place where they fable that Coryneus wrastled with Gogmagog and in this Towne was borne Sir Francis Drake Knight the cheefe glory of our Age for Nauigation who for two yeeres space did with continual victories as it were besiege the Gulfe of Mexico and in the yeere 15-- entring the straight of Magellan compassed the World in two yeeres and tenne moneths with many changes and hazards of Fortune The Towne Dortmouth is much frequented with Merchants and strong shippes for the commodity of the Hauen fortified with two Castles The City Excester called Isen by Ptolomy and of olde called Monketon of the Monkes is the cheefe City of the County and the seate of the Bishop 3 Dorsetshire was of old inhabited by the Durotriges The Towne Weymouth hath a Castle built by Henry the eighth to fortifie the Hauen Dorchester is the cheefe towne of the County but neither great nor faire 4 Sommersetshire was of old inhabited by the Netherlanders and is a large and rich County happy in the fruitfull soyle rich Pastures multitude of Inhabitants and commodity of Hauens The chiefe Towne Bridgewater hath the name of the Bridge and the water In the Iland Auallon so called in the Britans tongue of the Apples which the Latins cals Glasconia flourished the Monastery Glastenbury of great antiquity deriued from Ioseph of Arimathta Dunstan casting out the ancient Monkes brought thither the Benedictines of a later institution and himselfe was the first Abbot ouer a great multitude of Monkes indowed with Kingly reuenewes In the Church yard of this Monastery they say that the great worthy of the Britans Prince Arthur hath his Sepulcher The Episcopall little City called Wells of the Wells or Fountaines hath a stately Bishops Pallace The City Bathe is famous for the medicinall Baths whereof three Fountaines spring in the very City which are wholsome for bodies nummed with ill humours but are shut vp certaine howers of the day that no man should enter them till by their sluces they be purged of all filth The Bishop of Welles buying this City of Henry the first remoued his Episcopall seate thither yet still keeping the old name of Bishop of Welles and there built a new Cathedrall Church The City Bristowe is compassed with a double wall and hath so faire buildings as well publike as priuate houses as next to London and Yorke it is preferred to all other Cities of England 5 Wilshire was also inhabited by the Belgae or Netherlanders and lies all within land rich in all parts with pastures and corne Malmesbury is a faire Towne famous for the woollen clothes The Towne Wilton of old the cheefe of this County is now a little Village beautified with the stately Pallace of the Earles of Penbroke The City of Salisbury is made pleasant with waters running through the streetes and is beautified with a stately Cathedrall Church and the Colledge of the Deane and Prebends hauing rich Inhabitants in so pleasant a seate yet no way more famous then by hauing Iohn Iewell a late worthy Bishop borne there Some sixe miles from Salisbury is a place in the fields where huge stones are erected whereof some are eight and twenty foote high and seuen broade standing in three rowes after the forme of a crowne vppon which other stones are so laied acrosse as it seemes a worke hanging in the Ayre whereupon it is called Stoneheng vulgarly and is reputed among Miracles as placed there by Merlin there being scarce any stone for ordinary building in the Territory adioyning 6 Hamshire of old was inhabited within Land by the Belgae or Netherlanders and vppon the Sea coast by the Regni William the Norman Conquerour made here a Forrest for Deare destroying Towns and holy buildings for some thirty miles compasse which ground now well inhabited yet seruing for the same vse we call New-Forest Southampton a faire little City lies vpon the Sea Wintchester of old called Venta of the Belgae was a famous City in the time of the Romans and in these daies it is well inhabited watered with a pleasant Brooke and pleasantly seated and hath an olde Castle wherein there hanges against the wall a Table of a round forme vulgarly called Prince Arthurs round Table but Gamden thinkes it to haue been made long after his time It hath a Cathedrall Church and large Bishops Pallace and a famous Colledge founded for training vp young Schollers in learning whence many learned men haue been first sent to the Vniuersity and so into the Church and Commonwealth In the Towne or Port of Portsmouth lies a Garrison of souldiers to defend those parts from the incursions of the French by Sea 7 Barkshire was of old inhabited by the Atrebatij Newbery a famous Towne inriched by wollen clothes had his beginning of the ancient Towne Spina Windsore is famous by the Kings Castle neither can a Kings seate bee in a more pleasant situation which draweth the Kings often to retire thither and Edward the third kept at one time Iohn King of France and Dauid King of Scotland captiues in this Castle The same Edward the third built here a stately Church and dedicated it to the blessed Virgin Mary and to S. George the Capadocian and first instituted the order of Knights called of the Garter as an happy omen of victory in warre happily succeeding who weare vnder the left knee a watchet Garter buckled hauing this mot in the French tongue grauen in letters of gold Hony soit qui mal'y pense and the ceremonies of this order hee instituted to be kept in this Church 8 The County of Surry was of old inhabited by the Regni Otelands is beautified with the Kings very faire and pleasant house as Richmond is with the Kings stately Pallace 9 The County of Sussex of old inhabited by the Regni hath the faire City Chichesler and the Hauen Rhie knowne by being the most frequented passage into France 10 The County of Kent is rich in medows Pastures pleasant Groues and wonderfully aboundeth with Apples and Cherries It hath most frequent Townes and safe Harbours for ships and some vaines of Iron William the Norman Conquerour after the manner of the Romans instituted a Warden of the fiue Ports Hastings Douer Hith Rumney and Sandwiche to which Winchelsey and Rie the chiefe Hauens and other Townes are ioyned as members which haue great priuiledges because they are tied to serue in the warres and the Warden of them is alwaies one of the great Lords who within his iurisdiction hath in most things the authority of Admirall and other rights Detford Towne is well knowne where the Kings ships are built and repaired and there is a notable Armory or storehouse for the Kings Nauy Not farre from thence vpon the shore lie the broken ribs of the ship in which Sir Francis Drake sailed round about the World reserued for a monument of that great action Greenewich is beautified with the Kings Pallace Eltham another house of the Kings is not farre distant The Towne
then translated into English and that in diuers Copies no man being able by the first Copie to put so large a worke in good fashion And if you will please also to take knowledge from me that to saue expences I wrote the greatest part with my owne hand and almost all the rest with the slowe pen of my seruant then I hope the losse of time shall not be imputed vnto me Againe for the worke in generall I professe not to write it to any curious wits who can indure nothing but extractions and quintessences nor yet to great States-men of whose reading I confesse it is vnworthy but only vnto the vnexperienced who shall desire to view forraign kingdomes And these may the rather by this direction make better vse of what they see heare and reade then my selfe did If actiue men neuer reade it I shall wish them no lesse good successe in their affaires If contemplatiue men shall reade it at leasure making choice of the subiects fitting their humours by the Table of the Contents and casting away the booke when they are weary of reading perhaps they may finde some delight only in case of distaste I pray them remember to and for whom it was written To conclude if you be as well affected to me as I am to you how soeuer I deserue no thanks no doubt I shall be free from blame And so I wish you all happinesse remaining Yours in due respect Fynes Moryson A Table of the Contents of the seuerall Chapters contained in this Booke THE FIRST PART The first Booke Chap. 1. OF my iourny from London in England to Stode Hamburg Lubecke Luneburg my returne to Hamburg and iourny to Magdeburg Leipzig Wittenberg and the neighbouring Cities in Germany Chap. 2. Of my iourny from Leipzig to Prage in Bohemia to Nurnberg Augspurg Vlme Lindoy Costnetz in Germany Schaphusen Zurech Baden and Bazell in Sweitzerland Chap. 3. Of my iourny from Bazell to Strasburg to Heidelberg to Franckfort to Cassiles to Brunswicke to Luneburg to Hamburg to Stode to Breme to Oldenburge and to Embden the last Citie vpon the confines of the Empire of Germany Chap 4. Of my iourny from Embden in Germany to Leiden in Holland and through the vnited Prouiuces of the Low Countries Chap. 5. Of my iourny out of the vnited Prouinces by the sea coast to Stode and Lubeck in Germany of my sailing to Denmarke and thence to Dantzk in Prussen and my iourny thorow Paland to Poduoa in Italy The second Booke Chap. 1. Of my iourny from Paduoa to Venice to Ferrara to Bologna to Rauenna and by the shoare of the