other_o do_v great_o illustrate_v they_o i_o hope_v also_o that_o a_o pardon_n will_v be_v grant_v i_o for_o the_o siamese_n name_n which_o i_o relate_v and_o explain_v these_o remark_n will_v make_v other_o relation_n intelligible_a as_o well_o as_o i_o which_o without_o these_o illustration_n may_v sometime_o cause_v a_o doubt_n concern_v what_o i_o assert_v in_o a_o word_n those_o with_o who_o i_o be_o acquaint_v do_v know_v that_o i_o love_v the_o truth_n but_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o give_v a_o sincere_a relation_n to_o make_v it_o appear_v true_a it_o be_v requisite_a to_o add_v clearness_n to_o sincerity_n and_o to_o be_v thorough_o inform_v of_o that_o wherein_o we_o undertake_v to_o instruct_v other_o i_o have_v therefore_o consider_v interrogated_a and_o penetrate_v as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a and_o to_o render_v myself_o more_o capable_a of_o do_v it_o i_o careful_o read_v over_o before_o my_o arrival_n at_o siam_n several_a ancient_n and_o modern_a relation_n of_o divers_a country_n of_o the_o east_n so_o that_o in_o my_o opinion_n this_o preparation_n have_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o a_o long_a residence_n and_o have_v make_v i_o to_o remark_n and_o understand_v in_o the_o three_o month_n i_o be_v at_o siam_n what_o i_o can_v not_o perhaps_o have_v understand_v or_o remark_v in_o three_o year_n without_o the_o assistance_n and_o perusal_n of_o those_o discourse_n a_o map_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n part_n i._o of_o the_o country_n of_o siam_n chap._n i._o the_o geographical_a description_n navigation_n have_v sufficient_o make_v know_v the_o sea_n coast_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n and_o many_o author_n have_v describe_v they_o unknown_a how_o much_o this_o kingdom_n be_v unknown_a but_o they_o know_v almost_o nothing_o of_o the_o inland_a country_n because_o the_o siamese_n have_v not_o make_v a_o map_n of_o their_o country_n or_o at_o least_o know_v how_o to_o keep_v it_o secret_n that_o which_o i_o here_o present_a be_v the_o work_n of_o a_o european_a who_o go_v up_o the_o menam_fw-la the_o principal_a river_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o be_v not_o skilful_a enough_o to_o give_v all_o the_o position_n with_o a_o entire_a exactness_n beside_o he_o have_v not_o see_v all_o and_o therefore_o i_o think_v it_o necessary_a to_o give_v his_o map_n to_o mr._n cassini_n director_n of_o the_o observatory_n at_o paris_n to_o correct_v it_o by_o some_o memorial_n which_o be_v give_v i_o at_o siam_n nevertheless_o i_o know_v it_o to_o be_v still_o defective_a but_o yet_o it_o fail_v not_o to_o give_v some_o notice_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o and_o of_o be_v more_o exact_a in_o those_o we_o already_o have_v its_o frontier_n extend_v northward_o to_o the_o 22d._o degree_n or_o thereabouts_o northward_o its_o frontier_n northward_o and_o the_o road_n which_o terminate_v the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n be_v almost_o at_o the_o latitude_n of_o 13_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a it_o follow_v that_o this_o whole_a extent_n of_o which_o we_o hardly_o have_v any_o knowledge_n run_v about_o 170_o league_n in_o a_o direct_a line_n reckon_v 20_o league_n to_o a_o degree_n of_o latitude_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o our_o seaman_n the_o siamese_n do_v say_v that_o the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n be_v fifteen_o day_n journey_n more_o to_o the_o north_n than_o the_o frontier_n of_o their_o kingdom_n that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o most_o lake_n the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n and_o its_o lake_n between_o sixty_o and_o seventy_o league_n for_o they_o be_v journey_n by_o water_n and_o against_o the_o stream_n it_o be_v about_o thirty_o year_n since_o their_o king_n as_o they_o report_v take_v this_o city_n and_o abandon_v it_o after_o have_v carry_v away_o all_o the_o people_n and_o it_o have_v be_v since_o repeopled_a by_o the_o king_n of_o ava_n to_o who_o pegu_n do_v at_o present_a render_v obedience_n but_o the_o siamese_n which_o be_v at_o that_o expedition_n do_v not_o know_v that_o famous_a lake_n from_o whence_o our_o geographer_n make_v the_o river_n menam_n arise_v and_o to_o which_o according_a to_o they_o this_o city_n give_v its_o name_n which_o make_v i_o to_o think_v either_o that_o it_o be_v more_o distant_a than_o our_o geographer_n have_v conceive_v or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o such_o lake_n it_o may_v also_o happen_v that_o this_o city_n adjoin_v to_o several_a kingdom_n and_o be_v more_o subject_a than_o another_o to_o be_v ruin_v by_o war_n have_v not_o always_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o same_o place_n and_o this_o be_v not_o difficult_a to_o imagine_v of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v build_v only_o with_o wood_n as_o all_o in_o these_o country_n be_v and_o which_o in_o their_o destruction_n leave_v not_o any_o ruin_n nor_o foundation_n however_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o menam_n spring_v from_o a_o lake_n by_o reason_n it_o be_v so_o small_a at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n that_o for_o about_o fifty_o league_n it_o carry_v only_o little_a boat_n capable_a of_o hold_v no_o more_o than_o four_o or_o five_o person_n at_o most_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v bound_v from_o the_o east_n to_o the_o north_n by_o high_a mountain_n which_o separate_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n valley_n the_o country_n of_o siam_n be_v only_o a_o valley_n and_o on_o the_o north_n and_o west_n by_o other_o which_o divide_v it_o from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o pegu_n and_o ava_n this_o double_a chain_n of_o mountain_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o savage_a and_o poor_a but_o yet_o free_a people_n who_o life_n be_v innocent_a leave_v between_o they_o a_o great_a valley_n contain_v in_o some_o place_n between_o fourscore_o and_o a_o hundred_o league_n in_o breadth_n and_o be_v water_v from_o the_o city_n of_o chiamai_n to_o the_o sea_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n with_o a_o excellent_a river_n which_o the_o siamese_n call_v menam_a or_o mother-water_n to_o signify_v a_o great_a water_n which_o be_v increase_v by_o the_o brook_n and_o river_n it_o receive_v on_o every_o side_n from_o the_o mountain_n i_o have_v mention_v discharge_v itself_o at_o last_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n by_o three_o month_n the_o most_o navigable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o towards_o the_o east_n river_n city_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n on_o this_o river_n and_o about_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o bancok_n and_o i_o shall_v transient_o declare_v that_o the_o siamese_n have_v very_o few_o habitation_n on_o their_o coast_n which_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o thence_o but_o be_v almost_o all_o seat_v on_o river_n navigable_a enough_o to_o afford_v they_o the_o commerce_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o to_o the_o name_n of_o most_o of_o these_o place_n which_o for_o this_o reason_n may_v be_v call_v maritime_a they_o be_v disguise_v by_o foreigner_n thus_o the_o city_n of_o bancok_n be_v call_v fon_n in_o siamese_n it_o not_o be_v know_v from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o bancok_n be_v derive_v although_o there_o be_v several_a siamese_n name_n that_o begin_v with_o the_o word_n ban_n which_o signify_v a_o village_n bancok_n the_o garden_n of_o bancok_n the_o garden_n which_o be_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o bancok_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o league_n in_o ascend_v towards_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n to_o a_o place_n name_v talacoan_v do_v supply_v this_o city_n with_o the_o nourishment_n which_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n love_v best_a i_o mean_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o fruit._n menam_fw-la other_o city_n on_o the_o menam_fw-la the_o other_o principal_a place_n which_o the_o menam_fw-la water_n be_v metac_a the_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o north_n north-west_n and_o then_o successive_o tian-tong_n campeng_v pet_n or_o campeng_n simple_a which_o some_o do_v pronounce_v campingue_n laconcevan_n tchainat_n siam_n talacoan_n talaqueou_fw-mi and_o bancok_n between_o the_o two_o city_n of_o tchainat_n and_o siam_n and_o at_o a_o distance_n which_o the_o maeander_n of_o the_o river_n do_v render_v almost_o equal_a from_o each_o other_o the_o river_n leave_v the_o city_n of_o louvo_n a_o little_a to_o the_o east_n at_o the_o 14_o d._n 42_o m._n 32_o s._n of_o latitude_n according_a to_o the_o observation_n which_o the_o jesuit_n have_v publish_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n do_v there_o spend_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o year_n the_o more_o commodious_o to_o enjoy_v the_o diversion_n of_o hunt_v but_o louvo_n will_v not_o be_v habitable_a be_v it_o not_o for_o a_o channel_n cut_v from_o the_o river_n to_o water_v it_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a render_v obedience_n to_o a_o hereditary_a lord_n who_o they_o say_v be_v a_o vassal_n to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n who_o some_o call_v paya-tac_a
this_o author_n who_o seem_v to_o rely_v too_o much_o on_o his_o memory_n we_o may_v believe_v what_o he_o say_v that_o the_o elephant_n of_o the_o king_n of_o pegu_n who_o then_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o siam_n do_v so_o near_o approach_v the_o wall_n as_o with_o their_o trunk_n to_o beat_v down_o the_o palisadoe_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v there_o place_v to_o cover_v themselves_o it_o be_v latitude_n according_a to_o father_n thomas_n the_o jesuit_n be_v 14_o d._n 20_o m._n 40_o s._n and_o its_o longitude_n 120_o d._n 30_o m._n it_o have_v almost_o the_o figure_n of_o a_o purse_n the_o mouth_n of_o which_o be_v to_o the_o east_n and_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o west_n the_o river_n meet_v it_o at_o the_o north_n by_o several_a channel_n which_o run_v into_o that_o which_o environ_n it_o and_o leave_v it_o on_o the_o south_n by_o separate_v itself_o again_o into_o several_a stream_n the_o king_n palace_n stand_v to_o the_o north_n on_o the_o canal_n which_o embrace_v the_o city_n and_o by_o turn_v to_o the_o east_n there_o be_v a_o causey_n by_o which_o alone_a as_o by_o a_o isthmus_n people_n may_v go_v out_o of_o the_o city_n without_o cross_v the_o water_n the_o city_n be_v spacious_a consider_v the_o circuit_n of_o its_o wall_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v enclose_v the_o whole_a isle_n but_o scarce_o the_o six_o part_n thereof_o be_v inhabit_v and_o that_o to_o the_o southeast_n only_o the_o rest_n lie_v desert_n where_o the_o temple_n only_o stand_v it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o suburb_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o stranger_n do_v considerable_o increase_v the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n the_o street_n thereof_o be_v large_a and_o straight_o and_o in_o some_o place_n plant_v with_o tree_n and_o pave_v with_o brick_n lay_v edgewise_o the_o house_n be_v low_a and_o build_v with_o wood_n at_o least_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o native_n who_o for_o these_o reason_n be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o excessive_a heat_n most_o of_o the_o street_n be_v water_v with_o strait_a canal_n which_o have_v make_v siam_n to_o be_v compare_v to_o venice_n and_o on_o which_o be_v a_o great_a many_o small_a bridge_n of_o hurdle_n and_o some_o of_o brick_n very_o high_a and_o ugly_a name_n its_o name_n the_o name_n of_o siam_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o siamese_n it_o be_v one_o of_o those_o word_n which_o the_o portague_n of_o the_o indies_n do_v use_v and_o of_o which_o it_o be_v very_o difficult_a to_o discover_v the_o original_a they_o use_v it_o as_o the_o name_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o not_o of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o name_n of_o pegu_n lao_n mogul_n and_o most_o of_o the_o name_n which_o we_o give_v to_o the_o indian_a kingdom_n be_v likewise_o national_a name_n so_o that_o to_o speak_v right_o we_o must_v say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o peguin_n laos_n mogul_n siams_n as_o our_o ancestor_n say_v the_o king_n of_o the_o franc_n in_o a_o word_n those_o that_o understand_v portuguese_a do_v well_o know_v that_o according_a to_o their_o orthography_n siam_n and_o siaom_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n and_o that_o by_o the_o similitude_n of_o our_o language_n to_o they_o we_o ought_v to_o say_v the_o zion_n and_o not_o the_o siams_n so_o when_o they_o write_v in_o latin_a they_o call_v they_o siones_n franc_n the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o siamese_n signify_v franc_n a_o map_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n a._n the_o city_n b._n the_o palace_n c._n the_o port_n d._n the_o arsenal_n for_o the_o ship_n e._n the_o arsenal_n for_o the_o ballon_n &_o galley_n f._n the_o