as their only means to come to the Dignity of Elector or Prince of the Empire but the Canons before they are received must give as good proofs of their Noble Birth both by Father and Mother as is required of the Knights of Maltha The Elector of Triers is great Chancellor of the Empire in the Gauls and in the Kingdom of Arles but does not exercise the Function of this Charge because these Places are not under the German Empire but has precedency of the Elector of Cologne and possesses several other advantages Votes before all the other Electors in the Dyets and Assemblies of the Electors in which he has his particular seat over against the Emperor between the two Banks of the other Electors The King of France is Master of several Towns and Castles in this Archbishoprick all along the Moselle which makes it his interest to defend him as Metropolitan of the Bishopricks of Metz Toul and Verdun whereof he is Sovereign but allows the Archbishop the Ecclesiastick Priviledges and Revenues which in times of Peace amount to 1100000 Livres per Annum This Archbishoprick has 24 Bailywicks The Principal Cities and Places in this Electorate are Treves or Triers Arch. Cap. Coblentz Hermanstein Sarbrugh Grimberg Bopart Pruim Abbey Vlmen Oberwesel I. Treves Treves or Triers Lat. Augusta Trevirorum is a very ancient City seated on the Moselle with an Archbishops See and Electorate of the Empire It was ruined four or five times by the Huns Vandals Goths and French but always recovered with greater lustre which gave the Emperors that staid any time in the Gauls occasion to make it their ordinary Residence and adorn it with a Cirque and Capitol The Archbishop of Treves in that quality is Prince of the Empire and Temporal Lord of his Estates and was formerly Metropolitan of the Bishopricks of Mayence Cologne Liege Vtrecht Strasburg Worms and Spire all which are now separated from his Archbishoprick so that he has but three Suffragants viz. Metz Toul and Verdun which are all under the King of France They pretend they have our Saviours Tunick at Treves and that lest it should be stoln away they conceal the place it 's hidden in tho' its like this care is taken the better to keep the cheat undiscovered Several Synods have been held here the Chief whereof was that in 386. upon the subject of the Priscillianists by order of the Tyrant Maximus This City has 4 Collegiate Churches 5 Parishes 2 Abbeys and several Religious Houses It was put into the Hands of the French in 1632. to preserve it as was pretended from the Swedes They kept it till 1645. Mareschal Crequi was defeated near Treves at the Bridge of Consarbick upon Sarr August 11. 1675. and afterwards retired to this Place which was immediately besieged by the Germans who forced the Garrison to surrender upon very dishonourable Terms The French are Masters of it again since 1688. I stands 28 Miles N. E. of Luxemburg and 60 W. of Mentz Long. 26 d. Lat. 49 d. 50 m. II. Coblentz Coblentz is a very strong and populous City upon the Confluent or meeting of the Moselle and Rhine for which reason it is called in Latin Confluentes or Confluentia It is a pretty place with fine Churches and stately Houses along the River The Elector of Treves has a Palace here where he makes his ordinary Residence It stands fifty two Miles N. E. of Trier and 42 from Cologne to the South East Gaspar a Petra much improved its Fortifications by drawing a Line from one River to the other with Fortifications after the most regular modern way On the other side the Rhine is the strong Fortress of Ebrenbeistein commmonly called Hermanstein This Castle is situated upon a Rock has communication with the Town of Coblentz by a Bridge of Boats over the Rhine There is another good Stone Bridge over the Moselle Coblentz is the most considerable Place that belongs now to the Archbishop of Treves III. Hermanstein Hermanstein or Erenbreitstein Lat. Eremberti Lapis is one of the strongest Cittadels of Germany on the Rhine over against Coblentz and the Mouth of the River Moselle in the Archbishop of Triers's Dominions It is situated on a steep inaccessible Rock and in the Siege of 1637. it could not be taken but by Famine It has a stately Palace belonging to the said Elector under it eight Leagues from Mentz and 10 from Cologne Westward IV. Sarbrugh Sarbrugh or Sarbruken Lat. Saraepons or Saraeburgum is on the River Sar overagainst St. Jean on the Borders of Lorrain formerly an Imperial Town but exempted by the Emperor Rodolphus I. and belonging to the Electorate of Treves It is a fine Town very ancient and mentioned in the Itinerary of Antonine but falling under the Duke of Lorrain is now in the Hands of the French It gives Title to a Prince of the House of Nassau and has a Castle which was his usual Residence It stands 12 Miles W. of Deux Ponts and 40 E. of Metz. V. Grimberg Grimberg is a small Town about 15 Miles S. W. of Triers subject to this Elector VI. Boppart Boppart Lat. Bopartium and Bodobriga is a small Town upon the Rhine at the foot of a Hill anciently Imperial now subject to the Elector of Treves It stands eight Miles S. of Coblentz VII Pruim Pruim or Prume is a little Town and Abbey of Benedectine Monks in the Forest of Ardenne between the Electorate of Trier and Luxemburg It is an Ecclesiastical Principality of the Empire whereof the Abbot was formerly Lord but since 1576. the Elector of Trier has it and it was confirmed to him by the Dyet of Ratisbonne in 1654. It stands on a little River of the same name 27 Miles N. E. of Triers VIII Ulmen Vlmen is a small Town 27 Miles W. of Coblentz IX Ober-Wesel Ober-Wesel Lat. Ficelia or Vesalia is a Town upon the Rhine Imperial and Free until in 1312. it fell into the Hands of the Elector of Triers It is memorable for St. Werner's Death slain here by the Jews in 1287. The Mother of Alexander the Roman Emperor is also said to have been assassinated here This Place stands 20 Miles South of Coblentz Article V. The Archbishoprick and Electorate of Cologne or Ceulen THE Electorate of Cologne borders the Dukedom of Juliers on the North and West Bounds The Electorate of Triers on the South and Hesse and part of Westphalia on the East It s Extent Extent cannot easily be determined because it is strangely intermixed with other Provinces The Archbishop is great Chancellor of the Empire in Italy History but never exercises the Function of his Office For Princes that hold any Principalities of the Empire are its perpetual Vicars in which quality they can do in all places in their Jurisdictions what the Emperor could do in common cases and in higher points have recourse to the Imperial Court Wherefore the Archbishop of Metz who is great Chancellor of Germany is
acknowledged Philip II. of Spain but the Archbishop made such Complaints and shewed such Reasons that the King was satisfied with being Master of the Cittadel and Protector of the Country and left all other Jurisdiction to that Prelate The Spaniards Fortified this Town very well and kept such a strong Garison in it that it was look'd upon to be impregnable Yet the King of France took it in 1677. The great Cittadel is upon a heighth which commands all the Town the Ditch is wrought in a Rock The Ramparts of the Town are also Environed with deep Ditches chiefly to the East defended with many good Bastions It reaches to the River and has another good Fort to defend it of that side which lying low may be soon drowned by drawing the Sluces The Chapter of this City is one of the most considerable of the Low Countries consisting of 48 Canons and 95 Ecclesiasticks which Officiate in our Lady's Church It 's affirmed that Diogenes a Grecian by Nation was the first Prelate of Cambray sent into France by Pope Siricius about 408. Pope Paul IV. made it an Archbishoprick in 1559. upon the Request of King Philip of Spain and the Bishopricks of Arras Tournay St. Omer and Namur were given for Suffragants The Archbishops take the Title of Dukes of Cambray Counts of Cambresis and Princes of the Empire The Streets of this Town are wide and very neat and the chiefest and richest end in a great Place where the Town-house is Built and has a very curious Clock There are also very good Manufactures as Cambray and especially of many sorts of Linnen that bear the Name of the City It stands 34 Miles S. W. of Mons 40 N. E. of Amiens and 94 almost N. of Paris Long. 22 d. 24 m. Lat. 50 d. 51 m. II. Crevecoeur Crevocoeur is a place of no great Moment on the River Scheld nigh Four Miles S. of Cambray III. Chateau-Cambresis Chateau-Cambresis is another inconsiderable Town of Cambresis on the River Selle 15 Miles S. E. of Cambray Article II. Of the County of Artois Lat. Artesia ARtois borders Picardy on the South The Boulonnois on the West Bounds The County of Flanders on the North and the Cambresis on the East It s Extent Extent South and North West is about 55 miles and about 40 West and East It is exceeding fertile in all sorts of Corn but more particularly of Wheat Quality which it produces in such a measure that this Province serves as a Granary to a great part of Flanders and Brabant It has in it twelve Cities or Walled Towns Cities 850 Villages Villages c. nine Chattelenies or Castlewards and several Abbeys and Monasteries The Chief Rivers in this Province are Rivers 1. Scharpe which here washes Arras and runs into Flanders nigh Douay 2. Lys which here washes Aire and St. Venant and runs into Flanders 3. Aa which here washes Reutly and St. Omers and runs into Flanders 4. Canche which washes Hesdin and runs into France Artois was subject to the Romans and afterwards to the Kings of Austrasia History and Government since whose times it has often changed Masters Lewis the XIth King of France made himself Master of Arras in 1477. after Charles the Bold or Rash Duke of Burgundy but Mary of Burgundy this Charles's Daughter brought it into the House of Austria marrying Maximilian the 1st of Austria Father of Philip I. and Grandfather of Charles V. and Ferdinand I. Francis the I. of France was forced by the Peace of Madrid in 1529. to quit Artois to the Spaniards which was afterwards possessed by Philip II and III. But the French re-conquered it under Philip IV. Son of the last who yielded it 'em by the 35 Article of the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. reserving to himself the Towns of Aire and St. Omer since taken by the French so that they are now Masters of all this Province The most remarkable places in Artois are Arras Bish Ch. Cit. St. Omer Bish Bapaume Hesdin Bethune St. Venant Aire Priory Therouane Lens Avesne le Comte Liques Pernes I. Arras Arras Lat. Rigiacum or Origiacum is seated on the Scharpe with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Cambray This is a very ancient City St. Vast who died in 540. was its first Bishop Lewis XI of France made himself Master of it in 1493. but restored it afterward to the Emperor Maximilian The Spaniards fortified it so as to think they had rendred it impregnable whereupon they caused the Emblem of some Rats running after Cats to be carved on the Frontispiece of one of the Gates of this City with these two boasting verses Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois prendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall take Arras This Prophecy proved false for the Mareschals of Chaune Chatillon and La Meilleraye laid Siege to and carried it in 1640 after they had defeated the Cardinal Infanta that came to relieve the Place And the French leaving the said Emblem upon the Gate did but take away the P in the word Prendront of the second verse which quite alters the signification of the Motto as Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois rendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall yield Arras The Spaniards sate before it in 1654. but were beat off with great loss so that it still belongs to the French who have made its Fortifications very strong and regular It is a place of large circumference well Peopled Rich and Trading The Streets are broad and fair adorned with a spacious Market-place Here is also a beautiful Cathedral a very wealthy Abbey and a strong Castle This City stands 20 miles almost of Cambray 30 N. E. of Amiens and 92 N. of Paris Long. 21 d. 55 m. Lat. 50 d. 20 m. II. St. Omer St. Omer in Latin Fanum Sancti Audomari and Vrbs Audomarensis lies on the River Aa in the Country of the Ancient Morins with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cambray St. Omer or Audomarus Bishop of Therouan built this City in 660. And Foulques Abbot of St. Bertin began to encompass it with Walls in 880. which was afterward finished by Baldwin II. Sirnamed the Bald Earl of Flanders in 902. who also joined the Abbey of Sithieu to the City Afterwards Therouan being demolished in the XVI Century there were instead of it founded two Bishopricks in 1559. viz. that of Bologne and of St. Omer Near to this City is a Lake containing several small floating Islands Inhabited by certain Families that never marry but among themselves without going out of these Islands which they make to go too and fro at pleasure either with Cords or Poles St. Omer is a great and fair City well fortified having on the one side the River and Marshes and on the other side is defended by a strong Castle with good Bastions and deep
Repair the Ruins caused by this Accident This Town is a Bishop's See Suffragan of Antivari and stands 8 Miles N. W. of that City Long. 41 d. 44 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. XV. Antivari Antivari Lat. Antibarum which some take to be the Ancient Doclea is seated upon the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice of a Bishoprick created into a Archbishoprick by Pope Alexander II. with 10 Suffragans in 1062. It has since fallen under the Tyranny of the Turks It stands 60 Miles S. E. of Ragusi Long. 41 d. 42 m. Lat. 43 d. 15 m. XVI Dolcigna Scutari Dolcigno or Dulcigno and Scutari or Scodra were formerly reckoned in Dalmatia but belong now-a-days to the Kingdom of Albania of which we shall Treat in the next Section Of the Republick of Ragusi RAgusi or Ragusa is a City and Republick upon the Gulf of Venice with an Archbishop's See Some Authors esteem it to be the same with the Ancient Epidaurus but others will have the Ruins of that City to be on the other side in a place called Ragusi Vecchio However it be this City which the Selavonians call Dobronich is very well Built It s situation is upon a Rock so high on one side and craggy that 't is a Covert to it and on the other side it stretches along a little Tongue of Land where 't is washed by the Sea Near this City is the Fort of St. Lawrence and a Port. It 's Inhabited by many Merchants and the best peopled place in Dalmatia The Government of it is almost like unto that of the Republick of Venice It 's true that the fear of losing their Liberty is so great that it obliges them to change their Duke or Governour every Month and to continue their Officers in their Posts but for six Weeks wherefore Gentlemen cannot wear a Sword nor lye abroad without informing the Senate therewith and in the Night time Strangers and especially Turks are lock'd up in their Lodgings by them Moreover the Gates of the City are never open but for three or four Hours by Day in Summer time and not above an Hour and a half in Winter The Ragusians pay Tribute to the Turks whom they fear to the Venetians whom they hate to the Pope Emperor and King of Spain upon consideration Ragusia or the Country of Ragusa is but inconsiderable comprehending no more than the Town of that Name Stagno and two or three Villages This City is very much subject to Earthquakes and had terrible shocks in 1637. and 1667. The Senate of Ragusa is composed of Sixty Senators whereof Forty at least must meet together when they assemble for Judgment Civil Matters at the Commencement of the Suit are brought before Six of the Senate from whom there is an Appeal to the College of Thirty who are no Senators and if the Decrees be for Sums exceeding 500 Crowns the Appeals are finally determin'd by the Senate Their Judicial Proceedings are in Latin but they plead in Italian or the Language of the Country Criminal Affairs are judged by an Officer from whom there is an Appeal to a Jurisdiction composed of Six Senators and if the Sentence be confirm'd there the Affair is terminated but if otherwise the Senate takes Cognizance thereof and Judges it As to Politick Affairs of lesser Importance the Governour with Six of the Senate decides them and these Six Senators exercise that Charge a Year Ragusa stands 82 Miles N. W. of Scutari 160 S. E. of Jaicza 165 S. E. of Zara and 168 S. W. of Belgrade Long. 40 d. 40 m. Lat. 43 d. 3 m. Stagno Stagno Lat. Stagnum is a small City and Sea-Port belonging to the Commonwealth of Ragusa with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of that City from which it stands 18 Miles almost N. W. Long. 40. d. 40 m. Lat. 43 d. 18 m. THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT VI. Greece Lat. Graecia THIS Country which the Turks now a days call Rumelia Name derives its ancient Name of Greece from a certain King call'd Graecus Another King whose name was Hellen gave it the name of Hellas and its People that of Hellenes But the name of Greece is taken variously for at first it comprehended only two little Countries of which the one was called Thessalia and the other Hellas or Greece properly so called Afterwards Epirus Macedon Achaia the Peloponnesus as also the Islands round about that extremity of the Continent received the name of Greece Besides that the name of Great Greece was given to Sicily and the lower part of Italy And lastly the name spread it self into the Continent of Neighbouring Asia which was called Asiatick Greece Greece properly so called which we are now to describe is bounded on the North by a long Chain of the Mountains Mariani Bounds which separate it from Romania Bulgaria and Servia on the West by the Adriatick and Jonian Seas on the South by the Mediterranean Sea and on the East by the Archipelago or White-Sea formerly Mare Aegeum It stretches from the 42 d. Situation 30 m. to the 49 d. 30 m. of Longitude and from the 34 d. 40 m. to the 43 d. of Northern Latitude Extent so that its Extent W. and E. is about 420 Miles and about 500 S. and N. Ancient Division Greece was formerly divided into six part viz. 1. Peloponnesus 2. Epirus 3. Greece Proper 4. Thessaly 5. Macedon 6. The Islands Greece properly so called or Hellas was subdivided into Aetolia Doris Phocis Attica Megaria Baeotia and the Country of the Locri. Modern Division Greece at this Day is divided into seven parts viz. six large Provinces and the Islands 1. Albania on the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice 2. Epirus on the Jonian Sea 3. Macedon On the Aegean Sea or Archipel or White Sea 4. Thessaly On the Aegean Sea or Archipel or White Sea 5. Achaia 6. Morea a Peninsule on the South of Achaia environ'd with the Jonian Cretian or of Sapienza and Aegean Seas 7. The Islands The six first have preserved their ancient Names except Morea formerly called Peloponnesus and Albania formerly part of Epirus The Air is here generally mild temperate and wholesom Quality The Soil extreamly fruitful in all necessaries as Corn excellent Wine and Fruits the most exquisite in the whole World There are also very good Pastures that feed abundance of Cattel and the Woods are stock'd with Fowl and Deer The Ancient Greeks had the advantage over all other Nations for Learning Ancient Inhabitants Their Wit Bravery and Wisdom They were the Inventors of Arts and Improvers of Sciences and as they were renowned for Learning so were they no less fam'd for their Military Prowess Courage extending their Arms into several Kingdoms of the Universe so that People resorted to 'em from most parts of the World either to be instructed in the Liberal Sciences or else to learn the Art of War The Countrey was so fertile in Men of Learning
that the time was once when there were found to be above three hundred Authors who had made the Description of one Battel Wisdom The Greeks were also the People who first of all submitted to Laws Laws and who found out the way to govern themselves and rule others Their most famous Law-givers were Cecrops Draco and Solon in Athens Lycurgus in in Lacedaemon or Sparta Zeleucus among the Locri and Minos in Creta or Candy Their Laws were so famed throughout all the World that about the year of Rome 303. and of the World 3533. the Decemvirs of Rome sent three of their Colleagues Spurius Posthumus Aulus Manlius and Publius Sulpitius to copy them out from which they framed the Laws of the XII Tables so much celebrated in Roman Antiquity As Greece was the School of all other Nations so was Athens the School of all Greece and the Athenians distinguished themselves from the rest by the Curiosity of their Genius and the Elegancy of their style Nevertheless if they surpassed the rest in Politeness and Delicacy of Wit yet they were great admirers of Tales and Fictions Almost all their Authors were addicted to Superstition and their Poets were the Fathers of their false Deities and the Inventors of the Pagan Theology Religion Nor were the Greek Historians any more addicted to Truth than their Poets Histories Their ancient Histories especially those of Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus are full of Fables and Romances and their Modern Historians had recourse to Visions and extraordinary Adventures to satisfy their Genius's which is the reason we have nothing of exact or certain knowledge of what passed toward the latter end of the Constantinopolitan Empire At present the Greeks are so far degenerated from what they anciently were Modern Inhabitants so cowed by the Turks both Priests and People so miserably Ignorant and so frequently abjure the Christian Religion to embrace Mahumetism for the more quiet enjoyment of the conveniencies of this Life that were it not for those Christian Festivals and Fasts which are in such veneration among them the Christian Religion would e're this in all probability have been eradicated out of the Country Religion But by means of those solemnities wherein their Holy Performances continue five Hours together and sometimes seven they still preserve a Face of the Christian Religion under a Patriach Bishops and Priests of which the Learned Dr. Smith of Magdalen College in Oxford has given us an exact * De Graecae Ecclesiae hodierno statu Epistola Printed in 1678. account The Greek Priests and Prelates wear their Hair long like the Layety of Europe Their Pontifical and Priestly Habits are different also from those of the Roman Church The Patriarch wears a Dalmatic or long Gown with Sleeves all Embroidered and upon his Head a Royal Crown instead of a Mitre The Bishops wear a certain Cap down to their Ears like the Hollow of a Hat without Brims Nor do they bear crosses in their hands but only a little crutch of Ebony tipped with Ivory or Mother of Pearl In the Sacrament they make use of leaven'd Bread and administer the Sacrament in both kinds They admit of no Images in Base Relief or emboss'd work but only Paintings or Sculptures in Copper and Silver nor do they make use of Musick in their Churches Their Monks or Caloyers which are generally of the Orders either of St. Basil or St. Chrysostom lead very austere lives especially those of Mount Athos Greece comprehended formerly several Kingdoms as that of Epirus Government Thessaly Macedon c. there were also many Republicks of which Athens and Lacedaemon were the most renowned She fought a long time in defence of her Liberty but was at length subjected to the Romans afterwards she buckled to the Emperors of Constantinople and now groans under the Yoak of the Turks under whose Government all her Cities lie utterly ruined 'T is true Morea and some Places in the other Provinces seem to breath again under the Protection of the Venetians who have of late wrested them from those Infidels CHAP. I. Albania ALbania is a large Province or Kingdom formerly a part of Epirus Bounds bounded on the North by Dalmatia and Servia on the East by Macedonia on the South by Epirus and on the West by the Adriatick Sea This Country was a Celebrated part of Ancient Greece History it has been subject to the Turks for these 200 Years last past that is ever since Mahomet II. won it from the Successors of the Renowned George Castriote alias Scanderbeg he that beat the Turks in 22 different Battels but at present the Inhabitants who are about 70000 Souls for the most part Christians or Renegado's seem much disposed to shake off the Turkish Yoke and to put themselves der the protection of the Venetians This Province was ever famous for the Courage Swiftness and Dexterity of its Cavalry to whom the Turks have been beholden for many a Victory The most Remarkable Cities and Towns of Albania are Scutari Bish Cap. Antivari Archb. Dulcigno Bish Ducagini Bish Alessio Croya Bish Durazzo Archb. Elbassan Ocrida Archb. Albanopoli Pollina Arch. Vallona I. Scutari Scutari Lat. Scodra was formerly a City of Dalmatia and the Seat of the Kings of Illyricum It is now the Capital of Albania and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Antivari and stands upon the River Bocano 24 Miles from the Adriatick Sea The Inhabitants call it Scadar the Turks Iscodar and the Italians Scutari It was twice Besieged by Mahomet II. without success and in 1487. resigned by the Venetians for a Peace This City lyes by a Lake 80 Miles S. E. of Ragusa 178 S. of Belgrade and 210 W. of Thessalonica or Salonichi Long. 42 d. 20 m. Lat. 42 d. 26 m. II. Antivari Antivari Lat. Doclea was also formerly a Town of Dalmatia but is accounted in Albania since the Turks are Masters of it Pope Alexander II. of a Bishop's See erected it into an Archbishoprick in 1062. and gave it Ten Suffragans It stands on a rising Ground upon the Adriatick Sea 18 Miles N. W. of Dolcigno and 60 S. E. of Ragusi Long. 41 d 32 m. Lat. 42 d. 13 m. III. Dolcigno Dolcigno or Dulcigno is an Episcopal City under the Archbishop of Antivari seated near the Adriatick Sea 18 Miles S. E. of Antivari and 27 S. W. of Scutari IV. Ducagini Ducagini or Dagno is the Head of a Territory of the same Name with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Antivari It stands on the River Drin or Drino 24 Miles E. of Scuturi V. Alessio Alessio or Alesso or Alesco Lat. Lissas is seated upon the River Drin 8 Miles from its Mouth and 12 S. of Ducagini It is famous for the Tomb of the Renowned Scanderbeg who died there in 1467. and for whose Memory the Turks have so great a Veneration that happy are they who can approach his Monument and carry
