Oxford where his Sister had then fixed her Residence without success She by her Brothers Relation finding the Legat had no kindness for or inclination to her Cause marched to [5.] Ib. n 30 40 50. Cont. of Flor. ut sup She marcheth with an Army to Winchester Ego me parabo The principal Adherents to the Empress The Bishop of Winchester and Legat sends for the Londoners Winchester blocked up and fired Winchester with such an Army as she could get together and was without difficulty received into the Royal Castle there and sent for the Bishop to come to her without delay He thinking it not safe eluded the Messengers with an ambiguous Answer That he would prepare himself And immediately sent for all he knew favoured King Stephen Most of the Earls of England came to him who were young light Men such as the King advanced With the Empress were David King of Scots Robert Earl of Gloucester Milo then of Hereford and a few Barons Ranulph Earl of Chester came slowly towards her and to no purpose as it appeared in the Issue The Legat had likewise sent to the Londoners who came in great numbers and by their assistance the City was blocked up all Passages to it being so guarded that Victuals and Necessaries could not be brought into it without difficulty and danger While they were thus streightned without Fire was thrown from the Bishops Tower upon the Citizens Houses because they were more inclined to the Empress than to him This Fire took hold of a Nunnery within the City and burnt it down and of the Abby called Hide without the City and burnt that down William of Ipre burnt also the Nunnery of Warwell which was six Miles from Winchester The City being thus as it were besieged [6.] Malmsb. f. 108. a. n. 10 20 30. Earl Robert sends the Empress from Winchester He is taken Prisoner the Earl prepared for their departure and sent his Sister before with the greatest part of the Army and best Troops Marching in great order he followed some time after with a few but such as feared not many The Earls immediately follow him and while he thought it a dishonour to â—ly he was set upon by all of them and taken The rest the Noblemen especially with great speed kept on their Journey and escaped to the Castle of Devises So they left Winchester on the day of the Exaltation of Holy Cross Septemb. 14. having come thither some few days before the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin August 15. His firmness to his Sisters Cause The Earl was sent Prisoner to Rochester and attaqued both by large Promises Persuasion and Threats to leave his Sisters Cause but nothing * Malmsb. f. 109. a. b. The King and Earl exchanged upon equal Terms could prevail with him to desert her At last the King and he were Released and Exchanged upon even Terms and left to pursue their several Interests Several Propositions for both their Liberties had been made and discoursed of from the day the Earl was taken until All-Saints at which time the Exchange was agreed to on both sides After they were free the King came to Winchester and the Earl went to his Sister at Oxford the place of her constant Residence The Legat proceeds in his Design to ruine the Empress Anno Domini 1142 or 1143. and by his Legantine Power [7.] Ibid. f. 108. a. n. 30. The Legats Design to ruine the Empress calls a Council to meet eight days after St. Andrew at Westminster The Popes Letters to him are openly read in which he is blamed that he did not more strenuously endeavour to release his Brother and exhorted to use all Power both Ecclesiastical and Secular to do it The King [8.] Ibidem n. 40 50. King Stephen makes his Complaints in that Council The Legat gives his Reasons why he received the Empress came into the Council and complained that his Vassals or Feudataries to whom he had never denied Justice had imprisoned and reproachfully used him to his great Affliction The Legat by his Rhetoric endeavours to free his Invidious Actions from Censure pretending he received the Empress by Compulsion and Necessity not with Favour or good Will for presently after the Kings Army was routed when the Lords either fled or expected what would be the event of things she with her Assistants came to Winchester and what Bargain she made there or Promises to preserve the Rights of the Church she obstinately broke them all Besides he said That she and her Friends had contrived not only to deprive him of his Dignity but his Life but God in his Mercy had beyond her hope so ordered things He Deposeth the Empress as far as he can King Stephen's Title He Excommunicates all Favourers of the Empress that he escaped Destruction and his Brother was freed from his Bonds and therefore Commanded them on the behalf of God and the Pope that they should aid the King with their utmost Power who was Anointed by the Will of the People and Assent of the Apostolick See and to Excommunicate all Perturbers of the Peace that favoured the Dutchess of Anjou The Historian says he was not present in this Council and therefore [9.] Ibidem lin 37. could not say so exactly what was done in it as in the former but he thought the Legats words [1.] Ibid. b. lin 1. c. The Legats Speech in that Council not received by all though by silence allowed The Empress defended by a Laick were not grateful to all the Clergy yet none contradicted and all for fear or Reverence kept silent only one Lay-Messenger from the Empress forbad the Legat to act any thing in that Council contrary to her Honour by the Faith he had engaged to her That he had given his Faith to the Empress not to assist his Brother That she came into England by his invitation That she had taken the King and kept him Prisoner was by his Connivance This the Messenger said and much more with great Briskness but could not move the Legat to Anger or to make Answer From the time of this Council until [2.] Ibidem f. 109. b. n. 10 20 30. An. Do. 1143. The Empress holds a Council at Devises Lent both Parties were quiet but then the King began to move and the Empress likewise and came to the Devises and held a Council there in which it was Resolved she should send for her Husband the Duke of Anjou She is advised to send to the Duke of Anjou her Husband Messengers go for him to help her to recover the Inheritance of her and her Children which Resolution was forthwith spread among the People and Honourable Persons sent for him About Easter the King fell sick at Northampton and so continued until after Whitsunday The Messengers return from Anjou and deliver what they brought back to the Empress in a second Council holden at the Devises which was
921. C. D. f. 922. A. B. The Earl of Chester obtains Assistance Gloucester takes hold of the occasion joyns the Forces he had and others he immediately raised with those of his Son in Law and marched toward Lincoln Upon his approach the King marched towards him in Battalia his Army consisting of a Main Body and two Wings He Commanded the Main Body himself one of the Wings consisted of Flemmings which William de Ipre Commanded and of Britains which Earl Alan Commanded The other was Commanded by Waleran Earl of Mellent There were also in this Army William de Warenna Gilbert de Clare and Balduin Fitz-Vrse Engelran Saye and Ilbert Lacy. The Battle of Lincoln The Earls Army was drawn up in the same manner Robert Earl of Gloucestâ—r led on the Main Body the Earl of Chester one Wing aâ— the two Brothers Mariadoc and Kalader the Welsh which made the other Wing The Welsh charged the Flemmings and Britains and soon routed them The Kings Army routed The Earl of Chester charged the Earl of Mellent who fled presently King Stephen shewed his Personal Courage in this Battle His Personal Courage He is taken Prisoner he fought bravely and stoutly against the Earl of Gloucester until he was deserted by all his Horse when he yielded himself to him Baldwin de Clare Richard Fitz-Vrse Engelran de Saia and Ilbert Lacy staid by the King and fought valiantly so long as they were able The City plundered and many Citizens killed After the Battle the Earls Army miserably wasted the City and requited the Citizens for their kindness to King Stephen by killing very many of them The [5.] Malms f. 106. a. n. 40. He is Imprisoned at Gloucester and put in Irons Earl presented the King to his Sister then at Gloucester from whence for more security he was carried to Bristol where he was Honourably used until by the instigation of some who affirmed that he had been several times out of the places appointed for his safe Custody especially in the night by the Connivance of his Keepers and therefore was put in Irons The Empress and Earl [6.] Ib. n. 50. b. n. 10 20. with great importunity by Messengers moved the Legat that she might be received to the Government as the Daughter of King Henry to whom all England and Normandy had sworn Fidelity A Treaty between