took the Croisado and were Installed at the Church or Hospital of St. Mary Jerusalem and called Marianites Their Order differed nothing from the Templers of St. John but in form and colour of their Cross After the taking of Jerusalem by Saladine these Knights went to Ptolomais from whence Frederick the Second sent for them into Germany to fight against the Prussians and Livonians who at that time were Pagans which War began in the year 1220. In a little while after these Knights had made themselves Masters of a Country of very large extent and obeyed the Order till 1525 at which time Sigismund King of Poland gave the Investiture of Prussia unto Albert Marquis of Brandenburg In the year 1563 the Great Master became Secular again and took part of the Lands subject to the Order with the Name of Duke of Courland 4. The Bishoprick of Eichstadt or Aichstadt Ala Narisca Ant. Aureatum teste Gasp Brocio near the Danube The chief of the Laicks are the Marquesses of Cullembach and Onsbach the Counts of Holac Wertheim and Erpach or Erbach who find their Original from a Daughter of Charlemagne who married to a Gentleman after she had carried him upon her back through the Court of the Palace The Imperial Towns are 1. Nuremberg Norimberg Nurnberg Germ. Nerobergae Noricorum Mons Norica Caesari A place of great Trade and well frequented by Merchants The fairest most priviledged richest and best Governed in Germany Here the new chosen Emperor ought to hold his first Diet and here are the Ornaments used at the Coronation of the Emperors viz. the Royal Crown The Dalmatick Gown The Imperial Cloak c. Here was Maximilians Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile and back again And here the Burgers have power to imprison their Children and cast them alive into the River Here Charles the Great designed to make a Communication of passage between the Danube and the Rhine by joyning the Rednitz and the Atmul Rivers whereby there might have been a Commerce by Water from the Low-Countries to Vienna and even unto the Euxine But some inconveniencies in the attempt and his Warlike diversions made him give over that Noble design 2. Frankfort Francfort or Franckfurt Francofurtum Francphordia Helenopotis olim Trajectus Francorum The passage or Ford of the Franks A Free City and reckoned in the Circle of Franconia by most Geographers though I rather take it to be in the Circle of the Higher Rhine It is renowned for its Book-Fairs or Marts in March and in September For its Fortress and for the Election of the Emperor It is a large and strong place divided into two parts Frankfurt and Saxenhausen by the River Maein united by a Stone-Bridg Other Imperial Towns in Franconia are 1. Schweinfurt Suevorum Trajectus Swinphordia Suvinfurtum seated in a fruitful Soil 2. Rotenburg al. Tuberum seated upon the River Tauber which some say is like Jerusalem for its Situation upon Hills and for its many Turrets 3. Weinsheim Vinisima Vinshemia Winshaim 4. Altdorff a University 1623. Of HASSIA ADjoining to Franconia on the North-west is the Landgravedom of Hessen or Hassia of a healthy Air and a fruitful Soil in Corn and Pasturages The greatest part of the Country is now divided into two Families the one of Cassel the other of Darmstat of the youngest House chief places belonging to the Landgraves are Cassel Cassella Cassilia Castella Cattorum Stereontium Ptol. teste Pyramio upon the River Fuld the chief Seat of the Landgraves 2. Marpurg or Martpurg Marpurgum Martis-burgam Mattiacum Ptol. teste Ortel Amasia Baud. upon the River Lohn an University founded in the year 1426 by Lewis Bishop of Munster Here the Landgraves have a stately and magnificent Castle mounted upon a high Hill without the Town enjoying a pleasant prospect and one of their chief places of Residence 3. Darmstad with its Castle is the Seat and Inheritance of the youngest House of the Landgraves Part of this Country of Hessen belongs to the Abbey of Fulda one of the richest and most celebrious in Europe Anno 1640. it was taken by Bannier and here he heard a Voice in the Air Be gone Bannier be gone for now the time is yet he lived to get that Victory at Homberg in Hassia between Fridberg and Francford But at the Battel near the River Sale valorously defending a Bank he was forced to yield and goeth to Halberstade where voiding much Blood and Matter through an Imposthume or breaking of a Vein he put an end to his life and to all his toyl and labours This Abbey was founded by St. Boniface an English man This Abbot is a Prince of the Empire and Arch-Chancellor of the Empress calls himself Primate of Gallia his County is called Buchen Buchovia from the plenty of Beeches To which we may add the Abbey of Hirchfeld betwixt Hessen and the Rhine and intermingled lies the Confederation of Wetteraw or a Combination of many Estates viz. 1. Earls or Counts of Nassaw from whence the Illustrious Grave Maurice and other Princes of Orange are descended 2. Solms well allied 3. Hanaw the Counts whereof have large Estates and a Justice from which their Subjects cannot appeal 4. To this Country belongs the Counts of Waldeck subject to the Lantgraves The Barons of Limborg have a Title of Semperfre The Counts of Swartsbourg are great in Riches with many others Of WESTPHALIA COntiguous on the North of Hessen lies the Circle of Westphalia a Country full of Woods which nourish many Swine which make excellent Bacon and abounding as plentifully in other places with Corn. This Country is divided amongst the Ecclesiasticks Counts and Imperial Cities The Bishops are 1. Munster a City seated on the River Ems Monasterium ol Minigrado Miningrade built by Charles the Great In the year 1533 called New Jerusalem by the Anabaptist and their King John of Leyden King of Sion who being at last besieged and taken was put on the top of a Steeple in an Iron Cage where he was eaten up by Flies and Wasps together with two of his Companions 2. Of Padeborn or Paderborn incolis of a miraculous Foundation 3. Minden Minda once a Bishoprick but now setled upon the Marquess of Brandenburg with the Title of Prince by Munster-Treaty as also is Ferden 4. Of Osnabruck or Osenbrug Osnabrugum seu Osnabrucum so made 776. a Carolo Magno The alternate possession whereof is given to the Duke of Brunswick for his Cession of his Bishoprick of Halberstat The chief Counts of Westphalia are first of East-friezland who in the year 1653 was raised to the Dignity of Prince whose Seat is at Aurick or Auricum 2. The Counts or Prince of Oldenburg Delmenhorst are totally extinguished by the death of Anthony Gunther in the year 1656. However famous in that the Kings of Denmark are descended from it ever since Christian Earl of Oldenburg was chosen King of Denmark Ann. 1448. 3. Of
Bern Lucern and Friburg Geneva first with Friburg then with Bern and Zurich As for the Prefectures of the Switzers they are such lesser Parcels and Adittaments as have arrived to their State and are Subject to their Authority either by Gift Purchase or War viz. the Town and Country of Baden Bremgarten Mellingen Rapersvila or Raperchswil The free Provinces of Wagenthal The Country of Tergow al. Tergea The Country and Town of Sargans and Walenstat The Prefectorship of Rheineck The Vallies of Locarn Lugan Mendrisi and Madia The Balliages of Belinzona Gasteren and Vlzenach Of Granson Morat and Orbe and Schwarzimburg and the Count Verdemburg All which Cantons as well as their Allies are as so many distinct Commonwealths Governed by their Magistrates and independent upon one another They have two sorts of Religion amongst them the Roman Catholick and the Protestant The Catholick Cantons are five or as some count seven the five Cantons are Vri Switz Vnderwald Lucern and Zug They that reckon seven add Friburg and Soleure But Zurich Bern Basil and Scasouse are Protestants Glans and Appenzel are Protestants and Papists mix'd together The Catholick Cantons Assemble at Lucern and the Protestant Cantons at Aran. The General Assemblies are held yearly at Baden which bears that Name from her Baths Every Canton is free to engage where it sees convenient Among all these Cantons Zurich has the Precedency Bern is the most Powerful Basil has the finest City the Residence and the Rendezvous of several learned Men. The Canton of Schasouse has a City famous for Trade and in Solothure stands a City of the same Name where the most Christian King's Embassador Resides Vren Switz Vnderwald Glaris and Appenzel have only Burroughs The Order of the 13 Cantons according to their Precedency is Zurich Bern Lucern Vren Switz Vnderwald Zug Glaris Basil Friburg Solothure Schafhausen and Appenzel Amongst the Allies of the Cantons the Grisons are the most Powerful of all Their City of Coire is the place whither the Merchandizes of Italy and Germany are brought by reason of its Situation upon the Rhine which in that place begins to grow Navigable The Chief Cities in these Cantons are Zurich the Tigurium of Caes Liv. pleasantly Situate at the end of a Lake called Zurich-Sea or Tigurinum Lacum divided almost into two equal parts by the River Ligamus which runs out of the Lake but joyned together by two Bridges The Houses built of Timber and Painted many four or five Stories high The Streets narrow but paved with Flints and Pebbles 'T is well Fortified besides the Wall with good Earth-works and Trenches It hath a University