Priest than a Christian Bishop After about two hours Travel more we came Leeuwe to another little City call'd Leeuwe We went to this for a good way upon an old broken pitch'd Cause-way The ground about this City is flat and low At a distance the Meadows seem very wet and soft which is the reason of this made way but as we came nearer the City the wet seem'd to encrease and about the City there seems to be a perfect Morass or Bog There were some out-works set here and there upon some dry spots in it We found the Gates ruin'd the Walls in a very ruinous condition and many heaps of Rubbish about in the Town within It is now whatever it may have been formerly a very wretch'd place This City is within the Quarter of Louvain but just upon the Borders of it for soon after we were gone from this place we entred upon the Dominions of the Prince of Leige There was a Spanish Garison now in the Town who had deckt their Guard house with Boughs and hung their Colours out at the Windows We found also the Streets strow'd with fresh Greens which things were the signs of a Procession that had been there this Day A good big Bell was calling People to Church and they were hastening to catch I suppose the Benediction at Compline We did not alight nor stop here When we were out of the City we past by a pretty large Lake which was on our left hand at a little distance from us and lies very near the Walls of the City on that side Near this City at the distance of about two Hours was fought the famous Battle of Landen in the Year 1693 in which Luxemburg the French General in his last Campaign won the Field and lost his Army he might indeed pretend some right to it when it was strow'd with the Dead Bodies of his best and boldest Troops who were chiefly his Switzers And he had reason to be very pertinacious in the Case tho' he expos'd his men to a Prodigious slaughter sor the double number which he had to that of the Confederates would have doubled his shame at least if he had suffer'd himself to be beat off He therefore push'd on his own men to be kill'd as long as the Ammunition of the Confederates lasted and then those he had left kept the Field About an Hour after we left Leeuwe we came St. Tryden to St. Truyden which was to be our resting place for this night This was they say in ancient times the chief City of those Gauls whom Julius Caesar calls Centrones and of whom he has much to say This perhaps may be the occasion of the corrupted name which some in late times have given to this City calling it St. Tron The name of St. Truyden it has from the Monastery of St. Trudo which is here It is a Monastery of the Benedictines This City with a Territory about it almost to the Gates of Leeuwe is subject to the Prince of Leige But half the City is the revenue of the Abbot of this Monastery and when the Magistrates of the City are chosen this Abbot chuses an equal number with the Prince We came late to Town and all Churches were shut the doors of this Monastery were just then shutting so we could see nothing within Indeed the mean appearance of the outside of all things here made us the less curious or desirous to see the Inside of any Places One Church there was whicâ— had its Steeple down to the ground a great deal of rubbish lay about it A Wall was set up to close the West end but that seem'd in danger of falling too yet the Windows of the Church were whole and I suppose it is used Almost all the Houses we saw here lookt old and ruinous We lodg'd in a House that seem'd to have a good deal of room but it was very ill accommodated Our Chamber had 4 pittiful Beds in it and all of them were possess'd We willingly left this wretched place betimes Borchloen the next Morning and took our way for Maestricht through the Cities of Borchloen and Tongeren both within the Principallity of Leige Borchloen commonly call'd Lootz has some Jurisdiction over the neighbouring Villages in a little compass And these are known to have belong'd to it up as high as to the time of Charlemaigne and before that It was formerly with those Villages call'd the County of Drostein from the Lords of that name to whom the whole belong'd It appear'd now a miserable poor and ruinous place and to have nothing worth observing We past through it without stopping We went on to Tongeren and there staid an hour or two to refresh our selves This City is Tongeren miserable old and small now but was worthy if we could have staid to have been well view'd and consider'd for the old ruines that are about it We observ'd several pelces of great Stone Walls which evidently enough show'd that they had belong'd to something more Magnificent than the sorry buildings that now depend upon them Having a little time after Dinner I went out and observ'd a great deal of this in going to the Church which I would have seen but it was shut There is now a Wall about the City but