the Empress and Legat in an open Plain Her Oath to him On the third Sunday in Lent they came to a Conference in an open Plain by Winchester The Queen swore to the Bishop he should Order and Direct all the great Business in England and should dispose of all Bishopricks and Abbies if he would keep perpetual Fidelity to her and with Holy Church receive her as Queen The Earl of Gloucester Brian Fitz-Count * Marchâ—o de Walingford He was Constable of Walingford Castle The Legat acknowledged her Queen His Oath to her Marquess of Wallingford and Milo of Gloucester afterwards Earl of Hereford and some others did together with her swear the same things The Bishop then acknowledged her Queen of England and some of his Friends with him made Oath to her That so long as she should make good what she had promised him he should be faithful to her The next day she was received into the City of Winchester and the Cathedral with a Noble Procession The Legat led her into the Church by the Right Hand and the Bishop of St. Davids by the left There were many Bishops Abbats Barons and Knights present [7.] Contin â—lor Worcest f. 676. The Legat Cursed those which Cursed her and Blessed those which Blessed her Those which were Obedient to her Commands he Absolved such as were not he Excommunicated From Winchester she went with the Court to Wilton where came to her Theobald the Arch-Bishop and made his Recognition of her as Queen Here she kept her Easter and there was a mighty affluence of People On the Ninth of [8.] Malms ut supra n. 30 40 50. f. 106. a. lin 1. c. The Monk of Malmsbury says he was present in this Council and gave great attention to what was done April there was a Council of all the Bishops of England and many Abbats at Winchester in which the Legat presided notwithstanding the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury was there The Legat had private Conference with the Bishops apart with the Abbats apart and with the Arch-Deacons apart The next day he makes a Speech to them all Setting forth the cause of their meeting was to Consult of the Peace of the Country tells them of the flourishing estate of the Kingdom The Legats Speech to the Bishops in the Reign of King Henry That many years before his death he had received an Oath of England and Normandy for the Succession of his Daughter and her Issue That she being in Normandy at the time of his death delayed to come into England for the Peace of the Country his Brother was permitted to Reign He says further That though he made himself a Pledge between God and him that he should Honour and Exalt Holy Church maintain the good Laws He accuseth his Brother King Stephen of many Crimes and abrogate the Evil yet it grieved him to remember and he was ashamed to speak how he had behaved himself in the Kingdom the Peace of it was destroyed and no Punishment inflicted upon Evil Doers Bishops were imprisoned and forced to deliver up their Possessions Abbies were sold and Churches robbed The Counsel of ill Men took place and the Advice of good Men was despised That he had Convented him before a Council of Bishops and got nothing but hatred for it He ought indeed to love his Mortal Brother but much more the Cause of his Immortal Father and therefore seeing God had exercised his Judgment upon him to let him fall into the hands of powerful Men lest the Kingdom might be ruined for want of a Governor He declares the power of Electing Kings to be in the Clergy I have called you all hither by my Legantine Power yesterday the Cause was propounded in private to the greatest part of the Clergy of England to whom of right it belongs to Elect and Ordain a King and therefore after having as is meet invoked the Divine Assistance They elect Maud the Empress Queen we Elect Maud the Daughter of the Peaceable Glorious Rich and in our time incomparable King Queen of England and to her we promise our Faith and Defence of her Person and Government All that were [9.] Ibidem n. 10. present either assented to what he said or by their silence seemed not to contradict it The Legat adds We have summoned the Londoners The Londoners present in this Council who in respect of the greatness of their City may be compared with the great Men of England and sent them a safe Conduct and that he hoped they would not stay beyond the next day
with one Maid only sent her to the Nunnery of Warewell to be kept there by the Abbess [3.] Ingulph Hist 510. b. William Duke of Normanâ—y comes into England An. Dom. About this time William Duke of Normandy with a great train of Followers coming into England was honourably entertained by Edward and had many of the Cities and Castles shewn unto him although at that time there was no discourse of Succession between them after some time spent liere being richly presented he returned home Emme the Mother of Edward died and was buried at Winchester A. D. 1052. Emme King Edward's Mother dies She undergoes Fire-Ordale See the Glossary in the word The Crimes objected to her Godwin in the Life of Robert Archbishop confutes this Story and argues it of falshood p. 80. and makes it appear idle who for all her great Vertues escaped not the Malice of her Enemies although she either fortunately or miraculously if the Story be true escaped burning by Fire-Ordale Her chief Enemy was Robert Archbishop of Canterbury the Crimes objected were her consenting to the death of her Son Alfred that she had a greater affection for her Danish than English Children and Incontinency with Alwine Bishop of Winchester but having blindfolded and barefooted passed and stepped over and between nine Plough-shares red hot without hurt or burning not touching any of them in the presence of her Son and many of his Peers by her thankful and humble demeanor toward God and the World she recovered the good opinion of King and People [4.] Sim. Dunel A. D. 1052. Godwin and his Sons infest the Coasts and come up the Thames And draw together a Land-Army The K. marched towards them with his Army During their Exile Godwin and his Sons much infested the Coasts of England in the West and South at last Harold joyning with his Father came up the Thames toward London with their Fleet where a Land Army of Londoners and Country-men out of their several Earldoms met them at Southwark which by their Agents and Emissaries under many fair Pretences and Suggestions they had drawn together the King being then in London marched and advanced his Army and Fleet against Godwin's the Fleets being placed on the contrary sides of the River and the Armies on the contrary Banks the chief men on both Parties being English had no great Stomachs to fight one against the other but rather thought it more Prudence to mediate between the King and Godwin The Differences composed without Battle Eadmen fol. 4. which they did and brought them to an accommodation But the King suspecting Godwin's Subtilty and Instability would not consent to Peace before Wulnoth the Son of Godwin and Hacun the Son of Swane were delivered Hostages for his good behaviour to William Duke of Normandy Godwin and his Sons restored and then he and his Sons were restored to all their former Rights and Enjoyments except Swane who troubled in Conscience for the Murther of his Kinsman Beorn went to Jerusalem Bare-foot and in his return died Edward also received his Queen Edith Godwin's Daughter in the same Dignity she was before This done the Normans who had given the King ill Council and under his Authority done many unjust things [5.] John â—rompâ—on Robert Archbishop of Canterbury The Normans banisâ—â—d William Bishop of London Vls of Dorcester c. were banished the Realm [6] Bâ—pt col â—4â— A. D. â—0â—3 Edw. Con â—â— Robert Archbishop died beyond Sea but William for his excellent goodness a little while after was recalled from banishment and restored to his Bishoprick Soon after Earl [7.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1053. Godwin diâ—s Eadmer fol. 4. Fol. 510. b. n. 30 40 Godwin sitting with the King at Table taken Speechâ—ess sunk down suddenly in his seat as dead his three Sons Harold Tosti and Girth carrying him into the King's Chamber in hopes he might revive but the fifth day after he died By Ingulph and others 't is storied that Edward as he sat at Table reproving him for the death of his Brother Alfred he took a Morsel and wished it might choak him if he were guilty with which endeavouring to swallow it he was choaked And his 8. Earldom of Kent and West-Saxony was given to his Son Harold and his to Algar Son of Leoâ—ric Macbeth vanquished by Siward Earl of Northumbâ—r Siward the stout Earl of Northumberland by the King's order made an Expedition into Scotland vanquished the Tyrant [9.