street_n of_o the_o bazar_n g._n the_o seminary_n h._n the_o portuguese_a jacobins_n i._o the_o portugese_n jesuites_n k._n the_o dutch_a factory_a l._n the_o inclosur_n where_o the_o elephant_n be_v take_v m._n a_o house_n begin_v for_o the_o french_a ambassador_n 800_o french_a toise_n the_o bambou_n tree_n the_o arvore_fw-la de_fw-fr raiz_n a_o map_n of_o bancock_n a_o vessel_n of_o filigran_a a_o plaugh_n the_o arc_n kier_n as_o for_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n the_o siamese_n do_v call_v it_o si-yo-thi-ya_a the_o o_o of_o the_o syllable_n the_fw-mi being_n close_o than_o our_o dipthong_n a_o sometime_o also_o they_o call_v it_o crung_v the-papra_a maha_o nacon_n but_o most_o of_o these_o word_n be_v difficult_a to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v take_v from_o this_o baly_n language_n which_o i_o have_v already_o declare_v to_o be_v the_o learned_a language_n of_o the_o siamese_n and_o which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o always_o perfect_o understand_v i_o have_v already_o remark_v what_o i_o know_v concern_v the_o word_n pra_z that_o of_o maha_n signify_v great_a thus_o in_o speak_v of_o their_o king_n they_o style_v he_o pra_fw-la maha_n crassat_fw-la and_o the_o word_n crassat_n according_a to_o their_o report_n signify_v live_v and_o because_o the_o portague_n have_v think_v that_o pra_fw-la signify_v god_n they_o imagine_v that_o the_o siamese_n call_v their_o king_n the_o great_a live_a god_n from_o si-yo-thi_a ya_fw-mi the_o siamese_n name_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n foreigner_n have_v make_v judia_n and_o odiaa_n by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o vincent_n le_fw-fr blanc_n and_o some_o other_o author_n do_v very_o ill_o distinguish_v odiaa_n from_o siam_n in_o a_o word_n the_o siamese_n of_o who_o i_o treat_v do_v call_v themselves_o tai_n no_o siameses_n two_o different_a people_n call_v siameses_n little_a siams_n there_o be_v other_o as_o i_o be_v inform_v altogether_o savage_a which_o be_v call_v tai_n yai_o great_a siams_n and_o which_o do_v live_v in_o the_o northern_a mountain_n in_o several_a relation_n of_o these_o country_n i_o find_v a_o kingdom_n of_o siammon_n or_o siami_n but_o all_o do_v not_o agree_v that_o the_o people_n thereof_o be_v savage_a in_o fine_a the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o common_a frontier_n of_o ava_n frontier_n other_o mountain_n and_o other_o frontier_n pegu_n and_o siam_n gradual_o decrease_v as_o they_o extend_v to_o the_o south_n do_v form_n the_o peninsula_n of_o india_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la which_o terminate_n at_o the_o city_n of_o sincapura_n separate_v the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o bengala_n and_o which_o with_o the_o island_n of_o sumatra_n form_n the_o famous_a straight_o of_o malaca_n or_o sincapura_n several_a river_n do_v fall_v from_o every_o part_n of_o these_o mountain_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o bengala_n and_o render_v these_o coast_n habitable_a the_o other_o mountain_n which_o rise_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n and_o laos_n and_o extend_v themselves_o also_o towards_o the_o south_n do_v run_v gradual_o decrease_v till_o they_o terminate_v at_o the_o cape_n of_o camboya_n the_o most_o eastern_a of_o all_o those_o in_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o be_v about_o the_o latitude_n of_o this_o cape_n that_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n begin_v and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o this_o name_n extend_v a_o great_a way_n towards_o the_o south_n in_o form_n of_o a_o horseshoe_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o gulf_n viz._n along_o the_o eastern_a coast_n to_o the_o river_n chantebon_n where_o the_o kingdom_n of_o camboya_n begin_v and_o opposite_a thereunto_o viz._n in_o the_o peninsula_n extra_fw-la gangem_fw-la which_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n it_o extend_v to_o queda_n and_o patana_n the_o territory_n of_o the_o malayan_o of_o which_o malaca_n be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n after_o this_o manner_n it_o run_v about_o 200_o league_n on_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o gulf_n of_o siam_n and_o 180_o or_o thereabouts_o on_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n siam_n the_o coast_n of_o siam_n a_o advantageous_a situation_n which_o open_v unto_o the_o native_n of_o the_o country_n the_o navigation_n on_o all_o these_o vast_a eastern_a sea_n add_v that_o as_o nature_n have_v refuse_v all_o manner_n of_o port_n and_o road_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o coromandel_n which_o form_v the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n to_o the_o west_n it_o have_v therewith_o enrich_v that_o of_o siam_n which_o be_v opposite_a to_o it_o and_o which_o be_v on_o the_o east_n of_o the_o same_o gulf_n a_o great_a number_n of_o isle_n do_v cover_v it_o bengal_n isle_n of_o siam_n in_o the_o gulf_n of_o bengal_n and_o render_v it_o almost_o everywhere_o a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o ship_n beside_o that_o most_o of_o these_o isle_n have_v very_o excellent_a port_n and_o abundance_n of_o fresh_a water_n and_o wood_n a_o invitation_n for_o new_a colony_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n affect_v to_o be_v call_v lord_n thereof_o although_o his_o people_n who_o be_v very_o thin_a in_o the_o firm_a land_n have_v never_o inhabit_v they_o and_o he_o have_v not_o strength_n enough_o at_o sea_n to_o prohibit_v or_o hinder_v the_o entrance_n thereof_o to_o stranger_n merguy_a the_o city_n of_o merguy_a
appeal_v of_o the_o kingdom_n do_v go_v they_o call_v yumrat_n he_o general_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o ocya_a and_o his_o tribunal_n be_v in_o the_o king_n palace_n but_o he_o follow_v not_o the_o king_n when_o that_o prince_n remove_v from_o his_o metropolis_n and_o then_o he_o render_v justice_n in_o a_o tower_n which_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n and_o without_o the_o enclosure_n of_o the_o palace_n to_o he_o alone_o belong_v the_o determinative_a voice_n and_o from_o he_o there_o also_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o king_n if_o any_o one_o will_v bear_v the_o expense_n king_n the_o judiciary_n form_n before_o the_o king_n in_o this_o case_n the_o process_n be_v refer_v and_o examine_v by_o the_o king_n council_n but_o in_o his_o absence_n to_o a_o sentence_n inclusive_o consultative_a as_o be_v practise_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o king_n be_v present_a only_a when_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o he_o pronounce_v a_o definitive_a judgement_n and_o according_a to_o the_o general_a form_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o prince_n before_o pass_v the_o sentence_n resume_v all_o the_o opinion_n and_o debate_n with_o his_o councillor_n those_o which_o to_o he_o seem_v unjust_a and_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o present_a king_n acquit_v himself_o herein_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ingenuity_n and_o judgement_n prasedet_a the_o office_n of_o pra-sadet_a which_o be_v pronounce_v prasedet_a the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v call_v prasedet_a and_o general_o also_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o oc_fw-la ya_fw-la his_o name_n which_o be_v baly_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o word_n pra_z which_o i_o have_v several_a time_n explain_v and_o of_o the_o word_n sedet_fw-la which_o signify_v say_v some_o the_o king_n be_v go_v and_o indeed_o they_o speak_v not_o otherwise_o to_o say_v that_o the_o king_n be_v go_v but_o this_o do_v not_o sufficient_o explain_v what_o the_o office_n of_o prasedet_a be_v and_o in_o several_a thing_n it_o appear_v that_o they_o have_v very_o much_o lose_v the_o exact_a understanding_n of_o the_o baly_n mr._n gervaise_v call_v this_o office_n pesedet_fw-la i_o always_o hear_v it_o call_v prasedet_a and_o by_o able_a man_n although_o they_o write_v it_o pra-sadet_a government_n the_o reception_n which_o the_o governor_n give_v to_o the_o king_n ambassador_n every_o one_o in_o his_o government_n the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n from_o its_o mouth_n to_o the_o metropolis_n be_v divide_v into_o several_a small_a government_n the_o first_o be_v pipeli_n the_o second_o prepadem_n the_o three_o bancock_n the_o four_o talaccan_n and_o the_o five_o siam_n the_o officer_n of_o every_o one_o of_o these_o government_n receive_v the_o king_n ambassador_n at_o the_o entrance_n into_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o they_o leave_v they_o not_o till_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o next_o jurisdiction_n have_v join_v and_o salute_v they_o and_o they_o be_v the_o particular_a officer_n of_o each_o government_n that_o make_v the_o head_n of_o the_o train_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v some_o officer_n more_o considerable_a that_o come_v to_o offer_v the_o king_n their_o master_n balon_n to_o the_o ambassador_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o every_o day_n there_o join_v new_a officer_n that_o come_v to_o bring_v new_a compliment_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o who_o quit_v not_o the_o ambassador_n after_o they_o have_v join_v they_o entrance_n the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n ambassador_n expect_v the_o day_n of_o their_o entrance_n the_o king_n ambassador_n arrive_v thus_o within_o two_o league_n of_o siam_n at_o a_o place_n which_o the_o french_a call_v the_o tabanque_n and_o they_o wait_v there_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n for_o the_o time_n of_o their_o entrance_n into_o the_o metropolis_n tabanque_fw-fr in_o siamese_n signify_v the_o custom_n house_n and_o because_o the_o officer_n house_n which_o stand_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n be_v of_o bamhou_fw-mi like_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o french_a give_v the_o name_n of_o tabanque_n to_o all_o the_o bambou-house_n where_o they_o lodge_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o officer_n house_n which_o they_o have_v see_v first_o of_o all_o the_o day_n therefore_o that_o the_o king_n ambassador_n make_v their_o entrance_n they_o the_o governor_n of_o siam_n come_v to_o fetch_v they_o ocya_a prasedet_fw-la as_o governor_n of_o the_o metrpolis_n come_v to_o visit_v and_o compliment_v they_o at_o this_o pretend_a tabanque_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o state_n officer_n and_o particular_o of_o the_o tchacry_n calla-hom_o and_o of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n among_o the_o court_n officer_n be_v principal_o those_o general_n of_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o general_n to_o who_o be_v annex_v the_o function_n of_o our_o secretary_n of_o state_n but_o before_o a_o entrance_n be_v make_v into_o this_o matter_n i_o must_v declare_v that_o all_o the_o chief_a officer_n in_o any_o kind_n of_o affair_n whatever_o have_v under_o they_o as_o many_o of_o those_o subaltern_n officer_n which_o compose_v the_o tribunal_n of_o the_o tchaou-mevang_a the_o tchacry_n have_v the_o distribution_n of_o all_o the_o interior_n polity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n tchacry_n of_o the_o tchacry_n to_o he_o revert_v all_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o province_n all_o the_o governor_n do_v immediate_o render_v he_o a_o account_n and_o do_v immediate_o receive_v order_n from_o he_o he_o be_v precedent_n of_o the_o council_n of_o state_n the_o calla-hom_o have_v the_o appointment_n of_o the_o war_n calla-hom_o of_o the_o calla-hom_o he_o have_v the_o care_n of_o the_o fortification_n arm_n and_o ammunition_n he_o issue_v out_o all_o the_o order_n that_o concern_v the_o army_n and_o he_o be_v natural_o the_o general_n thereof_o although_o the_o king_n may_v name_v who_o he_o please_v for_o general_n by_o van_n vliet_n relation_n it_o appear_v that_o the_o command_n of_o the_o elephant_n belong_v also_o to_o the_o calla-hom_o even_o without_o the_o army_n but_o now_o this_o be_v a_o separate_a employment_n as_o some_o have_v assure_v i_o either_o for_o that_o the_o present_a king_n father_n after_o have_v make_v use_v of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o calla-hom_o to_o gain_v the_o throne_n resolve_v to_o divide_v the_o power_n thereof_o or_o that_o natural_o they_o be_v two_o distinct_a office_n which_o may_v be_v give_v to_o a_o single_a person_n however_o it_o be_v it_o be_v oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n corrupt_o call_v petratcha_n elephant_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o elephant_n who_o command_v all_o the_o elephant_n and_o all_o the_o horse_n and_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a employment_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o that_o the_o elephant_n be_v esteem_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n principal_a force_n some_o there_o be_v who_o report_n that_o this_o prince_n maintain_v ten_o thousand_o but_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v know_v by_o reason_n that_o vanity_n always_o incline_v these_o people_n to_o lie_v and_o they_o be_v more_o vain_a in_o the_o matter_n