Adriatique Sea to Ancona then crossing the breadth of Italy to Rome seated not far from the Tirrhene Sea Chap. 2. Of my iourny to Naples and my returne to Rome and of the description of both Cities of my iourny cursory to Sienna Fiorenza Pistoia Lucca and Pisa and the description of the three last Cities Chap. 3. Of my iourny to Ligorno my returne to Florence or Fiorenza and to Sienna and the description of these Cities Of my iourny by land to Lirigi in which againe I passed by Lucca and Pisa and by sea to Genoa with the description of that Citie and my iourny by land to Pauia to Milano to Cremona and to Mantoua with the description of the Cities and of my returne to Paduoa Chap. 4. Of the Sepulcher of Petrarch at Arqua of my iourny to Vicenza Verona Brescia and Bergamo in Italy then passing the Alpes to Chur Zurech Solothurn Geneua and in my returne thence to Berna in Sweitzerland thence to Strasburg in Germany and to Chalon to Paris to Roan and to Diepe in France and finally of my passage by sea and land to London in England The third Booke Chap. 1. Of my iourny to Stode through the vnited Prouinces of Netherland and vpon the sea-coast of Germany then to Brunswicke and the right way to Nurnberg Augsburg and Insprucke in Germany and from thence to Venice in Italy and so by the Mediteranean Seas and the I lands thereof to Ierusalem In which iourney I slightly passe ouer the places described in my former passage those waies Chap. 2. The description of the Citie of Ierusalem and the Territory thereof Chap. 3. Of my iourny from Ierusalem by land to Ioppa by sea to Tripoly in Syria by land to Haleppo and Scanderona and of our passage by sea to the I land Candia Chap. 4. Of my iourny from Candia partly by land and partly by sea by the sea shoares and by the I lands of the AEgean sea Pontus and Propontis to the Citie of Constontinople and of my iourny thence by sea to Venice and by land to Augsburg Nurnberg and Stode in Germany and of my passage ouer sea into England Chap. 5. Of my iourny through many seuer all Shires of England Scotland and Ireland Chap. 6. Of the manner to exchange monies into forraigne parts and the diuers monies of diuers parts together with the diuers measures of miles in sundry Nations most necessary for the vnderstanding of the former Iournall THE SECOND PART The first Booke Chap. 1. Of the Induction or Preface to my Irish Iournall and a compendious narratich how Charles Blount Lord Mountioy my Lord and Master of happy memory was chosen Lord Deputy of Ireland and of this worthy Lords quality as also of the Counsels in generall by which he broke the Rebels hearts and gaue peace to that troubled State together with his particular actions in the end of the yeere 1599. Chap. 2. Of the Lord Deputies particular proceedings in the prosecution of the Rebels in the yeere 1600. The second Booke Chap. 1. Of the Lord Deputies particular proceedings in the prosecution of the Rebels and of the Spaniards innading Ireland in the yeere 1601. Chap. 2. Of the besicging of the Spaniards at Kinsale with the deliuery of the Towne to the Lord Deputy and their returne into Spaine in the same yeere 1601. The third Booke Chap. 1. Of the prosecution of the warre by the Lord Mountioy Lord Deputy against the Rebels in the yeere 1602. Chap. 2. Of Tyrones taking to mercy whereby the warre was fully ended and of a new mutiny of the Cities of Mounster for establishing the publike exercise of the Roman Religion with the appeasing thereof together with the Lord Deputies recalling into England and the rewards there giuen him for his seruice in the beginning of the yeere 1603 with mention of his vntimely death within few yeeres after and the state of Ireland some ten yeeres after THE THIRD PART The first Booke Chap. 1. THat the visiting of forraigne Countries is good and profitable but to whom and hew farre Chap. 2. Of Precepts for Trauellers which may instruct the vnexperienced Chap. 3. Of the Opinions of old Writers and some Prouerbs which I obserued in forraigne parts by reading or discourse to be vsed either of Trauellers themselues or of diuers Nations and Prouinces The second Booke Chap.
be the priuiledges which the Iewes haue gotten by bribing especially in the Dutchéy of Sauoy through the vnsatiable auarice of our Christian Princes Neere this Market-place is the large Church of Saint Andrew and the Senate-house in which they shew two statuaes of Cupid whereof one is ancient and of much greater value then the other and a very long Vnicornes horne and a paire of Organs of Aliblaster besides Iewels and vessels of gold and siluer Not farrethence is the third Market-place of Iustice. To conclude at the gate of Saint Francis Church is the head of Virgil which the Neapolitans say as in the description of that Citie I formerly said was stolne from the Sepulcher of Virgil vpon the Mount Pausilip In the Pallace called dellaragione is another statua of Virgil sitting at a Table of brasse as if hee were writing and crowned with Laurell I said formerly that there is a passage from the Lakes into the Riuer Po and so by water to Venice and the Duke to take his pleasure vpon the water hath a baot called Bucentoro because it will beare some two hundred and it is built in the vpper part like a banqueting house hauing fiue roomes with glased windowes wherein the Duke and his Traine doe sit and these roomes are supported vpon a boat the Mariners that row the same sitting vnder the said roomes the first and largest roome whereof was fifteene walking paces long with benches on both sides the second was eight paces long the third fiue and the fourth likewise fiue paces long the fifth was a Gallerie ouer the other roomes fortie paces long and open to which they mounted by staires out of the first roome And this boate doth not onely much differ from our Kings barges aswell for the bignesse as the rich furniture but also is flat in the bottome the waters being still and calme on which it passeth These roomes according to occasions haue more or lesse rich hangings when the Duke either goeth out to disport himself or when he takes any iourny therin as oft he doth It is vnlawfull to weare a sword without licence of the Magistrate either at Milan Cremona Mantua or almost in any Citie of Italy onely at Venice and Paduoa and the Cities of that State strangers may weare Swords and onely the wearing of Pistols or short gunnes is forbidden At Mantua I paied three reali each meale and being to depart thence I was forced to take a Bill of the Customers by which they signifie to the Guard at the gate whether the passenger be to goe on horseback on foote or by coach and what tribute he is to pay for which Bill a footeman paies 3. soldi another passenger six Thus the Princes of italy hauing small Territories doe not onely burthen their subiects with taxes but all strangers strictly take account from the exacters therof Being to goe from hence to Paduoa we went out of the gate Saint Ceorge and I hired a horse from Mantua to the Castle Este for eleuen lires The first day wee passed by a Forte of the Venetians most strongly fortified vpon the consines of that State which Fort lies vpon the Riuer Athesis and is called Lignaco and rode some twenty miles through a Plaine tilled after the manner of Lombardy to Monteguiara where I paied fortie soldi that is two lires for my supper The next morning I rode nine miles to the Castle Este whence is the Family of the Dukes of Ferraria long flourishing but now extinct From thence I passed by boate 15 miles to Paduoa and paied 22 soldi for my passage This day when I returned to Paduoa was the 14 of December after the new stile in the yeere 1594 which city the rate of vittles there I haue formerly described CHAP. IIII. Of the Sopulcher of Petrarch at Arqua Of my iourney to Vicenza Verona Brescia and Bergnmo in Italy then passing the Alpes to Chur Zurech Solothurn Geneua and in my returne thence to Berna in Sweitzerland thence to Strasburg in Germany and to Chalon to Paris to Roan and to Diepe in France and finally of my passagety 〈◊〉 Land to London in England WHilest I expected the commoditie of the Spring for my iourney home-wards I went to Venice to receiue money there and retaining a sufficient proportion in my hands I thought to make ouer the rest to Paris by bills of exchange but France hauing been now long wasted with ciuill war I could not finde one Merchant of Venice who had any the least Traffick at Paris Therefore persisting still in my obstinate purpose to returne by France I thought at least to procure the change of this money to Geneua And so only out of my desire to see the Citie of Geneua I resolued againe to passe ouer the Alpes into Sweitzerland though I had formerly seene those Townes Then I bought an Hungarian horse for twentie Crownes of a Dutch Gentleman newly ariued in these parts And while I prepared all things necessary for my iourney and expected a sit season of the yeere it came in my minde to see the Monument not farre distant of the famous Poet Francis Petrarch and being willing to giue my horse rest I went on foot with certaine Dutch Gentlemen thirteene miles to Arqua By the way we did see a most faire Monastery Praia and the Baths of Abano the water wherof doth boile with such heate as it would fetch