath store of Salt It s chief places are 1. Nancy in the Balliage of Francois once dignified with the Seat of the Duke 2. Vandrevange 3. Mirecourt 4. Vancoleur the Birth-place of Joan de Pucelle 5. Pont-a-Mason so named by reason of its Bridge over the Mosa 6. Metz and 7. Toul Country of Barrois Between this Province and Champaine lieth the Country of BARROIS and belongeth to Lorrain whence the eldest Sons of these Dukes were styled Princes of Barri It s chief places are Bar-le-Duc and St. Michael The several parts of the Catholick Low Countries The Catholick LOW COVNTRIES may be contained under the Dukedoms of Brabant Limbourg and Luxembourg the Earldoms of Flanders Artois Haynaut and Namur the Marquisate of the Empire the Signiory of Malines c. The whole Country is exceeding fertil yet found not very advantagious to the Spaniards who are Masters of it Dukedom of Brabant BRABANT for the most part of an ungrateful Soil yet well inhabited and stored with walled Towns and Villages the chief amongst which are 1. Lovaine a fair and large City being about four miles in circuit within its Walls and six without wherein are many delightful Gardens and Meadows and is of note for its Vniversity where there is a Seminary for English Jesuits 2. Brussels a City for its fairness and elegancy of its Buildings its extent being as large as Lovaine giveth place to few in the Netherlands It is at present the residence of the Spanish Governour for the Low Countries and 3. Breda once the Seat of the Prince of Orange till taken by the Spaniards City of Antwerp To the Dukedom of Brabant doth belong the Marquisate of the EMPIRE whose chief place is Anvers or Antwerp seated on the Schelde out of which it hath eight Channels cut the biggest of which are capable to receive about 100 great Ships which doth much facilitate its Trade it is a fair and large City being about seven or eight miles in circuit within its Walls which are strong high and broad enough for Coaches to pass on which the Nobility and Gentry commonly use to recreate themselves In this City are abundance of Painters and Gravers whose work is well received abroad To this Dukedom doth also belong the Signiory of Malines whose chief place bears the same name likewise the Archbishoprick and Imperial City of Cambria of good account and the Bishoprick and Imperial City of Liege seated on the Meuse a Town of good beauty being so filled with fair Abbies and Monasteries that it is called the Paradice of the Priests Dutchy of Limbourg LIMBOVRG hath many good Towns the chief of which are 1. Limbourg seated on the Banks of the Weser and giveth name to the Dutchy 2. Mastrich a place of great strength being held almost impregnable yet was gained lately by the French but through the assistance of the English under the command of his Grace James Duke of Monmouth 3. Dalen fortified with a Castle c. Dukedom of Luxembourg LVXEMBOVRG Northwards of Lorrain said to contain about 1000 Villages and 23 walled Towns the chief of which are 1. Luxembourg seated on the Elze 2. Thionville which with the other places suffered much in the time of the Wars betwixt France and Spain Forrest of Ardenna The Spaw In this Province is the famous Forrest of Ardenna once about 500 miles in compass now scarce 90 and in it or on its edges is the no less famous Waters of the Spaw so much frequented by the Europeans in and about the Month of July being found exceeding good for several Diseases in the body Man FLANDERS Earldom of Flanders described FLANDERS should be the most famous of all these Countries since it communicates its name to them all it is divided into Tutone Wallone and Imperiale The chief Cities and places in this Earldom are 1. Ghent whose Walls are seven miles in compass and was once of great beauty but now through the Seditiousness of its Inhabitants it is much ruinated a good part of it being
toleration of all Religions It is seated on the Tay which like a large but calm Sea floweth on the North-side and the River Amster taking its course from the South through three Lakes entreth the City passeth through it and falleth into the Tay. This City may be said to be the greatest Haven Town in the VVorld where there are commonly to be seen about a 1000 Sail of Ships to ride and by reason of its vast Trade to Foreign parts is found to have great plenty of all known Commodities as being general Traders to most places of Traffick 2. Rotterdam famous for giving Birth to Erasmus 3. Delft inhabited most by Brewers and their Relations 4. Harlem where Printing was first invented and the first Book that ever was Printed was Tully's Offices 5 Leyden dignified with a famous Vniversity the Town consisteth of 41 Islands the passage from one to the other being by Boats and Bridges there being about 40 of Wood and 110 of Stone 6. Dort where in Anno 1618. was held a National Synod against the Arminians 7. Brille 8. Alemar 9. Incluse and 10 the Hague a Village but the largest in the VVorld equalizing many fair Cities numbring about 2000 Houses and is very populous it is adorned with the Palaces of the States General who have here their Assemblies It will not be improper to speak of the power of these States by Sea which is so great than in Holland Zeland and Friezland they are able to put forth to Sea about 2500 Sail of Ships for burthen and war Nor can it be forgot how Margaret A strange Birth of 365 Children Sister to Floris the Fourth Earl of Holland had at one Birth being 42 years of Age 365 Children which were all Christned in two Basons in the Church of Lasdunen by Guido Bishop of Vtrecht who named the Males all Johns and the Females Elizabeths and the Basons are yet to be seen in the said Church The Earldom of ZELAND quasi Sea and Land Zeland consisting of seven Islands the remainder of fifteen which the Seas are said to have swallowed up in which were abundance of good Towns and Villages The seven Isles yet remaing are 1. Walcheren whose principal Towns are Middlebourg once enjoying a good Trade by the residence of the English Merchant-Adventurers and Flushing the first Town that the States took from the Spaniards being now a place of good strength and held to be the Key of the Netherlands The second Isle is South Beverland whose chief Town is Tergowse The third Schoven where are Sirexee and Brevers Haven The fourth Tolen whose principal place is Tertolenâ— the other three Islands are North-Beverland Duveland and Wolferdike This Country is destitute of Fresh-water and Wood but in recompence is very fertil in Grains Earldom of Zutphen The Earldom of ZVTPHEN whose chief places are Zutphen seated on the Yssel a place of great strength Barony of utrecht The Barony of VTRECHT North of Holland hath 70 Villages and 5 walled Towns the chief of which are 1. Vtrecht a City commodiously feated for passage by Boats to divers other Towns which with the benefit of the common Ferries one may go in a day from hence to any of the 59 walled Towns equally distant from it and to Dinner to any of the 26 Towns and return at Night 2. Rhenen 3. Amsford 4. Wicket and 5. Montfort Barony of Overyssel The Barony of OVERYSSEL bounded on the East with Wesphalia its chief places are Deventer and Swoll in the quarter of Saland Oldenzee in the quarter of Tuente and Goevorden in the quarter of Drente Westfriezlands The Barony of WEST-FRIEZLAND is bounded on the VVest and North with the Sea is said to number 340 Villages and 10 Towns the chief of which are 1. Louvarden where there is held the Common Council for the Province 2. Harlingen a Maritim Town 3. Franicker of late made a University and 4. Dockum Groningue The Barony of GRONINGVE is a Town in West-Friezland having under its Jurisdiction 145 Villages of which the chief are Groningue Old Haven and Keykerke Under the name of Germany beyond the Rbine we comprehend Franconia Hessia and Westphalia Province of Franconia The Province of FRANCONIA is divided into three parts viz. into Ecclesiasticks or Bishopricks Laicks and Imperial Cities the Bishopricks are those of Writzberg Bamberg and Mergetheim Cites of good account the Laicks are the Marquisates of Cullembach and Onspach and the Counties of Holas whose chief place is Weickersheim and Wertheim whose chief place bears the same name and the Imperial Cities are 1. Nuremberg seated in a barren Soil yet by reason of the Industry of its Inhabitants is a place of good Riches and well frequented by Merchants for their Wares known by the name of Nuremberg-Wares 2. Francfort seated on the Moene which severeth it into two parts but joyned together by a fair Bridge It is encompassed with a strong double Wall it is a Free City of the Empire and famous for the two Fairs or Marts for Books here annually held the one in Lent and the other in September and 3. Schweinfurt Lantgravedom of Hassia The Lantgravedom of HASSIA Eastwards of Saxony its chief places are 1. Cassel a City seated in a fertil Soil yet of no great beauty 2. Marpurg an Vniversity and the Seat of the Second House of the Lantgraves and 3. Dormestad the Seat and Inheritance of the youngest House of the Lantgraves To this Province doth belong the Country of WALDECK whose Earls are subject to the Lantgraves its chief place is Gorbach Likewise to this Province belongeth WETTERAVIA whose chief places are Nassau Solins Hanâ—u and Isenbourg Province of Westphalia The Province of WESTPHALIA is divided into three parts to wit Ecclesiasticks Counties and Imperial Cities This Province was the ancient habitation of the Saxons the Soil is very fertil wonderfully stored with Acorns which makes their Swines-flesh excellent and so much esteemed The chief places in the Ecclesiasticks are those of Paderborne Minde and Arensberg also the Bishopricks of Collen Munster and Triers The Bishoprick of COLLEN taketh up a great part of Westphalia Bishoprick of Collen c. and hath for its chief place Collen a City well stored with Schools for the education of Youth and here according to Report were interr'd the Bodies of the three Wise-men which came from the East to worship our Saviour vulgarly called the three Kings of Collen The Bishoprick of MVNSTER hath its chief place so called seated on the River Ems where there is a Monastery so called built by Charles the Great 2. Warendrop and 3. Herwerden The Bishoprick of TRIERS hath for its chief places 1. Triers an ancient City seated on the Moselle 2. Bopport seated on the said River and 3. Engers The Counties belonging to Westphalia The Counties belonging to the Province of Westphalia are 1. EMBDEN whose chief place is Aurick 2. OLDENBOVRG whose chief place is
mounting towards the North Aggerhus whose chief place or Castle is so called to which these Towns following are subject 1. Opslow or Asloya dignified with an Episcopal See as also with the Courts of Judicature 2. Schou of good account for its Copper and Iron-Mines and 3. Frederickstad BERGENHVS or BERGEN whose chief place is so called Bergenhus dignified with an Episcopal See and the residence of the Governour once a famous City of Trade and one of the ancient Mart-Towns of Europe yet still by reason of its scituation at the bottom of a deep Arm of the Ocean called by them Carmefunt where it hath a commodious Port is well frequented by Merchants who bring them Corn Bread Wine Beer Aquaâ—vitae and the like Commodities to supply their wants and in exchange take Stock-fish Furs Deals Firrs Cordage Pitch Masts c. TRONTHEINHVS or TRONDENHVS Trontheinhus whose chief place and Castle where the Governour resideth is so called it is dignified with the Metropolitan Archbishoprick of all Norway once a fair City as being the Seat of their Kings till the Danes became Masters of this Country who have reduced this City to a small Town WARDHVS seated beyond Cape Nort Wardhus which is the most Northern point of Europe It s chief place and Castle where the Governour resideth except during the absence of the Sun which is for about three Months in the year is so called This Town is serviceable to the King because it was the Luppians their Neighbours as also commandeth the Natives and profitable because all the Ships going to Moscovy must of necessity touch here To the Norwegian King do belong divers Lands and Isles in the Northern Sea and in America Artick the chief of which are Groenland Izland Farre c. which I shall treat of in the Description of America SWEDEN THe Estates of the Swede are all on the Baltick Sea and take up all those Regions which are on the West East and North of this Sea and is Southwards of Poland Germany and Denmark The Estates of the Swede are bounded on the West and North by the Estates of Denmark The Bounds of Sweden with its parts on the East by those of Moscovy and on the South by the Black Sea Poland and Denmark they comprehend six principal Regions viz. Sweden Lapland Gothland Finland Ingra and Livonie SWEDEN Sweden particularly so called is divided into the parts of Sueonie and Norland in both which are several Provinces which