spacious Port and was defended with good Towers after the Ancient way of Fortification It was here the Turks kept the Magazines which they gathered in the Neighbouring fruitful Provinces General Morosini resolv'd in 1683. to pass to Volo to possess himself of the Provisions the Turks had laid up there he Battered the Place and then Mounted the Assault The Bassa that Commanded in the Place retired to a Corner of the Town that was pretty well retrenched but at last quitted that Post and Surrendred to the Venetian General He found above Four Millions of Pounds weight of Bisket with other Provisions and 27 Pieces of Cannon which when he had Shipped he set Fire to the Magazines Houses and Mosques and before he parted beat down all the Walls to the Ground II. Pharsalus Pharsalus or Pharsalia is very famous in the Roman History for the Battel won by Julius Caesar against Pompey the Great in the Neighbouring Plains It has since been called Farsa being a Bishop's See under Larissa and afterwards an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople V. Scotusa Scotusa is a small City with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Larissa from which it stands about 18 Miles to the West VI. Voidenor Voidenor is another small Town seated upon the River Atrax 54 Miles W. of Larissa VII Demetriada Demetriada is a very Ancient tho' inconsiderable City upon the Gulf of Armiro or of Volo CHAP. V. Achaia or Livadia A Chaia formerly called Hellas and Graecia now Livadia Name Bounds and Rumelia is bounded on the North by Thessaly on the East by the Aegean Sea on the South by the Gulf of Engia the Isthmus of Corinth and the Gulf of Lepanto and on the West by the Jonian Sea and part of Epirus It had formerly Seven Provinces viz. Aetolia Baeotia Attica Locris Doris Phocis and Megaris Pliny says That the Wine of this Country made Women Miscarry History and Pausanias says That such as washed in one of its Rivers Slemnos forgot their Amours The Apostle St. Andrew is thought by many to have suffered in this Country Parnassus and Helicon two Mountains so famous among the Poets Mountains are in this Country Achaia is sometimes taken for a small part of the Peloponnesus or Morea now called Romania Alta. and Ducatus Clarentiae and sometimes for the whole Peleponnesus The Principal Places in Achaia or Livadia are Setines or Athens Archb. Cap. Stives or Thebes Archb. Aulis Marathon Livadia Megara Delphos Lepanto Archb. The Dardanells of Lepanto I. Setines or Athens Setines anciently called Athens was one of the most famous and flourishing Cities in the World the Capital of Attica formerly a Kingdom and the chief seat of Learning and Valour taking its rise An. Mun. 2496. and continuing 487 years under 17 Kings the first whereof was Cecrops and the last Codrus Son of Melanthus After that they were govern'd by 10 Archontes or Rulers during life than by Archontes for 10 years and at last by annual Praetors Draco first gave 'em Laws which were too severe then Solon instituted Milder introducing Democratical Government 594 years before our Saviour Athens sustained many great Wars against the Persians Lacedaemonians Thebans Rhodians and Macedonians It suffered much under Alexander the Great and after his Death yet more under Antipater Craterus and Cassander Demetrius made it free again but being refus'd shelter there after his defeat in Phrygia he invested and made himself Master of the Town after a years Siege Sometime after it shook off the Macedonian yoke and put it self under the Protection of Rome until Ariston making himself Tyrant thereof irritated the Romans who took and plunder'd it under Sylla 87 years before Christ After this Pompey the Great permitted it the use of its Laws for which kindness it declared for him against Caesar who after the Battel of Pharsale when he had power to punish his Enemies said Truly the Athenians deserve to be chastis'd yet in consideration of the merit of the Dead I pardon the Living All was Magnificent in Athens and worth the admiration of Posterity The Areopage the Lycaeum the Academy Portique Temple and other fine Buildings are well described in the Works of ancient Authors St. Paul Preached here and several Persons of Note embraced Christianism as Dionysius the Areopagite and a Noble Lady called Damaris After that the Church of Athens became very considerable for in the II. Century a great number of the Athenians suffered Martyrdom animated by the Example of their Bishop Publius This happen'd in 123. under Adrian who came to Athens in 126. This City was afterwards erected into an Archbishoprick It is defended by a Cittadel called Acropolis inaccessible on every side save the West seated in the Middle between two Hills the one call'd Musaeum within Cannon Shot the other Anchesmus which has no place to Mount Great Guns on being Spired like a Sugar-Loaf and having no more compass on the top save that in which St. George's Chappel is built the place where formerly the Statue of Jupiter was Worshiped The City is North of the Cittadel and so covered by it that it can hardly be seen on that side next the Sea well situated and wealthy tho' in a hot Climate which is tempered by the North Winds The Inhabitants are about 10000 Greeks and Turks the latter have four Mosques in the City and one in the Castle The Citizens are reckoned Treacherous and Cunning whence comes the Proverb From a Jew of Salonica a Greek of Athens and a Turk of Negropont Good Lord Deliver us They speak Greek and Turkish promiscuously and differ only in Habit which the Greeks wear closer on their Bodies Their Women seldom stir abroad when they do they cover their Heads with a Veil of Calico and throw over 'em a large Crimson Velvet or Violet colour'd Mantle with their Silver Clasps The Maids never go abroad till their Wedding-Day being courted by Proxies Upon their Nuptials they wear a large Crown of Filigram and Pearls and are led from Church to the Bridegrooms House with Hautboys Drums and other Musical Instruments playing before them The Archbishoprick of Athens is not worth above 4000 Crowns a year wherefore most of the Jesuits are retired to Negropont But the Consuls of France and England keep each of 'em a Chappel here The Soil about this City is fruitful in Wine and Olives especially those called Colymbades reserved for the Grand Signior's own eating being large and well-tasted The Castle stands on the North on a descent from the City in which is a magnificent large white Marble Temple supported with beautiful Pillars of black Marble and Porphyry On the Frontispiece are the Figures of Horse-men as big as the life prepared for Combat Round about it are to be seen the noble Atchievements of the ancient Greeks in Basso Relievo every Figure almost two Foot and a half high Close by this Temple is a beautiful White Marble Palace much decay'd At the Foot
King of Lacedemon others to Cecrops who also founded Athens and others assure us that it was founded by Spartus Son to Phoroneus King of Argos in Patriarch Jacob's time 1763. Years before our Saviour In Polybius's time it was of a round Figure five or six Miles about being Commanded by Mount Taigetus on the West This City now has but the Miserable Ruins of its former Greatness It is divided into four Quarters separated from each other The Castle makes one the Land another and two Suburbs called Melokorion or the middle Suburb and Exokorion or the outward Suburb The Exokorion is seperated from the other three by the River Vasoli Potamos but has Communication with them by a Stone-bridge The Castle called To Castron has very good Walls and is so advantagiously seated on a rising Ground that some Historians assure it was never taken by open force either by the Turks or Venetians Nevertheless General Morosini made himself Master of it in 1687. It stands 120 Miles almost S. of Setines 150 S. E. of Lepanto and 526 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. 32 m. Lat. 35 d. 26m III. Zarnata Zarnata is a Fortress which both Art and Nature have conspired to make strong being seated on a very pleasant rising Ground and defended with Towers and other Fortifications In 1685. the Garrison frighted at the approach of the Venetian Army Surrendred to General Morosini upon Articles It stands 25 Miles almost W. of Misitra IV. Chielefa Chielefa is a considerable Fortress seated on a steep Rock of a square Figure environ'd with good Walls flank'd with five huge Towers It is a Mile in circumference and stands about two Miles off the Sea and 17 N. of Cape Matapan near the place where Vitulo a famous trading City stood formerly which has given its Name to Port Vitulo now little frequented because it is neither safe nor commodious In 1685. Chielefa Surrendred to General Morosini The next Year after the Turks endeavouring to regain this Place were routed and put to flight by the Venetians V. Passava Passava is an inconsiderable Fortress in the Province of Maina near the Gulph of Colochine on the Cape Mapatan over-against Chielefa and Port Vitulo it is built upon a rising Ground but very irregular and of no strength In 1685. General Morosini took it without any opposition and caused it to be razed VI. Cape Matapan and Maina To the S. of Morea is Cape Matapan which runs further into the Sea than any other Cape of this Peninsula It was anciently called Promontorium Taenarium from the Cave Tenaro whose vast spacious Gap gave occasion to Poets to feign it the Mouth of Hell The Sea round this Cape is very deep and has there two good Ports the first is called the Port of Quails by reason of the prodigious number of Quails that fly thither the other is called the Port of Maina Betwixt these two Ports and upon the Ruins of the Ancient Cersapolis the Turks built formerly a Fortress which they called Turcotigi Oliminias add Monige which the Greeks Interpret Castro di Maini In 1570. the Venetians took this Fort and razed it Article IV. Saccania or Romania Minor THIS Province which comprehends the old Argia borders the Gulf of Lepanto Bounds the Isthmus of Corinth and the Gulf of Engia on the North. The Mare Egeo on the East Zaconia and the Gulf of Napoli di Romania on the South and Zaconia and Chiarenza on the West The Palus or Marsh of Lerna where Hercules is said to have kill'd the Hydra with Seven Heads is in this Province The only Cape here is Cape Schili Lat. Scylaeum or Plethon Cape or Scillium or Damala or Sygillo Promontorium The Cities of Note here are Napoli di Romania Archb. Cap. Argos Bish Corinth Archb. I. Napoli di Romania Of all those famous Cities which were formerly the Ornament of Argia called now Saccania or Romania Minor none but Napoli keeps to this day some remains of its former Beauty and Grandeur It is called by Ptolomy Nauplia by Sophianus Napli and Anaplia by the Greeks It is a strong and trading City Built by Nauplio Son to Neptunus in the farthest part of the Gulf commonly called of Napoli anciently Argolicus Simus upon a little Cape that divides itself into two different parts that towards the Sea forms a good safe and spacious Haven the other towards the Land renders the passage to the Town almost inaccessible there being no other but a narrow stony steep way to come to it between Mount Palamida and the Sea-shore Besides the advantages of the situation which render this City one of the strongest in Europe it is defended by a Cittadel Built on a Rock in the Sea a hundred Yards off the City which consequently cannot be Attack'd by Land Napoli was formerly a Bishoprick Suffragan ef Corinth but now it is an Archbishop's See and the ordinary Residence of the Governour of the Province which is Inhabited by 60000 Greeks besides a vast number of Strangers of several Nations It stands 78 Miles S. W. of Athens and 60 N. of Misitra Napoli as most Cities has undergone many Changes of Government in 1205. the French and Venetians together made themselves Masters of it In 1388. King Giovanissa took it by Storm put all the Garrison to the Sword and blew up the City Napoli came into the Hands of Mary Erigana or Anguien by corruption Widow of Peter Son to Frederick Cornaro Piscopia who being unable to keep it against so powerful an Enemy as Bajazet sold it to the Republick of Venice to which it was subject till 1539. when it was yielded to Mahomet II. to procure a Peace In 1686. General Morosini ordered General Coningsmark to possess himself of Mount Palamida which is within Musket-shot of the Town and commands it and whilst he battered it from this Place Morosini gave Battel to the Serasquier that came to relieve it defeated him and took Argos their Fleet at the same time taking Ternis Aug. the 29th the Serasquier advanced again with a 1000 Men and fell upon the Venetians in their Trenches where the Battel was dubious for three Hours but at last the Turks fled After the Battel the Siege was pusht on with vigour and the Turks Capitulated to Surrender on the usual Terms and were conducted to Tenedos II. Argos There have been three Cities called by this Name the first is Argos Amphilochium in Epirus the second Argos Pelasgicum in Macedon and lastly Argos Peloponnesiacum of which we are now to Treat It has been anciently called Phoronia Hippobote Jasia Diposia Jappia and lastly Argos It was formerly the Capital of the famous Province of Argia or Argolis and one of the most Celebrated Cities of Peloponnesus It is seated on the River Planissa Lat. Inachus Fluvius 7 Miles almost W. of Napoli di Romania It was first a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Corinth and then erected into a Metropolitan it self It has the Mount
Riches that the King of Spain's Revenues from thence when he had all was greater than any Prince in Christendom the King of France excepted but at present the charge of keeping is much greater than the Revenues The strength Strength of these parts is very great but it s best and strongest places are in the possession of the French and for a long time the Spaniards have not been able to keep those they have still without the help either of the English Dutch or Brandenburghers The Traffick Traffick in Flanders has been always very great but now nothing so much as formerly by reason of the prodigious increase of the Vnited Provinces in these late years It chiefly consists of several sorts of Manufactures as rich Tapestries fine Camlets Serges coloured Says Mock Velvets great quantities of fine Linnen Damasks Cambricks Taffaties Points Laces and striped Stuffs for Beds which are transported into many Countries all sorts of Ribbons Bastard Sattins and many other things of this Nature made at the Cities of Mons Ghent Brussels Ypres Lille Bruges Mechlin Valenciennes c. The Inhabitants Inhabitants of these Provinces consist of Flemmings Walloons Spaniards with some intermixture of French Dutch and English especially at present The Religion Religion among them is various according to their several Nations In those places which are in the Possession of the Spaniards and French that of the Roman Church is only publickly allowed and the Protestants tolerated out of Policy by the Spaniards only On the contrary in those places that belong to the Hollanders the Protestant is only publickly exercis'd and the Popish suffered in private The Archbishopricks and Bishopricks are all Roman Catholick The Languages Language most generally used in these Parts are the Walloon and Flemmish The Walloon is a corrupt French spoken in Artois Hainault Namur Luxemburg French-Flanders part of Brabant and the Bishoprick of Liege The Flemmish or Low-Dutch is a Dialect of the German spoken in the Marquisate Mechlin part of Brabant Flanders and part of the Bishoprick of Liege The Spanish is also much in use among the King of Spain's Subjects and the French among the better sort The German has been lately introduced there by the Duke of Bavaria Governour of the Spanish Netherlands The Principal Rivers Rivers in these Parts are the Maes or Meuse and the Scheld or Escaut 1. The Maes Lat. Mosa has its source in France near Mount de Vauge in the Bishoprick of Langres in Champagne passes through Charlemont Bouvines Dinant Namur where it receives the River Sambre Liege Maestricht Venlo Grave and Dort and falls into the Wahal a branch of the Rhine near Hervoerden where it takes the name of Merwe and having form'd an Island called Ysselmonde near Dordrecht runs into the Ocean 2. The Scheld has its source in Picardy a Province of France and having wash'd the Towns of Cambray Valenciennes Tournay Ghent and Antwerp and embraced the Island of Zealand it falls into the Ocean big with the Waters of the Rivers Lys Lieve Dendre and Rupel In these Provinces are two Archbishopricks Archbishopricks 2. viz. Cambray and Mechlin and eleven Bishopricks Bishopricks 11. viz. Antwerp Boisleduc Bruges Ghent Ruremond and Ypres under Mechlin Namur Arras St. Omers and Tourney under Cambray and Leige under Cologne in Germany Here are also 155 Cities or Walled Towns Towns 155. besides those in Cambray and part of Gelderland Chief City and 6867 Villages Villages 6867. besides the Castles Forts and Noble Mens Houses which are almost innumerable The Chief City of the whole is Antwerp but Brussel is now adays the most remarkable being the seat of the Spanish Governour The Chief City of the French is Mons of the Hollanders Boisledue or Maestricht and of the Bishop of Liege Liege The Government Government of this Country belongs by right to the Spaniards but at present they have only the Marquisate Mechlin Spanish about 3 quarters of Brabant nigh half of Limburg and Flanders a quarter of Hainault with some of Gelderland The French have Artois Cambray Luxemburg Namur three quarters of Hainault French nigh half of Flanders and a quarter of the Bishoprick of Liege The Hollanders have above half of Limburg Dutch above a quarter of Brabant a sixth part of Flanders and a small part of the Bishoprick of Liege The Bishop of Liege has above half of that Province Flanders comprehending the Cambresis the Country of Liege Division and part of Gelderland is divided into twelve parts viz. 1. The County of Flanders Ghent Bish 2. The Dukedom of Brabant Brussel Capital 3. The Marquisat of the Holy Empire Antwerp Bish 4. The Lordship of Mechlin Mechlin Archbp. 5. Part of the Dukedom of Gelderland Gelders 6. The Dukedom of Limburg Limburg 7. The Country of Liege Liege Bish 8. The County of Namur Namur Bish 9. The Dukedom of Luxemburg Luxemburg 10. The County of Hainault Mons 11. The Cambresis Cambray Archbp. 12. The County of Artois Arras Bish Article I. Of the County of Flanders properly so called Comitatus Flandriae FLanders is the first County of the Low Countries and the most considerable and noble in all Christendom some derive its Name Name from Flandrina Wife to Lideric II. Prince of Buc and great Forester of Flanders who governed it under Charlemaigne and Lewis the Debonair Others fetch it from Flambert Nephew to Clodion King of France who having married Blesinda Daughter to Golâ—uerus King of the Ruthinians drove the Romans out of the Belgick Gaul This Province borders on the North the Ocean and the Mouth of the Scheld Bounds called the Hont that divides it from Zealand On the West the Ocean and part of Artois On the South Artois and Hainault And on the East part of Hainault and Brabant It is extended South and North about 66 miles Extent and near as much West and East It is a very fine and rich Country Quality most plentiful in Corn and Pastures it has Fish in abundance affords Kine and Warlike Horses There are in it 28 or 30 Walled Towns Towns and some others of no small consideration 1154 Villages Villages 48 Abbeys Abbeys and a great number of Priories Priories Colledges Colledges and Monasteries Monasterys It is in most places so populous that the Spaniards who followed Phillip II. in Flanders were used to say that the whole was but one City It has five Viscounties viz. Ghent Viscounts Ypres Furnes Wynoxberg and Haerlbeck 3. Principalities Principalities viz. Steenhuyse Gavre and Epinoy Ports 4. Famous Sea-ports viz. Dunkirk Newport Ostend and Sluys And 31 Chattelenies or Castelanships This Province was heretofore governed by Earls which did Homage to the King of France History as did also Philip Duke of Burgundy after that Flanders was fallen to him by marrying Margaret Daughter of Lewis Malatin Earl of Flanders in
N. E. of Bruges and 14 S. W. of Middleburg Long. 22 d. 34 m. Lat. 51 d. 24 m. II. Sas-Van-Ghent Sas-Van-Ghent is a small place but so strong by reason of its situation and fortifications that it is accounted impregnable Yet the Hollanders took it in 1644. It stands 11 miles N. of Ghent Long. 23 d. Lat. 51 d. 20 m. III. Ardenburgh Ardenburgh is also a small place but very strong in Flanders subject to the Hollanders It stands 20 miles N. W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 36 m. Lat. 51 d. 22 m. Article II. Of the Dukedom of Brabant Lat. Brabantia THIS Dutchy is in a manner an Island encompassed with Rivers having the Meuse on the East and the Nort the Demer on the South which runs through part of this Province and the Schelde on the West with the Ocean on the side of Breda and Bergin-Op-Zoom So that it borders part of the Country of Gelderland Bounds and the Bishoprick of Liege on the East The Country of Hainault and the Country of Namur on the South Flanders and part of Zealand on the West and Holland and another part of Gelderland on the North. Its Extent Extent South and North is about 70 miles and about 60 West and East Quality The Air is generally good and wholesom the Soil is very Fertile except some of the Northern parts which are somewhat sandy and barren The Cities are very fine whereof there are 26 Walled and Strong Towns not mentioning others of less importance and about 100 Villages Villages History The Brabanders are descended from a Colony of Saxons brought from beyond the Elbe by Charlemaign and planted in this Country in 806. Divers Authors say that Anchises or Anchisices Father to Pepin of Haristol was Lord of Brabant Charlemaign and his Children were Masters of this Country until such time as Otho Son to Prince Charles of France Duke of Lower Lorraine being dead in 1004. without being Married Brabant became the Portion of Gerbege second Daughter to the same Charles of France and his first Wife Bonne of Ardenne Married to Lambert II. Earl of Monts and Louvain the Founder of the Branch of the Duke of Brabant and Lothier at first they took only the Title of Earls but 1235 Henry I. took the Title of Duke of Brabant and Lorrain Philip III. called the Good recollected the succession of the Duke of Brabant which he left to Charles the Rash his Son Father to Mary of Burgundy who carried it into the House of Austria by her Marriage to Maximilian afterwards Emperor This Country has been fruitful in illustrious Men and Learned Writers The Rivers Rivers here besides the Meuse and the Scheld are Demer Dommel Senne Aa Dyle Gias Jeckes Nephte both great and small and Mert there is also a great number of small Lakes and Ponds Brabant comprehends the Marquisate of the Holy Empire whose Capital is Antwerp the Lordship of Mechlin the Dutchy of Arschot the Marquisate of Bergues the County of Hooghstraet the state of Maestricht formerly that of Liege and 19 Baronies Louvain was in time past Capital of this Province but now Brussels Brabant is divided into four parts 1. Dutch-rBrabant in which the most remarkable Places are Boisleduc Bish Cap. Breda Bergen-Op-Zoom Grave Ravestein Helmont Eyndenhove Maestricht Lillo 2. Spanish-Brabant properly so called which comprebends Brussels Cap. Louvain Leuwe Arschot Duke Nivelle Tillemont or Tienen Judoigne Gemblour Lire Diest Vilvoerde Herentals Hannuye 3. The Marquisate of the Holy Empire Antwerp Bish 4. The Lordship of Malines which has Malines or Mechlin Arch. To keep to my General division I shall give you here the Description of the Dutch and Spanish Brabant and reserve that of the Mâ—rquisate and Lordship of Malines for the two following Articles Chiefs Towns belonging to the Hollanders in Brabant I. Boisleduc BOisleduc Bolduc or Bosleduc Lat. Boscum-Ducis Sylva-Ducis Bolducum and in Dutch Hertogenbosch the Capital of the Dutch-Brabant with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines is situated upon the River Domel which there receives the Aade and afterward the Diese and discharges it self about two Leagues from thence into the Meuse at the place where it formeth the Isle of Bommel Boisleduc is built in a plain where there was a Hunting Forrest belonging to the Dukes of Brabant But Duke Henry going to oppose the incursions which those of Guelder-land made into his Country caused this Wood to be cut down in 1172. where the Foundations of this City were laid which Duke Jeffery finished in 1184. Pope Paul IV. erected it into a Bishoprick in 1559. and Francis Sonnius was its first Prelate The Bishops now are but Titular and make their residence at Goldorp since Boisleduc is fallen into the hands of the Hollanders This City is naturally strong as well by its situation as by its fortifications It is environ'd with Rivers and Meadows covered with Water so that the Avenues to the Town are upon artificial Causeys made turning and winding and commanded by one or other of the six Forts built at some distance without the Town Its Ditches are filled with the Waters of the said Rivers which enter into the City by divers Channels very commodious to the Inhabitants They are almost all Soldiers tho' they do not neglect Trade which occasioneth this saying That the Inhabitants of Boisleduc are Warlike Merchants The City is large fair well built and very populous The Cathedral Church of St. John is one of the most sumptuous of the Netherlands with a very fine Clock The Market-place is environed with fine Buildings where 10 of the greatest Streets do end The Hollanders became at last Masters of it in 1629. by the Valour and Conduct of Frederick Henry Prince of Orange This City stands 43 miles N. E. of Antwesp and 50 almost S. of Amsterdam Long. 24 d. 30 m. Lat. 51 d. 42 m. II. Breda Breda is seated on the River Mereck with the Title of Barony which comprehends now about Seventeen Villages but it had more formerly and Berg-Op-Zoom did then depend upon it Breda had anciently particular Lords of its own and was sometimes in Possession of the Dukes of Brabant but John III. Duke of Brabant sold it again in 1350. to John Polon Lord of Lieck who left an only Daughter Johanna Married in 1404. to Engelbert of Nassau Henry of Nassau begun the Castle of Breda where the Tomb of Renatus of Nassau is to be seen in the Collegiate Church of St. Peter founded about 1303. This City suffered very much during the War between the States and the Spaniards The Prince of Parma took it from the Vnited Provinces July 18. 1581. Maurice of Nassau became Master of it against in 1590. by a Boat loaden with Turf under which he hid 60 Souldiers who rendered themselves Masters of the Castle and he afterwards took the City by Capitulation They tell a very remarkable thing of one of these Soldiers that was hidden under the Turf viz.
