Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	abbot_n	bishop_n	burgess_n	35	3	10.4664	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A07834	An itinerary vvritten by Fynes Moryson Gent. First in the Latine tongue, and then translated by him into English: containing his ten yeeres trauell through the tvvelue dominions of Germany, Bohmerland, Sweitzerland, Netherland, Denmarke, Poland, Jtaly, Turky, France, England, Scotland, and Ireland. Diuided into III parts. The I. part. Containeth a iournall through all the said twelue dominions: shewing particularly the number of miles, the soyle of the country, the situation of cities, the descriptions of them, with all monuments in each place worth the seeing, as also the rates of hiring coaches or horses from place to place, with each daies expences for diet, horse-meate, and the like. The II. part. Containeth the rebellion of Hugh, Earle of Tyrone, and the appeasing thereof: written also in forme of a iournall. The III. part. Containeth a discourse vpon seuerall heads, through all the said seuerall dominions.	Moryson, Fynes, 1566-1630.	1617 (1617)	STC 18205; ESTC S115249	1,351,375	915

place where they fable that Coryneus wrastled with Gogmagog and in this Towne was borne Sir Francis Drake Knight the cheefe glory of our Age for Nauigation who for two yeeres space did with continual victories as it were besiege the Gulfe of Mexico and in the yeere 15-- entring the straight of Magellan compassed the World in two yeeres and tenne moneths with many changes and hazards of Fortune The Towne Dortmouth is much frequented with Merchants and strong shippes for the commodity of the Hauen fortified with two Castles The City Excester called Isen by Ptolomy and of olde called Monketon of the Monkes is the cheefe City of the County and the seate of the Bishop 3 Dorsetshire was of old inhabited by the Durotriges The Towne Weymouth hath a Castle built by Henry the eighth to fortifie the Hauen Dorchester is the cheefe towne of the County but neither great nor faire 4 Sommersetshire was of old inhabited by the Netherlanders and is a large and rich County happy in the fruitfull soyle rich Pastures multitude of Inhabitants and commodity of Hauens The chiefe Towne Bridgewater hath the name of the Bridge and the water In the Iland Auallon so called in the Britans tongue of the Apples which the Latins cals Glasconia flourished the Monastery Glastenbury of great antiquity deriued from Ioseph of Arimathta Dunstan casting out the ancient Monkes brought thither the Benedictines of a later institution and himselfe was the first Abbot ouer a great multitude of Monkes indowed with Kingly reuenewes In the Church yard of this Monastery they say that the great worthy of the Britans Prince Arthur hath his Sepulcher The Episcopall little City called Wells of the Wells or Fountaines hath a stately Bishops Pallace The City Bathe is famous for the medicinall Baths whereof three Fountaines spring in the very City which are wholsome for bodies nummed with ill humours but are shut vp certaine howers of the day that no man should enter them till by their sluces they be purged of all filth The Bishop of Welles buying this City of Henry the first remoued his Episcopall seate thither yet still keeping the old name of Bishop of Welles and there built a new Cathedrall Church The City Bristowe is compassed with a double wall and hath so faire buildings as well publike as priuate houses as next to London and Yorke it is preferred to all other Cities of England 5 Wilshire was also inhabited by the Belgae or Netherlanders and lies all within land rich in all parts with pastures and corne Malmesbury is a faire Towne famous for the woollen clothes The Towne Wilton of old the cheefe of this County is now a little Village beautified with the stately Pallace of the Earles of Penbroke The City of Salisbury is made pleasant with waters running through the streetes and is beautified with a stately Cathedrall Church and the Colledge of the Deane and Prebends hauing rich Inhabitants in so pleasant a seate yet no way more famous then by hauing Iohn Iewell a late worthy Bishop borne there Some sixe miles from Salisbury is a place in the fields where huge stones are erected whereof some are eight and twenty foote high and seuen broade standing in three rowes after the forme of a crowne vppon which other stones are so laied acrosse as it seemes a worke hanging in the Ayre whereupon it is called Stoneheng vulgarly and is reputed among Miracles as placed there by Merlin there being scarce any stone for ordinary building in the Territory adioyning 6 Hamshire of old was inhabited within Land by the Belgae or Netherlanders and vppon the Sea coast by the Regni William the Norman Conquerour made here a Forrest for Deare destroying Towns and holy buildings for some thirty miles compasse which ground now well inhabited yet seruing for the same vse we call New-Forest Southampton a faire little City lies vpon the Sea Wintchester of old called Venta of the Belgae was a famous City in the time of the Romans and in these daies it is well inhabited watered with a pleasant Brooke and pleasantly seated and hath an olde Castle wherein there hanges against the wall a Table of a round forme vulgarly called Prince Arthurs round Table but Gamden thinkes it to haue been made long after his time It hath a Cathedrall Church and large Bishops Pallace and a famous Colledge founded for training vp young Schollers in learning whence many learned men haue been first sent to the Vniuersity and so into the Church and Commonwealth In the Towne or Port of Portsmouth lies a Garrison of souldiers to defend those parts from the incursions of the French by Sea 7 Barkshire was of old inhabited by the Atrebatij Newbery a famous Towne inriched by wollen clothes had his beginning of the ancient Towne Spina Windsore is famous by the Kings Castle neither can a Kings seate bee in a more pleasant situation which draweth the Kings often to retire thither and Edward the third kept at one time Iohn King of France and Dauid King of Scotland captiues in this Castle The same Edward the third built here a stately Church and dedicated it to the blessed Virgin Mary and to S. George the Capadocian and first instituted the order of Knights called of the Garter as an happy omen of victory in warre happily succeeding who weare vnder the left knee a watchet Garter buckled hauing this mot in the French tongue grauen in letters of gold Hony soit qui mal'y pense and the ceremonies of this order hee instituted to be kept in this Church 8 The County of Surry was of old inhabited by the Regni Otelands is beautified with the Kings very faire and pleasant house as Richmond is with the Kings stately Pallace 9 The County of Sussex of old inhabited by the Regni hath the faire City Chichesler and the Hauen Rhie knowne by being the most frequented passage into France 10 The County of Kent is rich in medows Pastures pleasant Groues and wonderfully aboundeth with Apples and Cherries It hath most frequent Townes and safe Harbours for ships and some vaines of Iron William the Norman Conquerour after the manner of the Romans instituted a Warden of the fiue Ports Hastings Douer Hith Rumney and Sandwiche to which Winchelsey and Rie the chiefe Hauens and other Townes are ioyned as members which haue great priuiledges because they are tied to serue in the warres and the Warden of them is alwaies one of the great Lords who within his iurisdiction hath in most things the authority of Admirall and other rights Detford Towne is well knowne where the Kings ships are built and repaired and there is a notable Armory or storehouse for the Kings Nauy Not farre from thence vpon the shore lie the broken ribs of the ship in which Sir Francis Drake sailed round about the World reserued for a monument of that great action Greenewich is beautified with the Kings Pallace Eltham another house of the Kings is not farre distant The Towne