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1054. Macbeth and made Malcolme Son to the King of Cumberland King of Scotland within two years after this great action Siward dies and Tosti Brother to Harold was made Earl of [1.] Ingulph ut sup A. D. 1056. Earl Algar banished recovers his Earldom by assitance of Griff. King of Wales Northumberland About this time Earl Algan was banished without a cause but invading England with the assistance of Griffin King of Wales he was restored to the King's favour [2.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1057. Edward first Son of Edmund Ironsides sent for into Hungary A. D. 1058. Ingulph Hist 511. a. Algar is banished and again recovers his Earldom King Edward now sent into Hungary for his Nephew Edward Son to Edmund Ironside who as he was right Heir to the Crown so he intended to make him his Successor but he died not long after he came into England in this year good old Leoâ—ric commonly stiled Earl of Leicester but indeed Earl of Mercia died a wise and prudent man and Algar his Son succeeded him in his Earldom whom Edward banished the second time but again by the aid of Griffin and a Fleet from Norway by force recovered his Earldom in the year following he dies and leaves Edwin and Morear his Sons [3.] Sim. Dun. A. D. 1063. 1064. Ingulph A. D. 1063. Griffin King of Wales overcome by Harold The Welch under the conduct of Griffin their King invade and harass those parts of England next Wales but vanquished and overcome by Harold and his Brother Tosti at the King's appointment they submit and promise to pay Tribute depose and kill their King [4.] Ingulph A. D. 1065. Fol. 511. b. n. 30. Edward gives Wales to Griffin's Brother's Blechgent and Rithwalan who swore Fidelity to him by Harold his Representative promising all ready Service by Sea and Land and to pay whatever used to be paid to the Kings of England Tosti returning into Northumberland which was then accounted all that part of England beyond Humber Northwards used the People severely and [5.] Sim. Dun. A. D. 1069. The Northumbrians Tumult against Tosti Harold sent to appease them imposed high and grievous Taxes upon them committing many Out-rages the People run to Arms beset his Palace kill his Souldiers and Servants Plunder it and force him to fly for his life thus urged by danger and Tumult Tosti Petitions the King to send his Brother Harold and others to hear
mentioned his Holiness gained the first Poâ—ut of his Usurped Jurisdiction in England although William still retained the absolute Power of investing Bishops and seemed only to use the Advice and Assistance of the Legats in Ecclesiastical Matters for that no Decree or Constitution was put in Execution without his Royal Assent [8.] Eadmer ut supra n. 49. Lanfranc made Arch-Bishop An Do. 1071. In the first year of his Reign Lanfranc Abbat of Caen in Normandy a stout Man and very much skilled in Divine and Humane Affairs was made Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and Consecrated the fourth of the Kalends of Sptember or the Twenty ninth of August [9.] Malms de gest Pon. lib. â— fol. 117. a b. The Pope Decreed the Controversie about the Primacy between York and Canterbury ought to be decided in England Afterwards going to Rome for his Pall Thomas Arch-Bishop of York whom he had Consecrated went with him where Thomas propounding to Pope Alexander the Controversie between himself and Lanfranc about the Primacy and Subjection of the See of York to Canterbury and the three Bishopricks of Lincoln Worcester and Litchfield which he claimed as subject to York The Pope Decreed That the Cause ought to be heard in England and decided by the Testimony and Judgment of all the Bishops and Abbats of the whole Kingdom [1.] Spelm. Concil vol. 2. fol. 6. Anno Domini 1072. Sir John Danis Irish Reports fol. 89. b. After two Discussions one at Winchester in the Kings Chappel there in the Castle in the Solemnity of Easter and the other at Windsor in the Feast of Pentecost it was finally determined in the presence of the King Bishops Abbats and of Hubert Legat of the Roman Church as says [2.] Fol. 8. n. 30. Paris and many other Orders of Men met there upon the (o) The Conqueror commonly kept Easter at Winchester Whitsunday at Windsor or Westminster and Christmass at Gloucester at which times were present in Court all the Temporal Nobility Bishops Abbats c. through all England so that at those times he could hold a great Council or Synod at a days warning when he pleased and at those times were commonly held the Great Councils for all Publick Affairs occasion of that Festival [3.] Malms ut supra b. n. 20 30 40. The Church of York ought to be subject to Canterbury The Jurisdiction of York extended to the further part of Scotland Upon proof made by old Authorities and Writings that the Church of York ought to be subject to the Church of Canterbury and the Arch-Bishop of York to obey the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury in all things pertaining to Christian Religion as the Primate of all Britain That the Bishoprick of Duresm and all the Countries from the bounds of the Bishoprick of Litchfield and from the great River Humber unto the furthest part of Scotland should be the Province and under the Jurisdiction of York so that if the Arch-Bishop called a Council wherever he pleased the Arch-Bishop of York with his Suffragans were to be present there and give obedience to what should be determined That the Arch-Bishop of York ought to receive Episcopal Benediction from him and under Oath to make unto him Canonical Profession To these Constitutions the King Arch-Bishops Bishops Abbats and all these present agreed and as [4.] Hist Nov. fol. 9. n. 20. Eadmer says who had most reason to know best they were confirmed by the Testimony of the Kings Seal About this time he amended [5.] Cart. in Append. n. 11. The Ecclesiastical and Civil Jurisdiction distinguished the Episcopal Laws which had not been well observed by the Common Council of his Arch-Bishops Bishops Abbats and all the Chief Men of his Kingdom and Commanded by his Regal Authority That no Bishop or Arch-Deacon should hold Pleas in the Hundred concerning Episcopal Laws nor should bring any Cause pertaining to the Government of Souls before a Secular Judicature but that every one that had transgressed Episcopal Laws should be judged in a place where the Bishop should appoint according to the same Laws and Canons * This is left out by Mr. Selden f. 167 168. Not. in Eadmer No Sheriff Minister or Laick to meddle with Episcopal Laws and if any one was so obstinate as not to appear at the third Summons he should be Excommunicated and if need were the Kings or Sheriffs Power were to be added and further Commanded That no Sheriff Minister or Laick should intermeddle with the Bishops Laws Before this the Bishop sat with the Sheriff in the County Court or Turn and with the Hundredary in the Hundred Court if he pleased where they promiscuously determined Ecclesiastical and Secular Causes and from this time the separation of both Jurisdictions bear date And further out of the fulness of Ecclesiastical Power with which he thought himself invested in right of his Crown [6.] Cleopat E. 1. Bibl. Coâ—ton 1. vol. of the State of he Church ex Chart. Willielmi sub sigillo ibid. by the Assent of Lanfranc Arch-Bishop and Stigand Bishop of Chichester in a Council of his Bishops and Barons granted to the Church of St. Martin of Battle-Abby which he founded [7.] In Append n. 12. An. Do. 1086. all the freedom from subjection imaginable and that although it was within the Diocess of Winchester yet it should not be subject to the Bishop Great Priviledges granted by William to Battle Abby and that in his Visitation he should not lodge there nor in any of the Maners belonging to it and that in all things in the same Church and a League every way round about it the Abbat should be Lord and Judge The Violators of which Constitution were for ever anathematized by Lanfranc Archbishop Stigand aforesaid Walkelin Bishop of Winchester Wolstan Bishop of Worcerster all then present The Pope sent to William by his Legat Hubert to do him Fealty and pay him the Arrears of Peter-Pence but though willing to gratifie him in one he absolutely [8.] In Appest n. 13. The Conqueror refuseth to be Feudatary to the Pope denied the other and refused to become his Feudatary or Vassal for the Kingdom of England Archbishop Lanfranc in this Kings Reign held and presided in many Councils in one at London [9.] Spelm. Concil fol. 7 8. vol. 2. Anno Domini 1075. Bishopricks removed from Villages to Cities The Clergy not to give Judgment in loss of Life or Member wherein because it was forbidden by the Councils of Sardis and Laodicea that Bishops Sees should be in Villages therefore by the Kings Munificence and Authority of this Synod Bishop Hermannus removed from Sherborn to Salisbury Stigand from Selsey to Chichester Peter from Litchfield to Chester and afterwards Remigius from Dorchester a Village in Oxfordshire to Lincoln It was also Ordained in this Council that according to the Council of Eliberis and the Eleventh of Toledo both Cities in Spain that no Bishop or Abbat