French had perpetually the Disadvantage till at last having gained a Pass into his Majesties Camp they over-powered him by their Numbers and some of our Horse not acting their part the King perceiving things in disorder did Valiantly attempt to renew the Battel and seeing that it could not be perform'd commanded a Retreat which was obeyed in very good Order but the Body being in a Confusion sustained a considerable Loss especially at passing the River Geete His Majesty continued so long in the Field that he had much ado to repass that River but accomplisht it at length having behaved himself during the whole Action with admirable Courage and Conduct and Expos'd himself to a Thousand Dangers yet by a particular Providence he came off without any other hurt than a small Contusion on the side by a Musket Bullet and having a piece of his Scarf shot away The Elector of Bavaria perform'd also Wonders during the Fight But the Gallantry of most of the English and Scotch is scarce to be parallel'd The Loss of the French was computed to 18000 Men and that of the Confederates about 7000. The Chief of those who fell on our side was Count Solms Lieutenant-General and his Grace the Duke of Ormond was Wounded and Taken with many other Officers of Note but since redeem'd VIII Gemblours Gemblours Lat. Gemblacum is upon the River Orne with the fine Abbey of St. Benedict whose Abbot is Spiritual and Temporal Lord of the Town It is Famous for a Fight in 1578. and stands by the Borders of Namur 19 Miles S. of Namur and 20 S. E. of Brussels Long. 24 d. Lat. 50 d. 37 m. IX Lire Lire or Lier Lat. Lira is in the District of Antwerp between that City and Mechlin seated upon the River Nethe which falls Two Miles farther into the Ruypel It is naturally strong by its Situation and made much more so by Art and besides a very fine and pleasant Town Famous for its Manufactures and its Fairs for Cattel It stands Seven Miles N. of Mechlin 10 S. E. of Antwerp and 20 N. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 50 m. Lat. 51 d. 9 m. X. Diest Diest is a little Town upon the River Demer with the Title of Barony and the Head of a Territory Subject to our King as Prince of Orange It is considerable for its divers Manufactures of Woollen and Linnen Cloth and for its Two Collegiate Churches It stands 14 Miles almost E. of Louvain Long. 24 d. 24 m. Lat. 51 d. 3 m. There are some other small inconsiderable Towns in the Spanish Brabant such as Vilvoerde Herentals Hannuye c. Article III. Of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire THE Marquisate of the Holy Empire is a very small Province Bounds not being above Seven Miles W. and E. and Four S. and N. yet it is accounted one of the Four Quarters or Tetrarchies of Brabant bounded on the West by Flanders from which it is separated by the River Scheld and on all other sides by Brabant The Chief Rivers Rivers there are the Scheld which washes Antwerp and the Schynt which also runs by Antwerp and there falls into the Scheld This Marquisate belong'd formerly to the Emperor but now to the King of Spain The Chief and only Place of Note in the Province is Antwerp Antwerp Antwerp Lat. Antuerpia or Andoverpum and Antwerpen by the Natives is the Capital of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Malines The derivation some give of its Name is Fabulous This City was formerly one of the Richest and most Beautiful of the whole World seated in a spacious Plain upon the Right side of the Scheld where the River divides the Dutchy of Brabant from the County of Flanders It was enlarged by John I. John III. and Charles V. It contains 212 Streets and 22 publick Piazza's The Houses are all neat and fashionable and many of them Magnificent In a word all the Structures both Sacred and Prophane admirable Our Lady's Church the Cathedral is a piece of of incomparable Workmanship it 's above 500 Foot long 240 broad and 340 high contains 66 Chappels embellish'd with Marble Pillars all different in shape and adorned with curious Pictures as well as the Body of the Church The Tower is one of the highest and fairest of Europe Built of white Stone where are 33 large Bells The Three Chief Doors are cas'd with Marble and gilt with Gold This fine Church was almost burnt to the Ground in the Year 1533. and after that pillag'd during the Civil Wars for Religion It was erected into a Cathedral by Paul IV. in the Year 1559. There are Four other Parish Churches viz. St. George St. James St. Andrew and St. Malburge besides 25 Colleges Nunneries and Religious Houses amongst which the Jesuits-Church is very Magnificent it 's paved with Marble on the two lower sides one above another which are supported by 56 Marble Columns The Four Roofs are hung with 38 large Pictures of Rubens in Gold Frames and the Wall pierced with 40 cross Windows lin'd with Marble The chief Altar is all of Marble Jasper Porphyre and Gold The Jesuits Treasure is valued Two Millions The Town-house consists of Four Apartments and the Easterlings House the Exchange and the Galleries that surround it deserve to be seen The Cittadel one of the strongest and most regular is of a Pentagon Figure It encloses two little Hills that give a Prospect all over the Countrey This Cittadel was built in 1567. by the Duke of Alva The City lyes 18 Leagues from the Sea between Malines Louvain Brussels and Bruges The Harbour is very lovely and most convenient there being no less than Eight Channels for Ships to come up by to the City in the chiefest of which 100 may ride together There are 74 Bridges upon these Canals all which Conveniences brought a great Trade to the Town but the Neighbourhood of Amsterdam has deprived it of the greatest part This City suffered much in the Revolt of the Low Countries from the Spaniards who plundered it Three days together burnt above 600 Houses and Kill'd and Drowned 10000 of the Inhabitants The Confederates repair'd it but it was after that retaken by the Prince of Parma after a Years Siege memorable for the many Machines and Devices us'd in it Antwerp stands 24 Miles N. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 36 m. Lat. 51 d. 16 m. Article IV. Of the Lordship of Malines MAlines or Mechlin is another very small Province Bounds bounded on every side with Brabant and is nigh the middle of it and not far off the Borders of Flanders It s extent is about Eight Miles West and East Extent and Five South and North. It is a distinct Province from the rest and the Residence of the Parliament or great Council for these Countries but has not those Priviledges that Brabant has And for that reason most Women here when they are ready to Lie-In go into Brabant
to be brought to Bed that their Children may enjoy their Priviledges In the compass of the Province lyes but one City City or Walled Town and Nine Villages Villages The chief Rivers are Rivers 1. The Dele which runs through the middle and washes Mechlin and then into Brabant and falls into the Scheld 2. Senne which here falls into the Dele Malines Malines or Mechlin Lat. Mechlinia and by those of the Country Mackelen or Meckelen upon the Dele is the Capital of the Lordship of that Name It s Bigness and Magnificence cause it to be called Malines the Beautiful as Antwerp the Rich Brussels the Noble Louvain the Wise Ghent the Great and Bruges the Ancient The situation is very pleasant and because of the Tide the Trade is very good There is an Archbishoprick's See founded by Paul IV. in 1559. with the Title of Primate of the Low-Countries Cardinal Granville was the first Archbishop The Cathedral Church is Consecrated to St. Rombaut Malines is the place of the great Royal Council instituted by Charles Duke of Burgundy in 1473. There is also the Parliament of the Knights of the Fleece and the Prince's Arsenal Speaking of this Arsenal I cannot but mention that the Thunder having set on Fire several Barrels of Powder in 1546. it broke out with such fury that it overturned a Tower and above 300 Houses dryed up the Ditch about the Town and caused extraordinary Damage In the Suburb is St. Alexis's Nunnery where there are 15 or 1600 Nuns who are allowed to walk abroad to pay and receive Visits and to Marry when they please The Lordship of Malines had its own Lords until 1336. that it became a free Town After that time it belonged to the House of Burgundy till it entred into that of Austria in 1477. Its Inhabitants are free from all Taxes for the good Service perform'd to Charles the Bold Earl of Flanders at the Siege of Nuis upon the Rhine Here have been Two Provincial Councils the first in 1570. and the second in 1607. The chief Trade of this place consists in Tanning making of Linnen Cloth Point and Lace which bear the Name of the City and casting great Artillery and Guns It stands 11 Miles N. W. of Louvain 13 almost N. of Brussels 14 S. E. of Antwerp and 30 E. of Ghent Long. 23 p. 44 m. Lat. 51 d. 6 m. Article V. Part of the Dukedom of Gelderland belonging to the Spaniards THat part of Gelderland which is Subject to the Spaniards Bounds has on the East and North Cleves in Germany on the West Brabant and on the South Juliers in Germany Extent It s extent is about 36 Miles North and South and about 28 East and West The Soil is fertile and yields all sorts of Grains abounding moreover with rich Pasture-grounds Quality which fatten great Droves of Cattel which are sent from many far Places The chief Rivers here are Rivers 1. The Meuse which runs through the midst of this part washing Ruremonde and Venlo and so passes on dividing Brabant from the rest of Guelderland 2. Niers which washes Gelders and runs into Cleves The Chief Towns are Gelders Cap. Venlo Ruremond Bish I. Gelders The City of Guelders Lat. Gueldria which they of the Country call Gelre is seated on a Marshy Ground upon the little River of Niers which environs it instead of a Moat The Castle is extreamly strong and said to be impregnable by reason of its situation In 1627. the Spaniards laboured to have brought the Rhine to the City of Guelders and into the Meuse on purpose to have cut off the Commerce between Germany and Holland but fail'd in their Enterprize It stands 26 Miles nigh S. E. of Nimeguen the Chief of the Province and 11 Miles almost N. of Venlo Long. 25 d. 37 m. Lat. 51 d. 31 m. II. Venlo Venlo is a very strong Town on the River Meuse by the Borders of Juliers It is a Hance-Town but Subject to the Spaniards and stands 11 Miles S. W. of Gelders and 11 N. of Ruremond Long. 25 d. 24 m. Lat. 51 d. 27 m. III. Ruremond Ruremond Lat. Ruremonde is the second City of Gelderland with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines on the River Meuse at the Mouth of the Roer or Rura from which it takes its Name It s Collegiate Church was Erected in 1559. into a Cathedral by Pope Paul IV. William Lindall was the first Prelate of it The City is large fair and rich having many stately Monasteries in it whereof that of the Carthusians is the most considerable It stands 11 Miles S. of Venlo and 21 S. of Gelders Long. 25 d. 22 m. Lat. 51 d. 16 m. Article VI. Of the Dukedom of Limburg Limburgensis Ducatus LImburg has the Dutchy of Juliers to the East and North Bounds the Bishoprick of Liege to the West and part of Luxemburg to the South It s Extent South and North is about 35 Miles and West and East about 26. Extent It had heretofore Dukes of its own History but upon the Death of Walraine III. whom others call Henry in 1285. Adolph sold it to John Duke of Brabant who pretended a Right to it as descended from Margaret Daughter of Henry Duke of Limburg Married in 1172. to Godfrey Duke of Brabant In 1293. Rainold I. Duke of Guelderland laid claim to it in the Kight of Ermengarde his Wife Daughter of Herman late Duke of Limburg but he losing the Battel of Woring near Collen June 5. 1298. and being taken Prisoner was forced to resign his Right to John Duke of Brabant to regain his Liberty and from that time the Dukes of Brabant have enjoyed it It has excellent Mines of Iron and one of Copper Quality The Earth is very fruitful in Wheat Fruits and Fewel but above all in Grass and Water The Famous Spaw-Waters are not above Three Leagues S. W. from Limburg The Chief Rivers here are Rivers 1. The Meuse which runs but thorough a little part of this Country 2. Geul which washes Valkenburg and falls into the Meuse 3. Weser which watereth Limburg and runs into Liege 4. Bervine which washes Dalem and falls into the Meuse This Province hath but Five Walled Towns and about 120 Villages The Towns are Limburg Cap. to the Spaniards Dalem to the Hollanders Valkenburg to the Hollanders Rolduck to the Hollanders Remborg to the Hollanders I. Limburg Limburg Lat. Limburgum is pleasantly seated upon a steep Rock which overlooks all the Country round about at the bottom thereof runs the River Weser almost round it among several shady Woods It is but a small City for it chiefly consists of one broad short Street neither is it considerable for its beauty the Buildings for the most part being of Wood. But it is of no small consideration for its strength for it is encompassed with a strong Wall and a Trench and the access to it which is on the North side is extreamly
Long. 22 d. 44 m. Lat. 50 d. 24 m. V. Bouchain Bouchain Lat. Bochonium and Buccinium is situated upon the left Bank of the Scheld betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray It is a small Town but well Fortified and has a very good Castle It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand which in Times past belong'd immediately to the Eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault it belongs to the French ever since 1676. and stands 10 Miles S. W. of Valenciennes and 28 W. of Mons. VI. Soignes Soignes is a small inconsiderable Town on the River Senne Eight Miles N. E. of Mons. VII Roccles Roccles is also a small open Town Eight Miles almost N. E. of Mons. VIII Quesnoy Quesnoy is a small Town but pretty considerable for its strength Subject to the French since 1654. It stands Seven Miles S. E. of Valenciennes and 18 S. W. of Mons. IX Bavay Bavay is a little Town about Six Miles S. W. of Mons. X. Maubeuge Maubeuge is a strong rich little Town on the River Sambre 10 Miles S. of Mons. XI Beaumont Beaumont is a little Town Nine Miles E. of Maubeuge and 15 S. E. of Mons Subject to the French and demolish'd by them in 1691. XII Landrecy Landrecy Lat. Landrecium seated on the Fountain of the River Sambre is small but strongly Fortified and Famous for the Sieges it has endured The Emperor Charles V. Besieged it in 1542. for Six Months with 150000 Men and retired from it at last without success By the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. it was left to the French It stands 15 Miles S. W. of Maubeuge and 23 S. of Mons. XIII Avesnes Avesnes is a pleasant and well Fortified Town upon the River Hepre in le pays entre Sambre Meuse it was granted to the French by the Pyrenaean Treaty and stands 10 Miles S. of Maubeuge and 30 W. of Cambray XIV Chimay Chimay seated on the River la Blanche or the White is at the entrance of the Forests Six Leagues from Avesnes notwithstanding what it has suffered by the almost continual Wars it is now very well re-establish'd and has a fine Castle It stands 21 Miles S. E. of Maubeuge XV. Marienburg Marienburg stands on the River Blanche it derives its Name from Mary of Austria Queen of Hungary and Governess of the Low Countries who Built it in 1542. It s situation is so advantageous that it was look'd upon as impregnable Yet the French took it and kept it by the Pyrenaean Treaty and have since dismantled it It lyes 29 Miles S. E. of Mons. XVI Philippeville Philippeville was Built by the same Queen Mary of Hungary in 1555. and called by the Name of King Philip. Besides its Situation that is naturally strong it was excellently well fortified to oppose the French who are Masters of it now according to the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands 11 Miles W. of Charlemont 15 S. of Charleroy 20 S. W. of Namur and 24 S. E. of Mons. Places of Hainault belonging to the Spaniards I. Lessines LEssines or Lessin Lat. Lessina is a small City on the River Dender famous for the Manufactory of Linnen it stands 18 Miles N. of Mons 20 almost W. of Brussels and 22 S. of Ghent Long. 23 d. 8 m. Lat. 50 d. 50 m. II. Aeth At h or Aeth is not very large but Beautiful Rich and well Fortified seated upon the River Dender It was taken by the French in 1667. and confirmed to them by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle but restored to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen It stands on the Borders of Flanders 14 Miles almost N. W. of Mons. III. Enghien Enghien or Anguien is a small place on the Borders of Brabant and Flanders noted for its Manufactories of all sorts of Tapestries and for being the first Barony of the Provinces which gives the Title of Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon It stands 16 Miles N. of Mons. Two or three Miles S. of Enghien is the Village Steenkirk by the River Senne and Famous for the Battel that was fought there betwixt the Confederates Army and the French in 1692. The loss of Men was almost equal but the French carried the Day IV. Halle Halle is a small dismantled Town on the River Sennes plundered by the French in 1691. It stands 21 Miles almost N. E. of Mons. V. Braine-le-Comte Braine-le-Comte is another small inconsiderable Town nigh the Borders of Brabant between Brussels and Mons 13 Miles off the former and 14 off the latter VI. Fontain or l'Evesque Fontain or l'Evesque is also an inconsiderable Town of Hainault on the Borders of Namur 16 Miles E. of Mons. Article XI Of Cambresis Lat. Cameracensis Ager CAmbresis is bounded on the North and East with Hainault on the West with Artois Bounds and on the South with Picardy It s Extent South-East and North-West is about 30 Miles Extent and West about 16. This Country is very fruitful in all things except Wine Quality and has a Castle called Castle Cambresis where in 1559. there was concluded a Peace between Spain and France which last gave 98 considerable Places for St. Quentin Ham and Catelet The Chief Rivers here are 1. Scheld which washes Crevecoeur and Cambray Rivers and runs into Hainault 2. Selle which washes Castle or Chateau Cambresis and runs into Hainault 3. Sambre which goes through a little part of this Country and runs into Hainault The Cities or Walled Towns are but Three in number viz. Cambray Archb. Cap. Crevecoeur Chateau Cambresis Which are all under the French I. Cambray Cambray Lat. Cameracum seated upon the Scheld is great fair well Built and one of the strongest Towns of Europe with Two Cittadels in it Some Authors write that Camber King of the Sicambrians was the Founder of it Claudion King of France Conquered it in 445. and afterwards it fell to Charles the Bald in 843. and 870. after the Death of Lothaire II. and sometimes after it became the Subject of War between the Kings of France the Emperors of Germany and the Counts of Flanders Baldwin I. Count of Flanders took it and gave it to his Son Raoul The Emperors declared it a free Town but for all that the French never quitted their Claim to it In 1542. Francis I. of France consented it should be Neuter but the Emperor Charles V. took it the Year after and kept the Inhabitants in awe by a Cittadel Built at their own Expences It changed Masters some time after when the Duke of Alencon Brother to King Henry III. was made Count of Flanders in 1582. He was also Master of Cambray and left it to John Montiu Sieur of Belagny who soon after join'd himself to the League and afterwards made Peace with Henry IV. who made him Prince of Cambray and Mareschal of France in 1594. but the Spaniards surprised this Town and forced him to deliver them the Cittadel the 9th of October 1595. The Inhabitants
some deriving it from the German word Reyn which signifies Flowing hitherward or Rein which signifies clearness and purity because it was formerly made a Test of Conjugal Chastity for as Hoffman relates the Ancient Inhabitants about the Rhine did use to try the Legitimacy of Children by throwing them into it reckoning such as sunk to be Bastards but those who swam were look'd upon as lawfully begot Hence Claudian Et quos Nascentes explorat gurgite Rhenus It was also called Aurifer by some because of the Gold found mix'd with its Sand. The Rhine was the Ancient Boundary betwixt France and Germany Constantine the Great begun a Bridge over this River at Cologne to strike terror into the French Charlemaign built a wonderful one of Wood over it at Mentz of 500 paces long which was burnt by a casual Fire about a year before his Death In the Description I design to make of the Course of the Rhine I shall confine my self to that which is most remarkable both in the Treaties of Peace and in the present and former Wars between Germany and France That is from its entrance into Alsatia down to the Fort Schenk in the Low-Countries which comprehends six different Territories viz. 1. Alsatia Strasburg Bish 2. Palatinate of the Rhine Heidelberg 3. Electorate of Mayence Mayence or Mentz Arch. 4. Electorate of Treves Treves or Triers Arch. 5. Electorate of Cologne Cologne or Ceulen Arch. 6. The Succession of Cleves and Juliers Cleves Juliers Article I. Of Alsatia Lat. Alsatia Germ. Elsalsz THIS Province has the Rhine on the East The Palatinate on the North Bounds Lorrain on the West And Suntgaw or County or Ferrete with some part of Franche Comte and Switzerland on the South It s extent Extent South and North is about 100 Miles including Suntgaw and East and West about 50 including Brisgaw It is reputed to have been the seat of the Ancient Tribocchi or Triboces who retained their name till the time of Charlemaign The Romans were Masters of it near 500 years then it was under the Kings of the France till Otho I. By Otho II. it was erected into a Landgraviat and the House of Austria enjoyed it till the Usurpations of the French in the late Wars made it a Wilderness by their unheard of Devastations And afterwards it was sold to Lewis XIV of France with Suntgaw and Brisac by Ferdinand Charles Archduke of Inspruck in 1648. for the sum of three Millions French Livers and so the Emperor was forced to resign it to the French Crown by the Treaty of Munster in the same year 1648. The Spaniard resigning his Right also by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. This is one of the best watered Parts of all Germany and most fertile in Wines Corn Quality Fruits Pastures Its Mountains have several Silver Brass and Lead-Mines Yet it is ill peopled because a Frontier and the Seat of War It is in many places over-grown with Wood and has abundance of Iron-works which brings Money into the Country the Woods being upon the Bank of the Rhine do secure the Country against the Rapidity of that River This Province has 46 Walled Towns 50 Castles Cities c. Villages and a great number of Villages It is divided into Vpper and Lower Alsatia and into five Parts including Suntgaw Brisgaw and Ortnaw of which these three Suntgaw Vpper-Alsatia and Lower-Alsatia are on the left side of the Rhine and Brisgaw and Ortnaw on the Right Alsatia with its dependencies is divided into five Parts 1. Lower Alsatia where are Strasburg Bish Cap. To the French Schelestad To the French Weissenburg To the French Landau To the French Molsheim To the French Saverne To the French Haguenau To the French Seltz To the French Ober Ruheim To the French Bentheim To the French Andlaw To the French Lauterburg To the French Inguiller To the French Hoksstein County To the French 2. Vpper-Alsatia where are Colmas Cap. To the French Ensisheim To the French Rufech To the French Munster in Gregorienthal To the French Marbach To the French Keisersperg To the French 3. Suntgaw Lat. Suntgovia has Upper Alsatia on the N. the Rhine on the E. the Bishoprick of Basil on the S. and Franche Comte on the W. the principal places in it are Ferrete County Cap. To the French Alskirk To the French Befo rt To the French Hunningen To the French Mulhausem Imp. and Free 4. Brisgaw or Brisgou Lat. Brisgovia or Brisgoia lies between the Rhine on the W. and the black Forest on the E. The principal Towns in it are Brisac To the French Fribourg Cap. To the French Neweburg to the Emp. 5. Ortnaw Lat. Ortnavia lies between the Rhine on the W. Brisgaw on the S. the Dutchy of Wurstenberg on the East and the Palatinate on the South the most remarkable places there are Ofemburg Cap. Imper. Gengenbach Imper. Baden Marq. Durlach Marq. Pfortzheim to the French Remarkable Towns of Lower Alsatia I. Strasburg STrasburg Lat. Argentoratum or Argentina or Tribocorum and Tribocum and by some Moderns Strasburgum is the Capital City of Alsatia and one of the fairest of Germany It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mentz and was for many Ages a Free and Imperial City seated in the midst of a great Plain upon the little River Ill where it falls into the Breusche about one Mile from the Rhine over which it has a Timber Bridge of great length This is a place of very great strength and Wealth and so ancient that it is said to have been built Ann. M. 1955. The Arsenal and Town-house do well deserve the view of Strangers and the Cathedral dedicated to the Blessed Virgin their Admiration not only for the Magnificence and vastness of the Structure and its Gates of Brass but more particularly for its Steeple called Tower of Mynster which is Pyramidal and of a Structure that lies all open and pervious to the light being the most esteemed for its Workmanship of any other steeple in Christendom It is 574 Foot high and has 700 steps but that which is most of all admired is the Clock Work which besides the Hours of the Day represents the motions of the Planets In the year 1440 or thereabouts the Art of Printing was first invented by one John Guttenburg a Citizen of Strasburg who removed about the same time to Mentz and there mostly used and improved this noble Art so that a mighty contest has been managed between Harlem Strasburg and Mentz which of them shall have the honour of this Invention In 1529. This City embraced the Protestant Religion and the year following entred a League with the Reformed Cantons for her Defence since that time its Government was Republican till September 1681. that the French King having before possess'd himself of all Alsatia suddenly surprized this important Place in a time of Peace when no body suspected it which may be ascribed to the Pride and Folly of the