Horse praised for swiftnesse seemes not to feare the heauy horses of Germany Surely though I doe not thinke the Germans to degenerate from the valour of their old Progenitors yet I haue read the Histories and haue heard the Gentlemen of France in our time much inueighing against them First that being in neutrall or friends Countries farre distant from the enemy they consumed wine and victuals as if they had been borne to no other end and spoyled all mens goods but when the enemy drew neare that not content with their former spoyles they would then murinie for pay and refuse otherwise to fight when the Princes had no present meanes to satisfie them yea and for want of it would threaten to leaue their party and goe to the enemy bearing no more affection to the one then the other Secondly that in all Armies wherein their strength was predominant and especially vpon the approch of the enemy they were prone to threatnings and seditious demeanour Thirdly that the horse hauing giuen one assault without successe could by no intreaty no reward no hope of victory be induced to giue a second charge Fourthly that once put out of order and routed they could neuer be gathered againe together Fiftly that in the battell of Mountcontour by confused feare they had almost exposed themselues and the whole Armie to the sword and that in the next battell hauing the victory they spared neither man woman nor child but like Beares raged against their yeelding suppliants stil crying Mountcontour Mount contour for the word of reuenge Lastly that the leuies of thē are an excessiue charge that they consume abundance of victuals and especially wine and cannot beare with any want of the least of them and are a great burthen to an Army with their baggage Touching victuals I haue heard the Citizens of Vienna being themselues Germans yet freely professing that when the Turkes made a shew to besiege them and incamped on one side of the towne they suffered farre greater losse by the souldiers receiued into the Towne to helpe them then by the enemies spoiling all abroad Touching their baggage euery footeman hath his wench that carries on her backe a great packe and a brasse pan while the souldier himselfe goes empty carrying nothing but his Armes And at Strasburg I did see certaine troopes of horse enter the Towne sent from the Marquis of Brandeburg to aide the Citizens against the Duke of Loraine which horsemen had an vnspeakeable number of carts to carry their Armes and other necessaries and vpon each cart sat a Cocke which creature as most watchfull the Germans haue of most old custome vsed to carry with them to the warres I cannot passe in silence the iudgement of an Italian well knowne though by mee vnnamed who because the Germans in our age haue had some ill successes in the warre doth attribute the same to the impurity of the reformed Religion prosessed by them wherein he sophistically obtrudes the false cause for the true not much vnlike the old man recorded in our Histories who being asked for his age and experience what he thought to be the cause of Goodwyn sands neare the mouth of the Thames answered that hee thought the building of Tenterton Steeple was the cause thereof because no such sands were seene till the time when it was built Nothing is more manifest then that the Germans of the reformed Religion nothing yeeld or rather much excell the Germans continuing Papists in all manuall Arts Liberall Sciences and all indowments of Nature which may clearely be proued by one instance of the Norenbergers and Sweitzers professing the reformed Religion who in all Arts and the military profession passe all other Germans whatsoeuer Neither am I of the same Italians opinion who to make the Germans actiue in warre thinkes they must haue an Italian or some forraigne Prince for their Generall which none in the World can lesse indure since they not onely most willingly heare reade and obey the Preachers Authors and Superiours of their owne Country but aboue all other Nations singular in selfe-loue doe also despise all strangers compared with themselues though otherwise they be not vnhospitall towards them They haue one commendable custome proper to them with the Sweitzers onely namely that after a yeeres or longer warfare they returne home vncorrupted with the dissolute liberty of the warres and settle themselues to their manuall trades and tillage of the ground The Emperour Charles the fifth did leade against the Turkes an Army of ninety thousand foot and thirty thousand horse And the Emperour Maximilian the second did leade against the Turkes an Army of one hundred thousand foote and thirty fiue thousand horse And in the Ciuill warre betweene the Emperour Charles the fifth and the Protestants besides the Emperours Army consisting partly of Germans partly of Italians and Spaniards the Protestant Princes had of their owne Country men an Army of eighty thousand foot and ten thousand horse And in all these Armies there was no complaint of any the least want of victuals So as by these examples it appeares that the Empire can leauie and nourish a most powerfull Army And for better vnderstanding of their warfar I wil ad the decree of the Emperor the Electors in the Expedition against the Turks in the yeere 1500. Albert Palatine of the Rheine was confirmed Generall of the Empire and sixe Counsellors were chosen to assist him And it was further decreed that the Generall should not make warre vpon any without direction from the Councell of the Empire then chosen and consting of sixe spirituall and sixe temporall Princes three Abbots sixe chosen by the people and eight chosen by the free Cities That the souldiers should sweare obedience to the General and he giue like oath to the Emperor and the Empire That the Generall should haue the command of three hundreth Horse with eight Guldens by the moneth allowed for each Horse That the Generall should further haue one thousand three hundreth Guldens by the moneth or more by consent of the Councell That each Horseman should haue eight Guldens by the moneth and each Poorman foure Guldens That the Generall should haue twenty foure for his guard with fiue Guldens by the moneth for each of them That the Generall should haue pay for thirty two carts each cart drawne with foure horses and allowed two Horsemens pay That the Generall happening to bee taken by the fortune of the warre the Empire should readily pay his ransome and redeeme him That no peace should be made without the consent of the Generall Lastly that the Generall should depose this dignitie when hee should be directed so to doe by the Councell within three moneths if he were within the Empire or within sixe moneths if he should then be out of the confines of the Empire To conclude he that shall particularly visit and behold the Armories and storehouses for military prouisions as wel of the Princes as free Cities shall bee