Sea where William Talvace Earl of Sees and his Son John and his Grandchild John the Son of his eldest Son Guido Earl of Pontheu [6.] Chron. Norm f. 1000. C. The Earl of Sees delivers his Castles to King Henry delivered to him the Castles of Alencon and Roc-Mabine with what belonged to them and they lost them for the ill Practises of them and their Predecessors which King Henry abolished From thence he went into Britany with an Army and there [7.] Ibid. D. Joh. Bromton ut supra n. 40. King Henry Marries his Son Geofry to the Daughter of the Duke of Britany And reduceth the Country to his Obedience made a Match between his Son Geofry and Constance Daughter and Heir of Conan Duke of Britan lately dead though neither of them Marriagable where though he found opposition yet he soon reduced his Enemies and the Country to obedience he besieged the Castle of Fougeres in the Confines of Normandy and Britany took and rased it to the ground At Touars he received the Homage of almost all the Barons and from thence he went to Rennes which is the chief City and by that was seised or took possession of the whole Dukedom and because he had neither seen Dol nor Combourgh he visited them in the way to his Devotions at Mont-St Michael At Christmass King Henry was at [8.] Chron. Noâ—man f. 1101. A. King Henry marcheth into Avergn and asserts the Title of the Disinherited Earl Poictiers where his Son Henry came to him from England In Lent he had a Conference with the Earl of St. Giles at Grammont After Easter he marcheth with his Army into Avergn and wasted the Lands of Earl William who engaged upon his Faith to stand to Justice in the presence of the King in relation to his Nephew the young Earl of Avergn whom he had disinherited but he broke his Faith went over to the King of France and made Discord between them On Trinity [9.] Ibid B. An. Do 1166. A Treaty of Peace between the two Kings without effect They burn each others Towns and Villages Sunday the two Kings met in Veuxin where they Treated of Peace but the great Men of France exasperated their King against King Henry and so nothing was then done whereupon both sides fortified their Castles and brought together what Forces they could The King of France burnt several Villages between Mant and Pacey King Henry provoked by that Action though with great deference to King Lewis saith the Chronicle burnt the Strong and Rich Castle of Chaumont by Gisors which was the King of France his Magazine of Victuals and there also his Money was lodged to carry on the War with very many Villages about it At which the King of France was much moved and burnt Vadum Nigasiâ— that is Gany L'Isle and other Villages in Veuxin belonging to the Abby of St. Owen in Roven he burnt also the good Town of Andeli Sur Sein which belonged to St. Mary and the Arch-Bishop of Roven and wasted some other places appertaining to the Church of Holy Trinity of that City In August there was a [1.] Ibidem C. D. A Truce between the two Kings King Henry subdued Britany Maud the Empress dies Leaves great Treasure to Monasteries and the Poor Gives a great Sum toward the building a Stone Bridge at Roven Truce made and Sworn by both Kings until Easter From hence King Henry went into Britany and brought under his subjection all the Britans and those of St. Pol de Leon for Gaimar Son of Henry Viscount of that Town gave Pledges and submitted to the King being much affrighted when he saw his very strong Castle taken and burnt and other places either taken or rendred While he was thus busied in Britany a Messenger came to him with the News of his Mother Maud the Empresses death She died the Tenth of September at Roven and was buried at the Abby of Bec. Thesauros infinitos c. Her Son distributed her vast Treasure to Churches Monasteries Lepers and other Poor for the health of her Soul She built three Monasteries in Normandy and gave a great Sum of Money toward building the Stone Bridge at Roven which she had begun The greatest part of the [2.] Ibidem f. 1002. Anno Dom. 1167. The Poictovins and Anjovins Conspire against King Henry He burns and wastes their Country They apply themselves to the King of France Poictovins and Aquitans Conspired against King Henry and wasted the Country with Burning and Rapine he marcheth into their Country destroys their Towns and Villages takes their Castles and puts Garisons into them of his own Soldiers and leaves those Countries to the Care of his Queen and Patrick Earl of Salisbury while he goes to meet the King of France eight days after Easter between Mant and Pacey to Discourse and Expostulate with him about the Injuries he had received from him for the Poictovins had applied themselves to the King of France and put themselves under his Protection and given him Pledges for their Fidelity to him notwithstanding they were King Henry's proper Subjects There was great Debate between the two Kings about this Matter The Truce continued but the King of France would not deliver his Hostages though received against Justice and therefore the Truce was only prolonged until eight days after Midsummer Before the last [3.] Ibidem C. D. The Britans Confederate against the King of England Truce was made the King of England had Summoned Eudo Vicecomes or Viscount of Porhoet who by a false Title was called Earl he had received many kindnesses from the King yet refused to come to his Service and Assistance having Confederated with other Britans to wit Oliver Fitz-Oliver of Dinan and his Cousin Rowland King Henry was very angry with them and began first with Eudo who was the Chief he took his chief Castle He reduceth them by Fire and Sword and burnt and wasted all his Territories he took from him the County of Broguerec whereof the City of Vannes was the Head and took possession of that also After this he marched to Dinan and took that and all the Fortresses in the Country about it into his possession Then he went to the Lands of Rowland and plundered and burnt them Eight [4.] Ibid. D. An unsuccessful Treaty days after Midsummer the two Kings came together again at Ferte-Bernard a Castle in Main near the edge of Perch to Treat of Peace and as before departed without success for the Britrins and Poictovins when they gave Hostages to the King of France he Covenanted with them That he should make no Peace with the King of England without their Consent The two Kings fortifie their Borders Hereupon both sides fortifie their Borders and this sort of skirmishing or fighting continued until Advent King [5.] Ibidem A. B. The Earl of Pontheu denies the Earl of Bologn passage through his Country The Earl of Bologn
commanded his Feet should be cut off if he was a Clerc then to lose his Eyes and Genitals if a Laic to be hanged if a Leper to be burnt And if any Bishop fearing such interdict would depart the Nation he should carry nothing with him but his Staffe He willed also that all Scholars should return into England or they should be deprived of their Benefices and such as staid should never return The Priests that would not chant or sing Masse he ordered to be Gelt and all such as were Rebels to him were to lose their Fees or livelyhoods He also sent his [4] Append. n. 47. The King Commands the Sheriffs to imprison all such as Appealed to the Pope c. and to seize the Rents and Possessions of the Arch-Bishop Writs to all the Sheriffs in England That they should imprison all such as Appealed to Rome until his Pleasure was Known That they should seize all the Rents and Possessions of the Arch-Bishop as Ralph de Brocke and his other Ministers should direct That they should take security for the good behaviour of the Fathers Mothers Sisters Brothers Nephews and Nieces of all such Clercs as were with the Arch-Bishop and also that their goods should be forth-coming until his pleasure was Known When he [5] Hoved. f. 286. b. N. 10. A. D. 1166. He Banished all his Relations returned out of Normandy into England in the year 1166. he Banished out of England and all his Dominions all Men and Women that he could find which were akin to the Arch-Bishop and spared not the Children sucking their Mothers Breasts and he had not been two years in the Abby of Pontigny in the confines of Champaign and Burgundy with Warin and his Monks to whom Pope Alexander had recommended him [6] Ib. N. 20. And forced him to leave the Monastery of Pontigny But King Henry sent to the Abbat That if he sheltered any longer the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury in his Monastery he would Banish all the Monks of his * They were Cistertians From whence he goes to the Abby of St. Columb Order out