Town and their over-great Love of Liberty by refusing 500 men the Emperor offered them for their security The old Fortifications of this Town were but a double Wall and a Fausse-braye so that it was not capable of making a long resistance but the French have fortified it very strongly There is a Cittadel built on that side that goeth to the Rhine and towards the Bridge there is a Horn-Work that runs a great way There are also two small Forts at the two chief Gates which lead toward Alsatia so that in case of a Revolt they can cut off all Communication with the Country There are also Forts in some Islands of the Rhine and some Redoubts so that all round this place there is one of the greatest Fortifications in Europe The Capitulations made with the French have not been hitherto well observed yet there is not above 200 Romish Converts This City is already sunk in its Trade and will sink more when the Fortifications are finish'd There is an University founded by the Senate in 1538. Strasburg stands 55 miles N. of Basil 140 W. of Ausburg 64 S. E. of Heidelberg and 70 E. of Nancy Long. 27 d. 26 m. Lat. 48 d. 28 m. II. Selestad Selestad or Schlestad situated on the River Ill was formerly free and imperial and of the Government of Haguenaw but now belongs to the Crown of France left to it by the Peace of Westphalia Its Fortifications were demolished in 1673. but new built in 1675. so that it is now a place of considerable strength It stands 21 Miles S. of Strasburg III. Weissemburg Weissemburg or Cron Weissemburg to distinguish it from Weissemburg in Bavaria is situate upon the River Luter in the Territory of Wasgow towards the Borders of the Palatinate of the Rhine Dagobert King of France built here a celebrated Monastery in 623. which in 1496. was chang'd into a College By the Peace of Munster this Place was granted to France In 1673. it suffered much by the Germans but is now rebuilding It stands 24 Miles N. of Strasburg IV. Landaw Landaw Lat. Landavia is situate upon the River Queick in the Confines of the Palatinate and Territory of Wasgow It was yielded to France by the Peace of Munster The French having plunder'd most Towns of the Palatinate and a great part of Schwaben In 1688. laid the booty up here where all was burnt by an accidental Fire May 1689. This place stands 13 Miles W. of Philipsburg and 16 S. of Spire Long. 27 d. 50 m. Lat. 49 d. 3 m. V. Molsheim Molsheim is a little Town on the River Brenche eight Miles W. of Strasburg the residence of the Prebendary of Strasburg VI. Saverne Saverne Lat. Taberna Alsatiae is seated at the foot of some Mountains near the Frontiers of Lorrain upon the River Lor in the Road that goes to Strasburg It is the usual residence of the Bishop of Strasburg who is Lord of it Near this place Anthony Duke of Lorrain defeated the Lutherans in 1525. It stands 16 Miles nigh W. of Strasburg VII Haguenaw Haguenaw Lat. Hagenoa is seated on the River Mater scarce two Leagues from the Rhine and about three N. from Strasburg it was an Imperial City and the Chief of the lower Alsace before it fell to the French The Emperor Barbarossa first Walled it about in 1164. and built a Palace therein Being seated in a Sandy unfruitful Soil the old Landgraves of Alsace did chiefly resort thither for the Conveniency of Hunting The other places of lower Alsace such as Seltz Ober Ruheim c. are not of great consideration Remarkable Towns of Vpper Alsatia I. Colmar COlmar Lat. Colmaria and Columbaria or according to others Argentuaria is an Imperial Town under the French and the Capital of Upper Alsace upon the River Ill. The Duke of Weymar assisted by the Troops of France made himself Master of this Town in 1633. but this Duke dying Colmar was yielded to the King of France by the Negotiation of the Mareschal of Guebriant and confirm'd upon him by the 47 Article of the Treaty of Westphalia where it is named amongst the Imperial Towns of Alsace Yet afterwards during the Wars of 1674. it was demolish'd and abandoned It It stands 13 Miles W. of Brisac 28 N. of Basil and 33 almost S. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. three m. Lat. 48 d. V. Ensisheim Ensisheim is a small Town once Imperial but now subject to the French 13 Miles S. of Colmar III. Ruffach Ruffach Lat. Rubeacum is a small Town upon the River Roltback in the Territory of Mundal once an Imperial and Free City but taken by the Mareschal of Turenne in 1675. after a great defeat of the Imperialists It 's one of the ancientest Towns in Alsatia and was for the fertility of its Soil for five hundred years the Seat of some of the Roman Nobility It stands 10 Miles S. of Colmar Munster Marbach Keibersperg c. are small Towns of little moment Remarkable Towns in Suntgaw I. Ferrete FErrete Lat. Ferreta which the Germans now call Pfirt stands 22 Miles W. of Basil with the Title of a County It was resigned to the French by the Pacifications of Munster and the Pyrenees II. Hunningen Hunningen is a Village a quarter of a League below Basil situated on the Rhine which the French have render'd very remarkable for the strong Castle they have lately erected there and which gives no little Umbrage and Jealousie to the Swissers This Fort is a regular Pentagon with Lodgings for 3 or 4000 Men Good Ramparts a large Ditch Horn-works Half-Moons and other Outworks Here is also a Bridge over the Rhine lodged partly on an Island which is fortified with an Horn-Work so that it is now one of the strongest Places in Europe being seated in a great Plain and commanded by no rising ground III. Mulhausen Mulhausen on the River Ill was once an Imperial and Free City but in 1515. Leagued with the Swissers and united to Suntgow It stands 13 Miles N. W. of Basil and 17 S. of Colmar but heretofore belonged to Alsatia Remarkable Towns in Brisgaw I. Brisac BRisac Lat. Brisacum or Brisacus Mons stands on a rising ground on the right Bank of the Rhine which has there a fine Stone Bridge This place is esteemed one of the strongest places of Europe whether its Situation be considered or what Art has contributed to render it regular so that some Authors call it the Cittadel of Alsatia Gustavus Horne a Suede made an attempt on this City in 1633. after his great advantages over the Imperialists but the Duke of Feria broke his Measures and threw succours into the Place The Duke of Weymar being sick at Newemburg near Brisac in 1639. the Marquiss of Guebriant possessed himself of this and the other Places which were left to the French King by a Treaty the year following and which have been yielded by the 47th Article of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. and confirmed again by the 60th Article of
the Pyrenaean Treaty Brisac has given its name to Brisgaw and has been in former times its Capital but since Fribourg has carried it Brisgaw belonged formerly to the Dukes of Leringuen and afterwards to the Earls of Furstemburg Hugh or Hegon sold it in 1367. to the Dukes of Austria to whom the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria had already Mortgaged Brisac about the year 1326. Since that time the Country of Brisgaw has always belong'd to the House of Austria till the French made themselves Masters of the most Part. Brisac tho' a Notable Fortification is but a Miserable Town It stands 26 Miles N. of Basil and 30 S. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. 22 m. Lat. 48 d. II. Fribourg Fribourg Lat. Friburgum is the Capital City of Brisgaw seated upon the little River of Threseim at the end of a Fertile Plain and upon a rising Ground where the black Mountain begins Albert VI. Duke of Austria Founded in it a University and a Sovereign Chamber the Jurisdiction of which reach'd once a great way but now not above Four Miles The Swedes took it three times in 1632. 1634. and 1638. This Town is Renowned for its Riches and other Advantages and for a Famous Battel that the Duke of Anguien since Lewis Prince of Conde won there in 1644. in which General Merci was Killed Mareschal Crequi took it in 1677. for Lewis XIV after a Siege of Seven or Eight Days It is a large and well peopled City regularly Fortified with several Churches and Religious Houses in it This is also the Residence of the Chapter of Basil from which place it stands 26 Miles almost N. and 10 Miles E. of Brisac Long. 27 d. 31 m. Lat. 47 d. 58 m. III. Newenburg Newenburg is a decaying Place on the Rhine 14 Miles S. of Brisac once Imperial but now Subject to the Emperor Remarkable Places in Ortnaw I. Ofemburg OFemburg Lat. Offemburgum is an Imperial free City in Schwaben and the Capital of Ortnaw seated upon the River Kintzig about one League from the Rhine and Eight Miles S. E. of Strasburg Long. 27 d. 37 m. Lat. 48 d. 23 m. It is under the protection of the House of Austria II. Gengenbach Gengenbach is a little Imperial free City on the River Kintzig 14 Miles S. E. of Strasburg It is also protected by the House of Austria III. Baden Baden or Bade Lat. Bada and Thermae Inferiores with the Title of Marquisate is a small neat City Famous for its Baths This Marquisate is upon the Rhine between Brisgaw and the Dutchy of Wirsemberg Its Marquesses are Princes of the Empire and are of a very Noble and Ancient Family of which there are two Branches the first is Baden Hocberg and the other Baden Durlach the first is Roman Catholick and the second Lutheran These two Branches act by turns in the Diet of the Empire and in the Circle of Suabia but the Baden Durlach Branch has two Voices one for Durlach and the other for Hocberg The present Prince Lewis of Baden who has been General for the Emperor in Hungary and has rendered his Name Immortal by the great Victories he has obtained against the Turks and who came over into England to Visit Their Majesties in 1694. is of the Branch of Hocberg and the yâ—ung Prince his Nephew that came with him of that of Durlach This Town is subject to the Branch of Durlach and stands 22 Miles N. E. of Strasburg 34 almost S. of Spire and 40 N. W. of Tubingen Long. 27 d. 52 m. Lat. 48 d. 38 m. IV. Durlach Durlach is a Town and very good Castle of the Marquisate of Baden having â—lso the Title of Marquisate it give its Name to a Branch of the Family of Baden and is named Doâ—â—â—cum in Latin It is Subject to its own Prince and stands 16 Miles N. E. of Baden V. Pfortzheim Pfortzheim is a small Town in the Marquisate of Baden on the Rivers Entz and Nagold 17 Miles nigh S. of Philipsburg and 27 N. E. of Baden It was taken by the French in 1691. left and taken again in 1692. Article II. The Palatinate of the Rhine Lat. Palatinatus Inferior Germ. Psaltz auff Rhein or Nider Pfaltz THE Palatinate of the Rhine or lower Palatinate to distinguish it from the upper Bounds which lyes on the Danube and belongs to the Duke of Bavaria according to the Treaty of Munster who formerly enjoyed both Borders on the North the Archbishoprick of Mentz on the West Lorrain and the Archbishoprick of Triers on the South Alsatia and on the East Franconia and Suabia or Schwaben It s Extent Extent South and North is about 80 Miles and almost as many West and East including the Bishoprick of Spire The Air is here good and wholesom tho' somewhat Cold Quality The Soil extreamly fruitful in delicate Wines Corn and Pastures There are also several Mines of Agath and Jasper and fine Gold is drawn out of the Sand of the Rhine of which they Coin very good Ducats which bear the Name of that River The Rivers Rivers here are the Rhine and the Neckar which falls into that at Manheim The Country takes its Name from the Office of Count Palatine Name of Palatinate bestowed by the Emperor on those who Administred Justice in his Name to the Empire of which there was two one on the Rhine who had the Charge of Franconia and the Neighbouring Countries and the other in Saxony History and other Countries Subject to the Saxon Law Hence it is that the Electors of Saxony or the Elector Palatine or Elector of Bavaria are Vicars of the Empire in their respective Provinces when there is an Interregnum by the Emperors Death or otherwise At first the Count Palatine of the Rhine had no Possessions on that River but in process of time got them by Marriage Purchase or Imperial Gift and formed a very considerable Principality so that besides several Fiefs betwixt Coblentz and Andernach and in Juliers and besides the Dutchies of Newburg Saltzbach and Deuxponts and other dependencies on them it has divers more Dutchies and Counties The Family of the Princes Palatine of the Rhine is descended from Otho the Illustrious Duke of Bavaria who died in 1245. leaving two Sons Lewis II. Count Palatine of the Rhine and Elector and Henry XIII Duke of Bavaria The Elector Frederick III. begun in 1576. to entertain many Protestant Families in his Dominions who fled from the Low Countries His Successors doing the like did thereby mightily enrich the Countrey This Prince made his Revenues very considerable by the Reformation Right of Conduct to Strangers Toll upon Merchandizes that pass'd his Territories and the Title he had to the Goods of Strangers or those who died without Will in his Dominions Frederick the IIId was Succeeded by his Son Lewis the IVth who turned Protestant and was Succeeded by Frederick the IVth who also abandon'd Popery He Married Louise Daughter to the Prince of Orange by whom
he had Frederick the Vth. who was Chosen King of Bohemia in 1619. but Dethroned after the Battel of Prague in 1620. and his Territories were given to the Duke of Bavaria with the Dignity of Elector He died at Mentz in 1632. leaving behind him three Sons by Elizabeth Daughter of James the First of Great Brittain viz. Charles Robert and Edward Robert commonly called Prince Robert and well known in England was Created Duke of Cumberland and Died without Legitimate Issue Edward Died a Papist at Paris in 1663. leaving three Daughters by Princess Ann of Mantua one of them viz. Anne Married to the Prince of Conde Charles had part of his Fathers Inheritance restored to him by the Peace of Munster in 1648. and a Eighth Electorate was Created in his behalf viz. that of the Palatine of the Rhine and the Upper Palatinate remained in the Duke of Bavaria's Hands The Elector Charles Married Charlotte Daughter to the Landtgrave of Hesse Cassel by whom he had Charles and Elizabeth Charlotte who was Married to the Duke of Orleans only Brother to King Lewis the XIVth of France Charles Succeeded his Father in the Electorate and in 1671. Married Wiellielmine Ernestine Daughter to Frederick the IIId King of Denmark He died in 1685. without Issue and was Succeeded by Philip William Duke of Newburg a Popish Prince In 1688. and 1689. The French entered his Territories and laid most part of them wa st on pretence of the Allodial Claim'd by the Dutchess of Orleans Sister to the late Elector who died without Issue This Country is divided in two viz. the Palatinate properly so called and the Dominions of several particular Princes adjoining to it The Palatinate properly so called where are Heidelberg Cap. Manheim Frankendal Openheim Caub Creutznach Newstat Keiserslautern Bacharach Simmeren Earld Ingelheim Places adjoining to the Palatinate and Subject to several Princes Spire Imper. Bish Wormes Imper. Bish Philipsburg to the French Darmstat Landgraviat Deux-Ponts Dutchy Birkenfeld Earld Mont-Royal Remarkable Towns in the Palatinate of the Rhine I. Heidelberg HEildelberg Lat. Heilderberga which some think to be the Budoris of the Ancients is Metropolis of the Palatinate of the Rhine seated at the foot of an Hill on the Neckar over which it has a Wooden Bridge it is said to have formerly belonged to the Bishoprick of Worms but was granted to Lewis Count Palatine in 1225. It was enlarged by Robert Count Palatine who was Chosen Emperor in 1392. And Rupertus Count Palatine Founded an University here in 1346. This Town is large fair well Built and well Peopled and the usual Residence of the Elector who had a Noble Magnificent and Strong Castle here till the French blew it up in the present War when they were forced to leave it contrary to the Capitulation with the Dauphin in 1688. The Town-House and the Churches of St. Peter and the Holy Ghost are stately Buildings The Wine of this Place is much esteem'd The Castle is also Famous for a great huge Tun commonly called The Tun of Heilderberg The University has great Priviledges one of which is Power of Life and Death over all that belong to it without Power of Revocation or Infringement in the Prince himself This University has been Famous for many great Men and had one of the best Libraries in Europe which Count Tilly sent to Rome in 1622. after he had taken the Town which suffered extreamly in the late German Wars It was taken by the French in 1688. and a little while after burn'd and abandon'd In 1693. Heidelberg was Betrayed to the French King's Troops under the Command of Mareschal De Lorge the City laid in Ashes the Tombs of the Dead Princes and Princesses inhumanely Destroyed and their Corps exposed the Garrison and Inhabitants Cruelly Butchered and the Women after Protection brutishly Ravish'd Part of the Garrison flying to the Castle Capitulated A little while after Heidersdorf the Governour being Condemned to Death by a Council of War at Hailbron was Reprieved but degraded of the Teutonick Order led about the Imperial Camp in a Cart buffetted in a disgraceful manner by the Common Hangman treated with the heighth of Ignominy then Banished and Cudgelled to Death by the Peasants after he was let go by the Executioner Heidelberg stands 13 Miles N. E. of Spire 22 S. E. of Worms 18 N. E. of Philipsburg and 48 almost S. of Francfort Long. 28 d. 27 m. Lat. 49 d. 17 m. II. Manheim Manheim is seated on the Confluent of the Rhine and the Neckar It was taken and ruined by the Spaniards in the beginning of the XIIIth Century but was Rebuilt and handsomly Fortified by Charles Lewis Elector Palatine It was taken and abandoned by the French in 1689. and since that time they have intirely ruined it in a most Barbarous manner It stands 11 Miles almost N. W. of Heidelberg III. Frankendal Frankendal Lat. Franchendalia formerly no more than an Abbey afterwards a Place of Refuge for the Belgian Exiles about 1574. now a new City which was well Fortified scarce a League distant from the Rhine afterwards taken by the Spaniards and restored to the Elector Palatine by the Pacification of Munster but in the present War most cruelly laid in Ashes by the French It stands 18 miles N. W. of Heidelberg VI. Oppenheim Oppenheim Lat. Oppenhemium a small City Imperial and Free until it was granted with its Territory to Rupert Prince Palatine by the Emperor in 1402. It stands upon a Hill near the Rhine 11 miles almost S. of Mentz and 17 N. of Worms The French put a Garrison into it in 1688. and have Ruin'd it since V. Caub Caub is a little Town with the Castle of Gudenfelts on the Rhine against which in the middle of the River is the Castle of Pfaltz whence some but falsly would have the Princes Title of Pfaltzgrave derived VI. Creutznach Creutznach is a little Town on the small River Nake with a strong Castle Subject to the French since 1688. It stands 20 Miles almost S. W. of Mentz VII Newstat Newstat is a small Town seated on the River Spirebach Eight Miles N. of Landau and 15 almost W. of Spire and Philipsburg It is now Subject to the French VIII Keiserslautern Keiserslautern Lat. Caesaropolis is upon the River Lauter near the Dutchy of Deuxponts the French call it Caseloutre they took it in September 1688. under the Marquis of Boufflers after they had been repulsed in two several Storms It stands 28 Miles almost S. W. of Worms 32 W. of Spire and 40 almost S. of Mentz IX Bacharach Bacharach is a small Town on the Rhine once Free and Imperial now belonging to the Elector Palatine It stands 22 Miles W. of Mentz X. Simmeren Simmeren Lat. Simmera is the Capital City of a little Province of the same Name bearing the Title of Earldom This little Place is adorned and strengthned with a very considerable Castle It belongs to the Elector Palatine but is now Subject