the Leagues of Burgundy and Milan with the Cantons of the Roman religion to last fiue yeres after his death and this was done in the Church of Milan where the Ambassadours are said to haue hung vp their Shields in memory therof and to haue giuen a thousand gold crownes to the beautifying of the Church at which time the King of Spaine diuided twelue thousand gold crownes betweene the Ambassadours besides the charges passing three thousand crownes But the Ambassadours of Solothurn with-drew themselues from this League because the King of France was indebted to them which debt the King of Spaine refused to pay By this League they are mutually bound to aide each other with one thousand two hundred foote and the King of Spaine promised yeerely Pensions in generall to the Cantons and in particular to diuers chiefe men and Captaines For the Sweitzers vse to make no League without profit since the Neighbour Princes grew of opinion that they could not make warre except their Armies were strengthened with a firme body of Sweitzers Not onely Solothurn renounced the said League but also the Cantons of the reformed religion partly not to do any thing against their League with France partly left they should take part with a King whom they iudged most ambitions and a great enemy to the Reformed Religion howsoeuer he couered that hatred and partly lest they should aduance the House of Austria iustly suspected by them whose victories might turne to their ruine And at the same time the Cantons and Fellowes in League being of the Reformed Religion after the doctrine of Caluine made a League for defence of religion among themselues and with Strasburg a neighbour free city of Germany being of the Reformed Religion after the doctrine of Luther The Duke of Sauoy had his Ambassadour residing at Lucerna where the Popes Ambassadours also reside of whose Leagues for yeeres we formerly spake The old Allobroges now called Sauoyans had old Leagues with the Cantons of Bern Friburg and Solothurn but Charles Duke of Sauoy in the yeere 1512 made a League for twenty fiue yeeres with all the Cantons by which among other things it was couenanted that the Duke should aide the Sweitzers with sixe hundred or more horse at his owne charge so hee were not distracted with warres at home and that the Sweitzers should aide the Duke with sixe thousand foot for any warre in his owne Countrie to whom the Duke should pay each man sixe Frankes by the moneth But hee should not imploy them to fight at sea nor leade them beyond the sea but onely to defend his owne Countrie and the confines thereof And it was couenanted that during this League the Duke should yeerely pay at Bern two hundred gold crownes to each Canton When this League was expired Duke Charles put out of his Dukedome by the French King Francis the first followed the Emperour Charles the fifth and the renewing of this League was intermitted But the King of France restoring Philebert his sonne to the Dukedome this Duke in the yeere 1560 made a new and perpetuall League with sixe Cantons namely Lucerna Suitia Vria Vnderualdia Zug and Solothurne And after the rest of the Cantons vpon like conditions renewed the old league with this Duke onely in this last league no mention is made of mutuall aides couenanted by the former league The French Ambassadour resided at Solothurn who of old vsed to reside at Bazil and the league of the French Kings with the Sweitzers is of farre greater moment then any of the rest The first of the French that made warre with the Sweitzers was Lewis the French Kings sonne after the eleuenth King of that name who leading an Army to assist Pope Eugenius in dissoluing the Councell at Bazill was perswaded by the Emperour Fredericke to assaile the Sweitzers but a small number of them possessing straight passages did so annoy his Army as he soone retired He made peaco with the Sweitzers in the yeere 1450 and hauing tried their strength made league with them for ten yeeres His son Charles the eighth in the yeere 1483 renewed this league and vsed the Sweitzers in his warres with the Duke of Britany and for the Kingdome of Naples Lewis the twelfth after the league for yeers was expired renounced the payment of all publike or priuate pensions wherwith the Sweitzers were so greatly offended as after they refused to renew that league with him and ioined in league with the Pope and the Duke of Milan against him so as by their aide he was in the yeere 1512 cast out of the Dukedome of Milan The French King Francis the first fought with the Sweitzers ioined against him in league with the Emperour Maximilian Pope Leo the tenth and Sfortia Duke of Milan For howsoeuer the Sweitzers suspected the proceeding of their confederates and purposed to returne home yet the Pretorian Sweitzers of the Duke of Milan assailing the French the rest of the Sweitzers though called home yet lest they should seeme to forsake their companions ioined with the Pretorian Sweitzers and so by art and cunning drawne to fight gaue the French a notable ouerthrow at which time the Sweitzers had the greatest Army they euer brought into the field being 31000 foot but the French King Francis the next day fighting again with the Sweitzers ouerthrew them yet so as the retreit as they write was nothing like a flight And so the King casting Sfortia out of the Dukedome of Milan recouered the same After this prosperous successe the French King sought nothing more then to be reconciled and ioined in league with the Sweitzers hee had ouercome which hee did the league consisting of 13 heads 1. They couenanted for taking away all iniuries controuersies 2. For freeing of captiues 3. How the Sweitzers may plead any cause in iudgement against the King 4 That al should enioy the benefit therof being borne within the confines of Sweitzerland speaking the Dutch tongue 5. Priuiledges are confirmed to the Merchants of Sweitzerland 6 For charges in the siege of Dyiune and in Italy the King couenants to pay them a great sum of mony by yeerly portions 7. It is agreed that all controuersies shall be determined by courses there set downe not by warre 8. That neither part shall giue passage to the enemies of the other 9. That Merchants all subiects on both parts shall freely passe not offended with reproches or oppressed with impositions 10. That the King shall yeerly pay to each Canton 2000 Franks and to the Abbot of S. Gallus and his subiects and to those of Toggenburg 600 Frankes and to the City of S. Gallus 400 to the Mulhusians 400 to the Gruerians 600 to the Valisians 2000 and to the Grisons the pensions giuen by Lewis the 12 and moreouer yeerly 2000 Franks but howsoeuer the Rhetians or Grisons by this league serue the King in his warres with the Sweitzers yet Semler witnesseth that they serue seuerally vnder

