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city_n	according_a	call_v	zion_n	97	3	8.8440	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57329	An abridgement of Sir Walter Raleigh's History of the world in five books ... : wherein the particular chapters and paragraphs are succinctly abrig'd according to his own method in the larger volume : to which is added his Premonition to princes.	Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.; Echard, Laurence, 1670?-1730.; Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618. A premonition to princes.	1698 (1698)	Wing R151A; ESTC R32268	273,979	474

as high as the Moon or beyond the Ocean which he waded through to come to Iudea or that it is a separated ground hanging in the Air under the Moon from whence the four Rivers fall with violence and force through the Sea and rise again in our habitable World as Commestor dreamed and others That therefore the Truth might receive no prejudice God's Wisdom hath so carefully described the place for our easie finding as the choisest part of the Earth And if it be a generous mind to desire to know the Original of our Ancestors this search cannot be discommended § 5. Paradise is not so defaced by the Flood that it cannot be found as Augustinus Chrysamensis judged for though the Beauty of it be lost and Time has made it as a common Field in Eden yet eight hundred and seventy years after would not so particulary have described it nor the Prophets have mention'd Eden so often if the same could not be found or if the Rivers which in his time bear the Names were not the same of which Euphrates and Tigris were never doubted as the Country of Eden is yet well known As for the alteration made by the Flood changing the current of Rivers and raising of Mountains as some judge it is improbable for the Waters covered the Earth spherically and did not fall violently from higher places or come in with Storms ebbing and flowing which makes such choakings up of the mouths of Rivers The Waters then were raised by universal erruptions and by down right falls of Rain which use to scatter the strongest Winds Seth's Pillar erected 1426 year before as Antiquitiy reports and standing in Iosephus's days and the City under Libanus whose Ruins remained to Annius's days and by Berosus forged Fragments call'd Enochia built by Cain and the City Ioppa remaining after the Flood argue the Flood had no such effect to work such alteration when even Bay-Trees outstood it Antiquity also speaks of Baris and Sion on which the Fable is that Giants were saved which argueth their Judgment touching the Antiquity of Mountains See Psal. 90.1 2. § 6. Paradise was not the whole Earth as Manichus Vadianus Noviomagus and Goropius Becanus judged seeing the Text saith it was Eastward in Eden and the Angel was plac'd on the east side of Paradise and Adam was cast out of it not out of all the Earth Yet the Error of Ephrem Athanasius and Cyrill was greater that Paradise was beyond the Ocean through which Adam walked when he was cast out to return to the Earth of his Creation and was buried on Calvery § 7. Paradise by Bar-Cephas Beda Strabus and Rabanus was placed on a Mountain almost as high as the Moon neither did Rupertus differ much It seemeth they took it out of Plato and Socrates who mis-understood it no doubt took this Place for Heaven the Habitation of Blessed Souls after Death though for fear of the Areopagites they durst not set down in plain terms what they believed of that Matter And though in the end Socrates was put to death for acknowledging one only sufficient God yet the Devil himself did him that right to pronounce him the wisest Man As for the place in question Tertullian and Eusebius conceive that by it he meant the Celestial Paradise Solinus indeed reports of a place called Acrothonos upon Mount Atho pleasant and healthful whose Inhabitants are called Macrobioi long lived Upon the aforesaid Lunary Hill they say Enoch was preserved which Isidore and Lumbard approve and Tertullian Ireneus Iustin Martyr believed the Souls of blessed Men lived there which Fancies Hopkins and Pererius have Confuted As for the Bodies of Enoch and Elias they may be changed as others shall be at the last Day The School-men in this and their other Questions were exceeding subtle but yet taught their Followers to shift better than to resolve by their Distinctions The Fables of Olympus Atlas and Atho higher than any Clouds Pliny himself disproveth § 8. Tertullian Bonaventure and Durand place Paradise under the Equinoctial to which Aquinas opposeth the Distemper of Heat there But this is Non causa for causa the