of Lorrain This Death was the source of the Civil Wars of Germany in this manner Mary Eleanor the Dukes Eldest Sister Married to Albert Frederick of Brandenburg Duke of Prussia left four Daughters The Elder called Ann was Married to John Sigismond Marquiss of Brandenburg and Elector of the Empire This Elector the Duke of Newbourg the Marquiss of Burgaw and John George of Saxony which three last Married the three younger Sisters pretended all to the Succession John II. of Bavaria Duke of Deux-Ponts Son of John of Bavaria and of Magdalen of Cleves Sister to Mary Eleanor laid his claim and Charles of Gonzague and Cleves Duke of Nevers appeared also because he was cousin by the Mothers side and bore the name too In the mean time the Emperor Rodolphus II. would sequester the Estate pretending also that it was a Fief with an intention perhaps to appropriate it to himself It 's thought that Henry IV. the Great King of France was about taking the Field to decide the Quarrel when he was murthered in 1610. Afterwards the Marquiss of Brandenburg assisted by the Dutch and the Duke of Newburg supported by the Spaniards disputed the Succession by force of Arms which they divided at last The Dutchy of Cleves the Counties of Mark and Ravensberg falling to the first The Dukedoms of Juliers and Berg and the Lordship of Ravestein being left to the Duke of Newbourg The Spaniards under Spinola made themselves Masters of Juliers in 1622. but it was restored to the Duke again in 1659. The Places of Note in the Dutchy of Cleves are Cleves Cap. Emmerick Rees Wesel Meurs County Genep Burich Orsoy Calcar Duysbourg Santen Fort de Skenck I. Cleves Cleves Lat. Clivis or Clivia because it is built in a Place near the Rhine where there are three deep Acclivities or Descents This derivation of Name from the Latin makes some think that the Town was built by the Romans However it is but little yet well peopled and lies upon a little River near the Place where the Rhine divides it self into two Branches and where the Fort Schenck stands There is a square Tower and other remains of old Buildings seen near it which shew that it has formerly been far greater than it is now It stands 12 Miles almost S. E. of Nimeguen and 66 N. W. of Cologne Long. 25 d. 25 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m.. II. Emmerik Emmerik vulgo Embric Lat. Emmerica is a large beautiful and wealthy City seated upon the Rhine between Cleves and the Fort of Schenck being about seven Miles N. E. from the first it belongs to the Marquiss of Brandenburg but was Garrisoned by the Hollanders a long time who took it from the Spaniards in 1600. The Elector of Brandenburg pawned Emmerick Orsoy and Wesel to the Dutch and by the taking of them the French began their Conquest of the Vnited Provinces in 1672. But the year next following they restored them to the Elector III. Rees Rees Lat. Reesium is a small Town upon the Rhine formerly well fortified and garrisoned by the Hollanders tho' it belong'd to the Duke of Brandenburg It was taken from them by the French in 1672. and restored to that Prince in 1674. but first dismantled It stands 12 Miles E. of Cleves IV. Wesel Wesel is a strong City seated upon the Rhine at the Confluence of the Lippe It was taken from the Spaniards by the Hollanders in 1629. and from the Hollanders by the French in 1672. who left it to the Elector of Brandenburg in 1674. after they had dismantled it It has been very well fortified of late by that Prince This Place stands 23 Miles S. E. of Cleves V. Meurs Meurs is a well fortified Town with the Title of County some place it in the Archbishoprick of Cologne It had particular Earls formerly but now belongs to the House of Orange and Nassau and so to our King It stands 28 Miles S. E. of Cleves VI. Genep Genep or Gennep Lat. Gennaptum is a small City well fortified 10 Miles S. W. of Cleves It is seated upon the River Mers where it falls into the Meuse and kept by a Dutch Garrison tho' in the Territories of Brandenburg It was once taken by the Spaniards but recovered by the Hollanders in 1641. VII Burich Burich or Budrick Lat. Burichum and Budrichium or Burunchium is a little Town pleasantly seated on the Rhine and pretty well fortified The Hollanders were formerly Masters of it and it is one of the Four Cities which the French King caused to be attack'd at one and the same time at the opening of the Campaign in 1672. The Marshal Turenne Besieged and carried it It stands 20 Miles E. of Cleves VIII Orsoy Orsoy Lat. Orsovium or Orsocum is a strong Town upon the Rhine _____ Miles of Cleves It was taken by the Prince of Orange in 1634. for the Hollanders and afterwards taken from those by the French in 1672. but abandon'd by them in 1674. IX Calcar Calcar is situated upon the River of Meine a League from the Rhine and two from Cleves to the S. E. It has a Castle and is well fortified the Streets are narrow so that there is nothing considerable but the great Place where the Town-House is X. Duisbourg Duisbourg Lat. Duisburgum is seated on the River Roer belonging to the Elector of Brandenburg it was an Imperial Town formerly but has lost this Privilege It is different from Duisbourg the most Ancient Viscounty of Brabant And stands 35 Miles S. E. of Cleves XI Santen Santen is a large and ancient Town not far off the Rhine Nine Miles W. of Wesel and 15 S. E. of Cleves It is under the Elector of Brandenburg and noted for the finest Church in all that Dutchy wherein are above 30 Altars with the History of the Gospel Carved exquisitely in Timber they have abundance of Relicks here and among other things pretend to a Manuscript of St. Paul's Writing XII Fort de Skenck Fort de Skenck Lat. Arx Skenckia Germ. Schenkenschans is a strong Fort on the Borders of Gelderland in a place where the Rhine dividing it self into two Channels makes the River Wahal and the other Branch keeps the Name of Rhine This Fort takes its Name from the Builder Martin Skenck The Spaniards took it by Surprize from the Hollanders in 1635. who retook it the next Year after a Siege of Eleven Months In 1672. it was taken by the French in two Days and was by them restored to the Duke of Brandenburg in 1674. and in 1679. Mortgaged by that Prince to the Hollanders who are now Masters of it It stands 3 Miles N. of Cleves Dukedom of Juliers THis Dutchy lyes betwixt the Meuse and the Rhine the Country of Cleves and Limburg Bounds the Bishoprick of Liege and the Archbishoprick of Cologne It is about 12 Leagues in length and 7 in breadth Extent The most considerable Places in it are Juliers Cap. Duren Aix la Chapelle Imp. Zulk or
the other from Tarentais to Dauphine It is generally believed to be the Country of the Ancient Brannovices in Caesar tho' Samson be of another Mind The most considerable Places here are St. John of Maurienne Bish Cap. La Chambre Marquisate St. Michael St. Julian St. Andrew Modane Vsse Braman Lanebourg I. St. John of Maurienne St. John of Maurienne or Morienne Lat. Mauriana Sancti Joannis is on the River Arche with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Vienna in Dauphine It is an Unwalled City seated in a Valley on the Frontiers of France The Cathedral Church of St. John has many Tombs of the Dukes of Savoy This City lies 16 Leagues from Grenoble to the East The Valley of Tarentaise Lat. Tarentasia THIS small Province lies between the Fossigny on the North the Alps and the Dutchy of Aost on the East the Valley of Morienne on the South and Savoy Proper on the West The remarkable Places here are Monstiers Archbp. Cap. St. James St. Maurice Briancon Constans Le Bourg I. Monstiers Monstiers Lat. Monasterium formerly Tarentasia and Forum Neronis Centronum is seated upon the Isere with an Archbishops See which has for Suffragans Sion and Aousle It has not been Metropolis but since the eighth Age for before that time all Ecclesiastick Authors agree that it was subject to that of Vienne It stands 16 Miles E. of St. John de Mauscenne 28 E. of Monmelian and 64 N. W. of Turin Long. 26 d. 14 m. Lat. 45 d. seven m. The Barony of Fossigny FOssigni Foucigni or Faussigny Lat. Fociniacum and Fociniensis Tractus with the Title of Barony lies between Genevois and le Valais in a Mountainous Country its ancient Inhabitants were the Focunates or Focuates The most remarkable Places here are Bonneville Cap. Cluse St. Gervais Taninge Salanche Bonneville Bonneville Lat. Bonnopolis is a small Town and Castle on the right Bank of the River Arva over which it has a Wooden Bridge two Leagues from Cluse five from Annecy and about as many from Geneva Bonneville is at the Foot of the Mountains but the Plain on the other side the River Arva belongs to Geneva It is not considerable yet several Noble Families of Savoy as of St. Alban de Millet de Chales c. have had their Original from thence The Dukedom of Chablais Lat. Caballicus Ducatus THis Province Borders the Lake of Geneva to the North The Country of Velay to the East Fossigny to the South and the Territories of Geneva to the West It comprehends the Bailywicks of Tannier and Galliard and the Lands of St. Victor The Romans kept great studs in this Province which for that reason they called Provincia Equestris and Caballica from the last word comes the present Chablais The Places of Note here are Thonon Ripaille Evian Armoy St. John d' Aux or of Aost Thonon Thonon or Tonnon Lat. Tunonium is a small inconsiderable Town on the Lake of Geneva seven Leagues E. of that Town The Genevois Lat. Genevensis Ager THis Province has the River Rhine on the West and North Chablais and Fossigni on the East and Savoy Proper on the South The remarkable Places here are Geneve Bish Free Annecy Cap. Albi. La Roche Tonnes Faverge Manigo Talloir Clairmont Mount St. Martin I. Geneva Geneva or Geneve Lat. Januba Genabum Geneva or Geneventium Civitas is an ancient City of the Allobroges upon the Frontiers of Savoy seated upon the Rhine at the extremity of the Lake Leman now called Lake of Geneva It is a neat large rich City well fortified and has an admirable situation partly upon a Hill partly in a Plain which has the Lake on the North. The Rhine issuing out of the Lake incompasses the City to the West and divides it from that delightful part call'd St. Gervais At the end of the City the Rhine receives the River Arve which is another Rampart of Geneva to the South and besides the defence it draws from those Rivers to the South and West and from the Lake to the North it has very good Fortifications St. Peter's Church is built upon a Hill and was formerly the Cathedral There are in this City several Piazza's a fair Town-House with a Pair of Stairs of particular Workmanship an Arsenal in good order vast Walks and beautiful Streets especially along the Lake The Rivieres or Bank-sides make three different Streets for there is in the middle a Passage for Coaches and Horses with Shops on both sides having Porticco's before them supported with Pillars where you walk securely from the Weather It is a City of great Trade in a Soil abounding with Wine It is very ancient and was very considerable in the time of the Romans as several * See Spon's Antiquities of Geneva Inscriptions testifie After several Revolutions and suffering much by the Incursions of the Barbarians she had Counts of her own of which the most Ancient was Robert or Ratbert in the year 880. After that this City preserved her Liberty for many years under the Imperial protection till being deserted by the Emperors engaged in Civil Dissentions she had recourse to her own Bishops then in great Authority but they embroyling themselves with the Duke of Savoy those Discords strangely afflicted her being already twice consumed by Fire So that she was forc'd to struggle with the succeeding Dukes of Savoy for her Liberty which she did with various Fortune being reduc'd to great extremities by Charles Duke of Savoy after a long Siege And like to have been seized by Emanuel which forc'd her to a strict Alliance with the Cantons of Berne and Friburg by whom she was delivered from her Fears and the Dukes of Savoy brought to an easie composition and Renunciation of their Pretensions But nothing conduced so much to her Establishment as her embracing the Reformation first Preached to her by William Farel her first Minister to whom succeeded Calvin and Beza who both died at Geneva so that after she had renewed a perpetual League with the Cantons before-mentioned by their support in 1535. the Council of Geneva abolished the Roman Religion and forced her Bishop Peter of la Beaume to remove his See to Annecy About 350 years ago this City was twice burnt in seven years time and the change of Religion having heightened its Neighbours Rage against it it suffered a very sharp Siege and miserable Famine in 1584. But yet prevailed so far by the help of the Canton of Zurich that the Duke of Savoy and the Bishop were forced to renounce all their pretensions to it Nor did it reap less glory from its defeating the Nocturnal Scalado of Charles Emanuel in 1602. In these late years the French King has several times threatned this City of a Siege but has been kept from such a design by the fear of breaking with the Switzers The Emperor Charles IV. instituted here an University in 1368. which is still very flourishing Geneva stands 75 Miles N. E. of Lyons 65 S. of Besancon 50 N. of
Chambery 120 N. W. of Turin 120 S. W. of Basil 210 S. E. of Paris and 450 N. W. of Rome Long. 25 d. 38 m. Lat. 46 d. 4 m. II. Annecy Annecy Lat. Annecium is a pretty large Town at the foot of the Mountains of Saymenoz and upon a Lake of the same name The Lake is unfathomably deep four Leagues long and half a League broad and gives rise to the River Tioud which Waters Annecy by divers Channels This Town is the Residence of the titular Bishop of Geneve since 1535. has several Churches and Monasteries and the Houses are built upon Arches so that People may walk in its Streets by any Weather This City stands 22 miles S. of Geneva and 26 N. of Chambery Long. 25 d. 32 m. Lat. 45 d. 37 m. CHAP. II. Piedmont Lat. Pedemontium THE Principality of Piedmont lies betwixt the Milanese and Montferrat to the East Bounds the Republick of Genoa and the County of Nice to the South Extent Savoy and Dauphine to the West and Velais to the North. It is in length about 114. Miles and in breadth 80. This Country was formerly comprehended in Gallia Sub-alpina History and afterwards in Lombardy The Taurins Salassians Segusians Libicians and several other people did heretofore inhabit it But yet it is not well agreed upon how it came to be the possession of the Duke of Savoy The Duke's Eldest Sons bear the Title of Princes of Piedmont It is very considerable for its fertility good Air and the Wealth of the Inhabitants it abounds with Corn Wine Fruits Venison Cattel Hemp Minerals It contains besides Baronies and Lordships 15 Marquisates 52 Earldoms and 160 Walled Towns or Castles This Province may be divided into ten parts viz. 1. The Dukedom of Aost Aost Bish 2. The Principality of Masserene Masseran 3. The Seignory of Verceils Verceils Bish 4. The Marquisate of Ivrea Ivrea Bish 5. The County of Asti Asti Bish 6. Proper Piedmont Turin Archb. Cap. 7. The Marquisate of Susa Suza 8. The Marquisate of Salusses Salusses Bish 9. The Valleys of the Vaudois 10. French Piedmont Pignerol Article I. The Dukedom of Aoste Lat. Ducatus Augustanus THIS Dutchy lies at the foot of the Alps betwixt Valais on the North The Valleys of Sesia and Lordship of Verceil to the East Canavese and Piedmont proper to the South And the County of Tarentaise to the West It is the Country of the ancient Salassi comprehending six large Valleys besides that from whence it is named which the River Doere divides in the middle It is thought that this Dukedom was annexed to Savoy by the Marriage of Count Odon Son to Humbert I. with Adelais of Susa Widow of Hermannus Duke of Suabia in 1030. The remarkable Places here are Aoste Bish Cap. La Sale Morges Issogne Villeneuve St. Martin Chatillon I. Aoste Aoste Lat. Augusta Salassorum or Augusta Praetoria is so called in Latin either as being built by Augustus or else as being a Roman Colony It is a Bishop's see under the Archbishop of Tarentaise and has a Triumphal Arch raised by Augustus remaining almost entire besides a Colossus and several other Monuments of Roman Grandeur This City is 50 Miles E. of Turin and was the Birth-place of the famous Saint Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury Article II. The Principality of Masseran THIS is a small Territory within the Lordship of Verceils the only place of Note here is Massesaw subject to its own Prince who is of the House of Ferrari and is Protected by the Pope The Town stands upon a Hill 18 N. E. of Ivrea 22 N. W. of Verceils and 37 almost N. E. of Turin Long. 27 d. 48 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. Article III. The Lordship of Verceils THIS Lordship lies between Montferrat Ivree and Milanese and is exceeding fertile and well-peopled The places of Note here Verceils Beile Sautia c. I. Verceil Verceil Lat. Vercellae is situate upon the River Sesse with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan It has a good Castle a Cittadel and several Fortifications fine Churches and a famous Hospital This City flourished under the Romans but has had several Masters since their time for it has been a Common-Wealth afterwards under the Dukes of Milan and since under those of Savoy The Spaniards took it from the latter in 1638. but it was restored again by the Peace of the Pyrenees It stands 12 Miles N. of Casal 40 almost N. E. of Turin and as many West of Milan Long. 28 d. 17 m. Lat. 44 d. 50 m. II. Beile Beile is a small Town in the Seigniory of Verceil and the head of a Territory belonging to the Duke of Savoy It stands on a Hill 8 Miles W. of Masseran and 32 N. of Turin Long. 27 d. 43 m. Lat. 45 d. 3 m. Article IV. Marquisate of Ivrea THIS Marquisate lies between the Lordship of Verceil to East The Dukedom of Aost to the North the Marquisate of Suse to the West and part of Montferrat to the South The only place of Note here is Ivrea Bish Cap. Ivrea Lat. Eporedia is upon the River Doriabalta with a Bishop See under the Archbishop of Turin and a Marquisate belonging to the Duke of Savoy This City according to the Opinion of some Authors was Built two Years before the Birth of our Saviour in the Country of the Ancient Salassi and gave its Name to this Marquisate which formerly was so famous under Berengarius who contended for the Empire with the French descended from the Kings of Arles Anscharius was Marquiss of Ivrea which came under the Dominion of the Duke of Savoy in 870. This City is of great importance to the Duke of Savoy having a good Castle and other Fortifications It has been an Imperial City but the Emperor Frederick II. and William Count of Holland gave it to Thomus II. in 1242. And in 1344. John Marquiss of Montferrat yielded to Amadaeus VI. the Right he had to it It stands 22 Miles N. of Turin 29 E. of Susa and 32 W. of Verceil Long. 27d 33 m. Lat. 44 d. 55 m. The Canavese Between the City of Ivree and the River Po is the Country called Canavese which was heretofore part of Montferrat but now belongs to Piedmont since it was left to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Querasque in 1631. There are no considerable Places in it Article V. The County of Asti THis County is incircled in Montferrat and has but Two Remarkable Places viz. Asti and Verua I. Asti Asti or Ast Lat. Asta is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Milan This City is seated on the River Tanare large and well fortified with a strong new Castle and Cittadel The County formerly depended upon the State of Milan but in 1531. Charles V. gave it to Charles III. Duke of Savoy It stands 16 Miles S. W. of Casal and 26 E. of Turin Long. 28 d. 2 m. Lat. 44 d. 28 m. II. Verua Verua lyes upon an Eminence and
is very well fortified The Spaniards laid Siege to it but to little purpose in 1625. It stands upon the Frontiers of Montferrat and the Banks of the Po 16 Miles N. E. of Turin Article VI. Proper Piedmont Piedmont properly so called lyes between the Montferrat on the East the Republick of Genoa on the South the Marquisate of Salusses on the West and the Marquisate of Suse and part of Montferrat to the North. The Principal Towns and Cities here are Turin Archb. Cap. Mondovis Bish Ceve Marq. Fossano Bish Rivoli Carignan Princip Vigon Savillano Coni Quieras Quiers Moncalier Orbassan I. Turin Turin Lat. Taurinum or Augusta Taurinorum is seated in a vast Plain having the River Po on the right and the Doire on the left It is the Residence of the Dukes of Savoy who have spared nothing to render it one of the pleasantest and strongest Towns of Italy It is adorned with a Senate a Chamber of Accounts an Archbishops See and an University There is the Old and New City with good Bastions Walls and Out-works The Duke's Palace is very Ancient and Magnificent especially the Gallery which is finely Embellish'd with a great number of Paintings Statues Arms Manuscripts and other Rarities There is also to be seen the Genealogies of the Dukes of Savoy the Coelestial Signs very well represented and 30000 Volumes in the Library There are also several other Beautiful Palaces in the Town with a great number of Noble-Men that form the Duke's Court which is one of the most Polisht of Europe The Streets are fine the Houses well Built the Churches very Magnificent The Cathedral is that of St. John which boasts of having many Relicks especially our Saviour's Winding-sheet There is a strong Cittadel flank'd with Five good Bastions and Built by the pattern of that of Antwerp Turin stands 20 Miles nigh E. of Pignerol 78 almost W. of Milan 100 almost E. of Grenoble and 120 S. E. of Geneva Long. 27 d. 26 m. Lat. 44 d. 34 m. II. Mondovis Mondovis Mondovi or Mondevi Lat. Mons Vici or Mons Regalis is seated at the foot of Mount Apennin two Leagues from the River Tanare with a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Turin It is large and the best Inhabited of all Piedmont after Turin There is an University and a Cittadel Built in 1573. by Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy on a Hill which produces fine white Marble This City stands 27 Miles S. of Turin III. Ceve Ceva is a little Town and Castle Eight Miles S. E. of Mondovi It is the Capital of the Country of the Langhes and has the Title of a Marquisate The Country about is full of Game especially Pheasants and Partridges IV. Fossano Fossano Lat. Fossanum is seated on the River Stura with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Turin erected by Gregory XIII It stands 24 Miles S. of Turin V. Rivoli Rivoli is a small Town on the River Dora about 7 Miles W. of Turin It has a very Sumptuous Castle VI. Carignan Carignan is situated upon the Po over which it has a fine Bridge with the Title of Principality It has a strong Castle and its Soil abounds with Mulberry-Trees for the Silk-worms Thomas Francis of Savoy Fifth Son of Charles Emanuel first of that Name Duke of Savoy and Catharine Michelle of Austria bore in this Age the Title of Prince of Carignan He was great Master of France and died in 1656. In 1625. he Married Mary of Bourbon Daughter to Charles of Bourbon and begot on her Joseph Emanuel John who died in 1656. Eugen Maurice Count of Soissons Annudeus Ferdinand Charlotte Christine both dead young and Louise Christine Married to Ferdinand Maximilian Carignan was taken by the French in 1691. and retaken in the same Year by the Duke of Savoy It stands 8 Miles S. of Turin VII Vigon Vigon is a little but fortified Place by the River Chison 13 Miles S. W. of Turin VIII Savillano Savillano or Savigliano Lat. Savilianum is a great Town upon the River Magra under the Duke of Savoy between Fossano to the East and Salusses to the West six Miles from either and 22 S. of Turin It is the Head of the Territory that bears its Name and has a very pleasant and advantageous Situation between two Rivers which renders it capable of being made very strong wherefore also Philibert Emanuel Duke of Savoy thought to make it the Capital of his Dominions IX Coni. Coni Lat. Cuneum is a strong Town and Castle Situated upon a Hill at the Confluent of two little Rivers the Stura and Ges It s Situation renders it naturally strong It held out against Francis I. but in 1641. the Count De Harcourt under Lewis XIII made himself Master of it Lewis the XIVth was not so Successful in 1691. for he was forced to raise the Siege This Town stands 35 Miles S. of Turin X. Quieras Quieras is a small but strong City situate upon a Hill by the River Tanare It was there that in 1631. a Peace was made between France the Empire the Spaniards the Duke of Savoy and that of Modena This Town stands 30 Miles S. E. of Turin XI Quiers Quiers or Chieri is very strong by its Situation It was formerly a fine City and a Republick but is now Subject to the Duke of Savoy This Place is very famous for the Fustians that are made there and for the Seed its Soil furnishes the Dyers withal The Count of Harcourt won a Battel near it from the Spaniards It stands Seven Miles almost E. of Turin XII Moncalier Moncalier is a small Town upon the Po nigh Four Miles S. of Turin XIII Orbassan Orbassan is a little Village Six Miles S. W. of Turin remarkable by the Battel fought near it Octob. 4. 1693. See Pignerol Article VII The Marquisate of Susa THis Dutchy Borders the County of Morienne in Savoy to the North Piedmont proper to East and South and Mount Genevre to the West The only Place of Note here is Suse Suse Lat. Susa Capital of the Marquisate of the same Name is upon the River Doere at the foot of the Alpes Cottiae now called Mount Cenis and Mount Genevre which separate Piedmont from Dauphine Some Learned Men take this to be the place where Augustus Erected his Trophy fourteen years before the Birth of our Saviour the Inscription being still to be seen on a Triumphal Arch in this City But others place it at the foot of the Maritime Alps near to a place called Tourbie by a corruption of the word Trophie and is confirmed by a piece of Stone on which are seen part of the Letters composing these words Gentes Alpinae Devictae with the Names of some other Nations Some are of Opinion that Augustus caused the same Trophy to be Erected in two several Places and so endeavour to reconcile both these Opinions The Sepulchre of Cottus whence the Cottian Alps take their Name was to be seen in this Town The adjacent Country abounds with Wine