off the skinne being touched At Arqua is the sepulcher of Fetrarch of red marble spotted and it hath this inscription in Latin To the worthy man F. P. a Laureat Poet his sonne in Law Francis Lus-debro Sauo of Milan for their inward conuersation loue affinitte and his succession left this memory Vnder that followed these verses Frigida Francisci lapis hic tegit ossa Petrarchae Suscipe virgo parens animam sate virgine parce Fessaque iam terris caeli requiescat in Arce This stone doth Francis Petrarches bones inclose Take my soule Virgin spare it Virgins sonne Tired on earth in heauen let it repose Then followed letters raced out MCCC 〈◊〉 XX. XVIIII Then followed the third inscription in Latin with his Image To Francis Petrarch Paulus Valdezucus admiring his Poems and succeeding him in the possession of his house and fields made this Image in the yeere MDXCVII the Ides of September There is also a Fountaine vulgarly called the Fountaine of Petrarch vpon which these verses are written Fonti numen inest hospes venerare liquorem Vnde bihens cecinit digna Petrarcha Deis Some god dwells here worship the sacred Spring Whence Petrarch drinking heauenly Rimes did sing Petrarch dwelt at Arqua and here in the same house wherein they say he dwelt the historie of Petrarches life is painted where the owner of the house shewed vs some household stuffe belonging to him and the very skinne of a Cat he loued which they haue dried and still keepe Here I did see his Studie a pleasant roome especially for the sweet
let him ride behind me but feare giuing him wings so as he went as fast as my horse could trot within short space we came to Lanzi where I paid sixteene batzen for my supper breakefast and horse-meat The sixth day in the morning I rode fifteene Italian miles which the Grysons call two miles to Chur a City and the seat of a Bishop through little mountaines couered with snow The head of the Riuer Rheine is distant from this City as farre as a footman may goe in halfe an houre and it lies towards the south The City lieth in length from the Church on the North-side towards the South and hauing spent an houre in viewing the same I rode further foure miles of Sweitzerland through mountaines couered with snow to Walstat where I paid fiue batzen for my supper and to gratifie my Dutch consorts foure batzen for drinke after supper vulgarly called Schlaffdrunke that is the sleeping cup and three batzen for my horse-meat The seuenth day in the morning I passed two miles I meane alwaies the miles of the Countrey by boat vpon the Lake Walsea that is the walled sea because it is compassed with mountaines and I rode two most long miles more ouer hils to the little City Rabesuele and for the passage of my selfe and my horse ouer the Lake I paid seuen batzen and for oates for my horse while I expected consorts I paid three creitzers The foresaid little City is confederate with the Sweitzar Cantons and here I paid eighteene batzen for my supper with extraordinary fare and my breakfast and horse-meat The eight day in the morning after I had ridden foure houres space for the Sweitzers miles are so long and of so vncertaine measure as they vse to measure their iournies by houres riding not by miles I wondered to heare that we had ridden but one mile Our way was through pleasant hils planted with vines growing vpon short stakes as the Dutch vse to plant them Here we dined in a village and throughout all this territory I paied about seuen batzen a meale After dinner hauing in three houres ridden three miles my horse weary of this long iourney without so much as a daies rest beganne to faint so as I was forced in a village to giue him some two houres rest and some prouender and my way hitherto was through pleasant hils in like sort planted with vines on my right hand towards the East and by the side of the Lake Zurechzea on the left hand towards the West And the pleasantnesse of this Village seated among hilles planted with Vines on the East side of the said Lake made me as willing as my horse to rest there The same euening I rode further one mile to Zurech which city I formerly described in my former passage through Sweitzerland I formerly said that for the vnpossibilitie to exchange my money from Venice to Paris I was forced to exchange the same to Geneua For which cause and out of my desire to view that Citie famous for reformation of Religion after some few daies I took my iourney thither turning out of my high way The first day in the morning through a way most pleasant for the variety of Plaines Hilles Orchards Woods and Gardens wherein I passed by an ancient Castle of the Counts of Habspurg I rode in eight howers space to a Village where I lodged and payed a franke and a halfe French money for my supper and horse-meate The second day in the morning through a plaine Heath Woods and hilly ground for pasture I rode in foure houres space to a Village and there as in the rest of this iourney I payed about seuen batzen of Dutch money for a meale After dinner through like way I rode in three houres space to Solothurn an ancient Citie and one of the Sweitzers Cantons called in Latin Solidurum and it hath the name in both tongues as the Tower of the Sunne or as consisting onely of Towers whereof there be many One Tower thereof is of great antiquitie and vpon it these verses in Latin are written Ex this nihil est Sollduro antiqi ius vno Exceptis Treueris quarum ego aicta soror What 's older mongst the Celts then Solidure Nothing but Treir whose sister Iam sure They will haue this Citie built in the time of the Patriarke Abraham The third day in the morning I rode in foure houres space to Arberg by the side of a great Riuer called Ar passing twice ouer it by two bridges After dinner I rode in foure houres space to Morton through pleasant miles of Corne and Woods and Pastures and by the side of the Lake Mortonzra Not farre hence Charle Duke of Burgunay was defeated by the Sweitzers in the yeere 1476 and there in a field lie the bones of the souldiers there killed The Burgundians were thrice beaten in one day and here in the last battell Duke Charles also was killed The fourth day in the morning I rode in three houres to Bitterline through fruitfull Corne fieldes and pastures and after dinner in foure houres space I rode to Milden and about the midst of the way did see the ruines of the ancient Citie Auenza or Auenticum which Iulius Caesar vtterly raced and Corne was now sowed within the old circuit of the Citie whereof no memory remained but one ruinous tower and a statua but they say that the Husbandmen tilling the ground doe many times dig vp old Roman coines of siluer and gold Not farre thence towards the West lie the snowy Mountaines which diuide the Territories of Burgundy and Sweitzerland The fifth day in fiue houres space I rode to Losanna through Mountaines couered with Snow and thicke Woods This Citie is subiect to Berna being one of the Sweitzers Cantons but the Citizens speake French It is seated on the North side of the Lake of Losanna of old called Lacus 〈◊〉 which is compassed with Mountaines continually couered with snow which open themselues on the Eastside towards Italy On the Eastside of the Citie is the head of the Riuer Rhodanus which fulles into this Lake hauing so cleare a colour as it seemes not at all to mingle with the standing water of the Lake From hence I rode by the West side of this Lake and in two howers space came to Morgen which Towne is also subiect to Berna Then I rode foure miles in foure houres space to Geneua hauing the sandy banke of the said Lake on my left hand towards the East and most pleasant Hilles planted with Vines on my right hand towards the West and by the way I did see a Village ruined in time of warre nothing there standing but a pillar erected in honour of the Papists Masse Geneua is seated on the South side of the Lake right opposite to Losanna seated at the North end thereof The East side of the Lake lies towards Sauoy and Italy and the West side towards France on which side also the high way lies