are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of Sweden It is bounded on the East with Sinus Bodicus on the West the Dofrine Hills and on the South Gothland The Country is very fruitful and delicious unless in some places occasioned by the cragginess of the Mountaine the great Marishes yet undrain'd and the vast Woods yet standing The places of most note in this part are 1. Stockholm seated in a watry Marish in part upon the Lake Meller and in part on the East Sea out of which the great Trade for Shipping to this City doth come its Port being capacious and safe which is defended by two powerful Forts as also the City by an impregnable Castle well furnished with Ammunition This City being the residence of the King as the Metropolitan City whose Palace is more renowned for its Antiquity than Magnificence makes it to be a place of a considerable Trade and well frequented 2. Vpsal seated not far from the Bay of Bodner dignified with a See of an Archbishop as also with an Vniversity and beautified with a Cathedral Church no less large than fair formerly the Burial place of the Swedish Kings 3. Nikoping a Maritim Town of good strength 4. Copordel famous for its abundance of Brass 5. Westeras or Arosia of note for its rich Mines of Silver which are exceeding profitable to the King 6. Hudwickswalde seated on the Sea or Gulph of Botnie 7. Orebrog 8. Gevala 9. Indal 10. Hernosand and 11. Torne LAPLAND is the most Northern part of Scandinavia the People are barbarous Lapland rude void of Arts or Letters great Idolaters Sarcerers and Witches for which the place is famous or rather infamous of stature they are low but strong and active expert in the Bow with which they kill their wild Beasts in hunting eating the Flesh and clothing themselves with the Skins which they tie about them to preserve them from the pinching Cold. Lapland is divided into five parts viz. Vina-Lapmarck Pita-Lapmarck Luna-Lapmark Torne-Lapmarck and Kimi-Lapmarck and these parts are but thinly beset with Towns contenting themselves with Sheds and Cabins which they remove from place to place as occasion serveth It s chief places I have set down in the Geographical Table of Sweden GOTHLAND is divided into Ostro-Gothland and Westro-Gothland that is Gothland the Land of the Eastern and Western Goths and these two parts are subdivided into several Provinces viz. Ostro-Gothland Smalandie and Oelald in the first part and Westro-Gothland Dalie and Vermeland in the other part This is the richest and best Province of the North and very fertil in Corn and Cattle in it is the famous Lake Wenir or Werett which receiving 24 Rivers disburthens it self at one Mouth and with such noise and fury that it beareth the name of the Devils-head The places of most note in Ostro-Gothland are 1. Wadstein seated on a Lake 2. Calmar on the confines of Denmark seated on the Baltick Sea a large City enjoying a good Trade having a commodious Port defended by a strong and beautiful Castle 3. Linkoping and 4. Vexio both Episcopal Sees 5. Westerwick commodiously seated on the Baltick Sea In Westro-Gothland are the places of 1. Gotheburg or Lodusia a Town of great Trade by reason of its fair and commodious Haven 2. Scara an Episcopal Sea 3. Daleburg a fair Town well fortified with a strong Castle and 4. Carolstad FINLAND hath on the East Sinus Finicus Finland on the South the Baltick Sea on the West Sinus Bodicus and on the North Bodinus The Inhabitants according to Tacitus are very barbarous and poor being destitute of Arms except Bow and Arrows Horse and Houshold-goods contenting themselves with Herbs for their food the Skins of Beasts for their clothing and the Ground for their Bed yet it is said to be very populous in Towns and Families the chief amongst which are 1. Abo seated at the bottom of the Bay of Finland which separates this Province from Livonia dignified with the See of a Bishop 2. Bienborg 3. Raumo 4. Hadhendal and 5. Castleholm in the Isle of Aland United Provinces to Finland Provinces united to Finland are 1. CAJANIE whose chief places are Vla Wassa and Cajaneborg 2. SAVOLAX whose chief place is Nislot 3. TAVASTE which hath for its chief place Tavasthus 4. NYLAND whose chief places are Borgo a place of great strength near to which within the confines of Moscovy are the two strong Frontier Towns of Viburg and Rivallia the keeping
Lea hath a Market on Tuesdays which is well provided with Commodities a place well known to many for its great Bed Stratford Stratford or Bishops-Stratford seated on the side of a Hill a very large fair and well inhabited and frequented Market Town full of Inns for the giving entertainment to Strangers and its Market on Thursdays is very well resorted unto and provided with Provisions and most Country Commodities Here are the ruins of a Castle raised on an artificial Mount within which is a deep and dark Dungeon called the Convicts Prison by which it may be supposed that some great Priviledges did belong unto it Baldock Baldock a considerable large Town seated between the Hills in a Chalky Soil fit for Corn of chief note for its many Maulsters yet its Market on Thursdays is but small Royston a famous Market Town Royston which is kept on Wednesdays for Corn and Mault here made being seated in a fat Soil and between Hills in a bottom The Town is large well inhabited and full of Inns part being in this County and part in Cambridgeshire Herefordshire described HEREFORDSHIRE a County every where exceeding fertil having great plenty of Grains and rich Pastures which feed store of Cattle especially Sheep whose Wool is much esteemed for its finess and for Wheat Wool and Water it yieldeth to no County in England It is well clothed with Wood and watered with Rivers the chief amongst which are the Wye Munow Wades Doive Lugg Froom c. All Fruits here grow in great plenty and of their Apples they make such abundance of Sider that besides what they use themselves it being their general drink of late years it is become a considerable Commodity especially that which is called Red-streak It s ancient Inhabitants were the Silures a stout and warlike People who sorely perplexed the Romans for 9 years space through the valour and noble exploits of their Commander Charactacus and became afterwards part of the Kingdom of the Mercians It is divided into 11 Hundreds in which are numbred 176 Parish Churches and hath Traffick with 8 Market Towns Hereford Hereford a City of great antiquity and raised out of the ancient Arconium now called Kenchester about 3 miles distant a place of good account in the time of the Romans and so continued until it was shaken to pieces by a violent Earthquake It is no less pleasantly than commodiously seated amongst delightful Meadows and rich Corn-fields and almost encompassed with Rivers to wit the Wye and two others over which are two Bridges It is of a large place beautified with good Buildings both publick and private amongst which are the Bishops Palace the Colledge the Cathedral the Prebends houses and Hospital and numbreth 6 Parish Churches two of which in the late Troubles were demolished besides its Cathedral to which belongeth a Bishop Dean Chancellor 6 Canons 27 Prebends with a Chanter Treasurer 12 Vicars Choral besides Deacons Queristers and other Attendants This City enjoyeth large Immunities sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Major 6 Aldermen a Common Council Recorder and other sub-Officers and is very well served with Commodities having weekly 3 Markets on Wednesdays Fridays and Saturdays which are of considerable account that on Fridays for Cattle Sheep and Hogs and the other for Grain and all sorts of Provisions besides Gloves here made and sold in great quantities Near to this City is Gilden Vale so called from the fertility of the Soil and pleasant scituation Ross Ross seated in a fertil Soil on the banks of the Wye a fair Borough Town which hath a very great Market on Thursdays for Corn Cattle and Provisions being much resorted unto by the Inhabitants of Gloucestershire and Monmouthshire Lidbury Lidbury near adjoyning to Malvern Hills a fine well built Town seated in a rich Clayey-ground much inhabited by Clothiers who drive a good Trade and its Market on Tuesdays is well served with Corn Cattle and Provisions Lemster a large ancient and pleasant Town Lemster seated in a rich Soil and on the Lugg which runneth through it over which are several Bridges It is governed by a Bayliff a Recorder Justices of the Peace and 24 of the Chamber or Common Council it sendeth Burgesses to Parliament and hath a very good Market on Fridays for Corn Cattle Sheep Provisions Hops and Wool for which this Town is of note it being called Lemster-Ore Kyneton also seated on the Arrow a pretty large and well built Town Kyneton whose Inhabitants drive a good Trade for narrow Cloths It s Market on Wednesdays for Corn Cattle Provisions and several Country Commodities is esteemed the best in the County County of Huntington described HVNTINGTONSHIRE a County for the generality of a fertil Soil both for Corn and Tillage garnished with delightful Hills and towards the East where it joyneth on the Fens it hath rich Pasturage which feed store of Cattle It is well watered with Rivers the chief amongst which is the Ouse which divideth it self into several streams It is severed into 4 Hundreds in which are seated 79 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 5 Market Towns Huntington Huntington pleasantly seated on a rising Ascent and on the North-banks of the Owse over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge which leadeth to Godmanchester on the other side of the Owse a very large County and ancient Borough Town seated in a rich Soil and well inhabited by Yeomen and Farmers It is a Town of great antiquity was once very populous numbring no less than 15 Parish Churches which are now reduced to 4 and enjoyed great Immunities and had a Mint for Coynage At present it is dignified with the title of an Earldom sendeth Burgesses to Parliament is governed by a Major 12 Aldermen of which the Major is one and Burgesses is well inhabited and frequented and the rather as being a thorough-fate Town from London Cambridge and other Southern parts of England into the North and into Scotland and also for being the place where the Assizes are kept for the County and its Market on Saturdays is very well served with Provisions St. Ives St. Ives so called from one Ivo a Persian Bishop who 't is said about the year 600 travelled through England preaching the Gospel and here ended his days and his Body was from hence removed to Ramsey Abbey a fair large and ancient Town seated on the Owse over which it hath a very good Stone-bridge hath a Market on Mondays which is well served with Provisions and is of chief note for living Cattel St. Neots so called from Neotus St. Neots a Monk of Glastenbury a large and well built Town beautified with a neat Church is commodiously seated on the Owse over which it hath a fair Stone-bridge which leadeth to Bedfordshire It s Market is on Thursdays which is well served with Provisions and through the commodiousness of the Owse the Neighbouring Towns are
