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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	abbey_n	build_v	lincoln_n	46	3	11.7761	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A68197	The first and second volumes of Chronicles. [vol. 1] comprising 1 The description and historie of England, 2 The description and historie of Ireland, 3 The description and historie of Scotland: first collected and published by Raphaell Holinshed, William Harrison, and others: now newlie augmented and continued (with manifold matters of singular note and worthie memorie) to the yeare 1586. by Iohn Hooker aliàs Vowell Gent and others. With conuenient tables at the end of these volumes.; Chronicles of England, Scotlande, and Irelande. vol. 1	Holinshed, Raphael, d. 1580?; Stanyhurst, Richard, 1547-1618.; Fleming, Abraham, 1552?-1607.; Stow, John, 1525?-1605.; Thynne, Francis, 1545?-1608.; Hooker, John, 1526?-1601.; Harrison, William, 1534-1593.; Boece, Hector, 1465?-1536.; Giraldus, Cambrensis, 1146?-1223?	1587 (1587)	STC 13569_pt1; ESTC S122178	1,179,579	468

be a let but that when a bishop should be consecrated there might be thrée or foure present Also touching the bishops of France he willed Augustine in no wise to intermeddle with them otherwise than by exhortation and good admonition to be giuen but not to presume anie thing by authoritie sith the archbishop of Arles had receiued the pall in times past whose authoritie he might not diminish least he should séeme to put his sickle into another mans haruest But as for the bishops of Britaine he committed them vnto him that the vnlearned might be taught the weake with wholesome persuasions strengthened and the froward by authoritie reformed Moreouer that a woman with child might be baptised and she that was deliuered after 33 daies of a manchild and after 46 daies of a woman-child should be purified but yet might she enter the church before if she would The residue of Augustines demands consisted in these points to wit 1 Within what space a child should be christened after it was borne for doubt to be preuented by death 2 Within what time a man might companie with his wife after she was brought to bed 3 Whether a woman hauing hir floures might enter the church or receiue the communion 4 Whether a man hauing had companie with his wife might enter the church or receiue the communion before he was washed with water 5 Whether after pollusion by night in dreames a man might receiue the communion or if he were a priest whether he might say masse To these questions Gregorie maketh answere at full in the booke and place before cited which for bréefenesse we passe ouer He sent also at that time with the messengers aforesaid at their returne into England diuers learned men to helpe Augustine in the haruest of the Lord. The names of the chiefest were these Melitus Iustus Paulinus and Ruffinianus He sent also the pall which is the ornament of an archbishop with vessels and apparell which should be vsed in churches by the archbishop and other ministers He sent also with the pall other letters to Augustine to let him vnderstand what number of bishops he would haue him to ordeine within this land Also after that Melitus and the other before mentioned persons were departed from Rome he sent a letter vnto the same Melitus being yet on his way toward Britaine touching further matter concerning the churches of England wherein he confesseth that manie things are permitted to be vsed of the people latelie brought from the errors of gentilitie in keeping feasts on the dedication daies which haue resemblance with the old superstitious rites of the Pagan religion For to hard and obstinate minds saith he it is not possible to cut away all things at once for he that coueteth to the highest place goeth vp by steps and not by leaps At the same time Gregorie did send letters vnto Augustine touching the miracles which by report he vnderstood were shewed by the fame Augustine counselling him in no wise to glorie in the same but rather in reioising to feare and consider that God gaue him the gift to worke such signes for the wealth of them to whom he was sent to preach the gospell he aduised him therefore to beware of vaine-glorie and presumption for the disciples of the truth faith he haue no ioy but onlie that which is common with all men of which there is no end for not euerie one that is elect worketh miracles but euerie of the elect haue their names written in heauen These letters with the other which Gregorie sent at this time vnto Augustine were dated the tenth day of the kalends of Iulie in the yéere of our Lord 602 which was the 19 yeere of the emperour Mauricius Moreouer he sent most courteous letters by these messengers to king Ethelbert in the which he greatlie commended him in that he had receiued the christian faith and exhorted him to continue in that most holie state of life whereby he might worthilie looke for reward at the hands of almightie God What reparations and foundations Augustine finished for clergimen to the supportation of the church the building of Paules in London and saint Peters in Westminster vncerteine a prouinciall councell called by Augustine he restoreth a blind man to his sight the Britains are hardlie weaned from their old custome of beliefe an heremits opinion of Augustine he requireth three things to be obserued of the Britains he ordeineth bishops at London and Rochester Sabert reigneth ouer the Eastsaxons Augustine dieth and is buried The xxj Chapter THus farre we haue waded in the forme and maner of conuerting the English nation to christianitie by the labours of Augustine and his coadiutors now therefore that we may orderlie procéed it remaineth that we say somewhat of the acts and déeds of the said Augustine of whom we read that after he was established archbishop and had his sée appointed him at Canturburie he restored another church in that citie which had béene erected there in times past by certeine of the Romans that were christians and did dedicate the same now to the honour