hired for sixe or seuen batzen by the day but the trauellers expence is doubled by paying as much for the dayes in which the Horse returnes empty Besides that hee must hire a Foote-man to bring backe his Horse and must also beare his charges by the way which greatly increaseth his expence in these Countries yeelding wine the Foote-men being as good or better duakers then the Horse-men In vpper Germany a Horse-man shall pay daily about thirty Creitzers for Oates and about sixe for Hey In lower Germany about 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 shillings for Oates and almost the foresaid value for Hey This I write more particularly because he that trauels for Italy cannot take a more frugall course then to buy a Horse in Germany which he may sell for gaine in 〈◊〉 especially if hee sell him by the way being within few daies of his iourneys end whence he may passe by hired Coach or Horse to Padoua For it he bring his Horse thither those that are to buy him are such crafty knaues and will so conspire together against him as he shall be forced to sell his Horse vnder hand being made weary with the great charge of his meate but this frugalty hath some difficulties if the passenger haue no skill in the tongue in which case hee must hire an Interpreter and if he haue not Horse-men to accompany him because they passe alloy Coaches yet if this Horse-man will follow the Coach hee may with a small gift induce the Coach-man to teach him the meanes to prouide for his Horse but this 〈◊〉 is taken away when he once comes as high as Nurnberg to which place it is more easie though deerer to passe by Coach It is a matter of small moment yet not vnfit to bee obserued that the 〈◊〉 Coach men of Germany haue this custome that the Coaches comming downe from the vpper parts giue the way to those that come vp All Men speake strange things of the Alpes and such as will hardly be beleeued by those that haue not seene them The way from Vienna to Padoua is plaine yet lying betweene high Mountaines and fetching many compasses so as it is sit for Horse-men but I passed that way in the company of a Coach which went slowly in the slony wayes and was hardly by force of mens shoulders kept from failing The way from Augsburg to Padoua is like this and of both thoseiourneys I haue spoken at large in the first Part. My selfe weary of expecting companions and violently carried with the desire to returne into my Countrey did all a one without any one in my company which I thinke few or none euer did passe ouer the Alpes from Bergame to Chur saue that sometimes I hired a Foote-man to runne by my Horse and to guide mee for a mile or two In this iourney through the Grisones Countrey I sometimes not without horror ascended very steepe passages of Mountaines lying with my face on my Horses necke whose bridle I left free to him holding my selfe with one hand on his maine and the other on the saddle Woe to me if any Mares had then passed that way at the sight whereof my Horse vsed to be so surious as many times at straight passages and steepe fals of the Mountaines into low vallies I was forced to light from him and on foote to holde his bridle and yet sometimes hee was so fierce as he plunged out of the way vp to the saddle skirts in snow so as I could hardly recouer him The passages ouer the Alpes towards Geneua and Saucy especially the Mountaines called Farca and Gothardo are most dangerous of all others The fittest times to passe the Alpes are the Winter moneths when no snow is newly fallen and the old snow is hard congealed or else the moneths of sune Iuly and August when the snow neere the high wayes is altogether melted For the middle moneths are very vnfit either by falling of new snow or by melting of the old neither can any man passe before the Officers appointed to haue care of the way haue opened the same My selfe passing ouer the more easie Alpes in the moneth of Iune did often heare Mountaines of melted snow fall into neere Vallies with as violent rushing as if whole Cities had fallen by an Earth-quake Ouer the Alpes towards Geneua and Sauoy passengers are sometimes carried vpon sledges sometimes with gloues and shooes full of nailes they creepe ouer them on hands and feete and in both these kindes their Guides euer warne them to turne their eyes from beholding the steepe fals of the Mountaines into most deepe Vallies For sometimes it happens that in a turning or winding way the sledge whereon the passenger sits is cast out of the way and hangs downe into a most deepe valley with the passengers head downewards and his heeles vpward Woe be to him then if hee let his hold goe or the harnesse tying the sledge to the Horse should breake yea very Mules and Asses going most slowly and so most firmely yet sometimes fall into deepe valleys and so perish in the snow My selfe in my iourney from Padona to Augsburg being a lesse difficult passage did see an Horse boggling at a casuall noise tumble halfe a mile into a valley with his heauy loade vpon his backe yet haue no harme the snow being so congealed as it bore him vp so as his Master by a large circuite brought him safe againe vp to the rest of his Horses on the Moutaines top Bohemia is all plaine but often rising into low and fruitfull hils so as there as in Germany they iourney most in Coaches A passenger in this Kingdome shall pay some fiue Bohemian Grosh or vpon the Confines towards Nurnberg some eightteene or twenty creitzers for each meales meate yet at Prage in most Innes the Bohemians themselues vse to diet by the meale but vpon account the Hosts hauing little or nothing for diet in the House to sell but buying most things without dores for the Guests In the Low-Countries Trauellers passe most in long narrow Country Waggons the sides thereof being like Rackes for Horses and acrosse ouer them short and somewhat narrow boards being fastened for Passengers to sit vpon two in a ranke so as they hold some eight or tenne passengers And they haue goodly Mares to draw these Waggons vsing their Horses for the troops in their Army or exporting them as sometimes their Mares also to sell in forraigne parts I did neuer see the meanes of passage so ready in any place as these Waggons here at all times are before the doore of the Waggoners Inne nor consorts so readily found to all places whereof the numbers are infinite passing both by Waggon and Boate Neither did I euer see Trauellers passe at so easie rates I meane for their passages not for the Innes so they haue not heauy luggage For in that case the Waggons being left and taken at the gates of the Citie as I thinke not to weare the bricke
vnder Banaria towards the Alpes between Carinthia Heluetia or Sweitzerland and hath the name of the riuer Athesis vulgarly called Etsch which runs into Italy by Trent and Verona and is there called l'Adice and so falles into the Riuer Po. This Prouince is commonly called the County of Tyrol the Cities whereof are Brixia and AEnipons vulgarly Inspruck a faire Citie 5. The names of Rhetia Vindelicia Norira in these dayes are out of vse and the limits of them are often cōfounded That is properly Rhetia which lies between the lake of Constantis or Costnetz towards the North and the high top of the Alpes towards the South whose chiefe City is Bregants the inhabitants of these Alpes are vulgarly called Grisons 6 Vindelicia is the other part of that tract lying betweene the Danow and the Alpes which hath faire Cities as Augusta Vindelicorum vulgarly Augsburg a famous City Vlme Ingolstad Ratisbona vulgarly Regenspurg and Passaw Obserue that the old limits of Rhetia did reach to Verona and Como in Italy but now great part of it is laid to Sueuia in Germany as namely the Cities Augsburg and Vlme aforesaid 7 The Countries of Bauaria and of the Bishopricke of Saltzburg were of old called Vindelicia Noricum and the Inhabitants thereof Taurisci and it hath these Cities Scherdung Saltzburg and Lintz 8 Sueuia stretcheth into old Vindelicia and that which at this day is so called containes the greater part of Rhetia and Vindelicia The Sueuians vulgarly Schwaben of old forsooke their dwelling vpon the Riuer Elue and inuaded vpper Rhetia which to this day they hold The Cities thereof are Nerlingen Gepingen and the foresaid Vlme and Augsburg 9 Heluetia or Sweitzerland was of old part of Gallia Belgica now is reckoned as part of Germany The head spring of the Rheine the second Riuer of Germany next in greatnesse to the Danow is in the highest Alpes of Heluetia where it riseth in two heads and the Northerly head falling from the Mountaines Furca and Gotardo is called the fore Rheine and the Southerly head falling from the Lepontine Mountaines is called the hinder Rheine both which running towards the East are vnited at Chur and then with the name of Rheine it fals towards the North violently from the Mountains Heluetia hath many very famous Cities namely Schaffhusen as the houses of boats or ships Constantia vulgarly Costnetz Tigurum vulgarly Zurech Solodurum or Solothurn Bern Lucern Geneua with Losanna which two last of old were reckoned in Sauoy but now are confederate with the Sweitzers The Inhabitants of Heluetia are commonly called Sweitzers and among themselues they will be called Eidgenossin that is partakers of the sworne league The part of Heluetia betweene the Rheine and the lake of Constantia is called Brisgoia vulgarly Brisgaw Bris signifies a price and Gaw a meadow and therein is the spring-head of the Riuer Danow and the Townes thereof are Rotwill Brisach Friburg an Vniuersity Basil a famous Vniuersity of old belonging to Alsatia now confederate with the Sweitzers 10 Alsatia so called of the riuer Illa running through it is diuided into the vpper the lower The vpper from Basil to Strasburg is called Singaw and the Inhabitants of old were called Tribocchi and Tribotes some hold Strasburg of old to haue beene the chiefe City thereof but it hath now three Cities Basil Selestade and Rusach The lower lying aboue Strasburg to the Mount Vogasus hath these Cities Haganaw and Sabern 11. For the Tract vpon the Rheine first aboue Alsatia towards Metz the Nemetes whose chiefe City is Spira and the Vangiones whose chiefe City is Worms possesse the West side of the Rheine The tract adioyning is called Vetus Hannonia vulgarly Alt-henegaw Something further from the Rheine towards the Dukedome of Luxenburg are these Prouinces The County Sweybrucken also called Bipoutanus in Latin of two Bridges and the Cities are Sweybrucken and