and its Markets on Wednesdays and Saturdays are very great and well provided with Corn Flesh Fish and Fowl It was formerly a Major Town but at present a Bailiwick Bridgwater seated on a navigable River Bridgwater over which it hath a fine Stone-bridge It is a large well frequented and inhabited Borough Town hath the election of Parliament men is governed by a Major and other sub-Officers was formerly a place of good account having a Castle and an Abby It s Market is on Thursdays which is well served with Corn and Provisions and in the Summer season with Cattle Mynehead seated on the Sea-shoar a Borough Town Mynehead electing Parliament men hath a very good harbour for Ships of a considerable burthen to ride in and is a place of some Trade especially into Ireland yet its Market is but small County of Stafford The County of STAFFORD seated much about the midst of England of a healthful Air and different Soil the Southern parts being generally barren as sandy gravelly or heathy except on the banks of the Rivers yet by the Husbandmans pains in manuring it it beareth good Corn and the Northern parts are hilly and full of grat Heaths and Moors and is made use of for seeding of Cattle And although an Inland County yet by reason of the many Rivers and Brooks it is plentifully furnished with excellent Fish To speak of the Country in general there are more Heaths Moors and wast Ground than in any County in England as to its bigness insomuch that you may go the whole length of the County and see little but Heaths and Moors but these are not without profit as breeding store of Sheep Conies and Deer as well as pleasure for the Gentleman both for the Hawk Gun and Hound and for Parks and Warrens few Counties doth exceed it The Commodities that this Shire affordeth to others are Cattle Sheep Horses Butter Cheese Wool Bacon Iron Iron-ware chiefly Nails Alablaster c. The number of Parishes are 130 and hath 18 Market Towns many of which are of considerable account Litchfield Litchfield a City and County of it self seated in a pleasant Champain Country divided from the Cathedral and Close but joyned together by two Bridges and Cawseys It is a City of great antiquity formerly called Licidfeld that is the Field of dead Bodies which name it had from the great number of Christians there slain in the Dioclesian Persecution and here Oswin King of the Northumbers having vanquished the Pagan Mercians erected a Church and made it the Episcopal See of Duina the Bishop which afterwards was made an Archiepiscopal Pale by Pope Hadrian in the Reign of King Offa which dignity expired with his life This City is well built is indifferent large containing 3 Parish Churches besides its Cathedral a beautiful and curious Structure adjoyning to which is the Bishops Palace and the Prebends-houses the Streets are payed and well ordered and is a place much frequented by Gentry It is governed by 2 Bailiffs a Sheriff which are elected out of 24 Burgesses a Recorder Town Clerk with sub-Officers and amongst its Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament Its Markets are on Tuesdays and Fridays which are plentifully served with Corn and Provisions Stafford Stafford well seated on the River Sowe amongst rich Meadows a fair Town indifferent large containing 2 Parish Churches hath a Free School and a fine square Market-place in which the Shire-Hall is kept for the Assigâ—â— and Sessions of the County the Streets are paved and well ordered and its Houses well built it is governed by a Major and Burgesses hath a Recorder Town Clerk and 2 Serjeants at Mace The Town enjoys large Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament is well inhabited and frequented and its Markets which is on Saturdays is well served with Corn Flesh and other Provisions New-Castle under Line New-Castle seated on a little Rivulet a large Town Corporate governed by a Major Bailiffs and Burgesses hath a Court of Record to hold plea in all Personal Actions under 40 l. and amongst its Immunities sends Burgesses to Parliament It hath a great Market on Mondays for Cattle some Horses and Sheep with plenty of Provisions and after Low-Monday a Market or rather a Fair every Fortnight for some time Vttoxater uttoxater pleasantly seated near the Banks of the Dove amongst excellent Pasturage The Town is not very well built but pretty large hath a well built Market-place and its Market which is on Wednesdays is said to be one of the greatest in these parts of England for Cattle Sheep Swine Butter Cheese Corn and all Provisions Tamworth Tamworth seated on the Banks of the Tame which divides the Town one part being in this County and the other in Warwickshire The Town at present is of good account though not of that splendor as in former times being incorporated governed by Bailiffs a high Steward under-Steward Recorder and other sub-Officers sends Burgesses to Parliament and hath a Market on Saturdays which is indifferent good for Corn and Provisions and in the Spring time for Cattle and Sheep Walsall Walsall seated on the top of a Hill a well-built Town Corporate governed by a Major and other sub-Officers hath a Court of Record enjoyeth a good Trade for divers Manufactures made of Iron as Nails Bridle-bits Stirrups Spurs and also Bellows here made in great plenty yet its Market which is on Tuesdays is not very great Wolverhampton pleasantly seated on a Hill Wolverhampton beautified with reasonable well built Houses and its Streets handsomly paved is much frequented by Gentry hath a neat Collegiate Church and its Market which is on Wednesdays is very considerable for Corn Cattle and Provisions being esteemed the second Market Town in the County County of Suffolk described SVFFOLK a County of a various Soil and consequently hath sundry growths and Manufactures the Eastern parts all along the Coasts and for 5 or 6 miles Inland are generally very bleak but healthy sandy full of small Hills and Springs and employed in Tillage for Rye Peas Brank Hemp and for Sheep-walks The more Inland part commonly called High-Suffolk or the Wood-lands is pretty level close and dirty and is made use of chiefly for Dayries driving a great trade for their Butter and Cheese and the parts about Bury are Champain and affordeth great store of grain of all sorts It is a County of a large extent is well stored with Parks watered with fresh Streams and blest with a most healthful and sweet Air which makes it to be so well inhabited by Gentry and is traded unto by 27 Market Towns and numbreth 575 Parish Churches Ipswich seated by the Banks of the Orwell Ipswich near the place where its fresh Water and salt meet which with the Tide gives it the conveniency of a Key 'T is a place of great antiquity and was once fenced about with a Wall or Rampier which was thrown down by the
its Buildings especially in its Suburbs which is severed from the City by a Wall which gives entrance by six Gates As touching the Trade of this Kingdom I shall include it under this City as being the chief place of Traffick The Commodities exported are the product of the Country already treated of and those imported are all sorts of English Commodities especially Apparel Silks Stuffs c. also Wines Oils and several other Commodities Their Coins as being under the Jurisdiction of England have correspondency therewith and are here currant as also those of Spain and an Irish Pound which consisteth of 20 s. is but 15 s. sterling which makes their Shilling but 9 d. sterling And as to their Weights and Measures they are the same with those of England where see further Wickle seated on the Sea Wickle where over the narrow Haven there standeth a Rock enclosed with a strong Wall instead of a Castle and serveth for a place of defence New-Castle a Town which regardeth the Sea Newcastle where there are Shelves of Sand which they call the Grounds reaching a great length between which and the Shoar is said to be about seven Fathom water Houth seated on the River Liffy at its fall into the Sea Houth which almost encloseth it Malcheal also seated on the Sea Malcheal nigh unto which is a small Isle called Lambey County of East-Meath described EAST-MEATH a County watered with the noble River Boyn which cutteth the Country into two parts and after it hath received the Waters of Lough-Ranmore dischargeth it self into the Sea It is severed into twelve Baronies viz. Moyfenragh Dunboyne Ratoth Duleeke Kells Morgallon Skreen Navan Lune Slane Foore and Decce And hath for its chief place Trim seated on the River Boyne a Town of good account and Trade Trim. Aboy a well inhabited and frequented Town Aboy Navan Drodagh Slane Navan Drodagh and Slane which also hath a Barony County of West-Meath described WEST-MEATH so called as lying Westwards as the other is for lying Eastwards It is divided into twelve Baronies viz. Farbill Moyeashell Clunlonan Brawney Moygoish Delvin Corkery Demyfoore Maheredernon Rathconrath Kilkenny-west and Fartullagh And hath for its chief places Molingar the chief Shire-Town Molingar as being commodiously seated in the midst of the County Delvin seated on the Summit of a Hill a Town dignified with a Barony Delvin and Kelskery Kelskery County of Longford described LONGFORD a County almost encompassed with Lakes and Rivers amongst which is the Shannon the noblest River in the Kingdom It is severed into six Baronies viz. Ardagh Granard Moydow Longford Rathline and Abbyshrewle And hath for its chief places Longford which gives name to the County seated on the Lake Eske Longford or rather on the Shannon Ardragh another good Town Ardragh County of Kildare described KILDARE a rich and fertil County severed into ten Baronies viz. Salt Nass Ikeathy or Oughtereney Claine Connel Magna Carbury Ophaly Noragh and Rabane Kilkullen half Kilcah and Moon Whose chief places are Kildare a fair Inland Town being well frequented defended by a Castle Kildare and dignified with the See of a Bishop A place much celebrated in the Infancy of the Irish Church for its St. Brigid an holy Virgin who was the Disciple of St. Patrick Mainoth defended by a Castle and is a place of good account Mainoth and well frequented Naas Athie Naas and Athie seated on the River Barrow both Towns of some account Kings County described KINGS COVNTY so called in honour to Philip King of Spain Husband to Mary Queen of England It is divided into ten Baronies viz. Cooles-Town Philips-Town Marrius-Town Ballicowen Kilcoursey Balliboy Clonliske Garricastle Ballibritt and Fercale And hath for its chief places Philips-Town or Kings-Town Philips-Town Queens-Town described QVEENS COVNTY full of Boggs and Woods is divided into eight Baronies viz. Balliadams Vpper-Ossery Portnehinch Tenehinch Cullinagh Mary-burrough Slewmargigh and Stradbally And hath for its chief places Queens-Town a place of good account and is the chief in the County Queens-Town Rheban once a City but at present of small note Rheban County of Caterlough described CATERLOVGH a fertil County and well clothed with Wood. It is severed into five Baronies viz. Ravilly Caterlough Forth Idronye and St. Mullin in part And hath for its chief places Caterlough Caterlough seated on the River Barrow of good account and strength Leighlin Leighlin also seated on the Barrow once dignified with an Episcopal See Tullo Tullo seated on the River Slane Carickbrak Areklo Carickbrak and Areklo which two last are seated on the Sea County of Wexford described WEXFORD or WEISFORD washed by the Sea a County in former time according to Ptolomy possessed by the Menapians a sort of People which came out of Low-Germany It is divided into eight Baronies viz. Gory Scarwalsh Ballagheene Bantry Shellmaleere Forth Bargy and Sheelburne And hath for its chief places Wexford Wexford supposed to be the ancient City Menapa scituate at the Mouth of the River Slane where it hath a good Haven a fair Town and of note for being the first Town that imbraced a Colony of English as also for its Herring-fishing which makes it to be well inhabited and frequented Ross Ross seated on the River Barrow which after a small course falleth into a Bay or Arm of the Sea Ternes Ternes scituate on the Slane dignified with the See of a Bishop and was in former time fortified with a Castle Eniscort Eniscort a Borough and Town Corporate County of Kilkenny described KILKENNY a very fertil County well graced with Towns is divided into ten Baronies viz. Gowran Fassaghdining Kilkenny Cranagh Galmey Callen Iverke Sheelelogher Kells Knocktopher Ida-Igrin and Ibercon And hath for its chief places Kilkenny Kilkenny seated on the River Nur which traverseth the County a fair and wealthy Borough-Town far exceeding all other Mid-land Borough-Towns in the Kingdom It is divided into the English and the Irish Town that part belonging to the English being fenced on the West-side by a Wall and defended by a Castle and that part which belongeth to the Irish being as it were the Suburbs is of the greatest Antiquity having in it the Canicks Church and is honoured with the See of the Bishop of Ossery Thomas Town Thomas Town seated beneath the River Nur a small walled Town Callan Callan seated on a River so called a Borough and Town Corporate Religious Houses Amongst the places in this Province set apart for Divine Worship these following were of great note viz. the stately Abbey called Thomas Court at Dublin built by King Henry the Second in expiation of the Murther of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury the Monasteries of St. Maries of Oustmanby and Tintern and the Abbey founded by William Marshall Earl