of England The Arch-Bishop being told of this Message of his own accord left the place lest for his sake so many Religious houses might perish And from thence he went to the King of France who received him very kindly and sent him to the Abby of St. Columb near the City of Sens. Pope Alexander writes to [7] Hoveden ut supra n. 30. c. The Pope writes to King Hen. in behalf of Thomas And tells hiâ— of the difference of the Secular and Ecclesiastic power and rights And advises him not to confound them King Henry in favor of the Cause of Thomas the Arch-Bishop and tells him that as the Seculars were Distinguished in Life and Habit from Clercs so their Courts were quite Different That therefore he had perverted them by an indecent order and usurped those things which belong to Christ by making new Laws according to his own Will to the oppression of the Church and poor of Christ and so Exhorts him to permit every one to have his own Right and to leave Ecclesiastical matters and especially such as were Criminal about breach of Faith or Oath de laesione fidei aut Juramenti The Causes also which concern the things and possessions of Churches to be discussed by Ecclesiastic persons because it neither was Expedient nor became him to confound the Secular and Ecclesiastic government Regnum Sacerdotium confundere non adeo Serenitatem tuam Deceret nec etiam expediret He also wrote to [8] Append. N. 48. Gilbert Bishop of London to perswade the King to be kind to the Church and Receive the Arch-Bishop into favour The Bishop of [9] Ibidem N. 49. He writes also to the Bishop of London to incline the Kings affection to Thomas and the Church The Kings sober and complying answer to his proposals London takes to his assistance Richard Bishop of Hereford they both urge the King according to their instructions given them by the Pope in this and other Epistles who they tell him received his Correptions very thankfully and with great temper of mind answered every thing very modestly First That he had no aversion to him nor ever thought of any such thing That while he shew him his Paternal grace and favour The King would Love him as his Father and honor and cherish the Roman Church as his Mother and humbly obey his holy Commands saving his own and the Dignity of his Kingdom That if at any time he had been Deficient in his Reverence toward him it was because when he had in his necessity with his whole heart mind and strength espoused his Cause yet afterwards he being in great straights his Holiness failed him and to every Petition gave him a Repulse He said he will hinder no man from visiting your Holiness nor as yet hath he done it In Appeals according to the ancient Constitution of his Kingdom he affirms that no Clerc ought for a Civil Cause ob Civilem Causam to go out of his Kingdom before he had by his Authority and precept tryed whether he could obtein his right or not if he cannot any one might and shall Appeal to you In which if he did any ways prejudice your right or honor he would amend it by advice of the Church of his own Kingdom He asserts he never Expelled the Arch-Bishop out of his Kingdom and as he went of his own accord so he may freely return again to his Church when he please On Condition he observe his Royal Dignities which he Swore to observe though now he calls them wicked and unjust and if any Church or Ecclesiastical person can shew himself grieved by him or any of his he is ready to make Satisfaction according to the Judgment of the whole Church These they say were the [1] Ibidem Kings Answers and beseech his sublimity to consider what Issue this Affair is like to have when as the King seems much to justifie himself in that he submits in all things to the Counsel and judgment of the Church of his Kingdom And the Arch-Bishop may Return upon the Condition before Expressed And do supplicate his * Excellentiae vestrae supplicandum aestimavimus Excellency to act Mildly and not to pronounce sentenâ—e of Interdict or Excommunication against him lest he should force the King and with him much people and innumerable Churches from his Obedience The Arch-Bishops Suffragans or the Bishops of his Province [2] Append. N. 50. The Bishops of the Province of Canturbury write to the Arch-Bishop in behalf of the King they excuse him and exhort Thomas to a compliance wrote to him They did hope that those things which by his unexpected Departure and by the newness of the thing it self had been put into Confusion might by his humility and prudence with Cooperating Grace have been reduced into their former peaceable Condition And it
he had been chosen by the Popes procurement but the execution of these points was delayed until the Octaves of or Eight days after Midsummer after the Treaty King John sent his Mother Alienor to Alfonso King of Castile for his Daughter that was to be married to Lewis An Ayd of 3 â— every Plough-land Son of Philip King of France and in the mean time he passed into England and took of every Plough-land of all England Three shillings for an Ayd Et cepit de unaquaque Carucata totius Angliae tres solidos de auxilio In Lent he went to York expecting the King of Scots would meet him there but he came not and then he returned into Normandy In the mean time [6] Ibidem f. 456. a.n. 30. A. D. 1200. his Mother Alienor had brought her Grandchild and his Niece Blanch as far as Burdeaux The old Queen wearied with the length of the Journey took in at the Abby of Font-Ebrald to refresh her Self Articles of the Treaty between the two Kings executed and the young Lady passed on under the Conduct of the Arch-Bishop of that City into Normandy and was by him delivered to her Uncle King Iohn Eight days after Midsummer as it was appointed the two Kings met and Treated Convenerunt ad Colloquium in which Treaty the King of France delivered to King Iohn the City of Eureux with the Earldom and all the Castles Cities and Lands he had possessed himself of by War in Normandy and the other Dominions of the King of England and King Iohn presently became his Man or did him Homage [7] Ibid. n. 40.50 King John doth Homage to King Philip. Iohannes Rex Angliae statim devenit inde homo Philippi Regis Franciae and forthwith gave all these things to Lewis his Son in Marriage with his Niece who the next day were Married in Normandy by the Arch-Bishop of Burdeaux in the presence of many Bishops and Religious persons and many Earls and Barons of France which was then under the Sentence of Interdict for the Kings Repudâ—tion of Isemburg of Denmark The same day the [8] Ibid. b. l. 1 2 3 4. Duke Arthur doth Homage to King John two Kings were at a Colloquium or Parle at Vernon where Duke Arthur did Homage to his Vncle King Iohn by consent of the King of France for Britany and his other Countreys but was delivered by him to the King of France in custody And that this Peace might remain the more firm the particulars of it were put in writing and it was Agreed that if in any thing The conditions of the Treaty between the two Kings the King of France did violate it then the Barons of France which he assigned his Fide-jussors or Security for the preservation of it and their Men or Homagers were to be free from the Fealty they ought him and were obliged by Oath to go into the service of the King of England to assist him and in like manner the Barons of the King of England that were his Vndertakers and Security obliged themselves to desert him and help the King of France and were freed from their Fealty if he brake it The particulars of this Peace are now of small moment unless that they shew the manner of Estates and way of Living was then the same all France over in Normandy and in England and perhaps in most parts of Europe That part which the King of France executed and remained with the King of England is to be found in Hoveden f. 463. a. n. 10. And that part which the King of England executed and remained with the King of France is to be found in the Norman Writers put out by Dâ— Chesne A. D. 1619. f. 1055. B. This year there happened a famous Tryal about the Title of a Barony which Hoveden hath misplaced A Tryal about the Title of a Barony for it was before the King when he was in England before he returned into Normandy to Marry his Niece and perfect the Treaty which he had begun with the King of France Soon after Christmass as appears by the day and time when it was and for many circumstances and particulars in it may not be unworthy the relating VVilliam de Stutevill [9] Ibid. n. 20 30 40 50. gave King Iohn three thousand Marks of Silver to have a Judgment or determination concerning the Barony of VVilliam de Mowbray which he claimed against him him in the Kings Court. For that Robert Grundebeof the great Grand-father of that VVilliam Stutevill had that Barony from or by the Acquest of England de Adquisitione Angliae But that