Abbot and Towne of Saint Gallus the Rhetians or Grisons the Bishop of Sedun the Valcsians and the Townes Rotauile Mulhasium and Bipenue And the gouernements are Turgea that of Baden of the Rhegusci of the Sarunetes of the free Prouince the Lugani the Locarnenses the Inhabitants of the middle Valley and the Bilitionenses That of Turgea is subiect to the seuen old Cantons yet Bern Friburg and Solothurn haue also their rights in capitall causes That of Raden the Sarunetes the Rhegusci and the free Prouince are subiect likewise to the seuen old Cantons onely Bern hath beene admitted partner in that of Baden and Apenzill in that of the Rhegusci The foure Italian gouernements are equally subiect to all the cantons excepting Apenzill and the Bilitionenses are subiect to the three old Cantons All these ioined haue these Cities and Townes Zurech Bern Lucern Zug Bazill Friburg Solothurn Schafhusen the Towne of S. Gallus Chur of the Grisons Sedun of the Valesians Roteuil Mulhuse Bipenne all the rest dwell in Villages Among the cantons Bazill of the Rauraci Schafhusen of Germany Glarona in part of the Grisons Vria in part of the Lepontij are seated out of the old confines of Sweitzerland and so are all the fellowes in league excepting the Abbot and Towne of S. Gallus and the Towne Ripenne Among these the old Nation of the Rhetians now called Grisons were of old called Valesiani Viberi Seduni and Veragri And Roteuile is a city of Germany and Mulhuse of the Sequaui in France Among the gouernements the Rhegusci and the Sarunetes are of the old Rhetians and the Luganenses the Locarnenses the Mendrisij and the Inhabitants of the middle Valley and the Bilitionij are of the Lepontij and Italian Nation which tongue they speake Many doubt to number these confederates among common-wealths since each of them is no otherwise tied to the decrees of the other then by free consent as all priuate societies are whereas in a commonwealth the greater part binds all yet because they haue one common councell and most of the Prouinces are ruled thereby because warre and peace is made by common consent and they liue almost vnder the same lawes and customes and are vnited strictly in perpetuall league Semler concludes that this society comes neerest to the forme of a common-wealth for whereas some hating the nation obiect Anarchy to them and say they got freedome by killing the Gentlemen and others interpreting it more mildly and confessing the oppression of the Gentlemen yet iudge the reuenge to haue exceeded all measure the truth thereof will appeare by the History of Semler and others shewing that great part of the Gentry was extinguished by the House of Austria Therefore it must be a mixt commonwealth if such it may be called being neither a Monarchy of one iust King Aristocraty of iust great men nor Democrity a popular state much lesse any of the corrupt commonwealths called Tyranny Oligarchy and Anarchy that is the tyranny of a King or of noble men or a confused State the equity of the gouernment shewing that it much differs from them The Vrij Suitij Vnderualdij the Glaronenses dwelling scattered and Zug though it be a Towne gouerne all with the consent of the people Zurech Bern Lucern Bazill Friburg Solothurn and Schafhusen are gouerned by the cheefe men but since the Magistrates are chosen by the people some of these Cities are more some lesse Aristocraticall or popular The Ambassadours sent to publike meetings haue Aristocraticall forme but since they are chosen by the people with limited power it may seeme popular And it is not vnequall that the people hauing setled freedome with their danger should be partners of their gouernement but in the meane time the Sweitzers auoide as much as they can the discommodities of a popular State while none but the best and most wise are sent to the meetings and howsoeuer their power is limited yet when they returne they so relate all things to the people as they easily vnderstand them and giue consent thereunto But to make the strict vnion of these confederates more apparant it will not be amisse to peruse some of the heads of the league between the eight old Cantons Therin first is cautioned of sending mutuall aides so as first in publike counsell the iustnes of the warre may be examined Then the aides are not to be required of all but of each particular Canton according to their mutuall leagues Zurech by old league hath right to require aides of the first six Cantons and by a new league also of Bern. And Bern requires aide of the three first Cantons and they of Bern. Lucerna requires aide of fiue Cantons The three first Cantons require mutuall aides of one another and of all the rest Zug and Lucerna are bound to aide the fiue Cantons Glarona requires aide of the three old cantons and Zurech Thus while one Canton cals the next ioined to it in league howsoeuer each one cannot require aid of all or each one by right of league yet in any common danger all the Cantons bring their forces being called of some one or more Cantons in league with them besides that they haue wisely decreed that in sudden dangers all shall bring succours whether they be called or no. They which are called to giue aide by vertue of any league serue at their owne cost without any pay Between Bern and the three old Cantons it is decreed that if the aides be sent beyond certaine bounds then they which called them shall giue them pay and in like sort certaine bounds of sending aides are limited between all the rest of the Cantons in their seuerall leagues with all conditions expressed In any siege the Canton which causeth it is bound to find many necessaries but if the cause be publike all prouisions are made at the publike charge The foure old cantons and Glarona cannot make any new league which is free to the rest alwayes preseruing the old league which they also may encrease or diminish by common consent It is decreed that euery fiue or ten yeeres this league shall be renewed by word or writing or if need be by oath Zu rech Bern Vria Suitia and Vnderualdia in this league except the rights of the Roman Empire Lucerna and Zug the rights of the Dukes of Austria Glarona the rights of their lawfull Magistrates and each Canton the rights of old leagues When the said eight Cantons receiued the other fiue into their number besides the foresaid heads it was decreed among other things in their league that the fiue last cantons howsoeuer wronged should make no warre without the consent of the eight old Cantons and in like sort that they should make no league without their consent neither in time of warre should refuse good conditions of peace And lastly it was decreed that without great cause no warre should be made in places out of the mountaines and difficult passages of that Prouince where