true Cause is Eden and the Rivers are not there else the Clime hath as pleasant fertile places as any other neither was any Region Created but for Habitation and those hot Countries are tempered by East Winds and long cool Nights as I well know only where Mountains hinder the Wind and in sandy Grounds void of Trees the Country is not so well Inhabited as the other parts which are so Fertile that the Inhabitants Idleness maketh them Vitious and the Countries to be Terrae Vitiosae § 9. Paradise not being in the former places we are certain it was in Eden not hard to have been found out had not Names been changed since Moses's days and that other Nations have sought to extinguish both the Name and Monuments of the Iews For our help we have Euphrates and Tigris agreed upon and that it was Eastward from Canaan which latter might agree with Arab●a Stony and Desart but the former cannot neither has it the property of being exceeding Fertile As for bordering Countries though Moses name none yet Esaiah and Ezekiel do and though that Amos name Eden which is Coelosyria and Beroaldus findeth a City there called Paradise yet can it not be the Eden we seek seeing Coelosyria and Cyprian Damascena is full North from Canaan and wants our known Rivers Come then to the Edomits in Thelassar and the rest named by Esaiah Thelassar was a strong City in an Island upon the Border of Chaldea on the River Euphrates towards the North which after Senacharib's death Merodach Balladan injoyning Babilonia fortified against Esar Haddon which City Marcellinus calls Thelatha Pliny Teridata which Iulian durst not assault The other places in Esaiah are either in Mesopotamia as Charan and Reseph or in Media as Gosan so Ezekiel setting out the Countries which traded with Tyrus joineth Charan with Eden as also Calne which Ierom calls Seleuiza standing upon Euphrates towards Tigris called also Canneh and the Inhabitants Schenits by Pliny who Inhabited from Seleucia on both sides Euphrates Westward to Coelosyria as far as Tapsachus where the River is Fordable Charan therefore cannot be Channeh the one standing on Euphrates the other on Chaboras which falleth into Euphrates far off in Mesopotamia Or Aran between the Floods Besides Channeh or Chalne is by Moses named in Shinar one of Nimrod's Cities Lastly Sheba and Rhaama upon the Persian Gulf traded with Tyrus by Tigris and so to Seleucia and so to Syria by Euphrates 'till they came to Aleppo or Hierapolis from whence they went by Land to Tyre and after decay to Tripoly and now to Alexandretta in the Bay of Issicus or Lajazzo Chalmad is also joined with Eden by Ezekiel a Region of higher Media N.E. of Eden called Coronitana by Geographers Thus Eden is bounded on the E. and N. E. by Elanah and Chalmad On the W.

that in Nebuchadnezzar's Seven Years of Madness Niglisar might govern by his Wife Nitocris's means Nebuchadnezzar's Daughter and Labassardach after him but slain after Nine Months presently before Nebuchadnezzar's Restauration CHAP. II. The Persians greatness how it grew § 1. THAT the Medes were chief in the overthrow of Babylon the infallible Witness of Two great Prophets maketh good Esa. 13 17. Ier. 51.11.28 according to which Iulius Africanus proveth Babel was taken before Cyrus began to Reign So that the Empire lost by Balthassar the last of Belochus's Line fell to Cyaxares or Darius Medus the last of Arbaces's Race who succeeded his Father Astyages c. § 2. Cyrus to whom alone the Greeks ascribe the Conquest of Babel was thought immediate Successor to Astyages by some who deny he had any other Son than this Cyrus Son of Mandane his Daughter Viginer also probably reasoneth that Astyages had no such Son as Darius being unknown to so many Authors there named But Negative Arguments from Authors are of no force and necessity Either Astyages must be Darius in Daniel 9. which his Time will not suffer or another Successor before Cyrus must be granted who for Life commanded all Yet in regard he was Old and followed not the Wars in Person but Cyrus as his Lieutenant did all the Greeks who heard only of him ascribed all to him as did the Persians in Honour to him who shortly brought all to them § 3. Xenophon's Report of the Wars between the Assyrians and the Medes and Persians The Assyrians having command of so many Countries desired to bring under the Medes and Persians Knowing therefore their great strength he perswaded Cro●sus the rich and strong King of Lydia to join with him which he easily yielded for the quarrel to the Medes who had warred against Alyattes his Father These together compose an Army of Two Hundred Thousand Foot and Sixty