Sarbrucken Secondly Austracia vulgarly Vestreich as a vast Kingdome Thirdly the Territory of the Elector Bishop of Trier whereof the chiefe Citie is Treueris vulgarly Trier On the other side of the Rheine towards the East the Marquisate of Baden lyes next to Heluetia whose inhabitants of old were called Vespi Next lies the Dukedome of Wirtenburg the Cities whereof are Tubinga and Sturcardia whereof the former is an Vniuersitie Then followes the Palatinate of Rheine the Inhabitants whereof were of old called Intuergi Phargiones and are now called Phaltzer and Heidelberg seated vpon the Riuer Neccar is the chiefe Citie and the seate of the Palatine Elector The lower Germany is deuided into nineteene Prouinces Franconia Bohemia Morauia Silesia Saxonia Lusatia Misnia Turingia Marchia the Dukedome of Branswicke the Dukedome of Meckleburg Hassia Iuliacum Cliuia Westphalia Frisia Orientalis Pemerania Borussia Linonia for I omit Gallia Belgica to be handled in his proper place 1 Franconia is an ancient and noble Nation the inhabitants wherof driuing the Romans out of Gallia possessed the same and gaue the name of France to that Kingdome This Prouince hath old and faire Cities namely Bamberg a Bishops seate Rotenburg Francfort famous for the yeerely Marts or Faires Wirtzberg a Bishops seate Mentz or Metz the seate of the chiefe Elector Bishop and Nurnberg a famous City which some hold to be in Bauaria but the Citizens doe more willingly acknowledge themselues to be Franckes All the Prouince excepting the free Cities and the three Cities belonging to Bishops is subiect to the Margraue of Brandeburg 2 Bohemia hath a language proper to it selfe and hath two Prouinces belonging to it Morauia hauing his proper language and Silesia vsing the Dutch tongue and these three make a Kingdome which is subiect to the Emperour and it is ioyned by Geographers to the Prouinces of Germany because the same compasseth it almost round about Bohemia is not deuided into Counties but according to the Teritories belonging to the King or to Noble men and Gentlemen this being called the Kings land that the land of the Baron of Rosenberg or the land of the Popells and so of the rest The chiefe City and seate of the Emperour their King is Prage The Riuer Blue hath his head spring in Bohemia being the third Riuer of Germany and it runs through Saxony to Hamburg and after falls into the sea The inhabitants of Bohemia came out of Dalmatia as their language witnesseth 3 Morauia was of old inhabited by the Marcomanni and had subiect to it Bohemia Silesia and Polonia but at this day it is onely a Marquisate subiect to Bohemia and hath the name of the Riuer Moraua The chiefe City thereof is Bromia vulgarly Prim. 4 The inhabitants of Silesia were of old called Lugij Dantuli and Cogni The Riuer Viadrus or Odera runnes through it into Pomerania and so falles into the sea Silesia is annexed to Bohemia and so is likewise subiect to the Emperour as King of Bohemia and the chiefe City thereof is Vratislauia vulgarly Bressell and the inhabitants of this
Horse praised for swiftnesse seemes not to feare the heauy horses of Germany Surely though I doe not thinke the Germans to degenerate from the valour of their old Progenitors yet I haue read the Histories and haue heard the Gentlemen of France in our time much inueighing against them First that being in neutrall or friends Countries farre distant from the enemy they consumed wine and victuals as if they had been borne to no other end and spoyled all mens goods but when the enemy drew neare that not content with their former spoyles they would then murinie for pay and refuse otherwise to fight when the Princes had no present meanes to satisfie them yea and for want of it would threaten to leaue their party and goe to the enemy bearing no more affection to the one then the other Secondly that in all Armies wherein their strength was predominant and especially vpon the approch of the enemy they were prone to threatnings and seditious demeanour Thirdly that the horse hauing giuen one assault without successe could by no intreaty no reward no hope of victory be induced to giue a second charge Fourthly that once put out of order and routed they could neuer be gathered againe together Fiftly that in the battell of Mountcontour by confused feare they had almost exposed themselues and the whole Armie to the sword and that in the next battell hauing the victory they spared neither man woman nor child but like Beares raged against their yeelding suppliants stil crying Mountcontour Mount contour for the word of reuenge Lastly that the leuies of thē are an excessiue charge that they consume abundance of victuals and especially wine and cannot beare with any want of the least of them and are a great burthen to an Army with their baggage Touching victuals I haue heard the Citizens of Vienna being themselues Germans yet freely professing that when the Turkes made a shew to besiege them and incamped on one side of the towne they suffered farre greater losse by the souldiers receiued into the Towne to helpe them then by the enemies spoiling all abroad Touching their baggage euery footeman hath his wench that carries on her backe a great packe and a brasse pan while the souldier himselfe goes empty carrying nothing but his Armes And at Strasburg I did see certaine troopes of horse enter the Towne sent from the Marquis of Brandeburg to aide the Citizens against the Duke of Loraine which horsemen had an vnspeakeable number of carts to carry their Armes and other necessaries and vpon each cart sat a Cocke which creature as most watchfull the Germans haue of most old custome vsed to carry with them to the warres I cannot passe in silence the iudgement of an Italian well knowne though by mee vnnamed who because the Germans in our age haue had some ill successes in the warre doth attribute the same to the impurity of the reformed Religion prosessed by them wherein he sophistically obtrudes the false cause for the true not much vnlike the old man recorded in our Histories who being asked for his age and experience what he thought to be the cause of Goodwyn sands neare the mouth of the Thames answered that hee thought the building of Tenterton Steeple was the cause thereof because no such sands were seene till the time when it was built Nothing is more manifest then that the Germans of the reformed Religion nothing yeeld or rather much excell the Germans continuing Papists in all manuall Arts Liberall Sciences and all indowments of Nature which may clearely be proued by one instance of the Norenbergers and Sweitzers professing the reformed Religion who in all Arts and the military profession passe all other Germans whatsoeuer Neither am I of the same Italians opinion who to make the Germans actiue in warre thinkes they must haue an Italian or some forraigne Prince for their Generall which none in the World can lesse indure since they not onely most willingly heare reade and obey the Preachers Authors and Superiours of their owne Country but aboue all other Nations singular in selfe-loue doe also despise all strangers compared with themselues though otherwise they be not vnhospitall towards them They haue one commendable custome proper to them with the Sweitzers onely namely that after a yeeres or longer warfare they returne home vncorrupted with the dissolute liberty of the warres and settle themselues to their manuall trades and tillage of the ground The Emperour Charles the fifth did leade against the Turkes an Army of ninety thousand foot and thirty thousand horse And the Emperour Maximilian the second did leade against the Turkes an Army of one hundred thousand foote and thirty fiue thousand horse And in the Ciuill warre betweene the Emperour Charles the fifth and the Protestants besides the Emperours Army consisting partly of Germans partly of Italians and Spaniards the Protestant Princes had of their owne Country men an Army of eighty thousand foot and ten thousand horse And in all these Armies there was no complaint of any the least want of victuals So as by these examples it appeares that the Empire can leauie and nourish a most powerfull Army And for better vnderstanding of their warfar I wil ad the decree of the Emperor the Electors in the Expedition against the Turks in the yeere 1500. Albert Palatine of the Rheine was confirmed Generall of the Empire and sixe Counsellors were chosen to assist him And it was further decreed that the Generall should not make warre vpon any without direction from the Councell of the Empire then chosen and consting of sixe spirituall and sixe temporall Princes three Abbots sixe chosen by the people and eight chosen by the free Cities That the souldiers should sweare obedience to the General and he giue like oath to the Emperor and the Empire That the Generall should haue the command of three hundreth Horse with eight Guldens by the moneth allowed for each Horse That the Generall should further haue one thousand three hundreth Guldens by the moneth or more by consent of the Councell That each Horseman should haue eight Guldens by the moneth and each Poorman foure Guldens That the Generall should haue twenty foure for his guard with fiue Guldens by the moneth for each of them That the Generall should haue pay for thirty two carts each cart drawne with foure horses and allowed two Horsemens pay That the Generall happening to bee taken by the fortune of the warre the Empire should readily pay his ransome and redeeme him That no peace should be made without the consent of the Generall Lastly that the Generall should depose this dignitie when hee should be directed so to doe by the Councell within three moneths if he were within the Empire or within sixe moneths if he should then be out of the confines of the Empire To conclude he that shall particularly visit and behold the Armories and storehouses for military prouisions as wel of the Princes as free Cities shall bee