of Christ our Sauiour He also began the foundation of a monasterie without that citie standing toward the east in the which by his exhortation king Ethelbert built a church euen from the ground which was dedicated vnto the holie apostles Peter and Paule in the which the bodie of the said Augustine was buried and likewise the bodies of all the archbishops of Canturburie and kings of Kent a long time after This abbie was called saint Austins after his name one Peter being the first abbat thereof The church there was not consecrated by Augustine but by his successor Laurence after he was dead Moreouer king Ethelbert at the motion of Augustine built a church in the citie of London which he latelie had conquered and dedicated it vnto saint Paule but whether he builded or restored this church of saint Paule it may be doubted for there be diuers opinions of the building thereof Some haue written that it was first builded by king Lud as before is mentioned Other againe write that it was builded afterward by Sigebert king of the Eastsaxons Also king Ethelbert builded the church of saint Andrews in Rochester It is likewise remembred by writers that the same king Ethelbert procured a citizens of London to build a church to S. Peter without the citie of London toward the west in a place then called Thorney that is to say the I le of thorns and now called Westminster though others haue written that it was built by Lucius king of Britaine or rather by Sibert king of the Eastsaxons This church was either newlie built or greatlie inlarged by king Edward surnamed the Confessor and after that the third Henrie king of England did make there a beautifull monasterie and verie richlie indowed the same with great possessions and sumptuous iewels The place was ouergrowne with vnderwoods

at length the king gaue licence to Pauline openlie to preach the gospell and renouncing his worshipping of false gods professed the christian faith And when he demanded of his bishop Coifi who should first deface the altars of their idols and the tabernacles wherewith they were compassed about He answered that himselfe would doo it For what is more méet saith he than that I which thorough foolishnesse haue worshipped them should now for example sake destroie the same thorough wisedome giuen me from the true and liuing God And streightwaies throwing awaie the superstition of vanitie required armour and weapon of the king with a stoned horsse vpon the which he being mounted rode foorth to destroie the idols This was a strange sight to the people for it was not lawfull for the bishop of their law to put on armour or to ride on anie beast except it were a mare He hauing therefore a swoord gird to him tooke a speare in his hand and riding on the kings horsse went to the place where the idols stood The common people that beheld him had thought he had béene starke mad and out of his wits but he without longer deliberation incontinentlie vpon his comming to the temple began to deface the fame and in contempt threw his speare against it reioising greatlie in the knowledge of the worshipping of the true God commanded his companie to destroie burne downe the same temple with all the altars This place where the idols were sometime worshipped was not farre from Yorke towards the east part of the riuer of Derwent and is called Gotmundin Gaham where the foresaid bishop by the inspiration of God defaced and destroied those altars which he himselfe had hallowed King Edwin therefore with all the nobilitie and a great number of his people receiued the faith and were baptised in the yéere of our Lord 627 in the tenth yéere of his reigne and about the 178 yéere after the first comming of the Englishmen into this land He was baptised at Yorke on Easter daie which fell that yéere the day before the Ides of Aprill in the church of S. Peter the apostle which he had caused to be erected and built vp of timber vpon the sudden for that purpose and afterwards began the foundation of the same church in stone-woorke of a larger compasse comprehending within it that oratorie which he had first caused to be built but before he could finish the woorke he was slaine as after shall be shewed leauing it to be performed of his successor Oswald Pauline continued from thencefoorth during the kings life which was six yéeres after in preaching the gospell in the prouince conuerting an innumerable number of people to the faith of Christ among whom were Osfride and Eadfride the two sonnes of Edwin whom he begot in time of his banishment of his wife Quinburga the daughter of Cearlus king of Mercia Also afterwards he begot children on his second wife Ethelburga that is to say a sonne called Edilhimus and a daughter named Ediltraudis and another sonne called Bustfrea of the which the two first died in their cradels and were buried in the church at Yorke To be briefe by the kings assistance fauour shewed vnto Pauline in the woorke of the Lord great multitudes of people dailie receiued the faith and were baptised of Pouline in 〈◊〉 places but speciallie in the riuer of Gl●●te within the prouince of Bernicia and also in Swale in the prouince of Deira for as yet in the beginning 〈◊〉 of the church in those countries no temples or fonts could be builded or erected in so short a time Of such great zeale was Edwin as it is reported towards the setting foorth of Gods truth that he persuaded Carpwald the sonne of Redwald king of the Eastangles to abandon the superstitious worshipping of idols and to receiue the faith of Christ with all his whole prouince His father Redwald was baptised in Kent long before this time but in vaine for returning home through counsell of his wife and other wicked persons he was seduced and being turned from the sincere puritie of faith his last dooings were woorsse than his first so that according to the maner of the old Samaritans he would séeme both to serue the true God and his false gods whom before time he had serued and in one selfe church had at one time both the sacraments of Christ ministred at one altar