hée both shortned and also enlarged the way accordinge to his owne will hee also said they set vp some hilles and threw downe other and this was he said they that first created the Indians but this Creator with a displeasure that hée tooke with his People of the Playnes conuerted their countrey into Sande and commaunded that it should neuer Rayne in those Playnes Yet in the mittigacion of his wrath hee sente them out of the Mountaynes the Riuers to comfort them This their God was called among them Con who was aâ—cordinge to their opinion the childe of the Sunne and the Moone and this Con was helde for their God whom they honoured and worshipped and it was hée said they that did maintayne them with earbes and siluester fruites But afterward out of the South came a great God called Pachacama who propperly was called Creator who also was the childe of the Sunne and Moone but after his comming their God Con vanished away and left hiâ— people without a Captayne by meane wherof Pachacama conuerted theÌ„ into Foule Apes Cats Beares Lyons Parrattes and sundrye other kinde of Foules which now abound in that countrey and hee it was say they that created the Indians which are at this day and gaue them industry to plâ—ugh the ground and to plant Trees hee was onely holden for God and all the principall men which deceased in that countrey were caryed to be buryed in the Prouince which is called Pachancama after his name In which Prouince his cheefe abyding was and standeth foure leagues from the city of y e Kinges This God Pachacama abode among theÌ„ till the comming of the Christians into Peru and after their comming be neuer more appeared wherupon it is thought that it was some deuil which made them beleue all those vanities These Indians hold opinion that there was in time past an vniuersall flood at which time their auncesters escaped in caâ—es which they had buylt for that purpose in the highe hilles where and before the flood they had layde in theyr prouision of victualles And when they went into those canes they dammed vp the little doores wherat they entred to defend them from the water And when they vnderstoode that the water vanished away they first put out their dogs and when they returned vnwet then were they sure that the flood was past and then came they out of their caues Also they say that with the moysture which remayned of the flood came the snakes to breede which did greatly annoy theÌ„ â—owbeit in proces of time they were destroyed Also it is most true that they had intelligence of the generall flood but they knew not that Noe did escape in the Arke with seueÌ„ persons which did againe replenish the worlde but they imagined that they escaped in the Caues as before is declared but yet their flood mought be particuler as was the flood of Deucalion They beléeue also that the world shall haue an ende but before the end say they shall come a great drought and shall not rayne in many yeares and to prouide for that time of necessitie the Noble men had great large houses built to kéepe their Graine in store against the time of drought Whan the Sun or Moone is eclipsed than they make a terrible cry with feare thinking that the last day is comen and that all shall perishe they beléeue assuredly that the Sun the Moone shall lose their light euen as whan either of them is eclipsed Of the Rites and Sacrifices of the Indians vsed among them in Peru. Chap. 11. THis people adore and worship the Sun and the Moone for Gods and the earth for their Mother in stead of y e sun they haue in their Temples certaine stones which they worship and are called Guacas which is the name of mourninge and wéepinge and euen so they wéepe when they enter into their Temples they presume not to come neare their Guacas or Idolles but onely such as are Ministers appointed for that seruice and those priests or ministers ware white garments when they make intercession to those Idols then take they certain white clothes in their hands prostrating themselues on the ground they make their supplicatioÌ„s to the idols in such a language that y e other Indians vnderstand not These priests also receaued such offerings as was offered to the idols buried the same in the temple for the offrings were alwaies either gold or siluer or images made like vnto the thing which ech person most desired Those priests vsed to sacrifice both men cattel but in the harts lights of men after they are taken out of the bodies they behold and marke certain signes tokens and the like of beasts and vntil they finde the signe which they seke for they cease not to kilâ— both man beast for say they vntill we finde the signes that we looke for our gods are not pleased w t our sacrifice Those priestes did seldome go abroad into the town nor yet lie with any woman in the time of sacrifice and al the night long they ceased not crying out with loud voyces inuocating y e deuils in the fields whâ—ras this Guacas were of which ther was many for vnto euery Indians house appertained a Guaca But when they should talke w t the deuil they first fast sow vp their eye lids yea some breake their eies because they are excéeding deuout in their wicked horrible blinde religion Their Cascikes or noble men doe take nothing in hand without they first consult with the idol priests or speking more plainly with the deuil The Spaniards found in many of those temples of the Sun certain great earthen vessels ful of dried children which had beene sacrificed And among those péeces of siluer gold which were found among those Guacas were also found cros staues and miters naturally like vnto those which bishops vse and some images had the like miters on their heads When father Thomas de Verlango bishop de tierra firme came into Peru there hauinge his Miter on his head at deuine seruice y e Indians thought verily that he was a Guaca and demaunded if he were y e Guaca of the Christians They did also many times enquire to what purpose they vsed the miter but they could yeld no reason for it sauing that it was an ornameÌ„t of great antiquitie Beside this Guacas throughout Peru were many houses or monasteries wherin a great number of wemeÌ„ were dedicated to the Sun These wemeÌ„ after they were once entred into those houses they neuer came forth againe but there coÌ„tinued spinning weauing very good cloth of cotton wool shéepes wool And when their cloth was wrought and finished they burned the same with y e bones of white sheepe and then tooke the ashes threw them into the aire toward the Sun These wemen liued chaste but if by hap any offended against chastitie they slew her for her labour but
contayne .15 and 16â— palmes or spannes from the point of whinge to whinge these Buytres féede vpon Zeales when they come on Lande to sléepe and refresh them selues than come the Buytres and season some on the feete and some on the tayle and lay such holde on him that hee cannot stirre whilest other plucke out his eyes and then they féede on the carkas there is another sort of foule called Alcatraces which are like vnto Hens although much excéeding in greatnes for his throat will holde three gallons of corne of those all along the coast of the South Sea are aboundance at the leaste for the space of two thousand leagues and more the chiâ—fe feeding of these foules are fâ—â—h They haue also another marueylous propertie which is They will smell the carkas of a dead man a farre of so that they wil enter thirty and forty leagues into the land to séeke the dead bodies The flesh of these foules are of a marueylous euil smell and â—ath happened that some for want of foode haue eaten of them whereof they haue dyed as of a rancke poyson Here before is declared how in these mountaines there rayneth hayleth and snoweth and in fine extreme in colde yet notwithstanding from those high hilles are valleyes descending so deepe that it may be thought incredible to some to speake thereof In which valâ—eys the heate also is marueylous and there groweth a certeine herbe called Coca which the Indians doe estéeme more then golde or siluer the leaues whereof are like vntâ— Zumake the vertue of this herbe knowen by experieÌ„ce is that any hauing of those leaues in his mouth hath neuer hunger nor thirst In some places of those mountaines are no trées at all so that wayfaring men which passe that way vse to make their fire of turâ—es which they finde excéeding good for that purpose There are also vaynes of earth of sundrie coloures and vaynes of golde and Plate wherof the Indians had vnderstandinge and coulde melte the same better and with lesse coste than the Christians they also vsed in the high hilles to make litle Fornaces with their mouthes toward the Meridian wheras the winde most ordinary doth blow and then they lay in the same Fornaces the mettal with Shéepes doung coales so that the winde doth kindle the fier and the mettal melteth and cindreth the Golde and Siluer and yet vnto this day is seene the great aboundance of Siluer which in this sort is molten in the Mynes of Potosi which coulde not otherwise bee wrought with Bellowes so y t the Indians are the chéefe melters with their small furnaces which they cal Guayras in their Language and is as much as to saye as winde because the winde doth kindle their Fornaces This countrey is so fruitful that it yéeldeth for one bushell of Wheate sowen 150. yea and sometime 200. and an hundred for one is ordenary although they haue no Ploughes to till the ground but vse to turne it vp with shouels and so the Indians vse to sow and likewise they make holes in the ground with a woodden Pin and put therin Wheat in such sorte as they vse to set Beanes in Spayne All kinde of Gardaine carbes prospereth excéedingly the Indians foode is chéefely boyled Maiz and toastedâ— in lue of bread and Deare â—lesh dried also drye fishe and sundry kindes of Rootes which they call Iuca and Aâ—is Amotes Papas and such like with many kinde of earbes They also vse a certaine kinde of Beueredge in stead of Wine which they make of Maiz the manner is they lay their Maiz in water in certaine earthen Uessels which they keepe vnder earth and there it voyleth and besides the whole Maiz they put therunto a certaine quantity of ground Maiz the which one Neighbour lendeth to another as wee vse to lende Leuen for Bread They hold opinion y t the standing water maketh better and more stronger beueredge than the running water This drinke is commonly called Chicha in the Ilande Language and in the Peru spéeche it is called Acisa of this drinke there is both white and red according to the colour of y e graine wherof it is made But it is of greater force then any Wine to ouercome the braine to make drunkardes but yet notwithstandinge if the Indians may haue Spanish Wine they would not care for their owne naturall drinke They vse also another sorte of drinke made of a small fruite which grow vpon certaine Trees called Molles this drinke is not so precious as the Chicha ¶ Of the Citties of Christians which are in the Mountaines of Peru. Chap. 9. IN the Mountaines of Peru are sundry places of habitacion of Christians which begin at the Cittie of Quito which standeth foure degrees beyond the Equinoctiall this Cittie in times past was a pleasante thinge and plentifull of corne and cattell and in the yeare of 1544. and 45. there was discouered ritch Mynes of Gold wherupoÌ„ the Cittie began to inlarge his bowndes with inhabitants and flourished vntill the fury of the cruell warres among the Spanyardes begon which was the cause that the most parte of all the Cittizens were slayne by the handes of Gonsalo Pisarro and his Captaines because they did both fauour serue the Uize-roy Blasco Nunez Vela all the time that he there aboade as hereafter perticularly shalbe declared From this Cittie is no poblation of Christians in the Mountaines vntill you come to the Prouince of the Bracamoros which was discouered by Captaine Ihon Porsell and Captaine Vergara who built there certaine Uillages to the intent that from thence they ment to discoâ—er forwardes But these Uillages came to ruine because Gonsalo Pisarro toke those Captaines and their men to ayde him in his Warres This Discouery was first taken in hande by the order and consent of the lycenciat Vaca de Castro who was gouernour of that Prouince aâ—d sent Captayne Porsell by the coast of Saint Mighell and farther vp into the Mayne hee sent Vergara by the Prouince of the Chachapoyas thinking that they should haue made their entries by seuerall places although it so happened that both the sayd Captaynes met in their iorney and fell to discorde about their Discouery concerning to which of them it should appertaine so that they were both sente for by the Gouernour Vaca de Castro to pacifie and take order in the causes of their contencion so that they were of the first Captaynes that were at the beginninge of the Warres in the Cittie of the Kinges in the seruice of the Uice-roy and after that the sayd Uice-roy was taken prisoner they abode with Gonsalo Pisarro and left of their procéeding in the Discouery This discoâ—ery reached 160. leagues from the Citie of Quito along the mountaines so that other 80. leagues forward standeth the Prouince called Chicapoyas wheâ—e is a Towne of Christians intituled Leuanto and is a fruitfull soyle for all kinde of victuall and hath also reasonable rich
Mitimaes Out of euery Prouince throughout his whole DominioÌ„ they brought yerely vnto their prince certein tribute of such things as the countrey yealded in so much that in some barrain soiles where no good commoditie grew yet from thence they sent yerely also to the king in token of duetie obedience certain loades called burthens of litle Lizarts as far as 300. leagues from cusco This Prince Guaynacaua did réedifie the Temple of the sun which was of old time fouÌ„ded in the citie of Cusco séeled the Roofes and walles thereof with boordes of siluer and golde And because a certaine noble maÌ„ which â—welled in the playnes had rebelled against him called chimocappa who was a man of great possession and had more then one hundred leagues of ground he went personally against him slew him in the field coÌ„maunded that from thenceforth no IndiaÌ„ of the plaines should at any time were weapon which oâ—der is kept vntill this day yet notwithstanding his successor enioyed through the Princes fauour y e prouince of chimo where at this present standeth the citie of Trugillio Guaynacaua and his father toke an order for the breeding of cattaile by meane whereof the couÌ„trey was wel prouided out of the which they payd tithing which they sacrificed to the sun The chiefe cause of the estimation of gold amoÌ„g the Indians was because the king made al the vessell for the seruice of his court of that mettal and also Iewels for his person offerings for the Temple The king had alwaies a chaire of gold caried with him to sit in of 16. carrets in fines which was estéemed at 25000 dukets this chaire was one of the things y e Don Francisco Pisarro chose for his iewel at the time of y e conquest For according to the articles of agréement betwéene his Maiestie him was agreed that of y e best Iewels which should be found or taken at any victorye hee should haue one out of y e first choise of the whole treasure At y e birth of the first manchild which Guaynacaua had he coÌ„maÌ„ded a cable of gold wier to be made in remeÌ„brance of y e birth of his sonne that was of such greatnes as many IndiaÌ„s do affirme which are as yet liuing that 200. strong men could scarcely lift or beare and also in remembrance of this memorable iewel he named his soÌ„ne Guasca which in y e IndiaÌ„ spéech is called a cable or great rope added therunto for his sirname Inga which is as much to say as Emperour This example I thought good to declare in this place for to conuince an opinion which is held in Spayne among such as know not the fashions of India and was how that people esteemed no golde nor yet knew the valew therof although it is true that they had many straÌ„ge vessels wrought of siluer and golde and also images of men wemen sheepe and many other kinde of beasts and sundry kindes of herbes wrought in the same metall of exceeding cunning workmanship Of the estate of the warres when the Spaniards came into Peru. Chap. 15. ALthough the principal intent of this Historie was to set out the things hapned to the Spaniards which at that time conquered the land and of their discouery since But sithens this could not wel be done without touching somewhat of the estate of the Indians which then ruled And also that it may be vnderstood it was the diuine permission that the Spaniards should come thither at such time as the land was deuided into two parcialities for otherwise it wold haue séemed not only difficult but also almost impossible Therefore I will recite in briefe the estate which the Spaniards found the countrey in at their arriual After that Guaynacaua had brought into subiection to great a number of Prouinces to his Empire for y e space of 500. Leagues accounting from Cusco westward hée then determined to goe in person to conquere the Prouince of Quito in the vttermost part whereof finished his dominion So that he prouided on his iorney thitherward with a great armye and being come thither and hauing finished and quyeted that Prouince he delighted much in that countrey because it was a pleasant Soyle and holesome for his complection whereupon hee abode there a great space leuing in the citie of Cusâ—o certain of his Sonnes and Daughters amonge whom was his eldest sonne called Guascar Inga Mango Inga and Paulo Inga and diuerse others And in Quito hee married another Wife Daughter vnto the Lorde of that Countrey and of her hee begot a Sonne called Atabaliba who hee loued excéedinglye so that now hée determined to returne to Cusco leauinge his Sonne with a Tutor in Quito but in this returne hee found the Calsey in the Mountayne broken and spoyled as herebefore hath béene declared After hee had abode in Cusco certaine yeares hee determined to returne againe to Quito not onely because that Countrey contented him much but also with desire to sée his Wife and young Sonne whom he loued more than any other of his Children and this Iorney hee tooke in hande by the highe waye that was made in the Playnes and from this time forward hee retourned no more to Cusco but abode all his life time in Quito gaue that Land or Prouince which hee had with force conquered to his Sonne Atabaliba because the same had béen of his Grandfathers Whan Guaynacaua died his Sonne Atabaliba tooke pocession of his Armye and of all his Fathers ritches which were in that Prouince although his greatest treasure was lefte in his Treasury in the Cittie of Cusco in the custody of his eldest Sonne vnto whom Atabaliba sente Embassadors giuinge him to vnderstand the decease of his Father and also submittinge himselfe to his obedience beséechinge his Maiesty that hée would ratifie the gift of his Prouince of Quito which the Father of them both had left vnto him considering that that Prouince of Quito was conquered by their Father after the maryage with his Mother and moreouer the Lande came by his Mother and Auncestors and was not pertayning to the Crowne of cusco or his inheritance Guascar made answere that hée should come to Cusco and render vp vnto him the Army and in so dooinge hee would giue vnto such Landes as should maintaine him like a man but the state of Quito hée shoulde not haue because it was the vttermost part of his Kingdome and from thence hée ment to conquer forward and alwaies there to maintayne a Garrison as a Frontier And if vpon this warninge hee refused to come vnto him that then hée would bend his power against him as an open enemy Atabaliba tooke counsell vpon this matter with two of his Fathers Captaynes who were both wise and valyant in the Warres The one was called Quizquiz and the other cilicuchima who counsailed that hee should not abide his Brothers comminge but that it might please him to begin to take that