ruinous as well as the Gates of it and of but little compass It lies upon a little River call'd the Jecker which comes down from Borchworm having had its rise not far above that and from Tongeren it runs down to Maestricht where it enters the Maese This City has its name as Munster says tho' some give it a much higher Original from a People of Germany call'd Tungri who were the first of them that pass'd the Rhine They pass'd it seems the Maese too and possessing a vast Country here about built here their Chief or Head City Many Cities in Brabant either built by this People or Conquer'd by them were subject to this It has been the Seat of a Race of Kings who had a great extent of Dominion Those Princes call'd the Pepins from whom descended the famous Charlemagin deriv'd themselves from the Race of these Kings It is very probable that this Dominion extended it self over great part of Brabant the County of Namur and even to Cologne The Memorials of which are thought to be several Towns scatter'd about in this Tract of Land whose names resemble that of Tongeren As Tongerheim near Colen Tongerloo a Town far from hence in Brabant near Herentals And Tongrin in the Province of Namur It is not to be doubted but Pliny in his Natural History speaks of the Spaa Water which he puts within the Dominion of this City and which lies in the Province of Leige between the Maese and the Rhine Guicciardinâ— tells us there is to be seen at Tongeren as what I suppose was remaining in his time tho' we heard nothing of it an Ancient Heathen Temple 't is but little says he and
the Piece is the Virgin Mary represented as looking up to the Persons above and pointing downwards Below her is an Angel looking I think towards her as to receive her Directions and reaching downwards under him are a Company of People making grievous Faces and in the midst of Flames the Angel has hold of one and is hawling him out and the rest are holding up their hands towards him as desiring to be lifted out likewise A delicate Fiction fit for Poets or Painters who as Horace says have a Potestas quidlibet audendi but which ought not to be put upon People by the Teachers of Christianity as an Article of Faith Here they are taught the Invention of Purgatory and to look upon the Blessed Virgin as the chief Mediatrix and Interceder for the Souls there And these things they are likely to be taught for the Gain and Advantage which the Pope and Roman Clergy derive from them till the Spirit of Truth shall prevail in them above the Love of the world The English Jesuites have their House in Jesuites some of the highest Ground in the City it certainly stands very aiâ—y and pleasant and healthy As we went up to it we mounted through one Street which is pav'd in the manner of Steps these Steps were about Two or Three Feet broad and Three or Four Inches high Thus we climb'd a great way at length we came to their House When we left the Street we had still an ascent of I believe Sixty Stone Steps to mount to the Door of the College these Steps were of the common hard blue Stone of this Country and I believe each of them a Foot in height We were civilly and easily admitted upon saying only that we were Englishmen come out of Curiosity to see the Country After a little waiting we were conducted into the Garden which Mounts still far above the House It consists of Five Area's or Plots one considerably above another on the side of the Hill The Area's themselves lie in a little Descent and from one to another above it we had several Steps to ascend I doubt not but to the uppermost Area from the Door of the College the height must be at least an Hundred Feet Over a Stone Portal which enter'd the second Area were the Arms of a Prince and Bishop of Liege as I judged with this Inscription by it Maximiliano Electori Fundatori Other Discourse as we were going up made me forget to ask the Jesuite with us concerning this In one Garden they had several very ingenious Sun-dails One he call'd the blind Man's Dial because a blind Man having once learnt the order of the Numbers at the end of the Lines might by feeling find what time of the Day it is thus The Hour Lines at which the Figures were set were little flat Bars of Iron and a Glass Globe full of Water was so set between it and the Sun as to contract the burning Point successively according to the Sun's Motion upon these Lines this burning Point would be sensible to his Finger and he would thereby know the time of the Day In a Concave-Dial which had Vines laid over it to make the Shadow and the Hour Lines meeting all in one Centre they had set a little Picture of our Saviour with his Finger at that Centre and a Motto as proceeding from him in these Words Haec est Hora tua At the top of the highest Area they have a small flat Bowling-Ally for Exercise and if that be thought too little to exercise ones self much in it we