Its Citizens are Rich given to Merchandise Busy and Industrious To this belongs the Power and Authority of summoning the General Diets and having the first place in both Assemblies Near Zurich was Zuinglius Slain aged 44 years whose Heart remained whole in the midst of the Fire after his Body was consumed As also the Heart of Bishop Cranmer in England as 't is reported Below Zurich upon the Ligamus enjoying a most happy and pleasant Situation lieth the Town of Baden named thus from the hot Baths thereof beautified with fair Buildings The Seat of their General Diets much frequented and resorted to also for its publick and private Baths not so much for Health as Pleasure The chiefest Virtue is the quickning Power they have upon barren Women for here the Men and Women promiscuously wash together and which is worst in private too Basil Ang. Basil Germ. Basle Gal. Basilea Ital. Basilia Mercel The Arialbinum of Ant. teste Cluver Sanson A City large and fair The Houses built of Stone for the most part and painted compassed with a double Wall and Trench Rich and Populous The River Rhine divides it into two parts which are joyned together by a Bridg of fourteen Arches In this City are said to be 600 Fountains It gives Title to a Bishop who is not suffered to lodg in the Town one Night Spantalus an English Man was the first Bishop here 'T is an University founded by Pope Pius the 2d Here was Erasmus buried and here was held that Council where it was decreed that a General Council was above the Pope An. 1431. Near hereunto is the Village Augst where stood the City Augusta Rauracom Ptol. Rauriaca of Plin. and Basilia Civitas Basiliensium of Ant. Bern seated upon the Aar with whose Streams Island-like it is almost round encompassed on that side which is not it is strongly Fortified with Bastions and Out-works 'T is built of Stone and hath one long Street with narrow Porticoes or Cloysters on both sides The great Church is one of the handsomest Stone-Fabricks in all Switzerland Lucern is seated upon both sides of the River Russ issuing forth of the Lake Lucern and Waldstetten-See a neat City and pleasantly seated it hath four Bridges over the Russ one for Carts the other foot-Bridges one near a quarter of a Mile long The great Church stands without the City-wall and is noted for its great Organ The City is well traded and much frequented by Strangers being the ordinary Road between Italy and Gremany and the Rendezvous of their Merchandise passing that way Altrof an open Village is the Chief of the Canton of Vren The Village of Switz gave Name to the Country Stantz is the chief of the Canton of Vnderwald Glaris gives Name to that Canton Zug is a walled Town upon the left Shore of the Zugen-See Appenzel was sometimes the Seat of the Abbots of St. Gall then Lords of the Country now gives Name to the Canton Solothurn Solothurum of Ant. upon the Aar was the place of Martyrdom of Vrsus and his 66 Theban Soldiers in the Reign of the Emperor Dioclesian Friburg upon the River Sana is a handsome Town and Head of the Canton Schaf-hausen is seated upon the River Rhine where all Boats and Flotes that come down the River unload because of the Catarract or precipitious Descent of the Rhine at Wasserfal Here as at Zurich the Citizens wear Swords when they go abroad Chief Towns of the Confederate-Estates are Geneva Caes Genevra Ital. Gneff Germ. is pleasantly seated at the lower end of the Lake Lemanus now Genfferzee or the Lake of Geneva divided by the River Rhoscu into two parts which are joyned together by two Wooden Bridges strong and well fortified with Ramparts and Bastions of Earth and well governed where Vice is discountenanced yet Sports and Exercises allowed upon the Lords Day the People Industrious in Trading and Provisions plentiful Losanne Lausanna the Lausonium Ant. is a great Town and University upon Lacus Lamani Coira vel Coria Ital. Chur Incolis Caria Ant. Diac. is the Capital City of the Grisons almost environed with Mountains a Bishops See whose Inhabitants are all Protestants except the Bishop who hath nothing to do in the Government of it yet Coins Money which is currant there This Rhaetia or Country of the Grisons is divided
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
Bagdat Tygris Hidekel Ebraeis Tegil Castal Pinero Diglath Josepho descends from the Georgian Mountains falls into divers Lakes loses itself divers times in the Earth cuts through the Mountains separates Mesopotamia from Assyria washes the Ruines of Niniveh receives the Branches of the Euphrates and diseharges itself into the Persian Gulph Phasis or Fassa hath its Head in the same Mountain with the Euphrates and runs its Course towards the North and after it hath passed 100 Bridges falls into the Euxian Sea. Araxes Arass Achlar Leunc Cajacz Thev runs Eastward and joins itself with Kur or Cyrus whose Rise or Spring is from the other side of the Mountain Mingol and then falls into the Caspian Sea. Since these Rivers have here their Springs Sanson tells us That if there yet remains any marks by which we may discover the place where the Terrestrial Paradise was placed it was rather in this Country than in any other But Sir John Chardin makes the River Phasis to arise from the Caucasus Mons about 350 Miles distant and to run South into the Pontus Euxinus The Armenians are generally of a healthy strong and robustious Bodies their Countenance commonly grave their Features well proportioned and of comely Personage but of a Melancholy and Saturnine Air. In their Humors Covetous and Sordid Heady and Obstinate of a dull and stupid Apprehension unless in Merchandize and Trade Yet 't is observed That those that are brought up in other Countries are of a more acute Understanding pleasing and merry in Behaviour but the Women are commonly ill shaped long nosed and not so much as tolerably handsom Ric. Armenia was conquered in the Year 1515. by Selimus the First and annexed to the Ottoman Dominions yet the Armenians pretend they cannot be made Slaves by reason of certain Priviledges which their Predecessors obtained from Mahomet when they assisted him to settle his Empire upon which consideration most of the Merchants of Turky go by the name of Armenians The Armenian Church is Ruled by four Patriarchs the chief of which resides at Etchmeasen Ric. Ecs-miazin Chard Changlee Chilse by the Turks or Ouch Chilse from the Three Churches which are there built in a Triangle about two or three Leagues from Rivan or Erivan The chief Places now are Erzirum Theodosiopolis P. Gillio Sinera Minadaio Aziris aliis a Frontier Town and Great Thorough Fare the Residence of a Basha The Houses are ill built of Wood without any Order or Proportion where are some Remains of Churches Tavineer tells us That though it be very cold yet Barley grows there in 40 days and Wheat in 60. Erez after Garisoned by Mustapha was taken by Storm and was Witness of Emirhamz first Contest with the Turks Cars Carse or Charsa Leunc a large City but thin peopled seated in a good Soil the Rendezvous of the Grand Signior's Army A days Journy from Kars are to be seen the Ruines of a great City called Anikagee strongly situated in a Mersh Tav Rivan or Erivan is seated in a plentiful Country now belonging to the Sultan of Persia being taken by Sha Sefi who put all the Garison to the Sword. 'T is famous for its Trade of Silks and plenty of Wine not far from this City are to be seen the Ruines of the ancient Artaxata the Seat of the ancient Kings of Armenia teste Tavernier So that Teflis in Georgia cannot be the Artaxata of the Ancients as in our Geographical Dictionaries Nassivan or Nachavan the Nexuana of Ptol. according to the opinion of the Armenians is the most ancient City of the World three Leagues from Mount Ararat the place where Noah lived after he came out of the Ark. There is seen the Ruines of a great Mosque which they say was one of the most stately Buildings in the World erected in memory of Noah's burying place In the Canderan Plains not far from Nassivan was fought a memorable Battel betwixt the Turks and Persians where both the Emperors Selym and Ismael were present Van the Artemita Plin. Artemitta Strab. Artemidita Ptol. is a great City upon the side of the wide Lake Arcissa or Arsanias now Lake de Vastan seated on the Top of a high Mountain and is the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Betlis by some said to be the Tigranocerta of Plin. Tac. belongs to a Bey or Prince of the Country who neither acknowledges the Grand Segnior nor the Persian Sultan It is situate between two high Mountains guarded with a Castle and Draw-Bridge The Bey besides the strength of his Passes is able to bring above 25000 Horse besides Foot into the Field Near this place the Persians obtained a great Victory over the Turks in which were slain five Sanziacks 800 Janizaries 20000 Soldiers 40 pieces of Cannon taken and Solyman's Seraglio in which were Beauties he not a little doted on when Ebrahim Bassa was strangled by a Mute Old Julpha or Zulfa was the ancient Habitation of the Armenians which Sha Abbas carried into Persia and is thought to be the Ariammene of the Ancients Astabat a League from the Aras the onely Country that produceth the Ronas Root whose use is to dye Red and for which there is a vast Sale all over Persia and India Marante is famous for the burying place of Noah's Wife Sophiana is more