on euery side how be it Hernando Pisarro and his brethren defended his assaulte like valliant gentlemen with many other Capitaines and approued good Souldiars whiche were within the Citie especialâ—y Gabrâ—ell de Rojas Hernando Ponso de Leon Don Alanso Henriquez and the Treasorer Requelme and many others who vnarmed them selues neither daie nor night and did assuredly beleeue that the Gouernor and all the other Spanyardes were slaine by the Indians because thei had knowledge that all the lande had rebelled and were occupied in the warres So that these valliant minded men fought so manfully as men that expected no humaine succour but onely put their trust in the helpe from GOD alone although thei daiely deminished by the handes of the Indians In the meane while that the warre and siege endured Gonsalo Pisarro with other twentie horsemen came out of the Citie to vewe the siege and proceded forwarde till thei came to the Lake called Chinichera whiche stoode fiue leagues distant from the Citie where the enemies came so thicke and thronged vppon hym who although he aâ—d his companie fought valliauntly yet thei had yelded if Hernando Pisarro and Alonso de Turo had not rescued them with an other companie of horsemen because GoÌ„salo had entered too farre emong the enemies whiche he did with greater courage then wisedome How Don Diego de Almagro came with his power vpon Cusco and tooke prisoner Hernando Pisarro Chapt. 4. HEre before hath been declared how Iuan de Herrada caried into the prouince of Chili to Don Diego de Almagro the prouision which the Emperor had graunted to hym concernyng his newe gouernation whiche did extend beyond the limites of DoÌ„ Francisco Pisarro his graunt wherevpon he determined to returne from his pretended discouerie of Chili and to take the Citie of Cusco into his power to whiche purpose the gentlemen whiche were in his coÌ„panie encouraged hym to make all the hast possible especially Gomes de Aluarado brother to Don Pedro de Aluarado and his Uncle Diego de Aluarado and Rodrigo Orgonios emong whom some desired the reparation of the Citie and Countrey and other coueâ—ed to bee alone in the gouernation of Chili so that to bryng this matter to passe thei deuised to cause their interpretars to proclaime that Don Francisco Pisarro and all his companie of Spanyardes were slaine by the Indians whiche had rebelled who had likewise vnderstandyng of the rebellion of Inga So that now Don Diego tooke this enterprise in hande and when he was come within sixe leagues of Cusco without giuing knowledge to HernaÌ„do Pisarro of his commyng he wrote to Inga promisyng to pardon all that was paste if he would become his freend and assist hym in his pretended purpose alledgyng moreouer that all the lande appertainyng to Cusco was within the precinct of his gouernement wherefore his meanyng was to possesse the same But Inga deceiptfully sent hym woorde that he should come personally and talke with hym and so he did with suspition of some deceipte wherefore he lefte some of his menne with Iuan de Sayauedra and tooke the reste with hym But when Inga espied tyme conuenient he sette vppon hym with suche a vehement courage that Don Diego was glad to retire In the meane season HernaÌ„do Pisarro hauyng knowledge of his commyng went to visite Iuan de Sayauedra at his Campe and mought haue taken hym prisoner if he had would as the Citezens of Cusco had counsailed hym to doe but he would not rather when he had spoken with hym he retourned backe vnto the Citie without the giuyng vnto him of any vngentle language How be it Iuan de Sayauedra reported afterward that he had offered vnto hym 5000. poyzes in gold to deliuer into his power all the men whiche were in his companie and that he refused the money When Don Diego was retourned from Inga he came with all his armie in the sight of the Citie with his Ensignes spread where he tooke fower horsemen whiche Hernando Pisarro had sent to talke with hym he also sent to require the state and Cheef Magistrates of the Citie to receiue hym for their gouernour accordyng to the Emperours letters Patentes graunted to hym whiche were ready to bee seen The saied Magistrates made answere saiyng that he should cause the limittes of his graunt to be measured with Don Francisco Pisarro and wheÌ„ it should be verified that the Citie of Cusco should fall out of the league of grounde specified in the graunt of Don Francisco then would thei yeelde to his request and also obeye hym as reason and duetie should require But their wise and gentle aunswere was neuer performed By meane whereof after did followe suche greate damage slaughter and discorde betwene these twoo valliaunt Captaines and although sundrie tymes thei mette to measure by line the lande that should appertaine to eche of them yet thei neuer agreed vpon the cause For sometymes thei would saie that the leagues of lande appertainyng to the gouernation of Don Francisco should bee measured a long the Sea coste acceptyng into the reconyng all Creekes Bayes and croked heade landes or Capes Others helde opinion that the measure should bee by lande acceptyng likewise into the accompte all croked waies whiche of force were to bee gonne almoste circular and not directly straight So that by eche of these twoo reconynges the gouernement of Don Francisco did finishe a greate waie before thei could come to Cusco yea some saied before thei could come to the Citie of Kynges But Don Francisco pretended that their opinions were not iuste nor lawfull in that forme of measuring but rather saied he that thei should measure according to the rules of the altitude of the Sunne allowing the due nomber of leagues to euery degree beginnyng at the Equinoctiall line accordyng to Astronomers reconyng in the Northe and Southe course by the superior line and in so doyng the Citie should fall into the iursdiccion of Pisarro But bee it as maie bee for as yet vntill this daie the matter was neuer agreed vpon that is to saie whether the Citie of Cusco doeth fall into the newe Castile or in the newe Toledo although sundrie tymes bothe Pilotes and learned GeometriciaÌ„s hath met to decide the cause especially the Licenciall Vaca de Castro who had a perticular CoÌ„mission touchyng that matter and as yet sentence was neuer pronounced But now letting this discord ceasse returnyng again to the Historie Hernando Pisarro sent woorde vnto Don Diego that he would prepare a certaine parte of the Citie for hym and his retine we to lodge in and in the meane while he would aduertise his brother Don Francisco of his demaunde who at that instaunt was abiding in the Citie of the Kyngs to the intent that some order might be taken betweene them consideryng that thei were bothe freendes and companions And to treate of this matter some doe affirme that truce was taken vpon that condition so that vnder that conclusion eche one held him self to
dispatched backe againe with this aunswere the Estate of the Cittie calling to remembraunce howe Gomer de Tordoya who was one of the chéefest of Councell of the Cittie was at that instaunt recreating him selfe abroade in the Countrey They agréede to send aduertisement vnto him of all the procéedinges of Don Diego but it so happened that theyr Messenger mette him comming towarde the Cittie and when they had enfourmed him of theyr Message he hauing a Merlin Hawke vpon his fyst wrested the head from the body saying from henceforwarde it is more conuenient to exercise Feates of Warre then to goe a Hawking And comming towarde the Citie he entred in the night season where secretly he dealt with the Estate of the Citie in Councell what was most necessarie to be done and then he departed agayne to the place where Captayne Castro was with whome he concluded to sende a Messenger to Pedro Asueres Lieutenaunt of Charcas to wyll him to ryse on the behalfe of his Maiestie and then the sayde Gomer de Tordoya with all his power went after Pedro Aluarez Holguin who was gone with a hundred men to encounter with certayne Indians and with good happe he ouertooke him at which méeting he certified him of the newes at Cusco beséeching him to accept the charge of so iuste and honourable an Enterpryse as to be theyr generall and chéefe Ruler ouer theyr Hoste in consideration whereof he also offered to be his Soldiour and the first man that should obey him Upon which request Pedro Aluares accepted the charge incontinent spread his Ensigne in the behalfe of his Maiestie And this being done they conuocated the inhabitauntes of the Cittie of Arequipa with whome they went to Cusco where at theyr comming they found many congregated on the behalfe of Don Diego who foorthwith fled towardes him to the number of fiftie personnes After whome followed Captayne Castro and Hernando de Bachiaco with certayne Hargabusiers who ouertooke them in the night season and apprehended them with whome they returned to Cusco The Councell of Cusco hearing of this good successe came and ioyfully receyued him and with conformitie of all the Captaynes bothe swore and chose Pedro Aluares Holguin for Captayne and chéefe Iudge of all the dominions of Peru vntyll such tyme as his Maiestie should otherwyse prouide whereupon warre was proclaymed against Don Diego and his retinew The Cittizens also of Cusco bound themselues to paie all such summes of money which he should spend of the Kings Treasure among his Soldiours if that his Maiestie should not thinke well or accept the same in iust and lawfull accoumpt And for the furnishing of these procéedinges all the Cittizens of Charcas Arequipa and Cusco offered theyr goodes and personnes so that in shorte space there ioyned together aboue .350 men of whome were .150 Horsemen a hundred Hargabusiers and a hundred Pykemen But notwithstanding Pedro Aluares hauing intelligence howe Don Diego had eyght hundred men and more in his Campe he therefore durst not abyde his comming in the Cittie of Cusco but rather chose to passe with his power into the Mountaynes to ioyne with Alonso de Aluarado who lykewise was rysen on the behalfe of his Maiestie and also expecting there to méete with the fréendes and Seruitors of the Marquesse which were hydden in those Desartes So that he procéeded with his company in good order meaning that if Don Diego should happen to méete him on his way to giue him battayle And when he departed from Cusco he lest for the defence of the Cittie as many men as was thought sufficient for that purpose he appoynted Gomez de Tordoya for Campe maister and Garcilaso Delauega and Pedro Asuerez for Captaynes of the Horsemen and the charge of the Infauterie or Footemen he commended to Captaine Castro and the Offices of Alerez of the Standard royall he committed to Martine de Rolles How Don Diego went to seeke Pedro Aluarez and finding him not he passed to Cusco Chap. 12. DOn Diego hauing vnderstanding of the procéedinges in Cusco and how Pedro Aluarez was departed out of the Cittie with all the power that he might make wherupon he iudged that he was gone into the Mountaynes to ioyne with Alonso de Aluarado so that he determyned to méete him on the way and to stoppe his passage the which his pretence he could not bring to passe with such expedition as he desired for staying for Garcia de Aluarado whome he had sent for by Poste at whose cōming they left procéeding after Alonso de Aluarado and at the tyme when they came to the Cittie of Trugillio he was mynded againe to disturbe his passage had not the Towne of Leuanto which standeth in Chachapoyas perswaded him to the contrarie When Garcia de Aluarado was come to the Citie of the Kinges Don Diego foorthwith tooke his iourney against Pedro Aluarez with thrée hundred Horsemen one hundred Hargabusiers and a hundred and fiftie Pikemen But before his departure he banished out of the Coūtrey the Lord Marquesse children and beheaded Antonio Picado after that he had extreamely racked him and put him to sundry tormentes onely that he should confesse where the Lord Marquesse Treasure lay This done he procéeded on his iorney but before he had passed two leagues from thence came secretly certayne prouisions from the Lycenciate Vaca de Castro which were sent from the coūtrey of Cuito directed to father Thomas de Saint Martine Francisco de Barrio Nueuo giuing vnto them thereby authoritie to deale in the gouernment of the Countrey vntyll that he him selfe might come thether Wherupon the Estate and Councell of the Cittie had secrete conference obaying the prouicions which were at that instant orderly presented and admitted the Lycenciate Vaca de Castro for Gouernor and Geronimo de Aliaga for his Lieutenaunt because he was so appointed by lyke prouisions After the doing of these things the Aldermen fled to the Cittie of Trugillio and many other Cittizens in theyr company these things were not so secretly done but the same night Don Diego had vnderstanding of all at large whereupon he was minded to returne to sacke the Cittie but fearing least Pedro Aluarez should escape him he durst not retyre and likewise because his Soldiours should not come to the knowledge how there was a new gouernour in the land So that for these causes he procéeded forwarde yet notwithstanding when newes was knowen in Don Diego his Campe many of his Soldiours fled from him especially Father Thomas de Saint Martine Diego de Alguero Iuan de Sayauedra Gomez de Aluarado and the Factor Yllansucarez de Carauaiall in this iourney happened to fall sick Iuan de Herrada of a certaine infirmitie wherof he died By meane wherof Don Diego was forced to stay his iorney in the meane while Pedro Aluarez passed by into y e valley of Xauxa where Don Diego thought to haue abode his comming yet at the length he followed him so that they were not farre a sunder
to abide there his further order whylst he went downe to the Cittie of the kinges to gather together all such men Armour MunicioÌ„ which there he might finde leauing the Cittie furnished He comaunded also y e Captaine Diego de Roias should alwayes goe twentie leagues before the Armie with thirty lyght Horsemen to discouer the way he sent lykewise Diego de Mora for Lieutenant of the Cittie of Trugillio and with great dexteritie diligence he prouided all other thinges necessarie for his pretended enterprise now in hand euen as though all his life time he had bene brought vp in the Warres Howe Don Diego slewe Garcia de Aluarado in Cusco and howe he came out of the Cittie with his Armie against Vaca de Castro Chap. 14. IT hath bene declared howe that after that Don Diego sawe that he could not ouertake Pedro Aluares he went to Cusco but before his comming Christouall de Sotelo who he had sent before him had taken possession of the Cittie and placed the Officers of Iustice according to his owne pleasure and vnplaced such as were appointed by Vaca de Castro As soone as Don Diego was come to the Cittie he began to gather all the Artillerie and Gunpouder that he might come by In Peru there is good prouision to make Ordenaunce by reason of the aboundaunce of Mettall which there is founde and also at that tyme there were certayne Leuantiscos who were cunning Maisters in casting of Artyllerie and also expert in the making of Gunpouder whereof they had store by the meane of the great quantitie of Salt péeter which there is found He also made Weapon for such as wanted of paste of Siluer Copper mixed together of the same stuffe they wrought exceeding good Corselets besides this prouision all the Armor of the Countrey was brought to his CaÌ„pe so y t he furnished two hundred Hargabusiers He also ordained certaine men of Armes although vntyll this time they vsed in Peru to fight on Horsebacke after the Genet facion seldome vsed to skyrmiâ—h with lyght Horsemen Being in this readinesse happened a certaine discorâ—e betweene Captaine Garcia de Aluarado and Christouall de Sotelo in the which Sotelo was slaine whereupon great mischeefe was lyke to ensue among the Soldiours because each of them had many fréends so that all the whole Campe was deuided so that if Don Diego with amorous wordes had no pacified the matter thei had one slain an other Notwithstanding Garcia de Aluarado vnderstoode that Don Diego was greatly affectioned to Sotelo and would not let to reuenge his quarell Wherfore from that tyme forward he had the greater regard to loke to his owne safetie not onely for the defence of his persone but likewise mynded to kill Don Dieogo the whiche his pretence he determined to put in execution So that on a daie he inuited hym to Dinner purposyng to kille hym in his diete But Don Diego suspectyng the matter faigned that he was not well at ease after that he had excepted the banket When Garcia de Aluarado sawe that his deuise could take no place hauyng all thing in a readinesse for his pretended enterprise he determined with diuers of his frendes to goe and to inportune hym co come to the banket and in the waie as he went he chanced to disclose his minde to one Martine Carillio who perswaded hym not to proceede vpon that iourney for ê™ he I feare you will bee slaine an other souldiar likewise gaue hym the same counsell but all their aduise could not preuaile Don Diego fained hym self sicke and laie hym doune vpon his bed hauyng secretly in an other chamber certaine armed men So that when Garcia de Aluarado entered the chamber with his coÌ„panie he saied vnto Don Diego sir if it maie please your lordship to arise for your sicknesse is nothing you shall also find ease if you will recreate your self awhile for although you eate nothing yet you shall garnishe our table Unto whoÌ„ DoÌ„ Diego aunswered that he was content and sorthwith arose and called for his cloake For he laye vpon his bedde hauyng on his priuie coate his Rapier and Dagger Garcia de Aluarado and the residue were goyng out at the Chamber doore but when the moste of them were cleane without the doore and as Aluerado was passyng out before Don Diego Iuan de Herrada whiche stood next the dore staied his goyng out and made the dore fast whiche lockt without any keye and therevpon tooke Garcia de Aluarado in his armes saiyng yeeld thy self for prisoner and then Don Diego drewe his Rapier and strake hym saiyng he shall not bee prisoner but rather slaine And then came forthe Iuan Balsa Alonso de Sayauedra and Diego Mendez brother to Rodrigo Orgonios and others of theÌ„ which were in ambush who gaue hym so many woundes that he was soone dead When this newes was knowne in the Citie there began a broile emong them But when Don Diego came out into the Market place of the Citie he quieted the people yet notwithstanding many of Garcia de Aluarado his freendes fled awaie After this successe Don Diego proceedeâ— out of the Citie with his armie to encounter with Vaca de Castro whom he vnderstood had ioyned with Pedro Aluaaez â— and Alonso de Aluarado and was coÌ„myng the waie of Xauxa to meete with hym In all â—his iourney Pauloz brother to Inga serued DoÌ„ Diego who Don Diego de Almagro the elder now deceassed had instituted Inga whose aide was of greate importance Because alwaies he went before the Campe. And although he had but fewe Indians in coÌ„panie yet all the Prouinces in the land had respect vnto hym and for his sake thei prouided bothe victualls and Indians to carie the fardage and other necessarie thinges How Vaca de Castro departed from the citie of the Kinges to Xauxa and what his doynges were whilest he he abode there Chapt. 15. AFter that Vaca de Castro came to the citie of the kinges he caused many Hargabuzes to be made hauyng at that instant many connyng maisters fit for the purpose He furnished hym also of all other necessaries for the prouision whereof he borowed of marchantes the somme of 60000. poizes of gold because Don Diego had spent all the kyngs treasure before his commyng When all thinges were in a readinesse Vaca de Castro left in the citie of the Kynges for his Lieutenant Francisco de Barrio Nueuo and Ihon Perez de Gueuarra for captaine of the Nanie and then he tooke his iourney wiâ—h all his power toward Xauxa leauing order in the citie that if Don Diego should happen to come vpon the citie by any other waie not expected as some did imagine that he would â—hat then all the Citezens with their wiues children families and goodes should goe about the shippes vâ—till suche tyme as he with his armie should followe hym to giue hym battaile At his comyng to Xauxa he found Pedro Aluarez abidyng his comyng with all his