India he places it between the Rivers of Jiama and of Caypoumo or Pegu giving it four Leagues Circuit and making it Metropolis of the Kingdom of Caypoumo which is likewise called Canarana This Country hath Turquesses and Emeralds the fairest of all the East Cassubi is in a Plain bounded with high Hills from whence descend many streams which water the Plain where there are excellent Fruits among the rest Pomegranates the largest and best of India excellent Raisins and Manna which must be gathered before Sun-rise which else dispatches it Their Mountains are filled with savage Beasts where they get the Skins and Furs of Ermines and Sables of divers sorts all very exquisite The people of Transiana are fair and white the Women exceeding beautiful and the Men very proud They have Mines of Gold Silver and Diamonds their King keeps ordinarily 50000 Horse 1000 Elephants and paies his tribute to the King of Pegu in Horses which are very excellent Their Forests have many Wild Beasts among the rest that which gives the Bezoar The Inhabitants of Boldia are esteemed the most honest and civil of all these quarters So that they cannot but be people of Trade and indeed all these Kingdoms have divers Commodities which make them rich Pegu exceeding rich in Gold Silver and Precious Stones The Kingdom of Pegu which hath commanded and had for Subjects or Tributaries almost all these Estates and likewise others towards Sian and Sian it self cannot but be extreamly rich and powerful And truly Gold Silver Pearls and Precious Stones have been as common in the Courts of the Kings of Pegu as if all the Orient had brought all its Riches thither The Floors of Buildings the Moveables and the Vessels with which they served themselves for divertisement were so inriched within and without with Gold and Azure that it is not imaginable if we did not know this to be the Aurea Regio and likewise the Argentea Regio of Ptolomy Yet this must be believed to have been long since but however that it is at present the richest Country of all the Indies And for the same reason one of the best peopled and most powerful It s fertility and Commodities This Country by reason of the overflowing of the River Pegu which runs through the Kingdom makes it become exceeding fruitful and of a fat and rich soyl so that it produceth great abundance of Grains Fruits and other products of the Earth in great plenty Also Beasts Fowl and Fish great store of Civet-Cats from whom they take Civet Lacque which is made by Ants as Bees make Wax with us Gold Silver Precious Stones Drugs Spices Lead Sugar c. This Kingdom hath plenty of good Towns and Cities The City of Pegu the chief of the Kingdom described its Metropolis bearing the name of the Kingdom It is divided into the Old and the New the one and the other together make a Square being encompassed with a strong Wall and a great Ditch well fortified having on each side five Gates besides many Turrets richly beautified It is large strong rich and stately the King and his Nobility and Courtiers takes up the New City which is separated from the Old by a Wall and Ditch well watered in which are kept many Crocodils for the watching the place by night The Wall hath several Gates on all sides for the convenience of the people to pass in and out The Streets are very fair straight and so broad that fifteen men may ride a-breast on both sides The Houses well built having before every door Palm-trees which are set not only to make a pleasant show but also to keep the Passengers from the heat of the Sun which is very great The Palace Royal. The Palace Royal is seated in the midst of the City having its particular Wall Moat and other Fortifications the Palace being very stately and large the greatest part of the Buildings being sustained by Pillars of Jet and all the Stones so shining that those which are without represent the Neighbouring Gardens and Forests and those which are within the Paved Chambers other Rooms and the Ceilings above so well that one seemeth to walk on Gold and Azure Nor doth this his stately Palace exceed his Magnificence and Pomp without which he is never so much as seen The Old City is inhabited only by Merchants Artificers and Sea-men where there is great store of Ware-houses strongly built of Brick to prevent fire which the City is much subject unto in which the Merchants keep their Goods And for the better encrease of Trade the King doth constitute Eight Brokers whose Offices are to look after and sell the Goods as well of strangers as the Inhabitants giving a very just account thereof For which they are allowed two pence per Cent. The like is observed in the buying of Commodities And these Brokers by their places are obliged to provide Strangers or Merchants with a House and orders certain Maids of the City to go to him that out of them he may make his choice which done he contracts with her friends to pay them a certain sum for the use of her as they can agree which is not great and this Maid serveth him as his Servant by day doing what he commandeth and as his Wife by night And at the expiration of the term agreed upon he leaveth her and she goeth to her Friends without any disgrace at all The People are of a mean stature The People their Habit. nimble and strong great lovers of Women which takes them from warlike affairs in which they are not very expert Their habit is but mean contenting themselves for the most part with a piece of Linnen to cover their nakedness they all black their Teeth because they say Dogs teeth are white They are generally all Pagans Their belief and believe that God hath under him several other Gods that he is the Author of all good which arriveth to mankind But he leaveth all evils which belong to man to the Devil by reason of which they so much adore and fear him lest he should hurt them which God being good they say will not Their Devotion they perform on Mundays their Priests going about with Tin-basons making a noise to waken the People and inviting them to their devotions in which they chiefly exhort them to Morality as to avoid Theft Adultery Murder c. and to love Vertue They have a great esteem for their Priests who live a very solitary and exemplary life They have Five principal Feasts which they observe very strictly ceremoniously and with greast state and pomp Marriage not kept during life They that Marry buy their Wives of their Parents and when he is weary of her he may send her home but must lose the Money he paid for her But if she leave him as she may do then he may receive the Money paid for her SIAN or SIAM Kingdom of Sian its parts THe Kingdom of SIAN
And 7. Sebeicum a City near the Sea-shoar nigh to which are three small Isles Along the Coast are some Isles among which that of Gerbes is well known The Isle of Gerbes described formerly it was joyned to the Firm Land by a Bridge It had two Cities now hath nothing but one Castle worth notice and many Hamlets which gather little Corn but much Fruits among the rest Lotos so sweet and pleasant that the Companions of Vlysses having tasted them sought no longer to go into their Country This Isle hath about 18000 Paces circuit yields one of the greatest Revenues to the King or Bassa of Tripoli by reason of the confluence of Merchants who fetch thence Cloth and divers Scuffs and carry them to Alexandria in Egypt c. one of the principal parts of the Revenue of the same Bassa is the Saffron of the Mountain of Garian which is on the South of Tripoli And this Saffron is found the fairest and the best of all others BARCA Barca on the Coasts of Barbary described THE rest of the Coast of Barbary is now known under the name of BARCA it is bounded on the East with Egypt on the South with the Desart of Nubia on the West with Tripoli and on the North with the Mediterranean Sea which is also some of its Western bounds The Ancients called it particularly Libya comprehending that which is farther in the Land and which we call the Desart of Barca and divided this Libya into the Cyrenaick the Marmarick and Libya Exteriour This last being the nearest to Egypt the Cyrenaick to Tripoli and the Marmarick resting for the middle Likewise the most Northern and Maritim part of the Cyrenaick hath passed under the name of Pentapolis because it had five fair Cities to wit 1. Bernichum 2. Torochara 3. Ptolemais now Ptolometa and 4. Boni-Andreas and these four are on the Sea the fifth Cayroan within Land This by much the most famous was a Colony of the Lacedemonians and hath yielded Learned Men Its scituation is on an eminence that discovers the Sea and its Campaign as of those other Cities is moistned by divers Waters and their Soil so fruitful that some have esteemed the Hesperian Gardens with their Golden Apples about Berenice It s other chief Towns and Cities are 1. Barca an Inland City of some account 2. Melela 3. Careora 4. Camera 5. Zunara 6. Avium and 7. Saline All Maritim Towns and Cities and of some account Battus gave the first beginning to Cyrene and he and his Successors reigned near 200 years after which the City was sometimes in Liberty and sometimes under Tyrannism Among which Nicocrates having put to death Phaedimus Husband of Aretaphila to espouse her she endured him sometime her Husband and that until she had occasion to gain the Brother of Nicocrates named Leander to whom she gave her Daughter in marriage and by his means rid her self of Nicocrates and soon after by the means of her Daughter of Leander also and so set the City at liberty which endured till the time of Alexander the Great when the Country fell to the Ptolomies Kings of Egypt afterwards to the Romans to the Soldans of Egypt and to the Turks having almost always followed the Fortune famous of this Quarter and hath given its name to the Kingdom The Arab of Nubia makes much account of it in his time and lays out divers ways and gives the distances from this place to others farther in the Desart Moreover this quarter of five Cities is called by some Mesrata and its Inhabitants esteemed rich The fertility of the Country its Trade and Commodities They trade both with the Europeans Negroes and Abissines fetch from them Gold Ivory Civet Musk and Slaves which they transport into Europe besides their Native Commodities and bringing from Europe Corn Linnen Woolen Cloth c. which they carry to the Negroes Abissines and elsewhere It s other chief places in the Kingdom of Barca are 1. Doera 2. Forcella 3. Salinae 4. Luchun 5. Solana 6. Musolomarus 7. Cartum 8. Albertonus 9. Roxa. 10. Raibba and 11. Ripaealba All Maritim Towns and Cities and most of which having good and commodious Roads Ports and Havens and well frequented and inhabited Between Cayroan and Alexandria there is on the Coast the Port of Alberton Paraetonium which is considerable both for its goodness and greatness And sometimes the Ancients have called it Ammonia because from hence was a way to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon This Temple hath been very famous among the Pagans Bacchus returning from Asia which he had overcome caused it to be built in honour of his Father who under the shape of a Ram had shewed him as he passed with his Army where to find Water in those Desarts and he first consulted the Oracle and put it in such repute that divers other Heroes afterwards consulted it Perseus when he was sent to fetch the Head of Medusa the Gorgon Hercules going from Mauritania where he had overcome Antaeus towards Egypt where he was to defeat Busiris Alexander the Great to make it believed he was likewise the Son of Jupiter and that the Empire of the World was destin'd to him But Cambyses the Son of Cyrus having a design to pillage this Temple beheld his Army perish in these Desarts and was saved himself only to see his own madness and to die unhappily by his own Weapon About this Temple there are some Springs of Running water and some Trees which makes this quarter pleasant Among these Waters that which they called the Fountain of the Sun had this particular quality that it was very hot at Midnight and very cold at Noon-day the cold increasing from Morning till Noon and diminishing until Evening and from thence the heat increasing till Midnight and diminishing until the Morning There were three several ways which they used ordinarily to go to this Oracle the shortest was by Alberton which as we have said was upon the Coast and from whence it was but 1300 Stadia which are about 162000 Paces Another way was from Cayroan from whence it was 3000 Stadia or 375000 Paces ' Pliny saith 400000 the difference is 25000 Paces The longest way was from Memphis from whence it was 3600 Stadia or 450000 Paces These are 180 Leagues for this last 150 or little more for the second and 65 for the first All these ways are very difficult the Country being only Desarts of Sands so dry that the Wind moves them like the dust of the High-way and that in so great a quantity that they are able to interr Carravans And if there be any Habitations in these Desarts and where there is any Springs of Water they are distant one from the other 40 50 60 sometimes a 100 Leagues and these Habitations have little or nothing since that of Hammon the most considerable is not above 80 Stadia or 4 Leagues circuit and yet it had a King a Great Priest c. The