like a Forest than a City The Convent of St. Stephens near Naksivan was the retiring place of St. Matthew and St. Bartholomew in the time of their Persecution a noted place for Devotion Of GEORGIA Between the Black Sea and the Caspian lies Georgia so called by the Grecians from the word Georgoi which signifies Husbandmen Some will have this Name derive itself from that of St. George the Patron Saint of all the Christians of the Greek Church Under the general Name whereof we comprehend Mingrelia Gurgistan Zuiria and Comania Provinces which the ancient Romans could not subdue by reason of the ruggedness of the Mountains which were known to the Ancients by the Name of Caucasus made famous by the Fable of Prometheus Mingrelia with Avogasia are the same with Colchis or little more Famous for the Amours of Jason and Medea and for the Conquest of the Golden Fleece by the Argonauts Gurgistan is the ancient Iberia Zuiria answers to the ancient Albania and Comania or Carcassia composeth some part of the Asiatic Sarmatia on the South of Don. The ancient Kingdom of Colchis was not so small as now 't is reckoned when it extended from the Palus Maeotis as far as Iberia whose Capital City was also so called where our modern Geographers place Fasso The Corax and Phasis famous Rivers in ancient History now called Codours and Rione serve for its Bounds in Length 110 Miles in Breadth about 60. It is now divided into three parts viz. Mingrelia Guriel and Imiretta Mingrelia Odische Incolis is a Country full of Hills and Mountains Vallies and Plains almost covered with Woods The Air is temperate but very moist and unwholsom in regard of
under no Law nor Religion as their name imports Herbert tells us That during the time he staid amongst them he saw no signs of any knowledge of God no spark of Devotion no symptom of Heaven or Hell no place set apart for Worship no Sabboth for Rest Many of them will steal with their Feet while they stare ye in the Face They sell their Cattel to the Seamen that come into those parts But they are forc'd to tie the Oxen to Trees and to put the Sheep in Pens before they pay them for else upon a peculiar whistle the Cattle will run after them and leave the Purchaser in the lurch In Complexion they are like our Chimney Sweepers Besides they have great Heads flat Noses whither it be that they are press'd in their Infancy or because that their Mothers carry them at their backs against which they may be subject to knock them Their Hair is frizl'd their Lips extraordinary big their Back Bone very sharp their Hips large so that there can be nothing seen more ugly The Cape of good Hope which lies in the most Southern part of this Country is the most famous the longest and the most dangerous Cape in the World. It was so call d because that being once past that the Seamen had some hopes to arrive quickly at the East Indies Formerly it was call'd the Cape of Whirle-winds or Tempests which much annoy'd those Seas Some call it the Lyon of the Sea others the Head of Africa There are certain signs to know when you are near it For within fifty or sixty Leagues the Sea is full of the bodies of thick Reeds that float upon the Water and the white Birds with black Spots make their appearance The Mouth of the Bay to the East of the Cape is five Leagues broad encompassed with sharp Rocks The Air is temperate and the neighbouring Valleys are full of Herbs and Flowers Their Rivers abound in Fish their Woods in Venison and Bees The Natives that cloath themselves with the Skins of these Beasts are very swift but brutes in their eating and when they speak they gobble like Turkie Cocks The Hollanders have built a Fort there a League from which they have a fair and handsome Town all sorts of Grain there out of Asia or Europe thrive better than in other parts The Cafres are black because they rub themselves with a Grease or Ointment composed of several sorts of Drugs to preserve themselves from being Hydropical they have great knowledge of Simples and have cured several of the Dutch of Ulcers and old Wounds which were past the skill of their own Chyrurgeons Monomotopa is almost environ'd by Cafreria It bears the name of the King. It is very fertile abounding in Ivory and so rich in Gold that the King is call'd the Golden Emperor The Inhabitants who are very superstitious have no other Arms than Pikes Bows and Arrows But they are so swift that they will run as fast as a Horse The common People wear nothing above their Wastes and for the Maids they go stark naked so that a Man may choose his Wife according to the Custom of the Vtopian Common-wealth A Relation made in the year 1651 Reports that the King of Monomotopa was baptiz'd with all his Court by the Jesuits The King himself is generally trick'd with Bracelets and Pretious Stones like a Bridegroom nor will he ever wear any Foreign Stuffs for fear they should be poison'd Unless it be the T'wist the Coller and his Buskins of which he has liberty to change the Fashion he is obliged in other things to follow the Fashion of his Predecessors by the Laws of his Kingdom 'T is reported that for his usual Guard he has a Regiment of Women and another of Dogs and that those Women in War do as much service as Men. He gratifies the Princes which are his Tributaries with a present of Fire every year as a mark of his acknowledgment Mono Emugi is a potent Kingdom to the North of Monomotopa The Giaques otherwise call'd Galles and Chava's are neighbours to one another and are famous for their Valor and for the Victories they have got over the Abassins in the Upper Ethiopia The COAST OF Zanguebar and Aien by Robt. Morden ZANGVEBAR call'd by the Antients Barbary is a large Coast in the Eastern part of Africa which extends it self all along the Indian Sea on this side and beyond the Equator The Natives are Idolaters under divers Sovereigns They give their minds to Trade as well as the Arabians and Mahumetans that are among them The Southern part chiefly bears the name of Zanguebar which contains the small Kingdoms of Mozambique Quilâ—a Mombaza and Melinda The Northern part is call'd Ayen and sometimes New Arabia It comprehends the Dominions of Brava Magadoxo Adea and Adel. In Mozambique lies the best place that the Portugals have in all those quarters For they possess a very strong Castle in the Island of that Name about half a League long where their Ships stay for seasonable weather to carry them to the East Indies The Port is upon the Northside of the City and you must leave two Islands upon the left hand as you enter into it It would be better inhabited but the Air is very unwholesome Quiloa lies in the same Peninsula The King thereof was the first in Zanguebar that became Tributary to the Portugals In Quiloa are a most excellent sort of Hens though their Flesh their Feathers and their very Bones be black Mombaze lies in an Island and upon a Rock under 3d 50 m. South was subdued to the Crown of Portugal by Almeyda in the year 1505. Sometimes the Portugals Winter there for Provisions are very plentiful and cheap The entrance into the Port is so narrow and so rocky that in some places there is not room for above one Ship to enter The Estates of Lamon and Pate are under the Government of Melinda The Coast of Ajan contains the Republick of Brava is a small Common-wealth with a City built according to the Fashion of the Moors It has usually paid a small Tribute to the Portugals Magadoxo is under a King of their own and the Natives are Mahumetans To Adea belongs a very good Port call'd Barraboa Adel whose chief City is Arat obeys a King who is an enemy to the Abissines Barbora and Zeila are places of great Trade by reason of the conveniency of their Ports towards the entry into the Red Sea. Zeila was the Aralites of Plin. Ptol. and Steph. the Emporium of the Trogloditicae teste Mol. Zocotora Isle well known to former Ages to some by the name of Dioscorida thought to be the Topazo of Pliny by the Turks Catuchomer by the Persians Cabar by the Spaniards Acebar Ramusio Curia Muria aliis Alba Curia incolis Abbadal Curia is situated at the Mouth of the Red-Sea sixty Miles long and twenty four broad which though defective in most necessaries for life yet it hath plenty