none but hath some deuice in his hed and in euery Prouince of a seuerall kinde All the Indians of the Playnes are deuided into three sortes the one are called Yngas another sorte are called Tallanes the thirde Mochicas in euery Prouince they differ in spéeche notwithstandinge the Noble men called Casâ—ikes besides their natural spéeche doo all generally vnderstande the language of the Cittie of Cusco because the Kinge of Peru called Guaynacaua Father of King Atabaliba thought it a base thinge y t his Subiectes especially noble men should talke with him by interpreters whervpon hee commaunded that all the Cascikes of his Countrey and dominions and their Brethren and kinsemen should sende their Children to serue and attende on the Kinge in his Court vnder the colour to learne the courtly spéeche but cheefely the Kinges intente was to assure his countrey with the principall men of his Kingdome in hauinge their children in pledge But bee it as it will by this meanes it came to passeâ— that all the Nobilitie of his Lande vnderstoode and could speake the language vsed in Court as in Flaunders the Gentilmen others speake the Frenche tongue so that in conclusion any Spanyarde that attained to the Cusco spéech mought wel passe throughout the dominions of Peru aswell in the Playnes as in the Mountaynes to vnderstand and to be vnderstood among the chéefest Of the ordinary Windes which blow in the Plaines and the cause of drynesse Chap. 7. WIth great reason those which reade this History may stande in doubt of the cause why it rayneth not in the Playnes of Peru as before is specified for by euident tokens should bee thought that those thinges could not bee true by reason of the growen Riuers which fal into the Sea and commonly engender moysture vapors comming out of the Mountaynes hauing their beginning of the continuall Snow which there abideth wherof relation is made before yea and the sayd Hilles neuer want clowdy weather intermixed with rayne The natural reasoÌ„ therof found out by such as diligently haue sought the secret therof which is that in all those Playnes and Sea coast all the whole yeare bloweth one only Winde which the Mariners call Siluestre which runneth alonge that coast with such force that the Cloudes and Uapors haue no rest in those playnes nor Sea coast to come vnto the region of the ayer and from the high Mountaines The cloudes and vapors do shew like another Heauenâ— so those which are beneathe in the Playnes and abouâ— them agayne it is as cleare as Christall and this onely winde also causeth the Seagate or Currant to runne alwaies Northward although some men are of another opinion which is that where the South sea commeth to fall into the mouth of the straight of Magalanus beeinge there so narrowe and excéedeth not the bredth of two Leagues so that the greate power of the water can not there haue yssue and also their encounteringe with the Northen Sea which likewise disturbeth his passage so that of force it maketh reflection and recoyle backeward and so forceth the Currant toward the North. And here riseth another inconuenience which is y t the NauigatioÌ„ from Panama to Peru is with such difficultie because the winde is alwayes contrary and also the most part of the yeare y e Currant likewise so that y e Saylers do sayle continually by the bowlinge against the fury of y e winde or else it were not possible to sayle that Coast. All along the coast of Peru are great number of fishe and many Zeale fishes From the Riuer of Tumbez forward are found none of those great Lizartes of which we haue spoken But some holde opinion the cause is that the countrey forward is more temperate and those beastes are louers of heate but the most certaine reason is because the Riuers thereabout are of a more swifter currant and suffereth them not to bréede for their ordinarie breeding is in the calme places of Riuers Now at this day in all the length of the playnes are Uillages and Townes of Christians and fiue Cities the first is called Puerto Viejo which staÌ„deth very nere vnto the Equinoctiall This Citie hath but fewe inhabitants because the countrey is poore and apt for diseases yet there are some mines of Emraldes as is before declared Fifteene leagues with in the mayne is another citie called saint Mighel which in the Indian spech they call Pura This is a pleasant soyle and fruitefull but no mines of golde nor plate This place is apte for sore eyes and few or none that passeth that way escapeth that disease Threescore leagues forward along the coast standeth another citie in a valley called Trugillio and is distant from the sea two leagues The porte or harbor belonging to this citie is perillous This citie is placed in a plaine plot nere vnto a Riuer side and is aboundantly prouided of wheate Maiz and cattell It is also exceeding wel built there are in this citie aboue thrée hundred housholds of Spaniards Foure score Leagues forward standeth another Cittie two Leagues distant from a Porte of the Sea which is an excellent good Roade for Shippes it is scituated in a Ualley called Lyma and named the Cittie of the Kings because the day of Epiphany it was begun to inhabite it is placed in a plaine ground neare vnto a mighty Riuer The Countrey there about is plentifull of Corne many sortes of fruites and cattell the building of this Cittie is such that all the streates doo méete in a faire large place from the which a man may see through euery streat into the Féeldes the dwelling is maruailous healthfull because it standeth in a temperate Climat and not vexed throughout the yeare with neither heate nor colde extreamely The hoatest season of the yeare is more temperate then in Spayne for in the time of their heate in Lyma which is in SoÌ„mer there falleth euery morninge a swéete Dew which is nothing hurtful to mans health but rather profitable for such as haue the head ache vse to wash their heads with the Dewe water and therwith finde great ease All Spanish fruit groweth and prospereth wel in this Soyle especially Orenges Sidrons Lemons Figges Powngarnardes and Uines wherof had béene there aboundance if the alteracions in the Land had not disturbed their plantinge for experience hath shewed that the very Kernell of the Grape hath perduced faire Uynes There groweth also greate store of Pot earbes such as ordinarily grow in Spayne euery house hath belonging vnto it a litle runninge water or Brooke brought in by conueyance of slewce which water is sufficient to driue a mill although along the Riuer side they haue their common milles where the Spaniards grinde their corne This citie is iudged the most pleasant dwelling in all the land because the porte and roade for shippes maketh the Citie to be of great contractation for MarchaÌ„ts So that the people of all Cities Townes and
Uillages within the maine lande vse to come thither for their prouision and furniture From the mines of this Prouince is brought greatâ— aboundance of golde and siluer The scituation is in the middest of the land as yet discouered by reason whereof the Emperour his Maiestie placed there a chauncery royall and Iudges to decide his subiectes causes which also causeth the greater resorte of people It is thought that in processe of time this Citie will increase to be of marueilous fame and greatnes At this day there are aboue fiue hundred housholds of Spaniards and eâ—ery house hath a greater compasse of ground then the houses built in Spayne so y t these 500. houfes séeme bigger theâ— 1500. in Castillia by reason that the streetes are broad and hath also a place of great compasse in the middest of the citie ech house hath in the fronte 800. foote twise as much large Their buylding is but of one storie high for want of timber to builde a height and yet that timber within thrée yeres beginneth to rotte and consume yet notwithstanding the low building the houses are sumptuous and of great Maiestie The walles are of fiue foote broade the plot whereon the houses stand are raysed of like height with earth by reason whereof the houses seeme of reasonable height The Roofes of those houses are made of rafters layde crossewise and vpon the Timber is layde for séeling gallante paynted mattes like vnto those which are made in Almeria in the kingdome of Granada and vpon that seeling are layd boughes so that the lodgings are high fresh not troubled with the sunne and as for the water they neede not to care for as before is declared it neuer rayneth in those plaines Thirty Leagues from this Cittie along the Coast is another Cittie intituled the faire Towne of Aroquipa which hath in it 300. houses of Spanyardes this also is a healthfull soyle and aboundant of all kinde of victuall but it standeth 12. Leagues from the Sea coast by mean wherof it is thought that the Towne wil encrease with inhabitantes for the Riuer by which it standeth is so good and faire that Shippes laden with Marchandize may come vp the riuer euen to the Cittie and froÌ„ this place the Cittie of Cusco is serued of all things needefull and likewise the Prouince of Charcas from which places commeth the most people of that Countrey by reason of the contractacion of the Mynes of Potosi Also great quantitie of Plate is brought thither to be laden in the Shippes backe againe in returne to the Cittie of the Kinges or Panama which is a great helpe for to auoyde the carriage by land béeinge very daungerous and troublesome in the highe wayes since the time that the new Orders or Lawes set forth by the Emperour were executed From this Cittie men may trauaile forward alonge the Sea coaste for the space of 400. Leagues vnto the Prouince that the Gouernour Pedro de Valdiuia did discouer and inhabite called Chili which is as much as to say in the Indian tongue Colde by reason of the extreame colde which the trauellers passe in the waye thither as in this History shalbe declared hereafter when the iorney made by the chéefe Discouerer Don Diego de Almagro shalbe spoken of so that now is vnderstood the scituacion and habitacion of the parte of Peru and the Playnes therof wherwithall is likewise to bee considered that the Sea coaste is cleane and without daunger of Rocks as far as hither vnto hath béene discouered nor yet any furious or tempesteous weather doth vexe that coaste of the South Sea and therfore it may well bée called the quiet and Golden Sea yea and moreouer anye shippe along that coast may with one Ankor ride in safety with out daunger of any winde Of the qualities and nature of the Mountaynes of Peru and of the habitacions and dwellinges of Christians and Indyans Chap. 8. THe Indians which dwel in the Mountains doo differ much from those which dwell in y e Plaines or low countrey both in streÌ„gth knowledge and liuinge for in the Mountaynes their dwelling is in houses couered with earth their shirtes and garmentes are wrought of shéepes wooll which there doo bréed they weare nothing on their head but haue their haire laced with a stringe The Wemen weare garments without sléeues gyrded with woollen gyrdels which maketh them long wasted they also weare certayn Mantels ouer their heds which are pinned about their neckes with pinnes of Golde or Plate accordinge to the habilitie of euery one those pinnes are called in their language Topos because the heads are great plaine and flat and the sides and points excéedinge sharpe These Wiues doo helpe their Husbandes in the labour tillage of the ground nay I may say that their paines is greatest in all sâ—ruice These Wemen of complexion are white and well fauoured excéeding much the wemen of the Plaines and so likewise the countrey doth much differ the one from the other because the Mountaynes doth bring forth great aboundance of Grasse hath much fresh water of which and from which the Riuers procéedes which runneth downe into the Playnes there are also many kinde of Flowers and pleasant greene plottes with sundry kinde of Earbes and sundry sortes of Trees of maruailous fruites so pleasaunt in taste that in all Spayne there is no better there are also wilde Walnut trées and Willowes these Indians haue many wilde Shéepe and others very tame and domestical they haue also Deare and sundry other kinde of Beastes and great number of Foxes The Indians are great Hunters and call the game Chico but when they are disposed to make a generall feast of huntinge they ioyne togeather foure or fiue hundred Indians and place them selues one by one in the compasse of the ground which they meane to hunte which oftentimes is two or thrée Leagues in circuite and then they come inclosing foote by foote by the sound of certaine songes which they vse to singe for that purpose so that at the end they ioine altogeather in a round and take each other hand in hand some arme in arme so that they bring in among them a great number of siluester Beastes euen as though they were penned in a Pownd and than they kil and make their choice at their pleasure but the excéedinge showtes and hallowinge which they make doth not only feare the wilde Beasts but also oftentimes with the same noyse they amaze the Partriges and other Foule that easely they may be taken by hand There are also in the Mountaynes Lyons and great blacke Beares wilde Cattes and Apes of diuerse sorts and many other kinde of wilde Beastes vnknowen to our Nation The Foule which most frequent y t plaines and Mountaines are Eagles Doues Turtle Doues Quailes Parats Hawkes white russet Nightingals and diuerse other sortes of faire gallant Foule aloâ—ge the Sea coast are Buytres that hauinge their whinges spred
Mines It is wel fortified by reason that it standeth high and is compassed with a marueylous deepe valley wherein is a Riuer that runneth almost in circuite of the hill where the Towne standeth The Marshall Alonso de Aluarado was the first that did inhahite this Prouince vnto whom it was commended Beyond this prouince about 60. leagues standeth another Towne of Christians called Guanuco which was buylt by the commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who named it Leon because hee him selfe was borne in the citie of Leon in Spayne This towne is well prouided of victuals and is thought to be aboundaÌ„t of Mines especially towarde that parte which Prince Inga holdeth y e people wherof were occupied in warres in the Prouince called Andes as hereafter shal be declared So that beyond this place there is not in the Mountaine any village of Christians vntil you come to Guamâ—nga which was named Saint Ihon de Victoria standeth distant from Guanuco sixtie leagues This village is but meanly inhabited of ChristiaÌ„s but it is thought that it wil be better if the Prince Inga cease from his warres who hath vsurped a great part of the best ground thereunto belonging and specially where the best Mines are and greatest quantitie of the rich herbe called Coca From this Towne of Guamanga vnto the citie of Cusco is distance 80. leagues In the which are many plots of Rocky and troublesome way to passe which causeth great perill vnto y e wayfaring men The citie of Cusco before the Christians comming thyther was the chiefest seat court of the Indian kings of all the whole Prouince so that from that princely citie was gouerned and ruled all those countreis and Prouinces here before declared and hereafter shalbe declared To this citie al the Cascikes or noble men resorted from all places of the Empire to bring their tributes appertaining to the Prince as also to deale about particular affayres and to demaund iustice in their suites one with another In all the whole dominions of that countrey there was not any place of habitacion that had the Maiestie or manner of a cittie but onely Cusco where was a fayre Fortresse wrought of square stones which were so huge and great that it was a wonder how they were brought thither by Indian strength of men without helpe of Oxen Muyles or other Beastes and yet there are some one stone that tenne yoake of Oxen could not with their strength mooue them from the place from whence they were brought and the houses wherin the christians dwell in at this day are the very same that the Indians made for their owne dwellinge so that some of those houses are repaired and other increased of the same fashion The cittie was deuided into foure partes in such order that all such as came thither to dwel or to lodge in Kinge Inga commaunded that they should lodge or inhabite in the streat which lay toward the place froÌ„ whence they came Those which came from the South parte were called collasmo by the name of a Towne called collao and hee which came from the North was called chinchasuyo by reason of a Prouince which lay that way called Chincha which is now appertaininge to the Emperour and is vnhabited and nothing worth and in this manner they name accordingly the other two partes which lyeth East and West Andesuyo and Condesuyo â— so y t no Indian might dwell or lodge in any other streat but only in that streat which lay towarde the place from whence hee came vpon a great penalty All the countrey neare adioyning to the cittie is excéeding plentifull of all kinde of victuals and exceedinge healthfull for it is approued that any sound man of body that commeth into this countrey doth long continue in health It is inuironed with many ritch Mines of golde out of the which hath bene gathered the infinite summe which vntill this day hath beene brought into Spayne although now since the discouery of the Mines of Potosi they leaue the gold mines and worke in those siluer Mines because therein they finde a greater gaine then in the golde workes and also is gotten with lesse danger both of Indians and christians which deale in those affaires From the citie of cusco to the Towne called Villa de Plata which staÌ„deth in the Prouince of charcas are 150. leagues and more and in the midway standeth a great prouince in the plaine called collao which is about fiftie leagues long The principalsâ— part thereof is called Chiquito which now appertaineth to his Maiestie And being so great a peece of ground vnhabited of christians the Licensiat Dela Gasca in Anno .45 commaunded to buylt a village in the prouince of Collao This town called Villa de Plata is a place of extreme colde none like vnto it in al the mountaines by meane of which colde there are few dwellers but those which abide there are marueilous ritch and those few inhabitants of this towne abide the most parte of the yere in the mines which are in the circuite of Porco and Potosi as hereafter shalbe declared From Villa de Plata entringe inwarde to the maine on the left hand Eastward was discouered by commaundement of the Licensiat Vaca de Castro who sent for that purpose captaine Diâ—go de Roâ—as and Philip Gutierez to the Prouince which now is called by the name of Diego de Rojas and is reported to be a good and holesome countrey aboundant of al necessary victuall howbeit the tresure of Mines expected was not there found for which consideration captaine Domingo de Italia and his companions came into Peru in anno 49. so that in conclusion they trauailed all the Lande that is between the South Sea and the Northe Sea at the time when they wente vp the Ryuer of Plate in discouery of the Northen coast This is the scituation of all the Lande discouered inhabited throughout the Prouince of Peru toward the South Sea presupposing the Discouery along y e South coast without entry into the Mayne because in the discouery of the Mayne the certaintie is not yet knowen by reason of the troublesome and perrilous wayes that leadeth y e course both with colde double cragged Hilles destitute of victuals and al comfort for man yet neuerthelesse the Spanyardes would not haue feared these great perrils if they had not doubted the gayne of treasure which they thought was not to bee had in that proceedinge Of the opinion which the Indians had concerning their creation and other thinges Chap. 10. WHere as the Indians had no kinde of writing as before is declared they knew not the Origen of their creation nor yet the ende which the Worlde had at the time of Noes Fludde But accordinge to the iudgemente and heresay of their Auncestors from time to time These people helde opinion that out of the partes of Sepâ—enâ—â—ion came a man that had neither bone nor ioynt and when hee went any whither