Zug and Glarona which was confirmed in the yeare 1454. In the third place are the Rhaeti called Grisons by the Itallians deuided into three leagues The first is called the vpper league consisting of nintene communities and was made with the seauen old cantons in the yeare 1407. The second in respect of the Bishoprick of Chur is called the league of the house of God consisting of nineteene communities wherof two vse the Language of Germany the rest the Language of the country being corrupt Italian which the yeare following ioined in league with the cantons The third league called the tenne iudgments or iurisdictions consisting of tenne communities ioined in the league with the Cantons in the yeare 1498 and at the same time the house of Austria preparing war against the Rhetians they all iointly made a perpetuall league of fellowship with all the Cantons In the fourth place the seauen tenths of the Valesians and the Bishop of Sedune Earle of Valesia for the controuersies of religion in our time made a perpetuall league of fellowship with seauen Cantons of the Roman Religion Lucerna Vria Suitia Vnderualdia Tugium vulgarly Zug Friburg and Solodurum vulgarly Solothurne The Towne Roteuilla in the fifth place made a perpetuall league of fellowship with all the Cantons in the yeere 1519 but because it is seated in Germany out of the confines of mountainous Sweitzerland caution was made that without the consent of the Cantons they shall make no warre nor giue any aides and if warre be made vpon them in case the enemy consent they shall rest in the iudgement which the Cantons shall hold iust and equall And that they shall make no league without the consent of the Cantons and in time of ciuill warre shall follow the greatest part of them In the sixth place Mulhusium of old an Imperiall City was incorporated to the City of Bazill in the yeere 1506 and after nine yeeres made a perpetuall league of fellowship with all the Cantons In the seuenth place the Towne Bienna or Bipennium enioying all priuiledges vnder the Bishop of 〈◊〉 in the yeere 1303 made a more firme league with Bern in the yeere 1352. In the eighth place is Geneua which gaue all rights and kept all olde couenants with the Bishop thereof till hee sold the same to the Duke of Sauoy After that time this City made diuers leagues with the Cantons for certaine yeeres and at last couenanted the right of Citizens with the Canton of Bern and being assailed for Religion confirmed the same more strictly in the yeere 1536 since which time some motions haue beene made to vnite Geneua with the Cantons in publike league but hitherto it could not be effected In the ninth and last place is the Towne Neocomum with the County thereof which the Sweitzers tooke in the warre against the King of France Lewis the twelfth and because it belonged to the Duke of Longouille in France his widow in the yeere 1529 obtained to haue it restored to her vpon certaine conditions yet still it hath league of fellowship with the Cantons of Bern Lucern Friburg and Solothurn and the Lords of the County haue a particular league with the Canton of Bern. Touching the people gouerned by the Sweitzers in common they be fiue stipendiary Cities and nine gouernements The Cities are so called because they serue the Sweitzers in warre at their stipend and hauing their owne Magistrates yet are subiect to the Cantons and ruled by their statutes These Cities of old subiect to the House of Austria became subiect to the Cantons vpon condition that keeping their priuiledges they should obey them in the same manner as formerly they did the house of Austria The Sweitzers took Baden Brimigart and Mallinga when the Duke of Austria was proscribed after the Emperour ingaged those cities to the Canton of Zurech which made other 7 cantons partners of that ingagemēt namely Lucerna Suitia Vnderualdia Vria Tugium Glarona and Berna The Sweitzers tooke Rapersuilla in the yeare 1458 being receiued into the city and helped by those of their faction And they tooke the fifth city Frawenfield in the yeare 1460 when the Duke of Austria was excommuned vpon the Popes command well pleasing to them Among the Gouernments that of Baden is subiect to the foresaid eight Cantons The second of Turg is subiect to al the same Cantons excepting Bern but the iudgements Fines belong to the ten old Cantons The third of the free Prouince was giuen to the Sweitzers in fee from the Emperor when the said Duke of Austria was proscribed and it is subiect to the same Cantons excepting Bern but the Gouernor dwels not among them onely vsing to come to them for the iudgement of causes The fourth is the country of the Sarunetes sold by their Earle to the said Cantons excepting Bern in the yeer 1483. The fist of the Rhegusei was sold to the Canton Apenzill in the yeare 1460 and the Cantons drew it to common subiection when Apenzill was admitted into the number of the Cantons so as Apenzill also is partner in that Gouernment In the last place are the foure Gouernments beyond the Alpes seated in Italy namely the town Lucanum the Locarnenses the Medrisians the middle vally which the Duke of Milan gaue to the Cantons for a reward vpon the casting out of the French in the yeare 1513 and yet the King of France Francis the first after vpon the casting out of that Duke confirmed this guift to the Cantons To these is added the towne Bilitioni sold to the Cantons Vria Suitia and Vnderualdia in the yeare 1422 the country wherof is diuided into three Gouernments commaunded by the said three Cantons by courses or turnes Touching forraigne leagues Among those made for certaine yeares Pope Sixtus in the yeare 1478 made league with the Sweitzers and gaue them large spirituall indulgences Likewise at the end of the Sweitzers league with the king of Fraunce Lewis the twelfth in the yeare 1509 Pope Iulius the second in the yeare 1510 made league with the Sweitzers but the soldiers leuied vnder the pay of Pope Iulius perceiuing that he delt not directly and truly with them imploying them to expell the king of Fraunce out of Milan whome he had hired vnder pretence to defend the Church against the Duke of Ferrara they could not containe themselues from returning sudenly into their country and being dismissed without pay they ceased not with many threatnings to storm against the Pope Yet in the yeer 1511 the same Pope Iulius being ouercome by the French he called the Sweitzers again to his aide who sent him an Army of 20000 foote at which time the Sweitzers being offended with the French cast them out of Milan wherupon Pope Iulius gaue to this commonwealth the title of the Defender of the Church diuers Banners charged with diuers Images and a Cap for signe of liberty with a sword Also Maximilianus Sfortia by their aide being
the Leagues of Burgundy and Milan with the Cantons of the Roman religion to last fiue yeres after his death and this was done in the Church of Milan where the Ambassadours are said to haue hung vp their Shields in memory therof and to haue giuen a thousand gold crownes to the beautifying of the Church at which time the King of Spaine diuided twelue thousand gold crownes betweene the Ambassadours besides the charges passing three thousand crownes But the Ambassadours of Solothurn with-drew themselues from this League because the King of France was indebted to them which debt the King of Spaine refused to pay By this League they are mutually bound to aide each other with one thousand two hundred foote and the King of Spaine promised yeerely Pensions in generall to the Cantons and in particular to diuers chiefe men and Captaines For the Sweitzers vse to make no League without profit since the Neighbour Princes grew of opinion that they could not make warre except their Armies were strengthened with a firme body of Sweitzers Not onely Solothurn renounced the said League but also the Cantons of the reformed religion partly not to do any thing against their League with France partly left they should take part with a King whom they iudged most ambitions and a great enemy to the Reformed Religion howsoeuer he couered that hatred and partly lest they should aduance the House of Austria iustly suspected by them whose victories might turne to their ruine And at the same time the Cantons and Fellowes in League being of the Reformed Religion after the doctrine of Caluine made a League for defence of religion among themselues and with Strasburg a neighbour free city of Germany being of the Reformed Religion after the doctrine of Luther The Duke of Sauoy had his Ambassadour residing at Lucerna where the Popes Ambassadours