in 1692. after a memorable Siege and Blockade Waradin stands 75 Miles almost N. of Temeswar 90 Nigh W. of Weissenburg 114 N. of Belgrade and as many E. of Buda Long. 42 d. 55. m. Lat. 47 d. 15 m. X. Segedin Segedin or Seged Lat. Segodunum is the Capital of the Country of Bodroch on the River Teys or Tibisc near the Mouth of the River Merish 55 Miles E. of Colocza 64 S. W. of Waradin and 104 S. E. of Buda Long. 42 d. Lat. 46 d. 26 m. It was taken by the Turks in 1552. and retaken by the Imperialists in 1686. without much resistance after the taking of Buda XI Temeswar Temeswar is a large and very strong City upon the River Temes whence it has its Name towards the borders of Transilvania The Turks took it in 1552. and have fortified it since to that degree that they now esteem it impregnable It s indeed the strongest place they have It is the Seat of a Bassa and the Capital oâ— a Beglerbegtick or Government something like a County bounded on the North by Chaunad and Transylvania on the West by the Tibisc on the South by the Danube and on the East by Moldavia This City stands 54 Miles N. E. of Belgrade 75 S. of Great Waradin and 160 S. E. of Buda Long. 43 d. 24 m. Lat. 46 d. 6 m. XII Giulia Giulia or Gula Lat. Julia is a small but fortified City seated on the Lake Zarkad by the River Feketekerez and upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It was taken by the Turks in 1566. and by them afterwards Mortgaged to the Prince of Transylvania from whom they have taken it of late It stands 28 Miles S. of Great Waradin and 52 N. W. of Temeswar XIII Montgatz Montgatz or Munkatz is a Fortress in the Earldom of Pereczas situated on a steep Rock with a Borough at the Foot of it well shut up and surrounded with a Ditch full of Water A great Marsh is about this Place so that it seems Nature has made it impregnable The Fortress contains three Castles the first and highest commanding the second and the second above the third all three surrounded with a Ditch wrought in the Rock and the passages from one to another is over three Bridges The Princess Ragotski Count Tekely's Wife defended this place against a powerful Army which was forced to raise the Siege but after a Blockade of many years being not able to pay her Troops she Capitulated in 1688. and surrendred the Town to the Emperor and was conducted to Vienna with her Children where she was to live quietly without corresponding with her Husband Montgatz stands 126 Miles nigh E. of Buda Long. 43 d. 8 m. Lat. 48 d. 28 m. XIV Zatmar Zatmar is a little but well Fortified Town in the Mountains of Vpper-Hungary upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It is Capital of a Country lately erected into a County and belongs to the Emperor Teckely made himself Master of it in 1680. but the Emperor has regained it since This Town stands incircled with the River Samosch 25 Miles almost S. of Montgatz XV. Ungwar Vngwar or Vnghuar lies at the foot of Mount Crapach incircled with the River Vngh upon the Frontiers of Red-Russia It is the Capital of a County of the same name more considerable for its situation and strength than for any other advantage The Hungarian Historians pretend that this Town or River gave its Name to their Kingdom Count Teckely was master of this place and kept there his treasures with the best things he had because he thought it impregnable by its situation but in 1685. the Imperialists made themselves Masters of it This Town stands 42 Miles N. W. of Zatmar XVI Novigrad Novigrad is a small but very strong Town in the County of the same name It is defended by a Castle built upon a Rock and encompassed with a Ditch four and thirty foot deep cut in the same Rock which makes it almost Impregnable In 1594. the Germans took it from the Turks who re-took it in 1663. but it is now again under the Emperor It stands 16 Miles almost E. of Gran and 22 N. of Buda XVII .. Pest Pest Lat. Pestum is a great and fine Town situate upon the Danube over against Buda from whence it yields a delightful prospect by reason of its Walls Towers and Mosques There is a fine Bridge of Boats of half a Mile long betwixt them It has often been taken both by the Turks and Christians and is now under the Emperor of Germany since 1686. XVIII Esperie Esperie is a strong Town on the River Tarkzal It is the Capital of the County of Saros and is famous for its Fairs and Salt Mines It is subject to the Emperor and stands 14 Miles off the borders of Poland and 15 N. of Cassovia Long. 41 d. 57 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. XIX Saros or Scaros Saros is a strong Castle in a County of the same name subject to the Emperor It stands upon a Hill two or three Miles almost N. of Esperie XX. Tokay Tokay is a very strong Town and Cittadel seated in an Island made by the River Teys and Bodroch It is the Capital of the County of Semlin Count Teckely made himself Master of it in 1683. but the Emperors Forces retook it in 1685. It stands 66 Miles almost N. of Great Waradin and 74 E. of Buda XXI Brodrogh Bodrogh or Bodroch is seated on the Danube and was formerly the Capital of a County of the same name It is in the possession of the Imperialists since the Conquest of Buda and Segedin in 1686. and stands 90 Miles S. E. of the former and 30 W. of the latter XXII Chonad Chonad Lat. Canadis is situated on the River Mericz not far from the Place where it empties it self into the Teys upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It is a Capital of a County of the same name subject heretofore to the Grand Signior but in the possession of the Imperialists since 1685. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Colocza and stands 15 Miles E. of Segedin XXIII Jeno Jeno or Geno is a strong Castle in the County of Waradin subject to the Turks It stands on the River Feketekerez 17 Miles S. of Great Waradin XXIV Kallo Kallo is a Town of Vpper-Hungary seated in a kind of a Lake on the River Kello It is subject to the Emperor and stands 24 Miles S. E. of Tokay and 48 almost N. of Great Waradin XXV Zemlin Zemlin is the Capital of a County of the same name seated on the River Bodrach among several Branches 24 Miles N. E. of Tokay and 32 W. of Mongatz It is subject to the Emperor Description of the Remarkable Places in Lower-Hungary I. Buda BVDA or Offen is the Capital City of Hungary and formerly the ordinary residence of its Kings because of its pleasant situation Sigismund King of Hungary who was Crowned in 1387. and was afterwards Emperor beautified it with several sumptuous
sorts of Nations viz. Saxons Inhabitants Bulgarians and Hungarians the first possess the Province called the Seven Towns the Bulgarians dwell on the Banks of Marise the Hungarians possess the Frontiers of Walachia and follow the Grecian Religion These are divided into Counties pay no Tribute to the Prince of Transilvania but are obliged to serve at their own Expences when he goes to War The Doctrine of Calvin and Luther were introduced here in 1561. For George Brandrata Religion Physician to John Zapol Count of Scepus and Vayvode of Transilvania made this young Prince embrace the Sentiments of Luther by means of Denis Alexis but this Man not Executing his Orders with care enough he substituted Francis David in his Place who of a Lutheran made the Prince a Calvinist and at last taught him the Doctrine of Arius Stephen Bathori Prince of Transilvania in 1571. afterwards chosen King of Poland endeavoured to re-establish Popery and to that end gave the Government of this Principality to his Brother Christopher Bathori who cast David into Prison where he died Mad. He founded a College of Jesuits at Colaswar but dying in 1583. his Son Sigismund who succeeded him to comply with the Transilvanians was forced to dismiss the Jesuits but recalled them two years after This Principality is now incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary Government under the protection of the Emperor for Michael Abafti the 23d Prince from John Huniades who succeeded John Kemani in 1661. by a solemn Act given at Hermanstadt May 9. 1688. with the full consent of the States of Transilvania made an entire submission of this Country to the Emperor and the King of Hungary to last for ever and accordingly he received Imperial Garrisons into all the principal places The said Prince dying in 1690. the States in a general Assembly resolved to adhere to the Interests of the Emperor against all the Pretences of Count Teckely or the Ottoman Port according to the Tenour of the said Treaty The most considerable Places in the Principality of Transilvania are Hermanstadt Bish Cap. Alba Julia or Weissemburg Bish Brassow or Cronstadt Coloswar or Clausenburg Segeswar Agnetlin Altenberg Bestercze Newmark I. Hermanstadt Hermanstadt Lat. Cibinum or Hermanopolis called by the Inhabitants Zeben the Capital of Transilvania and Residence of the Prince is a large populous strong and well built City It has no Bishop at present but is reckoned a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishop of Colocza in Hungary The Inhabitants of this City are Saxons and five Jurisdictions depend upon it The Prince of this Country having formerly put himself under the Protection of the Grand Signior the late Duke of Lorrain prevail'd with the Prince Abafti to put himself under the Protection of the Emperor and to receive a Garrison of 3000 Germans in 1687. This City stands in a Plain on the River Cibin 160 Miles N. E. of Belgrade and 235 almost E. of Buda Long. 45 d. 48 m. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. II. Weissemburg Weissemburg Lat. Alba Julia which the Hungarians call Giula Fejerwar is situate upon the River Marise which the Inhabitants call Marons and the Germans Merisch with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocka The ancient Kings and Princes of this Country made their ordinary residence in this City which has been much greater than now it is as may be seen by its rare Roman Medals Coins and Inscriptions evident signs of Antiquity and Grandeur It stands 34 Miles W. of Hermanstadt 68 N. E. of Temeswar 90 E. of Waradin and 196 E. of Buda Long. 45 d. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. III. Cronstadt or Brassaw Brassaw or Cronstadt Lat. Patrovissa is a strong City and a Bishop's See situated near the Frontiers of Moldavia and the Carpathian Mountains Some take it for the Praetoria Augusta of Ptolomy and others call it Corona and Stephanopolis and pretend that it is one of the Seven Cities Built or Repaired by the Saxons It stands 65 Miles almost N. E. of Hermanstadt Long. 47 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 5 m. IV. Clausemburg Clausemburg called Coloswar by those of the Country and Claudiopolis in Latin is a great and populous City with the Title of a Bishoprick and an old Cittadel situated upon the little Brook Samos at the foot of the Mountains towards the Frontiers of Hungary 34 Miles N. W. of Weissemburg and 64 of Hermanstadt Long. 44 d. 25 m. Lat. 47 d. 11 m. The States of Transilvania are kept in it V. Segeswar Segeswar called Schezberg by the Germans Lat. Segethusa is seated on the River Cochel at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains subject to the Prince of Transilvania under the Emperor It stands 40 Miles N. of Hermanstadt VI. Agnetlin or Agnabat Agnetlin or Agnabat is one of the Chief Towns in Transilvania tho' of no strength it is seated on the River Harbach 25 Miles almost N. of Hermanstadt subject to the Prince of Transilvania and protected by the Emperor VII Altemberg Altemberg is a small City seated upon a Hill Built out of the Ruins of Zalnatra 20 Miles S. W. of Weissemburg or Alba Julia and 42 S. of Clausenburg VIII Bestercze or Besteriza Bestercza or Besteriza Lat. Bistricia is a small but very neat City which stands in a very large Plain upon a River of its own Name 80 Miles N. W. of Hermanstadt IX Newmark Newmark Lat. Nova Marchia called Waverhely by the Hungarians is seated on the River Merish at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains 36 Miles N. E. of Clausenburg The States of Transilvania usually meet here Article III. Podolia Bounds POdolia is a great Province of Poland in Lithuania between Moldavia to the S. Black Russia to the W. Volhinia to the N. and the Tartars of Oczakow to the E. This Province is very fertile but has been often wasted by the Inroads of the Tartars and Cossacks and is now the Theatre of the War between the Poles and the Turks It 's usually divided into the Higher Podolia that lyes to the West wherein are the Cities of Kaminieck and Bar and into the Lower which lyes to the East and has in it the City of Bracklaw I. Kaminieck Bish Cap. Kaminieck or Caminieck Lat. Camenecia Clepidava or Camienicum is a very strong Town and the Capital of Podolia The Poles call it Kaminieck Podeleki It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Lemberg and stands upon a Mountain by the River Smortzyck which a little lower falls into the Niester The Turks very often attempted this Place without success but it having suffered much by Fire in 1669. and being thereupon Besieged by them in 1672. it was taken the Poles being then Engaged in a Civil War amongst themselves and the Town in an ill condition of Defence The Cossacks under Motula blocked it up in April 1687. and the Polish Army designed to Attack it in September following but upon the approach of the Ottoman Forces they were both of them forced to retire The Polish
Croatia on the West and Sclavonia and Rascia on the North. History This Country was anciently part of Pannonia conquered since by the Goths and at last by the Sclavonians Tributaries who becoming Tributaries and subjects to the Hungarians Bosnia had the same Fate It consisted then only of one Province which has since had Princes of its own Mahomet II. seized it in 1463. and Flead Stephen the last King of Bosnia In 1688. at the same time that the Duke of Bavaria marched to the Siege of Belgrade Prince Lewis of Baden went with a strong Detachment of Germans and Hungarians to the Conquest of Bosnia The Croatians having Orders to join with him the 14th of August his Army passed the River Vnna tho' the Bassa opposed him with 15000 Men after which he took Castanovitza which is a Castle of three strong Towers and a Wall according to the ancient way of Fortification and seated on the Vnna between Croatia and Bosnia which yielded without resistance The 15th the Army went towards Gradisca which was set on fire and deserted as was also Debitza and Jassenovitz and 3000 Turks were intercepted and cut off near the former The 25th he marched toward Brod the Croats being sent home in order to reinforce the Siege of Belgrade but finding the Bassa had still a considerable Body of Men he resolved to disperse them before he went The Bassa lay then at Terwent five Hungarian Miles from Brod and the 4th of September he marched towards him in the Night with a Body of 3000 German Horse without any Foot The 5th by break of Day they fell upon the Enemies Camp 15000 strong and defeated their Horse and of 7000 Foot which could not so well shift 5000 were slain and 2000 taken with the loss of 150 Christians upon which Bagnaluca the last Town yielded to Prince Lewis and since that the Germans are become Masters of all the other Places and have reconquered the whole Province The Principal places of this Province are Sari or Bosna Saray Cap. Iswornick Ternovitza Bagnialuck or Bagnaluca Kretno Jaickza or Yetze Debitza or Dobicza Jassenovitz Tina I. Sari Sari or Bosna-Saray is seated upon the River Miglazza and is accounted now the principal City of Bosnia which honour belong'd formerly to Jaitza and then to Warbosaum and stands 50 Miles S. W. of Peter-Waradin and 175 S. of Buda Long. 40 d. 15 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. II. Jaykza Jaycza Gieza or Gaitia formerly the Capital City of Bosnia is a mighty strong City and Castle seated on the River Plena This City was recovered by the King of Hungary in 1463. from the Turks who endeavoured to retake it the same year without success but they took it afterwards and made it the seat of a Sangiack or Governour It stands 42 Miles E. of Wihitz 60 almost N. of Bagnialuck 82 Miles N. E. of Zara and 154 almost S. of Buda Long. 39 d. 15 m. Lat. 45 d. 22 m. Article X. Sclavonia UNder the name of Sclavonia the ancients comprehended Hungary Sclavonia propria Croatia Ancient Extent Dalmatia Bosnia Servia Rascia and Bulgaria reaching from the River Drave to the Gulph of Venice Modern Bounds But by Sclavonia at present is only meant that part of the ancient Pannonia which is bounded by the Drave on the North Rascia on the East the Save on the South and Germany Extent on the West It is 32 German Miles in length and 12 in breadth It is said to have had its name from the Slavi an ancient People who came from Scythia in the time Name of the Emperor Justinian History and having seized Istria and all Grecia founded the Kingdom of Poland under Lechus and that of Moravia under Zechus Anno 550. they were beat out of Greece by Constantine And in 783. they were kept under by Lewis the Pious In 807. they embraced Christianity by the Preaching of one Methodius The Emperor Lewis II. had War with them about 858. as also the Emperor Otho in 960. They infested Canute and Sueno Kings of the Danes in the Xth Century but Walduner overcame them in 1161. Anno 1200. Canute the Dane overcame the Marquess of Brandenburg who had possest himself of Sclavonia and after this the Sclavonians became Tributaries to the Hungarians They were most of them of the Roman Church Religion Language but performed their Worship in their own Language which was formerly very extensive and spoken in more places than any other living Tongue in Europe and is yet tho' in different Dialects from the Adriatick Gulf to the Northern Ocean by the Istrians Dalmatians Bosnians Moravians Bohemians Lusatians Silesians Poles Lithuanians Prussians Scandinavians and Russians almost as far as Constantinople and much used among the Turks In 1504. this Country was subdued by Solyman the Magnificent Government in 1687. after the Turks were defeated at Mohatz their Army Mutiny'd against the Grand Visier and the Turks deserting it the whole Country except Gradisca submitted to the Emperor This Country is very fruitful and has many Mines Quality Manners the People are so enamoured with War that they often pray they may die with their Swords in their Hands The most remarkable Places here are Posega Gradisca Sopia Novigrad Kopranitz Warasdin Brodt I. Posega Posega the Capital City of Sclavonia is a Place of an indifferent strength but of great Commerce It has 400 Villages depending upon it and consists of about 1000 Houses The Country about it is very fruitful producing fruits of all sorts of an extraordinary size It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists in 1687. The Bey made at first some resistance but after having fired some Cannon he abandoned the Place part of the Garrison retired to the Mountains and the rest into different places upon the Save The Germans found in it a great quantity of Ammunition and Provision with five Pieces of Cannon This City stands on the River Oriana 120 Miles S. of Buda 126 W. of Belgrade and 185 S. E. of Vienna Long. 39 d. 42 m. Lat. 45 d. 46 m. II. Gradisca Gradiska is a strong Town seated upon the River Save toward the Frontiers of Croatia It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists under the Command of the Duke of Croy in 1691. It stands 30 Miles almost W. of Posega Long. 39 d. Lat. 45 d. 39 m. III. Brodt Brodt is a small Town 15 Miles S. of Posega famous for a Victory Prince Lewis of Baden gained over the Turks in 1688. Article XI Croatia CRoatia has the Title of a Kingdom and comprehended formerly all between the Drave and the Sea of Dalmatia Bounds and was divided into three parts but now that is called Croatia that lies between Bosnia on the East the Gulf of Venice on the South Germany on the West and Sclavonia on the North Croatia is called Krabatin by the Germans Name Manners and Corbavia in Latin The People of this Province are good