they could not fight with aduantage The thirteene Cantons haue that priuiledge that they deliberate and determine the affaires of the commonwealth in publike meetings by voices and gouerne by equall right the gouernments gotten iointly by them and haue equal part in all booties The greatest Senate is when all the Ambassadours that is chosen Burgesses of the cantons and Fellowes in league are called together which is seldom done but in the causes of making warre or peace onely the Ambassadors of the thirteene Cantons being commonly called to counsell Al Ambassadors haue equal right in giuing voices but two or more being sent from one Canton haue but one voice In causes concerning the gouernements belonging to seuen or eight or 12 Cantons onely the Ambassadours or Burgesses or States of those Cantons meet to whom the gouernement belongs and so the Burgesses of all other seuerally for things belonging to themselues but where the cause concernes the publike State the full Senate of all the Cantons is called to the meeting Since the late differences of Religion new and particular meetings haue beene instituted The Cantons of the Roman Religion Vria Suitia Vnderualdia Lucerna and Zug ioined in a more strict league doe often meete together when any man names the fiue Cantons simply they meane them not the hue old cantons howsoeuer naming the three seuen or eight Cantons they are taken according to the time of their entring into league And sometimes the Cantons of Frihurg and Solothurn being also of the Roman Religion come to the meetings of the said fiue Cantons Greatest part of the Citizens of Glarona and Apenzill are of the reformed Religion and the foure Cities chiefe of the Cantons namely Zurech Bern Bazill Schafhusen haue altogether cast off the Roman Religion haue particular meetings but not often yet when I passed through this Prouince I vnderstood that Glarona was altogether of the reformed Religion and that Apenzill was numbred among the Cantons of the Roman Religion The great Senate determines of warre peace leagues each hauing freedome to refuse any league likewise of making Lawes of sending receiuing answering Ambassadors of gouernments of distributing gainefull Offices of difficult causes referred to the Senate by Gouernors of appeales made from Gouernours to the Senate Ambassadours or Burgesses in place of Iudges are sent about the moneth of Iune to heare the causes of the Italian gouernments from whom they may appeale to the Senate and these appeales as all other are determined by the Senate in the meetings at Baden where also they deliberate of customes impositions the reuenues and if need be of punishing the Gouernours or displacing them in which case the Canton which sent that Gouernour appoints another The City Zurech chiefe of the Cantons hath the first place not by antiquity but dignity and of old custome hath the highest authority to call the Senate together signifying to each canton by letters the cause the time of each meeting yet if any canton thinke it for the publike good to haue an extraordinary meeting they write to Zurech to appoint the same or if the cause admit no delay they meet vncalled Most commonly the generall meetings are at Lucern Zurech Bremogart and Baden but more commonly in these daies almost continually they are at Baden in respect of the commodity of the houses and Innes the pleasant situation famous medicinall Baths and because it is seated in the center of Sweitzerland and is subiect to the 8 old cantons The cantons of the Roman religion commonly haue their particular meetings at Lucerna sometimes at Bockenried of the Vrij or Brame of the Suitij are called together by the canton of Lucern and the cantons of the reformed religion haue their particular meetings commonly at Arowike vnder Bern somtimes at Bazil are called together by the canton of Zurech Forrain Ambassadors require of Zurech to haue audience in the Senate but the peculiar meeings for French causes are called by the French Ambassador as often as he wil at Solothurn where he resideth or at Lucern other Ambassadors shold not be denied extraordinary meetings so they pay the expences as the French Ambassador doth The ful Senate yeerly meets about September at Baden about which time I said that Burgesses in place of Iudges are sent to heare the causes of the Italian gouernments And in this first meeting the greatest causes are not determined either because the Ambassadours or Burgesses or States haue not full power or for other causes but another meeting is there appointed and howsoeuer this Senate is onely called for publike causes yet those being ended they vse to heare priuate causes also Assoone as the said Burgesses or States at the appointed day come to the City the Burgesse of Zurech sends the Vice-gouernor of Baden to salute them to acquaint them with the time of meeting Then they sit downe in the Court first the Burgesses of Zurech in a place raised higher then the rest 2. Those of Bern Thirdly Those of Lucerna as chief though not in antiquity yet in dignity and after the rest according to the antiquity of their Cantons The Burgesse of Zurech first makes an Oration and propounds the causes vpon which they are to consult adding what his Canton hath commanded him in each particular and then the rest speake in order according to the directions giuen them at home The vnder Gouernour of Baden of what Canton soeuer he be askes and numbers the voices The peculiar meetings of particular Cantons and those for French affaires haue no set times Each Canton hath publike Magistrates vulgarly called Vmbgelten who administer the Impositions vpon wine and corne and gather them by their deputies They pay tribute only for that wine which is sold in Tauerns and for that corne which is exported or vsed by Bakers for otherwise the Citizens pay not for wine and corne brought iuto their priuate houses and spent therein And I haue obserued that they pay in some places the value of 24 measures tribute for a vessell of wine containing ninety six measures The salt which is brought in is onely sold by the Senate of each Citie or Canton and I vnderstood by discourse that the Citizens may not buy salt or take it of gift out of the Citie Particularly at Schafhusen the Customes are great especially for salt in respect that the water of the Rheine hath a great fall from a rocke so as all ships must be vnladed before they can passe by that Citie In generall the Sweitzers especially want wine corne and salt as may appeare by the couenants of their forraigne leagues and otherwise the tributes are small which can bee imposed vpon such a free Nation Concerning their Lawes I haue formerly said that the senerall Cantons are not bound one to the decrees of the other except they freely consent thereunto yet that they all haue one Common Councell and almost all