of_o elephant_n than_o in_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n be_v call_v lan-tchang_a and_o its_o name_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v almost_o the_o same_o as_o the_o siamese_n signify_v ten_o million_o of_o elephant_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n keep_v therefore_o a_o very_a great_a number_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o three_o man_n at_o least_o be_v require_v for_o the_o service_n of_o every_o elephant_n and_o these_o man_n with_o all_o the_o officeer_n that_o command_v they_o be_v under_o the_o order_n of_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n who_o though_o he_o have_v only_o the_o title_n of_o oc-pra_a be_v yet_o a_o very_a great_a lord_n the_o people_n love_v he_o because_o he_o appear_v moderate_a and_o think_v he_o invulnerable_a because_o he_o express_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o courage_n in_o some_o fight_n against_o the_o peguin_n his_o courage_n have_v likewise_o procure_v he_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n his_o family_n have_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n in_o the_o high_a office_n be_v frequent_o ally_v to_o the_o crown_n and_o it_o be_v public_o report_v that_o he_o or_o his_o son_n oc-lovang_a souracac_n may_v pretend_v to_o it_o if_o either_o of_o they_o survive_v the_o king_n that_o now_o reign_v the_o mother_n of_o oc-pra_a pip_n â—haratcha_fw-mi be_v the_o king_n nurse_n and_o the_o mother_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n who_o we_o see_v here_o and_o when_o the_o king_n command_v the_o great_a barcalon_n the_o brother_n of_o this_o ambassador_n to_o be_v bastinado_v the_o last_o time_n it_o be_v oc-lovang_a souracac_n the_o son_n of_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n that_o bastinado_v he_o by_o the_o king_n order_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n the_o prince_n nurse_n the_o mother_n of_o the_o barcalon_n lie_v prostrate_a at_o his_o foot_n to_o obtain_v pardon_n for_o she_o son_n chap._n
have_v its_o chief_n which_o they_o call_v nai_n so_o that_o this_o word_n nai_n be_v become_v a_o term_n of_o civility_n which_o the_o siamese_n do_v reciprocal_o give_v one_o to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o chineses_n do_v interchange_v the_o title_n of_o master_n or_o governor_n company_n what_o difference_n there_o be_v between_o a_o band_n and_o a_o company_n i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o siamese_n people_n be_v divide_v by_o band_n rather_o than_o by_o company_n because_o that_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n of_o the_o same_o band_n be_v not_o fix_v and_o because_o that_o all_o those_o of_o the_o same_o band_n be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o company_n in_o the_o army_n and_o i_o have_v say_v that_o nai_n signify_v chief_a though_o some_o translate_v it_o by_o the_o word_n captain_n because_o that_o the_o nai_n do_v not_o always_o lead_v his_o band_n to_o the_o war_n no_o more_o than_o to_o the_o six_o month_n service_n his_o care_n be_v to_o furnish_v as_o many_o man_n out_o of_o his_o band_n as_o be_v require_v either_o for_o the_o war_n or_o for_o the_o six_o month_n service_n parent_n the_o child_n be_v of_o the_o same_o band_n with_o their_o parent_n the_o child_n be_v of_o the_o same_o band_n with_o their_o parent_n and_o if_o the_o parent_n be_v of_o different_a band_n the_o child_n in_o the_o odd_a rank_n be_v of_o the_o mother_n band_n and_o the_o child_n in_o the_o even_a rank_n of_o the_o father_n provide_v nevertheless_o that_o the_o mother_n be_v nai_n have_v be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o marriage_n and_o that_o he_o have_v give_v his_o consent_n thereunto_o otherwise_o the_o child_n will_v be_v all_o of_o the_o mother_n band._n why_o the_o talapoin_n and_o woman_n be_v exempt_a from_o service_n and_o yet_o be_v register_v and_o why_o thus_o though_o the_o talapoin_n and_o woman_n do_v enjoy_v all_o exemption_n from_o service_n as_o not_o be_v esteem_v soldier_n yet_o they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o people_n the_o talapoin_n because_o they_o may_v return_v when_o they_o please_v to_o a_o secular_a condition_n and_o that_o then_o they_o fall_v again_o under_o the_o power_n of_o their_o natural_a nai_n the_o woman_n because_o their_o child_n be_v of_o their_o band_n or_o all_o or_o the_o great_a part_n as_o i_o have_v say_v nai_n the_o advantage_n of_o the_o nai_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o nai_n privilege_n to_o be_v able_a to_o lend_v to_o his_o soldier_n soon_o than_o any_o other_o and_o to_o be_v able_a to_o satisfy_v his_o soldier_n creditor_n thereby_o to_o make_v his_o soldier_n his_o slave_n when_o he_o be_v insolvable_a as_o the_o king_n give_v a_o balloon_n to_o each_o officer_n with_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o pagayeurs_n and_o as_o these_o be_v the_o officer_n which_o be_v also_o the_o nai_n every_o officer_n have_v his_o pagayeur_n in_o his_o band._n they_o brand_v they_o on_o the_o outside_n of_o the_o wrist_n with_o a_o hot_a iron_n and_o a_o anchor_n over_o it_o and_o these_o sort_n of_o domestic_n be_v call_v bao_n but_o none_o of_o the_o bao's_n or_o pagayeurs_n owe_v to_o his_o nai_n only_o this_o service_n and_o that_o only_o six_o month_n in_o the_o year_n wherefore_o they_o be_v release_v from_o six_o month_n to_o six_o month_n or_o by_o month_n as_o it_o please_v the_o nai_n the_o nai_n have_v also_o some_o office_n in_o the_o law_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v now_o the_o more_o numerous_a his_o band_n be_v the_o more_o powerful_a he_o be_v esteem_v rest_n what_o at_o siam_n be_v the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a ocya_a and_o the_o rest_n the_o office_n and_o employment_n of_o siam_n be_v important_a only_o in_o this_o the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a ocya_a oc-pra_a oc-lovang_a oc-counne_a oc-meving_a and_o oc-pan_n be_v seven_o degree_n of_o these_o nai_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o title_n of_o oc-pan_n be_v now_o disuse_v pan_n signify_v a_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o a_o oc-pan_n be_v chief_a of_o a_o thousand_o men._n meuing_fw-mi signify_v ten_o thousand_o and_o it_o be_v think_v that_o a_o oc-meving_a be_v the_o chief_a of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n not_o that_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v so_o but_o that_o in_o the_o indies_n they_o magnify_v the_o title_n no_o person_n can_v give_v i_o the_o true_a signification_n of_o these_o word_n pa-ga_a ocya_a oc-pra_a oc-lovang_a oc-counne_a nor_o how_o many_o man_n be_v assign_v to_o each_o of_o the_o five_o dignity_n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o as_o the_o word_n pan_n and_o meuing_fw-mi be_v term_n of_o number_n the_o rest_n be_v so_o too_o the_o word_n oc_n seem_v to_o signify_v chief_a oc._n of_o the_o word_n oc._n for_o they_o have_v another_o title_n without_o function_n viz._n oc-mevang_a which_o seem_v to_o signify_v chief_a of_o a_o city_n in_o that_o mevaug_fw-mi signify_v a_o city_n and_o in_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o have_v be_v make_v oc-mevang_a before_o he_o be_v effectual_o make_v governor_n who_o they_o call_v tchaou-mevang_a lord_n of_o a_o city_n but_o this_o word_n oc_n be_v not_o siamese_n chief_a in_o siamese_n be_v call_v hova_n it_o this_o word_n be_v not_o siamese_n and_o how_o they_o use_v it_o and_o this_o word_n hova_n proper_o signify_v the_o head_n from_o hence_o come_v hova_n sip_n chief_a of_o ten_o which_o be_v as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v the_o title_n of_o he_o that_o mount_v the_o elephant_n at_o the_o crupper_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n they_o call_v he_o that_o bear_v the_o royal_a standard_n in_o the_o balloon_n where_o the_o king_n be_v hovapan_n or_o chief_a of_o a_o thousand_o to_o return_v to_o the_o word_n oc_fw-fr a_o superior_a never_o use_v it_o to_o a_o inferior_a thus_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n speak_v to_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n will_v not_o for_o example_n say_v oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n but_o only_o pra-pipitcharatcha_a a_o man_n relate_v his_o own_o title_n himself_o will_v also_o modest_o suppress_v this_o term_n oc_n and_o in_o fine_a the_o inferior_a people_n in_o speak_v of_o the_o high_a officer_n will_v omit_v the_o word_n oc_fw-fr and_o will_v say_v for_o example_n ya-yumrat_a for_o ocya_n yumrat_fw-mi meuing_fw-mi vai_fw-gr for_o oc_n meuing_fw-mi vai_n the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v the_o word_n pa-ya_a by_o that_o of_o prince_n pa-ya_a of_o the_o word_n pa-ya_a not_o in_o my_o opinion_n from_o their_o right_a understanding_n it_o but_o because_o they_o have_v see_v this_o title_n give_v to_o prince_n and_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v it_o himself_o but_o he_o sometime_o give_v it_o also_o to_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o court_n which_o be_v not_o prince_n and_o he_o give_v it_o not_o always_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n the_o lord_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n court_n be_v call_v according_a to_o bernier_n hazary_n dou-hazary_a penge_n hecht_fw-mi and_o deh-hazary_a that_o be_v to_o say_v one_o thousand_o two_o thousand_o five_o eight_o and_o ten_o thousand_o as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v lord_n over_z so_o many_o thousand_o of_o horse_n though_o in_o reality_n they_o can_v neither_o maintain_v nor_o command_v so_o great_a a_o number_n the_o great_a mogul_n elder_a son_n he_o say_v be_v call_v twelve_o thousand_o as_o if_o he_o have_v the_o effective_a command_n of_o twelve_o thousand_o horse_n it_o be_v no_o strange_a thing_n therefore_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n subject_n be_v esteem_v soldier_n as_o those_o of_o the_o great_a mogul_n be_v esteem_v horseman_n have_v equal_o assume_v in_o both_o court_v the_o term_n of_o number_n to_o express_v the_o high_a dignity_n and_o to_o name_v the_o prince_n themselves_o yet_o i_o can_v affirm_v this_o be_v so_o at_o siam_n by_o reason_n that_o i_o know_v only_o that_o the_o word_n pang_n and_o meuing_fw-mi be_v siamese_n and_o numeral_a term_n but_o as_o to_o the_o other_o name_n of_o dignity_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v some_o have_v inform_v i_o that_o they_o be_v balie_n and_o that_o they_o understand_v they_o not_o i_o know_v that_o in_o the_o country_n of_o laos_n the_o dignity_n of_o pa-ya_a and_o mevang_n and_o the_o honourable_a epithet_n of_o pra_fw-la be_v in_o use_n it_o may_v be_v also_o that_o the_o other_o term_n of_o dignity_n be_v common_a to_o both_o nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o law_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o six_o dignity_n for_o that_o of_o oc-pan_n be_v obsolete_a siam_n six_o order_n of_o city_n of_o siam_n as_o i_o have_v say_v there_o be_v now_o at_o siam_n six_o order_n of_o city_n which_o have_v be_v ancient_o determine_v according_a to_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n so_o that_o such_o a_o city_n which_o be_v then_o find_v very_o populous_a have_v a_o pa_n ya_fw-la for_o governor_n and_o such_o which_o be_v less_o populous_a have_v a_o ocya_a and_o the_o rest_n