thinge vnpossible that a barbarous people without learning and Letters should gouerne with such consent order his subiectes also to shew them selues so louing obedient in such wise y t to shew their louing haâ—ts toward their Prince they made two notable high waies in Peru yea such y t it were very vnméet they shuld be without remeÌ„brance for none of those thinges which olde writers account to be of the seuen maruailes of the world was wrought with such difficultie paines cost as those high waies were made when this Prince Guaynacaua went from the Cittie of Cusco with his Armie to conquer the cittie of Quito which is neare 500. leagues distant going by way of the mountaines in which iorney hee was sore troubled because those waies were so Rockie perrilous yea and a man would haue thought theÌ„ vnpossible to passe wherupon the Indians thought it meete conuenient to make a highe way for him by the which he might returne with victory from the conquest and to accoÌ„plish the same they tooke the worke in hand began the same along the mountaine side both brode and plaine with force brake downe the rockes for that purpose so that al those barrankes or gutters which came from a high out of the Mountaines were filled and made euen with the same way only by force of hand yea some time they were forced to carry vpwardes y e stuffe for the worke aboue 20. fadom so that this high way or cawsey indureth fiue hundred leagues more The reporte is that whan the way was finished a Cart ladeÌ„ might passe all the way but since y e time with the warres betweene the Christians Indians this high waie is now spoiled to disturbe such as should passe that way and who had séene this way mought wel consider the charges by the making plaine of only two leagues of mountaine which are between two cities in spaine called Segouia Guadarrama which was as yet neuer perfectly finished being an ordinary high way by the which the kings of Spaine do passe when they trauaile with their householdes into Andaluzia or into the kingdome of Toledo These Indians not coÌ„tented with so famous a peece of worke when at another time their Prince Guaynacaua determined to visit the Prouince of Quito which he intirely loued because it was his owne conquest hee went by the way of y e plaines where his said subiectes made for him another high way almost as costly as the mountayn way because the riuers where their gréene and fresh things do grow doth occupy in some places neare three miles from the Riuer through the which they wrought a Cawsey fortie of earthen walles on ech side which were of thrée yardes of height They coÌ„tinued tbe same high way through the sandy places with euident marks that the passengers could not mis their way which also eâ—dureth all along y e said space of 500. leagues But now these marks are spoiled also by meane of the sayd warres but the walles of y e waies in the valleys are at this day whole souÌ„d wherby the greatnes maiestie of the work may easily be iudged so that the prince Guaynacaua went out by the one returned by y e other hauing al the way as he should pas trimmed w t boughes flowers of maruailous swéetnes Of the notable things that Guaynacaua caused to be done in Peru. Cap 14. BEsides those famous high wayes before deâ—lared Guanacaua commaunded to buyld at euery ten Leagues end in the mountayne â—â—ayes certaine houses made of a greate â—readth wherein were sundry repertitioÌ„s and roomes sufficient to receiue his owne person when he should passe that way with all his familie and armie the like in the other high way in the plaines although not so nighe the one to the other as the buildinge in the mountaines But according as the riuers lay so was the building by reason of succour and prouision of water and in this sort they stoode distant fifteene yea and twentie Leagues These lodginges were called Tambos whereas the Indians in whose iurisdiction they fel had prouision alwayes in store of all thinges necessarie for his armie and hoast not only of meate and drinke but also of all kinde of armour apparrel and weapon which they vsed for the warres in such sort that one of those Tambos if nede required was able to furnish in euery respecte twenty or thirtie thousand fighting men This Prince caryed with him for his garde a great number of men of warre with pikes halberds clubbes and battle axes of siluer copper and some of gold and also seuerall sorts of slinges They made bridges for Riuers of timber and those Riuers which were so broad that those kinde of bridges would not serue they vsed for them mightie long cables made of a certain kinde of Rushes called Maquey which is more stronger then hempe These cables are made fast on ech side of the Riuer so that from the one side to the other there were of length 200. paces And by skilfull arte a certaine litle vessell like vnto a great basket serueth to passe ouer the wayfaring men by the stay and helpe of the cable These kindes of passages the Indians doe maintaine at their costes charges I meane those of the iurisdiction where they fall The king vsed to goe in his Litter made of plates of golde which Litter was not drawen with any kinde of beasts but only caried vpoÌ„ noble mens shoulders which alwayes atteÌ„ded at his court to the number of one thousand who were also his best beloued and of his counsell Likewise these noble men when they went abroad attended not on the king were also caried in Litters vpon their vassals shoulders These Casikes had their prince in great honor reuerence and estimation so that when any Piere or great Estate had occasion to come to his Princes presence his duetie was to come barefooted to bring his mantel on his shoulder with some present wrapped therein to present to his Soueraigne in token of duetie and obedience So that if occasion serued to talk with y e Prince tweÌ„ty times in one day so ofteÌ„ were they bound to bring him some new gift Likewise it was holden for a great offence to looke their Prince in the face and if it hapned any of them to stumble when they carryed the Prince in his Litter his head was stricken of for his labour In euery halfe league was appointed for the Princes seruice a foote Poast which ordinarily did runne with greater speede then the horse poast When this Prince had conquered any Prouince forthwith he commauÌ„ded the chiefest men of that place to be sent into some other Prouince of his kingdome already in subiection And the Inhabitants there to come and abide in the Prouince newly discouered for the greater securitie of his estate And these people that were in this sort changed froÌ„ one Prouince to another were called
which endured with fire and sword the space of 15. dayes in reuenge of the three Spaniards which the Indians had so trayterously sacrificed in recompence of the libertie which the Gouernour gaue them in the Iland of Puna The Cascike of Tumbez séeing the great hurt done vnto them yealded himselfe and in token of submission he presented to the Gouernour certaine gold siluer TheÌ„ he procéeded on his discouery with the most part of his company leauing the residue with his Maiesties Auditour Antonio Nauarro the Treasorer Alonzo Râ—quelme and iorneyed til he came to the riuer of Poechos which stoode 30. Leagues distant from Tumbez and obtayned peace with all the Cascikes and Townes which were on the borders of that Riuer He also discouered the port of Payta which was accounted the best harbor in al y e coast To this place came messengers to the gouernour from Cusco from the Prince Guascar geuing him to vnderstaÌ„d the rebellion of his brother Atabaliba who as yet was not appreheÌ„ded as before hath bene declared crauing at his hands succour and defence against his sayd brother With these ioyful newes the Gouernor sent his brother Hernando Pisarro back againe to Tumbez to bring away w t him all the remainder of his coÌ„pany which had abode behinde when he had so done he inhabited w t them in y e Citie of S. Mighel which sometime was a town of Indians called Tangarara scituated on y e Riuer side of Chira not far from the sea where was an excéeding good harbor for the shippes which came from Panama hauing here deuided their gold plate which was presented in this Coast vnto them The gouernour prouided forward leauinge certaine of his men for Citizens of y e new citty tooke his way towarde y e Prouince of Caxamalca because hée had intelligence how Atabaliba was there How the Gouernour came to Caxamalca and what there happened Chap. 4. IN this iorney to Caxamalca the Gouernor and his armie passed great extremitie of thirst in a desert without habitatioÌ„ of 20â— leagues loÌ„g where was neither trée bush nor water but only al sandy ground very hot At the end of 20. Leagues he came into the Prouince of Motupe where he found fresh pleasant Ualleys replenished w t many Uillages where hee well refreshed his army with y e great aboundance of victualâ— which he there found and as he went from thence asceÌ„ding into the mountaines he met w t a messenger which came from Atabaliba who brought vnto him for a preseÌ„t a paire of paynted Shooes and a payre of hand ruffes of golde beseeching him that when he shoulde come before his Prince Atabaliba to weare those Shooes on his féete and also to weare the ruffs accordingly to thentent that he might be knowen by those tokens The Gouernour receiued thankefully the present promised that he would fulfill his request and moreouer that he should certifie Atabaliba that his comming was not to offeÌ„d him if notorious wrong were not offered vnto him Because sayd he the Emperour king of Castile who sent me hither commaunded that I should not attempt to displease any without reason With this answere the messenger departed and the Gouernour likewise followed with great foresight that no enemy should disturbe his passage When he came to Caxamalca he met with another Messenger which came to aduertise him that he should not take vp his lodging without expresse coÌ„maundement from Atabaliba To this ambassage y e Gouernour made no answere but rather toke vp his lodging according as he thought good And than he sent captaine Soto with twentie horâ—men wel trimmed to Atabaliba his Campe which stoode one League distant from the Gouerâ—ours lodging to signifie vnto him the arryuall of his Generall When Captaine Soto came in sight of Atabaliba he set spurres to his horse as though he would haue run against an armed man which brauery did not a litle amase the poore Indians who with all hast fled out of his way But for their labour Atabaliba commaunded them to he slayne and would geue Soto no answere of his embassage vntill Fernando Pisarro came who the Gouernour sente after Soto with another company of horsemen but he tolde his minde to one of gis noble Cascikes and the Cascike declared his saying to the interpreter and the Interpreter to Soto But to Hernando Pisarro hee spake personally by the mouth of the only Interpreter Unto whom Pisarro sayd that his brother the Gouernour came from the Emperour his Maiestie and to know his royall will he only desired that it might please him to signifie whether hee might freely come vnto his presence to be accepted as his fréend Unto whom Atabaliba answered y t hee would freendly accept his offer so that hee would returne the golde and plate which since the entrance into his land he had taken from his Indian subiectes and also that forthwith he would depart his countrey and dominions and to take order with him in these causes he ment the next day to meete him at a certaine place called Tambo de Caxamalca When Hernando Pisarro had receaued this answere he beheld the great number of tents which were in the Campe of Atabaliba which seemed vnto him a great Citie and then tooke his leaue and returned with his answere to the Gouernour and when hee was come to his brother hauing declared what he had heard and seene it some what discouraged him hauing for euery Christian 200. Indians But notwithstanding he and all his company beeing hautâ—e minded and also of great stomacke The night followinge they comforted one another putting their only confidence in God so that than they occupied them selues in trimminge their Armor and other Furniture without takinge any rest of sleepe the whole night How the Battayle was giuen to Atabaliba and the taking of him Prisoner Chap. 5. THe next day following the Gouernor early in the morninge set his Armye in good order deuydinge 60. Horsemen into three partes and placed them in Ambush in seuerall places vnder the gouernment of Captaine Soto and Captaine Benalcasar for their Chiefetaines hee appointed his three Brethren Hernando Ihon and Gonsalo Pisarro and hee himselfe went with the infantry which is to be vnderstode al sortes of armed footemen prohibiting that none should stir without his watchword and the great ordinance shot of Atabaliba likewise set in good order his men of war appointing conuenient ground for his captaines to geue the onset He also commaunded that where he iudged the most danger of the christian force that one of his chiefe captaines called Ruminagui should attend that if nede required he might set on the Spanyards at their flight In this order Atabaliba set forward with great consideration and leasure that he was at the least 4. houres going one litle league Hee himselfe was caryed in his litter vpon noble mens shoulders There went before him 300. gentlemen attired in one sort of liuery making
death coÌ„maunded that they should prepare them selues to retire but his men not hauinge furniture of victuals for their returne his Captaines ioyned togeather and toke for their chieftaine Guaypalan who in the name voyce of all the rest saide vnto him that it were much better for theÌ„ to die in fight with christians than to perrish with hunger in the retire into places vnhabited Unto which sute request Quixquix gaue a lowring answere wherupon Guaypalan strake him to y e hart with his Launce incoÌ„tinent came other of his captaynes who with clubs hatchets made him into peeces than the souldiers scattered theÌ„ selues some one way some another eueÌ„ at their own pleasure How the Gouernor paid Don Pedro de Aluarado the 100000 poyzes for the agrement and how Don Diego would haue perforce bin receiued Gouernor in the Cittie of Cusco Chap. 13. WHen Don Diego Don Pedro were come to Pachacama the gouernor who was come thither froÌ„ Xauxa receiued entertained theÌ„ ioyfully also according to agreement paid vnto Don Pedro the 100000 poyzes in ready gold for his Nauy brought from Guatimala although there were many y t perswaded him to stay the payment alleaging that the fleete was not worth so much money no nor yet the one halfe of the said sum that the former bargaine was made by Don Diego with feare coÌ„sidering that Don Pedro had great aduauntage of him and there now he mought do wel to apprehend him and sende him prisoner to the Emperors Maiestie And although the Gouernor might haue taken that councell and also haue brought it to passe accordingly without perrill yet hee chose rather to ratifie performe the worde promise of his freend Don Diego de Almagro notwithstandinge the councel of his captaines he made present paiment of the 100000 poyzes in good gold than permitted him quietly and fréendly to depart to passe vnto his gouernment of Guatimala he himself abode and tooke order for the habitacion citizens of the citie of the Kings brought froÌ„ Xauxa y e dwellers there to inhabit the said citie because it séemed vnto him a singuler place of contractacion and excéeding holsome for mans health From this citie departed Don Diego de Almagro with a great company toward y e citie of Cusco the Gouernor went to reforme the buildings other things in the citie of Trugillio to make reperticion of the ground among the citizens In this meane season came newes how Don Diego de Almagro ment to possesse y e citie of Cusco to his only gouermeÌ„t because he had receiued aduertisemeÌ„t by Hernando Pisarro how y e Emperor had grauÌ„ted vnto him the gouernment of one 100. leagues of grouÌ„d beyond the limits of the gouernmeÌ„t of Don Francisco Pisarro which according to here say did not extend so far as Cusco but against this opinioÌ„ possession both Ihon Pisarro Gonsalo Pisarro the Gouernors bretherne did not only speake against but also resist w t many of their fréends which daily came vnto theÌ„ and also when the matter came in question in the councel house of the Citie among the principallest of the Cittizens the greatest number helde with the Gouernour Pisarro and his Bretherne When the Lord Marques had perfecte relation of the proceeding in Cusco he forthwith toke his iorney thither by post so that with his presence al controuersies were ended pardoned Don Diego of his offence who was not a litle amazed because he had intermedled in so waighty a matter with iust title or prouision from his Maiestie but only with the newes of heresay he presumed to take the Office vpon him so that now againe they confirmed their former freendship company with this condicion that Don Diego de Almagro should go to discouer the countrey toward the South sea if hee should finde the lande fruitful and to his content that then he would make sute to the Emperour to graunt vnto him the gouernment therof And if it happened that hee could not finde any soyle to his content that theÌ„ the land vnder the gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro should bee equally deuided betweene them both And vpon this conclusion eache of them made a solemne othe at the communion of the holy sacrament to performe the couenantes made betweene them furthermore at the same communion time Don Diego pronounced these wordes saying Lord I beseech thee than when I breake this oth before thâ—e made that than thou confound mee body and soule When these thinges were done Don Diego began to prepare thinges necessary for his iorney with 500. men which he had vnder his charge and the Lord Marques returned to the citie of the Kings sent Alonso de Aluarado to conquer the countrey of the Chachapoyas which standeth distant 70. leagues from Trugillio among the MouÌ„taynes in which conquest both hee and those which went in his company passed great misery and troubles vntil they had pacified inhabited the countrey for whose paynes the Gouernment of that Conquest was giuen vnto him ¶ THE THIRD BOOKE containeth the Iorney that Don Diego de Almagro made into Chili and of thinges that hapned in the meane season in Peru and how the Indians rebelled How Don Diego de Almagro tooke his iorney toward Chili Chap. 1. DOn Diego de Almagro departed on the discouery of his conquest with whoÌ„ went 570. horsemen and footmen well prouided of al furniture necessary yea there were some citizens that left their houses repartitioÌ„s to goe with him He sent before him Iuan de Sayauedra bâ—en in the cittie of Ciuil in Andoluzia with 100. men who in the Prouince which afterward was called Châ—rc 1â— met with certain Indians which came from Chili noâ— knowinge what had passed in Peru to geue their obedience to Inga to present him with certaine wedges of fine gold which wayed 150000. poizes which pray he tooke and also was determined to haue taken Gabriel de Rojas who had the charge of iustice by the appointment of the Gouernour Pisarro hauing vnderstanding of his pretence fled to the cittie of Cusco and Don Diego with all his power procéeded on his way at the time when Mango Inga who sometime had the state and crown of Peru departed from Cusco as before hath bin declared he I sayd agréed w t his brother called Paulo with another called Villaoma â— who was high priest among the Indians which two persons of authority with a great nâ—mâ—er of the Indian people went in company with Don Diego that when hee thought him selfe in most securitie they should set vpon him to murther both him and al his retinue and concerning the gouernor who abode in Peru he would also take the like order to dispatch him and his army at y e time of this conclusion Inga commaunded to sow the ground that victuales might not want when time should require of which prouision the Spanyardes