the Firmament Zaara King of Aethiopia led against Asa King of Judah 90000 Foot and 10000 Horse which are 100000 Men. Pliny esteems the Isle of Meroes alone have 250000 Men fit to bear Arms and 400000 Artisans At present the Grand Negus is held able to raise a Million of Men and Barnagas alone to furnish 200000 Foot and 20000 Horse The Prince is always in the Field and 5 or 6000 Tents attending on him where are are Churches Hospitals Shops Taverns c. which furnished with all things necessary for himself and his Train There are scarce any Fortresses in the Countrey except where Mountains of themselves make them The Neighbors to this Estate are the Turks who hold all the Coast of Haber on the Red Sea the King of Adel and some others on the Coasts of Ajan and Zanguebar the Monomotapa or the Monoemugi towards the Mountains of the Moon the Congo or some Estates neighboring on Congo and the Negroes towards the West some Kings of Nubia towards the North. Except the Turks the Abissins having no Civil War can easily reduce the greatest part of them to reason or at least hinder them from molesting him ZANGVEBAR Zangâ—â—bar its Coasts or Parts and their Situation UNder the name of ZANGVEBAR I comprehend all the Coasts of the Higher Aethiopia And these Coasts are on the Aethiopian Ocean and the Red Sea or Gulph of Arabia I subdivide them into three parts the Coast of Zanguebar the Coast of Ajan and the Coast of Abex The Coast of Zanguebar extends it self from the Cafres to under the Equator for the space of 5 or 600 Leagues That of Ajan is between the Equator and the Streight of Bab-el-Mandel likewise 600 Leagues The Coast of Abex advances from that Streight to Egypt and hath not above 4000 Leagues The first part was called by the Ancients Barbaria Regio the second Azania Regio and the last Trogloditica Regio The particular Coast of Zanguebar towards the East regards some Isles Zanguebar among which that of Zanguebar which hath communicated its name to the Coast and then those of Penda and Monfia are the best known Maffy makes mention here of the Isle and City of Querimba and Texera of Anisa the one and the other possibly answer to some of those which Sanutas calls St. Rocq and Monfia which he saith are four Islands two great and two small Penda and Zanguebar are the greatest Penda and according to the form Sanutus gives them are each of 100 Leagues circuit Monfia 50 and the others much less All and particularly Zanguebar produceth quantity of Grains as Rice Millet c. quantity of Fruits as Citrons Oranges c. and many Sugar Canes which they know not how to resine nor want they Fountains of fresh Water Aniza and Querimba hath Manna but not so much esteemed as that of other places On the Coast are the Estates or Kingdoms of Mongale on one of the branches of Cuama Angos or Angouche on another Branch or on another River of the same name Mozambique Isle and City on the Coast as likewise Quiloa and Mombaze Melinda is no Isle but on the Coast so are Lamon Pate c. Mongalo and Angos are little considerable their Inhabitants black Mahometans and Pagans they traffick in Gold Ivory Calicoes and Silk The Isle and City of Mozambique is on that Coast of Africa which regards the Isle of Madagascar towards the East Isle and City of Mosambique described and just between the Capes of Good Hope and Guardafuy near 1000 Leagues from the one and the other some account is made of this City and its Fort for the goodness and depth of its Port though small but of a very important retreat for the Vessels of Portugal after they have passed the Cape of Good Hope where oft-times the Heat or the working or motion of the Ship distempers many Men who refresh themselves here there being a very good Hospital and a Magazin always furnished with what ever is needful to finish their Voyage to the East Indies this Port serving them going to the Indies as the Isle oâ— Sancta Helena doth in their return The whole Isle is not above a League and half in circuit It s City is not so beautiful as many have believed it but of a good Trade wealthy and well frequented by the Portugals It s Castle is good since it hath sustained divers Assaults of the Hollanders The Soil is dry hath none or very little Fresh-water but the great number of Fruits as Cocos Oranges Citrons as others common to the Indies and the quantity of Cattle as Oxen Sheep Goats Hogs c. which are found here recompence these Inconveniences Their Figs are long and large being excellent and hâ—althful The Tree sprouts and dies every year it shoots forth but one Branch where many Figs ripen one after another so that they are found to continue almost all the year the Leaves are so great that two will cover a person of a moderate Stature dying it leaves a Root which shoots forth another Fig-Tree the year after Their Swines-flesh is so healthful that Physicians order it for Sick people Their Pullain are good and delicate though their Feathers Flesh Blood and Bones are very black and if boiled in Water as black as Ink. Here they are said to have Sheep whose Tails weigh about 25 pound weight Kingdom of Quiloa its chief places c. QVILOA is 150 Leagues or little more from Mozambique in a strait line and near 250 by Sea It hath two Cites the Old and the new the Old on the main Land the New in an Island divided from it by a small Channel This last is much the fairest its Houses high magnificent and well furnished accompunied with Gardens where they gather excellent Fruits throughout the whole year The Kings of Quiloa once commanded all the Coast into Mozambique and Sofala but this Estate hath received a great change since the coming of the Portugals into these quarters It s People Its Inhabitants are yet rich and have a great traffick for Gold which they bring from the Main Land where there is near as much as on the Coast of Sofala as also Silver Ambergreece Pearls and Musk They are part black part white these coming from Arabia and are Mahometans the others of the Natives are partly Idolaters both the one and the other go clad after the Arab or Turkish manner the richest wearing Cloaths of Gold and Silver Silks fine Calicoâ—s and Scarlet inriching the Guards of their Swords and Daggers with fair Pearls and Precious Stones as the Women do their Ear-Pendants and Bracelets They are very comly of a civil behaviour neat in their Houses and love to go in rich Apparel Here the People are observed to use a strange custom to those of the Female Sex which is not used by any other Nation or People save themselves which is that they sow up the Privy-parts of the Female
West and advancing a little towards the South So that St. Anthony and Brava make the two Ends or Points towards the West Bona Vista makes the middle of the half Circle towards the East SANCTA LVCIA St. Nicholas St. NICHOLAS and St. JAGO are the greatest having each 100 or 120000 paces of length 15 20 or 30000 of breadth and 200 or 250000 paces of circuit St. Anthonio and St. Vincent are less by more then half and not of above 100000 paces in circuit the rest which are the least have not above 30 40 or 50000 paces I make no account of seven or eight others whose names have not been given us and which are rather Rocks than Isles St. JAGO is the greatest and the chief of all having a Bishops seat in the City of the same name St. Jago besides which are Ribera Grande with a good Port towards the West Praya towards the East St. Mary towards the North all with their Ports Some place likewise St. Thomas whose Port is dangerous others St. Domingo others St. Michael possibly these fall under some of the others Ribera Grande hath 500 Houses the Air is unhealthful the Land hilly but the Valleys fruitful in Grains Vines Fruits Sugar Canes Millons c. Feeding much Fowl and Cattle and particularly Goats in abundance These Beasts bringing forth young every four Moneths and three of four at a time and the Kids are very fat and delicate Sancta Lucia St. Vincent St. Anthony SANCTA LVCIA is the best peopled after that of St. Jago St. Nicholas St. Vincent and St. Anthony have been esteemed Desert yet they appear to have many Inhabitants though not so many as they could feed The Ships of the Vnited Provinces passing here in 1622. found in that of St Anthony 500 persons Men Women and Children all Aethiopians St. Vincent and St. Nicholas had no less At Mayo these Aethiopians are strong and of good stature but it is to be believed that every where are some Portugals to keep the rest in aw Salt Bona Vista The Isles of SALT of BONA VISTA of MAYO and of St. JAGO yield so great quantity of Salt which is made naturally of the Water which the Sea from time to time leaves that besides what they consume in the Countrey they laded every year more then 100 Ships which is transported into other Countreys and yet there remains six times as much which becomes useless It is reported that the Isle of Mayo could make alone lading for two thousand Sail of Ships yearly and the others not much less The other riches of the Countrey lies in the Skins of their Goats which are in so great quantity through all these Isles that many flocks are seen of 1000 Head The Skins are sent to Brasil Portugal and other places and make excellent Cordovants The Flesh is salted in the Countrey and sold to Ships going and returning from Brasil to the Indies Besides the Salt and Woats which are the principal riches of the Countrey they have many Wild Horses Oxen Apes c. also Cotton whereof they make several Manufactures Also Rice and many sorts of Grains Among their Fowl they have one kind particular to them which they call Flamencos the Feathers of their Bodies are all White and those of their Wings Red as Blood Their Tortoises are not above two or three foot long they come out of the Sea and lay their Eggs in the night covering them with Sand and the heat of the Sun hatches them Fuego Brava In Fuego and Brava they gather Wines which yield little to those of the Canaries The Sargasso Sea Between the Islands of Cape Verde and the main Land inclining towards the Canaries the Sea is called Sargasso because from the 20 to the 24 degree and for the length of 30 40 or 50 Leagues the Sea is covered with an herb like to that which is found in the bottom of Wells and which the Portugals call Sargasso This Herb except that it is more Yellow resembles Sea-Parsley bearing certain Grains or Fruit at the end but of neither taste nor substance Many have been much troubled to know from whence these Weeds come which are distant from the Isles and from the firm Land more then 60 Leagues and in a part of the Sea where there is no bottom found Nevertheless they are so close and in so great quantity that the Water seems rather a Meadow or Green Field then a Sea Ships which fall among these Weeds had need of a good Wind to disingage themselves and I believe it was these which hindred Sataspes from finishing his course about Africa and were the cause of his misfortune This Sataspes Son of Teaspes one of the Achemenides A story of Sataspes having ravished the Daughter of Zopyrus the Son of Magabises was condemned by Xerxes to be crucified His Mother the Sister of Darius caused this punishment to be changed into another to wit he was caused to make the Circumnavigation of Africa which could not be done without great difficulty and hazard He embarked in Egypt passed the Pillars of Hercules entred into the Occidental Ocean and passed far to the South along Africa but knowing that it would yet require much time and pains to end this course he returned into Egypt and thence to the Court where he said he had met with somewhat that hindred his Ship from passing farther Xerxes took him for a liar and made him suffer the death he was before condemned to But to continue The Isles of Cape Verde The Position wherein the Isles of Cape Verde are now found answers much better to the Position of the Fortunate Isles of Ptolomy then that of the Canaries Ptolomy places his Fortunate Isles between the 10 and 16 degree of Latitude the Isles of Cape Verde are between the 13 and 19 the Canaries beyond the 26. The Meridian of the Fortunate Isles of Ptolomy is at 8 degrees of Longitude from the Coast of Africa and towards the West The least Meridian of the Isles of Cape Verde is at 8 degrees of Longitude from the same Coast and towards the same side The least Meridian of the Canaries touches the Coast of Africa Ptolomy confines his Fortunate Isles under one Meridian and extends them from South to North between the tenth to the sixteenth parallel or degrees of Latitude which are five degrees of Latitude The Isles of Cape Verde are not justly under one Meridian but under two or three and extend themselves from the 13 ½ to the 19 which are five degrees of Latitude The Canaries on the contrary are all couched from West to East and almost under the same parallel or degree of Latitude which is the 27 lengthning themselves from the first to the 6 of Longitude These four Reasons are very strong to prove that the Isles of Cape Verde do rather answer to the Fortunate Isles of Ptolomy then the Canaries Their distance in regard of the Aequator is