Constable so called of Conine and stapel as the stay and vpholding of the King who hath the highest command in the warres and the Admirall so called of a Greeke word who hath the chiefe command in Nauall affaires Then two Marshals so called as skilfull in horsmanship for the old Dutch called an Horse-mar and now a mare is by them called meri and schalc signifies cunning Also the Steward of the house And the militarie titles still remaine hereditary to diuers families but the exercise of the Office is taken from them Other Gentlemen of this third ranck are by inheritance Officers to ouersee the Reuenues and to take accounts such are the Treasurers and receiuers for the Princes Rents for perpetuall Tributes of land and these honours still remaine to certaine Families though these Rents are now brought in ready money into the Exchequer Other Gentlemen of this third ranck haue Offices in Court as the Master of the houshold Chamberlaine Cup-bearer which offices are proper by inheritance to certaine Families but the Master of the game as well for hunting as hawking and the Water-Graues ouerseeing Lakes and Riuers for Swannes fishing and other like things are offices giuen at the Princes pleasure and not proper to any Familie The fourth rancke of Gentlemen is of those who are adorned with the Knightly girdle and they are called guilded Knights of their golden spurres and other ornaments which honour the Princes giue for great seruices creating them with laying a drawne sword on their left shoulder and with certaine solemnity of words those who haue this title be they neuer so meane are made Gentlemen with their posteritie and if they be Gentlemen yet it addes dignities to them And because I haue made this mention of Knights giue mee leaue to adde a word of the Knightly order of the Golden Fleece instituted by the Duke of Burgundy Phillip the Good in the yeere 1429 vpon the very day of his mariage with Elizabeth of Portugall in imitation of Gedions Fleece and of the Golden Fleece fetcht by the Argonauts of Greece He receiued into this Order Gentlemen vnblameable for life and valour in Armes whereof the Prince and his successours are the Head or chiefe President and hee gaue each of them a Scarlet gowne of woollen cloth which his son Charles changed into a red Veluet Gowne and a gold chaine with his fathers Emblem of a steele striking fire out of a flint vpon which chaine hangs the Golden Fleece and vpon the death of any Knight this badge is sent backe to be bestowed vpon some other Gentleman of merit At first the number of these Knights with the Prince their head was twenty fiue but within fiue yeeres they were increased to thirty fiue And the Emperour Charles the fifth in the yeere 1516 made the number fifty one At the first institution this order had foure Officers a Chancelor a Treasurer a King at Armes and a Secretary and in the Court of this Order the vnlawfull flying of any Knight out of the field and all other crimes and the dissentions among them are iudged without appeale The feast of the Order hath been kept in diuers places according to the Princes pleasure but the Armes of the Knights are set vp in the Chancell of the chiefe Church at Bruges where the feast thereof was kept at the first institution In generall Flaunders hath a great number of Lords and Gentlemen as likewise the Dukedome of Luxenburg and adioyning Prouinces and they exercise themselues in feeding of Cattle and tillage but iudging ignoble all trade of Merchants and profession of manuall arts They haue no immunities as in Artois Henault and all France but beare the same burthen of tributes with the people to keepe them from sedition while the Gentlemen hated by them beare the same burthen as they doe Hauing spoken of the two States of the Clergy and Gentlemen it remaines to adde something of the third State namely the foure members which haue the place of the common people in other Kingdomes and they are Ghant Bruges Ypre and Terra Franca that is the Free land which foure Territories haue the chiefe or rather all authoritie in Flaunders Each of these members is exempted from all confiscation of goods by old priuiledge confirmed by the Emperour Charles the fifth in the yeere 1549. Other Cities howsoeuer they haue their Magistrates Lawes and Reuenewes to themselues yet in the common Counsell or Parliament for imposing tributes or leauying of souldiers they follow the foure members and all Flaunders is bound to their Decree in this generall meeting of the States the Clergie Gentlemen Lords and Burgesses of other Cities consulting with the foure members but they challenging all authoritie to decree and solely representing the whole bodie of Flaunders in the generall meetings of all Netherland Iohn Duke of Burgundie remoued from Lile to Ghant the Senate called the Counsell of Flaunders and giuing the Law to all Flaunders Bruges a most pleasant Citie is the second member hauing this priuiledge aboue all other Cities that hee who is free of the same by birth gift buying or marriage is freed from all confiscation of any goods wheresoeuer found no crime or case excepted whereas the priuiledges of other Cities alwaies except violence offered to the persons of the Prince his Wife and Children Also Bruges hath a stately Mint-house with priuiledge to coyne money Ypre is the third member which City I passe ouer for feare to be tedious The fourth member is Terra Franca added to the rest being but three at the first institution by Phillip the Good in the yeere 1437 with intent to bridle the power of Bruges which Citie then much repined at the same and neuer ceased to raise tumults till Marie wife to the Emperour Maximilian abolished this fourth member which Charles the fifth their Grand-child shortly after restored to that dignitie Among the Magistrates some of them doe properly belong to the Princes affaires namely the Legall Chamber consisting of the Princes Counsellers and being as it were the head of other Courts the meeting and number whereof is at the Princes pleasure but commonly the meeting is at Ghant and they consult of waighty affaires which since haue beene referred to the Princes Priuy Counsell or to the counsell of Flaunders seated at Ghant And to the same are referred all controuersies touching fees and appeales from feodnary Courts which are iudged without appeall in the presence of the Earle or his Baily there being a chaire cushion and Sword of estate Also the chamber Hastredeninga that is the supreme court of accounts cōsisting of hereditary treasurers yeerly meeting at Lile for three daies who iudge without appeale all things touching Receiuers with personall and reall actions belonging to the Princes patrimony and giue oathes to new Treasurers and Feo daries The third court of accounts established at Lile consists of a President foure Masters fiue helpers and two clarkes It examines the accompts of reuenues