had no vnderstanding But when Villaoma could not bring his purpose to effect at Charcas he came flying to Cusco And when Don Diego was entred into the Countrey of Chili Philip the Interpreter who was priuie to all the conspiracie fled likewise howbeit hee was taken by certaine Spanyardes that followed him and aswel for this treason as the other that he committed in Quito the Gouernour commaunded his body to be cut in quarters who at the time of his death confessed that hee was the only cause of the vniust death of Atabaliba only to haue his wife at his commaundement as before hath béene rehearsed And as Don Diego was occupied in the conquest of Chili a seruant of his named Iuan de Herrada ouertooke him he it was that his said master had left in the citie of the kings to gather more soldyars for his seruice in the discouery who brought vnto him a prouision which Hernando Pisarro had brought out of Spayne for him by vertue of the which the Emperour had made him Gouernour of one hundred Leagues of ground beyonde the borders and limits of the iurisdiction and gouernment of Don Francisco Pisarro the which office and gouernmente was called in the letters patentes new Toledo for the Precincte of Don Francisco his Iurisdiction was named new Castile But now Don Diego iudging that the cittie of Cusco did fall within the compasse of his Regiment without any respect of his former othe which hee so solemnly had made hee determined to cease and leaue of the discouery which hee had in hand and to returne to take into his possession the Citie of Cusco Of the troubles which Don Diego de Almagro passed in his iorney toward Chili and of some other particularities of that countrey Chap. 2. GReate were the troubles which Don Diego and his company passed in the iorney toward Chili aswel with hunger and thirst as also with encounter of Indians which were mightie great men of groweth Also there were in some places excéeding good archers who were clothed in Zeale skinnes But the extreeme colde did much annoy them aswell the bitter sharpe aire as the frost and snow also the passage ouer the mountaines which were couered with snow where it hapned that a captaine called Ruydias who followed Don Diego de Almagro had many of his men and horses frozen to death for neither their apparrel nor armour could resist the excéeding sharpnes of the aire which did so vehemently penetrate and fréese them The extremitie of this cold was such that at the end of fiue moneths when Don Diego returned toward cusco he found some of his coÌ„pany which had followed outward frozen to death standing on their feete leaning vpon the Rockes and holding their horse bridels in their hands and their horses likewise frozen to death as fresh without corruption as though at that instant they had dyed The carcases of which horses was a great reliefe for his men at his said returne for want of other victualles and after they were past the extremitie of cold theÌ„ came they into such a wildernes without any kinde of habitation where they stoode in as great a néede of water to drinke so that their chiefe remedy was to carrye with them from the snowy hilles shéepes skinnes full of water in such sort that euery liue sheepe carryed on his backe the Skinne of an other dead Sheepe full of water Among diuerse properties which the Shéepe of Peru haue one is the strength of their ordinarye burden is halfe a hundred waight and many times thrée quarters of a hundred being laden vpon them as Cammels vse to carry their ladinge and are in makinge much like vnto Cammels sauing that they want the knop on the backe The Spanyardes hath now brought them â—o such purpose that they will carrye a man also in a rode Saddell foure or fiue leagues a day and when they feele theÌ„ selues weary they vse to lye downe and will not rise againe although they should bee beaten neuer so much or lifted vp with strength vpon their feete yet they will not goe one â—oote further except they bee vnladen And it happeneth often times that whan any rideth vpon them and they feelinge them selues weary they then lifte vp their heades and looketh vpon him that spurreth them and casteth out of their mouthes a thing of an exceeding euill sauor which is though to be of the foode which lieth in their stomackes They are beastes of great commoditie and their wooll is in euery respect as fine as silke especially one sorte or kinde of them called Palos their â—éedinge is very small chéefely such as labor whose ordinary meate is Maiz also they drinke very seldome that is to say once in foure or fiue daies the flesh of them is passing good and in euery respecte as good or rather better then the Sheepe in Castile of this kinde of flesh all the countrey is aboundantly prouided and in euery Citie and towne it is the principallest flesh in the Shambles although at the first comming thither of the Spanyardes they vsed no shambles for why euery one had cattayle of his owne and whan one Neighbour killed any sort of Beast his other neighbors might haue therof what they would require In certaine places of Chili were many Abstruses in the Plaines so that when they were disposed to hunte them the Spanyards would ride pâ—st after them very seldome could ouertake any although their flight was on their féete runninge and hoppinge and although their bodies were hugie and waighty yet with their leapes a good horse runninge neuer so swifte could very seldome out runne them There are also many running Riuers which runneth in the day season at night not a whit which is a thinge to be noted and especially among them that vnderstand not the reason therof which is that in the day time the sun melteth the snow and Ise of the mountaines so that the water that commeth from those high hilles in the day maketh great Riuers and at night all remaineth frozen againe But after we passe 500. leagues alâ—ng the coast come into 30. degrées on y e other side of the Equinoctial toward the Southward there is plenty of rayne and also al windes as ordinarily do blow as it doth in Spaine and other places Eastward All the countrey of Chili is inhabited and hath aswel plaine ground as mountaines and by reason of many crekes and bayes which are in the sea coast of this lande so that sayliâ—ge North and South requireth sundry windes Chili standeth in 40. degrees as is saide North and South from the Cittie of the Kinges till you passe to the saide 40. degrees in altitude the countrey is very temperate and hath Winter and Sommer in due season accordinge to the qualitie of Castile and their North Starre is in comparison like vnto ours sauinge alwayes hee is accompanied with a litle white clowde this starre according to Astronomers opinion is
called Pole Antartike and hath also not farre from him the crosse starres with other three more that followeth him in their order and moouinge so that there are seuen starres y t attendeth on that North star which differ not much from ours which the sayd Astronomers call Triton sauing that the fourth which are toward the South standeth crosse wise and are ioyned nearer togeather than ours our North star also is cleane out of sight within 200. leagues of Panama comming directly vnder y e Equinoctiall Line where at one instant is easely seen both those Tritons or north starres Artike Antartike although a great space from the Pole Antartike séemeth most playne the foure crosse starres by the moouinge wherof the Sea faringe men do kéepe their reckoninge whan they come to 30. degrees then all the other three starres serue for their purpose In this countrey of Chili the daye differeth from the night and the night from the day according to the course of the yeare as it doth in Spayne although not by the same times In the Lande of Peru and in the Prouince of Tierra firme and also in al other places there adioyninge to the Equinoctiall the day and night is equall throughout all the yeare and if at any time in the cittie of the Kinges the daye or night increase or diminishe it is so small a thing that it can not easely be decerned The Indians of Chili goe apparelled like vnto the Indians of Peru both men and wemen are of a good iesture and féede ordinarily of such meates as those of Peru. Beyond Chili 38. degrées from the Line are two greate men of power which maintaine alwayes war the one against the other and eche of them is of power to bringe into the Féelde 200000 men of war the one was named Leuchengorma which is Lord of an Iland which standeth two leagues from the firme land dedicated to his Idols in which Iland standeth a great Temple wherunto appertained 2000 Preestes The Indians of this Leuchengorma informed the Spanyardes that 50. leagues beyond that place between two Riuers was a great Prouince all inhabited with wemen which consente not to haue any sorte of men among them except a certaine time conuenient for generacion and then if any happen to bee with a childe and bring forth men children they are after certaine yeares sent to their fathers and the daughters which they likewise beare remaineth with them these wemen also are in subiection to Leuchengorma The Quéene of these wemen is called Guayboymilla which in their language is as much to say as Heauen of Golde because the reporte was that great quantitie of gold groweth there therof they make exceeding ritch cloth of all their coÌ„modities they paye tribute to Leuchengorma And although oftentimes y e Spanyards hath had notice of this countrey yet they neuer tooke y e discouery in hande because Don Diego would not abide to inhabit in y e coast also sithence that time Pedro de Valdiuia was sent to inhabit y e couÌ„trey who could not bring his desire of furniture to passe coÌ„uenient for y e voiage although he hath inhabited 33. degrées beyoÌ„d the Equinoctial Southward also perfect knowledge of habitacion was knowen to bee vnto 40. degrées alonge that coast especiallye one shippe which Don Gabriell de Carauajall Bishop of Plazensia sent in discouery which had passed through the Strayght of Magalanes who from the said straite came sayling along that coast Norward vntil he arriued at the port of the city of y e kings and before the coÌ„minge of this ship there was no memory of Rats found in all Peru so that it seemeth that y e first broode of Rats came out of that ship sithens that time al the citties in Peru are replenished with aboundance it is thought that among chests and fardels of marchandize they were carried from place to place wherupon the Indians do name them Ococha which is to say a verminâ— comen out of the sea Of the returne of Hernando Pisarro into Peru and of the dispatch which he brought with him and of the rebellion of the Indians Cap. 3. AFter that Don Diego de Almagro was departed from Cusco Hernando Pisarro came froÌ„ Spayne hauing receiued at y e Emperors hand greate fauoure who also made him knight of the order of S. Iames He also brought for his brother Don Francisco prorogation for certain leagues of ground in his gouernment And also the prouisioÌ„ which hath béene spoken of for the gouermeÌ„t of Don Diego de Almagro At this instant Mango Inga Lord of Peru was prisoner in Cusco for the conspiracie which he had wrought against the Christians with his brother Paulo Inga and Villaoma Almagro wrote vnto Iohn Pisarro requesâ—ing him to set theÌ„ at libertie because he was loth that Hernando Pisarro should finde them prisoners at his comming to Cusco at which time Iohn Pisarro was in the conquest of Collao and at the sight of his letter they were discharged out of pryson When Hernando Pisarro was come to Cusco he became a singular good freend to Inga and vsed hym verie curteously notwithstandyng he had alwaies regarde to attende vnto hym It was thought that this freendship was to the intent to craue some golde of hym for his Maiestie or els for hym self So that after twoo monethes that he was come to Cusco Inga besought hym to graunt vnto hym leaue to goe vnto Yncaya to celebrate a certaine feast and in consideration of his courtesie he promised to bryng vnto hym an Image of golde whiche was made in remembraunce of his Father Guaynacaua bothe in proportion and likenesse the coueteous desire of gold caused Hernando Pisarro to grauÌ„t his request And when he was comen to Yncaya he put in vre the conspiracie whiche he had pretended since the tyme that D. Diego de Almagro departed from Chili so findyng hym self at the place where he required to bee He began to murder certaine Miners that wrought in the gold Mines and other housdand men whiche were in the fieldes he also sent one of his Captaines with a greate nomber of his people to take the Fortresse of Cusco the whiche his commaundement was doen accordyngly so that in sixe daies the Spanyards could scarcely winne the Fortresse againe and at the winnyng thereof Ihon Pisarro was slaine in the night season with a stone whiche strake hym on the heade so that by the meane of an other wound whiche he had on his head he could not suffer his head peece his death was bewailed throughout the lande And certainly the losse of his persone was greate because he was a valliant manne and well experimented in the warres of that countrey and singularly beloued of all men When Inga had intelligence of the death of Ihon Pisarro he came with all his power vpon the citie besieged it for the space of eight Monethes and more and at euery full Moone he assaulted the Citie
be in securitie Hernando Pisarro caused that night all the Citezens and menne of warre to take their reste in their houses because thei were greatly wearied with watchyng and wearyng their armour daies and nightes without takyng any rest at all When Don Diego had aduise of the Citezens reste and securitie and the night beyng verie darke especially through a darke Cloude whiche at that instaunt couered the Citie he forthwith assaulted the Citie But when Hernando and Gonsalo Pisarro heard the noise thei made greate haste in arming them selues and their house beeyng the first that was assaulted thei like valliant gentlemen defended them selues vntill thei had set fire on euery side of the house wherevpon thei yelded and were in this order taken prisoners The next daie followyng Don Diego compelled the couÌ„saill of the Citie to receiue hym for their cheef ruler and Gouernour and also commaunded Hernando and Gonsalo Pisarro to be put in Irons yea and many of his councellers wished hym to put them to death the whiche councell he refused considering the noble courage and minde whiche thei shewed in the defence of their house so that thei were put in the custodie of Diego de Aluarado Also it was credibly thought that certaine Indians were the occasion that Don Diego did breake the truse that was made and also some Spanyardes who brought newes vnto hym that Hernando Pisarro had commaunded to breake donne the bridges and the Fortresse in the Citie whiche newes seemed to bee the verie originall cause For when Don Diego entered into the Citie he spake these woordes with a loude voyce Oh how haue ye deceiued me with your deceiptfull newes for here I finde bothe bridges and euery thyng whole and sounde Of all these proceadinges the Gouernor Pisarro knewe nothing nor many daies after the takyng of the citie and imprisonment of his brethren Don Diego de Almagro made Paulo brother to Atabaliba kyng gaue vnto him the Cassal of the Empire the which newes being knowne to his brether Mango Inga he fledde with a greate nomber of his people into certaine asperous Mountaines called Andes How the Indians slue many that the Gouernor sent to succour his brethren in Cusco Chap. 5. EMong other thynges whiche the Gouernour Don Francisco Pisarro sent to craue of the Emperour he besought his Maiestie in remuneration of his seruice doen in the conquest of Peru to graunt hm 20000. Indians perpetually to hym his discendentes in a Prouince called Atambillos with their Rentes Tributes and Iurisdiction with title of Lorde Marques of that place and people The Emperour aunswered that as touchyng the Indian people he would take aduisement and also of the qualitie of the Countrey and what profite or damage thereof might growe and that in consideration of his seruice he would so gratifie hym as lawfully with reason he should thinke conuenient so that at his request the title of Lorde Marques was graunted and the Emperor commaunded that from thence forthe he should be sâ— called And therefore hereafter in the prosecution of this Historie we will call hym by the name of Lorde Marques The Lorde Marques hauyng vnderstandyng of the rebellion of the Indians and not thinkyng the matter would haue come to suche extremitie he began to sende succour of men to his brother Hernando Pisarro to Cusco by little and little as he could gette them by tenne aâ—d fiftene at a tyme. The Indians also hearyng of this weake succour appointed many men of warre to attende their commyng at euery dangerous passage that was in their waie so that as many as the Lorde Marques sent in this order were as fast murdered by those Indians whiche thyng would not so haue fallen out if he had sent them all together And as he went to visite the cities of Trugillio and sainct Mighell he determined to sende one Diego Pisarro with 70. horsemen to the succour of his brethren al the whiche the Indians sâ—ue at a straight passage whiche of force thei should goe and at this daie is called the hill of Parcos whiche standeth fiftie leagues from Cusco and the like happened to the Marques his brother in Lawe called Gonsalo de Tapia who he sent afterward with 80. horsemen thei also put to the worse Captaine Morgoujo and Captaine Gaete with their coÌ„panies yea fewe or none of them escaped so that those which alwaies followed last could haue no knowledge of the successe of those which went before And an other policie the Indians also vsed which was thei would let them passe till thei came into a Ualley betweene twoo Hilles and then would thei enuiron them bothe before and behinde and from the high places came the stones as thicke as Haile beeyng throwne with slynges in suche sorte that thei slue many of them before thei could come to hande strokes So that thei slue aboue 300. horsemen and tooke from them greate quaÌ„titie of Iewells Armour and apparell of silke Now the Marques hauyng no aunswere from none of those succours he sent Francisco Godoy borne in Caceres with 45. horsemen who by chaunce mette with onely twoo men whiche had serued vnder Capitaine Gaete and escaped from the tyranny of the Indians so that by them he had intelligence of all that had passed wherevpon he returned with all speede although he was almoste taken in the snare of his fellowes and was followed by the Indians aboue twentie leagues and daiely by them encountered before and in the reregarde So that he was forced to trauaile in the night seaâ—on for feare of the multitude of enemies And wheÌ„ he was come to the Citie of Kynges whither also was comen Captaine Diego de Aguero with certaine men that hâ—d escaped the Indians rage The Marques had vnderstandyng how a greate nomber of the Indian enemies followed Captaine Aguero wherevpon he sent Pedro de Lerma with 70. horsemen and many Indians his freendes to encounter with the Souldiars of Inga with whom thei fought almoste a whole daie vntill the enemies were forced to take a high Rocke for their holde and sauegarde Wherevnto the Spanyardes laied siege on euery side the same daie captaine Lerma had his teeth broken with the stripe of a stone and also nine of his men were wounded and one horseman slaine But the Christians draue them into so greate an extremitie that if the Marques had not commaunded them to retire thei would that daie haue ended the warres because the Indians were in extreame miserie shutt vp in their fort and no waie to helpe them selues So that the Spanyardes also seeyng theim selues free from the tyrannie of their enemies thei gaue vnto God mooste hartie thankes and thâ—s doen thei remoued their Campe vnto an high hille that standeth not farre from the Citie of the Kynges daiely skirmishyng with the enemies The cheefe Captaine of the Indians was called Tysoyopangui and the brother of Inga which the Marques sent with Captaine Gaete in these warres whiche the Indians attempted nere the