and sacrifice made vnto diuels at another But Carpwald within a while after he had receiued the faith was slaine by one of his owne countrimen that was an ethnike called Richbert and then after his death that prouince for the tearme of thrée yeeres was wrapped eftsoones in errour till Sibert or Sigibert the brother of Carpwald a most christian prince and verie well learned obteined the rule of that kingdome who whilest he liued a banished man in France during his brothers life time was baptised there and became a christian and when he came to be king he caused all his prouince to be partaker of the same fountaine of life wherein he had beene dipped himselfe Unto his godlie purpose also a bishop of the parties of Burgoigne named Felix was a great furtherer who comming ouer vnto the archbishop of Canturburie Honorius that was successor vnto Iustus and declaring vnto him his earnest desire was sent by the same archbishop to preach the woord of life vnto the Eastangles which he did with such good successe that he conuerted the whole countrie to the faith of Iesus Christ and placed the sée of his bishoprike at Dunwich ending the course of his life there in peace after he had continued in that his bishoplike office the space of 17 yéeres Moreouer Pauline after that he had conuerted the Northumbers preached the woord of God vnto them of Lindsey which is a part of Lincolnshire and first he persuaded one Blecca the gouernour of the citie of Lincolne to turne vnto Christ togither with all his familie In that citie he also builded a church of stone woorke Thus Pauline trauelled in the woorke of the Lord the same being greatlie furthered by the helpe of Edwin in whose presence he baptised a great number of people in the riuer of Trent néere to a towne which in the old English toong was called Tio vulfingacester This Pauline had with him a deacon named Iames the which shewed himselfe verie diligent in the ministerie map profited greatlie therein But now to returne to king Edwin who was a prince verelie or woorthie same and for the politike ordering of his countries and obseruing of iustice deserued highlie to be commended for in his time all robbers by the high waie were so banished out of his dominions that a woman with hir new borne child alone without other companie might haue trauelled from sea to sea and not haue incountred with ●●ie creature that durst once haue offered hir iniurie He was also verie carefull

créeke I passe it ouer and come streight to another water descending from Burge by Skegnes From hence I go to the issue of a faire brooke which as I heare dooth rise at Tetford and thence goeth by Somerbie Bagenderbie Ashwardbie Sawsthorpe Partneie Ashbie the Stepings Thorpe croft and so into the sea As for Wainflete water it commeth from the east sea and goeth betwéene S. Maries Alhallowes by Wainflete towne and treading the path of his predecessors emptieth his chanell to the maintenance of the sea Now come I to the course of the Witham a famous riuer whereof goeth the beword frequented of old and also of Ancolme which I before described Ancolme ele and Witham pike Search all England and find not the like Leland calleth it Lindis diuerse the Rhe and I haue read all these names my selfe and thereto that the Lincolneshire men were called in old time Coritani and their head citie Lindus Lindon or Linodunum in which region also Ptolomie placeth Rage which some take to be Notingham except my memorie doo faile me It riseth among the Wickhams in the edge of Lincolnshire and as I take it in south-Wickham paroch from whence it goeth to Co●sterworth Easton Kirkestoke Paunton and Paunton Houghton and at Grantham taketh in a rill from by southwest as I heare From Grantham it runneth to Man Thorpe Bolton and Barneston where crossing a becke from northeast it procéedeth further southwest ward by Mereston toward Faston there also taking in a brooke that riseth about Denton and goeth by Sidbrooke it hasteth to Dodington Clapale Barmebie Beckingham Stapleford Bassingham Thursbie and beneath Amburgh crosseth a water that commeth from Stogilthorpe by Somerton castell After this confluence also our Witham goeth still foorth on his waie to the Hickhams Boltham Bracebridge and Lincolne it selfe for which the Normans write Nicholl by transposition of the letters or as I may better saie corruption of the word But yer it come there it maketh certeine pooles whereof one is called Swan poole and soone after diuiding it selfe into armes they run both thorough the lower part of Lincolne each of them hauing a bridge of stone ouer it thereby to passe through the principall stréet and as the bigger arme is well able to beare their fisher botes so the lesser is not without his seuerall commodities At Lincolne also this noble riuer méeteth with the Fosse dike whereby in great floods vessels may come from the Trents side to Lincolne For betweene Torkseie where it beginneth and Lincolne citie where it endeth are not aboue seuen miles as Leland hath remembred Bishop Atwater began to clense this ditch thinking to bring great vessels from Trent to Lincolne in his time but sith he died before it was performed there hath no man beene since so well minded as to prosecute his purpose The course moreouer of this our streame following from Lincolne to Boston is fiftie miles by water but if you mind to ferrie you shall haue but 24. For there are foure common places where men are ferried ouer as Short ferrie fiue miles from Lincolne Tatersall ferrie eight miles from Short ferrie Dogdike ferrie a mile Langreth ferrie fiue miles and so manie finallie to Boston But to go forward with the course of Lindis whereof the whole prouince hath béene called Lindeseie when it is past Linclone it goeth by Shepewash Wassingburg Fiskerton and soone after taketh in sundrie riuers in one chanell whereby his greatnesse is verie much increased From this confluence it goeth to Bardolfe and there receiuing a rill descending from betwee●e Sotbie and Randbie and going by Harton it slideth foorth by Tupham to Tatersall