Thousand Horse but are overthrown by Darius and Cyaxares King of the Medes and Cyrus General of the Persian Forces and the Assyrian King slain so that many Assyrians revolted and Babylon was glad for her security to get mercenary strength while Cyrus pursueth his Victory to lesser Asia and took Croesus Prisoner After this followed the Attempt at Babylon Cyaxares bearing the Charge and Cyrus being Leader c. § 4. Achaemenes govern'd in Persia when Arbaces did the like in Media and both joined with Belochus against Sardanapalus and after held Persia for himself as the other did Media and Babylon yet Arbaces's absolute Command decayed 'till Deioces One hundred fortys year after when Salmanassar Reigned in Syria so that neither the Medes nor Persians found it fit to stir From Deioces to Astyages there past above Ninety years in which time Phraortes Reigned but not like to have Conquered Persia as Herodotus Writ For Susiana was under Daniel's Charge for Nebuchadnezzar who also would hardly have ventured into Syria and Egypt leaving such an Enemy on his Back It seemeth the Successors of Achaemenes did little worth remembring seeing in the Persian Greatness nothing was Published of their first Kings Xenophon reports the Crown descended from Father to Son many Descents and that Cambyses begot Cyrus so that the Story of Astyages's giving Mandane his Daughter to a base Man to disable her Issue whose Greatness he feared is improbable Two Races sprung from Achaemenes the First according to Reyneccius are Darius Cyrus First Cambyses Cyrus the Great Cambyses c. Of the Second Race came the Seven Princes who overthrew the Magi and chose Darius Son of Hystaspes one of them for King Persia first called Elemais of a Son of Shem c. Their City called Persepolis in the Second Book of Maccabees is called Elemais in the First Book and now Cyrus but Built in another place for that which Alexander destroyed at the request of the Harlot Thais The First Kingdom known to us according to the Interpreters of Gen. 14. was Chedorlaomer with whom Amraphel or Ninus joined in the War against the Arabians CHAP. III. Of Cyrus the First Persian Monarch § 1. CYRVS saith Strabo was so called of the River which watereth Persia Herodotus saith it signifies a Father Plutarch saith the Son Esai named him almost Two Hundred years before He Conquered Lydia and took Croesus before Babylon which he won in the Fifty Fifth Olympiad and in the Twenty Eighth Olympiad upon a Rebellion subdued it again § 2. Lydia had Lydus the Son of Atys her first King which Family was extinguished Argon descended from Hercules was chose by the Oracle and held Twenty two Generations to Candaulus the last Gyges succeeded him in Bed and Kingdom which he left to Atys Father of Sadiattes Father of Halyattes who begat Croesus All their time was One Hundred Seventy years Croesus so inlarged his Dominion that he was Inferiour to no King of that Age commanding Phrygia Bythynia Caria Misia Paphlagonia c. He in confidence of his good Success envying Cyrus's Fame and desirous to check his Prosperous Undertakings asked Counsel of Apollo Then Darius who assured Croesus passing Halis's River shall dissolve a great Dominion An Answer doubtful because the Devil was Ignorant of the Event § 3. Croesus thus resolved despised all Sandanes his Consellor's Arguments to the contrary as the Barrenness of the Enemies Country their hard manner of Living War-like Indefatigable and Prosperous by whose Fall he can gain only Fame wherein he excelled and if he were Beaten his Loss could be hardly told or soon conceived Croesus proceeds with a powerful Army but is staid at Pterium a strong City of Capadocia which he sought to force while Cyrus advanc'd Cratippus answer'd Pompey well That Kingdoms have their Increase and Periods from Divine Ordinance and so was it with these two great Princes whose Forces meeting the Persians had somewhat the better but Night parted them Croesus doubtful of the next days Success quit the Field to Cyrus and with all haste got into Sardis and because of Winter sent home his Forces not doubting any persuit Cyrus finding the Lydians gon followed slowly after to avoid discovering and having good Intelligence of Croesus's proceedings delay'd 'till the Forces were dispos'd to their Winter Garrison when unexpectedly he invested Sardis and in fourteen days forced it Croesus thrusting in among the multitude was ready to be slain had not his dumb Son forced by Passion cried Spare Croesus who thereupon was brought to Cyrus who judged him to be burnt Being upon the heap of Wood he cryed out O Solon Solon Solon and upon urging to declare what he meant answer'd That he found Solon's words true That no Man knew his own Happiness 'till his End Cyrus hearing thereof called for him remembring his own Mortality forgave him and ever after used him as a King and Companion Xenophon Reports that Cyrus used him so without speaking of the purpose of burning belike thinking it a Cruelty unworthy Cyrus so to use his Great Unkle by his Grandmother