Citie of the Kyngs it happened that many Indians who were seruauntes to the Spanyardes called Yanaconas serued the Indians of the warres in the daie season for wages and at night came to their supper and lodgyng with their maisters ¶ How the Marques sent into diuers parties to requier succour and how Captaine Alonso de Aluarado came to aide hym Chap. 6. THe Lorde Marques seyng suche a greate noÌ„ber of Indian enemies in redinesse for the besiging of the citie of the Kinges he then thought assuredly that Hernando Pisâ—rro and all his companie in Cusco were slain and that the insurrection and rebellioÌ„ was generall through the lande thinkyng also that Don Diego had the like successe in Chili And because the Indians should not thinke that with feare he kept his Nauie of shipps to flie in them when neede should require And also that the Spanyardes should not haue hope of succour to repaire to the saied shippes to escape out of the lande and by that meane to fight with lesse courage then manhoode should require he commaunded the shippes to bee sent from thence to Panama He sent also messengers to the Uiceroye of the newe Spaine and to all the Christian gouernours of all the Indies crauyng their fauor and helpe aduertisyng theÌ„ of the great danger that he was in Signifiyng the same with woordes not of suche courage as he was wont to shewe in other â—hynges But it should seeme that his so doyng was through the peâ—swation of some faint harted persone whiche councelled hym so to doe He sent likewise to his lieutenant of Trugillio coÌ„maunding hym to leaue the Citie without people and to embarke their wiues children and goodes in a ship which he sent for that purpose that thei might be conuayed to the firm laâ—â—e and he with all the rest of the citezens to come with their horses and armor to aide him Because he thought assuredly that the Indian enemies would come and spoâ—le their Citie and he not able to defende them So that he iudged the surest waie to bee to ioyne them selues together in one bodie yet he required that their coÌ„ming should be in secret WheÌ„ thinhabitaÌ„tes of Trugillio were ready to depart towardes the Marques came thither Captain Alonso de Aluarado with all his companie who was come froÌ„ the discouerie of Chachapoyas beyng also sent for by the Marques and hauyng lefte a certaine companie of men of warre in the Citie of Trugilio for the sauegarde of the same thei came al together to the Citie of the Kynges to aide the Marques who louyngly entertained them And incontinent made Alonso de Aluarade captaine generall in lue of Pedro de Lerma who vntill that tyme had enioyed that office yet the vnplacyng of hym was so greeuous vnto hym that afterward it caused Mutynie as in place and tyme shalbe declared When the Marques sawe him self so well prouided of men and other â—urniture necessarie he determined to succour where moste neede should require Whervpon he sent captaine Alonso de Aluarado with 300. Spanyardes footemen and horsemen to discrie the couÌ„trey who proceding on his iourney about 4 leagues from the citie in Pachacama he had a sharpe battaile with the Indians of whom he had the victorie and slue many of theÌ„ this doen he tooke the waie toward Cusco in whiche iourney passyng through the countrey vnhabited he suffered great penurie and onely for waÌ„t of water died aboue 500 of his Indians with thirst who were labourers and caried his bagage and if the light horsemen had not been who roade by poste with certain vessells for water whiche was the meane to saue the liues of a greate nomber mo of the footemen whiche were all in danger of the same ende As he in this maner proceded forward he ouertooke in the Prouince of Xauxa Gomes de Tordâ—ya naturall de Villa Nueua de Barca Rota who had in his companie 200 footemen and horsemen so that thei were now in nomber 500 men with whom Alonso de Aluerado tooke his waie to the bridge called Lumjchaca where the IndiaÌ„s had enuironed them on euery side hauyng their battaile together the Christians had the victorie yet thei ceassed not skirmishyng vntill thei came to the bridge called Aban cay where Alonso de Aluarado had vnderstanding of the imprisonment of Hernando Gonsalo Pisarro and of all the affaires which passed in Cusco so that he determined to procede no further vntil he should haue further Commission from the Marques When DoÌ„ Diego de Almagro had notice of the coÌ„myng of Alonso de Aluarado he sent vnto hym Diego de Aluarado with other seuen horsemen to notifie vnto hym the prouision graunted by the Emperor Who at their commyng Alonso de Aluarado tooke them prisoners saiyng that the Lorde Marques ought to be cited with their prouisions not he who was no partie for suche matters But when Don Diego sawe that his messengers returned not againe fearyng least Alonso de Aluarado ment to enter into Cusco by some other waie About xv daies after he came with his whole power determinyng to set vpon Aluarado because he vnderstandyng how Pedro de Lerma had practised a Mutinie for to passe vnto him with 80 men and when Don Diego drewe nigh to Aluarado his scoute toke prisoner Pedro Aluarez Holguin who was a light horsman to Aluarado who hauing intelligence of his imprisonment was minded likewise to appreheÌ„de Pedro de Lerma vpon suspition who fled from him the same night carriyng with hym the fines of all those whiche had promised their faithe and freendship to Don Diego On a night Don Diego came to the bridge hauyng knowledge how Gomes de Tordoya and a sonne of the Coronel Vilalua were tariyng his commyng who had sent ouer at a shallow place many of the men whiche were of the coÌ„spiracie with Pedro de Lerma who were encoraged to passe the water without feare It was manifestly knoweÌ„ that some of the conspirators who watched that night had stolne aboue fiftie Lances whiche thei brought awaie with them So that when Alonso de Aluarado was minded to haue attempted the battaile he founde the conspirators missyng and many moe of his men whiche went to seeke their Lances that were stollen from them in the night watch were also wanting by meane wherof Don Diego obtained the victorie without bloudsheding sauing that Rodrigo Orgonios had his téeth broken with the stripe of a stone Now wheÌ„ the spoile was deuided Aluarado taken prisoner Don Diego retuâ—ned to Cusco where he shewed some bitternes of crueltie to his prisoners yea and so exalted him self in pride that he letted not to saie that in short space he would not leaue one of the name of Pisarro to stuÌ„ble at in all the dominion of Peru. He said also that the Marques might goe rule emong the Manglarez whiche dwell vnder the Equinoctiall line if he liâ—t to gouerne How the lorde Marques tooke his iourney to Cusco to succour his brethren
and hearyng of the ouerthrow of Alonso de Aluarado he retourned backe to the Citie of the Kynges Chapt. 7. WIth the victorie whiche Alonso de Aluarado had obtained against the IndiaÌ„s as soone as he was departed froÌ„ the citie of the Kynges toward Cusco as well in Pachacama as in Lumychaca as before hath been declared Inga and Tisoyopanguj were glad to retire froÌ„ the siege of the Citie of the Kynges Wherevpon the Marques seyng hym self at libertie and with a greate companie of men at his commauÌ„dement he determined to take his iourney towarde Cusco to succour his brethren and carieâ— in his compâ—nie 700 horsmen and footemen thinkyng that his aide should haue been against the Indians onely For he knewe nothing of the returne of DoÌ„ Diego de Almagro from his discouerie nor yet of any thyng whiche had happened Many of his souldiars which he caried with hym were sent vnto hym by Don Alonso de Fuen Mayor Archbishopp and lorde President of the Iland of Santo Domingo with his brother Diego de Fuen Mayor brought likewise a certain nomber of men from Panama And also Diego de Ayala was retourned from Micaragua with an other companie of men So that the Marques proceadyng on his iourney vntill he came to the plaines in the Prouince de Nasca whiche standeth distant 25. leagues from the Citie of the Kynges where he had newes of the returne of Don Diego from his discouerie and also of all other perticularities whiche had happened since his commyng as before at large hath been rehearsed the greef of those proceadynges moued his pacience not a little yet notwithstandying he considered that his armie was furnished to fight with Indians and not armed to warre with Spanyardes Wherefore he determined to returne backe againe to the citie of the Kynges to encrease his power with more men and to accomplishe his preâ—ence forthwiâ—h he put in vre his returne SeÌ„ding vnto Cusco the Licenciat Espinosa to take order in the pacifiyng of the broiles whiche were begun and to enforme Don Diego that if the Emperor should knowe of the discord that was happened betweene them that then he would sende an other to take the charge from them bothe and enioye the lande whiche thei haâ— gotten with suche greate trauaill and perilles The Marques also desired hym that wheÌ„ he could not make any lawfull agrement betweene theim yet at the least that it might please Don Diego to sette his brethren at libertie and he to abide in Cusco and not to proceade any further till the matter should bee consulted and the Emperour to explane and declare what eche of them should quietly gouerne and possesse With this Embassage the Licenciat Espinosa departed on his iourney how bee it he could not bryng to passe any of those thinges whiche were committed to his discretion But whilest he was dealing in the agrement he fell sicke and died And Don Diego with his men came doune to the plaines leauyng in the citie for his lieutenant captaine Gabriell de Rojas in whose power he left prisoners Gonsalo Pisarro and Alonso Aluaradâ— and caried Hernando Pisarro prisoner in his companie and in this order he continued on his iourney till he came to the Prouince of Chincha whiche is within 20. leagues of the Citie of Kynges and there he builte a Toune in remembraunce of his possession of gouernement ¶ How the Marques ioyned his armie and how Alonso de Aluarado and Gonsalo Pisarro scaped out of Prison and what other thinges happened Chap. 8. WHen the Marques was returned to the Citie of the Kynges he commaunded all his men to bee paide for their seruice his armie multiplied by reason that he gaue to vnderstand how he ment to goe to resist and defende hym self against Don Diego de Almagro whâ— was commyng to inuade his gouernation so that in fewe daies his armie encreased to the number of 500. footemeÌ„ and horsmen among whom were many Hargubuziers by meane that Pedro de Vergara was retourned from the discouerie of Bracamiros and come in companie with Diego de Fuenmayor who had brought froÌ„ Flaunders where he was maried a greate number of Hargubuziers with all fuâ—niture to them belongyng for vntill his commyng were but fiue in all Peru. Whereupon the Marques appointed for Captaines of the Hargubuziers the saied Pedro de Vergara and Nunio de Castro and Diego Vrbina borne in Ordonia who was Nephewe to the Campe maister he ordained Captaine of the Pikemen He also appoincted Diego de Rojas Captaine of the Horsemen with Porausuerez Alonso de Mercadillio and now he named Pedro de Valdiuja Campe maister and Antonio de Vilalua cheefe Sariant In this meane while Gonsalo Pisarro and Alonso de Aluarado who remained Prisoners in Cusco brake Prisone and came to the Marqnes with the number of fiftie persones who had also taken Prisoner Gabriell de Rofas Liuetenaunt of Don Diego de Almagro with whose commyng the Marques reioyced excedyngly not onely because thei had escaped the perill that thei were in but also their commyng was a greate encouragement to all his armie So that now he appointed Gonsalo Pisarro Captaine general and Alonso de Aluarado Captaine of the Horsemen But when Don Diego de Almagro vnderstoode the skape made by his prisoners and the mightie power of the Marques he determined to come to some agreement with hym yea and he hymself to make the first motion For which purpose he sent with his full power and auctoritie Don Alonso Henriquiez and the Emperors Factor called Diego Nunez de Mercado also the Auditor Iuan de Gusman to deale with the Marques vpon some quiet conclusion Who when thei were come to the Marques and declared their message he was contented to put the matter in compromise in the handes of the reuerend father Francisco de Bouadilla and Don Diego consented thereunto Whereupon eache partie hauyng discouered his greefe and made whole relation of eache cause father Franciso hauyng indifferently vnderstoode the matter pronounced sentence in the which he commaunded that first and principally Hernando Pisarro who was prisoner should be set at libertie and the possession of the Citie of Cusco restored to the Marques as in his first estate and that bothe their armies should forthwith be discharged and to bee sent to discouer suche Countries as before that tyme was pretended and that both parties should enforme the Emperour of all their proceedinges to suche ende that his Maiestie might take order in their matters of discord And that bothe the Marques and Don Diego should come personally to talke the one with the other and for that purpose eache of them should meete at a Towne called Mala and bring with eache of them 12. Horsemen and no moe whiche Towne did stande in the midwaie of their two Campes And vpon the pronouncing of this sentence thei tooke their waie towarde the Towne of Mala although Gonsalo Pisarro gaue no great credit to y e truce that was taken nor yet
would so haue fallen out if it had bin accepted for truthe it was that the Marques company were those first daies like men that were so siâ—ke and farre out of order with wearinesse of the passage through the snoe in the Mountaines in consideration whereof the Marques descended doune into the plaines Don Diego passed to Cusco alwaies breakyng doune the bridges and spoylyng the high waies as he went thinkyng that the Marques had followed hym and wheÌ„ he was entred the Citie of Cusco he abode there two monethes ioynyng al his whole power and force of men together trimmyng and settyng in good order his armor municion and all his furniture necessarie for the warres he wrought weapoÌ„s of siluer and copper and of the same mettall he cast Ordenance and sortes of Artillerie ¶ How Hernando Pisarro came to Cusco with his armie and fought the battaile at Salinas and tooke Don Diego de Almagro Prisoner Chap. 11. THE Marques with all his armie beeyng in the plaines hauing descended from the MouÌ„taines he found among his Captaines sundrie opinions concerning their procedinges But in fine it was concluded that Hernando Pisarro should goe with the Hoste which was there in readinesse for the Marques Lieutenant vnto the Citie of Cusco and his brother Gonsalo Pisarro to bee his Captaine generall with title and voyce to execute iustice to certaine Citizens of Cusco which were in his companie who had made complaint of wrong that had bin doen vnto them by Don Diego de Almagro who had takeÌ„ their houses landes and Indian slaues from them against equitie and right In this sorte the armie marched on and the Marques returned to the Citie of the Kinges his brother Hernando Pisarro by ordenarie iourneyes came to the citie on an euenyng all his Captaines desired that thei might rest that night belowe in the plaines But Hernando Pisarro would not graunt their request rather he commaunded to pitche his Campe in the Mountaine The next mornyng followyng Rodrigo Orgonios was attendyng his commyng with all his power in battaill araie hauing for Captaines of his horsemen Francisco de Chaues Iuan Tellio and Vincent de Gueuara and on the Mountaine side he had certaine Spaniardes with a greate nomber of Indians to aide them and al the frendes seruitors of the Marques which were in the Citie were apprehended and kept prisoners in two seuerall partes of the Citie who were so many and imprisoned in so narrow a roome that many of them were stifled The next daie following Gonsalo Pisarro and his men hauing made their praiers vnto God descendyng from the Mountaine doune into the plaines where he ordained his Quadrons and marched towarde the Citie with intention to plante hym self vpon a high plot of grounde that standeth nere to the forte of the Citie thinkyng that Don Diego should discrie his mightie power that he would refuse the battaile the whiche was desired for many considerations and specially the greate bloodshed that was like to followe When Gonsalo Pisarro and Alonso de Aluarado sawe the traues that Orgonios set forthe thei brake in vpon the enemies and at the first encounter threwe to the ground aboue fiftie meÌ„ and when Rodrigo Orgonios came to the rescue he was wouÌ„ded with the bullet of a Hargabuze in his forehed which bullet passed through his hedpeece And after that he was wouÌ„ded he slue twoo men and thrust with his lance a seruant of Hernando Pisarro in at his mouthe thinkyng that it had been Pisarro hym self because he was well armed and gallantly attired And wheÌ„ bothe the armies were ioyned the battaile was on bothe sides valliantly fought vntill at length the Marques his side had the better hand and Don Diego his men began to turne their backes and flie in whiche flight a nomber were slaine But when Don Diego who stood on a high place to se the battaile because he was somewhat euill at ease sawe his men flie he saied By our lorde God I had thought that we had come hither to fight Then happened twoo horsmen to haue taken prisoner Rodrigo Orgonios vnto whom came another who had in tyme paste receiued a certaine iniurie at his handeâ— and in reuenge of the same strake of his hedde and in suche sort were vsed other some that had yelded them selues yet Hernando Pisarro could not defende theÌ„ although bothe he and his captaines did what thei might and the cause was that where the souldiars of Alonso de Aluarado had receiued by them the afrent at the bridge of AuaÌ„cay thei now procured to reuenge by al the meanes that might be deuised Yet the reuenge was suche that where captain Ruidiaz caried one behinde hym who had yeelded hym self there came another and slue hym with a Lance. WheÌ„ DoÌ„ Diego saw his armie ouerthrowen he went and lodged himself in the fortres of the Citie where GoÌ„salo Pisarro and Allonso de Aluarado tooke him prisoner The Indians seyng the battaill ended thei left fighting also so that the one and the other of theÌ„ went to strip the ded hodies of the Spaniardes Yea some of them were not fully ded but yet were also stripped naked for by reason of their woundes thei could not defend them selues from those that stripped them naked and there was none to disturbe them for the victors minded no other thing but to follow the victorie Yet bothe conquerers and conquered es +caped suche encounters that it had been a very easie thyng for the Indians to haue consumed them all if thei had been of courage seing the weakenesse that thei were in This battaill was fought the 26. daie of Aprill 1538. What passed after the battaill of Salinas otherwise called Salt pit and how Harnando Pisarro came to Spain Chapt. 12. WHen the battaill was finished Hernando Pisarro tooke greate paines to obtaine the loue and good will of the Capitaines whiche had serued Don Diego and remained aliue And when he sawe that he could not bryng his desire to passe he banished many out of the Citie and seeyng that he had not possibilite to gratifie those that had serued hym For eche of theim did thynke that if all the gouernement had been giuen hym yet the paiment was not sufficient wherevppon he determined to deuide his hoste and to sende his warriers to discouer the Lande whiche he had knowledge of wherein he brought to passe twoo thynges The one to remunerate his freendes and the other to banishe his enemies So that he sent Captaine Pedro de Candia with three hundred of his owne menne whereof parte were of those of Don Diego to take in hande a certaine conquest whiche had fame of greate riches And whereas Pedro de Candia hauyng taken the iourney could not bryng his desire to passe by meane that the waie was so asperous and troâ—blesome he retourned againe toward Collao with a Mutinie kindled emong his menne because one whose name was Mesa who had been Capitaine of the Artâ—llerie of tâ—e Marques had