Warriors and take much after the Germans Hungarians and Sclavonians for their Customs and Manners so that their Gentlemen are said to share with the first in their Drunkenness to imitate the second in their Pride and to be every whit as importunate as the last The Croates especially those called Vscokes are very swift and run up and down Mountains like Bucks with Shoes made of Cord on purpose Croatia is commonly divided into the Austrial and the Ottoman because the House of Austria and the Turks are Sovereigns thereof To the Emperor Segna Bish Sangrad To the Turks Wihitz or Pighiton Sissaken or Sisseg Velay Castanovitz I. Segna or Zeng Segna or Zeng is a strong City on the Bay anciently called Flanaticum now Quarnaro or Carnaro from the Mountain de Carnia and has over against it the Island of Veglia This is the Capital City of the Principality of Morlachia and a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Spalatro It is strong both by Art and Nature having vast Woods and Mountains behind it to the Land-ward so that an Army can hardly get to it and the Port is not capable of a great Fleet. About the year 1539. It was in the possession of the Count de Frangipani and was claimed by Solyman the Grand Seignior as a part of Hungary which he had then conquered in great part This forced Ferdinand the Emperor to take it into his own hands after which he entertained the Vschochi a set of Robbers like our Buccaneers who had like to have kindled a War betwixt the Turks and the Venetians The Coast about this Bay is full of small Islands Rocks and Creeks so that it has ever been a Receptacle for Pyrates Those Pyrates in time became 500 or 600 Men and did great damage to the Turks and to the Christian Merchants The Turks provok'd by the Injuries of these Buccaneers in the year 1592. began a War against the Austrian Dominions which lasted till the year 1602. In the year 1613. Fadre Paolo in his continuation of the History of the Vschochi tells us that this City consisted of three sorts of Men the Stipendarii or Listed Men which were 200 under four Captains the Casalini or Citizens which were then about 100 Families And the Venturini who were Fugitives from Turkey Dalmatia and Apulia their whole number not above 2000. Yet this handful of Men plagued the State of Venice from 1537 to 1616. The War I last mentioned lost the Empire of Germany Agria in 1596. and Canisa in 1602. In the year 1615. the Arch-Duke of Austria declared a War against the Venetians on the score of these Pyrates which drew the Dutch to assist them and this forced the Arch-Duke the next year to suppress this Nest of Pyrates so that they were never heard of since Segna stands 46 Miles nigh S. of Carolstad as many N. W. of Zara and 52 W. of Wihitz Long. 36 d. 39 m. Lat. 45 d. 1â— m. II. Wihitz Wihitz or Pighiton is a very strong City seated on a small Lake by the River Vnna reckoned the Capital of Croatia It stands 44 Miles S. E. of Carolstat 52 almost N. of Zara and 84 nigh W. of Posega Long. 37 d. 44 m. Lat. 45 d. 18 m. III. Castanovitz Castanovitz is a good Castle on the River Vnna near the Borders of Bosnia 34 Miles W. of Gradisca It belonged to the Turks but was taken by Prince Lewis of Baden and submitted to the Emperor of Germany in 1688. Article XII Dalmatia DAlmatia is a Province lying on the Gulf of Venice Bounds part of the ancient Illyria It was anciently very large but is now more contracted It has Istria on the West Croatia and part of Bosnia on the North Servia and Albania on the East and the Gulph of Venice on the South Their Language is Sclavonick Language Religion Manners and their Religion for the most part Popery The People are Martial but ridiculous in their Divertisements History The Pope at a Council held by two of his Legates at Salone erected this Province into a Kingdom and invested Demetrius their Duke with Sword Scepter and Crown Anno 1076. Dioclesian the Persecuting Emperor was a Native of this Country whether he retired after his Abdication It was added to Hungary in 1310. together with some adjacent Provinces Dalmatia is divided into three parts as followeth The first belongs to the Venetians and comprehends Zara. Archbp. Cap. Nona Bish Zemonico Sebenico Bish Traw Bish Spalatro Archbp. Salone Clissa The second belongs to the Turks and compreprehends these opposite Places but the Venetians have of late conquered most of them Scardona Bish Narenca or Narenza Bish Trebigna Bish Castel-Nuovo Cattaro Bish Budoa Bish Antivari Archbp. Dulcigno Bish Scutari The third is the Republick of Ragusi in which are Ragusi or Dobronika Archbp. Stagno I. Zara. Zara Lat. Jadera is a very considerable Town and Port Capital of Dalmatia and an Archbishop's See It is environed by the Sea being joined to land only by a Draw-Bridg Besides this it is defended with six strong Bastions Ladislaus King of Naples who also took the quality of King of Hungary sold it with the depending Islands to the Venetians in 1409. to whom it belong'd before for they being assisted by Baldwin Count of Flanders and other Princes that were going to the Conquest of the Holy-Land after Saladin's Death made themselves Masters of it in 1200. This City stands 116 Miles N. E. of Ancona 184 almost S. E. of Venice and 165 N. W. of Ragusa Long. 37 d. 20 m. Lat. 44 d. 34 m. II. Nona Nona Lat. Aenona is a well-fortified Town and Port of Dalmatia with a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Zara It stands 35 Miles N. of Zara. III. Zemonico Zemonico was a strong hold of Dalmatia about seven Miles from Zara. The Venetians yielded it to the Turks in 1573. but in 1647. The Proveditor Foscoli observing how the Turks of that Garrison did annoy the Country all about resolved to beat them out of it which he did and then demolished the Fort. In 1682. The Turks designed to establish themselves there but were cut off by the Morlaques IV. Sebenico Sebenico Lat. Sebenicum Sicum is a small but strong City upon the Adriatick Sea with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Spalatro It has been under the Venetians since the year 1412. before which time it was a Sea-Port Town of Croatia It has a Castle and Fort built upon a Rock which has four times baffled the Ottoman Forces and is situate at the Mouth of the River Kerka 30 Miles N. W. of Spalatro and 44 S. E. of Zara Long. 38 d. 18 m. Lat. 44 d. 16 m. V. Traw Traw is a very strong and populous City a Sea-Port and a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Spalatro It stands in a small Island of the same name but joined to the Continent by a Bridge it is subject to the Republick of Venice since 1420. and lies
away some of the Earth or a piece of the Sepulchre which they tye to their Elbows as a precious Relick that raises their Courage in Battel VI. Croya Croya or Croie or Crua is a strong and considerable City on the River Lizane reckoned by some the Capital of Albania Volteran says that it was called Troy however it has been a long time the Residence of the Brave George Castriot called Scanderbeg Prince of Albania But after his Death Mahomet II. took it in 1477. It was formerly an Episcopal City under the Archbishop of Durazzo and stands 52 Miles almost S. of Scutari VII Durazzo Durazzo or Drazzi is a strong and celebrated Town and Sea-Port at the Mouth of the River Argentaro Built by those of Corfu in the 130th Year of Rome It s Ancient Name of Epidamus was changed by the Romans into that of Dirrachium which was the Name of the Harbour In the Year of Rome 315. this City being Besieged by a Company of Out-Laws and Banditto's the Inhabitants implored the Assistance of the Corinthians which were defeated by those of Corfu The Athenians Espoused the Party of the latter and a small Quarrel was the Rise of the War called Corinthiacum and as it were the Leaven of the Great Peloponnesian War so famous in the Greek History Durazzo was formerly an Archbishop's See under the Patriarch of Constantinople Bajazet took it from the Venetians in the XVth Century It has a good Haven but the insalubrity of its Air makes it to be but thinly Inhabited It stands 58 Miles S. of Scutari and 18 S. W. of Croia 42 d. 26 m. Lat. 41 d. 28 m. VIII Pollina Pollina the Ancient Apollonia is but a small City with the Title of an Archbishoprick 46 Miles almost S. E. of Durazzo IX Vallona Vallona is a pretty strong Town seated on the Sea 54 Miles S. of Durazzo The Venetians took it in 1690. and found in it 130 Pieces of Cannon X. Elbassan Elbassan is a small Town on the River Arzenga 44 Miles S. E. of Croia and 42 of Durazzo XI Ochrida Ochrida or Lochria is a great and populous City on the Borders of Macedon seated on a high Hill by the Lake Peltoum with an Archbishoprick It stands 80 Miles almost S. E. of Durazzo and 135 W. of Salonichi Long. 44 d. 8 m. Lat. 41 d. 4 m. X.I. Albanopoli Albanopoli is a small Town yet formerly accounted by some the Capital of Albania It stands 60 Miles E. of Durazzo Article II. Epirus BY Epirus is meant now that part of Greece which some call Lower-Albany bounded on the North by Albany on the East by Macedon and Thessaly on the South by Livadia or Achaia and on the West by the Jonian Sea Epirus comprehended formerly both the Higher or Proper Albany and the Lower or the Modern Epirus The most famous People of this Country were the Molossi the Dryopes Chaonians Dolopes c. It fell under the Power of the Turk in the XIVth Century all but the Island of Corfu which remained in the Hands of the Venetians but the latter have reconquered some Places in this late Wars The Principal Cities in Epâ—rus are Preveza Panormo Larta â—astia or Bastick Chimera I. Preveza Preveza is a Fortress standing at the Mouth of the Gulf of Larta upon the Ruins of the Ancient Nicopolis Built by the Emperor Augustus to preserve the Memory of the famous Battel of Actium won by him from Mark Anthony Marco Grimani Patriarch of Aquileia General of the Popes Gallies accompanied with Andrew Doria General of the League in 1539. endeavoured to surprize this Place which was in the Possession of the Turks but they were constrained to retire But Captain General Morosini made himself Master of in 1684. This Place stands 90 Miles N. W. of Lepanto and 150 S. W. of Larissa Long. 44 d. Lat. 38 d. 24 m. II. Panormo Panormo is but a small Town upon the Sea which has nothing considerable besides the Haven III. Larta Larta is another small City on a Bay of the same Name 24 Miles N. E. of Preveza It is still subject to the Turks IV. Bastia or Bastick Bastia is another small Sea-port Town nigh the Isle of Corfu V. Chimera Chimera is a very strong City built upon a Rock by the Sea-side 30 Miles N. of the Isle of Corfu It is the Head of a Territory of the same Name and is partly free and partly subject to the Turks CHAP. III. Macedon MAcedon Lat. Macedonia is a vast Province of Greece Bounds bounded on the East by the Archipel or White Sea on the North by Bulgary on the W. by Albania and on the S. by Thessaly It was formerly a Kingdom under which was Thessaly Epirus and even Thracia History According to Titus Livius it went by the Name of Paeonia Mygdonia and Emonia Solinus gives it the Name of Edonia Precia and Emathia This Kingdom is said to have contained 50 several sorts of People in former Times Caranus descended from Hercules founded this Monarchy about Anno Mundi 3240. which endured about 500 Years became very samous under Philip and Alexander the Great his Son and continued till the Reign of Perseus whom the Romans Conquered An. Rom. 586. and reduced the Kingdom into a Province 256 Years after the Death of Alexander the Great and after the Succession of 41 Kings There are in this Province Mines of Gold and Silver The famous Mount Athos now called Monte Santo that shoots into the Sea is also to be seen there Macedon is divided into three Parts viz. Macedonia Proper Jamboli and Comenolitari The most remarkable Places there are Saloniki Cap. Arch. Zuchria or Jeniza Emboli or Amphipolis Siderocapsa Xilopolis Contessa Lita or Lissa I. Saloniki Saloniki or Salonichi formerly Thessalonica is the Capital City of Macedonia with an Archbishoprick and a fair Haven It stands at the foot of an Hill upon a small River and at the bottom of a Gulf or Bay bearing its own Name On the West side of it is the great River Vardar which is almost half a League over and whose Banks are planted with very tall and thick standing Trees The Walls are Built after the old Fashion with Turrets or Towers at certain Intervals and are about four Leagues in Circuit It is strengthned with three Forts the least of which is the furthest from the Walls of the City and stands at the Landing place mounted with twenty Pieces of Cannon the other two are larger and are joined to the City Wall the Sea beating upon them each of them planted with 40 Pieces of Cannon To Landwards it has a Fortress like that of Constantinople and bears the same Name viz. the Seven Towers which commands all the City as standing upon an high Hill at the bottom whereof there is a great Suburb which also has its particular enclosure The City is well peopled by reason of the Trade of Silk Wooll all sorts of Leather Cotton Grain Powder and Iron
The principal Trade of the City is in the Jews Hands who are exempt from Tribute in consideration whereof they are to furnish the Janisaries of the City with Cloth for their Cloathing William King of Sicily Conquered this City in 1180. but afterwards the Emperor of Constantinople reduced it to his Obedience again Andronicus Palaeologus gave it to the Venetians in 1313. but two Years after the Turks drove them thence and have been Masters of it ever since The Greek Christians have 30 Churches in this City the Chiefest whereof is the Archbishop's See Dedicated to St. Demetrius This Church has three Bodies supported by very fair Pillars and was formerly honoured with the Preaching of St. Paul There are also five Convents of the Order of St. Basilicus in every one of which are about an Hundred young Women who may if they please quit the Habit and Marry The most Magnificent Turkish Mosques are those Buildings that formerly were the Churches of St. Sophia the Blessed Virgin St. Gabriel and St. Demetrius Mahomet IV. who was Dethroned in 1687. changed the Church of the Blessed Virgin into a Mosque on each side of this Building are twelve great Pillars of Jasper-stone whose Chapiters or Tops support so many Crosses which the Turks have not defaced The Jews also have 36 Synagogues in this City the most considerable of which are that of Castille of Portugal and of Italy They have also two Colleges which contain above Ten Thousand Scholars who come to study there from all parts of the Ottoman Empire Of all the stately Pieces of Architecture that were of old in this City there remains nothing very remarkable at present save only a Triumphal Arch of Brick-work supported by two Marble Pillars full of Trophies and abundance of other Figures but so much shattered and defaced by Time that it cannot well be guest what it was erected for The City is Governed by a Mousselin Justice is Administred by a Molla and a Mufti Orders all Matters relating to Religion This City stands 108 Miles S. of Sophia 300 S. E. of Belgrade and 330 W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. Lat. 41 d. 37 m. II. Zuchria Zuchria or Jeniza is a small City Built by the Turks out of the Ruins of Pella formerly the Capital of Macedonia and the Birth-place of Alexander the Great upon the Bay of Salonichi between the Rivers Bevola and Castora 27 Miles S. W. of Salonichi I. Amphipolis or Emboli Amphipolis is a City of Macedonia on the Borders of Thracia with an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople The Greeks call'd it Christopoli since and its Modern Name is Emboli It is situated on the River Strymon which washes it on every side 60 Miles almost E. of Salonichi This City is very famous in the Ancient History of Greece IV. Siderocapsa Siderocapsa is a small Town only remarkable for the Gold Mines that are about it Philip the Father of Alexander the Great caused a Gold Coin to be Coin'd called Golden-Philips after that Crenidas had discovered the Gold Mines there and wrought them which Mines afforded King Philip a 1000 Talents of Gold a Year and do still yield the Grand Seignior 9 or 10000 Ducats a Month. There are no less than five or six Hundred Furnaces for the melting of Gold in the Mountains near this City CHAP. IV. Janna or Thessaly Lat. Thessalia THessaly is bounded on the East by the Archipel on the North by Macedon Bounds on the West by Epirus and on the South by Achaia This Country has had different Names derived from divers Princes who have lived therein Name and was divided into five parts viz. Thessaly Proper the Country of the Pelasgi Estiosia Magnesia and Phtiotide It s Modern Name is Janna from a Town of this Name The Air is here very good the Soil fruitful producing delicious Figs Water Melons Quality Pomegranates Oranges Lemons Citrons excellent Grapes Almonds Olives and all sorts of Corn. The Ancient Inhabitants were well-bred civil but somewhat too voluptuous Inhabitants yet they did not want Courage They were also noted for Magick and Drunkenness were the first that Minted Gold and Silver tam'd Horses and put Ships to Sea They are still Warlike and are a handsom Race of People having black Hair black Eyes and their Faces of a Beautiful Sanguine Fresh Colour and are for the most part Christians This Country is encompass'd with four great Mountains viz. Olympus Pindus Ossa and Aeta Mountains famous in the Greek and Latin Poets It had for along time its particular Kings until it was subjected to the Macedonians History and afterwards to the Romans Deucalion was one of the most Ancient and Celebrated Kings He Reigned in the same Age with Cecrops first King of Athens 349 Years before the Ruin of Troy Hellen his Son gave Name to a great part of Greece Dorus his second Son left his Name to the Dortans near Mount Parnassus Xuthus the third was Father of Achaeus Founder of the Peleponnesian Achaeans Ion his second Son was the Chief of the Inhabitants of Attica This Country is very famous for the remarkable Defeat of Pompey by Julius Caesar in the Plains of Pharsalus Sultan Amurath Conquered the greatest part of it and his Posterity still enjoys it The most remarkable Places in Thessaly are Larissa Archb. Cap. Armiro Volo Pharsalus or Farsa Archb. Scotusa Bish Voidenor Demetriada I. Larissa Larissa is the Principal City of Thessalia the Country of Achilles upon the River Peneus 25 Miles from the Bay of Salonichi to the West It is an Archbishop's See and one of the most flourishing Cities of Greece by reason the late Grand Seignior being disgusted with Constantinople almost 20 Years together kept his Court here It is pleasantly seated on a Rising Ground in the upper part whereof stands the Grand Seignior's Palace upon the North the famous Mountain of Olympus and on the South a Plain Inhabited by Christians Turks and Jews There is a handsom Stone-bridge over the River consisting of Nine Arches This City stands 90 Miles S. of Salonichi 160 N. W. of Setines or Athens and 380 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 46 d. 55 m. Lat. 39 d. 45 m. II. Armiro Armiro Lat. Eretria is a City and Sea-port mentioned by Thucydides Strabo Livy and several other Ancient Writers it lyes upon the Sinus Pelasgicus which from it now is called the Gulf of Armiro about 17 Miles from Larissa to the South Out of this Gulf the Argonauts loosed when they went to Colchis for the Golden-Fleece and in it the Navy of Xerxes was sorely shattered by a Tempest which then saved Greece In the same Bay lyes Pagase in which the Ship Argo was Built III. Volo Volo is a Fortress that gives its Name to a Gulf of Thessaly to the North of Negrepont The Ancients called this Town Pagasa and the Gulf Pagasicus Sinus or Pelasgicus Sinus and Gulf of Armiro The Fortress has a good and
of the Castle are 17. Colums 18 Foot in circumference and proportionable in height the remainder of 300 which they say formerly belong'd to the Palace of Theseus Over the Portal yet intire is this Inscription in Greek This ancient City of Athens is certainly the City of Theseus And another within thus The City of Athens is the City of Adrian and not of Theseus Here is also the Fanari or Lantern of Demosthenes whether he retired to study in privacy It is a small Marble Tower with six Columns round it and a Lamp with branches over the Duomo which covers it whence perhaps it was called the Lantern supposed to have been dedicated to Hercules by the several Figures set in the Frises thereof combating in Lions Skins Here are also the Ruins of the Areopagus whose Glacis or Senate-House 40 paces long is supported by vast pieces cut out of the Rock and pointed like a Diamond In the midst thereof is a kind of Speakers Chair cut out of the Rock with Seats round it for the Senators Add to these the Remains of the Temple of Victory built after the Jonick Order where the Turks lay their Powder The Arsenal of Lycurgus and the Temple of Minerva both of the Dorick Order Setines was taken by Mahomet II. in 1455. but regain'd by the Venetians in 1687. It stands nigh the Gulph of Engia about 120 Miles almost N. of Misitra 160 S. E. of Larissa and 420 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 48 d. 20 m. Lat. 37 d. 25 m. II. Stives or Thebes Stives anciently called Thebes was once one of the most celebrated Cities of Greece the Capital of Baeotia the Birth place of Pindar who calls it Heptapyle by reason of its seven Gates and of the renowned General Epaminondas This City sustained great Wars against the Athenians Lacedaemonians and Macedonians it submitted to the last with reluctancy so that upon the report of Alexander the Great being Dead they revolted and sollicited their Neighbours to do the same but the Town being taken a second time it was quite destroyed not one House being left standing but that of Pindarus Cassander Antipater's Son repair'd it 20 years after and it had afterwards the Title of Archbishoprick but is now an inconsiderable Borough subject to the Turks The Venetians took it in 1687. and soon after left it again it stands 40 Miles N. W. of Setines or Athens III. Aulis Aulis is a City of Baeotia upon the Streight of Negropont famous for the Harbour that belongs to it where Agamemnon and all the Grecian Captains rendezvouz'd before they set Sail for Troy IV. Marathon Marathon called at this Day Marathona or Marason is a small Town in Attica It is famous for the Victory which 12000 Athenians under the Command of Miltiades obtained over the Persian Army of above 500000 Men Anno Rom. 264. towards the end of September V. Livadia Livadia is a Town and Castle of Achaia from which all that Principality is now called Livadia It is subject to the Turks and stands 70 Miles W. of Athens or Setines VI. Megara Megara called by the Turks Megra the Birth-place of Euclides was anciently a famous City built upon two Rocks but now one is Desolate and the other has but about 3 or 400 pitiful Cottages built one story high and close together the Walls of which are but the Ruins of the former Houses or a few Fagots covered with Clay A place at first Capital of a Monarchy under the Reign of 12 Kings than a Republick which maintained divers Wars with the Athenians and others and established a Colony in the Island of Sicily VII Delphos Delphos or Delphes is a little Village of Phocis under Mount Parnassus famous in ancient History for the Temple of Apollo whence he pronounced his Oracles VIII Lepanto Lepanto Lat. Naupactus is a City of Aetolia now Livadia a Country of Achaia called by the Turks Einebachri seated near the entrance of the Western Bay of Corinth now called the Gulph of Lepanto This City is built on the South-side of a Mountain formed like a Sugar Loaf on the top of which is a strong Castle surrounded with four strong Walls set at some distance one above the other between which Walls the Inhabitants have their Houses and by them the City is divided into four Parts The Port is very handsome and beautiful and may be secured by a Chain The Mouth of it is so strait it will hold but a few Ships and those cannot go out and in at sometimes neither for want of Water The Country round this City is pleasant and full of delightful Gardens The Wine of Lepanto is the best of all Greece but they pitch their Vessels as they do generally over all Morea and at Athens to preserve the Wine as the Germans and Hollanders are wont to Sulphurate them for the same purpose which renders the Taste at first somewhat disagreeable to Strangers The Turks have five or six Mosques here and the Greeks have two Churches one in each Suburb tho' but very small and they but few in number and ill treated for which reason their Archbishop kept his residence at Marta The Jews have three Synagogues there The Chiefest Commodities of the Place are Leather Oyl Wheat Tobacco Rice and Barley but the most considerable of all the rest is Turkey Leather In 1408. this City was under the Empire of Greece but Emanuel then Emperor assigned it to the Venetians who took care to fortifie it as it is now In 1475. Mahomet the Great the same that took Constantinople having gained Corinth besieged it with an Army of 30000 Men but was forced to raise the Siege but in 1498. Bajazet II. attack'd it with an 150000 Men and took it by the Treachery of the Venetian Governour whom he had corrupted with Money In 1687. The Venetians having in the foregoing years almost beat the Turks out of all the Morea their General Morosini landed near Patras notwithstanding all the opposition of the Seraskier whom he fought and defeated on the 24th of July and having taken Patras and the Dardanel Castle on that side he crossed to the other to Lepanto where he found the Turks making haste to empty the Place for him whereupon he took possession of it with out striking a blow and found in it 120 Pieces of Brass Cannon Lepanto stands 100 Miles S. E. of Prevesa 140 W. of Setines and 480 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 45 d. 30 m. Lat. 37 d. 25 m. IX Dardanels of Lepanto At the Entrance of the Gulph of Lepanto are two Capes about 13 or 14 Miles S. W. of Lepanto that which joins to Morea is called by the Ancients Anthirium Promontorium now adays Cape Antirio and has a little Fortress called the Castle of Morea or of Patras The other that joins to Achaia is called by Strabo Rhium Promontorium vulgarly Cape Rio and has also a little Fort called Castle of Romelia These two Castles are also called Dardanels of Lepanto