such miles are exactly equal to a Degree I shall here note that no Country doth in all parts of its Territories make use of the same extent in measuring The Germans have their great little and ordinary miles the Leagues of France and Spain are of different lengths and so are the miles in our own Country The Earth as was said before is encompassed about with the Water which washing and surrounding the dry Land cuts out and shapes so many winding Bays Creeks and meandring Inlets and seems no where so much confined and penned as in the Straits of Magellan from whence again expatiating it spreads its self into two immense and almost boundless Oceans which give Terminaries to the four Regions of the Earth and extending it self round them all is but one continued Ocean The Water is either Ocean Seas Straits Creeks Lakes or Rivers The Ocean is a general Collection or Rendezvouz of all Waters The Sea is a part of the Ocean and is either exterior lying open to the shore as the British or Arabian Seas or interior lying within the Land to which you must pass through some Strait as the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean lying betwixt two Shores and opening a way into the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter the Hellespont c. A Creek is a small narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little way into the Land otherwise called a Bay a Station or Road for Ships A Lake is that which continually retains and keeps Water in it as the Lakes Nicurgua in America and Zaire in Africa A River is a small Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land courting the Banks whilst they their Arms display to embrace her silver waves Of the Names of the Ocean According to the four Quarters it had four Names From the East it was called the Eastern or Oriental Ocean from the West the Western or Occidental Ocean from the North the Northern or Septentrional and from the South the Southern or Meridional Ocean But besides these more general Names it hath other particular Appellations according to the Countries it boundeth upon and the Nature of the Sea As it lies extended towards the East it is called the Chinean Sea from the adjacent Country of China Towards the South 't is called Oceanus Indicus or the Indian Sea because upon it lies the Indians Where it touches the Coast of Persia it is called Mare Persicum So also Mare Arabicum from Arabia So towards the West is the Ethiopian Sea. Then the Atlantick Ocean from Atlas a Mountain or Promontory in Africa but more Westward near to America it is called by the Spaniards Mar del Nort and on the other side of America it is called Mar del Zur or Mare Pacificum Where it toucheth upon Spain it is called Oceanus Hispanicus by the English the Bay of Biscay The Sea between England and France is called the Channel between England and Ireland the Irish Sea Between England and Holland it is called by some the German or rather the British Ocean Beyond Scotland it is called Mare Caledonium higher towards the North it is called the Hyperborean or Frozen Sea more Eastward upon the Coast of Tartary the Tartarian Sea or Scythian Ocean c. The Names of the Inland Seas are 1. The Baltick Sea by the Dutch called the Oast Zee by the Inhabitants Die Belth lying between Denmark and Sweden the chief Entrance whereof is called the Sound 2. Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea to which joyns Meâ—tis Palus now Mar de Zabacke The third is the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. The fourth is the Arabian Gulf Mare Erythaeum Mare Rubeum or the Red Sea. The fifth is the Persian Gulf or the Gulf de Elcatif The sixth is Mare Mediterraneum by the English the Straits by the Spaniards Mar de Levant the beginning or entrance of it is called the Straits of Gibralter rather Gibal-Tarif Now that all Places Cities Towns Seas Rivers Lakes c. may be readily found out upon the Globe or Map all Geographers do or should place them according to their Longitude and Latitude the use of which in the absolute sense is to make out the position of any Place in respect of the whole Globe or to shew the Scituation and distance of one place from and in respect of any other Longitude is the distance of a place from the first Meridian reckoned in the degrees of the Equator beginning by some at the Canaries by others at the Azores by reason of which Confusion I have made the Longitudes in this English Geography to begin from London and are reckoned Eastward and Westward according as they are situated from London on the top of the Map. And have also added the Longitude from the Tenerif round about the Globe of the Earth at the bottom of the Map as usually in the Dutch Maps that so you may by inspection only see the Truth or Error if you compare them with the Tables or Maps formerly Extant The Latitude of a place is the distance of the Equator from that place reckoned in the degrees of the great Meridian and is either North or South according as it lies between the North and South-Poles of the Equator EVROPE is divided into these Kingdoms or Estates  Cities Modern Cities Old. Northwards The Isles of Great Britain or England Scotland Wales and Ireland c. London Londinium Edinburgh Alata Castra Welshpool Trillinum Dublin Eblana Scandinavia contains the Kingdoms of Denmark Norway Sweden Copenhagen Haphnia Berghen Bergae Stockholm Holmia The several Kingdoms of Russia or Moscovia L'Arcangel Archangelopolis Moskow Moscha The Estates of the Kingdom of Poland Cracow and Cracovia Dantzick Gedanum In the Middle The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania Hungaria Caffa Theodosia Tarvis Targoviscum Jassy Jassium Weissemburg Alba Julia Buda Sicambia The Empire of Germany Vienna Ala Flaviana The Estates or Republicks of Switzerland 7Vnited Provinces 10 Spanish Provinc Zurick Tigurium Amsterdam Amsterodamum Antwerpen Andoverpum Kingdom or 12 Gover. of France Paris Lutetia Southwards Kingdoms Principal of Spain Madrid Madritum The Kingdom of Portugal Lisbon Olysippo Estates of the Duke of Savoy c. Chambery Cameriacum Kingdoms and Estates in Italy Rome Roma The Kingdom and Isle of Sicily Messina Messana The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria Romania Zagrab Sisopa Vihitz Vihitza Zara Jadera Ragusa Epidaurus Bosna Serai Jayeza Belgrade Alba Graeca Sophia Sardica Constantinople Byzantium The Estates of Greece Athini Athaenae The Islands of Negropont Candia Sardinia c. Negropont Eubaea Candia Matium Cagliari Calaris Of Europe EVROPE by Robt. Morden EVROPE one of the four great Parts of the World is also the most considerable in Respect of the Beauty of her Kingdoms and Commonwealths the Politeness of her Inhabitants the Excellent Government of her Cities as also in Regard
entertain the best Prince in Christendom Mantoua is of great Antiquity Schottus saith 't is 4 Miles in compass hath 8 Gates and about 50000 Souls It was miserably attacked by the Germans 1619. and by the Emperor Ferdinand 2d's Army in the year 1630. The Dukes yearly Revenue is said to be 400000 Crowns yet the present Duke is very poor being indebted to the Venetians as Leti saith four Millions of Crowns There are besides four or five small Princes but Soveraign Lords viz. Novellara Guastella Bozolo Sabionetta whose male-line is failed Castiglione and Solfare As also of the Estate of the Dutchy of Montferrat which doth in part belong to the Duke of Mantua the other part to the Duke of Savoy as aforesaid Of the States of Venice THE Demeasnes of the Venetians are very full of Rivers Lakes and Channels 't is a Republique of above 1200 years standing and the Bulwark of Christendom against the Turks The chief City is Venice or Venetia Seated at the bottom of the Adriatick Sea or Gulf of Venice built on 72 Islands distant from the main Land about five miles and defended from the fury of the Sea by a Bank of some say 60 others 35 miles in length open in seven places which serve for passages for Boats or Gondola's of which there are 1300 but for Ships or Vessels of great burden the only passage is at Malamocco and Castle Lido which are strongly fortified it is about eight miles in compass having about 4000 Bridges of which that of the Rialto is the chief built over the Grand Canal The Lagunes or Shallows of Venice sink of late so much that the preserving it still an Island is like to become as great a charge to the Venetians as the keeping out of the Sea is to the Dutch. It s Arsenal is the most beautiful the biggest and the best furnished in all Europe being about two miles in Circuit where they always keep 200 Gallies with all Materials for War. It s Magazine of all sorts of Engines and Arms for Sea and Land among which are 1000 Coats of Plates garnished with Gold and covered with Velvet But above all its Church of St. Mark Reported to be the fairest and richest in all the World a Church of Admirable Mosaick Work with Pillars of Marble Porphyry c. and for the inside the Riches of it are so great the Images Tombs c. so glorious the Altars so adorned with Gold Silver Pearls and Precious Stones that all the Treasury of the State may seem to be amassed in the Decking of it In this City are 200 particular Palaces built of Marble adorned with Columns Statues Pictures c. of great Value of such Grandeur as that they are fit to Lodg and give Entertainment to any Prince 17 Rich Hospitals 56 Tribunals or Courts of Justice 67 Parish-Churches 26 Monasteries of Nuns 54 Convents of Friers 18 Chappels 6 Free Schools and its Piazza's sumptuously adorned with Statues Paintings c. As for the Religion of this State though they Tolerate that of the Greek Church they profess that of the Church of Rome but with Caution and Respect to their own Authority Of their Forces some estimate may be made by the Arms they brought against Lewis the XII where they had 2000 Men of Arms 3000 Light Horse and 30000 Foot most of their own Subjects without any Detachments from their Forts or Garisons And a signal Evidence of their Power at Sea was their great Fleet set out against the Grand Signior for the War of Cyprus Anno 1570. in which they Manned out one great Gallion 11 great Gallies 25 tall Ships and 150 Gallies of lesser size To sum up all they once held a War for seven years together against all the Princes of Europe except England in all which time they neither wanted Men nor Money We may conclude therefore That as Europe is the Head of the World and Italy the Face of Europe so Venice is the Eye of Italy the fairest strongest and most Active part in