or_o prince_n of_o tac._n tian-tong_n be_v ruin_v doubtless_o by_o the_o ancient_a war_n of_o pegu._n campeng_n be_v know_v by_o the_o mine_n of_o excellent_a steel_n menam_n another_o river_n likewise_o call_v menam_n at_o the_o city_n of_o laconcevan_n the_o menam_n receive_v another_o considerable_a river_n which_o come_v also_o from_o the_o north_n and_o be_v likewise_o call_v menam_n a_o name_n common_a to_o all_o great_a river_n our_o geographer_n make_v it_o to_o spring_v from_o the_o lake_n of_o chiamai_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o have_v its_o source_n in_o the_o mountain_n which_o lie_v not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o north_n as_o this_o city_n it_o run_v first_o to_o mevang-fang_n then_o to_o pitchiai_n pitsanoulouc_n and_o pitchit_n and_o at_o last_o to_o laconcevan_n where_o it_o mix_v as_o i_o have_v say_v with_o the_o other_o river_n pitsanoulouc_n which_o the_o portuguese_n do_v corrupt_o call_v porselouc_n have_v former_o have_v hereditary_a lord_n like_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a and_o justice_n be_v at_o present_a execute_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o ancient_a prince_n it_o be_v a_o city_n of_o great_a commerce_n fortify_v with_o fourteen_o bastion_n and_o be_v at_o 19_o degree_n and_o some_o minute_n latitude_n laconcevan_n stand_v about_o the_o midway_n from_o pitsanoulouc_n or_o porselouc_n to_o siam_n a_o distance_n compute_v to_o be_v twenty_o five_o day_n journey_n for_o those_o that_o go_v up_o the_o river_n in_o a_o boat_n or_o balloon_n but_o this_o voyage_n may_v be_v perform_v in_o twelve_o day_n when_o they_o have_v a_o great_a many_o rower_n and_o they_o ascend_v the_o river_n with_o speed_n wood._n city_n of_o wood._n these_o city_n like_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n be_v only_o a_o great_a number_n of_o cabin_n frequent_o environ_v with_o a_o enclosure_n of_o wood_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o brick_n or_o stone_n wall_n but_o very_o rare_o of_o stone_n nevertheless_o as_o the_o eastern_a people_n have_v ever_o have_v as_o much_o magnificence_n and_o pride_n in_o the_o figure_n of_o their_o language_n as_o simplicity_n and_o poverty_n in_o whatever_o appertain_v to_o life_n the_o name_n of_o these_o city_n do_v signify_v great_a thing_n tian-tong_n for_o instance_n signify_v true_a gold_n campeng_v pet_n wall_n of_o diamond_n and_o it_o be_v say_v that_o its_o wall_n be_v of_o stone_n mevang-fang_n the_o superstition_n of_o the_o siamese_n at_o mevang-fang_n and_o laconcevan_n signify_v the_o mountain_n of_o heaven_n a_o map_n of_o the_o course_n of_o the_o river_n menam_fw-la from_o siam_n to_o the_o sea._n such_o another_o superstition_n prevail_v at_o a_o place_n name_v prabat_fw-la prabrat_n another_o superstition_n at_o prabrat_n about_o five_o or_o six_o league_n to_o the_o east-north-east_n of_o the_o city_n of_o louvo_n the_o superstition_n be_v this_o in_o the_o balie_n language_n which_o be_v the_o learned_a tongue_n of_o the_o siamese_n or_o the_o tongue_n of_o their_o religion_n bat_n signify_v a_o foot_n and_o the_o word_n pra_z of_o which_o it_o be_v not_o possible_a exact_o to_o render_v the_o signification_n signify_v in_o the_o same_o tongue_n whatever_o may_v be_v conceive_v worthy_a of_o veneration_n and_o respect_n the_o siamese_n do_v give_v this_o title_n to_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n but_o they_o do_v also_o give_v it_o to_o sommona-codom_a to_o their_o king_n and_o some_o considerable_a officer_n the_o prabat_fw-la be_v therefore_o the_o print_n of_o a_o man_n foot_n be_v what_o it_o be_v cut_v by_o a_o ill_a graver_n upon_o a_o rock_n but_o this_o impression_n contain_v about_o 13_o or_o 14_o inch_n in_o depth_n be_v five_o or_o six_o time_n as_o long_o as_o a_o man_n foot_n and_o proportionable_o as_o broad_a the_o siamese_n adore_v it_o and_o be_v persuade_v that_o the_o elephant_n especial_o the_o white_a one_o the_o rhinoceros_n and_o all_o the_o other_o beast_n of_o their_o wood_n do_v likewise_o go_v to_o worship_v it_o when_o no_o person_n be_v there_o and_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n himself_o go_v to_o adore_v it_o once_o a_o year_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pomp_n and_o ceremony_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o plate_n of_o gold_n and_o enclose_v in_o a_o chapel_n which_o be_v there_o build_v they_o report_v that_o this_o rock_n which_o be_v now_o very_o flat_a and_o like_o a_o new_a mow_v field_n be_v former_o a_o very_a high_a mountain_n which_o shrink_v and_o wax_v level_a on_o a_o sudden_a under_o the_o foot_n of_o sommona-codom_a in_o memory_n of_o who_o they_o believe_v that_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o foot_n do_v there_o remain_v nevertheless_o it_o be_v certain_a by_o the_o testimony_n of_o ancient_a man_n that_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o tradition_n exceed_v not_o 90_o year_n a_o talapoin_n or_o religious_a siamese_n of_o that_o time_n have_v doubtless_o make_v this_o impression_n himself_o or_o procure_v it_o to_o be_v make_v and_o then_o feign_v to_o have_v miraculous_o discover_v it_o and_o without_o any_o other_o appearance_n of_o truth_n give_v reputation_n and_o credit_n to_o this_o fable_n of_o the_o level_a mountain_n now_o in_o all_o this_o the_o siamese_n be_v only_o gross_a imitator_n superstition_n the_o original_a of_o this_o superstition_n in_o the_o history_n of_o india_n it_o be_v relate_v with_o what_o respect_n a_o king_n of_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n keep_v a_o ape_n tooth_n which_o the_o indian_n aver_v to_o be_v a_o relic_n and_o with_o what_o sum_v he_o endeavour_v to_o purchase_v and_o ransom_v it_o from_o constantine_n of_o brigantium_n than_o viceroy_n of_o the_o indies_n who_o have_v find_v it_o among_o the_o spoil_n take_v from_o the_o indian_n but_o constantine_n choose_v rather_o to_o burn_v it_o and_o afterward_o throw_v the_o ash_n into_o a_o river_n it_o be_v know_v likewise_o that_o in_o the_o same_o island_n of_o ceylon_n which_o the_o indian_n do_v call_v lanca_n and_o on_o a_o real_a mountain_n which_o be_v not_o level_v there_o be_v a_o pretend_a print_n of_o a_o man_n foot_n which_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n be_v in_o great_a veneration_n there_o it_o doubtless_o represent_v the_o left_a foot_n for_o the_o siamese_n report_n that_o sommona-codom_a set_v his_o right_a foot_n on_o their_o prabat_fw-la and_o his_o left_a on_o lanca_n although_o the_o whole_a gulf_n of_o bengala_n run_v between_o they_o the_o portuguese_n have_v call_v the_o print_n at_o ceylon_n adam_n foot_n be_v what_o the_o adam_n foot_n of_o ceylon_n be_v and_o believe_v that_o ceylon_n be_v the_o terrestrial_a paradise_n from_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o indian_n at_o ceylon_n who_o declare_v that_o the_o impression_n which_o they_o reverence_v be_v the_o print_n of_o the_o first_o man_n every_o one_o of_o these_o heathenish_a nation_n vigorous_o assert_v that_o the_o first_o man_n inhabit_v their_o country_n thus_o the_o chineses_n do_v call_v the_o first_o man_n puoncuò_n and_o believe_v that_o he_o inhabit_v china_n i_o say_v nothing_o of_o some_o other_o impression_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o be_v revere_v in_o several_a place_n of_o the_o indies_n nor_o of_o the_o pretend_a print_n of_o hercules_n foot_n mention_v by_o herodotus_n 82._o lib._n 4._o c._n 82._o i_o return_v to_o my_o subject_n chap._n ii_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o geographical_a description_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n with_o a_o account_n of_o its_o metropolis_n siam_n other_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o pegu_n be_v seat_v the_o city_n of_o cambory_n and_o on_o the_o border_n of_o laos_n the_o town_n of_o corazema_n which_o some_o do_v call_v carissima_fw-la both_o very_a famous_a and_o in_o the_o land_n which_o lie_v between_o the_o river_n above_o the_o city_n of_o laconcevan_n and_o on_o the_o channel_n which_o have_v a_o communication_n from_o one_o river_n to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v two_o other_o considerable_a city_n socotai_n almost_o in_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o pitchit_n and_o sanquelouc_n more_o to_o the_o north._n describe_v a_o country_n intersect_v with_o channel_n the_o city_n of_o siam_n describe_v the_o country_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o be_v inhabitable_a only_o near_o river_n the_o siamese_n have_v cut_v a_o great_a many_o channel_n and_o without_o have_v better_a memoir_n or_o notes_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o reckon_v up_o all_o the_o city_n seat_v thereon_o it_o be_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o these_o channel_n call_v by_o the_o siamese_n cloum_n that_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n be_v not_o only_o become_v a_o island_n but_o be_v place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o several_a island_n which_o render_v the_o situation_n thereof_o very_o singular_a the_o isle_n wherein_o it_o be_v situate_v be_v at_o present_a all_o enclose_v within_o its_o wall_n which_o certain_o be_v not_o in_o the_o time_n of_o ferdinand_n mendez_n pinto_n if_o notwithstanding_o the_o continual_a mistake_n of_o
what_o they_o present_v you_o with_o both_o their_o hand_n and_o not_o to_o take_v with_o both_o hand_n what_o they_o receive_v from_o you_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v as_o concern_v the_o civility_n with_o which_o the_o siamese_n inspire_v their_o child_n although_o i_o have_v not_o exhaust_v this_o subject_a chap._n ix_o of_o the_o study_n of_o the_o siamese_n talapoin_n they_o put_v their_o child_n to_o the_o talapoin_n when_o they_o have_v educate_v their_o child_n to_o seven_o or_o eight_o year_n old_a they_o put_v they_o into_o a_o convent_n of_o talapoin_n and_o make_v they_o assume_v the_o habit_n of_o a_o talapoin_n for_o it_o be_v a_o profession_n which_o oblige_v not_o and_o which_o be_v quit_v at_o pleasure_n without_o disgrace_n these_o little_a talapoin_n be_v call_v nen_n they_o be_v not_o pensioner_n but_o their_o friend_n do_v daily_o send_v they_o food_n some_o of_o these_o nen_n be_v of_o a_o good_a family_n and_o have_v one_o or_o more_o slave_n to_o wait_v upon_o they_o they_o be_v teach_v principal_o to_o read_v to_o write_v and_o to_o cast_v account_n learn_v what_o they_o learn_v by_o reason_n that_o nothing_o be_v more_o necessary_a to_o merchant_n and_o that_o all_o the_o siamese_n do_v exercise_v traffic_n they_o be_v teach_v the_o principle_n of_o their_o morality_n and_o the_o fable_n of_o their_o sommona-codom_a but_o no_o history_n nor_o law_n nor_o any_o science_n they_o likewise_o teach_v they_o the_o balie_n tongue_n which_o as_o i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o declare_v be_v the_o language_n of_o their_o religion_n and_o their_o law_n and_o few_o among_o they_o do_v make_v any_o progress_n therein_o if_o they_o do_v not_o a_o long_a time_n adhere_v to_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o talapoin_n or_o if_o they_o enter_v not_o into_o some_o office_n for_o it_o be_v in_o these_o two_o case_n only_o that_o this_o language_n be_v useful_a to_o they_o they_o write_v the_o siamese_n and_o balie_n from_o the_o left_a hand_n to_o the_o right_n chinese_n the_o balie_n and_o siamese_n language_n compare_v with_o the_o chinese_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o write_v our_o language_n of_o europe_n in_o which_o they_o differ_v from_o most_o of_o the_o other_o asiatic_o who_o have_v ever_o write_v from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a and_o from_o the_o chineses_n also_o who_o draw_v the_o line_n from_o the_o top_n to_o the_o bottom_n and_o who_o in_o the_o range_a of_o the_o line_n in_o one_o page_n do_v put_v the_o first_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o other_o successive_o towards_o the_o left_a they_o be_v different_a also_o from_o the_o chineses_n in_o that_o they_o have_v not_o like_o they_o a_o character_n for_o every_o word_n or_o even_o for_o every_o signification_n of_o a_o single_a word_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o writing_n may_v have_v no_o equivocation_n like_o the_o language_n the_o siamese_n and_o balie_n tongue_n have_v like_o we_o a_o alphabet_n of_o few_o letter_n of_o which_o be_v compose_v syllable_n and_o word_n moreover_o the_o siamese_n language_n participate_v great_o of_o the_o chinese_n in_o that_o it_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o accent_n for_o their_o voice_n frequent_o rise_v above_o one_o four_o and_o in_o that_o it_o consist_v almost_o all_o of_o monosyllable_n so_o that_o it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o if_o one_o perfect_o understand_v it_o one_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o few_o word_n which_o it_o have_v of_o several_a syllable_n be_v either_o foreign_a or_o compose_v of_o monosyllable_n some_o of_o which_o be_v use_v only_o in_o these_o composition_n but_o the_o most_o remarkable_a similitude_n that_o be_v between_o these_o two_o language_n have_v the_o siamese_n and_o chinese_n language_n have_v no_o declension_n of_o word_n the_o balie_n have_v and_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o balie_n be_v that_o neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o have_v any_o declension_n or_o conjugation_n nor_o perhaps_o derivation_n which_o the_o balie_n have_v as_o for_o example_n the_o word_n which_o signify_v content_a may_v likewise_o signify_v contentment_n and_o that_o which_o signify_v good_a will_v signify_v well_o and_o bounty_n according_a to_o the_o various_a way_n of_o use_v they_o the_o place_v alone_o denote_v the_o case_n in_o noun_n and_o herein_o their_o disposition_n be_v hardly_o different_a from_o we_o and_o as_o to_o the_o conjugation_n the_o siamese_n have_v only_o four_o or_o five_o small_a particle_n which_o they_o put_v sometime_o before_o the_o verb_n and_o sometime_o after_o to_o signify_v the_o number_n tense_n and_o mood_n thereof_o i_o will_v insert_v they_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o volume_n with_o the_o siamese_n and_o balie_n alphabet_n and_o it_o be_v in_o this_o that_o their_o whole_a grammar_n almost_o consist_v their_o dictionary_n be_v not_o less_o simple_a i_o mean_v figurative_a the_o siamese_n language_n not_o copious_a but_o very_o figurative_a that_o their_o language_n be_v not_o copious_a but_o the_o turn_n of_o their_o phrase_n be_v only_o more_o various_a and_o more_o difficult_a in_o cold_a country_n where_o the_o imagination_n be_v cold_a every_o thing_n be_v call_v by_o its_o name_n and_o they_o do_v there_o abound_v as_o much_o or_o more_o in_o word_n than_o in_o thing_n and_o when_o one_o have_v fix_v all_o these_o word_n in_o his_o memory_n he_o may_v promise_v himself_o to_o speak_v well_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o hot_a country_n few_o word_n do_v there_o suffice_v to_o express_v much_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o briskness_n of_o the_o imagination_n employ_v they_o in_o a_o hundred_o different_a way_n all_o figurative_a take_v two_o or_o three_o example_n of_o the_o method_n