4. Corinthia 5. Elis or Elea or Cauconia 6. Laconia 7. Messenia 8. Sicyonis Now-a-days Morea according to Baudrand Moreri and all Modern Geographers is divided into four Provinces viz. I. The Dutchy of Chiarenza Chiarenza Archb. II. Belvedere Modon Bish III. Zaconia or Braccio di Maina Malvasia Archb. IV. Saccania or Romania Minor Napoli di Romania Archb. Article I. The Dutchy of Chiarenza THIS Dutchy Borders the Gulph of Lepanto on the North Bounds Sacconia on the East Zaconia and Belvedere on the South and the Jonian Sea on the West it contains the old Achaia Proper Sicyonis and Corinthia The most famous Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Rio. 2. Cape Chiarenza formerly Araxus Promontorium 3. Cape Torneso formerly Chelonates Promontorium The most Remarkable Towns here are Patras Archb. Cap. Chiarenza or Clarence Caminitza Bish Castel-Torneso I. Patras Patras is a very Ancient and Flourishing City called by the Turks Badra and Balabutra it is seated near Cape Rio on the North side of a Mountain on the top of which stands a good Fortress 18 Miles almost S. of Lepanto and 120 N. W. of Misitra Long. 45 d. 40 m. Lat. 37 d. 20 m. It is the Capital of the Dutchy of Chiarenza and an Archbishoprick Towards the beginning of the Roman Monarchy this City had a great number of Inhabitants by reason both of its commodious Situation for Trade and of the Fertility of its Soil It is about five Miles distant from the Gulf that bears its Name where it has a good Sea-port called Panormus which the Emperor Augustus chused for the Retreat of his Navy and for that Reason made the Inhabitants of Patras Citizens of Rome and granted them several Immunities and Priviledges which gave occasion to the Romans to call this City Augusta Aroe Patrensis The Goddess Diana was worshipped here under the Name of Diana Latria and had a yearly Sacrifice offered her of a young Man and a Maid pickt out of the handsomest in all the City This Superstitious and Bloody Sacrifice continued till Euripiles came to Patras and was made a Christian Convert by the Apostle St. Andrew Patras is now very well peopled especially with Jews who drive a great Trade there with the Grecians of the Neighbouring Islands and the English and French Merchants It s Air is none of the wholesomest by reason of the Neighbouring Mountains covered with Snow almost all the Year round and of the Waters that surround it This City with the Territory belonging to it was formerly in the Possession of the Despotes of Greece the last of which not being able to keep it against the Turks sold it in 1408. to the Republick of Venice The Turks took it from the Venetians in 1463. but in 1533. they retook it from the Turks under the Command of General Doria The next Year after the Turks expelled the Venetians who took it again in 1687. after their General Morosini had given the Turks a considerable overthrow in its Neighbourhood II. Chiarenza Chiarenza which is thought to be the Ancient Cyllene stands on the right side of the River Inachus called by Ptolomy Penaeus Fluvius upon a Hill near the Gulph of Patras It has been a famous City and the Capital of the Dukedom of the same Name under its own Princes The Venetians made themselves Masters of it when it was still in a pretty good condition But it is now so extreamly changed that there is scarce any thing to be seen besides its Ditches and some miserable Vestiges of what it has been It s Port which was capable of many good Ships is now filled up with Sands It stands about 25 Miles S. W. of Patras III. Caminitza Caminitza called by Strabo and Ptolomy Olenus and by Pliny Olenum stands three Miles from the Gulph of Patras on the right Bank of the little River Pirus betwixt the Cape of Chiarenza and Patras at an equal distance from each It owes its Foundation to Olenus Son of Vulcan but tho' it has been a great City with a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishoprick of Patras it is now reduced to a small inconsiderable Borough IV. Castel-Tornese Castel-Tornese called by the Turks Clemontzi is a little Town near the Cape of Tornese in the Dutchy of Chiarenza or according to others in the Province of Belvedere Built upon a heighth that overlooks a great Countrey round about betwixt the Gulf of Chiarenza and that of Arcadia called before Chelonates about three Miles from the Sea After the taking of Patras in 1687. Morosini summoned this Place which the Aga delivered presently Article II. Belvedere THIS Province Borders the River Carbon on the North Bounds which separates it from Chiarenza Zaconia or Braccio di Maina on the East the Sea of Sapienza on the South and that of Ionia on the West It contains the old Provinces of Elis and Messenia The most famous Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Jardan formerly Ichctus Promontorium 2. Cape di Sapienza or Cape Gallo antiently Acritas Promontorium The Places of Note in this Province are Modon Bish Cap. Coron Calamata Navarin I. Modon MOdon called by the Turks Mutum anciently Methone is in that part of Peloponnesus formerly called Messenia It is a strong rich and trading City with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Patras It s Seat is very advantagious being upon a Cape of the Sea of Sapienza at the Foot of which is a fair and good Port. This City was the ordinary Residence of the Sangiac or Governour of Morea for the Grand Seignior It has at several times undergone several Revolutions The Emperor Trajanus granted it great Priviledges which were confirmed upon it by Constantine the Great In 1124. the Venetians made themselves Masters of it under the Doge Domenico Michiole but the Emperor of Constantinople retook it the next Year after In 1204. upon the Division of the Empire it fell again into the Possession of the Venetians from whom it was taken by Leo Veteran a famous Pyrate of Genoa This Usurper did not enjoy it long for being taken in the Hellespont he was brought to Corfu where he suffered an Ignominious Death which so frighted his Party that the Captains Dandolo and Promalino made themselves Masters of Modon without any opposition In 1498. Bajazet II. laid Siege to it with an Army of 150000 Men and took it after a sharp Battel with the Army of the Venetians which came to relieve it In 1659. Morosini the Venetian General took it from the Turks but they regained it in the end of the Candian War In 1686. the Venetian Arms again prevailed to deliver this noble and strong City out of the Hands of the Infidels They found in it 90 Pieces of Cannon Modon stand 15 Miles S. W. of Coron and 70 almost W. of Cape Matapan Long. 40 d. Lat. 34 d. 58 m. II. Coron Coron has a strong and commodious situation on the left side of Cape Gallo called by Ptolomy Acritas Promontorium
Cronia on the West and the Ruins of old Mycene on the South This City has undergone so many Vicissitudes that it has now but the bare Name left as a Memorial of its Ancient Greatness and Splendor the Magnificence of its Buildings being reduced to some pitiful paltry Houses and a Cittadel This City was sold to the Venetians in 1388. by Mary Erigana or Anguien in whose Hands it remained till Mahomet II's time The Venetians took it from the Turks in 1463. and lost it again a little while after But in the Year 1686. General Morosini recovered it again from the Tarks III. Corinth The City of Corinth vulgarly called Coranto Gerame by the Turks and Ephyro by Lauremberg is seated in the middle of the Isthmus to which it gives its Name It has the Title of an Archbishoprick and stands 85 Miles E. of Patras and 54 S. W. of Athens It is commanded by the famous Fortress called Acrocorinth which is near it It s Situation is so advantageous that it is called by some the Eye and the Bulwark of Peloponnesus The Romans upon pretence of an affront offered to their Ambassadors sent the Consul L. Mamius who burn'd and pillaged this City Anno Mundi 3818. but by the Care and Magnificence of Augustus it recovered its former Beauty and Riches Since that time it has often felt the fury of War especially under Amurath II. and Mahomet his Son so that it has now but the miserable ruins of its former Greatness and 20 or 30 Houses or rather Cottages it is subject to the Venetias since 1687. The Isthmus of Corinth The Isthmus of Corinth Lat. Isthmus Argolicus and Corinthiacus is a neck of land about six or seven Miles broad betwixt the Gulph of Lepanto and that of Engia which joins Morea to Achaia It was anciently very famous for the Ludi Isthmii or Isthmian Games instituted here by Theseus as also for its Theater Stadium Neptunes Temple and the Forest of Pine-Trees whose Leaves served to Crown the Combatants Several Princes as Alexander the Great Pitia Demetrius Julius Caesar Caligula Nero and Herod the Athenian either to advance Navigation and Trade or meerly to raise a Monument to their Fame have at different times attempted the digging through of this Isthmus but whether interrupted by more important business or wearied with the tediousness of the Work they have all of them left it unfinished Whence came the Latin Proverb Istmum fodere against those who undertake things beyond their strength Afterwards on this neck of Land a Wall was built which was called Hexamilon because it contained six Miles which is the whole breadth of the Isthmus This Wall was demolished by Amurath II. and being rebuilt and fortified by the Venetians was a second time pulled down by Mahomet II. in 1443. Article V. The Boundaries of Morea THE Bounds of this Peninsule as we have already hinted are the Isthmus of Corinth of which we have already treated and the Seas of Jonia Sapienza and of Candia and Aegeo in which we shall consider the Gulphs I. Gulphs of the Jonian Sea There are in this Sea five considerable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Lepanto called Crisaeus by the Ancients Helcyonius by Strabo Gulph of Pedras by Sophianus and Corinthiacus Sinus by others its length West and East is about 80 Miles washing on the North the Coasts of Achaia and on the South those of Morea 2. The Gulph of Patras so called from a Sea Town of Chiarenza which being environ'd partly by the Continent and partly by the opposite Islands resembles a spacious Lake in length about 200 Miles and about as many in breadth 3. The Gulph of Chiarenza so called from an ancient Sea Town extends it self from Cape Chiarenza to Castel Tornese 4. The Gulph of Arcadia called Chelonates or Chelonites Sinus by Ptolomy and Locardian by others stretches from Cape Tornese to Cape Jordan 5. The Gulph of Zanchio called formerly Cyparisius Sinus reaches from Cape Jardan to Cape Sapienza II. Gulphs of the Sea of Sapienza or of Candia Here are but two remarkable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Coron which washes the City whence it derives its name called Meseniacus Sinus by Ptolomy and Pliny Messenius by Strabo Coroneus and Asineus Sinus by some and Gulph of Calamata by others It is betwixt Cape Gallo and Cape Matapan 2. The Gulph of Colochina or of Castel Rampani or of Fleos called Laconicus Sinus by Strabo and Ptolomy washes Laconia and extends it self from Cape Matapan to Cape Malio III. Gulphs of the Mare Aegeo towards Morea Here are two remarkable Gulphs viz. 1. The Gulph of Napoli di Komania so called from the City of the same name and formerly Argolicus Sinus because it washed old Argïa its extent is from Cape Angelo to Cape Schilli 2. The Gulph of Engia is separated from that of Lepanto by the Isthmus of Corinth it comprehends a great many little Islands and Rocks It was formerly called Saronicus Sinus from the River Saron Salaminiacus by Pliny and Ptolomy from the Island Salamis Eleusinus by Strabo Hermonicus Sinus by some and lastly Gulph of Egena from the Island so called which is in the middle of it CHAP. VII Of the Islands about Greece Article I. Islands in the Jonian Sea The Islands of Note in this Sea may be reduced to Corfu Curzolaires Islands Santa Maura Cephalonia Teacchi Zante Strivales Islands I. Corfu This is one of the most considerable Islands under the Venetians It has had several Names some call it Scheria others Drepano Ephira Corintoa Effiso Cassiopea Argos Ceraunia Cercira and Corcyra from which lost its present Name of Corfu is derived It is 70 Italian Miles long W. and E. and 20 Miles broad in some Places 12 in others and 120 in compass its Soil is very fruitful abounding with Corn Honey Wine and very good Oyl The Air is serene mild and temperate which may be easily believed if we consider the Forests of Cedar and Orange Trees that grow there There are 100 Villages or Castles and a Town that bears the name of the Island in all which they reckon about 41000 Inhabitants The City of Corfu is seated in the middle of the Island with a very strong Fortress built upon a steep Rock whose foot is washed by the Sea It is an Archbishops See and is governed by six Nobles which are sent thieher every other year by the Republick of Venice who is in possession of this Island since 1327. Before that time it was subject to the Kings of Naples II. Curzolaires Islands The Curzolaires Islands are five in number they were known to the Ancients under the name of Echinades or Echinae the greatest of them are Same and Dulichio about a Mile from the Continent and 31 Miles W. of Lepanto III. Santa Maura The Island of Santa Maura or Lefcade was called by the Ancients Leucus or Leucadia It was formerly a Peninsule joined to the Continent of Achaia but the People of that
abounds with Corn Rosin Pit-coal and Spunges which the Inhabitants Transport to Athens Over-against the Coast of Athens there is a small Borough of 20 Houses called Ambelachi with a little Harbour four or five Miles from this Village was the Ancient City of Salimene a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Athens III. Negropont Negropont is an Island of the Archipelago separated from Achaia by Euripus It was of old called Eubaea and Chalcis the Turks call it Egribos and the Inhabitants Egripos Some Authors tell us that this Island formerly was part of Baeotia a Province of Achaia from whence it was separated by an Earthquake It is 365 Miles in Compass 90 in length from S. to N. and 40 in breadth It s two most noted Capes are Cabo Figera or Cabo d'Oro formerly called Caphareus and Cabo Lithar This Island is very fruitful and abounds in all Provisions There is the Mountain of Caristo famous for its excellent Marble and the Stone Amiantos or Asbestos whereof they make a kind of Linnen which is made clean by casting it into the Fire as being incombustible This Island produces Cotton enough to furnish Sails for a whole Fleet. There are two Rivers in it Similio and Cereo the first of which makes the Fleeces of the Sheep white and the other makes them black if the Poets may be credited The Governour of this Isle is now a Captain Bassa who has the Command also of Achaia During the Government of Doge Pietro Ziani the Emperor of Constantinople bestowed this Island upon the Republick of Venice but they lost it in 1469. The Capital City has the same Name with the Isle and is sometimes called Euripont from Euripus on whose Banks it is seated towards the Continent of Achaia 45 N. of Setines 130 almost S. E. of Larissa and 380 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 48 d. 25 m. Lat. 38 d. 20 m. It is joined to Achaia by a Draw-bridge which leads to a great Tower formerly Built by the Venetians in the Euripus from whence they pass to the Continent by a Stone-bridge of five little Arches This City is about two Miles in compass but the Suburbs which are Inhabited by Greek Christians are more populous than the City where none but Turks and Jews dwell All the Inhabitants are said to amount to the number of 15000 of which 10000 are Christians There are four Mosques one whereof was formerly the Cathedral Church Dedicated to St. Mark and was under the Archbishop of Athens The Jesuits have a House in the Suburbs where they teach Youth The Turks Attack'd this Place in June 1469. with a Fleet of 300 Sail and an Army of 120000 Men Mahomet II. being present the Besieged over-powered by numbers were fain to give way after a Gallant Defence The Proveditor Erizzo upon the Turks entring the City retrenched himself and did not Surrender till the Sultan had promised him his Life but he broke his Promise and caused him to be Sawed through in the midst He had a Daughter called Anne who beeause of her Beauty was presented to Mahomet but she disdaining his Caresses incensed him to that degree that he cut off her Head with his own Hand Afterwards the Turks exercised all manner of Cruelties upon the Garrison and the Inhabitants of the City putting all to the Sword above 20 Years old In 1688. the Venetians Besieged this City with 24000 Men and Storm'd it twice but without Success Of Euripus EVripus is an Arm of the Sea between Achaia and Negropont so narrow just over-against the Capital City of the Island that a single Galley can hardly pass between the Cittadel and Tower of the Venetians The Ancients called it Euripus Euboicus the Natives call it Egripos and the Italians Stretto di Negroponte This Channel has its Ebbs and Flows like the Ocean but still with some particular Differences Aristotle was so puzzled to find out the Reason of the Flux and Reflux of the Euripus that he is said to have cast himself headlong into it tho' others affirm that he Poyson'd himself and others still that he died of a Cholick AN Alphabetical TABLE OF All the Cities Towns Castles c. Described in this Book A. ABarino or Navarino Pag. 253 Acqui Pag. 152 Aelst or Alost Pag. 14 Aerschot Pag. 39 Agnetlin or Agnabat Pag. 194 Agramunt Pag. 159 Agria Pag. 175 Aire or Arien Pag. 69 Aix Pag. 127 Aix la Chapelle Pag. 114 Alba Giulia or Weissemburg Pag. 193 Alba Regalis Pag. 186 Albe Pag. 151 Alesco or Alessio Pag. 228 Albanopoli Pag. 230 Alost or Aelst Pag. 14 Altemburg Pag. 194 Altemburg or Owar Pag. 189 St. Amand Pag. 20 Amphipolis or Emboli Pag. 234 Andernach Pag. 108 Annecy Pag. 132 Antivari Pag. 220 228 Antwerp Pag. 35 Aoust or Aost Pag. 134 Ardenburg Pag. 22 Argos Pag. 259 Arien or Aire Pag. 69 Arlon Pag. 55 Armentiers Pag. 20 Armiro Pag. 236 Arras Pag. 66 Arschot or Aerschot Pag. 39 Ast or Asti Pag. 137 At h Pag. 67 Athens or Setines Pag. 239 Avesnes Pag. 60 Avesnes le Comte Pag. 70 Aulis Pag. 242 B. BAboisca or Baboliza Pag. 189 Bacharach Pag. 90 Baden Pag. 84 Balaguer Pag. 158 Bapaume Pag. 68 Bar Pag. 195 Barcelona Pag. 156 Barcelonnete Pag. 146 Bastia or Bastick Pag. 231 Bastoigne Pag. 55 Bataseck Pag. 190 Bavay Pag. 60 Beaumont Pag. 60 Beila Pag. 135 Belgrade in Servia Pag. 203 Bergen-op-Zoom Pag. 26 Berg St. Winoch Pag. 17 Bestercze or Bistricia Pag. 194 Bethune Pag. 69 Bialogrod Pag. 198 Binch Pag. â—8 Bingen Pag. 97 Birkenfeld Pag. 95 Bistricia Pag. 194 Boisleduc Pag. 24 Bonneville Pag. 129 Bonn Pag. 106 Boppart Pag. 101 Bouchain Pag. 59 Bouillon Pag. 45 Bovines Pag. 50 Braine le Comte Pag. 62 Braclaw Pag. 196 Brasgow Pag. 199 Breda Pag. 25 Brey Pag. 47 Brisac Pag. 82 Brodt Pag. 211 Brodrogh Pag. 180 Bruges Pag. 11 Brussels Pag. 30 Buda or Offen Pag. 181 Budoa Pag. 219 Burich Pag. 112 C. CAlamata Pag. 253 Calcar Pag. 112 Caminitza Pag. 250 Cambray Pag. 63 Caminieck or Kaminieck Pag. 195 Campredon Pag. 160 Caâ—et Pag. 163 Candia Pag. 269 Canisa or Kanisca Pag. 187 Cardona Pag. 159 Carignan Pag. 139 Carmagnola Pag. 143 Casal Pag. 150 Caschaw or Cassovia Pag. 175 Caseloutre or Keiserslautern Pag. 90 Cassel Pag. 19 Castanovitza Pag. 214 Castel-Nuovo Pag. 218 Castel-Tornese Pag. 250 Cattaro Pag. 219 Caub Pag. 90 Ceva Pag. 139 Chambery Pag. 126 Charlemont Pag. 50 Charleroy Pag. 50 Chasteau-Cambresis Pag. 65 Cefalonia Pag. 264 Chiarenza Pag. 249 Chiery or Quiers Pag. 140 Chilafa or Chielafa Pag. 256 Chimay Pag. 60 Chimera Pag. 232 Chiney Pag. 45 Chonad Pag. 180 Cinq Eglises Pag. 188 Clausenburg Pag. 193 Cleves Pag. 110 Clissa Pag. 217 Coblentz Pag. 100 Collioure Pag. 164 Colmar Pag. 80 Colocza Pag. 176 Cologne Pag. 103 Conde Pag. 58 Coni Pag. 140 Corfu Pag. 263 Corinth or Gerame Pag. 259 Coron Pag. 252 Courtray Pag. 18 Crevecoeur Pag. 65 Creutznach Pag. 90 Croia Pag. 229 Cronstadt or