that Powerful Body The Annual Revenues of this Republick according to Mr. Rays information was about five Millions and 300 and 20000 Venetian Duckets yearly Other Cities with their Territories belonging to the State of Venice are the pleasant Vicenza or Vicentia the Healthy Populous and Fruitful Brescia Brixia The strong Fortresses Crema six miles of which is the famous Cave of Custoza 4000 Foot long and 3000 broad and three miles in Circuit with its stately Temple Sancta Maria della Cruce and Bergamo The pleasant Physick-University Padoua Padua the Patavium of the Ancients built by Antenor and is famous for the Birth of Livy Zabarel and Maginus noted for the Civility of the Men and Chastity of the Women with its Garden of Simples Tarvisium Trevigi with its excellent Wheat Verona with its Hill Baldus Famous for Medicinal Herbs The Territory of Friuli where is the well fortified Palma Feltre and Belluno The Territory of Istria Istrie Gall. Hystereich Germ. where is Triest or Tergestum Petana now Pedena belonging to the Emperor Citta Nova or Aemonia Parenzo Parentum and Pola Rovigo once belonging to the Dukedom of Ferrara with Chioggia the Bulwark of Venice Besides all these the State of Venice commands a great part of Dalmatia with the Islands Corfu Cephalonia Ithaca Zant Cithera and others The Isle of St. Maure and the strong Prevesa were in the year 1685. conquered from the Turks The Bishoprick of Trent which belongs to its proper Bishop is in the Protection of the House of Austria It s chief City of the same Name is Inhabited by Italians and Germans and is Famous for the Council held there But of this we have Treated of more at large in the Description of Tirol in Germany Of the Estates of the Church or Pope THE Second part of Italy according to our Method contains the Estates of the Church of Tuscany and Lucca The Territories of the Church are the more considerable because the Pope to whom they belong is a Spiritual as well as a Temporal Prince Chief and Sovereign Pontifex as he styles himself of all Christendom Patriarch of Rome and of the West Primate and Hexarch of Italy Metropolitan of the Suffragan-Bishops of Rome and Bishop of St. John Lateran The chief City is Rome formerly the Capital City of the most considerable Empire in the World Mistress of the fairest part of the Universe Famous for her great Men that excelled in Valour Justice and Temperance The Seat of Kings Consuls and Emperors said to have been 50 miles in compass and her Walls Fortified with 750 Towers But now not having the Moiety of its former pristine splendor and Magnitude scarce containing 11 miles in circuit yet few Cities can compare with her if we consider her Antiquity her Churches her Palaces and other Curiosities Here was the Capitol saved from the Fury of the Gauls by the Cackling of Geese It was twice burnt once in the Civil Wars of Marius
Scruples 36000 the same with the Hebrew 125 l. Of the Grecian Coin. Darius Stater having the Image of Sagittarius containing 2 Drams was worth 15 Shillings English Gold. The Stater of Cizicus weighing 28 Drachms was in value 1 pound 1 shilling The Talent containing 60 Mina's and every Mina a hundred Drams viz. 6 thousand Drams to a Talent was valued at 187 pound 10 shillings Sterling The greater Talent of 8 thousand Drams was valued at 250 pound sterling so was the Talent of Egypt The Talent of Babylon at 7 thousand was valued at 218 pound 15 shillings The Talent of Aegina at 312 pound 16 shillings and that of Alexandria containing 12 thousand Drachms at 375 pound sterling The Grecian Silver Coins The Stater of Macedon was in value 2 s. 9 d. farthing and 2 thirds sterling The Stater of Corinth 1 s. 8 d. half-peny sterling The Didrachmum with the Image of an Ox was in value 1 s. 3 d. English The Drachma marked with Minerva's Candle weighing with the Roman peny value sterling 7 d. half-peny Of Grecian Distances The Dactylus or Digitus a fingers breadth 96000 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the lesser Palm of four fingers breadth 24000 Spithame the greater Palme 12 fingers breadth 8000 Pes 4 Palms 16 fingers less than the Roman foot by half 6000 an Inch greater than the Hebrew by one fourth 6000 The Cubits were of 3 sorts viz. of 18 of 20 and of 24 fingers in breadth 4000 The Orgya Passus a pace 6 foot 4 Cubits 1000 Stradium Orgyas furlong 100 paces 400 cubits 600 feet 8 Millare 8 Stradïa or furlongs a Mile 1 There was also the Parasanga about twenty nine or thirty furlongs and the Schaenus which some make to be sixty furlongs others but 32 furlongs The Grecian Liquid Measures were The Amphora of Attica containing 12 Choos 72 Zestes or Sextarios Chus or Congius is six Sextarios the Amphoreos half of a Metreta Then there is the Cotile half a Sextarius the Quartarius a fourth of a Sextarius Oxibaphum an eighth Chyathos the 1 / 22 Concha the 1 / 24 of a Sextarius Mystrum the 1 / 48 Chemes the 1 / 60 and Cochlear the 1 / 120 of a Sextarius Of the Grecian Weights The lesser Talent of sixty pounds the Pound of twelve ounces and a half the Ounce of eight Drachms the Drachm of three Scruples the Scruple of two Oboles one Obole of one and a half Lupine so that a hundred Drachms of Attica are ninety six of the Roman And the lesser pound of Attica is but seventy five Drams the greater hundred one pound of the greater is 1 â…“ of the lesser and the greater Talent contained 80 l. The Physick Weights mentioned by Dioscorides and Galen The Mina or Pound of sixteen Ounces and the Libra or twelve Ounces ninety six Drachms two hundred eighty eight Scruples five hundred seventy six Oboles and six thousand nine hundred and twelve Grains The parts of a Pound were Sextans two Ounces Quadrans three Ounces Triens four Ounces Quiâ—unx five Ounces Selibra half a Pound Sextunx seven Ounces Bes eight Ounces Dodrans nine Ounces Dextans ten Ounces Deunx eleven Ounces c. For the Hebrew Coins c. See Jerusalem Of the Coins Weights and Measures of the Chief Cities in Europe Of Alicant ALicant seated on the Mediterranean Shore is a Commodious Road for Shipping It affords Wines Raisins Licoris Anniseeds Hard Soap Soda Barrilla and Almonds The Coins are Livers Solds and Deniers 12 Deniers make a Sold 20 Solds a Livre which is about 5 d. Sterl here are also Rials which they call currant Money a single Rial being reckon'd above 6 d. Sterling the Currant Money is of less worth than Plate from 7 to 16 per Cent. according to the Plenty or Scarcity of Pieces of Eight in the Country The Weights are the Cargo Quintal and Rove of 24 l. being 18 Ounces and the Rove of 36 l. being 12 Ounces all gross Commodities are weighed by 24 l. to the Rove and 4 Roves to the Quintal and 2 Quintals and half to the Cargo the Quintal 96 l. because of 18 Ounces to the Pound make 108 English Pepper Cloves all Spices and other Commodities of Value are sold by the Rove of 36 l. being 12 Ounces to the Pound whose Quintal is 120 l. which is about 18 or 20 per Cent. less than the English 112 l. Here the Rove or Cantar is a quarter less than at Cadiz or Mallaga The Measure is the Vare which makes 35 Inches English and ½ The dry Measure is the Hanague whereof five make 8 Bushel English The Wine Measure is the Cantar which is about two Gallons English Note that 12 Barrachilia's is a Chiaze which is equal with 4 Hommocks of Cadiz or Mallaga Salt at a Rial a Measure you are according to Custom to have one Measure for the Ships use without Money Of Amsterdam THIS City by reason of its vast Trade to Foreign Parts affords plenty of all known Commodities in the World the several Commodities of Europe the Drugs Spices and Silks of Asia the Product of Africa and the Riches of America Their Money or Coin is often inhansed or debased as they see occasion but commonly is found to be the same as in the account at Antwerp Their Livre or Pound which is 20 s. Flemish and 120 Stivers makes a Pound of Gross and 20 Stivers or Solds Turnois makes a Gilder which is commonly 2 s. Sterling and 6 Stivers is a Flemish Shilling and 5 Stivers is reckoned as much as 6 d. Sterling Besides these all Coins of Europe do here pass currant and are paid and received in Merchandize according to their Value The Duccatoons are equal to 10 Dutch Shillings or 60 Stivers Patatoons are equal to 48 Stivers or 8 Dutch Shillings Their Weight is the Pound of 16 Ounces 100 whereof makes their Quintal which makes at London 108 or 109 l. neat Their Measure is the Ell which is ¾ of a Yard English so that 100 Ells makes at London 74 Yards or 60 Ells and a half some say 59 Ells. Of Antwerp or Anvers THE Former and Antient Trade of this City was as great and eminent as now Amsterdam is Commodities here found are Tapestries Pictures several Manufacturies and other the Commodities of Flanders Their Accounts are here kept by Livres Solds and Deniers which they term Pound Shillings and Pence of Grosses 12 Grosses making a Sold and 20 Sold a Livre or Pound Flemish The Currant Money here as generally through all the Spanish Provinces are besides the Spanish and Imperial Doits of which 8 makes a Stiver and 6 Stivers a Shilling Flemish and 20 Stivers makes a Gilder 6 Gilders a Pound Flemish which is reckon'd for 12 s. Sterling and 20 s. Sterling for 33 s. 4 d. Flemish but in Exchange 't is sometimes more than 36 s. Flemish for a Pound Sterling Their Weight is the Quintal of 100 l. of 16 Ounces per l.