of_o speak_v siamese_n good_a heart_n signify_v content_a thus_o to_o say_v if_o i_o be_v at_o siam_n i_o shall_v be_v content_a they_o say_v if_o i_o be_v city_n siam_n i_o heart_n good_a much_o sii_n signify_v light_a and_o by_o a_o metaphor_n beauty_n and_o by_o a_o second_o metaphor_n this_o word_n sii_n be_v join_v with_o pak_n which_o signify_v mouth_n sii-pak_a signify_v the_o lip_n as_o if_o one_o shall_v say_v the_o light_n or_o beauty_n of_o the_o mouth_n thus_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o wood_n signify_v a_o flower_n the_o son_n of_o the_o water_n imply_v in_o general_a whatever_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o water_n without_o it_o be_v fish_n as_o crocodile_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o aquatic_a infect_v and_o on_o other_o occasion_n the_o word_n son_n will_v only_o denote_v smallness_n as_o the_o son_n of_o the_o weight_n to_o signify_v small_a weight_n contrary_a to_o the_o word_n mother_n which_o in_o certain_a thing_n they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o signify_v greatness_n in_o short_a i_o have_v not_o see_v any_o word_n in_o this_o language_n that_o have_v resemblance_n to_o we_o except_v those_o of_o po_fw-la and_o i_o which_o signify_v father_n and_o mother_n in_o chinese_n fu_fw-la mu._n arithmetic_n arithmetic_n i_o proceed_v to_o arithmetic_n which_o after_o read_v and_o write_v be_v the_o principal_a study_n of_o the_o siamese_n their_o arithmetic_n like_o we_o have_v ten_o character_n with_o which_o they_o figure_v the_o nought_o like_o we_o and_o to_o which_o they_o give_v the_o same_o power_n as_o we_o in_o the_o same_o disposition_n place_v like_v we_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a unite_v ten_o hundred_o thousand_o and_o all_o the_o other_o power_n of_o the_o number_n ten._n the_o indian_a merchant_n be_v so_o well_o verse_v in_o cast_v account_n and_o their_o imagination_n be_v so_o clear_a thereupon_o that_o it_o be_v say_v they_o can_v present_o resolve_v very_o difficult_a question_n of_o arithmetic_n but_o i_o suppose_v likewise_o that_o they_o do_v never_o resolve_v what_o they_o can_v resolve_v immediate_o they_o love_v not_o to_o trouble_v their_o head_n and_o they_o have_v no_o use_n of_o algebra_n table_n a_o instrument_n which_o serve_v the_o chinese_n for_o a_o abacus_fw-la or_o count_a table_n the_o siamese_n do_v always_o calculate_v with_o a_o pen_n but_o the_o chineses_n make_v use_n of_o a_o instrument_n which_o resemble_v the_o abacus_fw-la and_o which_o f._n martinius_n in_o his_o history_n of_o china_n intimate_v that_o they_o invent_v about_o 2600_o or_o 2700_o year_n before_o jesus_n christ_n however_o it_o be_v pignorius_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr servis_n inform_v we_o that_o this_o instrument_n be_v familiar_a to_o the_o ancient_a roman_a slave_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o cast_v account_n i_o give_v the_o description_n and_o figure_n thereof_o at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o work_n application_n the_o siameses_n not_o proper_a for_o study_n of_o application_n the_o study_n to_o which_o we_o apply_v ourselves_o in_o our_o college_n be_v almost_o absolute_o unknown_a to_o the_o siamese_n and_o it_o may_v be_v doubt_v whether_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o such_o the_o essential_a character_n of_o
their_o new_a style_n though_o the_o first_o month_n of_o the_o year_n according_a to_o this_o new_a style_n be_v the_o five_o or_o six_o of_o the_o old_a style_n this_o in_o few_o word_n be_v the_o whole_a skill_n of_o the_o siamese_n in_o astronomy_n world_n what_o the_o siamese_n do_v think_v of_o the_o system_fw-la of_o the_o world_n moreover_o they_o understand_v nothing_o of_o the_o true_a system_n of_o the_o world_n because_o they_o know_v nothing_o by_o reason_n they_o believe_v therefore_o like_o all_o the_o east_n that_o the_o eclipse_n be_v cause_v by_o some_o dragon_n which_o devour_v the_o sun_n and_o moon_n perhaps_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o astronomer_n metaphorical_a way_n of_o speak_v that_o the_o eclipse_n be_v make_v in_o the_o head_n and_o tail_n of_o the_o dragon_n and_o they_o make_v a_o great_a noise_n with_o fire-shovel_n and_o kettle_n to_o scare_v and_o drive_v away_o this_o pernicious_a animal_n and_o to_o deliver_v those_o beauteous_a planet_n they_o believe_v the_o earth_n foursquare_a and_o of_o vast_a extent_n on_o which_o the_o arch_n of_o heaven_n rest_v at_o its_o extremity_n as_o if_o it_o be_v one_o of_o our_o glass-bell_n with_o which_o we_o cover_v some_o of_o our_o plant_n in_o our_o garden_n they_o assert_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o habitable_a part_n of_o the_o world_n so_o separate_v one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o sea_n that_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v four_o different_a world_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o these_o four_o world_n they_o suppose_v a_o exceed_o high_a pyramidal_a mountain_n with_o four_o equal_a side_n call_v caou_fw-la pra_fw-la soumene_n caou_fw-la signify_v a_o mountain_n and_o to_o mount_n and_o from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n which_o as_o they_o say_v touch_v the_o star_n they_o compute_v 84000_o jod_n and_o every_o jod_n contain_v about_o 8000_o fathom_n they_o reckon_v as_o many_o jod_n from_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o they_o likewise_o reckon_v 84000_o jod_n extent_n of_o sea_n from_o each_o of_o the_o four_o side_n of_o this_o mountain_n to_o every_o of_o the_o four_o world_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v now_o our_o world_n which_o they_o call_v tchiampion_n lie_v as_o they_o report_v to_o the_o south_n of_o this_o mountain_n and_o the_o sun_n moon_n and_o star_n do_v incessant_o turn_v round_o it_o and_o it_o be_v that_o which_o according_a to_o they_o make_v the_o day_n and_o night_n at_o the_o top_n of_o this_o mountain_n be_v a_o heaven_n which_o they_o call_v intratiracha_n which_o be_v surmount_v by_o the_o heaven_n of_o angel_n this_o sample_n which_o be_v all_o i_o know_v thereof_o will_v suffice_v to_o demonstrate_v their_o grossness_n and_o if_o it_o do_v not_o exact_o accord_v to_o what_o other_o have_v write_v before_o i_o concern_v this_o matter_n we_o must_v not_o more_o admire_v the_o variety_n of_o the_o siamese_n opinion_n in_o a_o thing_n they_o understand_v not_o than_o the_o contrariety_n of_o our_o system_n in_o astronomy_n which_o we_o pretend_v to_o understand_v the_o extreme_a superstition_n of_o the_o indian_n be_v therefore_o a_o very_a natural_a consequence_n of_o their_o profound_a ignorance_n but_o for_o their_o excuse_n some_o people_n ignorance_n the_o indian_n be_v superstitious_a proportionable_o to_o their_o extreme_a ignorance_n more_o illuminate_v than_o they_o have_v not_o be_v less_o superstitious_a have_v not_o the_o greek_n and_o after_o they_o the_o roman_n believe_v in_o judiciary_n astrology_n augur_n presage_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o art_n invent_v under_o pretence_n of_o divine_a and_o predict_v they_o think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o goodness_n of_o the_o god_n to_o bestow_v on_o man_n some_o succour_n to_o penetrate_v futurity_n and_o the_o word_n divination_n and_o divine_a be_v the_o same_o word_n in_o their_o origine_fw-la because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a pagan_n the_o art_n of_o divine_a be_v only_o a_o art_n to_o consult_v the_o deity_n the_o siamese_n be_v also_o of_o opinion_n that_o there_o be_v a_o art_n of_o prophesy_v as_o there_o be_v one_o of_o restore_a health_n to_o the_o sick_a and_o when_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n soothsayer_n be_v mistake_v he_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v bastinado_v not_o as_o impostor_n but_o as_o negligent_a person_n as_o he_o command_v his_o physician_n to_o be_v cudgel_v when_o the_o remedy_n they_o give_v he_o perform_v not_o the_o effect_n which_o be_v thereby_o promise_v siamese_n the_o authority_n of_o soothsayer_n over_o the_o siamese_n this_o prince_n no_o more_o than_o his_o subject_n undertake_v no_o affair_n nor_o expedition_n till_o his_o diviner_n which_o be_v all_o brame_n or_o peguin_n have_v fix_v he_o a_o hour_n prosperous_o to_o set_v upon_o it_o he_o stir_v not_o out_o of_o his_o house_n or_o if_o he_o be_v go_v he_o enter_v not_o again_o so_o long_o as_o his_o diviner_n prohibit_v he_o sunday_n seem_v to_o he_o more_o lucky_a than_o the_o other_o day_n because_o that_o in_o his_o tongue_n he_o have_v preserve_v the_o name_n of_o the_o sun's-day_n he_o believe_v the_o increase_n of_o the_o moon_n more_o lucky_a than_o the_o decrease_v and_o beside_o this_o the_o almanac_n which_o he_o cause_v annual_o to_o be_v make_v by_o a_o brame_n astrologer_n denote_v to_o he_o and_o his_o subject_n the_o lucky_a or_o unlucky_a day_n for_o most_o of_o the_o thing_n they_o use_v to_o do_v a_o folly_n which_o be_v perhaps_o too_o much_o tolerate_v among_o the_o christian_n witness_v the_o almanac_n of_o milan_n to_o which_o so_o many_o person_n do_v now_o give_v such_o a_o blind_a belief_n presage_v and_o presage_v the_o siamese_n do_v take_v the_o howl_n of_o wild_a beast_n and_o the_o cry_v of_o stag_n and_o ape_n for_o a_o ill_a omen_n as_o several_a person_n among_o we_o be_v frighten_v with_o the_o bark_v of_o the_o dog_n in_o the_o night_n a_o serpent_n which_o cross_v the_o way_n the_o thunderbolt_n which_o fall_v on_o a_o house_n any_o thing_n that_o fall_v as_o it_o be_v of_o itself_o and_o without_o any_o apparent_a cause_n be_v subject_n of_o dread_a to_o the_o siamese_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o lay_v aside_o or_o set_v upon_o a_o affair_n how_o important_a and_o press_v soever_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o way_n they_o make_v use_v of_o to_o foretell_v thing_n to_o come_v and_o which_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o oriental_n be_v to_o perform_v some_o superstitious_a ceremony_n then_o to_o go_v into_o the_o city_n and_o to_o take_v for_o a_o oracle_n about_o what_o they_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o first_o word_n which_o they_o hear_v accidental_o speak_v in_o the_o street_n or_o in_o the_o house_n i_o can_v learn_v no_o more_o thereof_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o christian_a interpreter_n which_o i_o make_v use_v of_o look_v upon_o these_o thing_n with_o horror_n as_o witchcraft_n and_o compact_n with_o the_o daemon_n although_o it_o be_v very_o possible_a that_o they_o be_v only_a foolery_n full_a of_o credulity_n and_o ignorance_n the_o ancient_a franc_n by_o a_o like_a superstition_n consult_v in_o their_o war_n the_o first_o word_n which_o they_o hear_v sing_v in_o the_o church_n at_o their_o enter_v thereinto_o at_o this_o very_a day_n several_a person_n have_v a_o superstitious_a belief_n in_o certain_a herb_n which_o they_o gather_v the_o evening_n of_o st._n john_n from_z whence_o be_v rise_v this_o proverb_n to_o use_v or_o employ_v all_o the_o herb_n of_o st._n john_n that_o be_v the_o utmost_a skill_n in_o a_o affair_n and_o among_o the_o italian_n there_o be_v some_o who_o after_o have_v wash_v their_o foot_n in_o wine_n on_o st._n john_n eve_n do_v throw_v the_o wine_n out_o at_o window_n and_o so_o stand_v afterward_o to_o hear_v those_o that_o pass_v along_o the_o street_n take_v for_o a_o certain_a augury_n on_o what_o they_o desire_v to_o know_v the_o first_o word_n they_o hear_v speak_v why_o the_o indian_n accuse_v of_o sorcery_n and_o why_o but_o that_o which_o have_v raise_v the_o reputation_n of_o great_a sorcerer_n among_o the_o indian_n be_v principal_o the_o continual_a conjuration_n which_o they_o use_v to_o drive_v away_o the_o evil_a spirit_n with_o and_o attract_v the_o good_a they_o pretend_v to_o have_v some_o talismans_n or_o character_n which_o they_o call_v cata_n to_o accomplish_v whatever_o they_o please_v as_o to_o kill_v or_o to_o render_v invulnerable_a and_o to_o impose_v silence_n on_o person_n and_o dog_n when_o they_o will_v commit_v a_o wicked_a action_n and_o not_o be_v discover_v if_o they_o prepare_v a_o medicine_n they_o will_v fasten_v to_o the_o brim_n of_o the_o vessel_n several_a paper_n wherein_o they_o will_v write_v some_o mysterious_a word_n to_o hinder_v the_o petpayatons_n from_o carry_v away_o the_o virtue_n of_o the_o