castell taking vp there in like sort thrée small rills by the waie whereof I haue small notice as yet and therefore I referre them vnto a further consideration to be had of them hereafter if it shall please God that I may liue to haue the filling of these rude pamphlets yet once againe somewhat more leasure to peruse them than at this time is granted Finallie being past Tatersall and Dogdike ferrie the Witham goeth toward Boston thence into the sea Thus haue I briestie dispatched this noble riuer Witham But hauing another note deliuered me thereof from a fréend I will yéeld so farre vnto his gratification that I will remember his trauell here and set downe also what he hath written thereof although the riuer be sufficientlie described alredie Into Witham therefore from by north and seuen miles beneath Lincolne there falleth a faire water the head whereof is at Hakethorne from whence it goeth by Hanworth Snarford Resbie Stainton and at Bullington méeteth with a water on ech side whereof one commeth from Haiton and Turxington the other from Sudbrooke and likewise beneath Birlings with the third comming from Barkeworth by Stansted and ioining all in one soone after it is not long yer it fall into the chanell of Witham and so are neuer more heard of There is also a brooke by southwest that commeth from Kirbie to Cateleie Biltingams and the Ferrie At Taterfall it méeteth with the Bane which riseth aboue Burgh and néere vnto Ludford goeth downe to Dunnington Stanigod Hemmingsbie Bamburgh Fillington Horne castell where it crosseth a rill from Belchworth Thornton Marton Halton Kirkebie Comsbie Tatersall and so to Dogdike ferrie Aboue Boston likewise it taketh in a water comming from Lusebie by Bolingbrooke Stickeford Stickneie Sibbeseie and Hildrike And to Boston towne it selfe doo finallie come sundrie brookes in one chanell called Hammond becke which rising at Donesbie runneth on to Wrightbold where it casteth one arme into Holiwell water Thence it hasteth toward Dunnington receiuing foure brookes by the waie whereof the first commeth from Milshorpe the second from Fokingham called Bollingborow or after some I wote not vpon what occasion Sempringham water the third from Bridge end the fourth from Sempringham and afterwards the maine streame is found to run by Kirton holme and so into the Witham Into the Wiland likewise falleth the Holiwell which riseth of a spring that runneth toward the east from Haliwell to Onebie Esonden Gretford and so to Catbridge where it receiueth another rising at Witham and west of Manthorpe and the second comming from Laund and so run from thence togither to Willesthorpe and Catbridge and then into the Haliwell which after these confluences goeth to Tetford and Eastcote where it meeteth with a draine comming from Bourne and so through the sennes to Pinchbecke Surfleet and Fosdike where it méeteth with the Welland in the mouth of the Wash as I haue noted vnto you Hauing thus set foorth the riuers that fall into the Witham now come we to the Wiland or Welland wherevnto we repaire after we be past Boston as drawing by litle and litle toward the Girwies which inhabit in the fennes for Gir in the old Saxon speach dooth signifie déepe fennes and marishes and these beginning at Peterborow eastward extend themselues by the

Prurie 2 The borough of Tregonie 2 The borough of Trebenna aliàs Bossinnie 2 The borough of S. Ies. 2 The borough of Fowaie 2 The borough of Germine 2 The borough of Michell 2 The borough of saint Maries 2 Cumberland Knights 2 The citie of Caerleill 2 Cambridge Knights 2 The borough of Cambridge 2 Chester Knights 2 The citie of Chester 2 Darbie Knights 2 The borough of Darbie 2 Deuon Knights 2 The citie of Excester 2 The borough of Totnes 2 The borough of Plimmouth 2 The borough of Bardnestable 2 The borough of Plimton 2 The borough of Tauestocke 2 The borough of Dartmouth Clifton and Herdines 2 Dorsetshire Knights 2 The borough of Poole 2 The borough of Dorchester 2 The borough of Linne 2 The borough of Melcombe 2 The borough of Waiemouth 2 The borough of Bureport 2 The borough of Shaftesburie 2 The borough of Warham 2 Essex Knights 2 The borough of Colchester 2 The borough of Malden 2 Yorkeshire Knights 2 The citie of Yorke 2 The borough of Kingston vpon Hull 2 The borough of Knaresborough 2 The borough of Skardborough 2 The borough of Rippon 2 The borough of Hudon 2 The borough of Boroughbridge 2 The borough of Thuske 2 The borough of Aldebrough 2 The borough of Beuerleie 2 Glocestershire Knights 2 The citie of Glocester 2 The borough of Cirencester 2 Huntingtonshire Knights 2 The borough of Huntingdon 2 Hertfordshire Knights 2 The borough of saint Albons 2 Herefordshire Knights 2 The citie of Hereford 2 The borough of Lempster 2 Kent Knights 2 The citie of Canturburie 2 The citie of Rochester 2 The borough of Maidstone 2 The borough of Quinborough 2 Lincolne Knights 2 The citie of Lincolne 2 The borough of Bostone 2 The borough of great Grinesbie 2 The borough of Stamford 2 The borough of Grantham 2 Leicestershire Knights 2 The borough of Leicester 2 Lancastershire Knights 2 The borough of Lancaster 2 The borough of Preston in Andernes 2 The borough of Liuerpoole 2 The borough of Newton 2 The borough of Wigan 2 The borough of Clithero 2 Middlesex Knights 2 The citie of London 4 The citie of Westminster 2 Monmouth Knights 2 The borough of Monmouth 1 Northhampton Knights 2 The citie of Peterborough 2 The borough of Northhampton 2 The borough of Barkleie 2 The borough of Higham Ferres 1 Notingham Knights 2 The borough of Notingham 2 The borough of Estreatford 2 Norffolke Knights 2 The citie of Norwich 2 The borough of Linne 2 The borough of great Iernemouth 2 The borough of Thetford 2 The borough of castell Rising 2 Northumberland Knights 2 The borough of New castell vpon Tine 2 The borough of Morpeth 2 The borough of Barwike 2 Oxford Knights 2 The citie of Oxford 2 The borough of Bamburie 2 The borough of Woodstocke 2 Rutland Knights 2 Surrerie Knights 2 The borough of Southwarke 2 The borough of Blechingleigh 2 The borough of Rigate 2 The borough of Guildford 2 The borough of Gatton 2 Stafford Knights 2 The citie of Lichfield 2 The borough of Stratford 2 The borough of New castell vnder Linne 2 The borough of Tamworth 2 Salop. Knights 2 The borough of Salop. 