pleasant Here Money is Coined and here are several Towns but as for the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants they are the same as in Mingrelia The King hath Four good Castles viz. Scander seated upon the side of a Valley Regia and Scorgia both almost inaccessible in the Mountains and naturally fortified 4 Cotatis bearing the Name of the Town and Country round it perhaps the Catatene of Ptol. 90 miles from the mouth of the River Phasis built at the foot of a Hill consisting of about 200 Houses it hath a Fortress built with several Towers and a double Wall. These Three Kingdoms are tributary to the Turks The Tribute of the King of Imiretta is 80 Boys and Girls from Ten to Twenty years of Age. The Prince of Guriel pays 46 Children of both Sexes And the Prince of Mingrelia 60000 Ells of Linen Cloth made in that Country The Princes of Mingrelia give themselves the Title of Dadian that is the head of Justice Of GURGISTAN Georgia by our modern Geographers and the Persians is called Gurgistan by the Georgians Carthuel By some Authors 't is divided into four particular Provinces viz. Imirette and Guriel of which we have spoken of before 3 Caket 4 Carthuel These two last are under the Persian Dominion and this is that which the Persians call Gurgistan and the Georgians Carthueli It is a Country full of Wood and very Mountainous yet encloses a great number of pleasant Plaines and the River Kur the Cyrus of the Ancients runs through the midst of it The Temper of the Air is very kindly their Fair weather begins about May and lasts till the end of November The Soil if well watered produces all sort of Grain Herbs and Fruit in abundance therefore as fertile a Country as can be imagined where a Man may live both deliciously and cheap Their Bread as good as any in the World and their Fruit of all sorts is very delicious Nor is there any part of Europe that produceth fairer Pears and Apples or better tasted nor any part of Asia that brings forth more delicious Pomegranates Their Cattel very good and plentiful their Fowl of all sorts is incomparable There is no better Meat in the world than their young Porkers of which there are abundance The Caspian Sea and Kur River furnish it with all sorts of Salt and Fresh Fish and there is also no Country where they drink more or better Wine No Men are more addicted to their sensual Pleasures and beastial Voluptuousness that is to Drunkenness and Luxury neither are the Women less vitious and wicked having an extraordinary Inclination to the male Sex and contribute more to that torrent of Uncleanness which overflows all the Country Nature saith Sr. John Chardin hath bestowed upon the Women of that Country Graces and Features which are not other where to be seen so that 't is impossible to behold them without loving of their more charming Countenances nor more lovely Statures and Proportions can be pencilled forth by all the Art of man They are Tall clear Limb'd Plump and Full but not over-Fat and extreamly slender in the Waste but that which spoils all is their Nasty Shifts and Painted Faces The Men are naturally witty nor would there be more Learned men or more Ingenious masters in the world were they but improved by the knowledge of Arts and Sciences but their Education is so mean and brutish having nothing but bad Examples that those Parts are altogether drowned in Vice and Ignorance so that they are generally Cheats and Knaves Perfidious Treacherous Ingrateful and Proud. There are several Bishops in Georgia an Arch-bishop and a Patriarch whom they call Catholicos There are also many Churches but nothing remaines of Christianity unless the name of their Fasts for they neither know or practise the least precept of the Law of Jesus Christ The Church-Men also will be as drunk and keep Female Slaves for their Concubines as well as others The Nobility exercise a more Tyrannical power over their Subjects than in Mingrelia challenging a right over their Estates Liberty and Lives if they seize upon them whether Wife or Children they sell them or dispose of them as they please The Province of Carthuel containes no more than four Cities Gori Suram Aly and Teflis Gori or Kori Armatica or Harmastis of old teste Sans is a small City seated in a Plain between two Mountains upon the bank of the River Chur at the foot of a small Hill upon which there is a Fortress built which is garisoned by Native Persians Suram is a small Town but the Fortress is large and well built having 100 Men in garison Teflis Artaxata Plin. Artaxia Tac. Artaxiasata Strab. by the Georgians Cala by some Tebele-cala is called also Darel Melec by P. Jovius Choim the fairest Citie in Georgia seated at the bottom of a Mountain at the foot of which runs the River Cur. The City is encompassed with strong Walls defended with a large Fortress on the South-side it contains about 14 Churches six belonging to the Georgians and the rest to the Armenians The Cathedral which is called Sion is seated upon the bank of the River built of all fair hewen Stone There is not a Mosque in Teflis though the City belongs to a Mahometan Emperor and governed by a Mahometan Prince The Bazars or Market-places are very fair and large built of Stone The Inns or Caravansera's are no less beautiful The Princes Palace is one of the most beautiful Ornaments in Teflis it hath been twice under the power of the Turks once in the Reign of Ishmael the second King of Persia and in the Reign of his Successor Solyman took it almost at the same time as he did Tauris The Kingdom of Caket is at present in subjection to the King of Persia governed by his Viceroy The Cities are all Ruines unless that which is called Caket or Kaket In the Northern part of that Kingdom the Amazons are supposed to have inhabited Ptol. fixes their Country in the Asiatick Sarmatia to the West of Wolga Quintius Curtius saith also that the Kingdom of Thalestris was near to the River Phasis and Strabo speaking of the Expeditions of Pompey and Canidius is of the same opinion Quiria borders upon the Caspian Sea its chief Places are Derbent Caucasiae Portae Plin. or Pylae Iberiae Ortel Demir Temir-Capi Turcis Alexandria Portae Ferreae Caspiae Portae of old now belonging to the Persians it is a great Market for Slaves and is a strong wall'd Town said to be built by Alexander the Great And Tarky at this day under the Duke of Moscovy Some Authors tell us of Stranu or Zambanach which answers to ancient Albana of Zitach or Gorgora thought to be the ancient Getara or Gagara of Ptolomy and Chipeche to be the ancient Chabala It contains the Circassian and Dagestan Tartars The Circassian Country is very fertile producing good store of Fruit and Grain and also good pasture Ground The Men
But generally their Armies now adays consist not of above 50 or 60000 Horse besides 30000 which are always kept upon the Frontiers The Militia is divided into three sorts which are the Corschis generally called Kesel-Bashi or Red-heads in Number about 22000 all good Soldiers and Horsemen The second sort the Goulams or Slaves Renegado Georgians who are about 18000 being also Horsemen The third sort are the Tafenkgis who are composed of Men taken from the Plough as most fit for Labor they are Footmen arm'd with a Scimiter and a Musquet The Persians especially the Rich are much less subject to Sickness than the Europeans nor are they much troubled with the Pox for the dry Air of the Country is an Enemy to it besides they go often to the Bath to sweat out the Venom of that Distemper for as for any method of Physick they have none Diet is the chief Remedy which the Physicians prescribe in all Diseases and account most sovereign They divide the Natural Day into four parts from Sun-rising to Noon from Noon to Sun-set from Sun-set to Midnight and from Midnight till Sun-rise and in the Vulgar Computation of Time make use of Lunar Months which they always begin from the first Appearance of the New Moon But in their Astronomical Accounts they make use of Solar Months The first Month begins upon the 11th of our March the day of the Vernal Equinox being the first day of their year upon which day if a Persian hath not mony to buy him a new Habit he will mortgage his own Body to have one The Persians betroth their Children very young at nine or ten years and among the Armenians some are married and lie together at five or six their Law allows them but four Wives but they may have as many hired Women as they please and may also enjoy their Slaves whom they purchase the Children both of the one and of the other are accounted Lawful and inherit all alike The Nobility of the Persians is founded upon their being descended from Mahomet and these have the Title of Mir or Prince and the Daughters that of Mirza or Princess The Persians wear Red Turbants the Tartars of Giagatay Green ones The Turkish Turbants are White and the Greeks Blue And as they are thus distinguish'd in the Colours of their Turbants so if we regard the natural Enmities of Nations we shall find as great an Antipathy between the Turks and Persians as there is between the Chineses and Japanners the Armenians and Nestorians the Arabians and Abassines the French and Spaniards the Italians and Greeks the Germans and Polanders the Danes and Suedes or the Moscovites and Tartars The Capital City of all Persia is Ispahan built by Arsaces who enlarged the Parthian Dominions and called Dara afterwards Aspadara also Nymzamena by Ben. Jonas Hagistan Clu. Asbahawn by the Arabian Geographer Saphaon Mandevel Spahawn Herb. Spahan Aspachan Izpaan and Hispahan in some Maps and Authors 537 Miles from the Persian Sea 360 from the Caspian 450 from Babylon and 870 from Candahor By which last distance agreeing very near with what Tavenier makes it viz. 390 Agats every Agat being a Province League I find Persia is at least 3 or 400 Miles too much in length in most Maps and in some much more As it is the Residence of the Persian King and in the Centre of his Empire Noble as seated on a vast Plain which extends three ways 15 or 20 Leagues Fair and pleasant for Air healthy considering her Palaces Stately her Gardens Delicious and Fragrant her Piazza's and the Wealth of her Bazars or publick Market places Rich and populous only the Streets are narrow and dark annoyed with Loads of Ordure and Filth in the Summer dusty and in the Winter miry Zulpha or Jelphey Herb. is a little City separated from Ispahan by the River Sonderou and is a Colony of Armenians who enjoy Lands and great Priviledges They have 15 or 16 Churches and Chapels and no Mahometans may live amongst them Schiras Sherazz à Persis Schirasium Baud. Sheraz Herb. Syaphas Ben Jonas Xirias Don Garcias Zyras P. Venet. Cirecatha Steph. Cyropolis Muslaedini-Saddi A City no less ancient than great according to that Proverb Quando Schiras erat Schiras tunc Cairus erat ejus pagus and is now the second City for Magnificence in the Persian Monarchy pleasantly seated at the end of a spacious Plain circumvolved with lofty Hills enriched by Trade made lovely by Art. The Palaces rise so amiably the Mosques and Hummums with their caerulean Tiles and gilded Vanes amongst the Cypresses so glitter