have_v also_o other_o dignity_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o inhabitant_n which_o they_o contain_v but_o it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o believe_v that_o these_o city_n have_v ever_o be_v so_o populous_a as_o the_o title_n of_o their_o governor_n import_n by_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v often_o allege_v that_o these_o people_n be_v very_o proud_a in_o title_n only_o the_o great_a title_n be_v give_v to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o big_a city_n and_o the_o least_o title_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n less_o inhabit_v thus_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a of_o which_o i_o have_v speak_v at_o the_o beginning_n have_v a_o governor_n call_v pa-ya-tac_a and_o the_o word_n i_o which_o signify_v mother_n and_o which_o be_v join_v to_o tac_n seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o the_o city_n of_o metac_a be_v very_o great_a the_o city_n of_o porselouc_n have_v also_o a_o pa-ya_a tenasserim_n ligor_fw-la corazema_fw-la and_o other_o have_v still_o some_o ocya_a lesser_a city_n as_o pipeli_n and_o bancock_n have_v the_o oc-pra_a other_o have_v the_o oc-lovang_a or_o the_o oc-counnes_a and_o the_o least_o of_o all_o have_v the_o oc-meving_a the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v these_o title_n according_a to_o their_o fancy_n by_o those_o of_o king_n viceroy_n duke_n marquis_n earl_n etc._n etc._n they_o have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o kingdom_n to_o metac_n tenassarim_n porselouc_n ligor_fw-la and_o pipeli_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o hereditary_a governor_n or_o for_o have_v be_v like_o pipeli_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n and_o to_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n they_o have_v give_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n because_o the_o spaniard_n have_v ever_o think_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o king_n that_o have_v other_o king_n for_o feudatary_n so_o that_o upon_o this_o single_a reason_n some_o king_n of_o castille_n have_v bear_v the_o title_n of_o emperor_n give_v to_o their_o child_n the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o the_o several_a kingdom_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o their_o crown_n province_n the_o dignity_n of_o the_o siamese_n be_v not_o annex_v to_o the_o single_a government_n of_o city_n or_o province_n to_o return_v to_o the_o title_n of_o the_o siamese_n they_o be_v give_v not_o only_o to_o the_o governor_n but_o to_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n because_o that_o they_o be_v all_o nai_n and_o the_o same_o title_n be_v not_o always_o join_v to_o the_o same_o office_n the_o barcalon_n for_o example_n have_v sometime_o have_v that_o of_o pa-ya_a as_o some_o have_v inform_v i_o and_o now_o he_o have_v only_o that_o of_o ocya_a but_o if_o a_o man_n have_v two_o office_n he_o may_v have_v two_o different_a title_n in_o respect_n to_o his_o two_o office_n and_o it_o be_v not_o rare_a that_o one_o man_n have_v two_o office_n one_o in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o province_n or_o rather_o one_o in_o title_n and_o the_o other_o by_o commission_n thus_o ocya_a prasedet_a who_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o city_n of_o siam_n in_o title_n be_v now_o ocya_a barcalon_n by_o commission_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n find_v it_o his_o interest_n because_o that_o upon_o this_o account_n he_o give_v not_o to_o one_o officer_n a_o double_a salary_n relation_n the_o equivocation_n which_o this_o cause_n in_o relation_n but_o this_o multiplication_n of_o office_n on_o the_o same_o head_n cause_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o obscurity_n and_o equivocation_n in_o the_o ancient_a relation_n of_o siam_n because_o that_o when_o a_o man_n have_v two_o office_n he_o have_v two_o title_n and_o two_o name_n and_o when_o the_o relation_n import_v that_o such_o a_o ocya_a for_o example_n be_v concern_v in_o such_o a_o thing_n one_o be_v incline_v to_o believe_v that_o the_o relation_n have_v style_v this_o ocya_a by_o the_o title_n of_o the_o function_n which_o it_o attribute_n to_o he_o and_o frequent_o it_o have_v name_v he_o by_o the_o title_n of_o another_o office_n thus_o if_o a_o relation_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n make_v by_o a_o siamese_n shall_v intimate_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o mayne_n be_v general_n of_o the_o swiss_n the_o siamese_n may_v groundless_o persuade_v themselves_o that_o every_o general_n of_o the_o swiss_n bear_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o mayne_n and_o this_o be_v what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v touch_v the_o people_n of_o siam_n chap._n iii_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o siam_n in_o general_n mandarin_n the_o proper_a signification_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n the_o portuguese_n have_v general_o call_v all_o the_o officer_n throughout_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o the_o east_n mandarin_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o they_o have_v form_v this_o word_n from_o that_o of_o mandar_fw-la which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v to_o command_v navarette_n who_o i_o have_v already_o cite_v be_v of_o this_o opinion_n and_o we_o may_v confirm_v it_o because_o that_o the_o arabian_a word_n emir_n which_o be_v use_v at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o great_a mogul_n and_o in_o several_a other_o mahometan_a court_n of_o the_o indies_n to_o signify_v the_o officer_n be_v derive_v from_o the_o arabian_a verb_n amara_fw-la which_o signify_v to_o command_v the_o word_n mandarin_n extend_v also_o to_o the_o child_n of_o the_o principal_a officer_n which_o be_v consider_v as_o child_n of_o quality_n call_v mon_n in_o siamese_n but_o i_o shall_v make_v use_n of_o the_o word_n mandarin_n only_o to_o signify_v the_o officer_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n therefore_o make_v no_o considerable_a mandarin_n mandarin_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n give_v name_n to_o the_o considerable_a mandarin_n but_o he_o give_v he_o a_o new_a name_n a_o custom_n establish_v also_o at_o china_n and_o in_o other_o state_n of_o the_o east_n this_o name_n be_v always_o a_o elogium_fw-la sometime_o it_o be_v purposely_o invent_v like_o that_o which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o metelpolis_n and_o like_o those_o which_o he_o give_v to_o the_o foreigner_n that_o be_v at_o his_o court_n but_o oftentimes_o these_o name_n be_v ancient_a and_o know_v for_o have_v be_v former_o give_v to_o other_o and_o those_o be_v the_o most_o honourable_a which_o have_v be_v heretofore_o bear_v by_o person_n very_o high_o advance_v in_o dignity_n or_o by_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n and_o although_o such_o name_n be_v not_o always_o accompany_v with_o office_n and_o authority_n they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v a_o great_a mark_n of_o favour_n it_o likewise_o happen_v that_o the_o same_o name_n be_v give_v to_o several_a person_n of_o different_a dignity_n so_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o one_o for_o example_n will_v call_v himself_o oc-pra_a pipitcharatcha_n and_o the_o other_o oc-counne_a pipitcharatcha_n these_o name_n of_o which_o the_o first_o word_n be_v only_o speak_v and_o which_o do_v every_o one_o make_v a_o period_n be_v take_v almost_o all_o entire_a out_o of_o the_o baly_n tongue_n and_o be_v not_o always_o well_o understand_v but_o this_o and_o the_o style_n of_o the_o law_n which_o participate_v very_o much_o of_o the_o baly_n and_o the_o book_n of_o religion_n which_o be_v baly_n be_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n ought_v not_o to_o ignore_v this_o tongue_n forasmuch_o as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v it_o lend_v all_o its_o ornament_n to_o the_o siamese_n and_o that_o oftentimes_o they_o do_v elegant_o intermix_v they_o either_o in_o speak_v or_o in_o writing_n the_o law_n of_o the_o state_n be_v that_o all_o office_n shall_v be_v hereditary_a hereditary_a all_o office_n be_v hereditary_a and_o the_o same_o law_n be_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n and_o be_v ancient_o at_o china_n but_o the_o sell_n of_o office_n be_v not_o there_o permit_v and_o moreover_o the_o least_o fault_n of_o the_o patent_n or_o the_o capricious_a humour_n of_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o dotage_n of_o the_o inheritor_n may_v take_v away_o the_o office_n from_o the_o family_n and_o when_o this_o happen_v it_o be_v always_o without_o recompense_n very_o few_o family_n do_v long_o maintain_v themselves_o therein_o especial_o in_o the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o rest_n under_o the_o master_n power_n moreover_o no_o officer_n at_o siam_n have_v any_o salary_n the_o prince_n lodge_v they_o office_n the_o profit_n of_o the_o office_n which_o be_v no_o great_a matter_n and_o give_v they_o some_o moveable_n as_o box_n of_o glod_n or_o silver_n for_o betel_n some_o arm_n and_o a_o balloon_n some_o beast_n as_o elephant_n horse_n and_o buffalo_n some_o service_n slave_n and_o in_o fine_a some_o arable_a land_n all_o which_o return_v to_o the_o king_n with_o the_o office_n and_o which_o do_v principal_o make_v the_o king_n to_o be_v the_o heir_n of_o his_o officer_n but_o the_o principal_a gain_n of_o the_o office_n
present_n be_v essential_a for_o they_o in_o embassy_n it_o be_v asleep_o traffic_v under_o a_o honourable_a title_n and_o from_o king_n to_o king_n their_o politeness_n excite_v they_o to_o testify_v by_o several_a demonstration_n how_o they_o esteem_v the_o present_n which_o they_o have_v receive_v if_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n of_o use_n though_o it_o be_v not_o for_o their_o use_n they_o public_o prepare_v whatever_o shall_v be_v necessary_a to_o use_v it_o as_o if_o they_o have_v a_o real_a desire_n thereof_o if_o it_o be_v any_o thing_n to_o wear_v they_o will_v adorn_v themselves_o therewith_o in_o your_o presence_n if_o they_o be_v horse_n they_o will_v build_v a_o stable_a on_o purpose_n to_o lodge_v they_o be_v it_o only_o a_o telescope_n they_o will_v build_v a_o tower_n to_o see_v with_o this_o glass_n and_o so_o they_o will_v seem_v to_o make_v a_o high_a account_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o present_n to_o honour_v the_o prince_n which_o send_v they_o unless_o he_o have_v receive_v present_n from_o their_o part_n with_o less_o demonstration_n of_o esteem_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v real_o concern_v only_o for_o the_o profit_n before_o that_o the_o king_n present_n go_v out_o of_o our_o hand_n some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n officer_n come_v to_o take_v a_o exact_a description_n thereof_o in_o writing_n even_o to_o the_o count_a all_o the_o stone_n of_o every_o sort_n which_o be_v intersperse_v in_o the_o embroidery_n and_o to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v not_o seem_v that_o the_o king_n their_o master_n take_v this_o care_n to_o prevent_v be_v rob_v by_o his_o officer_n through_o who_o hand_n the_o present_n be_v to_o pass_v they_o pretend_v that_o this_o prince_n be_v curious_a and_o impatient_a and_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o go_v render_v he_o a_o account_n of_o what_o this_o be_v and_o to_o be_v ready_a to_o answer_v he_o exact_o upon_o the_o least_o thing_n embassy_n the_o oriental_n do_v esteem_v it_o a_o great_a honour_n to_o receive_v embassy_n all_o the_o oriental_a prince_n do_v esteem_v it_o a_o great_a honour_n to_o receive_v embassy_n and_o to_o send_v the_o few_o they_o can_v because_o that_o in_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v a_o badge_n which_o can_v be_v alien_v from_o they_o and_o their_o riches_n and_o that_o they_o can_v content_v themselves_o without_o the_o riches_n of_o foreigner_n they_o look_v upon_o embassy_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o homage_n and_o in_o their_o court_n they_o retain_v the_o foreign_a minister_n as_o long_o as_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o prolong_v as_o much_o as_o in_o they_o lie_v the_o honour_n which_o they_o receive_v thus_o the_o great_a mogul_n and_o the_o king_n of_o china_n and_o japan_n do_v never_o send_v ambassador_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n likewise_o send_v only_o to_o siam_n because_o that_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n ambassador_n have_v demand_v it_o as_o i_o proceed_v to_o relate_v accountable_a the_o siamese_n ambassador_n be_v accountable_a the_o siamese_n ambassador_n be_v accountable_a because_o that_o they_o be_v load_v with_o good_n and_o it_o rare_o happen_v that_o they_o render_v a_o account_n good_a enough_o entire_o to_o avoid_v the_o bastinado_n thus_o agi_fw-la selim_n it_o be_v the_o name_n of_o a_o moor_n who_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n send_v eight_o or_o nine_o year_n since_o into_o persia_n as_o his_o ambassador_n be_v severe_o chastise_v at_o his_o return_n though_o in_o appearance_n he_o have_v serve_v very_o faithful_o he_o have_v establish_v commerce_n with_o persia_n and_o have_v bring_v with_o he_o that_o persian_a ambassador_n who_o as_o i_o have_v several_a time_n relate_v dye_v at_o tenasserim_n he_o be_v a_o moula_n or_o doctor_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n who_o agi_fw-la selim_n have_v demand_v of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n to_o instruct_v as_o he_o pretend_v the_o king_n of_o siam_n in_o mahumetanism_n bernier_n tom_n ii_o pag._n 54._o report_n that_o during_o his_o abode_n in_o the_o indies_n some_o ambassador_n from_o prester_n john_n who_o as_o every_o one_o know_v profess_v to_o be_v a_o christian_n demand_v of_o the_o great_a mogul_n a_o alcoran_n and_o eight_o of_o the_o most_o renown_a book_n that_o be_v in_o the_o mahometan_a religion_n a_o base_a flattery_n which_o exceed_o scandalize_v bernier_n but_o general_o speak_v these_o trade_a king_n do_v exceed_o make_v use_v of_o the_o pretence_n of_o religion_n for_o the_o increase_n of_o their_o commerce_n