Robert Grundebeof leaving King Henry Son of VVilliam the Bastard who conquered or subdued England by the Sword Qui Angliam Bâ—llo sibi subjugavit and adhering to Robert Curthose Duke of Normandy claiming the Kingdom of England De Jure paterno by Right from his Father against Henry his younger Brother who was taken prisoner in the Battle between them at Tenerchebray in Normandy and kep in prison to the end of his Life as also was Robert de Grundeveof whose Barony King Henry gave to Nigell de Alvery the great Grandfather of VVilliam de Mowbray This Barony Robert de Stutevill Father of the said William de Stutevâ—ll claimed in the time of Henry the Second against Roger de Mowbray Father of the said William de Mowbray and they came to this agreement That Roger de Mowbray gave to Robert de Stutevill Kirkeby in Moresbevev with their Appertenances for Ten Knights Fees and for the Release of his claim but because this was not confirmed and strengthened in the Kings Court The foresaid William Stutevill renewed the controversy concerning that Barony in the Court of King Iohn And the matter had been long discussed at length by the Counsel of the Kingdom and Will of the King Consilii Regno The determination of the Controversy voluntate Regis Peace and final Concord was made between them in this manner That William de Stutevill renounced his Claim to the Barony and William de Mowbray gave to him for his Homage and renouncing his Right nine Knights Fees and twelve pounds Rent by the year and so releasing all Plaints or Actions on both sides Et sic remissis omnibus Querelis hinc inde they were made friends before King Iohn A. D. 1200. facti sunt amici coram Iohanne Rege Angliae in the Second year of his Reign at Louth in that Division of Lincolnshire called Lindsey on the first Sunday of Septuagesima That is Sunday forthnight before Shrovesundy Presently after the [1] Ibid. f. 457. l. 4. King John Divorced from his Wife Peace before-mentioned was made between the King of France and King Iohn he went with a great Army into Aquitan and found none that resisted him [2] Ibid. n. 10. The same year he was divorced from his Wife Hawis or Avis Daughter to William Earl of Glocester by
Fourscore Cogs which Eustace the Monk had gathered together They Shipped themselves with all speed and Landed in the Isle of Thanet upon the 21st of May. King John [3] Ibid. lin 3. King John dare not hinder his Landing at this time was at Dover with his Army which Consisted of Strangers and therefore he dare not attempt to hinder the Landing of the French least his men should leave him and go off to Lewis From hence he marched leaving Hubert de Burgh Governor of the Castle to Guilford and from thence to Winchester Lewis finding none [4] Ibid. n. 10. Lewis subdues Kent that resisted presently subdued all Kent but Dover Castle in his March he took in Rochester Castle and coming to London he was received by the Barons with all imaginable Demonstrations of Joy is Joyfully received at London The Barons do Homage and Fealty to him And there he received the Homages and Fealty of all the Barons and Citisens that were in Expectation of his coming and he Swore to them upon the Holy Gospells that he would give every one good Laws and restore their lost Estates When the [5] Append. n. 134. Peace was made between the King and Barons at Runemead the Barons promised they would give the King any security he should desire for the Observation of it Except their Castles and Pleges or Hostages The King not long after Demanded of them Charts by which they were to acknowlege The Barons break their promises with the King they were bound by Oath and Homage to keep Faith to him for the preservation of his life and Limbs and Terrene Honour against all men and to preserve and Defend the Rights of him and his heirs to the Kingdom and they Refused to do it When as Most of the same men without Summons and others at the first notice came flocking in to Swear the same things to Lewis For by the 14th of [6] Mat. Paris ut supra Lewis sends to the King of Scots to come and do him Homage June he had got Possession of so much of the Kingdom as he had the Confidence to Summon the King of Scots and all the Great Men of England to come and do him Homage or forthwith to Depart the Nation and with great speed upon his [7] Ibid. n. 20 And to the Barons Several of them Desert King John Edict There came into him William Earl Waren William Earl of Arundel William Earl of Salisbury William Marshal the Younger and many others who Deserted King Iohn with full assurance that Lewis would obtein the Kingdom of England Who made [8] Ibid. Simon Langton is made Chancellor He preaches against the Interdict Simon Langton his Chancellor by whose Preaching the Citisens of London and all the Excommunicated Barons caused Divine Service to be Celebrated and Drew in Lewis himself to consent to it Gualo the Legat [9] Ibid. n. 30. Gualo the Popes Legat comes into England He Excommunicates Lewis by name c. And Simon Langton followed Lewis into England with all speed and got safe to King Iohn who was then at Glocester and there calling together as many Bishops Abbats and Clercs as he could excommunicated by Name Lewis with all his accomplices and Favorers and especially Simon de Langton commanding all the Bishops and others to Publish the Sentence against them every Lords Day and Festival But Simon de Langton and Master Gervase de Hobrugge Praecentor of St. Pauls London said they had Appealed for the Right and Title of Lewis and therefore the Sentence was null and void At this Time [1] Ibidem The Flemings c. leave King John all the Knights and Ordinary Soldiers of Flanders and other Transmarine Countries left King Iohn except the Poictovins some whereof went over to Lewis and others returned home In the mean time [2] Ibid. n. 40. Lewis marcheth through Kent into Sussex Lewis with a Great Army Marched through Kent into Sussex and Reduced that Country with its Towns and Fortresses and City of Winchester with the Castle only one Brave Young Man [3] Ibid. And subdues that Country The Bravery of William de Colingeham William de Colingeham defied Lewis and refused to Swear Fealty to him who with a Thousand Archers all the time of Hostility kept himself in the Woods and Fastnesses of that Country and Killed several Thousands of the French Hugh de Nevill [4] Ibid. n. 50. Hugh Nevill Delivers Marleborough Castle to Lewis and did Homage to him came to Lewis at Winchester Delivered him the Castle of Malborough and did Homage to him so that he was possessed of all the South Parts of the Nation except the Castles of Dover and Windsor which were well Manned and fortified and prepared to receive him [5] Ibid. f. 283. lid 1. Robert Fitz-Walter c. by force subdue Essex and Suffolk William de Mandevil Robert Fitz-Walter and William de Huntingfield by Armed force brought under his Obedience the Counties of Essex and Suffolk In the [6] Ibid. lin 3. King John fortifies and strengthens his Castles in the West mean time King Iohn took care to Furnish and Strengthen as well as might be with Men Victuals and Armes several Castles in the West Walingford Corf Warham Bristoll the Devises and others In the Midst of these Successes Lewis received an Account from the [7] Ibid. n. 10. The Popes Answer to Lewis his Messengers Messengers he had sent to the Pope that upon their Application to him and presenting his Salutation or Complement he told them he was not worthy the return of his Salutation They replied when his Holiness had heard his Reasons and Apology they doubted not but he would find him a Catholic Christian and much Devoted to him and the Roman Church and at length after many addresses [8] Append. 135. He is wavering in his Thoughts and favors between King John and Lewis found him wavering Pendulous and Fluctuating in his stability and affection between himself and King Iohn having on both sides considered his Interest The Reasons and Arguments presented to the Pope in behalf of Lewis by his Messengers were these First The [9] Mat. Paris fol. 283. n. 30.40 The weak Arguments and answers mutually propounded and given between the Pope and Lewis his Envoyes for and against him Murther of Duke Arthur his Nephew as before and King Iohns being adjuged to Death by his Peers for that fact To which the Pope Answered the Barons of France could not Judge him because he was an anointed King and their Superior and that it was against the Canons to Judge an absent Person and not heard to make his Defence not Convicted or that had Confessed his Crime To which the Envoyes of Lewis answered It was a Custom in the Kingdom of France that the King had all Jurisdiction whatsoever omnimodam Jurisdictionem over his Liege Men. That the King of England was his Liege Man as