2 The borough of Bruges aliàs Bridgenorth 2 The borough of Ludlow 2 The borough of Wenlocke 2 Southhampton Knights 2 The citie of Winton 2 The borough of Southhampton 2 The borough of Portesmouth 2 The borough of Peterfield 2 The borough of Stockebridge 2 The borough of Christ church 2 Suffolke Knights 2 The borough of Ippeswich 2 The borough of Dunwich 2 The borough of Ortford 2 The borough of Aldeborough 2 The borough of Sudburie 2 The borough of Eya 2 Summerset Knights 2 The citie of Bristow 2 The citie of Bath 2 The citie of Welles 2 The borough of Taunton 2 The borough of Bridgewater 2 The borough of Minched 2 Sussex Knights 2 The citie of Chichester 2 The borough of Horsham 2 The borough of Midhurst 2 The borough of Lewes 2 The borough of Shorham 2 The borough of Brember 2 The borough of Stening 2 The borough of Eastgrenesteed 2 The borough of Arundell 2 Westmerland Knights 2 The borough of Appulbie 2 Wilton Knights 2 The citie of New Sarum 2 The borough of Wilton 2 The borough of Dounton 2 The borough of Hindon 2 The borough of Heitesburie 2 The borough of Westburie 2 The borough of Caine. 2 The borough of Deuises 2 The borough of Chipenham 2 The borough of Malmesburie 2 The borough of Cricklade 2 The borough of Budwin 2 The borough of Ludgesale 2 The borough of Old Sarum 2 The borough of Wotton Basset 2 The borough of Marleborough 2 Worcester Knights 2 The citie of Worcester 2 The borough of Withée 2 Warwike Knights 2 The citie of Couentrie 2 The borough of Warwike 2 Barons of the ports Hastings 2 Winchelseie 2 Rie 2 Rumneie 2 Hithe 2 Douer 2 Sandwich 2 Mountgomerie Knights 1 The borough of Mountgomerie 1 Flint Knights 1 The borough of Flint 1 Denbigh Knights 1 The borough of Denbigh 1 Merionneth Knights 1 The borough of Hauerfordwest 1 Carneruan Knights 1 The borough of Carneru●●e 1 Angleseie Knights 1 The borough of Beaumares 1 Carmarden Knights 1 The borough of new Carmarden 1 Pembroke Knights 1 The borough of Pembroke 1 Cairdigan Knights 1 The borough of Cairdigan 1 Brecknoch Knights 1 The borough of Brecknoch 1 Radnor Knights 1 The borough of Radnor 1 Glamorgan Knights 1 The borough of Cardiffe 1 ¶ The summe of the foresaid number of the common house videlicet of Knights 90. Citizens 46. Burgesses 289. Barons 14. 439. Of the lawes of England since hir first inhabitation Chap. 9. THat Samothes or Dis gaue the first lawes to the Celtes whose kingdome he erected about the fiftéenth of Nimbrote the testimonie of Berosus is proofe sufficient For he not onelie affirmeth him to publish the same in the fourth of Ninus but also addeth thereto how there liued none in his daies of more excellent wisdome nor politike inuention than he whereof he was named Samothes as some other do affirme What his lawes were it is now altogither vnknowne as most things of this age but that they were altered againe at the comming of Albion no man can absolutelie denie sith new lords vse commonlie to giue new lawes and conquerors abolish such as were in vse before them The like also may be affirmed of our Brute notwithstanding that the certeine knowledge so well of the one as of the other is perished and nothing worthie memorie left of all their dooings Somewhat yet we haue of Mulmutius who not onelie subdued such princes as reigned in this land but also brought the realme to good order that long before had béene torne with ciuill discord But where his lawes are to be found and which they be from other mens no man liuing in these daies is able to determine Certes there was neuer prince in Britaine of whome his subiects conceiued

they happened oftentimes vpon Lempet shels péeces of rustie anchors and kéeles of great vessels wherevpon some by and by gathered that either the Thames or some arme of the sea did beat vpon that towne not vnderstanding that these things might aswell happen in great lakes and meres wherof there was one adioining to the north side of the citie which laie then as some men thinke vnwalled but that also is false For being there vpon occasion this summer passed I saw some remnant of the old wals standing in that place which appeared to haue béene verie substantiallie builded the ruines likewise of a greater part of them are to be séene running along by the old chappell hard by in maner of a banke Whereby it is euident that the new towne standeth cleane without the limits of the old and that the bridge whereof the historie of S. Albane speaketh was at the nether end 〈◊〉 Halliwell stréet or there about for so the view of the place doth inforce me to coniecture This mere which the Latine copie of the description of Britaine written of late by Humfrey Lhoid our countrie man calleth corruptlie Stagnum enaximum for Stagnum maximum at the first belonged to the king and thereby Offa in his time did reape no small commoditie It continued also vntill the time of Alfrijc the seuenth abbat of that house who bought it outright of the king then liuing and by excessiue charges drained it so narrowlie that within a while he left it drie sauing that he reserued a chanell for the riuer to haue hir vsuall course which he held vp with high bankes bicause there was alwaies contention betwéene the moonks and the kings seruants which fished on that water vnto the kings behoofe In these daies therefore remaineth no maner mention of this poole but onelie in one stréet which yet is called Fishpoole stréet wherof this may suffice for the resolution of such men as séeke rather to yéeld to an inconuenience than that their Gildas should seeme to mistake this riuer Hauing thus digressed to giue some remembrance of the old estate of Verolamium it is now time to returne againe vnto my former purpose Certes I would gladlie set downe with the names and number of the cities all the townes and villages in England and Wales with