explication_n of_o the_o platform_n of_o the_o hall_n of_o audience_n of_o siam_n a_o three_o step_n which_o be_v place_v under_o the_o window_n where_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n be_v to_o raise_v i_o high_a enough_o to_o deliver_v he_o the_o king_n letter_n from_o hand_n to_o hand_n b_o three_o parasol_n or_o vmbrella_n c_o two_o pair_n of_o stair_n to_o go_v up_o into_o the_o place_n where_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n be_v d_o two_o table_n cover_v with_o tapestry_n on_o which_o be_v lay_v the_o king_n present_n which_o can_v be_v hold_v there_o e_o the_o son_n of_o mr._n ceberet_fw-la stand_v hold_v the_o king_n letter_n in_o a_o gold_n basin_n of_o filigreen_n with_o a_o triple_a story_n the_o figure_n of_o which_o be_v see_v at_o page_n f_o two_o little_a square_n and_o low_a stool_n each_o cover_v with_o a_o little_a carpet_n for_o the_o king_n envoy_n to_o sit_v on_o mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr chaumont_n have_v such_o another_o g_o the_o bishop_n of_o metellopolis_n apostolic_a vicar_n sit_v cross-legged_a h_o monsieur_n constance_n prostrate_v at_o my_o right_a hand_n and_o behind_o i_o to_o serve_v as_o my_o interpreter_n i_o father_n tachart_n sit_v cross-legged_a k_o fifty_o mandarin_n prostrate_a l_o the_o french_a gentleman_n sit_v with_o their_o leg_n across_o m_o a_o little_a pair_n of_o brick_n stair_n to_o go_v up_o to_o the_o hall_n of_o audience_n n_o the_o wall_n whereunto_o this_o pair_n of_o stair_n be_v fix_v the_o explication_n of_o the_o platform_n of_o the_o temple_n which_o shall_v have_v be_v insert_v in_o chap._n 2._o part_n 2._o a_o the_o step_v before_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o temple_n b_o the_o principal_a gate_n c_o the_o two_o gate_n behind_o d_o the_o pile_n of_o wood_n which_o bear_v the_o roof_n e_o the_o pile_n of_o wood_n which_o bear_v before_o and_o behind_o the_o temple_n ff_n the_o altar_n g_o the_o figure_n of_o sommona-codam_a take_v up_o the_o all_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o altar_n hh_o the_o statue_n of_o pra_fw-la mogla_n and_o of_o pra_fw-la sarabout_o less_o and_o low_a than_o the_o first_o iii_o other_o staute_n lesser_a than_o the_o former_a k._n step_v to_o ascend_v on_o the_o altar_n which_o be_v a_o mass_n build_v with_o brick_n about_o 4_o foot_n high_a chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o foreigner_n of_o different_a nation_n flee_v to_o and_o settle_v at_o siam_n siam_n the_o policy_n observe_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o stranger_n flee_v to_o siam_n it_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v the_o liberty_n of_o commerce_n which_o have_v former_o invite_v to_o siam_n a_o great_a multitude_n of_o stranger_n of_o different_a nation_n who_o settle_v there_o with_o the_o liberty_n of_o live_v according_a to_o their_o custom_n and_o of_o public_o exercise_v their_o several_a way_n of_o worship_n every_o nation_n possess_v a_o different_a quarter_n the_o quarter_n which_o be_v without_o the_o city_n and_o which_o do_v compose_v the_o suburb_n thereof_o the_o portuguese_n do_v call_v camp_n and_o the_o siamese_n ban._n moreover_o every_o nation_n choose_v its_o chief_a or_o its_o nai_n as_o the_o siamese_n do_v speak_v and_o this_o chief_a manage_n the_o affair_n of_o his_o nation_n with_o the_o mandarin_n who_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n nominate_v for_o this_o purpose_n and_o who_o they_o call_v the_o mandarin_n of_o this_o nation_n but_o affair_n of_o the_o least_o importance_n be_v not_o determine_v by_o this_o mandarin_n they_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o barcalon_n time_n the_o fortune_n of_o the_o moor_n very_o different_a at_o siam_n at_o several_a time_n among_o the_o several_a nation_n that_o of_o the_o moor_n have_v be_v the_o best_a establish_v under_o this_o reign_n it_o once_o happen_v that_o the_o barcalon_n be_v a_o moor_n probable_o because_o the_o king_n of_o siam_n think_v by_o this_o mean_v better_a to_o establish_v his_o commerce_n among_o the_o most_o powerful_a of_o his_o neighbour_a prince_n who_o do_v all_o make_v profession_n of_o mahumetanism_n the_o principal_a office_n of_o the_o court_n and_o of_o the_o province_n be_v then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o moor_n the_o king_n of_o siam_n cause_v several_a mosque_n to_o be_v erect_v for_o they_o at_o his_o expense_n and_o he_o still_o bear_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o principal_a festival_n which_o they_o celebrate_v for_o several_a day_n together_o in_o memory_n of_o the_o death_n of_o haly_n or_o of_o his_o child_n
and_o so_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o in_o a_o word_n they_o be_v not_o humble_a and_o they_o have_v rather_o the_o idea_n of_o humiliation_n and_o mortification_n than_o of_o humility_n they_o seem_v to_o understand_v entertain_v and_o retirement_n a_o talapoin_v sin_n talapoin_n some_o appearance_n of_o certain_a monastic_a virtue_n in_o the_o talapoin_n if_o in_o walk_v along_o the_o street_n he_o have_v not_o his_o sense_n compose_v a_o talapoin_v sin_n if_o he_o meddle_v with_o state_n affair_n they_o concern_v not_o themselves_o therein_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o distraction_n and_o without_o attract_v the_o envy_n and_o hatred_n of_o several_a which_o suit_v not_o to_o a_o talapoin_n who_o ought_v only_o to_o mind_v his_o convent_n and_o to_o edify_v every_o one_o by_o his_o modesty_n but_o moreover_o i_o believe_v that_o a_o wise_a policy_n have_v great_o contribute_v to_o interdict_v state-affair_n to_o person_n who_o have_v so_o great_a a_o power_n upon_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o people_n they_o understand_v religious_a obedience_n obedience_n be_v the_o virtue_n of_o every_o one_o in_o this_o country_n and_o it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o it_o be_v find_v in_o their_o cloister_n they_o likewise_o understand_v chastity_n a_o talapoin_v sin_n if_o he_o cough_v to_o attract_v on_o he_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o woman_n if_o he_o behold_v a_o woman_n with_o complacency_n or_o if_o he_o desire_v one_o if_o he_o use_v perfume_n about_o his_o person_n if_o he_o put_v flower_n to_o his_o ear_n and_o in_o a_o word_n if_o he_o adorn_v himself_o with_o too_o much_o care_n and_o some_o will_v likewise_o say_v they_o understand_v poverty_n because_o it_o be_v prohibit_v they_o to_o have_v more_o than_o one_o vestment_n and_o to_o have_v it_o precious_a to_o keep_v any_o thing_n to_o eat_v from_o the_o evening_n till_o the_o next_o day_n to_o touch_v either_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o to_o desire_v it_o but_o at_o the_o bottom_n as_o they_o may_v abandon_v their_o profession_n they_o act_v so_o well_o that_o if_o they_o live_v poor_o whilst_o they_o be_v talapoin_n they_o fail_v not_o to_o heap_v wherewith_o to_o live_v at_o their_o ease_n when_o they_o cease_v to_o be_v so_o and_o these_o be_v the_o idea_n which_o the_o siamese_n have_v of_o virtue_n chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o supreme_a felicity_n and_o extreme_a infelicity_n among_o the_o siamese_n it_o remain_v for_o i_o to_o explain_v wherein_o they_o place_v perfect_a felicity_n felicity_n perfect_a felicity_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o supreme_a recompense_n of_o good_a work_n and_o the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o unhappiness_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o great_a punishment_n of_o the_o guilty_a they_o believe_v therefore_o that_o if_o by_o several_a transmigration_n and_o by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o good_a work_n in_o all_o the_o life_n a_o soul_n acquire_v so_o much_o merit_n that_o there_o be_v not_o in_o any_o world_n any_o mortal_a condition_n that_o be_v worthy_a of_o it_o they_o believe_v i_o say_v that_o this_o soul_n be_v then_o exempt_a from_o every_o transmigration_n and_o every_o animation_n that_o it_o have_v nothing_o more_o to_o do_v that_o it_o neither_o revive_v nor_o die_v any_o more_o but_o that_o it_o enjoy_v a_o eternal_a unactivity_n and_o a_o real_a impassibility_n nireupan_n say_v they_o that_o be_v to_o say_v this_o soul_n have_v disappear_v it_o will_v return_v no_o more_o in_o any_o world_n siamese_n what_o the_o portuguese_n have_v call_v paradise_n and_o hell_n be_v neither_o the_o perfect_a felicity_n nor_o the_o extreme_a infelicity_n according_a to_o the_o siamese_n and_o it_o be_v this_o word_n which_o the_o portuguese_n have_v translate_v it_o be_v annihilate_v and_o likewise_o thus_o it_o be_v become_v a_o god_n though_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o siamese_n this_o be_v not_o a_o real_a annihilation_n nor_o a_o acquisition_n of_o any_o divine_a nature_n such_o be_v therefore_o the_o true_a paradise_n of_o the_o indian_n for_o though_o they_o suppose_v a_o great_a felicity_n in_o the_o high_a of_o the_o nine_o paradices_fw-la of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o discourse_v yet_o they_o say_v that_o this_o felicity_n be_v not_o eternal_a nor_o exempt_v from_o all_o inquietude_n see_v that_o it_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o life_n where_o one_o be_v bear_v and_o where_o one_o die_v by_o the_o like_a reason_n their_o true_a hell_n be_v not_o any_o of_o those_o nine_o place_n which_o we_o have_v call_v hell_n and_o in_o some_o of_o which_o they_o suppose_v torment_n and_o eternal_a flame_n for_o though_o there_o may_v eternal_o be_v some_o soul_n in_o these_o hell_n these_o will_v not_o always_o be_v the_o same_o no_o soul_n will_v be_v eternal_o punish_v they_o will_v revive_v again_o to_o live_v there_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o to_o depart_v thence_o by_o death_n infelicity_n the_o utmost_a degree_n of_o infelicity_n but_o the_o true_a hell_n of_o the_o indian_n be_v only_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v the_o eternal_a transmigration_n of_o these_o soul_n which_o will_v never_o arrive_v at_o the_o nireupan_n that_o be_v to_o say_v will_v never_o disappear_v in_o the_o whole_a duration_n of_o the_o world_n which_o they_o do_v think_v must_v be_v eternal_a they_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v for_o the_o sin_n of_o these_o soul_n and_o for_o their_o want_n of_o ever_o acquire_v a_o sufficient_a merit_n that_o they_o shall_v continual_o pass_v from_o one_o body_n to_o another_o the_o body_n whatever_o it_o be_v be_v always_o according_a to_o they_o a_o prison_n for_o the_o soul_n wherein_o it_o be_v punish_v for_o its_o fault_n he_o the_o wonder_n which_o they_o relate_v of_o a_o man_n that_o deserve_v the_o nireupan_n and_o how_o they_o consecrate_v their_o temple_n to_o he_o but_o before_o that_o a_o man_n enter_v into_o the_o supreme_a felicity_n before_o that_o he_o disappear_v to_o speak_v like_o they_o they_o believe_v that_o after_o the_o action_n by_o which_o he_o conclude_v to_o merit_v the_o nireupan_n he_o enjoy_v great_a privilege_n from_o this_o life_n they_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v then_o that_o such_o a_o man_n preach_v up_o virtue_n to_o other_o with_o much_o more_o efficacy_n that_o he_o acquire_v a_o prodigious_a science_n a_o invincible_a strength_n of_o body_n the_o power_n of_o do_v miracle_n and_o the_o knowledge_n of_o whatever_o have_v befall_v he_o in_o all_o the_o transmigration_n of_o his_o soul_n and_o of_o whatever_o shall_v happen_v to_o he_o till_o his_o death_n his_o death_n must_v likewise_o be_v of_o a_o singular_a sort_n which_o they_o think_v more_o noble_a than_o the_o common_a way_n of_o die_v he_o disappear_v they_o say_v like_o a_o spark_n which_o be_v lose_v in_o the_o air._n and_o it_o be_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o these_o sort_n of_o man_n that_o the_o siamese_n do_v consecrate_v their_o temple_n sommona-codom_a though_o they_o believe_v in_o several_a they_o honour_v only_a one_o name_v sommona-codom_a now_o though_o they_o say_v that_o several_a have_v attain_v to_o this_o felicity_n to_o the_o end_n in_o my_o opinion_n that_o several_a may_v hope_v to_o arrive_v thereat_o yet_o they_o honour_v only_o one_o alone_a who_o they_o esteem_v to_o have_v surpass_v all_o the_o rest_n in_o virtue_n they_o call_v he_o sommona-codom_a and_o they_o say_v that_o codom_n be_v his_o name_n and_o that_o sommona_n signify_v in_o the_o balie_n tongue_n a_o talapoin_n of_o the_o wood_n according_a to_o they_o there_o be_v no_o true_a virtue_n out_o of_o the_o talapoin-profession_n and_o they_o believe_v the_o talapoin_n of_o the_o wood_n much_o more_o virtuous_a than_o those_o of_o the_o city_n siamese_n no_o idea_n of_o a_o divinity_n among_o the_o siamese_n and_o this_o be_v certain_o the_o whole_a doctrine_n of_o the_o siamese_n in_o which_o i_o find_v no_o idea_n of_o a_o divinity_n the_o god_n of_o the_o ancient_a paganism_n which_o we_o know_v govern_v nature_n punish_v the_o wicked_a and_o recompense_v the_o good_a and_o though_o they_o be_v bear_v like_o man_n they_o come_v of_o a_o immortal_a race_n and_o know_v not_o death_n the_o god_n of_o epicurus_n take_v care_n of_o nothing_o no_o more_o than_o sommona-codom_a but_o it_o appear_v not_o that_o they_o be_v man_n arrive_v through_o their_o virtue_n at_o that_o state_n of_o a_o happy_a inactivity_n they_o be_v not_o bear_v neither_o do_v they_o die_v aristotle_n have_v acknowledge_v a_o first_o mover_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o powerful_a be_v who_o have_v range_v nature_n and_o who_o have_v give_v it_o as_o i_o may_v say_v the_o swing_n which_o preserve_v the_o harmony_n therein_o but_o the_o siamese_n have_v not_o any_o such_o idea_n be_v far_o from_o acknowledge_v a_o god_n creator_n and_o so_o i_o believe_v it_o may_v be_v assert_v that_o the_o siamese_n have_v no_o idea_n of_o any_o god_n and_o that_o their_o religion_n be_v reduce_v all_o