approve who acted rather against than for him Now the King thinking himself secure on every side [8] Paris fol. 991. n. 50. He taketh the advantage of the Popes Absolution He displaces his great Officers of State resolved to take the advantage of the Popes Absolution and went to several Cities and Castles and took possession of them and the Government of the Kingdom encouraged to this by the promise of assistance he received from the King of France and his Great men Afterwards the King came to Winchester and removed from their Offices the Justiciary and Chancellor that were appointed by the Baronage and constituted * He made Walter de Merton his Chancellor and Philip Basset his Chief Justice Mat. Westm fol. 380. lin 7. others in their places according to his own pleasure and sent his [9] Append. n. 205. Reason why he could not stand to his Oath Writ to all the Sheriffs of England wherein he relates his own Submission and the Affairs of his Realm to the Provisions at Oxford under certain conditions which the Barons performed not the injustice of their Ordinances to the prejudice and depression of his Royal power and Dâ—mage of his People his Absolution from his Oath to observe them both by Pope Alexander and Vrban his Successor His readiness to do justice to all men Great and Small in his Courts to which they might freely resort with security and to observe the Articles conteined in the great Charter and Charter of the Forest which they were commanded to proclaim in all places and to apprehend and secure all such as adhered to the former Ordinances or presumed to speak or act any thing prejudicial to the Rights of his Crown Honor or Dignity or to his Execution of his Office Upon this the [1] Paris ut Supra The Barons come Armed to Winchester Barons came Armed to Winchester and John Mansel went privately to the King and acquainted him with the danger he was in The King retires to the Tower and constrained him to hasten his return to the Tower of London In the year 1263 at Christmass [1] Paris f. 992. lin 1. n. 10. A. D. 1263. 47th Hen. 3. the King Queen and Council were in the Tower of London at which time both the English and French Bishops took great pains to make peace between the King and Barons and at length Both sides referred their Differences about the * See the Compromise it self on the Kings behalf in Append. n. 206. and observe the date of it on Sunday after St. Lucy's day 13th of December 1263. so that it had been agreed to Refer these Differences to the King of France before Christmass The King of France nulleth the Oxford Provisions Oxford provisions to the King of France who calling together his Bishops Earls and great men at Amiens on the 22 d of January in that Assembly pronounced sentence for the King of England against the Barons and Nulled those provisions But by Evacuating of them he did not intend altogether to abrogate King Johns Charter Upon which Exception S. Montfort and others took advantage and said The provisions were founded upon that Charter and therefore would not submit to the King of France his Sentence This Parlement of the King of France as the Monk calls it being Dissolved the [2] Ibid. Several noble men desert Montfort King of England and his Queen the Arch-bishop of Canterbury the Bishop of Hereford and John Mansel who were all there returned home And from that time [3] Ibid. n. 20. Henry Son to the King of Almain Roger de Clifford Roger de Leybourn John de Vallibus or Vaus Hamo L'estrange and many other Barons left Montfort and Roger Mortimer wasted his Lands and Estates But he confederating with Leolin Prince of Wales the Kings great Enemy sent an Army thither that invaded destroyed and burnt the Estate and Lands of Roger. In the mean while the [4] Mat. Westm f. 382. n. 40. Barons in other parts of the Kingdom by advice and under the conduct of the Earl of Leycester Resolving to make good the Oxford provisions armed themselves The Barons Arm themselves and seize the Kings Towns and on a sudden when they thought not of it fell upon the Strangers the Kings Counsellors and all they knew adhered to him and in an Hostile manner seised upon their Estates Places of Strength Castles Towns and Goods [5] Ibid. f. 384. n. 50. 385. n. 10. Montfort with his Army took in Glocester Worcester Bridgnorth and Shrewsbury Prince Edward and the Noble men that were of the Kings party took in the Castles of Haye Huntington Brecknoc c. and on both sides they wasted burnt and destroyed their Lands and Estates The Londoners also [6] Ibid. f. 385. n. 20. The Londoners second the Barons going out of their City in great numbers wasted and burnt the farms and possessions of the King of Almain Philip Basset and many others that were of the Kings party and imprisoned the Kings Clercs the Barons of the Exchequer and Justices of the Bench. The King was at this time in the [7] Ibid. f. 383. n. 20 30. Mat. Paris f. 993. lin 2. n. 10. The King maketh peace with the Barons Tower of London with his Queen and John Mansel one of his chief Counsellors who fled from thence fearing the Rage of the Barons and when he was gone the King fearing he should be besieged by their Army against all the power and perswasion of the Queen by the mediation of some Honourable persons made peace with them the Articles whereof were these First That [8] Ibid. The Articles of the peace Henry Son of the King of Almain should have his Liberty Secondly That the Kings Castle should be put into the Hands of the Barons Thirdly That the Statutes and Provisions made at Oxford should be inviolably observed as well by the King as others Fourthly That all strangers except such as the Well-Affected should think fit to stay should presently avoid the Nation never to return again A. D. 1264. 48. Hen. 3. But this peace did not hold long for the Soldiers that were within Windsor Castle [9] Paris f. 993. n. 20. furnished it with Arms and Victuals which raised great suspition in the Barons and it added much to it that when Prince Edward had desired of the Bishop of Worcester who was of the Barons party to conduct him from Bristol to his fathers Court when he came near Windsor he left the Bishop and went into the Castle which he took very ill [1] Ibid. n. 30. Prince Edward kept prisoner by Montfort and Simon Montfort coming to besiege it Prince Edward met him at Kingston and offered a Treaty of Peace But by advice of the Bishop Simon kept him prisoner until the Castle was delivered to him upon condition that such as were in it might go whether they would and the strangers and such others
published in the Castle of Kenelworth on the 31 of October in the year of Grace 1266 and of the Reign of King Henry 51. This Award had not its desired Effect The Disinherited in the Isle of Ely would not submit for many of the Disinherited that had got into the Isle of Ely as was said before continued there and made Excursions and wasted and plundered the Countries round about and would not submit unto it Hereupon [1] Paris f. 1001. n. 40. Bishops that favoured Simon Montfort excommunicated by the Legat. the Legat called a Council at Northampton and Excommunicated all the Bishops and Clercs which favoured Simon Montfort and gave him Assistance against the King and by name John Bishop of Winchester Walter of Worcester Henry of London and Stephan Bishop of Chichester the Bishop of Worcester dyed Febr. 5 th next following and the other three went to Rome to Beg the Popes Favour At the same time also he Excommunicated all the Kings Adversaries whatsoever After that he sent [2] Ibid. â— 1003. n. 30 40 50 and f. 1004. lin 1. The Disinherited in the Isle of Ely admonished by the Legat. Their Answeâ— to him Messengers to the Disinherited in the Isle of Ely and admonâ—shed them to return to the Faith and Vnity of the holy Mother Church To this they answered They firmly held the same Faith they learned from the holy Bishops Saint Robert that is Grostest or Grouâ—head of Lincoln St. Edmund and St. Richard both Arch-Bishops of Canterbury and other Catholic men That they believed the Articles of Faith conteined in the Creed the Gospels also and Sacraments which the Vniversal Church held and believed they did Believe and in that Faith would live and die Secondly He admonished them to return to the Obedience of the Roman Court Romanae Curiae To this they Answer They did Obey the Roman Church as the Head of all Christianity but not the Lust Covetousness and Exactions of those that ought to Govern it Thirdly He admonished them to return to the Kings Peace according to the late Award To this they Answer First That the Legat was sent into England to make Peace but he rather kept up the War because he manifestly joyned with the Kings party and incouraged it and in so doing maintained the War Secondly they Answer The Award was void for that the Pope commanded the King and Legat that none should be Disinherited and they had