one attired him selfe according to his possiblitie This countrey where the Zinamon groweth standeth vnder the Equinoctiall Lyne euen as the Ilandes of Maluco doth which also bringeth forth Zinamon which ordinarily is spente in Spayne and in other orientall partes How the inhabitantes of Chili began to conspire The Marques death Chap. 6. WHen Hernando Pisarro executed Don Diego de Almagro in the citie of Cusco hee sente a Sonne of his which he had begotteÌ„ of an Indian Woman to the citie of y e Kings whose name was also Don Diego de Almagro who was a vertuous younge man of great courage and well brought vp his chéefe exercise was to ride a horse well both after the Genet vse and warlike order in the which facultie hee prooued a gallaunt Horsman hee could also write and reade exceedinge well his Schoolemayster and Tutor was a Gentleman called Iuan de Herrada who had likewise the gouernment of his person The Father of this young man commended his Sonne vnto this man Now whan he was in the citie of the Kinges with his Pupill hee vsed greate conuersacion with such as he thought meete to bee of his parcialitie who were such as went waÌ„dring vp and downe in the Countrey without a guide as men lefte succourlesse and ouercome and none woulde entertaine them because they were with Don Diego de Almagro at the time of his ouerthrow Now Iuan de Herrada callinge to remembrance how Hernando Pisarro was gone into Spayne and his brother Gonsalo likewise gone into the countrey of Zinamon in discouery and hée also beeinge set at libertie by the Marques for vntill this time hee was as a Prisoner So that now the younge man and his Tutor began to prepare armour and other furniture of War in a readines meaning to reuenge his Fathers death the destruction which was made in his Fathers armie the remembrance wherof was as yet very fresh in minde although the Marques often times procured to haue them for his faithfull fréends but yet he could neuer bring his desire to effect wherupon hee tooke occasion to take from them certain Indians of seruice thinking by that meane they should not haue wherwithall to maintaine such as daily came vnto them but his pretence auayled not for they were so knitte togeather in league of freendship that all which they possessed was a thing common among them that which was gotten by play or stealth they brought to Iuan de Herrada his House as a common stocke to maintayne him withall so that dailye they multiplyed and furnished them selues with Armour yet not withstandinge there were many of the Marques freendes that gaue him warninge of their dooinge But hee not regarding their counsayle beeing a man of a gentle nature and condicion answered them saying that they should not encrease the sorrowe of the ouerthrowen men Alas quoth hee their greefe is great ynough to see themselues poore ouercomen and almost of all men abhorred Don Diego de Almagro and his companye beeinge assured of the playne meaninge of the Marques they became euery daye more shamelesse then other yea they letted not the cheefest of them to passe by the Marques in the streate without any submission or reuerence dooinge vnto him and also on a night they had tyed three Halters on the Picot which is a Piller wheron they vse to doo execution of hanginge in the Market place of euery cittie The one of those Halters was set towarde the Marques house and another towarde the house of his Liuetenant and the thirde toward the house of his Secretary Yet the Marques dissimuled all these dooinges excusinge them as men ouercome and without shame and therfore they vsed such practises But these longe sufferings made them a great deale the bolder so that from two hundred leagues distante came diuersâ— of the parcialitie which were tofore banished amonge whom they absolâ—tely conspired the Marques death and to bee Lorde of the Landeâ— as afterward followed Yet they stayed somewhat y e longer in the execution of their determination onely to heare some newes because they had vnderstanding that Captaine Diego de Aluarado â— was gone into Spayne to accuse Hernando Pisarro of his former proceedinges and how Hernando was for his offence apprehended and the cause earnestly followed they had also intelligence how his Maiestie had prouided the Lycenciat Vaca de Castro to come into Peru to make informacion of all the former successe but not to punishe the offences with such rygor as they expected Wherevpon leauing all delaies aside they foorthwith determined to execute their intended purpose although they had a great desire to se what Vaca de Castro woulde do saying that if this new Iudge do not as soone as hée commeth apprehend and put to death the Marquez that then they would murther them bothe together and for to haue more assured aduertisement they sent Don Alonso de Monte Mayor towarde Tumbez others in his companie Because there were certayn shippes arriued which came from Panama who brought newes how Vaca de Castro was preparyng his viage into Peru. Afterwarde it happened that when Vaca de Castro had inbarked him selfe in Panama the currant of the Sea being contrary draue him in sutch sorte to Léeward that he was forced to come on lande at the Ilande of Gorgona and to passe vp the Riuer of Sainct Iohn and by good happe came into the gouernacion of Benalcasar and from thence passed by lande into Peru as hereafter more particuler shalbe declared The men of Chili séeyng the delay in the comyng of Vaca de Castro they suspected that by their owne delay of their pretence intelligence might be geuen to him of their doynge and thereby bee an occasion of the losinge of all their liues So that they now were agréed to execute theyr intente as in this chapter folowinge shalbe declared How the Marquez his friendes gaue him a speciall warnyng of the order of the conspiracie of his death Chap. 7. IT was openly knowen in the Cittie of the Kinges how the men of Chili had conspyred the Marques his death many of his fréends giuing him warning thereof vnto whome he made aunswer saying that their heads should kéepe his so y t in fine he was carelesse of his enimies in such wise that oftentymes he would goe out of the Cittie to certayne Milles that he had a making with only his Lacky 〈◊〉 â—ttend vpoÌ„ him And to such as demaunded of him wâ—â— he had not a Garde to wayte vpon him he would say that he would not that men should thinke that he stoode in feare of the Lycenciate Vaca de Castro who was comming for to be Iudge against him Wherupon the men of Chili blewe abroade that Vaca de Castro was dead séeing that the Marquesse stood in such securitie of him selfe So that on a daye Iuan de Herrada went to visite him at his house with certayne of his parcialitie and founde him in his Garden where after certayne wordes
Chāber his brother Francisco Martin helping to arme him with two Gentlemen and two Pages the one was called Iuan de Vargas who was sonne to Gomes de Tardoya and the other was named Escandon who séeing the enemie so nigh that they had not tyme to arme theyr Maister the Marquesse tooke his sworde and Target which is a shéelde of leather in hande and came to his Chamber doore where he and his folke valiauntly defended them selues a good space and fought so manfully that the enimies coulde not enter saying with a lowde voice Oh brother vpon them vpon them let them dye like Traytors as they are But the men of Chili fought so long that they slew Francisco Martin in whose place entred one of the Pages The Chili men séeing them defend them selues so long fearing that succour might come and assault them on theyr backes they determyned to put the matter in hazarde so that they tooke one of theyr owne company and thrust him in at the doore with force of hande being well armed and whylst the Marquesse was occupied in killing of him the residue had tyme to enter the Chamber doore and they all with one accord stroke at the Marquesse who fought so long with them that with verie wearinesse his sworde fell out of his hands and then they slew him with a pricke of a Rapyer through his throte and when he was fallen to the ground and his winde fayling him he cryed vnto God for mercie and when he had so done he made a crosse on the ground and kissed it and then incontinent yéelded vp the Ghost and when he was fully dead they slew also his two Pages And on the Chili side were foure slaine and diuers others wounded When this sorrowfull newes was knowne in the Cittie there came aboue two hundred men to ayde Don Deigo de Almagro for though they were armed and in a readinesse yet they durst not come abroade tyll they perfectly knew how the matter would passe But now they ran vp and downe the Cittie taking the Armor from such as were comming to succour the Marquesse When the murderers came out of the Marquesse house with theyr blooddye swordes in theyr handes they foorthwith caused Don Diego to mount vpon his Horse and to passe through the chéefest stréetes of the Cittie saying that in all Peru there was no other Gouernour but onely he nor yet any King aboue him And when this was done he sackt the Marquesse house and also the houses of his Brother his Secretarie And then he compelled the Councell State of the Cittie to receyue Don Diego for theyr gouernour vnder y e collour of the Capitulation which was tofore made with his Maiestie at the beginning of y e discouerie which in effect was That Don Diego de Almagro should haue the gouernment of newe Toledo and after his decease his sonne or whome he should appoint to enioy the same When all this dilligence was done they commaunded to be slaine certayne Uassailes which were knowne to be seruaunts and fréends to the Marquesse It was a sorrowfull spectacle to behold and heare the Wiues of dead men what dolefull cries they made yea the lamentable words that they spake The corpes of the Lord Marquesse certaine Negros drew a long the stréetes toward the Church none durst burie him vntyll Iuan de Barbaran Cittizen of Trugillio who somtyme had béen seruaunt to the Marquesse he and his Wife buried bothe the Marquesse and his Brother aswell as they might hauing first obteined licence for that fact of Don Diego they made all the haste possible to burie him and yet they had not leysure to attyre him according to the vsuall ceremony of Knights of the order of S. Iames because they were aduised how the men of Chili were comming to cutte off the Marquesse head for to put it on the Picot which is a Gallowes after their vse In this forme Iuan de Barbaran buried his Lord and Maister and after the buriall he caused the Funerall pompe to be solemnized according as he was able at his owne cost After all this good wyll and dilligence was shewed he went to séeke his Chyldren which went wandring astray to procure theyr securitie The Chili men were now Lordes and Rulers in the Cittie By this successe we may learne and sée the worldly thinges and the varietie of Fortune that in so short a tyme a Gentleman who had discouered conquered and gouerned so great Countries so many Kingdomes such innumerable sums of Treasure who had giuen so great rentes and liuings in respect of time the greatest Prince in the world had not done the lyke And now to be suddenly slaine by the handes of onely twelue men at noone tyme being in a Cittie where all the Cittizens wer◠eyther his seruants Kinsemen or Soldiours vnto whome generally he had giuen sufficient liuing and none among them would come to succour him nay rather they fled away euen the Seruaunts of his owne house his noble corps so vily buried And all the infinite Treasure which he possessed consumed in a moment not hauing so much left to burie him according to the degrée and state of his person and all these thinges to happen vnto him after he had thereof sufficient warning by sundrie men as héere before hath bene declared This hath happened the. xxvi day of Iune .1541 Of the customes and qualities of the Marquesse Don Francisco Pisarro and the Discouerer Don Diego de Almagro Chap. 9. SIthens this Historie and Discouery of the Prouince of Peru hath origen from the two valiant Captaines of whome hyther vnto we haue spoken Who are y e Marquesse Don Francisco Pisarro and Don Diego de Almagro It is méete and conuenient to write theyr customes and qualities comparing them together as Plutarchus vseth when he writeth of two Captains which are in any respect comparable one to the other and touching the lynage of these our Captaines at the beginning of this Historie is written asmuch as could be knowen But in the residue they were bothe valiaunt persons of great courrage they were also great sufferers of paynes trauails and verie vertuous they were fréends to doo plesure to al men at theyr owne cost They were much lyke of inclynation especially in the state of lyuing for neyther of them was married although the youngest of them bothe at the tyme of theyr death was aboue thrée score and fiu◠yéeres of age They were bothe enclined to affayres of Warres although Don Diego de Almagro when occasion of Warres wanted applied him selfe to thinges of gaynes they were néere of one age when they tooke the conquest of Peru in hande in which Discouerie and conquest they tooke the paynes which hath bene declared although the Marquesse dyd suffer greater trauaile and passed greater peryls then Don Diego For whylst the one was occupied in the greatest part of the Discouerie the other abode in Panama prouiding necessaries Furniture
invite eyther of them They were equally abstynent and moderate in theyr féeding and dyet as also in refraining of sensuallitie and especially from abusing of any Spanish Women for they déemed that they could not deale therein without preiudice of theyr neighbours whose Wiues or Daughters those Women were they neyther ouermuch enclyned to the Indian Women The Marquesse had the company of an Indian Gentlewoman who was sister to Atabalâ—ba by whome he had a Sonne named Don Gonsalo who deceassed at fowretéene yeeres of age and a Daughter named Donca Francisca By an other Indian Woman of Cusco he had an other Sonne called Don Francisco Don Diego de Almagro had that sonne of whome we haue spoken who slewe the Marquesse which Sonne he had by an Indian Woman of Panama They bothe receyued honour at the Emperours hands for as hath bene declared to Don Francisco Pisarro he gaue the tyttle or addition of Marquesse and made him Gouernour of newe Castile and also ordayned him Knight of the order of Saint Iames. To Don Diego de Almagro he gaue the gouernment of newe Toledo and the tytle of chéefe Discouerer Particulerly the Marquesse was greatly affectioned and helde in great feare and reuerence the name of his Maiestie in so much that he abstayned from dooing of many thinges that he had power to doo declaring that he would not that his Maiestie should say how he ascended in the Land and oftentymes when he was present at the melting of the Syluer and Golde he would ryse from his Chayre to take vp the graynes of Syluer and Golde which fell from the clypping saying that with his mouth when handes fayled he woulde gather together the kinges porcion These two Gentlemen were equall euen in theyr kindes of death for the Marquesse brother put Don Diego to deathâ— and Don Diego his Sonne slewe the Marquesse The Marquesse was desirous to benefit the Countrey by tyllage and other commodities He buylt a fayre house in the Cittie of the kinges he also buylt for the benefite of the Cittie two rowes of Mylles along the Riuer side in which buylding he occupied him selfe at all tymes of leysure giuing his councell and opinion to the Maister workemen He tooke great paynes in setting forwarde the workes of the Cathedrall Church of the Cittie of the kinges and other lyke Monumentes Howe Don Diego de Almagro the younger ioyned an Armie of men of Warre and howe he slewe certaine Gentlemen and howe Alonso de Aluarado spread his Ensigne for his Maiestie Chap. 10. AFter that Don Diego had gotten the Citie into his power and taken the wandes of Iustice from the Officers and placed other by his owne election he then apprehended Doctour Velasques Lieutenannt to the Marquesse and Antonio Picado his Secretarie and chose for the chéefe Captaynes of his warres Iuan Tellio Cittizen of Ciuile and Francisco Chaues and also Sotelo WheÌ„ the noyse was spread abroade of the election of these new Captaynes all the Uagabounds and ydle persons which were in that countrey came to this cittie pretending lybertie to robbe spoyle and lyue at pleasure And to furnishe those Roges with money he tooke the Fiftes appertayning to the King and also the goodes of such as were deceassed which was kept in a common Chest to performe theyr Testamentes and Legacies But afterwarde discencion began to growe among them selues for some of the principall personnes mooued with enuie were mynded to kyll Iuan de Herrada séeing that although Don Diego had the name of gouernour and Captayne generall yet the sayde Herrada ruled and gouerned all And the mutiny being knowen many were executed especially Francisco de Chaues and also Anthonio de Oribuela Citizen of Salamanca was beheaded Because when he came from