their true longitudes and latitudes but as yet I cannot come by them in such order as I would howbeit the tale of our cities is soone found by the bishoprikes sith euerie sée hath such prerogatiue giuen vnto it as to beare the name of a citie to vse Regaleius within hir owne limits Which priuilege also is granted to sundrie ancient townes in England especiallie northward where more plentie of them is to be found by a great deale than in the south The names therefore of our cities are these London Yorke Canturburie Winchester Cairleill Durham Elie. Norwich Lincolne Worcester Glocester Hereford Salisburie Excester Bath Lichfield Bristow Rochester Chester Chichester Oxford Peterborow Landaffe S. Dauids Bangor S. Asaph Whose particular plots and models with their descriptions shall insue if it may be brought to passe that the cutters can make dispatch of them before this chronologie be published Of townes and villages likewise thus much will I saie that there were greater store in old time I meane within three or foure hundred yeare passed than at this present And this I note out of diuerse records charters and donations made in times past vnto sundrie religious houses as Glassenburie Abbandon Ramseie Elie and such like and whereof in these daies I find not so much as the ruines Leland in sundrie places complaineth likewise of the decaie of parishes in great cities and townes missing in some six or eight or twelue churches and more of all which he giueth particular notice For albeit that the Saxons builded manie townes and villages and the Normans well more at their first comming yet since the first two hundred yeares after the latter conquest they haue gone so fast againe to decaie that the ancient number of them is verie much abated Ranulph the moonke of Chester telleth of generall surueie made in the fourth sixtéenth nineteenth of the reigne of William Conqueror surnamed the Bastard wherein it was found that notwithstanding the Danes had ouerthrow●e a great manie there were to the number of 52000 townes 45002 parish churches and 75000 knights fées whereof the cleargie held 28015. He addeth moreouer that there were diuerse other builded since that time within the space of an hundred yeares after the comming of the Bastard as it were in lieu or recompense of those that William Rufus pulled downe for the erection of his new forrest For by an old booke which I haue and sometime written as it seemeth by an vndershiriffe of Nottingham I find euen in the time of Edw. 4. 45120 parish churches and but 60216 knights fées whereof the cleargie held as before 28015 or at the least 28000 for so small is the difference which he dooth séeme to vse Howbeit if the assertions of such as write in our time concerning this matter either are or ought to be of anie credit in this behalfe you shall not find aboue 17000 townes and villages and 9210 in the whole which is little more than a fourth part of the aforesaid number if it be throughlie scanned Certes this misfortune hath not onelie happened vnto our Ile nation but vnto most of the famous countries of the world heretofore and all by the gréedie desire of such as would liue alone and onelie to themselues And hereof we may take example in Candie of old time called Creta which as Homer writeth was called Hetacompolis bicause it conteined an hundred cities but now it is so vnfurnished that it may hardlie be called Tripolis Diodorus Siculus saith that Aegypt had once 18000 cities which so decaied in processe of time that when Ptolomeus Lagus reigned there were not aboue 3000 but in our daies both in all Asia Aegypt this lesser number shall not verie readilie he found In time past in Lincolne as the fame goeth there haue beene two and fiftie parish churches and good record appeareth for eight and thirtie but now if there be foure and twentie it is all This inconuenience hath growen altogither to the church by appropriations made vnto monasteries and religious houses a terrible canker and enimie to religion But to leaue this lamentable discourse of so notable and gréeuous an inconuenience growing as I said by incroching and ioining of house to house and laieng land to land whereby the inhabitants of manie places of our countrie are deuoured and eaten vp and their houses either altogither pulled downe or suffered to decaie by litle and litle although sometime a poore man peraduenture dooth dwell in one of them who not being able to repare it suffereth it to fall downe thereto thinketh himselfe verie friendlie dealt withall if he may haue an acre of ground assigned vnto him whereon to kéepe

Britaine and to paie him a yéerelie tribute These couenants being agréed vpon and hostages taken for assurance he was set at libertie and so returned into his countrie The tribute that he couenanted to paie was a thousand pounds as the English chronicle saith When Beline had thus expelled his brother and was alone possessed of all the land of Britaine he first confirmed the lawes made by his father and for so much as the foure waies begun by his father were not brought to perfection he therefore caused workmen to be called foorth and assembled whom he set in hand to paue the said waies with stone for the better passage and ease of all that should trauell through the countries from place to place as occasion should require The first of these foure waies is named Fosse and stretcheth from the south into the north beginning at the corner of Totnesse in Cornewall and so passing foorth by Deuonshire and Somersetshire by Tutherie on Cotteswold and then forward beside Couentrie vnto Leicester and from thence by wild plaines towards Newarke and endeth at the citie of Lincolne The second waie was named Watling stréete the which stretcheth ouerthwart the Fosse out of the southeast into the northeast beginning at Douer and passing by the middle of Kent ouer Thames beside London by-west of Westminster as some haue thought and so foorth by S. Albons and by the west side of Dunstable Stratford Toucester and Wedon by-south of Lilleborne by Atherston