by reflecting the Sun-Beams in a curious splendor The Vineyards Gardens Cypresses Sudatories and Temples ravishing the Eye and Smell so that in every part she appears fair and delightful Here Cyrus the most excellent of Heathen Princes was born and here his Body all but his Head which was sent to Pisagard lies entombed Here the great Macedonian glutted his Avarice and Bacchism Here the first Sybil sung our Saviour's Incarnation And here a Series of 200 Kings have swayed their Scepters The Government of Schiras is one of the highest Commands for a Subject and is particularly famous for the most excellent Wines in all Persia Tavernier tells us That now it looks rather like a Town half ruined than a City And that there is a wonderful Well which is 15 years rising to the Top and 15 years falling or sinking to the Bottom Persepolis by the Greek and Latin Authors Elamis by the Persians and Oriental Nations when in its Perfection was the Metropolis of the World Totius Orbis Splendor when in its flourishing condition saith D. Siculus and Q. Curtius the Richest the Noblest and the Loveliest City under the Sun so beautiful and so stately in its Structure being most of Cedar and Cypress Wood the Order of Building so curious and regular as it was in that Age justly styled The Glory of the World. The Success Antiochus Epiphanes had at Jerusalem when he sacrilegiously ravished ten Tuns of Gold made him march to Persepolis with an Army in hopes of getting the greatest Exchequer in the World for though Babylon and Shushan were very Rich the one furnishing the Macedonian Victor with 50000 Talents the other with 9 Millions of Gold and 50000 Talents in Bullion yet in Persepolis there was found 120000 Talents or according to Strabo 32 Millions 750000 Pounds Time would fail me to mention the lofty Palace of the Persian Emperors which for Situation Prospect Richness in Materials and Curiosity of Art rendred it incomparable of that Majesty and Splendor as put the World's Conqueror into amazement at his entrance thereinto But alas this rich and famous City yea the Palace also was at a drunken Feast in a debauched Humor by the Instigation of Thais and at the Command of Alexander set all on Fire an Act which the great Prince would have quenched with his Tears but preceding Mischiefs are not amended by succeeding Lamentations But of
City very fair and pretty intire and has in it the remains of an ancient Palace where was no declination of the Magnetick Needle This Province is about 400 miles from the Frontier to the City Vla but all the Cities and Towns are intirely ruined only some few Houses built of Earth or the rubbish of old Buildings and covered with Thatch or Straw That all the Country beyond the Province of Leao-tum is exceeding desert where nothing is to be seen on all sides but Mountains and Vallies Dens of Bears Tigers and other devouring Beasts Here and there a poor Reed-hut upon the side of some Brooks The City Vla on the River Songoro Tart. Sumhoa Chin. lies in 44 Degrees 20 Minutes The Needle there declines from the South to the West 1 Degree 20 Minutes and is the fairest in all this Country and somtimes also the Seat of the Empire of the Tartars But Kirin is about 30 miles from Vla upon the River Songoro which takes it Course from the Moun. Champe Famous for having been the ancient Seat of our Tartars That the Moscovites come oftentimes to the River Songoro to fish for Pearles That the Distance of Kirin from Xin-Yam was 1028 Chinese Stadia containing 369 miles the Chinese Stadium being 360 Geometrical paces I shall only add that by this relation it doth appear to me that Niulhan or Niuche must be the same Country which is here called Leaâ—-tuâ— for the Emperors design was to visit the Sepulchres of his Ancestors Of INDIA THE Name of India is now given to the Empire of the Mogul and to the two Peninsulas one on this side the other beyond Ganges and the Islands scattered in the Indian Sea which are all comprehended under the general name of the East-Indies under which Appellation some Authors do also take in all the Oriental part of Asia The old Inhabitants hereof were by Megasthenes said to be 122 several Nations Originally descended from the Sons of Noah before their journy to the Valley of Shinaar and Heylin saith that the Plantation of India did precede the attempt of Babel Its first invasion was by Semiramis with an Army of above four Millions if Ctesias and Diodorus Siculus say true who was met with by Staurobates an Indian King with as great an Army by whom she was overcome and slain The next Invasion on this Country was by Bacchus the Son of Jupiter companied with Hercules who by force or by Arts overcame them and taught them the use of Wine Oil and the Art of Architecture After this Alexander invaded India beginning first with Clophae Queen of Magaza After with Porus whom he vanquished and took but giving them their Liberty and Kingdoms again he returned into his own Country after this they lived in peace under their several Kings until the year 1587 when discovered by the Portugals after by the English Dutch c. OF THE Empire of the Mogul EMPIRE de MOGOL by Robt. Morden THis vast Empire comprehends the greatest part of the Continent of India The present Mogul who is the Sovereign derives his Original from Great Temarleng or Tamerlan and is the Eleventh in a direct Line descendent from him there are several Indian Kingdoms tributary to him and he is esteemed the richest Prince in the world and the most potent Monarch of Asia The Territories of his Country being his own Hereditary Revenues the great Lords are but his Receivers who give an account to the Governors of the Provinces and they to the chief Treasurers and Comptrollers of the Exchequer He is also the general Heir to all those to whom he gives Pensions and his Will is a Law in the decision of his Subjects Affairs and therefore they carry the Names of their Employments and not of the Lands which they enjoy Sha Jehan who Reigned Forty years left behind him about 5 Millions and the Throne that he made cost an 160 Millions and 500000 Livres besides six other Thrones set all over with Diamonds Rubies Emralds and Pearls Teste Tav The Mony of this Kingdom is of a good Alloy The Mogul is able to bring 100000 Horse into the Field but his Infantry is very inconsiderable either for Number or Experience He has a good number of Elephants which do him great service for they are sure of foot and lie down and rise up very readily The King is a Turkish Mahumetan nevertheless the most part of his Vassals are Pagans But as there are several sorts of People so likewise there are divers sorts of Religions amongst them which I shall briefly mention at the end of the Description of the East-Indies The Mogul's Country is very fertile and well peopled near the great Rivers They make excellent Bread having Corn and Rice in abundance Victuals in general are very cheap however the Inhabitants are very temperate and sober The neighbouring Country to Tartary is full of Mountains and Forests where the Mogul oft-times takes his pleasure in Hunting there being great abundance and variety of wild Beasts And there it was that Alexander cut down the Wood for the Ships which he sent down the Indus into the Ocean As for Remains of Antiquity there are few or none the Moguls having ruin'd all the ancient Cities which according to the Ancients were 30 large Cities 3000 walled Towns and Castles for natural Defence reckoned impregnable which may not be improbable if it were as some affirm the first Seminary or Station of Noah after his descent from Ararat not far hence distant and afterward the delight of Bacchus which some think was the same with Noah and from the wonderful increase of People which appears by that huge Army Staurobates drew out in his defence against Semiramis the Assyrian Empress both Armies containing 3 Millions And so well builded and planted was this part of India that when Alexander by the overthrow of Porus near the River Hydaspis entered India Herodotus and Curtius report that Alexander should say He found greater Cities and more sumptuous Buildings in King Porus 's Dominions than he had observed in all the World besides Indus is Navigable from Lahor to Sende the Natives call'd it Pang-ab by reason of the five Rivers that fall into it toward the upper part of its Course which are now called Rauee Behat Obchan Wihy and Sindar by Ptol. Acesines Cophys Hydaspis Zaradras and Hispalis Ganges was formerly famous for its Gold now for its Water which is very pure The Natives hold that it sanctifies them whether they drink or whether they bathe in it There are in the whole Empire about 37 Kingdoms the Names whereof are almost the same with those of the Capital Cities viz. Agra Attock Bakar Bakisch Bando Bengala Berar Buchar Cabul Kakares Candahar Candis Canduana Cassimere Chitor Delli Gor Guzarate Haiacan Jamba Jenupar Jesselmere Jesual Maluay Mevat Multan Narva Naugracut Patna Pengab Pitan Sambal Siba Soret Tatta Udessa Teste Thev There are also some petty Territories as the Raja's which are of
the richest the most populous and fullest of Merchants of all Egypt It is built upon the River Nilus in form of an half Moon But it hath no Walls nor Fortifications only a round high Tower where there is neither Watch nor Ward nor Guns yet memorable for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies and the taking of it Anno 12 8 and â—â— 9. The Trade of this City is in Linen and Stuffs of all kinds and Colours Coffee and Rice of which last there is every year above five hundred Ships great and small loaded out for Turkie The pickled Mullets here are highly esteemed all over the Levant The Town is governed by an Aga sent thither by the Pacha of Cairo Mansoura is situate upon the East side of the Nilus Here St. Lewis the French King was taken Prisoner by Sultan Saleh in the History of the Holy War translated out of the French 't is called Kaseâ— It s antient Name I find not by its situation it should be near unto the Tanis of Strabo and Ptol. the Taphnis Ezekieli Pelusium called Belbais by W. of Tyre now Calixene teste Bonacciola was the Birth-place of Ptolomy the Geographer and the Episcopal Seat of Isidore Rosetta Italis Raschit Turcis the Metelis of Ptol. and Mela teste Ben. Tudelensi Bolbitina teste Villano Mol. aliis Canopus But by Ziegler Bocher or Bichieri vulgo C. d. Be ur is the Canopus from Canobus Menelaus Pilot here buried and where stood the Temple of Serapis According to F. Vanslebius Fuva or Fuoa seated upon the East side of Nilus seven hours from Rosetta was by the Greeks called Metelis and in the Copties Dictionary Messil which he saith is very antient a great and considerable Town in a delightful Territory of pleasant Fields and Gardens and that Geziret or the Island of Gold is over against this City At Rosetta the Nilus hath two Branches or Mouths which run into the Sea which are guarded with two Castles that which is about a Mile and a half from Rosetta is a square encompassed with strong Walls built according to the old way having four Towers furnished with seventy four Pieces of Cannon whereof seven are of an