the Castle of St. Elmo doth merit fame not only for its buildings which are curious but for the entertainment there given to those that fall sick where the Knights themselves lodge when sick or wounded to receive cure where they are exceeding well attended have excellent good dyet served by the Junior Knights in silver and every friday visited by the Grand Master accompanied with the great Crosses a service which was from the first institution commanded and thereupon called Knights Hospitallers Here are as Sandys saith three Nunneries one for Virgins another for Bastards and the third for penitent Whores Castle of St. Elmo The Castle of St. Elmo is at the end of the City of Valetta towards the Sea and at the opening of two Ports During the siege of Malta it was taken and sackt by the Turks after having wasted 18000 Cannonshot given divers assaults and lost 4000 men of their best Militia among others Dragut one of their most famous Coursaiers The Christians lost 1300 men among whom many Knights But this Fort was restored to a far better Estate than before and is separated from the City only by a ditch cut likewise in the Rock on the other side and on the point of the Borgo is the Fort of St. Angelo and likewise above the Borgo and the Isle of Sengle have been made new works to hinder the Turks from lodging there Besides these three Cities and the Forts about them the ancient City of Malta Medina is in the middle of the Island on an easie ascending hill and in an advantagious scituation The Turks assaulted it in 1551 but soon retired The Bishop of the Isle hath here his residence and near the City is yet the Grotte and Chapel of St. Paul where they believe he preached and where he lay when he suffered shipwrack and this place is of great account among them All these Cities and Forts have 250 or 300 pieces of Cannon on their Rampart The Isle very strong and well provided for War and their Magazins are so well provided with Powder Shot Wood Bisket Salt-meats and all Provisions and Ammunition that they call it Malta Flor del Mondo Malta the Flower of the World being provided alwaies with Ammunitions and Provisions for a three years siege yet this is to be understood not only because of its Fortifications and Ammunitions but likewise because of its force and the resolution of its Knights The Order of Knighthood first instituted This order of Knighthood according to Sandys received their denomination from John the charitable Patriarch of Alexandria though vowed to St. John Baptist as their Patron Their first seat was the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem built by one Gerrard at the same time when the Europeans had something to do in the Holy-Land where they received such good success and became so famous that they drew divers worthy persons into this society which by Pope Gelasius the second was much approved of He saith that one Raymond was the first Master of this Order who did amplifie their Canons and entituled himself The poor servant of Christ and Guardian of the Hospital in Jerusalem and at the allowance of one Honorius the second were apparelled in black garments signed with a White-Cross this Order we have said began at Jerusalem and at first meddled not but with the Government of the Hospital of St. John and were called Fryers Hospitallers or simply Hospitallers as those of the Temple Templers but when these Hospitallers were constrained to make profession both of Hospitality and Arms they were called Knights Hospitallers or Knights of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem These Knights oft forced to remove their habitations after the loss of Jerusalem they held their Convent in the City and Fortress of Margatt then in Aicre or Ptolomaido and all the Latine Christians being driven from the Holy Land and from Souria they retired into Cyprus But during their stay in Cyprus they gained Rhodes and established themselves there so powerfully that they were called Knights of Rhodes Margaret was taken from them in 1285. Aicre in 1291 little less than 200 years after Godfrey of Bulloin had Conquered the Holy Land and this order began before after the loss of Aicre they lived in Cyprus from 1291 to 1309. in which year they took and settled in Rhodes and maintained it more than 100 years sustaining four sieges till in 1522 Sultan Solyman became Master of Rhodes they then retired into Europe now into one place and then into another and in fine to Malta which Charles the fifth gave them in 1530. with some little neighbouring Isles as likewise the City of Tripoly in Barbary which they could keep no longer then 1551. that place being too far engaged in the Enemies Country These Knights are of divers Nations and are divided into eight Tongues to wit of Province of Auvergne of France of Italy of Arragon of England of Germany and of Castile so that the three first are in France and the last in Castile each Tongue contains many Priories and each Priory many Commanderies these three Tongues which are in France have near 300 Commanderies The other five Tongues which are in Italy Arragon England Germany and Castile made near 400. but there are no more in England England the Kings of England when they confiscated the goods of the Church having likewise seized the goods and Commanderies of the Knights of Malta and in Germany a part of these Commanderies being fallen into the hands of Lutherans and Calvinists serve no longer so that at present France alone furnishes little less than half the Commanderies of Malta And it hath been observed that from the first establishment of this Order unto this very present of 57 great Masters there hath been 37 French only 4 or 5 Italians 7 or 8 Spaniards and 11 whose Nation and Tongue the History could not observe but apparently the most part were French since this Order began by the French of these 34 known 12 were in the Holy-Land and in Souria 13 in Rhodes and 〈◊〉 in Malta unto Father Paul of Lascaris of every one there is a Grand Prior who lives in great reputation in his Country who orders the affairs of their Order and for England St. Johns by Clarken-well in times past was a mansion of the Grand-Prior There are several Councels among these Knights Their Government as that for deciding of differences which may happen among them the Councel of War the General Chapter which may augment or moderate the Authority of the great Master renew the Ordinances and Government of the Religion or their Order and which is held every five years The Ceremonies performed in making these Knights The Ceremonies used in Knighting are these which follow first being cloathed in a long loose garment he goeth to the Altar with a Taper in his hand of White Wax where he kneeleth down and desires the Order of the Ordinary then
by Richard Blome By his Majesties Especiall Command London Printed for Richard Blome To the Rt. honble Anthony Earle of Shaftesbury Baron Ashby of Wimbourne St. Giles and Lord Cooper of Paulet This Mapp is most humbly D.D. by R.B. AMERICA AMERICA is a Continent different from that wherein we inhabit or which we call Ours for the surface of the Globe being described into two Hemispheres divided by the first Meridian America is in that Hemisphere which is opposite to ours The Voyages of Columbus Cabral and Visputius into America In 1942 and some succeeding years Christopher Columbus a Genouese for and in the name of Ferdinand King of Arragon and Isabella Queen of Castile made divers Voyages into the Islands which are before this Continent and discovered part of the Coasts of the Continent In 1501 Alvares Cabral for and in the name of Emanuel King of Portugal Navigating along the Coast of Africa on a Voyage to the East-Indies some Eastern Winds carried him so far to the West that he discovered the Coast of a main Land which was afterwards called Brazil where a little after Americus Vesputius a Florentine was expresly sent with a particular charge to discover this Country In which he was so happy that his name was given to that part of the Coast which he discovered and in fine to the whole Continent From these Voyages of Columbus Cabral and Americus Vesputius the Spaniards pretend to be the first who discovered or caused to be discovered and gave knowledge of this Continent America known by the Ancients The Greeks and Latins have given fair testimonies that the Ancients have had some knowledge of America Plato in his Timaeus and in his Critias calls in the Atlantick Isle and esteems it as great or greater than Asia and Africa together It seems that Plato or Solon or the Priest of Egypt c. had knowledge of the greatness scituation and form of the two parts of America so well they agree to Asia and Africa the Northern America with Asia the Southern with Africa America bounded AMERICA is almost divided into two parts of which one is between the Equator and the North the other in regard of us is towards the South and part under the Equator After Plato Theopompus either in his Treatise of Wonders or in his History makes mention of another Continent besides ours and touches divers particulars Among others that its greatness is so vast that it was not wholly known that its Men were greater stronger and lived longer than we that they had Gold and Silver in so great quantity that they made less account of it than we do of Iron That they had a great number of Cities and among others two very great ones and of Customs much different the principal aim of the one being to War and the other to Religion which I esteem agreeing with Cusco and Mexico which we have so found when first known to us Mexico more inclined to War and Cusco to the adoration of its Divinities AMERICA having been known to the Ancients under divers names and all these names preserved till now there remains to know from whence the People of this America should descend whether from Europe Asia or Africa It is to be believed that the first of our Continent which were carried into America were so either by chance or by force the Eastern Winds having driven them from the Coast of Africa or Libya where they sailed and carried them so far into the West that they have found these Lands And it is likewise to be believed that of those which have been so carried some have been unfurnished of Victuals for so long and impremeditated a Voyage and so have been constrained to eat some among them to preserve the rest as others since have done And thus America may have been peopled by divers Nations How America became first peopled by those of our Continent and at divers times and according to the Parts from whence they were according to the hunger and necessity they suffered upon the Sea they became more or less barbarous And that some have been carried by chance or force from our Continent to the other we may judge both by Ancient and Modern Histories Diodorus Siculus makes mention of certain Phoenicians Aristotle had said almost the same before of the Carthaginians who sayling along the Coast of Africa or Libya were carried far into the Occidental Ocean where they found a very great Isle distant from our Main Land many days sail and the Country as beautiful as that of Toscany so that some of Carthage would here have settled but that the Republick prohibited any more to pass fearing lest it should weaken their Estate commanding those which were passed to retire and abolishing as much as they could the knowledge of their Country yet with design to retire thither if they should become so unfortunate as to fall under the Romans subjection Those particulars which Authors apply to this Isle agree better with America Meridionalis which is almost an Isle than with the Isles on this side it Besides these Authorities of the Ancients the accident which arrived to Alonzo Zanches de Guelva in Adalousie or whatever other Pilot he was who landing at the Madera where was Christopher Columbus who told him how he had been carried by force into the West which he had discovered and how he had returned And the like accident which happened to Cabral in 1501 as we have already said makes it sufficiently appear how the same thing may have hapned to other Saylors and particularly to those Nations on this side which lie upon the Ocean as the Moors Spaniards Celtes and Bretons c. And those who traded on the Ocean as the Phoenicians Carthaginians and Tyrrhenians and this is the more easily because between the two Tropicks the Eastern Brises or Winds do for the most part blow and easily carry nay sometimes force Ships from East to West It is true that it is hard to turn from East to West by the same course And possibly from these two so different things the Poet took occasion to say Facilis descensus Averni Sed revocare gradum superasque revertere ad auras Hoc opus hic labor est Understanding it easy to descend from our Continent into the other which we esteem the Lower Hemisphere but hard to return from that to ours which we esteem the Higher the means to return with least difficulty not being found out but with time and after having and that at divers times essayed all courses which is by disingaging themselves from between the Tropicks which some attribute to Pedrarias de Avila who about the year 1514 began to give Rules for the time of parting and the course was to be held to go from our Continent to the other and likewise the time and course to return from the others to ours Since some have passed from this world of our Continent and by