Gilberts hill that now is called the Wreken and so foorth by Seuerne passing beside Worcester vnto Stratton to the middle of Wales and so vnto a place called Cardigan at the Irish sea The third way was named Ermingstréet which stretched out of the west northwest vnto the east southeast and beginneth at Meneuia the which is in Saint Dauids land in west Wales and so vnto Southampton The fourth and last waie hight Hiknelstréete which leadeth by Worcester Winchcombe Birmingham Lichfield Darbie Chesterfield and by Yorke and so foorth vnto Tinmouth After he had caused these waies to be well and sufficientlie raised and made he confirmed vnto them all such priuileges as were granted by his father Brennus marrieth with the duke of Alobrogs daughter groweth into great honour commeth into Britaine with an armie against his brother Beline their mother reconcileth them they ioine might munition and haue great conquests conflicts betweene the Galles and the Romans the two brethren take Rome The third Chapter IN the meane time that Beline was thus occupied about the necessarie affaires of his realme and kingdome his brother Brenne that was fled into Gallia onelie with 12. persons bicause he was a goodlie gentleman and séemed to vnderstand what apperteined to honour grew shortlie into fauour with Seginus the duke afore mentioned and declaring vnto him his aduersitie and the whole circumstance of his mishap at length was so highlie cherished of the said Seginus deliting in such worthie qualities as he saw in him dailie appearing that he gaue to him his daughter in mariage with condition that if he died without issue male then should he inherit his estate duke dome and if it happened him to leaue anie heire male behind him then should he yet helpe him to recouer his land and dominion in Britaine béerest from him by his brother These conditions well and surelie vpon the dukes part by the assent of the nobles of his land concluded ratified and assured the said duke within the space of one yéere after died And then after a certeine time being knowne that the duches was not with child all the lords of that countrie did homage to Brenne receiuing him as their lord and supreme gouernour vpon whome he likewise for his part in recompense of their curtesie bestowed a great portion of his treasure Shortlie after also with their assent he gathered an armie and with the same eftsoones came ouer into Britaine to make new warre vpon his brother Beline Of whose landing when Beline was informed he assembled his people and made himselfe readie to méete him but as they were at point to haue ioined battell by the intercession of their mother that came betwixt them and demeaned hirselfe in all motherlie order and most louing maner towards them both they fell to an agréement and were made friends or euer they parted asunder After this they repaired to London and there taking aduice togither with their peeres and councellors for the good order and quieting of the land at length they accorded to passe with both their armies into Gallia to subdue that whole countrie and so following this determination they tooke shipping and sailed ouer into Gallia where beginning the warre with fire and sword they wrought such maisteries that within a short time as saith Geffrey of Monmouth they conquered a great part of Gallia Italie and Germanie and brought it to their subiection In the end they tooke Rome by this occasion as writers report if these be the same that had the leading of those Galles which in this season did so much hurt in Italie and other parts of the world After they had passed the mountains were entred into Tuscan they besieged the citie of Clusium the citizens whereof being in great danger sent to Rome for aid against their enimies Wherevpon the Romanes considering with themselues that although they were not in anie league of societie with the Clusians yet if they were ouercome the danger of the next brunt were like to be theirs with all spéed they sent ambassadours to intreat betwixt the parties for some peace to be had They ●hat were sent required the capteines of the Galles in the name of the senat and citizens of Rome not to molest the friends of the Romans Wherevnto answere was made by Brennus that for his part he could be content to haue peace if it were so that the Clusians would be agréeable that the Galles might haue part of the countrie which they held being more than they did alreadie well occupie for otherwise said he there could be no peace granted The Romane ambassadours being offended with these wordes demanded what the Galles had to doo in Tuscan by reason of which and other the like ouerthwart wordes the parties began to kindle in displeasure so farre that their communication brake off and so they from treating fell againe to trie the matter by dint of sword The Romane ambassadours also to shew of what prowesse the Romans were contrarie to the law of nations forbidding such as came in ambassage about anie treatie of peace to take either one part or other tooke weapon in hand and ioined themselues with the Clusians wherewith the Galles were so much displeased that incontinentlie with one voice they required to haue the siege raised from Clusium that they might go to Rome But Brennus thought good first to send messengers thither to require the deliuerie