may judge that the getting up to it supplies all that Defect By this is a Building of Two Stories in height with Three Rooms in it From the uppermost of these they have a very fine Prospect being now lifted I think above any part of the City We saw from hence the Monastery of the Carthusians on the top of a neighbouring Hill where the Marshal Boufflers planted his Mortars to Bombard this City As we came down we enter'd the House again from the second Area of the Garden We went through a large Room where they hold their Disputes and from thence into the Library which is a long narrow Room like a Gallery It was well fill'd with Books which look'd as if they were well used and studied I may say of their Library it is rather useful than fine Over several Partitions of Shelves there was written at the top of the Room Libri Theologici Libri Juridici Libri Medici Libri Mathematict c. Two Divisions had a little Lattice over them and they were lock'd up Over these was this Title Libri Prohibiti Among these I could observe was Cornelij Jansenij Augustinus some of the Works of the German Reformers the Novum Testamentum Gallicum which I suppose is that call'd the Mons Testament I could not see the Name of any English Divine among these but on the back of one of the Prisoners there was pasted a Paper on which was written the Word Sermons this was a thin Folio He show'd us here a large and good Loadstone and a String of Ten Beads with a Cross which seem'd to be all Amethysts this he said was the Dizaine of Mary Queen of Scots when she died in England which she had been wont to use in reciting her Rosary He had also a little Book of Prayers cover'd with Velvet it was a Manuscript curiously written upon Vellum and had in it some very pretty Miniature this too he said had been hers They may well Venerate the Memory of that Unfortunate Lady whose Zeal for them by their Conduct of it betray'd her to her Death He show'd us a Cylinder Looking-Glass which was to reduce Figures which seem shapeless and confus'd into Shape and Order Accordingly it being set upon Two Board which he produc'd it reflected the Scrawls of one into a Picture of our Saviour as tied to a Pillar to be scourg'd and crown'd with Thorns The other when reflected from the Glass appear'd to be a George on Horseback with the Dragon under him He said this was St. George for England At one end of the Library is a piece of Jack-work made for that sort of Machine with which Archimedes pretended to remove the whole Earth out of its Place if he had but another Place where he could fix his Instrument It held I believe an Hundred Pound weight from the Ground which was drawn about half way up There were not many Wheels belonging to it but I believe the Teeth of all or most of them were set sloping they were pretty large Wheels and each of them catch'd in a Worm which was laid round the Axis of the next Wheel The Winder might be turn'd by a little Child â—t went so easie but the effect of the Machine is mighty slow A Pin was stuck upon the top of the Cylinder on which the Weight hung and after a great many turns of the Winder it appear'd but very little mov'd
and Foot The Suffragans of this Archbishoprick are the Bishops of Leige Munster Osnabrug to which were formerly added Utrecht and Minden which Two last being now seculariz'd by the Reformation there remain to him but the Three former Minden is a Hanse-Town of Germany in the Dutchy of Westphalia a Bishoprick and Principality Charlemaigne founded there an Episcopal See about the Year 780. The Bishop was Lord of it but since the Peace of Munster it belongs to the Electour of Brandenburg The Archbishop of Colen is Grand Chancellour of the Empire in Italy and pretends to crown the Emperour when it is done within the Extent of his Diocess He is one of the Three Ecclesiastical Electors of the Empire the other Two are the Archbishops of Treves and Mentz The City of Colen is situate on the left City Bank of the Rhine as it descends in a large open Valley and is encompass'd with a Country plentiful in Corn and Wine and all things needful for humane Life It lies something like a half Moon has a modern Fortification about it with a strong Wall that has Eighty three Towers in it and a triple Ditch to defend it besides some necessary Out-works It is reckon'd one of the biggest Cities in Germany The Streets are generally broad and airy many of them strait for a good length The Houses are very well built of Freestone and good Timber but they are not very Uniform and they have the old Fashion of peaked Tops generally It is said there are in this City Eleven Collegiate Churches Four Abbies Nineteen Parochial Churches Seventeen Monasteries of Men and Nineteen Nunneries An Academy was instituted here by the Acalâ—my Senate or reviv'd as some say in the Year 1388 it makes no Noise at present I enquir'd whether they had