c. The Air of this Province is temperate and serene except it be in their Summer which is much troubled with Rains The People as generally throughout all Gallicia are crafty very docil in matters of Religion inconstant impatient of labour much given to pleasures delight in strong Drinks their habit for the most part is a Shirt of Cotton over which they wear a Mantle which they fasten about their Shoulders They are of a good Stature and well proportioned little subject to sickness nor knowing what the Plague is they ordinarily living 100 years The Country is rather Mountainous than Plain well furnished with Mines of Silver Copper Lead and Margasites c. but none of Gold It s fertility and commoditles Iron or Steel The Plains tilled yield ordinarily 100 for one of Corn and 200 for one of Mayz they have much Pulse many Olive-trees whose Fruit is often spoiled by the Ants as their Grains are by Pies These Pies are no bigger than our Sparrows but in such quantity that where they alight in a little time they devour the whole Crop Almost all the Fruits of Europe are here found in great plenty which for goodness surpass those of Spain Their Pastures likewise are rich and feed abundance of Cattle The Province of Xalisco In the Province of XALISCO are the Cities of Compostella the Metropolis of the Province built by the said Guzman once a Bishops See till removed to Guadalajara built in a Plain but so barren that it will scarce produce food either for man or Beast and with the disadvantage of so bad an Air that made it to be soon left La Purification a small City built also by the said Guzman seated near the Port of Natividad on the Sea-side And lastly Xalisco so called from the Province once of some account till destroyed by the said Gazman The Provinces of Chiametlan Culiacan and Cinaloa described North-East of Guadalajara and Xalisco are the Provinces of CHIAMETLAN whose chief City is St. Sebastian seated on a River of the same name night to which are many rich Silver Mines The Province of CVLIACAN whose chief Cities are St. Michael seated on the River of Women built by Guzman and Piastla seated on a River so called about two days Journey from the Sea well built and of good esteem till the great damage it received from the Spaniards in their Conquest And lastly the Province of CINALOA whose chief City is St. John an ancient Colony of Spaniards There are every where rich Mines of Silver plenty of Provisions Fruits Mayze Pulse and Cotton their Inhabitants are great strong and warlike and particularly in Cinaloa where they have made the Spaniards abandon the City of St. John who have rebuilded other-where that of St. Philip and Jacob. The Provinces of Los Zacatecas and New Biscany North of Guadalajara are the Provinces of LOS ZACATECAS and new BISCANY Account is made of four Colonies in Los Zacatecas 30 Towns and 4 famous Lodges near the Mines of which the principal are Los Zacatecas inhabited by Spaniards who have here a Convent of Franciscans Avino Sombrarino St. Martin and possibly St. Luke The Cities are Xeres de Frontera Erena Nombro de Dios besides that in the Isthmus of Panaman and Durango There are no Cities spoken of in New Biscany but only excellent Mines of Silver at St. John Sancta Barbara and at Eudes which they esteem the best built only for the benefit of the Silver Mines which the Spaniards enjoy The Zacateca's want both Water and Food except towards Durango and Nombro de Dios New Biscany hath Cattle and Grain All these Provinces hitherto are not only of the Audience but likewise of the Bishoprick of Guadalajara Above and Northward of New Gallicia and the Audience of Guadalajara we have quantity of People and Provinces little known we call them in general New Mexico because esteeming these quarters likewise under the name of Mexico they make that part of Mexico latest known others pass them all under the name of New Granada and place here the City of Granada which Herrerd makes in Cinaloa others in Cibola and others in the Kingdom of Mexico taken particularly so little assurance is there of the Relations of these quarters However here is observed divers People very different in their Languages Manners and Customs some having fixed and settled Habitations others wandring after their Flocks among the first there are some that have many Cities some containing in them about 30 40 or 50 Thousand Inhabitants and in these Cities the Houses are built of Stone several Stories high New Mexico taken particularly hath 10 or 12 of these Cities New Mexico described whose Houses have their Chambers Halls Parlours and other Conveniences very populous among which the City called New Mexico is the chief distant from Old Mexico about 500 Leagues being the residence of the Governour where the Spaniards keep a Garrison and have changed its name to St. Fogie Province of Cibola Cibola hath seven Cities each of 3 4 or 500 Families and with those which remain in the Field may make likewise 8 or 10 thousand Men. All these Inhabitants are addicted to War their Country tilled and abounding in all Victuals The Province of Quivira described Its Inhabitants QVIVIRA hath not many Houses nor over stored with People and those that do inhabit here are very rude and barbarous the Men cover their Bodies with the Skin of an Ox ill accommodated the Women only with their Hair which they wear so long that it serveth them instead of a Veil to hide their nakedness they live almost altogether on Raw-flesh which they devour rather than eat swallowing it without any chewing They live in Hoords or Troops resembling those of the Tartars not having any certain abode but remove from one place to another staying where they find good Pasture for their Cattle The Province of Anian described ANIAN is yet poorer than Quivira the Spaniards have long since over-run both the one and the other but finding nothing of worth neglected them but after all there are Opinions much contrary touching the temperature fertility and scituation of these two Provinces some making them cold and barren others temperate and good California described CALIFORNIA hath a long time been esteemed to be only a Peninsula but the Hollanders having taken on these Seas a Spanish Vessel which had rounded it and made the Chart of it who saw that it was an Isle which extends it self from South-East to North-West and from the 23th degree of Latitude to beyond the 45th lying along the West side of America It s length is of 7 or 800 Leagues Its breadth under the Tropick of Cancer not above 20 or 25 Leagues from whence it still enlarges it self unto 150 Leagues towards the 40th degree of Latitude The Air hath been found Cold though in a scituation which ought to render it more hot than temperate The Country
part as those of Copiapo Conception l'Imperial Villa Rica Valdivia Osorno Caftro St. Jago Serena de la Frontera MAGELLANICK LAND St. Phillip de la Guadero TERRA DEL FUGO or the ISLAND of MAGELLAND PERU The greatness of Peru. PERV is an Empire or Kingdom so rich and great that all America Meridionalis or at least the half of that America sometimes takes the name of Peruviana Peru taken more precisely extends it self more or less according to the diversity of Authors It is for the most part between the Equinoctial Line and the Tropick of Capricorn where it hath more then 600 Leagues length and if we add the Part of Popayan which is on this side the Line and which depends on the Chamber of Quito in Peru and that part of Tucuman which is beyond the Tropick of Capricorn and which depends on the Chamber de la Plata It s length and breadth in Peru its length will not be much less than a 1000 Leagues It s breadth is likewise very diverse esteeming what the Spaniards more absolutely possess It s breadth will not be above one hundred or sometimes two or three hundred Leagues if we add all the Estates that lie upon the Amazon unto the Confines of Brazile we may make account of 6 or 700 Leagues of breadth According to some Authors this Country is divided into three Parts and all different from one another which Parts are the Hill-Countries the Andes and the Plains The Hill-Countries are twenty Leagues broad The parts of Peru are three and all different from one another as well in fertility as otherwise at the narrowest the Andes as much and the Plains Ten Leagues and something more and each part extends it self the whole length of the Country The Hill Countries are bare and naked the Andes well cloathed with Woods and Forrests and the Plains well furnished with Rivers together with the benefit of the Sea yet in many places the earth is sandy and dry which makes it unfit for Grains or Fruits In the Hill-Countries their Summer beginneth in April and endeth in September during which time they have fair weather and from September to April which is their Winter it raineth This Part is much subject to Winds which it receiveth from the Coast which bringeth a difference in the weather some Winds bringing Snow others Thunder others Rain and others Fair Weather and where there falleth but little Rain it is observed to be the more Fertil in Corn and Fruits On the Andes it is said to rain continually whereas in the Plains seldom or never and their Summer beginneth in October and endeth in April so that when it is Summer here it is Winter with those in the Hill-Countries And it s observed that a man in one daies journey may see Summer and Winter so that at his setting forth he may be in a manner frozen and before night scorched with heat Peru by the Spaniards divided into three Audiences in which are several Provinces That part of Peru best known and on the Mer del Sud hath been by the Spaniards divided into three Audiences viz Quito Lima and De la Plata That of Quito is the most Northern that of De la Plata the most Southern and that of Lima in the middle and each of these Audiences hath divers Provinces Quito holds part of Popayan part of the true Peru Los Quixos or La Canela Pazamoros or Gualsongo and likewise St. Juan de las Salinas That of Lima holds the true Peru where there were several Provinces which the name of Peru hath swallowed up And the Audience De la Plata holds the Provinces of Tucuman and De los Charcas and these Provinces comprehend aboundance of other lesser ones the knowledge of which is little necessary The Audience of Quito described It s chief Cities The Audience of Quito is about the Equinoctial Line and is 2 or 300 Leagues long and large The Quarter of Popayan subject to this Chamber hath the Cities of Popayan Cali Timana and others which we have already treated of with Popayan in Terra Firma The Quarter of Peru subject to Quito hath the Cities of 1. St. Francisco del Quito or simply Quito once one of the principal Cities the Ynca's of Peru being the Regal Seat of their Kings where they had a magnificent Palace Its Streets are strait broad and well ordered and its Houses well built is adorned with a fair Cathedral Church two Convents of Dominican and Franciscan Friars as also with the Courts of Judicature once very large but at present it hath not above Five hundred Houses of natural Spaniards Two or three thousand Houses Inhabited by the Natives and in its Territory near a hundred Villages where the Natives also reside since the Spaniards became Masters of Peru they have made this a place of good strength being well Fortified and as well stored with Ammunition 2. Rio Bamba of no note except for its ancient Palace of the Kings of Peru. 3. Cuenca seated in a Country well stored with Mines of Gold Silver Brass and Veins of Sulphur 4. Loxa seated in a sweet and pleasant Valley between two Rivers the Inhabitants are well furnished with Horses and Armour which is the chiefest part of their Wealth 5. St. Michael de Piura of no great account except it be for its being the first Colony which the Spaniards planted 6. Peru. in St. Jago de Guayaquil of some note seated near the influx of the River Guayaquill at the bottom of an Arm of the Sea 7. Castro de Vili another Colony of Spaniards 8. Porto Viejo seated not far from the Sea-shore but of no account by reason of the badness of its air its Port-Town is Mantu nigh to which is a rich Vein of Emeralds 9. Juan And 10. Zamora de los Arcaides both so called in reference to two Cities of those names in Spain and these are the Cities or Colonies which the Spaniards possess in the Audience of Quito which have been established at divers times and not long after the Conquest of Peru. The fertility of the Country Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals The air of the Country is sufficiently temperate though under the Line it is Fertil in Grains and Fruits well stored with Cattle especially with Sheep and also plentifully furnished both with Fish and Fowl but the Fertility of the Country is most seen about or near Quito and Porto Viejo near Lona and Camora are Mines of Gold near Cuenca Mines of Silver Quicksilver Copper and Iron Near Porto Viejo Mines of Emeralds and about Guayaquil is found Salsaparilla The Province de los Quixos The Province or Country DE LOS QVIXOS otherwise de la Canella is Eastward of Quito It s chief Cities are 1. Baesa built in 1559 by Giles Ramirez de Avila Eastward of Quito about eighteen Leagues now the Residence of the Governour 2. Archidona twenty Leagues South-Eastwards of Baeza 3.