Wolstan archbishop of Yorke that liued in his daies for whose sake he greatlie inriched that bishoprike His fame spread ouer all the parties of Europe so that sundrie princes thought themselues happie if they might haue his friendship either by affinitie or otherwise by meanes whereof he bestowed his sisters so highlie in mariage as before ye haue heard He receiued manie noble and rich presents from diuers princes as from Hugh king of France horsses and sundrie rich iewels with certeine relikes as Constantines sword in the hilt whereof was set one of the nailes wherewith Christ was fastened to the crosse the speare of Charles the great which was thought to be the same where with the side of our sauiour was pearced the banner of saint Maurice with a part of the holie crosse andaffinitie or otherwise by meanes whereof he bestowed likewise a part of the thorned crowne yet Mandeuile saw the one halfe of this crowne in France and the other at Constantinople almost 400 yeares after this time as he writeth Of these iewels king Adelstane gaue part to the abbie of saint Swithon at Winchester and part to the abbie of Malmesburie Moreouer the king of Norwaie sent vnto him a goodlie ship of fine woorkmanship with gilt sterne and purple sailes furnished round about the decke within with a rowe of gilt pauises ¶ In the daies of this Adelstane reigned that right worthie Guy earle of Warwike who as some writers haue recorded fought with a mightie giant of the Danes in a singular combat and vanquished him Edmund succeedeth Adelstane in the kingdome the Danes of Northumberland rebell against him a peace concluded betwene Aulafe their king and king Edmund vpon conditions Aulafe dieth another of that name succeedethwithin with a rowe of gilt pauises ¶ In the daies him king Edmund subdueth the Danes aud compelleth them to receiue the christian faith Reinold and Aulafe are baptised they violate their fealtie vowed to king Edmund they are put to perpetuall exile why king Edmund wasted all Northumberland caused the eies of king Dunmails sonnes to be put out and assigned the said countrie to Malcolme king of Scots the Scotish chroniclers error in peruerting the time order of the English kings king Edmunds lawes by what misfortune he came to his end how his death was foreshewed to Dunstane in a vision a tale of the vertue of the crosse Dunstane reproueth duke Elstane his dreame and how the interpretation thereof came to passe The xxj Chapter AFter that Adelstane was departed this life without leauing issue behind to succéed him in the kingdome his brother Edmund sonnedeath was foreshewed to Dunstane in a vision a tale of Edward the elder borne of his last wife Edgiue tooke vpon him the gouernement of this land and began his reigne in the yeare of our Lord 940 which was in the fift yeare of the emperor Otho the 1 in the 13 of Lewes surnamed Transmarinus king of France and about the 38 yeare of Constantine the third king of Scotland The Danes of Northumberland rebelled against this Edmund and ordeined Aulafe to be their king whom they haddeath was foreshewed to Dunstane in a vision a tale called out of Ireland Some write that this Aulafe which now in the beginning of Edmunds reigne came into Northumberland was king of Norwaie hauing a great power of men with him marched foorth towards the south parts of this land in pupose to subdue the whole but king Edmund raised a mightie armie and incountred with his enimies at Leicester Howbeit yer the matter came to the vttermost triall of battell through the ear●est sute of the archbishop of Canturburie and Yorke Odo and Wolstan a peace was concluded so as Edmund should inioy all that part of the land which lieth from Watling stréet southward Aulafe should inioy the other part as it lieth from the same street northward Then Aulafe tooke to wife the 〈◊〉 Alditha daughter to earle Ormus by who●e counsell and assistance he had thus obteined the vpper hand But this Aulafe in the yeere following after he had destroied the church of saint Balter and burned Tinningham departed this life Then the other Aulafeof the archbishop of Canturburie and Yorke Odo that was sonne to king Sithrike tooke vpon him to gouerne the Northumbers After this in the yeare 942 king Edmund assembling an armie first subdued those Danes which had got into their possession the cities and towns of Lincolne Leicester Darhie Stafford and Notingham constreining them to receiue the christian faith and reduced all the countries euen vnto Humber vnder his subiection This doone Aulafe and Reinold the sonne of Garmo who as you haue heard subdued Yorke as a meane the sooner to obteine peace offered to become christians to submit themselues vnto him wherevpon he receiued them to his peace There be that write that this Aulafe is not that Aulafe which was sonne to king Sithrike but rather that the other was he with whom king Edmund made partition of the realme but they agree that this second Aulafe was a Dane also being conuerted to the faith as well throughvnder his subiection This doone Aulafe and constraint of the kings puissance as through the preaching of the gospell was baptised king Edmund being godfather both vnto him and vnto the foresaid Reinold to Aulafe at the verie fontstone and to Reinold at his confirmation at the bishops hands Neuerthelesse their wicked natures could not rest in quiet so that they brake both promise to God and to their prince and were therefore in the yeare next following driuen both out of the countrie and punished by perpetuall exile And so king Edmund adioined Northumberland without admitting anie other immediat gouernor vnto his owne estate Moreouer he wasted and spoiled whole Cumberland because he could not reduce the people of that countrie vnto due obeisance and conformable subiection The two sonnes of Dunmaile king of that prouince he apprehended and caused their eies to be put out Herewith vpon consideration either of such aid as he had receiued of the Scots at that time or some other friendlie respect he assigned the said countrie of Cumberland vnto Malcolme king of Scots to hold the same by fealtie of him and his successors The Scotish chronicles peruerting the time and order of the acts and doings of the English kings which reigned about this season affirme that by couenants of peace concluded betwixt Malcolme king of Scotland and Adelstan king of England it was agréed that Cumberland should remaine to the Scots as in their chronicles you may find atsuch aid as he had receiued of the Scots at that full expressed And againe that Indulfe who succéeded Malcolme in the kingdome of Scotland aided king Edmund against Aulafe whom the same chronicles name Aualassus but the time which they attribute vnto the reignes of their kings will not alow the same to stand