also reside of whose Leagues for yeeres we formerly spake The old Allobroges now called Sauoyans had old Leagues with the Cantons of Bern Friburg and Solothurn but Charles Duke of Sauoy in the yeere 1512 made a League for twenty fiue yeeres with all the Cantons by which among other things it was couenanted that the Duke should aide the Sweitzers with sixe hundred or more horse at his owne charge so hee were not distracted with warres at home and that the Sweitzers should aide the Duke with sixe thousand foot for any warre in his owne Countrie to whom the Duke should pay each man sixe Frankes by the moneth But hee should not imploy them to fight at sea nor leade them beyond the sea but onely to defend his owne Countrie and the confines thereof And it was couenanted that during this League the Duke should yeerely pay at Bern two hundred gold crownes to each Canton When this League was expired Duke Charles put out of his Dukedome by the French King Francis the first followed the Emperour Charles the fifth and the renewing of this League was intermitted But the King of France restoring Philebert his sonne to the Dukedome this Duke in the yeere 1560 made a new and perpetuall League with sixe Cantons namely Lucerna Suitia Vria Vnderualdia Zug and Solothurne And after the rest of the Cantons vpon like conditions renewed the old league with this Duke onely in this last league no mention is made of mutuall aides couenanted by the former league The French Ambassadour resided at Solothurn who of old vsed to reside at Bazil and the league of the French Kings with the Sweitzers is of farre greater moment then any of the rest The first of the French that made warre with the Sweitzers was Lewis the French Kings sonne after the eleuenth King of that name who leading an Army to assist Pope Eugenius in dissoluing the Councell at Bazill was perswaded by the Emperour Fredericke to assaile the Sweitzers but a small number of them possessing straight passages did so annoy his Army as he soone retired He made peaco with the Sweitzers in the yeere 1450 and hauing tried their strength made league with them for ten yeeres His son Charles the eighth in the yeere 1483 renewed this league and vsed the Sweitzers in his warres with the Duke of Britany and for the Kingdome of Naples Lewis the twelfth after the league for yeers was expired renounced the payment of all publike or priuate pensions wherwith the Sweitzers were so greatly offended as after they refused to renew that league with him and ioined in league with the Pope and the Duke of Milan against him so as by their aide he was in the yeere 1512 cast out of the Dukedome of Milan The French King Francis the first fought with the Sweitzers ioined against him in league with the Emperour Maximilian Pope Leo the tenth and Sfortia Duke of Milan For howsoeuer the Sweitzers suspected the proceeding of their confederates and purposed to returne home yet the Pretorian Sweitzers of the Duke of Milan assailing the French the rest of the Sweitzers though called home yet lest they should seeme to forsake their companions ioined with the Pretorian Sweitzers and so by art and cunning drawne to fight gaue the French a notable ouerthrow at which time the Sweitzers had the greatest Army they euer brought into the field being 31000 foot but the French King Francis the next day fighting again with the Sweitzers ouerthrew them yet so as the retreit as they write was nothing like a flight And so the King casting Sfortia out of the Dukedome of Milan recouered the same After this prosperous successe the French King sought nothing more then to be reconciled and ioined in league with the Sweitzers hee had ouercome which hee did the league consisting of 13 heads 1. They couenanted for taking away all iniuries controuersies 2. For freeing of captiues 3. How the Sweitzers may plead any cause in iudgement against the King 4 That al should enioy the benefit therof being borne within the confines of Sweitzerland speaking the Dutch tongue 5. Priuiledges are confirmed to the Merchants of Sweitzerland 6 For charges in the siege of Dyiune and in Italy the King couenants to pay them a great sum of mony by yeerly portions 7. It is agreed that all controuersies shall be determined by courses there set downe not by warre 8. That neither part shall giue passage to the enemies of the other 9. That Merchants all subiects on both parts shall freely passe not offended with reproches or oppressed with impositions 10. That the King shall yeerly pay to each Canton 2000 Franks and to the Abbot of S. Gallus and his subiects and to those of Toggenburg 600 Frankes and to the City of S. Gallus 400 to the Mulhusians 400 to the Gruerians 600 to the Valisians 2000 and to the Grisons the pensions giuen by Lewis the 12 and moreouer yeerly 2000 Franks but howsoeuer the Rhetians or Grisons by this league serue the King in his warres with the Sweitzers yet Semler witnesseth that they serue seuerally vnder
Abbot and Towne of Saint Gallus the Rhetians or Grisons the Bishop of Sedun the Valcsians and the Townes Rotauile Mulhasium and Bipenue And the gouernements are Turgea that of Baden of the Rhegusci of the Sarunetes of the free Prouince the Lugani the Locarnenses the Inhabitants of the middle Valley and the Bilitionenses That of Turgea is subiect to the seuen old Cantons yet Bern Friburg and Solothurn haue also their rights in capitall causes That of Raden the Sarunetes the Rhegusci and the free Prouince are subiect likewise to the seuen old Cantons onely Bern hath beene admitted partner in that of Baden and Apenzill in that of the Rhegusci The foure Italian gouernements are equally subiect to all the cantons excepting Apenzill and the Bilitionenses are subiect to the three old Cantons All these ioined haue these Cities and Townes Zurech Bern Lucern Zug Bazill Friburg Solothurn Schafhusen the Towne of S. Gallus Chur of the Grisons Sedun of the Valesians Roteuil Mulhuse Bipenne all the rest dwell in Villages Among the cantons Bazill of the Rauraci Schafhusen of Germany Glarona in part of the Grisons Vria in part of the Lepontij are seated out of the old confines of Sweitzerland and so are all the fellowes in league excepting the Abbot and Towne of S. Gallus and the Towne Ripenne Among these the old Nation of the Rhetians now called Grisons were of old called Valesiani Viberi Seduni and Veragri And Roteuile is a city of Germany and Mulhuse of the Sequaui in France Among the gouernements the Rhegusci and the Sarunetes are of the old Rhetians and the Luganenses the Locarnenses the Mendrisij and the Inhabitants of the middle Valley and the Bilitionij are of the Lepontij and Italian Nation which tongue they speake Many doubt to number these confederates among common-wealths since each of them is no otherwise tied to the decrees of the other then by free consent as all priuate societies are whereas in a commonwealth the greater part binds all yet because they haue one common councell and most of the Prouinces are ruled thereby because warre and peace is made by common consent and they liue almost vnder the same lawes and customes and are vnited strictly in perpetuall league Semler concludes that this society comes neerest to the forme of a common-wealth for whereas some hating the nation obiect Anarchy to them and say they got freedome by killing the Gentlemen and others interpreting it more mildly and confessing the oppression of the Gentlemen yet iudge the reuenge to haue exceeded all measure the truth thereof will appeare by the History of Semler and others shewing that great part of the Gentry was extinguished by the House of Austria Therefore it must be a mixt commonwealth if such it may be called being neither a Monarchy of one iust King Aristocraty of iust great men nor Democrity a popular state much lesse any of the corrupt commonwealths called Tyranny Oligarchy and Anarchy that is the tyranny of a King or of noble men or a confused State the equity of the gouernment shewing that it much differs from them The Vrij Suitij Vnderualdij the Glaronenses dwelling scattered and Zug though it be a Towne gouerne all with the consent of the people Zurech Bern Lucern Bazill Friburg Solothurn and Schafhusen are gouerned by the cheefe men but since the Magistrates are chosen by the people some of these Cities are more some lesse Aristocraticall or popular The Ambassadours sent to publike meetings haue Aristocraticall forme but since they are chosen by the people with limited power it may seeme popular And it is not vnequall that the people hauing setled freedome with their danger should be partners of their gouernement but in the meane time the Sweitzers auoide as much as they can the discommodities of a popular State while none but the best and most wise are sent to the meetings and howsoeuer their power is limited yet when they returne they so relate all things to the people as they easily vnderstand them and giue consent thereunto But to make the strict vnion of these confederates more apparant it will not be amisse to peruse some of the heads of the league between the eight old Cantons Therin first is cautioned of sending mutuall aides so as first in publike counsell the iustnes of the warre may be examined Then the aides are not to be required of all but