Curiga Muterte Muterte Marta Marta Batimena Batimena In the Mountains as Mangat Mangat Paru Paru Pimienta Pimienta Changanara Changanara Trivalar Trivalar Panapelli Panapelli Angamala Angamala Ticancutes Ticancutes Punhali Punhali Caranarette Caranarette Pande Pande The Peninsula of INDIA within the Ganges In which are the Kingdoms Countries Isles c. of PEGU with its Kingdoms or Parts of Martavan Manar Tangu Marsin Jangoma Brama Pegu Brema Canarane Pandior Mandranelle Cassubi Boldia Ava Tinco Prom Tolema Largara Tipoura Chacomas Maon Arracan Dogon Ledoa Cosmi Xara Dunbacaon Chibode SIAN with its Kingdoms or Estates of Sian Odiaa Banckock Ogmo Lugor Mirgin Sacotay Juropiâ—an Martaban Martaban Macurâ—a Cuidad de los Reyes Macaon Jangoma Jangoma Camboia Camboya Ravecca Langor Carol Tarvana Peninsula of MALACCA whose Parts Towards the Gulph of BENGALA and Westwards are Tanasserin Tanasserin Juncaldon Juncaldon Queda Queda Pera Pera. Malacca Malacca Towards the Gulph of SIAN and Eastwards are Ihor Ihor Pahang Pahang Patane Patane Singora Singora Brodelong Brodelong Ligor Ligor COCHIN-CHINA with its Kingdoms People c. of COCHIN-CHINA particularly so called with its Provinces of Chiampaa Pulocacein Ranran Baday Pulocanbis Naroman Quagiva Ciomoy Cacciam Cacciam Faifo Turaoh Sinuva Sinuva TUNQUIN with its Parts or Provinces of Bochin whose chief place is Keccio Ghean whose chief place is Keccio Tinhoa whose chief place is Keccio Beramar whose chief place is Keccio Kedom whose chief place is Keccio Kenam whose chief place is Keccio Kethay whose chief place is Keccio The People called the Layes The Kingdom of Ciocangue The People called the Gueyes Timocoves ISLES seated in the Gulph of SIAN viz. Macara Panian Cara. Goeteinficos Tyamciefi Cosyn ISLES seated in the Ocean called the Gulph of BENGALA viz. Chubedu Chudube Ledoa Dos Alevantados Durondiva Siriaon Sobollas Dos Cocos Andemaon Dos Caboses Tanassesi Tavay Alta Crara Caremubar Raza Dos Sombreros de Palm Siano Sambilano Batun Pera Pinaon Ganal de St. Jorgo Nicubar A General Mapp of the East Indies Comprehending the Estats or Kingdoms of the Great Mogol the Kingdoms Estats of Decan Golconde Bisnagar Malabar c in the Peninsula of India with out the Ganges the Kingdoms Isles of Pegu Sian Malacca Cochinchina c in the Peninlula of India within the Ganges with the Isles of Maldives by Monsieur Sanson DEUS IN DEAT To the Honorable the Governer Deputy and Court of Committies of the Company of Marchants tradeing in to the East Indies This Mapp is humbly dedicated by Ric Blome INDIA OR THE EAST-INDIES It s Name INDIA of which we treat at present is that which the Ancients have known under the name of India or the Indies and which the Moderns call the Asiatick or East-Indies because they likewise call America though very improperly the West Indies these lying West those East from our Meridian But under the name of East Indies divers Authors comprehend all the most Oriental parts of Asia that is to say all that is above and beyond the River Indus from whence the Country takes its name and likewise China and the Isles of Asia which are in the Oriental Ocean pass under the name of these Indies Its bounds and division into Parts But leaving China and the Isles of Asia apart we may divide India both because of its Form and the disposition of its Estates into three several parts of which the first shall comprehend that which is upon the Main Earth the rest shall be in two Peninsula's of which the most Western and between the Mouths of Indus and Ganges shall be called The Peninsula of India without the Ganges and the most Oriental and beyond the Ganges shall be called The Peninsula of India within the Ganges We will esteem in the first part that which the Great Mogoll at present possesses and what is engaged in his Empire In the two Peninsula's we shall have a great number of Kingdoms and Principalities neither the one nor the other having less than fifty which by little and little are reduced into a less number the strongest becoming Masters of the weakest Thus the great Mogoll made himself Master of 35 or 40 Kingdoms of which some had before ruined many others The Empire of the GREAT MOGOLL OF the several Provinces or Kingdoms under the Empire of the Great Mogoll as appears in the Geographical Table of the Empire apart have their Names common with those of their chief Cities and are all rich and since their separation they compose fair and powerful Estates And first with Cabul Kingdom or Province of Cabul CABVL whose chief City bears the same name is the most advanced towards Persia with Vsbeck or Zagatha The Springs of Nilab and Behat which fall into the Indus and possibly likewise of Indus are in this Kingdom or Province The City of Cabul is great but the Houses low its strength lying in the two Fortresses and in the great Road of Lahor to Samarcand in Vsbeck and to Yarchan the chief City of Cascar from whence they bring Silk Musk and Rhubarb from China and Cathay ATTOCK is on the Indus Attock Its City is fair the Fortress good and when the Limits of the Estates of the Kings of India lay between Lahor and Attock it was of greater consideration than possibly it is at present MVLTAN is rich Multan by reason of the fruitfulness of its Soil and Traffick which the Rivers of Indus of Behat of Nilab and of Rawey which fall into the Indus do much enrich The City of Multan is great ancient and not above two or three Leagues distant from the Indus It s principal Commodities are Sugar Galls Opium Brimstone several Manufactures of Silk and Wool c. CANDAHAR is far engaged towards Persia its chief City being so called which is great Candahar and of some Trade BVCKOR hath for its chief City Buckor-Suckor Buckor which lies along the River Indus which runs through the Province which makes it very fertil The City is of an indifferent extent and of some Trade TATTA Tatta whose chief City bears the same name is divided by the River Indus into several Isles In this City and Province are held to be the most industrious Tradesmen of the whole Kingdom by reason of which here is found a good Trade drove by Merchants of several Countries Buckor there where the Rivers of Rawey and Caul fall into the Indus and between Multan and Tatta and Tatta where Sinde goes between Buckor and the Sea Lourebander and Diul serve for Ports to Tatta Lourebander there where the Indus begins to divide it self into several Branches Diul on the great Sea Moreover Diu and Diul are two different places being distant 150 Leagues from each other Diu in the Kingdom of Guzurate or Cambay belongs to the Portugals Diul in that of Tatta is the Great Mogolls who keeps there a Governour The Province of HAJACAN Westwards of the Indus of very small account Hajacan
having no places worthy of note SORET is seated between the Kingdoms of Tatta on the West Soret of Guzurate on the East It hath for its chief City Janagar the Province is but of little extent but very fruitful rich and well Peopled Cassimere Bankish Kakares Naugracut CASSIMERE or QVERIMVR BANKISH KAKARES and NAVGRACVT are between the River Indus and Ganges all encompassed with the Mountains of Bimber towards the Indus of Naugracut towards the Ganges of Caucasus towards Tartaria of Dalanguer which crosses them and separates the one from the other and they the Forests of these Mountains which yielded so much Wood for the Vessels which Alexander the Great caused to be builded to descend the Indus And these are at present those Forrests which give so much divertisement of chase to the Great Mogoll Sizinaket or Sirinakar though unwalled is the chief City of Cassimere Beishar of Bankish Dankalar and Purhola of Kakares and Naugracut of Naugracut In this last the Temple of the Idol Marta is paved Wanscotted and Seiled with Plates of Gold And in Callamacka there are Fountains very cold and near to Rocks from whence seem to flash out flames of fire The Province of SIBA hath for its chief City Hardware Siba which gives its rise to the River Ganges and Serenegar on the River Mansa The Province of JAMBA gives name to its chief City Jamba The Province of BAKAR lieth on the West of the Ganges Bakar and hath for its chief City Bikaner The Province of SAMBAL takes its name from its chief City so called Sambal This Province is likewise called Doab that is two Waters its scituation being between the Ganges and Semena which together with the three Provinces last mentioned are without or on this side the Ganges reaching almost from its Spring-head unto the River Semena or Gemeni The Province of GOR takes its name from its chief City Gor. and gives its rise to the River Perselis which falls into the Ganges the Province being very Mountainous The Province of KANDVANA hath for its chief City Karakantaka Kanduana This Province and that of Gor which is beyond the Ganges doth end the Estates of the Mogoll towards the North meeting with the Tartars of Turquestan The Province of MEVAT is very barren whose chief City is Narval Mevat which ends it towards the People called Maug and others which we esteem to be in the Peninsula of India which is in the Ganges The Province of VDESSA Udessa is the utmost of the Mogolls Territories towards the East which is also within the Ganges its chief place is Jebanac The Province of PITAN is on the West of Jamba Pitan being very Mountainous whose chief City gives name to the Province The River Randa runs through the City and Province and falls into the Ganges The Province of PATNA is fruitful whose chief City is so called Patna seated on the River Persely but we have a very feeble and incertain knowledge of all these Parts or Kingdoms but those which are towards the South and particularly Guzurate or Cambaya and Bengala are better known Gusurate or Cambaya exceeding rich and fertil The Province of GVSVRATE by the Portuguese called the Kingdom of CAMBAYA hath more than 30 great Trading Cities and is without doubt the noblest greatest richest and most powerful Province of all the Mogolls Country yielding a yearly Revenue of 15 or 20 Millions of Gold and its King hath brought into the Field 150000 Horse and 500000 Foot 1000 Camels c. The Country likewise is esteemed the most fertil of all India producing all sorts of Grains Fruits and living Creatures quantity of Drugs Its Commodities and Trade Spices and precious Stones not having any Mines of Gold or Silver but three Plants which bring it an inestimable quantity as well from the Gulph of Persia and the Red Sea as from all the Coasts of India and China These Plants are Cotton Anniseed and Opium besides which there are varieties of other rich Commodities as Oil Sugar Indico Ambergreece Soap Comfits Medicinal Drugs Paper Wax Hony Butter Salt-Peter Manufactures of Cotton Linnen-Cloth Carpets Cabinets Coffers Cases with a thousand other curiosities which its Inhabitants know how to make and sell being the ablest Merchants of India Its Inhabitants They are likewise of a good Spirit and addicted to Letters serve themselves of all sorts of Arms yet know nothing of Nobility but by abundance of Riches They are all Pagans or Mahometans The Pagans for the most part are Pythagoreans holding the immortality of the Soul Pythagoreans and that it passes from one body to another for which reason they so much honour Beasts that they eat them not but keep Hospitals to receive such as are sick and lame The Cows here are in such esteem with them that a Merchant Banian according to the report of Texera spent 10 or 12 thousand Ducats at a Nuptial marrying his Cow with his Friends Bull. This Kingdom is in part Peninsula between the Gulphs of the Indies and Cambaya and in part on the Main which stretches it self towards Decan It s extent by Sea This Province though of a large extent yet hath above 120 Leagues of Sea-Coast on which it hath several fair and rich Cities and of a good Trade As also great quantities of Inland Towns and Cities the chiefest whereof are viz. Surat Surat seated on the River Tapta which falls into the Sea 12 miles below the City It is a City no less great and rich than populous and famous and enjoyeth as great a Trade as any City in India being much frequented by the English and Dutch where they have their Presidents and Factories and where they have their Houses for the negotiation of their affairs which are spacious and well built This City is built four square its Houses flat after the Persian mode and reasonably beautiful having the benefit of pleasant Gardens It hath several Mosques but none deserves commendation it is defended by a strong Castle and hath a strong Wall on all sides except on that which is seated on the River and for its entrance hath three Gates Its Port is six miles from the City where the Ships are unladen and the Commodities brought to the City by Land The Inhabitants are either Benjans Bramans or Mogolls but there are several other Nations which here reside as Persians Turks Arabians Armenians Jews c. driving a Trade but none comparable to the English or Dutch It s other places of note are 1. Brodra Brodra seated on a sandy Plain upon a small River well fortified with Walls and Forts the Inhabitants being for the most part Dyers Weavers and other workers of Cottons for which it is the chiefest place in the whole Province The Governour of this City hath also under its Jurisdiction about 210 Towns and Villages Baroche 2. Baroche 12 Leagues from Surat and 8