from Night but with reference to the Sun's Creation in which this dispersed Light was united v. 14. 'till when there was no Motion to be measur'd by Time So that the Day named v. 5. was but such a space as after by the Sun's motion made a natural Day As then the Earth and the Waters were the Matter of the Air Firmament upper and lower Waters and of the Creatures therein so may the Light be called the Material Substance of the Sun and other Lights of Heaven How beit neither the Sun nor other Heavenly Bodies are that Light but the Sun is enlightned by it most of all other and by it the Moon and so the next Region which the Greeks call Aether the supposed Element of Fire is affected and by it all Bodies living in this our Air. And though the nature of Light be not yet understood yet I suppose the Light Created the First Day was the substance of the Sun though it had not formal Perfection Beauty Circle and bounded Magnitude 'till the Fourth Day when dispersed Light was united and fixed to a certain place after which it had Life and Motion and from that time separated Day from Night So that what is said of the Day before was by Anticipation for 'till the Creatures were produced God's Wisdom found no Cause why Light should move or give heat or operation § 8. Firmament between the Waters is the extended distance between the Sea and Waters in the Earth and those in the Clouds ingendred in the superiour Air This Firmament in which the Birds flye is also called Heaven in Scripture Gen. 49.25 Psal. 104.18 Mat. 8.26 The Crystalline Heaven Basil calls Childish § 9. God having Created the Matter of all things and distinguished every general Nature and given their proper Form as Levity to what should ascend and Gravity to what should descend and set each in his place in the three first Days in the three last he beautified and furnish'd them with their proper kinds as the Sun Moon and Stars in the higher Firmament of Heaven Fowls in the Air Fishes in the Waters Beasts on the Earth giving generative power for continuation of their Kinds to such as in the Individuals should be subject to decay or needed increase § 10. Nature is an operating Power infused by God into every Creature not any self-ability to be the Original of any thing of it self no more than the Helm can guide the Ship without an Hand or an Hand without Judgment All Agents work by virtue of the first Act and as the Eye seeth Ear heareth c. yet it is the Soul which giveth Power Life and Motions to these Organs So it is God which worketh by Angels Men Nature Stars or infus'd Properties as by his Instruments all second Causes being but Conduits to convey and disperse what they have received from the Fountain of the Universal It is God's infinite Power and Omnipotence that giveth Power to the Sun and all second Causes and to Nature her self to perform their Offices which operative Power from God being once stopp'd Nature is without Virtue Things flourish by God said Orpheus I endeavour not to destroy those various Virtues given by God to his Creatures for all his Works in their Virtues praise him but how he works in or by them no Man could ever conceive as Lactantius confounding the Wisdom of Philosophers denyed that all their study had found it for could the precise Knowledge of any thing be had then of necessity all other things might be known § 11. Destiny might safely be admitted but for the inevitable necessity even over Mens Minds and Wills held by Stoicks Chaldeans Pharisees Priscilianists c. Hermes and Apuleius conceived well That Fate is an obedience of second Causes to the First Plotinus calls it a disposing from the Acts of the Celestial Orbs working unchangeably in inferiour Bodies which is true in things not ordered by a rational Mind Fate is that which God hath spoken concerning us say the Stoicks Seneca Ptolomy And no doubt Stars are of a greater use than to give an obscure Light neither are the Seasons of Winter and Summer so certain in Heat and Cold by the motions of Sun and Moon which are so certain but the working of the Stars with them God hath given Virtues to Springs Plan●● Stones c. yea to Excrements of base Creatures Why then should we rob the Beautiful Stars of working power being so many in