entire_a to_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o dead_a and_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o chineses_n understand_v it_o thus_o and_o that_o they_o think_v not_o that_o pagode_n signify_v god_n for_o father_n magaillans_n inform_v we_o that_o they_o be_v offend_v when_o confucius_n be_v treat_v as_o a_o pagode_n because_o this_o be_v to_o treat_v he_o not_o as_o god_n which_o will_v not_o be_v a_o injury_n to_o confucius_n but_o as_o a_o man_n arrive_v at_o the_o supreme_a virtue_n of_o the_o indian_n which_o the_o chineses_n do_v think_v very_o much_o inferior_a to_o the_o virtue_n of_o confucius_n chap._n xxiii_o concern_v the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o talapoin_n and_o of_o their_o opinion_n antiquity_n it_o seem_v that_o it_o may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o chinese_n antiquity_n when_o i_o will_v seek_v by_o what_o degree_n humane_a reason_n can_v precipitate_v itself_o into_o such_o strange_a digression_n i_o think_v to_o find_v the_o footstep_n thereof_o in_o the_o chinese_n antiquity_n the_o chineses_n be_v so_o ancient_a thereof_o if_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n acknowledge_v the_o deity_n they_o soon_o corrupt_v the_o idea_n thereof_o that_o it_o must_v be_v presume_v that_o at_o the_o beginning_n they_o know_v the_o true_a god_n and_o by_o he_o good_a and_o bad_a work_n and_o the_o recompense_n or_o punishment_n which_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v to_o expect_v from_o that_o omnipotent_a judge_n but_o that_o by_o little_a and_o little_o they_o have_v obscure_v and_o corrupt_v these_o idea_n god_n that_o be_v so_o pure_a and_o so_o perfect_a be_v at_o most_o become_v the_o material_a soul_n of_o the_o entire_a world_n or_o of_o its_o most_o beautiful_a part_n which_o be_v the_o heaven_n his_o providence_n and_o his_o power_n have_v be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o limit_a providence_n and_o power_n though_o nevertheless_o a_o great_a deal_n more_o extensive_a than_o the_o strength_n and_o prudence_n of_o men._n it_o seem_v say_v father_n trigaut_n in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o christian_a expedition_n to_o china_n chap._n 10._o that_o the_o ancient_a chineses_n have_v believe_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n animate_v and_o that_o they_o have_v adore_v the_o soul_n as_o a_o supreme_a god_n call_v he_o the_o king_n of_o heaven_n or_o simple_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n father_n trigaut_n may_v raise_v the_o same_o doubt_n upon_o all_o thing_n for_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o chinese_n have_v continual_o attribute_v spirit_n to_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o world_n to_o the_o planet_n to_o the_o mountain_n to_o the_o river_n to_o the_o plant_n to_o the_o city_n and_o their_o ditch_n to_o house_n and_o their_o chimney_n and_o in_o a_o word_n to_o all_o thing_n and_o all_o the_o spirit_n appear_v not_o good_a to_o they_o they_o acknowledge_v some_o wicked_a one_o to_o be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o mischief_n and_o disaster_n to_o which_o the_o humane_a life_n be_v subject_a moreover_o as_o they_o think_v the_o earth_n and_o the_o sea_n fix_v to_o the_o heaven_n by_o the_o horizon_n they_o have_v attribute_v but_o one_o spirit_n or_o one_o soul_n to_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n though_o nevertheless_o and_o perhaps_o by_o some_o thought_n contrary_a to_o their_o first_o opinion_n they_o have_v build_v two_o different_a temple_n the_o one_o consecrate_v to_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o other_o to_o the_o earth_n as_o therefore_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n be_v in_o their_o opinion_n omnipotence_n they_o have_v take_v from_o god_n the_o infinite_a providence_n and_o omnipotence_n the_o source_n of_o all_o the_o vital_a action_n of_o man_n so_o they_o give_v a_o soul_n unto_o the_o sun_n to_o be_v the_o source_n of_o its_o quality_n and_o of_o its_o motion_n and_o on_o this_o principle_n the_o soul_n be_v diffuse_v every_o where_o cause_v in_o all_o body_n the_o action_n which_o appear_v natural_a to_o these_o body_n there_o need_v no_o more_o to_o explain_v in_o this_o opinion_n the_o whole_a economy_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o supply_v the_o omnipotence_n and_o infinite_a providence_n which_o they_o admit_v not_o in_o any_o spirit_n not_o even_o in_o that_o of_o the_o heaven_n in_o truth_n as_o it_o seem_v that_o man_n use_v thing_n natural_a for_o his_o nourishment_n obey_v they_o have_v make_v god_n as_o a_o king_n of_o all_o nature_n but_o not_o a_o king_n always_o obey_v or_o for_o his_o conveniency_n have_v some_o power_n over_o thing_n natural_a the_o ancient_a opinion_n of_o the_o chinese_n allow_v such_o a_o like_a power_n proportionable_o to_o all_o the_o soul_n suppose_v that_o that_o of_o the_o heaven_n may_v act_v over_o nature_n with_o a_o prudence_n and_o strength_n incomparable_o great_a than_o humane_a prudence_n and_o power_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o acknowledge_v in_o the_o soul_n of_o every_o thing_n a_o interior_a force_n independent_a by_o its_o nature_n from_o the_o power_n of_o heaven_n and_o which_o act_v sometime_o against_o the_o design_n of_o heaven_n the_o heaven_n govern_v nature_n as_o a_o powerful_a king_n the_o other_o soul_n pay_v obedience_n to_o he_o he_o almost_o continual_o force_v they_o but_o some_o there_o be_v which_o sometime_o dispense_v with_o obey_v he_o impossible_a confucius_n believe_v extreme_a virtue_n impossible_a and_o consequent_o he_o think_v the_o idea_n we_o have_v of_o god_n impossible_a confucius_n discourse_v of_o boundless_a virtue_n which_o be_v the_o true_a idea_n that_o we_o have_v of_o the_o divinity_n think_v it_o impossible_a how_o virtuous_a soever_o say_v he_o a_o man_n be_v there_o will_v yet_o be_v a_o degree_n of_o virtue_n to_o which_o he_o can_v attain_v the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n add_v he_o though_o so_o great_a so_o perfect_a and_o so_o curious_o wrought_v can_v yet_o satisfy_v the_o desire_n of_o all_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o inconstancy_n of_o the_o season_n and_o of_o the_o element_n so_o that_o man_n find_v in_o they_o wherewith_o to_o reprehend_v and_o even_o just_a subject_n of_o indignation_n wherefore_o if_o we_o thorough_o comprehend_v the_o greatness_n of_o extreme_a virtue_n we_o shall_v necessary_o confess_v that_o the_o whole_a universe_n can_v neither_o contain_v nor_o sustain_v the_o weight_n thereof_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a we_o think_v upon_o that_o subtle_a and_o conceal_a point_n of_o perfection_n in_o which_o it_o consist_v we_o shall_v confess_v that_o the_o whole_a world_n can_v neither_o divide_v nor_o penetrate_v it_o these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o confucius_n as_o father_n couplet_n have_v give_v they_o we_o by_o which_o this_o philosopher_n seem_v to_o have_v have_v no_o other_o intention_n than_o to_o describe_v the_o real_a divinity_n which_o he_o believe_v impossible_a see_v that_o he_o find_v it_o not_o where_o not_o even_o in_o the_o spirit_n of_o the_o heaven_n and_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v what_o he_o conceive_v most_o perfect_a chineses_n the_o worship_n due_a to_o the_o creator_n divide_v among_o the_o creature_n by_o the_o ancient_n chineses_n the_o divine_a power_n and_o providence_n be_v thus_o distribute_v as_o by_o piece-meal_n to_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o soul_n the_o ancient_a chineses_n think_v themselves_o oblige_v to_o address_v to_o this_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o soul_n and_o spirit_n the_o vow_n and_o worship_n which_o they_o owe_v only_o to_o one_o alone_a they_o of_o nature_n they_o make_v a_o state_n like_o to_o they_o of_o nature_n they_o make_v a_o invisible_a monarchy_n which_o they_o mould_v they_o upon_o and_o of_o which_o they_o believe_v that_o the_o invisible_a member_n have_v a_o continual_a correspondence_n with_o the_o member_n of_o the_o chinese_n monarchy_n which_o they_o think_v to_o possess_v near_o the_o whole_a earth_n to_o the_o spirit_n of_o heaven_n they_o allot_v six_o principal_a minister_n as_o the_o king_n of_o china_n have_v six_o which_o be_v the_o precedent_n of_o the_o six_o chief_a tribunal_n wherein_o they_o only_o have_v a_o determinative_a voice_n they_o believe_v that_o the_o king_n of_o heaven_n for_o they_o give_v this_o title_n to_o the_o spirit_n of_o heaven_n intermeddle_v only_o with_o the_o person_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n of_o china_n that_o all_o man_n ought_v to_o honour_v this_o supreme_a spirit_n but_o that_o the_o king_n of_o china_n only_o be_v worthy_a to_o offer_v sacrifice_n unto_o he_o and_o for_o these_o sacrifice_n they_o have_v no_o other_o priest_n the_o minister_n of_o china_n offer_v sacrifice_n to_o the_o minister_n of_o heaven_n and_o every_o chinese_n officer_n thus_o honour_v a_o officer_n like_o to_o he_o near_o heaven_n the_o people_n sacrifice_v to_o a_o multitude_n of_o spirit_n diffuse_v every_o where_o and_o every_o one_o be_v priest_n in_o this_o sort_n of_o worship_n there_o be_v not_o any_o order_n or_o religious_a body_n for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o for_o the_o sacrifice_n error_n what_o the_o
betide_v he_o and_o the_o fortune_n that_o a_o son_n will_v have_v at_o who_o nativity_n there_o have_v appear_v so_o many_o wonder_n they_o all_o assure_v he_o that_o he_o have_v great_a reason_n to_o rejoice_v see_v that_o if_o his_o son_n do_v continue_v in_o the_o world_n he_o will_v be_v emperor_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n or_o that_o if_o he_o turn_v talapoin_v by_o abandon_v the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o age_n he_o will_v arrive_v at_o the_o nireupan_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o know_v that_o this_o emperor_n have_v seven_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v so_o peculiar_a to_o he_o that_o there_o be_v none_o beside_o he_o that_o have_v they_o the_o first_o be_v a_o glass-bowl_n which_o he_o make_v use_v of_o to_o rid_v himself_o of_o his_o enemy_n by_o throw_v it_o against_o those_o who_o he_o will_v kill_v which_o be_v let_v go_v go_v to_o cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n head_n and_o then_o return_v of_o itself_o the_o second_o be_v elephant_n and_o horse_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a goodness_n and_o beauty_n which_o do_v fly_v with_o the_o same_o facility_n as_o they_o walk_v the_o three_o be_v a_o piece_n of_o glass_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o which_o he_o can_v have_v as_o much_o gold_n and_o silver_n as_o he_o please_v for_o to_o this_o end_n he_o need_v only_o to_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o air_n and_o of_o the_o height_n that_o it_o go_v there_o will_v grow_v a_o pillar_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n the_o four_o be_v a_o lady_n come_v from_o the_o north_n of_o a_o marvellous_a beauty_n who_o have_v a_o great_a glass_n pot_n sustain_v by_o three_o column_n of_o the_o same_o then_o when_o she_o will_v boil_v any_o rice_n she_o need_v only_o to_o put_v never_o so_o little_a rice_n therein_o and_o the_o fire_n will_v kindle_v of_o itself_o and_o extinguish_v also_o of_o itself_o when_o the_o rice_n be_v boil_v the_o rice_n multiply_v so_o exceed_o in_o the_o boil_a that_o it_o will_v feed_v five_o hundred_o man_n and_o more_o the_o five_o be_v a_o man_n who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o house_n and_o who_o have_v eye_n so_o penetrate_v that_o he_o do_v see_v gold_n silver_n and_o precious_a stone_n in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n the_o six_o be_v a_o great_a mandarin_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a strength_n and_o valour_n the_o last_o be_v that_o he_o have_v a_o thousand_o child_n by_o one_o queen_n which_o indeed_o do_v not_o all_o come_v out_o of_o her_o womb._n one_o alone_o come_v out_o thence_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v engender_v of_o the_o water_n blood_n and_o whatever_o come_v out_o at_o the_o delivery_n every_o one_o of_o these_o child_n in_o particular_a be_v grow_v up_o be_v capable_a of_o subdue_a and_o vanquish_a all_o the_o enemy_n which_o their_o father_n can_v have_v now_o there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o soothsayer_n who_o take_v the_o father_n aside_o tell_v he_o that_o assure_o his_o son_n will_v abandon_v the_o world_n will_v quit_v the_o kingdom_n and_o will_v consecrate_v himself_o to_o repentance_n by_o turn_v talapoin_n to_o 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