Spaine he sayde that they were Tyrants Afterwarde Don Diego sent his Messengers vnto all the Citties of his gouernment wylling them to admytte and receyue him for theyr gouernour And although he was accepted in the most Citties for the feare onely which they had of him yet in Chachapoyas where Alonso de Aluarado was Lieutenant as soone as the Pursuiuantes were come with the commaundement from Don Diego he commaunded them to be arrested and also fortified him selfe to withstand him in obedience and had an especiall confidence in the people of the Countrey and also in a hundred men of warre which he had attending on his person Whereupon he spread his Ensigne on the behalfe of his Maiestie esteeming in nothing the threatninges bragges and fayre promises of Don Diego which were written vnto him by his Letters But rather made a playne aunswer that in no wyse he would receyue him for Gouernour vntyll such tyme as his Maiestie should commaund the same by expresse order and Commission And in the meane whyle he hoped through the helpe of God and those Gentlemen which were in his company to reuenge the death of the Lorde Marquesse and to punishe theyr disobedience and offences doone against his Maiestie When Don Diego vnderstoode the pretence of Aluarado incontinent he dispatched Captayne Garcia de Aluarado with a great company of foote men and Horse men commaunding him to encounter and giue him the Onset with all his industrie and power and that in the way as he should passe to enter into the Citie of Saint Mighell and there to take bothe Armor and Horses from the Cittizens and at his returne to doo the lyke in the Cittie of Trâ—gillio In this order Garcia de Aluarado tooke his iorney by Sea vntyll he arriued at Puetia Sancta which standeth fifteene Leagues distaunt from Trugillio where he mette Captaine Alonso Cabrera who came flying away with all the people of the Towne of Guanuco to ioygne with the Cittizens of Trugillio against Don Diego which cause being perfectly knowen he tooke bothe him and certayne of the chéefest of his company Who as soone as he was come to the Cittie of Saint Mighell he caused to strike of the heads bothe of him and one Villegas which came in his company Howe the Cittie of Cusco arose for his Maiestie and chose for their Captayne generall Pedro Aluares Holgui and what followed Chap. 11. WHen the Messengers and Prouisions of Don Diego came to the Cittie of Cusco where at that tyme Diego de Silua sonne of Felisiano de Silua borne in the Cittie of Rodrigo and Francisco de Caruatall Sheriffes of the Cittie But Caruatall was afterwarde Campe maister to Gonsalo Pisarro So that the Estate of the Cittie agréede in Councell not to allowe nor yet receyue him although openly they durst not denie his commaundement and request vntyll they might pefectly vnderstande and know what number of men prouision he had in readinesse to procéede with his enterprise whervpon they made a bréefe aunswere saying that they desyred it might please Don Diego to send a more ample authoritie and power touching the premisses then as yet he had done then in continent they would allowe the same After that the Messengers were
men of warre whiche he there furnished with Armor Pikes and gonpouder that there he had caused to be made Then Vaca de Castra deuided the horsemen whiche he had brought with hym betwene Pedro Aluarez Pedro Ausuerez and Garcilaso de la Vega whom he ordeined captaines of the horsemen and part of the footemen he commended to Pedro de Vargas and Nunio de Castro who were appointed for captaines of infauterie He like wise ordeines other two companies the one of horsemen which he assigned to Gomes de Aluarado the other of hargabuziers which he appointed to the Bachellier Iuan Velez de Gueuara who although he were a Lawier yet he was an excellent good souldiar and of an excedyng good industrie For he it was that deuised to make the Hargabuzes for the souldiars of his companie and neuerthelesse did excercise also his vocatioÌ„ towardes the law For it did appere that he was in those daies appointed Iudge whiche office he did vse in the fore noone of euery daie at the after noone he apparelled him self as a good Souldiar in hose and dublet of colours enbrodred with gold whiche becam him exceding well with his Ierken and plume of fethers with his Hargabuze on his shulder excercisyng bothe hym and his men in the practise of their peeces In this forme Vaca de Castro ordeined his hoste the which were in noÌ„ber 700 men whereof were 370 horsemen a 170 Hargabuziers and the residue were footemeÌ„ He appointed for cheef sariant of the Campe Francisco de Carauajall who after ward was campe maister to Gonsalo Pisarro By whose order the whole hoaste was gouerned because he was experte in the warres had exercised the experieÌ„ces of a souldiar aboue xl yeres he had likewise borne office of liutenant or captain in Italy In this meane while came messengers to Vaca de Castro from Gonsalo Pisarro who had returned vnto Quito from the discouerie of the land of Zinamon as before hath been declared by the saied messengers he signified vnto hym how he ment â—o aide him with all his force Unto whom Vaca de Castra wrote giuyng him moste hartie thankes for his gentle offer praiyng hym that he would not trouble hym self but rather at that present abide in Quito because ê™ he I hope to come to some good ende with DoÌ„ Diego and that he will submit him self to his maiesties seruice This aunswere he made thinkyng to bridle the presumption of Gonsalo Pisarro and also he likewise imagined that his coÌ„myng would hinder the agrement with Don Diego because Pisarro might hope of some reuenge and for that consideration also Don Diego would feare to yeeld hym self Others helde opinion that if Gonsalo Pisarro should happen to come to the Campe that then he would presume to take vpon hym the office of Generall beyng a man so well beloued emoÌ„g the Commonaltie alâ— these thinges considered Vaca de Castro commaunded that the Lorde Marques his children should remaine in the custodie and charge of their Tutors in the Cities of saint Mighell and Trugillio and in nowise come to the Citie of the Kynges vntill other order should be taken because the securitie of their persones was there more certain then in Lynia How Vaca de Castro proceded with his hoste froÌ„ Xauxa to Guamanga and what passed betweene hym and Don Diego Chapt. 16. WHen Vaca de Castro had set in order his armie in Xauxa he proceded towardes Guamanga in whiche iourney he had vnderstandyng how Don Diego was commyng towarde hym and either to take the Towne or els to plant him self with his power to hinder his passage at a Riuer whiche of force he should passe so that in the takyng of either of them the anoiance should haue been great to the enemie because the toune is enuironed with valleies of greate depth whiche did excedingly fortifie But Captaine Diego de Rojas who with his companie led the waie forsawe those daungers who also had knowledge of the pretence of Don Diego and thereupon in shorte space built there a Tower to abide the commyng of Vaca de Castro who hauyng intelligence thereof made the more haste sendyng before Captaine Castro with certaine hargubuzers â—o fortifie another euill peece of waie whiche stood not farre â—roÌ„ GuamaÌ„ga called the hill of Parcas When Vaca de Castro on an euenyng came within two Leagues of Guamanga he was aduised that the same night Don Diego ment to enter into the Toune this newes contented hym not because a greate parte of his armie were farre behinde so that Alonso de Aluarado was forced to returne to gather them together and when he had so doen he came with them in good order although some had iourneyed the same daie more then fiue Leagues armed with great paine and trauaile by reason that the waie was asperous with Rocks and Creckes descendyng betweene hilles so that at length thei passed by the towne and lodged all that night on the other side in their armour because thei had no certaine newes from their enemies vntill the next daie that the Camp was assured by the scoutes who had discouered more then sixe Leagues of grouÌ„d and brought likewise aduertisement how Don Diego was at the least nine Leagues from their Campe. Whereupon Vaca de Castro wrote vnto hym by Francisco Diaquez brother vnto Alonso Diaquez secretarie to his Maiestie who was come from Don Diegâ— his Campe to praie and require hym on the behalf of his Maiestie that he would accepte and come to yeeld him self vnder the royall standarde and in so doyng and also in dischargyng his armie he should be pardoned of all his former doinges but if he refused his mercifull offer that then he would proceede against hym with all rigor of iustice as against a traitor rebell and disloyall subiecte to his Prince Whilest this messenger was goyng on his affaires he sent a footeman by another waie clothed in the Indians attire with sundrie letters to many Gentlemen which were with DoÌ„ Diego But this footemaÌ„ could not passe so secretly for by the print of his feete passyng through the snoe he was knowne and also takeÌ„ prisoner who as soone as he was brought before DoÌ„ Diego was forthwith commauÌ„ded to be hanged and likewise Don Diego founde him self greatly agreeued with the subtill pollicie and cautell of Vaca de Castro considering that one waie he delt for peace and contrariwise he sent to sowe mutynie in his CaÌ„p Whereupon in presence of the messenger he ordained al his Captaines and men of warre throughly furnished to giue the battaile and proclaimed also that who soeuer should kill any Citizen both the wife and Indians of the dead should be giuen vnto him this doen he sent aunswere to Vaca de Castro by the same messenger by Diego de Mercado y t in no wise he would yeeld any obedience vnto hym whilest his enemies were in his coÌ„panie who were Pedro Aluarez Holguin Alonso de Aluarado with their consorts likewise he ment
to doo consideringe y â— great number of Indians which daily came to serue in those workes wherby victualles grew to such a dearth that a bushell of Maiz came to be worth twentie castlins of Gold and a bushell of Wheate as much and a Sacke of the earbes called Coca was worth .30 poyzes yea and afterward it came to bee derer yet through the great treasure which there was founde all the other Mines were left vnhabited and especially the Mines of Porco where Hernando Pisarro had a great porcion of ground out of the whiche hee gathered great riches The Mines also which gathered gold in Cambaya other riuers left their workes came to Potosi because they fouÌ„d there greater profit without coÌ„parison They which vnderstand in these workes holde opinion that by manifest tokens these Mines are of perpetuitie With this good successe Captayne Carauajal began to gather great summes of treasure in such sorte y t he tooke possession of al the Indians and Anaconas of such Spaniards as were slayne or fled or had been agaynst him in his former warre so that in short time he obtained into his power the sum of seuen hundred thousand poyzes and would not ther of ayde his soldiours with any thing who had folowed him in al his warres whervpon they began to murmur among them selues and were minded to kill him The chief of this mutiny were Luis pardomo Alonso de Camargo Diego de Balmazeda Diego de Luxan there were nere 30. persons which determined to execute the sayd pretence within one month after Carauajal was come to the town of Plata But through a mischance which hapned they deferred the matter til another day This practise was not so secretly wrought but that Carauajal came to knowledge therof whervpoÌ„ he commanded Luis Pardomo Camargo Orbanejâ—â— Balmasedaâ— and other .10 or 12. persons of the principallest to be quartered and others banished so y t with the execution of sutch cruell Iustices in causes of Mutynies the people were so feared that they neuer durst at any time after to deale in the like practises FINIS The Table of the Chapters contayned in this present Booke OF the notice had of Peru how the discouery was begun ca. 1. fo 1 How Don Francisco Pisarro abode in the Ile of Gorgona and how with a small companye of men hee sayled beyond the Equinoctiall Lyne cap. 2. fo 2 How Don Francisco Pisarro came into Spayne to giue knowledge of his trauaile discouery of Peru to the Emperor his Maiestie ca. 3 fo 4 Of the people which inhabite vnder the Equinoctiall Lyne and other notable thinges which there are found cap. 4. fo 4. Of the vaynes of Pitche which are found at the Cape called Destahelenâ— of the Gyants which somtime dwelt in those parts ca. 5. fo 5 Of the people and thingâ—s which are beyonde the Equinoctiall Lyne toward the South alonge the Sea coaste ca. 6. fo 7. Of the ordenary winde which bloweth in the Playnes and the reason of the drynes of that soyle cap. 7. fo 9. Of the qualitie of the Mountaynes of Peru and the habitacion of Indians and Christians cap. 8. fo 11. Of y e cities of Christians which are in the mouÌ„taines of Peru. ca. 9 fo 13 Of y e opinion which y e Indians held touching their creacioÌ„ ca. 10 fo 16 Of the rites sacrifice which the Indians vsed in Peru. cap. 11. fo id What the Indians opinion is touchinge the resurrection of the body ca 12. fo 17 Of the Origen of the Kings of Peru which were called Ingas ca. 13 fo id Of the notable things which Guaynacaua built in Peru cap. 14 fo 19 Of the estate of the Warres in Peru at the time of the Spanyardes comming into that Countrey cap. 15. fo 22 The second Booke OF the Conquest atchiued by Don Francisco Pisarro and his men in the Prouince of Peru cap. 1 fo 25 Of thinges which happened to the Gouernour in the Iland of Puna and the conquest therof cap. 2. fo 26 How the Gouernour went to Tumbez and of the conquest which hee there obtayned vntill hee inhabited the citie of S. Mighell ca. 3. fo id How the gouernor went to Caxamalca what there hapned ca. 4 fo 28 How y e battaile was fought w t Atabaliba he taken prisoner ca. 5 fo 29 How Atabaliba commaunded his Brother Guascar to be slayne and how Hernando Pisarro discouered in the countrey cap. 6 fo 31 How Atabaliba was put to death vpon surmise that hee would haue slaine the Christians and how Don Diego de Almagro went into Peru the seconde Iorney cap. 7 fo 34 How Ruminagui Captayne to Atabaliba rebelled made insurrecâ—ion in the land of Qâ—ito how the gouernor passed to Cusco ca. 8 fo 3â— How Captaine Benalcasar went to the conquest of Quito cap. 9 fo 38 How Pedro de Aluarado came to Peru â— what hapned vnto him ca. 10 fâ— 39 How Don Diego de Almagro met with Don pedro de Aluarado and what followed cap. 11 fo 41 How Don Diego de Almagro and Don pedro de Aluarado met with Captayne Quixquix and what passeâ— betweene them cap. 12 fo 42 How the Gouernour payde to Don pedro the 100000 poyzes accordinge to agreemente and how Don Diego would intrude into the gouernment of Cusco cap. 13 fo 44 The thirde Booke HOw Don Diego de Almagro toke his iorney toward Chili ca 1 fo 45 Of the paines troubles that Don Diego and his army passed in y e way toward Chili of certain particularities of y e couÌ„trey ca 2 fo 4â— Of the returne of Hernando pisarro into Peru of the prouisiâ—ns which he brought with him and of the rebellion of the Indians cap. 3 fo 48 How Don Diego de Almagro beseeged Cusco and tooke Hernando pisarro prisoner cap. 4 fo 49 How the Indians slew many succours which the Gouernour sente to ayde his Brother in Cusco cap. 5 fo 51 How the Marques sent to demaund helpe into diuerse partes how Captayne Alonso de Aluarado came to ayde him cap 6 fo 52 How the Marques went to Cusco to succour his Brother and by the way as hee wente hearinge of the victory of Alonso de Aluarado hee returned to the Cittie of the Kinges cap. 7 fo 54 How the Marques gathered a new Army and how Alonso de Aluarado and Gonsalo Pisarro brake out of Prison cap. 8 foâ— 55 How both the Gouernors met and how Hernando Pisarro was set at lybertie cap. 9 fo 56 How y e Marques proceeded against Don Diego and how hee retyred to Cusco cap 10 Eodem How Hernando Pisarro wente towarde Cusco with his Armye and the Battayle of Salinas cap. 11. fo 57 What happened after the Battayle of Salinas was fought and how Hernando Pisarro returned into Spayne cap. 12 fo 59 What hapned to captain Valdiuia in his voiage toward chili ca. 13 f. 6â— The fourth Booke HOw Gonsalo Pisarro
prepared his Iorney to the countrey of â—inamon cap. 1. fo â—â— How Gonsalo pisarro departed from Quito and came to the countrey of Zinamon and what happened in his waye cap. 2 fo Eodem Of the villages and countreyes that Gonsalo pisarro passed til he came to the place where hee built a Uergantine cap. 3 fo 63 How Francisco de Arellana fled with the Uergantine and what trouble happened by the wante therof cap. 4 fo 64 How Gonsalo Pisarro returned to Quito and what extremities he passed câ—p 5 fo 66 How the dwellers at Chili procured the Marques death cap. 6 fo 67 How y e Marques was auised of y e conspiracy pretended cap. 7 fo 68 Of the death of the Marques Don Francisco Pisarro cap. 8 fo 70 Of the natural condicion custome and qualitie of the Lord Marques and also of Don Diego de Almagro cap. 9 fo 72 How Don Diego de Almagro gathered an Army put certayne Gentlemen to death and how Alonso de Aluarado rose on the behalfe of his Maiestie cap. 10 fo 75 How the Cittie of Cusco arose on the kinges side and chose for their cheefe Captaine Pedro Aluarez Holguin what followed ca. 11 fo 76 How Don Diego wente to seeke Pedro Aluarez and when hee coulde not ouertake him hee passed to Cusco cap. 12 fo 77 How Vaca de Castro came to the Campe of Pedro Aluarez and Alonso de Aluarado who receiued him for their Gouernor and what followed cap 13 fo 79 How Don Diego slue Garcia de Aluarado in Cusco and how hee made all his power against Vaca de Castro cap. 14 fo 80 How Vaca de Castro departed from the Cittie of the Kinges to Xauxa and what there was doone cap 15 fo 81 How Vaca de Castro went with his Host from Xauxa to Guamanga and what hee passed with Don Diego cap. 16 fo 82 How Vaca de Castro brought his Army into the Feelde to giue the battayle and what therupon followed cap. 17 fo 83 How Vaca de Castro moued forward his squadrons agaynst Don Diego cap. 18 fo 84 How the battayle of Chpa as was fought cap 19 fo 85 How Vaca de Castro gaue vnto his souldiers for the victory ca. 20 fo 87 Of the Iustice which was executed vpon y e offenders cap. 21 fo 8â— How Vaca de Castro sent to discouer the Countrey into seuerall places cap. 22 fo Of the ritch Mynes of Potosi cap. 23 fo FINIS Euery league conâ—aineth 3. Englishe Miles Great Lizarâ— The Tree called Maugle 12. Men only remaine with Don Francisco Pisarro The names of the first discoueâ—ersâ— Sweet Trees of a straungâ— Balme The decking of the Idols temple Golde Giants Gyants teeth Raffes Indian deceiptâ— A strange Orchard A sharpe punishment A strange thing The length of peru â—800â— Leagues Note Fiue Citties Puerto Viejo S. Mighell Trugillio The Cittie called Reiâ— in the Prouince of Lyma Aroquipa Chili Indian pins Hunting Foulâ— Coca Quito Chichapoya Leuanto Gâ—anuco Leon. Villa de â—lata Spanyards Cloysteâ— wemen A maruâ—ilous obedience Princelie estate Mitiâ—aes chimocappa Battaile Seconde Battailâ— Guâ—scar takeÌ„ Pâ—isoâ—er Coaque Ouersight Canes of fresh water Volcan A perilous passâ—ge An example of true Loue. A traitor 100000 poizes for agreeâ—ment Iustiâ—â— 14. Spanyardes beheddedâ— â— solemne â—the Iustice. 30. degreeâ—â— â—ote Amazoâ—â—â— Maakeâ— Death of IhoÌ„ Pisarro 300. horsemen slaine by the Indians The policie of a good Captaine Pride hath a fall at length An Earthâ—uake Volcan zinamon The building of a Vergantine A shifte Another Vergantine Note Maranion â—reat hunger A noble minde The cruell death of the Marquesse Pollicie