Number and so eminent in Beauty and Magnitude The Treasure of His Wisdom who is so Infinite could not be short in giving them their peculiar Virtues and Operations as he gave to Herbs Plants c. which adorn the Earth As therefore these Ornaments of the Earth have their Virtue to feed and cure so no doubt those Heavenly Ornaments want not their further use wherein to serve his Divine Providence as his just Will shall please to determine But in this question of Fate let us neither bind God to his Creatures nor rob them of the Office he hath given them If second Causes restrain God or God by them inforce Man's Mind or Will then wicked Men might lay the fault on God § 12. Prescience or Fore-knowledge if we may speak of God after the manner of Men goeth before his Providence for God infallibly foreknew all things before they had any Being to be cared for yet was it not the Cause of things following nor did it impose a Necessity § 13. Providence is an intellectual Knowledg Foreseeing Caring for and Ordering all things Beholding things past present and to come and is the Cause of their so being and such we call Provident who considering things Past and comparing them with the Present can thereby with Judgment provide for the Future § 14. Predestination we distinguish from Prescience and Providence these belong to all Creatures from the highest Angel to the basest Worm but this only concerns Mens Salvation in the common use of Divines or Perdition according to some Augustine sets it out by two Cities one predestinated eternally to reign with God the other to everlasting Torments Calvin Beza Buchanus and the like are of the same Opinion Why it pleased God to create some Vess●ls to honour some to dishonour though the Reason may be hid unjust it cannot be § 15. Fortune the God of Fools so much Reverenced and as much Reviled falleth before Fate and Providence and was little known before Homer and Hesiod who taught the Birth of those humane Gods have not a Word of this new Goddess which at length grew so potent that she ordered all things from Kings and Kingdoms to the Beggar and his Cottage She made the Wise miserable and prospered Fools and Man's life was but her Pastime This Image of Power was made by Ignorants who ascribed that to Fortune of which they saw no manifest Cause Yet Plato taught That nothing ever came to pass under the Sun of which there was not a just

the Gallo-Grecians upon the River Halis who took all they had and went up to the Mountains Olympus and Margaena hoping the Consul either would not follow or be easily repelled But in both they were deceived being unfurnished with Arrows or Slings or defensive Armour and so in the end were forced to throw themselves off the Rocks leaving to the Romans all that Wealth which they had gotten by long robbing their Neighbours He forced Ararathes and others to submit from whom he also drew what he could get Finally having sworn the Peace of Antiochus and taken an Oath of his Embassadours for him to take his way Home by Hellespont loaden with rich Spoils and accordingly passing through Thrace he was eased of the carriage of no small part not without the instigation of Philip grown very uneasie with the Romans for not respecting him according to his Deserts as he thought But the Consuls at their return to Rome triumphed and Manlius was charged with sending his Armies over Taurus the fatal Bounds of Rome according to the Sybills Prophesie Yet Lucullus and Pompey led the Roman Army over those Hills with Manlius when he deferred Triumph there being an hot Inquisition in the City by the Tribunes against the Scipio's as not having brought into the Treasury what was gotten in their Victories This indignity so offended Publius Scipio that he left the City and never returned redeemed his Brethren and his Goods were all confiscated After this Manlius brought into the Treasury as much as made the last Payment of the Money borrowed of Private Men in the Punick War Thus began the Civil War of the Tongue in the Roman pleading Security from danger abroad and sufficient employment kindling this fire at Home which caught hold upon that great Worthy to whose Virtue Rome was so much indebted But these Factions did not long contain themselves within the hea● of words but when Men found themselves over-matched at the Weapon of the Tongue whose Art in leading the multitude was grown to perfection they turned to open Hands by Prays in Streets and after by Battels in open Fields which in three Generations after overthrew the insolent Rule both of Senate and People CHAP. VI. Of the second Macedonian War ANtiochus being Overthrown Philip