priuiledge of age and sex euen where the Parents leaue Children lawfully begotten I returne to the foresaid Prouinces which I said to be vnited in mutuall league for their defence against the Spaniards The said Prouinces at the first breaking out of the ciuill warre when Antwerp was besieged humbly and instantly besought Elizabeth Queene of England to vndertake their patronage and defence and to encourage and giue her more power offered her the Soueraignety of those Prouinces but the most wise Queene with graue counsell and for weighty reasons refused to take them for Subiects Perhaps among other reasons of greater weight fearing lest vndertaking that warre as Queene of the Prouinces most part of the burthen thereof should fall vpon her English subiects thinking it probable that the Netherlanders being a people which had often taken Armes against their Prince of all other things least bearing new taxes and impositions which they professed next the persecution for Religion to be the chiefe cause of this warre would alwaies be apt to stir vp sedition when her Maiesty as their Prince should impose but half the tributes customes which themselues by general consent for loue of liberty haue imposed born with incredible patience during this warre And howsoeuer her Maiesty desired their liberty should be preserued yet the peace betweene England and Spaine howsoeuer shaken by many iniuries on both sides prouoking desire of reuenge notwithstanding was not yet fully broken And it seemes probable to me not knowing those counsels but by coniecture that her Maiesty being a woman the King of Spaine being powerfull and some of her Subiects being alienated from her for the reformation of Religion thought it more wisdome to suffer warre for her iust defence then her selfe openly to beginne the same yet would shee not altogether neglect the afflicted people of those Prouinces but resolued with the States thereof that they should make Count Maurice sonne to the Prince of Orange Generall of their Army gouerning their owne affaires and her Maiesty should professe the defence of that afflicted people with whom England alwaies had strict league of trade and amity till meanes might be vsed for restoring them to the King of Spaines fauour Whereupon at the instant suite of the States the tenth of August in the yeere 1585 her Maiesty granted them an aide of fiue thousand Foot and a thousand Horse to whom her Maiesty was to giue pay during the warre yet so as the Prouinces were bound to make restitution of all her expences when the warre should be composed and for pledge of performance should giue into her Maiesties hands the Towne of Vlishing in Zealand with the adioining Castle of Rammekins to be kept with a Garrison of seauen hundred English foote and the Towne of Brill with some adioining Forts to be kept with a Garrison of 450 English Foot the said Prouinces being bound as I said to make reall satisfaction to her Maiesty at the end of the warre for all expences aswel of the said Forces as of these Garrisons which amounted yeerly to the summe of one hundred twenty six thousand pounds sterling And her Maiesty for the safety of her neighbours bore this intollerable burthen till the yeere 1594 at which time Sir Thomas Bodley Knight her Maiesties Ambassadour for those Prouinces by a new transaction diminished those great expences the wealth of those Prouinces being then much increased aswell by the concourse of Merchants leauing desolate Flanders to dwell in that flourishing State as because they had brought many Countries by right of warre to yeeld them contributions namely all the Sea Coast of Brabant some part of Flanders with the Countries vulgarly called Ommelands Drent Twent Linghen Limbrough and Walkenbrough and had greatly increased their tributes aswel in Holland Zeland Freesland and Vtrecht as in Guelderland Zutphan Dlandt ouer Ysell and lastly had taken many strong Townes of no small moment namely Deuenter Zutphan Nimmenghen Stonwicke Bredaw Hulst Steneberg and Groninghen The state of those Prouinces being as I said thus increased and her Maiesty being forced for many yeeres to keepe a strong army at home to subdue the Irish Rebels her Maiesties Ambassadour at the foresaid time made a new transaction with the States for diminishing the charge of the English Forces seruing them And this helpe so long giuen by her Maiesty to the vnited Prouinces cannot seeme of smal moment For howsoeuer the Queen did not alwaies keepe the full number of the said Forces and sometimes called home or cashiered part of them yet shee did alwaies maintaine the greatest part decreasing or increasing the same according to the necessity of the present affaires and imploied the Forces called home onely in voiages by Sea profitable aswell to the vnited Prouinces as to England and that for a short time of Sommer seruice after sending them backe to serue the States The States who gouerne these Prouinces if they haue made no change in particulars which at pleasure they both can and vse to doe are graue men Counsellors or Burgesses vulgarly called States chosen by the people of each City and Towne not for a limited time but during pleasure and with full power who residing in the chief City of the Prouince haue care all iointly of the prouinciall affaires and each particularly of his Cities or Townes affaires And this Counsell must needes be distracted with diuers opinions arising from the diuers affaires of each Prouince City Town and the seuerall commandements they receiue at home These prouinciall States chuse among themselues one two or three Burgesses for each Prouince according to the condition and capacity of those that are chosen for how many soeuer they be they haue but one voice for their Prouince at generall meetings and these they send to reside at Hage in Holland with like authority as they haue there to gouerne the publike affaires of all the vnited Prouinces and they are called the generall States And as the prouinciall States may be diminished in number or increased according to the occasions of the publike businesse or of any particular meeting and may bee called home by the Citizens who chuse them so the generall States chosen by them to reside at Hage enioy their places vpon like condition And out of these generall States certaine chosen men are made Counsellors to order the affaires of warre and to assist and direct the Generall of the Army therein Others are set ouer the affaires of the Admiralty others ouer the Chauncery of Brabant and others ouer diuers particular Offices I call them Counsellors of the Chauncery of Brabant who manage the affaires of Brabant belonging to Holland This must alwaies be vnderstood that the Burgesses or States of Holland in respect of the dignity of that Prouince many waies increased and inriched aboue the rest haue somewhat more authority and respect then any other but the wheele of the publike State is turned by the Senate of the generall States residing