now any great or famous Men of Learning among them and was answer'd No. I was inform'd that a great many of the Books which pretend to be printed at Colen perhaps never come there Many of the French Books are printed in Holland and the Greek are printed at Lipswyck I must confess I thought to have seen the Press here which reprints the Paris Editions of the Greek Fathers in Greek and Latin and to have heard of some learned Men that were the Inspectors of the Work but one of the chief Booksellers of the Town told me they are all done at Lipswyck and that being a Protestant University they set the Name of Colen to them to give them the more Reputation in the World I confess they may have the more Reputation for that Name but it must be be with those that do not know the common State of the Roman Church for the Roman is the Latin Church too and seems resolv'd to keep up that Character by neglecting generally the Greek Tongue and it is well known that at present the Knowledge of this Language flourishes chiefly among the Protestants and perhaps more than any where else in England In several Places where I have been searching the Stocks of the Bookselleâ—s in Cities of the Roman Communion I have seen indeed vast Stocks of Books but all in Latin even the Writings of the Greek Fathers are to be found amongst them only in Latin And in Colen they print these but no Greek They had newly finish'd when I was there the Theologia Dogmatica Moralis of Natalis Alexander a Dominican of Vienna in Two large Volumes in Folio We came to Colen upon a very great Holy-Day with those of the Church of Rome that is what they call Sacraments-Day or the Feast of the Holy Sacrament For they Sacraments Dâ—y and the Processions do yearly on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday as this was with them commemorate the Institution of the Lord's Supper And we came hither in a good time to see the Processions of this Day which are some of the greatest and most solemn Processions of the whole Year As we were going to our Inn we met one which staid us almost an Hour to see it pass by The Virgin Mary march'd foremost in this Procession carried and attended by Queasils singing if it be proper to call an Image her which yet we may do when we are giving an Account of their Matters because they themselves do so and an Image in any Place is call'd the Virgin Mary of that Place The Image of her at Loretto is as famous among them under the Name of our Lady of Loretto as that of Diana at Ephesus was under the Name of Diana of the Ephesians But may it not be said that this Phrase implies plainly that they believe the Image not only a Representation of the Saint but a Symbol of her Presence in such a Place This Image was but small about the height of a Child of Three or Four Years old but drest very fine with a Robe of Cloth of Silver a Crown on her Head and a Scepter in her Hand After this several other Images were carried of He and She-Saints intermix'd with Banners which are commonly long taper'd Flags with a Picture of some Saint in the broad part of them At the end of the Pole they hang upon is commonly fastned a good large Cross of Silver There were several Images of the Virgin Mary carried one of which as big as a Child of Two Years old seem'd and was said to be all massy Silver that was carry'd by Six Men. There attended this Procession Two Religious Orders of Men the Franciscans and the Auguctines these last sung as they went along Many Men and Women of good Fashion appear'd in this Train After all the Images came the Men who honour'd the Hostie by carrying lighted Flambeaux's before it They march'd Two and Two in great Order and were a great while a going by I doubt not there were several Hundreds of them Several genteel little Boys went ringing their Silver Bells before the Hostie The Canopy over that was of Silk with a rich Gold and Silver Fringe hanging down from it A Secular Priest carried the Hostie in his Surplice and Cope his Cope richly embroider'd with Gold and Silver The Remonstranter was large with a great deal of Work in it and of Silver gilt Let us make a few Reflections upon these Matters before we pass on to other things The Council of Trent has establish'd and authoriz'd these Things It says The Worship due to the True God ought to be given to the most Holy Sacrament And it is a Custome very piously and religiously brought into the Church That every Year on a certain particular Festival-Day this Eminent and Venerable Sacrament be celebrated with singular Veneration and Solemnity and that it be reverently and honourably carried about in Processions through the Streets and publick Ways and it curses those who shall contradict and condemn these Things But we shall venture to do this however being assur'd that the Curse causeless will not come As for this Festival they do themselves The Festival confess