of each particular Canton according to their mutuall leagues Zurech by old league hath right to require aides of the first six Cantons and by a new league also of Bern. And Bern requires aide of the three first Cantons and they of Bern. Lucerna requires aide of fiue Cantons The three first Cantons require mutuall aides of one another and of all the rest Zug and Lucerna are bound to aide the fiue Cantons Glarona requires aide of the three old cantons and Zurech Thus while one Canton cals the next ioined to it in league howsoeuer each one cannot require aid of all or each one by right of league yet in any common danger all the Cantons bring their forces being called of some one or more Cantons in league with them besides that they haue wisely decreed that in sudden dangers all shall bring succours whether they be called or no. They which are called to giue aide by vertue of any league serue at their owne cost without any pay Between Bern and the three old Cantons it is decreed that if the aides be sent beyond certaine bounds then they which called them shall giue them pay and in like sort certaine bounds of sending aides are limited between all the rest of the Cantons in their seuerall leagues with all conditions expressed In any siege the Canton which causeth it is bound to find many necessaries but if the cause be publike all prouisions are made at the publike charge The foure old cantons and Glarona cannot make any new league which is free to the rest alwayes preseruing the old league which they also may encrease or diminish by common consent It is decreed that euery fiue or ten yeeres this league shall be renewed by word or writing or if need be by oath Zu rech Bern Vria Suitia and Vnderualdia in this league except the rights of the Roman Empire Lucerna and Zug the rights of the Dukes of Austria Glarona the rights of their lawfull Magistrates and each Canton the rights of old leagues When the said eight Cantons receiued the other fiue into their number besides the foresaid heads it was decreed among other things in their league that the fiue last cantons howsoeuer wronged should make no warre without the consent of the eight old Cantons and in like sort that they should make no league without their consent neither in time of warre should refuse good conditions of peace And lastly it was decreed that without great cause no warre should be made in places out of the mountaines and difficult passages of that Prouince where
Bohemia Flemish Danish Polonian 〈◊〉 Turkish Ann. 1169. Anno 1339 Ann. 1400. Anno 1577 The rebellion of the Earle of Desmond Ann. 1578 Tyrones Rebellion Hugh Earle of Tyrone 〈◊〉 Ann. 1588. Anno 1589 Sir William Fitz-williams Lord Deputie Ann. 1590. Ann. 1590. Ann. 1590. Ann. 1591 Ann. 1592. Ann. 1593. Ann. 1594 Anno 1594 Sir William Russel Lord Deputie Ann. 1595. L. Deputy L. General together Ann. 1596. An. 1597. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lord Instice Lord Lieftenant and Lords Instices An. 1598. The defeat of Blackewater Anno 1598 Earle of Essex Lord Lieutenant The Establishment An. 15999. Camden saith onely one thousand Lords Instices Charles Blonnt L. Mountioy L. Deputy The Rebels strength An. 1599. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Connaght Vlster Lemstor A new Lord President of Mounster Affaires of Mounster The fight at the Moyry Carlingford fight Mounster An. 1601. Mounster The landing of the Spaniards Tyrones Forces shew themselues Tyrone shewes himselfe horse and foote Tyrone redues to assayle our Campe. The defeate of Tyrones forces The Spaniard parlies The conditions of the Spaniards yeelding Kinsale and other places The siege of Kinsale raised The Lord Deputy enters into Tyrone The affaires of Mounster The Earle of Tyrone receiued to mercy King Iames proclaimed The mutiny of the Cities in Mounster about Religion Sir George Carey left L. Deputy by the Lord Mountioy L. Lieutenant returning into England The death of the Lord Mountioy created Earle of Deuonshire Anno 1613 Uoraciti Fortitude and strength Wit and wisdome Crueltie persidiousnesse couetousnes and prodigality usie Suspition Madnesse Venerie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Religion Softnesse of skinne Cleanlinesse Luxurie Leuitie Fortunatenesse Diuels and the possessed with diuels Prouerbiall speeches of Trauellers in generall Prouerbiall speeches in particular of Germany Bohemia and Sweitzerland Prouerbiall speeches of Netherland or the Low-Countries Of Denmarke and Poland Prouerbiall speeches of Italy Particularly of the Italian Cities Of Turkey Of France England Poland and Ireland Germany and Sweitzerland and Boemerland The Alpes Low-Countries Denmark Poland Italy Turkey France England Ireland Scotland Sepulchers in generall Publike buildings for Merchants to meete Senate-houses Publike places for recreation Stables Clockes Theaters and water Conduits Bridges Goldesmiths shops Churches and Colledges Buildings in Germany Of Sweitzerland Of Boemerland Low Countries Of Denmark Of Poland Of Italy Of Turkey Of France Of England Of Scotland Of Ireland Of Forts in generall In generall of Geography Equator Meridian Paralells The fiue Zones Degrees Longitude and Latitude Zones Clymes Parts of the World Of Germany Sweitzerland Bohemia Vpper Germany containing Sweitzerland 19 Prouinces of lower Germany among which Bohemia is reckoned The situation of Germany The fertility of Germany Of the trafick of Germany The Germans diet Boemerland and Sweitzerland Of both in general Sweitz particularly Dohemerland particularly The first branch of Rheine The second branch The third branch The situation The fertility of the vnited Prouinces The traficke Dict. Denmarke The situation The Fertilty The traffake The 〈◊〉 Poland The situation The fertilty The traffick The dyot Italy The situation The 〈◊〉 The traffick Silk wormes The traffick Their diet The situation The fortility The traffick Their diet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The situation The fertility and trafficke Their Diet. England The shires of Wales Other shires of England The situation The fertility and trafficke Their dyet Scotland The Ilands The situatio The fertility The trafficke The diet Ireland The funatiō The fertility and trafficke The Dyet Germany Bohmerland Sweitzerland Netherland Denmarke The Polonians Italie Turkey France England Ireland The historocall introduction The House of Austria The Empe rours pedegree The house of Austria The Emperours Dominions Bohemia Hungary The Emperour and his Court. The 〈◊〉 rors Election The institution of the Electors and diuers constitutions of the Empire concerning the Electors and other Officers and the Emperor himselfe At Coronation and like Feasts The generall date of the Empire The state of certaine Princes Of Cities Of Bishops Of secular Princes Of free Cities Of the Dietaes Of the Empires Common-wealth in generall The Taxes Impositions and Renenews Their warlike prouision in time of peace Their Ward fare of old Their horsemen at this day Their footemen at this day Their warfare in generall at this day Their Nauall power at this day The Imperiall Chamber Capitall iudgements Ciuil Iudgements The Lawes of Inheritance The degrees in Family First the Wiues Of seruants Of Sons and Daughters The degrees in Common-wealth Gentleman The generall Orders of Knights The Order of the Germā Knights Vpon the dissolution of this Order the Duke of Prussia was created The ordinaery degree of Knighthood in Germany Bishops Husbandmen The degrees in Bohemia The Princes of the Empire and free Cities The Duke of Saxony Elector The Count Palatine of the Rheine Elector and the Duke of Bauaria The Elector Palatine of the Rheine The Margraue of Brandeburg Elector The Spirituall Electors The Langraues of Hessen The City of Nurnberg chosen Angsburg Strasburg Franckfort Lubecke Hamburg Brunswicke The Dukes of Brunswick and of Luneburg The Duke of Brunswicke The City the Dukes of Luneburg Dantzke Emden Foure parts of the Commonwealth Thirteene Cantons Fellowes in league Stipendiary Cities and Gouernements Forraigne leagues for 〈◊〉 namely the papall leagues Forraigne hereditary leagues as that of Milan The Burgundian and Austrian league The German Emperors renew the League of Austria Phillip King of Spaine renewes the Leagues of Burgundy and Milan The League of Sauoy The French league Of the Sweitzers Common-wealth in generall The Tributes The Lawes Duells Iudgements Lawer Their Warfare Particular Common-wealths 13 Cantons in three fermes The sixe Townes and Villages of the first forme Foure Townes of the second Forme Three Cities of the third forme Of the fellowes in league Of the Abbot Towne of S. Gallus Of the Grisons Of the Valesians Of the Towne of Bipenne Of the stipendiary Cities Of the Gouernements The Commonwealth of Netherlan in generall Flaunders The House of Austria The vnited Prouinces The Ciuill warre The vnited States The Prince of Orange killed England protects them The House of Nassaw The Cōmonwealth of Flanders Of the commonwealth of the vnited Prouinces protected by the Queene of England The States or chiefe Gouernors Common-wealths of particular Cities The Lawes The Wines The Gentlemen Capitall Iudgements Of their 〈◊〉 in generall Their Foote and Horse Of their 〈◊〉 power