extraordinary bigness The other Castle is but a Mosque before it stand seven Pieces of Artilery on the Ground The Waters of Maadie is a Gulph or Pool whose Waters are very salt and comes not from Nilus Benesuaif is the Hermopolis of Strab. and Plin. teste J. Leone the Hermetis and Hermopolis Ptol. Here Pan and Hircus were worshipped teste Zozomeno in Historia Eccclesiastica 'T is now called Ischemunein teste Vansleb Seminaut the antient Sebennis or Sebenit teste Vansleb Sturione Negro is a great Town seated on the West side of Nilus where the Barks that sail for Cairo pay Custom The Custom-house is built upon a Ship in the River Mitgamr is a very beautiful and large Town in the middle way between Damiata and Cairo on the East side of Nilus and over against it is Sitfe a fair and large Town Chana is the Ombri or Ombros Invenal teste Ortel rather Coptes teste Ramusio forty four Miles from Thebae and three hundred from Alexandria Alguechet is the Oasis Magna of Herod Ptol. c. Anasis Strab. Avasis aliis now Gudemez Zieglero El-Eocath or Eleochet is the Oasis parva Azagar Barria Abutich or Albutig is the antient Abydus test Cast Mol. Sues or Suez the Residium of Strabo the Arsinoe and Cleopatris Ptol. teste Zieglero which contains not above two hundred Houses with a bad Port is nevertheless the Turks Arsenal upon the Red-Sea The Haven is small and shallow for neither Gallies nor Ships can enter into it till they are half unladen which is the reason that most of the Vessels lie in the Rode where they are more secure than in the Port. The Governor keeps two small Gallies and some other Vessel to maintain his Authority in the Red-Sea The Commodities of the East Indies were heretofore brought thither and then convey'd into Europe but now the Turks enjoy no more that Commerce by reason of the settlement of the Christians in the Indies The Ships set out from Sues in the Spring and Summer when the North Wind blows the South Winds being most constant in Winter and Autumn Cossir formerly Berenice was the Port whither the Romans ordered all goods to be brought that came from the East Indies which from thence were carry'd the nearest way by the Nile to the City of Coptos now call'd Cana. Buga in the most Southern part of Egypt is a Kingdom according to the Relations of 657 tributary to the Abyssins The antient Town of Arsinoe situated near Fium is totally ruined nothing now remaining but a great many Mountains made of the Ruins and Rubbish of the Town once one of the most great and glorious Cities of Egypt The Monastery of St. Anthony hath no Gate but Men and Beasts are all drawn up over the Wall by a Pulley it hath about two thousand four hundred Acres within the Wall. Siut called in Greek Lycopolis teste Vanst but Baud. tells us Licopolis is now Munia teste Mol. is one of the most famous Towns of the Upper Egypt seated at the foot of a barren Mountain that stands on the West side about half a League from Nilus The Town is great and populous full of Christian Copties where is a Cave cut in the Rock large enough to draw up in Battalia one thousand Horse Tahta is seated near the Ruins of the antient Town Abutig called by the Copties 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon the Banks of Nilus about two days journey from Siut towards the South The Monastery of St. Sennodius the Archimandrite sirnamed the White is built near the Ruins of the Antient Town Adribe where are the Remains of one of the most Magnificent Structures that hath been in Egypt Minie is an antient great and fair Town on the West side of Nilus where are made the Bardaques or Water-pots which are so highly esteemed at Caâ—ro Isne Vansl Asna J. Leont the Syene Plin. Ptol. Diod. four hundred and fifty Miles from Alexandria Isvan Asnan or Asuam is the Metacompsa of Ptol. Tacompson Plin. Tachemimpto Mela teste Zieglero Tuot is Eleven Leagues North of Isna on the East of Nilus where is a Temple of the antient Egyptians Arment is twelve Leagues from Tuot now ruined and forsaken where the Egygtians believe Moses was born At Luxor two Leagues from Tuot are to be seen the Remains of an antient and beautiful Temple in which are seventy eight Pillars of a prodigious bigness and at the old Luxor is an antient Palace whose Ruins shew that it hath been very glorious Bethsames was one of the chief Cities of Ramasis or Goshen Abydus now Abutich once the Royal Seat of Memnon renowned for the Temple of Osiris and the Statue of Memnon The chief Lakes in Egypt were Mareotis now Lago de
that they hold the holy Ghost to proceed from the Father only and not from the Son. That they hold the Soul of Man not to be created because they say God perfected all his Work on the Sixth Day They think it therefore drawn from the Matter but Immortal They hold likewise some other Errors On their Eleventh of January which to us is the Sixth of the same Month and the Feast of the Epiphany the Habessines in memory of the Baptism of our Saviour which they hold with many of the Antients to have been for certain on that day keep a joyful Festival all of them just at break of day before the rising of the Sun going into Ponds and Rivers and there dipping and sporting themselves This Custom having given occasion to some to affirm That they were baptized anew every year They begin the Year on the Calends of September with the Grecians Armenians Russians and other Oriental Christians for they believe as many of the Antients have asserted that the World was made in the Autumnal Equinox If any discord arise betwixt Man and Wife so that they cannot be reconciled the Kings Judges dissolve the Marriage and they are free to marry again As we have mentioned before the King of Habessinia's unparallell'd absoluteness in Temporals so our Author says That the chief Ecclesiastical Power is in him so that all things of Jurisdiction only some small Causes excepted are Determined by the Kings Judges Nor do the Clergy enjoy any Ecclesiastical Immunity or Priviledge in Courts of Judicature but undergo correction from Secular Judges as mere Layicks Our Author tells us That the Habessines have few Books but those of Sacred Things That they have no written Laws but judge all Right and Wrong according to the Custom and Manner of their Ancestors Physick he says is wholly neglected by them They cure Men by Burning and Cutting as they do Horses They cure the Jaundice by burning a Semicircle about the joynt of the Arm with a crooked Iron putting on the place a little Cotton and so letting the vitious Humor distil from it till the Distemper be gone They cure Wounds with Myrrh which is there mighty common They look upon it as an egregious Fable for any Man to assert that the Earth is a round Globe suspended of it self in the midst of the Air. He tells us they eat raw Flesh or such as is but half-boil'd and use Gall as a sauce That they take Herbs half digested out of the Bellies of Cows and Oxen kill'd and seasoning them with Salt and Pepper they make a sort of Mustard which much gratifies their Palate CONGO by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON COngo is very temperate for the Rains and the Winds asswage the heat which is insupportable in the neighbouring Countries Nor has Africa any Province more interlaid with Rivers The Zair which is the chief of them is very considerable for the Rapidity and depth of its Stream The Inhabitants of Congo have Mines of Gold but they only make use of Shells for Money They for the most part owned themselves Christians or Catholicks by the Example of their Kings In or about the year 1640 at what time the Capuchins had made a great progress there in Preaching which nevertheless did not succeed according to expectation for being never well grounded in any solid Principles they soon abandoned the name and Profession The Portugals bring from thence Ivory and Slaves For which reason they have settled themselves in the Royal City which is called St. Salvador and in that of St. Paul in the small Island of Loanda this was since seiz'd upon by the Dutch which is very level seven Leagues long and one and a half broad where they get fresh Water by digging holes in the Sand. The Portugals keep Garrisons in the Forts of Massagan and Cambambe in the Kingdom of Angola for the preservation of their Silver Mines And here it is that they rendevouz their Slaves appointed for Brasile The Males only have the right of Succession in this Kingdom and all the Land belongs to the King whom they call Mani Learning is so little esteemed among the Congolans that when Emanuel King of Portugal sent to their King all the fairest Books of the Law he could meet with and several Doctors to expound them he sent the Doctors back and ordered the Books to be burnt saying That they would only confound and disorder his Subjects Brains who had no need but only of Reason and Common Sense however that he would continue no less the King of Portugals Friend Under the name of Congo are also comprehended the Kingdoms of Angola Cacongo and Malemba the Ansicains who rememble our Biscainers and the Brama's or Loanghi But neither these Kingdoms nor People acknowledge the King of Congo as formerly they did The King of Angola styles himself grand Soba his chief City is Cambazza Enguze or Donge His Subjects are so in love with Dogs Flesh that they breed up whole Flocks together and one well-fed Dog is sometimes sold among them for two hundred Crowns They are excellent in nothing but in shooting in a Bow. For they will discharge twelve Arrows before the first shall be fallen to the Ground They believe The Sun to be a Man and the Moon a Woman and the Stars to be the Children of that Man and that Woman The Empire of MONOMOTAPA and the Coast of Cafres THE Country which bears the name of Cafreria is the most Southern part of all Africa and indeed of all our Continent along the Ethiopick Sea part in the Torrid part in the temperate Zone extending about twelve hundred Leagues upon the Coast It is full of Mountains subject to great colds and under several petty Kings the most part of which pay Tribute to the Emperor of Monomotopa The King of Sofala which was part of the Aegisymba of old pays also to the King of Portugal who keeps a Garison in the Castle of Sofala and by that means gets good store of Gold from the Mines which are up in the Country And that Gold is esteem'd the best in the World From whence Vertomannus Volaterranus and from them Ortelius labour to perswade the World how that this was Ophir And David Kemchi a learned Rabbi places Ophir in South Africa yet Josephus St. Hierome and many more are of opinion that Ophir was part of the East Indies whose distance and great plenty of Gold best agrees with a three years Voyage They take it up sometimes out of the Rivers in little Nets after it has rain'd The Coast of Cafreria lies low and full of Woods but the Soyl produces Flowers of a most pleasing scent and the Trees afford a lovely prospect Three great Rivers fall into the Indian Sea out of Cafreria Every one of which is known at the head by the name of Zambera The most Northerly is call'd Cuama the middlemost Spirito Sancto and the Southermost Los Infantes The Cafres live