Bohemia Flemish Danish Polonian 〈◊〉 Turkish Ann. 1169. Anno 1339 Ann. 1400. Anno 1577 The rebellion of the Earle of Desmond Ann. 1578 Tyrones Rebellion Hugh Earle of Tyrone 〈◊〉 Ann. 1588. Anno 1589 Sir William Fitz-williams Lord Deputie Ann. 1590. Ann. 1590. Ann. 1590. Ann. 1591 Ann. 1592. Ann. 1593. Ann. 1594 Anno 1594 Sir William Russel Lord Deputie Ann. 1595. L. Deputy L. General together Ann. 1596. An. 1597. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lord Instice Lord Lieftenant and Lords Instices An. 1598. The defeat of Blackewater Anno 1598 Earle of Essex Lord Lieutenant The Establishment An. 15999. Camden saith onely one thousand Lords Instices Charles Blonnt L. Mountioy L. Deputy The Rebels strength An. 1599. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Connaght Vlster Lemstor A new Lord President of Mounster Affaires of Mounster The fight at the Moyry Carlingford fight Mounster An. 1601. Mounster The landing of the Spaniards Tyrones Forces shew themselues Tyrone shewes himselfe horse and foote Tyrone redues to assayle our Campe. The defeate of Tyrones forces The Spaniard parlies The conditions of the Spaniards yeelding Kinsale and other places The siege of Kinsale raised The Lord Deputy enters into Tyrone The affaires of Mounster The Earle of Tyrone receiued to mercy King Iames proclaimed The mutiny of the Cities in Mounster about Religion Sir George Carey left L. Deputy by the Lord Mountioy L. Lieutenant returning into England The death of the Lord Mountioy created Earle of Deuonshire Anno 1613 Uoraciti Fortitude and strength Wit and wisdome Crueltie persidiousnesse couetousnes and prodigality usie Suspition Madnesse Venerie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Religion Softnesse of skinne Cleanlinesse Luxurie Leuitie Fortunatenesse Diuels and the possessed with diuels Prouerbiall speeches of Trauellers in generall Prouerbiall speeches in particular of Germany Bohemia and Sweitzerland Prouerbiall speeches of Netherland or the Low-Countries Of Denmarke and Poland Prouerbiall speeches of Italy Particularly of the Italian Cities Of Turkey Of France England Poland and Ireland Germany and Sweitzerland and Boemerland The Alpes Low-Countries Denmark Poland Italy Turkey France England Ireland Scotland Sepulchers in generall Publike buildings for Merchants to meete Senate-houses Publike places for recreation Stables Clockes Theaters and water Conduits Bridges Goldesmiths shops Churches and Colledges Buildings in Germany Of Sweitzerland Of Boemerland Low Countries Of Denmark Of Poland Of Italy Of Turkey Of France Of England Of Scotland Of Ireland Of Forts in generall In generall of Geography Equator Meridian Paralells The fiue Zones Degrees Longitude and Latitude Zones Clymes Parts of the World Of Germany Sweitzerland Bohemia Vpper Germany containing Sweitzerland 19 Prouinces of lower Germany among which Bohemia is reckoned The situation of Germany The fertility of Germany Of the trafick of Germany The Germans diet Boemerland and Sweitzerland Of both in general Sweitz particularly Dohemerland particularly The first branch of Rheine The second branch The third branch The situation The fertility of the vnited Prouinces The traficke Dict. Denmarke The situation The Fertilty The traffake The 〈◊〉 Poland The situation The fertilty The traffick The dyot Italy The situation The 〈◊〉 The traffick Silk wormes The traffick Their diet The situation The fortility The traffick Their diet 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The situation The fertility and trafficke Their Diet. England The shires of Wales Other shires of England The situation The fertility and trafficke Their dyet Scotland The Ilands The situatio The fertility The trafficke The diet Ireland The funatiō The fertility and trafficke The Dyet Germany Bohmerland Sweitzerland Netherland Denmarke The Polonians Italie Turkey France England Ireland The historocall introduction The House of Austria The Empe rours pedegree The house of Austria The Emperours Dominions Bohemia Hungary The Emperour and his Court. The 〈◊〉 rors Election The institution of the Electors and diuers constitutions of the Empire concerning the Electors and other Officers and the Emperor himselfe At Coronation and like Feasts The generall date of the Empire The state of certaine Princes Of Cities Of Bishops Of secular Princes Of free Cities Of the Dietaes Of the Empires Common-wealth in generall The Taxes Impositions and Renenews Their warlike prouision in time of peace Their Ward fare of old Their horsemen at this day Their footemen at this day Their warfare in generall at this day Their Nauall power at this day The Imperiall Chamber Capitall iudgements Ciuil Iudgements The Lawes of Inheritance The degrees in Family First the Wiues Of seruants Of Sons and Daughters The degrees in Common-wealth Gentleman The generall Orders of Knights The Order of the Germā Knights Vpon the dissolution of this Order the Duke of Prussia was created The ordinaery degree of Knighthood in Germany Bishops Husbandmen The degrees in Bohemia The Princes of the Empire and free Cities The Duke of Saxony Elector The Count Palatine of the Rheine Elector and the Duke of Bauaria The Elector Palatine of the Rheine The Margraue of Brandeburg Elector The Spirituall Electors The Langraues of Hessen The City of Nurnberg chosen Angsburg Strasburg Franckfort Lubecke Hamburg Brunswicke The Dukes of Brunswick and of Luneburg The Duke of Brunswicke The City the Dukes of Luneburg Dantzke Emden Foure parts of the Commonwealth Thirteene Cantons Fellowes in league Stipendiary Cities and Gouernements Forraigne leagues for 〈◊〉 namely the papall leagues Forraigne hereditary leagues as that of Milan The Burgundian and Austrian league The German Emperors renew the League of Austria Phillip King of Spaine renewes the Leagues of Burgundy and Milan The League of Sauoy The French league Of the Sweitzers Common-wealth in generall The Tributes The Lawes Duells Iudgements Lawer Their Warfare Particular Common-wealths 13 Cantons in three fermes The sixe Townes and Villages of the first forme Foure Townes of the second Forme Three Cities of the third forme Of the fellowes in league Of the Abbot Towne of S. Gallus Of the Grisons Of the Valesians Of the Towne of Bipenne Of the stipendiary Cities Of the Gouernements The Commonwealth of Netherlan in generall Flaunders The House of Austria The vnited Prouinces The Ciuill warre The vnited States The Prince of Orange killed England protects them The House of Nassaw The Cōmonwealth of Flanders Of the commonwealth of the vnited Prouinces protected by the Queene of England The States or chiefe Gouernors Common-wealths of particular Cities The Lawes The Wines The Gentlemen Capitall Iudgements Of their 〈◊〉 in generall Their Foote and Horse Of their 〈◊〉 power