Eumenes and all Greece seemed to be Free Men and Govern by their own Laws but indeed were absolute Vassals to Rome which of the five Prerogatives of an absolute Monarch or Sovereign Power viz. To make Laws Magistrates Peace and War Coyn Money and receive Appeals the Romans had assumed four especially the greatest which is Appeals and in the other three interposed her self at Pleasure Yet Eumenes living far off and the Neighbour Nations not well subdued and obedient to Rome he was long unquestioned of any thing as was also Masanissa Philip's Temper was more noble as he which had not forgot his own former Greatness Honour of his Family and the high Reputation of his Kingdom His Magnanimity is construed Want of Reverence to the Roman Greatness so that upon the complaint of Eumenes and the States of Thessaly he must depart leaving even those places he had Conquered by the Consent of Rome Lisimachia the chief City in Thrace having been assistant in Philip's Usurpation was destroyed by the Thracians and Reedified by Antiochus after he had won Chersonesus both which the Romans bestowed upon Eumenes To these Aenus and Maronea had belonged both gotten by Philip and Fortified for Guard of his Kingdom against the Barbarous Thracians which now Eumenes beggeth but the People of these places endeavour their own Freedom from both This design of the Maronites so provoked Philip that by Cassander one of his Men in Maronea directed by Onomastus his Warden of the Sea Coast the Thracians were let into the Town which was sackt by them And when Cassander at the Romans demand was to be sent to Rome to be examined about it he was Poisoned by the Way according to Machivel's Rule Philip hereby grew further into question at Rome but sent Demetrius his Son who had been Hostage there and obtained the favour for him to answer In the mean time the Roman Embassadour which had judged between him and his Neighbours passing through Greece hears of a Controversie between the Achaeans and Lacedemonians which Lycortus the Achaean Praetor told Appius Claudius boldly that it was strange that the Romans should call their faithful Allies to account as if they were Vassals Appius answered like a Roman Lord and threatned to force them and shortly after the Senate made void all Judgments of Death or Banishment given by the Achaeans against the Lacedemonians And made it a question whether Lacedemon should not be made a free State as of Old Into this Slavery had the Romans brought all the States near them which had desired their Patronage and made them groan under the Yoke Demetrius returned to his Father with desired Peace more for his own sake than his Fathers as they wrote to Philip which made the Son insolent and the Father to hate both them and him § 2. Messene which had been annexed to the Achaean Commonwealth against their Wills grew bold upon the Romans Peremptory dealing with the Achaeans designing to fall off in hope to become a free State again Philopoemen Praetor of Achaea Levied Forces in haste to meet Dinocrates the Messenian Captain and forced him to retire till a fresh Supply coming from Messene compelled him to retreat in which labouring to make Way for his Horsemen himself weak with former Sickness was dismounted taken and carried to Messene where Dinocrates seeing him so generally affected hastned his Death by an Hangman which brought him a Cup of Poison Hannibal about the same time was with Prusias King of Bythinia to whom T. Quintius was sent to demand him as the most spiteful Enemy of Rome wherein the wretched King intending to give the Romans satisfaction set a Guard about Hannibal's Lodgings who seeing himself beset took a Poison which he always carried about him and so Died exclaiming against the Romans degenerating from the Virtue of their Ancestors who would not consent to the Poisoning of Pyrrhus their Enemy and against the Treachery of Prusias betraying his Guest contrary to the Honour of a King and the Laws of Hospitality and Faith given Publius Scipio died the same Year to accompany Philopoemen and Hannibal Being as great Generals as ever the World had but as Unfortunate as Famous Had Hannibal whose Tragedy we have endeavoured only some hints of been Prince of Carthage able to command such supplies as the War he took in hand required it is probable he had torn up the Roman Empire by the Roots But the strong Cowardly Factions of Enemies at Home made his great Virtue wanting Publick Force to sustain it to dissolve it self in his own and Countries Calamity From such Envy of Equals or jealousie of our Masters whether Kings or Commonwealths it is that no Profession is more