such a Fine set upon them as it amounted to a Disinheriting Fourthly He admonished them to receive Absolution from the sentence of Excommunication pronounced against them according to the Form of the Church To this they Answer Their first Oath that was to maintain Oxford provisions was for the Advantage of the Kingdom and the whole Church and all the Prelates of the Kingdom thundered out the Sentence of Excommunication against all those that should act contrary thereto that they resolved to stand to that Oath and were ready to Die for it and Exhort the Legat to revoke his Sentence otherwise they would Appeal to the Apostolic See or to a General Council or the Supreme Judge Fifthly He admonished them not to commit any more Roberies nor damnifie any one To this they answered That when as they fought for the Benefit of the Kingdom and Church they ought to live upon the Goods of their Enemies which deteined their Lands From Answering they proceed to [*] Ibid. n. 10 20. They urge the Legat to admonish the King Their insolent Demands urge the Legat to admonish the King to remove Strangers from his Council and they themselves admonish the Legat that their Lands may be Restored without Composition that Oxford provisions might be observed that they might have Pledges or Hostages sent them into the Isle for Security that they might peaceably injoy it for five years until they saw how the King would keep his promises and then make the same Complaints that Montfort and the Barons made many years before and enumerated the common pretended Grievances of men of their temper and desire they might be Redressed A. D. 1267. 51 Hen. 3. Toward the Spring the King was in extreme want of Money and the Legat being in the Tower of London he wrote to him from Cambridge to receive all the [3] Pat. 51 Hen. 3. m. 24. Dorâ— The King forced to pawn his Jewels for money Jewels and other precious things he had there and in the Abby of Westminster and to pawn for as much as he could and caused those that had them in their Custody to deliver them to him and in the same Letter wrote to him that concerning the State and Liberties of the City of London he would do what was expedient in instanti Parliamento apud Sanctum Edmumdum in the Parlement forthwith to be holden at St. Edmunds Bury This Letter is Dated March the 8th Teste Rege apud Cantebrigiam Some or it may be all the Transactions of this Parlement the [4] f. 1002. n. 30 40 50. Continuer of Mat. Paris relates thus though somewhat preposterously which is a frequent fault in their Historians The King caused to be summoned the Earls Barons Arch-Bishops Bishops Abbats all that ought him Military Service A Parlement called at St. Edmund Bury to meet at St. Edmunds Bury with their Horse and Arms to go against those which against his Peace had seised the Isle of Ely All others obeyed the Kings Command but the Earl of Glocester who was in the Confines of Wales raising a great Army and did not come John Waren and William de Valentia were sent to admonish him to come ad illum Parliamentum to that Parlement but could not prevail They could only obtein his Letters Patents sealed with his Seal literas patentes sigillo suo signatas acceperunt in which he promised never to bear Arms against his Lord the King nor his Son Edward unless in his own Defence When those that were summoned to the Parlement met Abadunatis Qui ad Parliamentum citati fuerant except those in Rebellion The King and the Legat required their compliance with these Articles First That the Prelates and Rectors of Churches What demands were made by the King and Legat and the Answer to them should grant them sibi conciderent the Tenths of their Churches for three years next to come and for the year last past as they gave the [5] In September the 49 of Hen. 3. See in the year before Barons to keep the Coast against the Invasions of Strangers To this they answered That the War began by Evil Desires and did then continue and for that Reason it was necessary to lay aside these Evil Demands and Treat of the Peace of the Kingdom and make use of the Parlement to the Benefit of Church and Kingdom and not to Extort Money especially when the Nation was so much destroyed by War that if ever it must be a long time before it could
or any of the Clergy should give Judgment concerning the Life of any Man or loss of Member nor by their Authority should countenance any that do it Another he held at Winchester [1.] Ibidem fol. 13. Anno Domini 1076. No Canon to Marry Priests in Burghs and Cities might retain their Wives wherein it was Decreed That no Canon should Marry and that Priests which lived in Burroughs and Villages that had Wives should not put them away but if they had none they were prohibited to take any and Bishops were to take care that they did not Ordain Married Men either Deacons or Priests [2.] In Appen n. 14. The Origin of Exempts and Peculiars Archbishop Lanfranc exempted all the Clerks or Parish-Priests of the Towns belonging to him or where he was Lord or presented to the Living in any Diocess from the Jurisdiction and Visitation of the Bishop which might be the Original of Peculiars These were the Ecclesiastical Affairs in England in the time of William the First what they were then in Normandy and how alike to them here may be seen in the Constitutions made there [3.] In Appen n. 15. 1080. In the last year of his Reign [4.] Florâ— Wig. fol. 642. Anno Domini 1087. many of the chief Cities of England and London burnt Order vit fol. 663. C. almost all the chief Cities of England were burnt and the greatest and best part of London with the Church of St. Pauls King William dying on the Ninth of September 1087. as was noted before left Issue by Maud Daughter of Baldwin Earl of Flanders 1. Robert his eldest Son Florent Wigor fol. 642. Anno Domini 1087. according to the Will and Bequest of his Father succeeded him only in the Dukedom of Normandy 2. Richard his Second Son Order vit fol. 573. C. who following a hard Chace in Hunting in the New-Forest was mortally hurt by the Bough of an Hasle-Tree before either his years of Marriage or Knighthood 3. William commonly called Rufus succeeded his Father in the Kingdom of England Florent Wigor ut supra as he had given it to him in his last Will and Testament 4. Henry who after the death of his Brother William without Issue was King of England and Duke of Normandy * Order fol. 659. C. he had given him by his Father only Five thousand Pounds in Money Ibid. fol. 484. D. 548. B. C. 5. Cicely his Eldest Daughter first a Nun in the Monastery of Fescamp in Normandy afterward Abbess of the Holy Trinity in Cane where she died Anno Domini 1127. July 13. Ibidem fol. 544. C. 6. Constance Married to Alan Fergant or the Red Earl of Britain for the assurance of Peace between King William and him died without Issue Lib. 8. c. 34. 7. Adelidis or Alice his Third Daughter Contracted to Harold the Usurper Fol. 573. C. Seems to be the same with Agatha Script Norm f. 1070. as Gemeticensis affirms but at his death being Marriageble died a Virgin but Ordericus Vitalis mentions not this Contract between her and Harold Ibid. fol. 574. A. 8. Adela who was Married to Stephen Earl of Blois by whom she had four Sons William Theobald Henry and Stephen who by his Uncle King Henry the First was made Earl of Mortainge and by his means was Married to Maud Daughter and Heir of Eustachius Earl of Bulloign by whom he had that Earldom and also very great Possessions in England Ibid. 573. C. Seems to be the same with Adelidis or Adelis Script Norm f. 1070. 9. Agatha who died a Virgin but reported by Ordericus Vitalis to have been first Contracted to Harold the Usurper and afterward to Amfurcius King of Gallicia but died in her Journey thither not having ever seen him THE REIGN OF William Rufus OR William the Second THE Conqueror dying on the Ninth of October An. Do. 1087. [1.] Ord Vit. fol. 763. D. Rufus brings his Fathers Donation of England to Arch-Bishop Lanfranc Robert Bloiet his Chaplain immediately came over into England with his Son William and brought with him to Lanfranc Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Donation of his Father [2.] Ibidem fol. 663. C. Who Anointed him King who having read it made haste with him to London and on Michaelmass-day Anointed him King in the old Church of St. Peter at Westminster having first promised [3.] Eadm fol. 13. n. 50. Upon the great Promises he made to him He was Knighted by Lanfranc upon his Faith and Oath by himself and all others he could procure to vouch him to Lanfranc being not over forward to grant his desires that he would in all matters through the whole Kingdom preserve Justice Equity and Mercy defend the Peace and Liberty of the Church against all Men and also in all things obey his Council and Precepts But though Lanfranc having been his Tutor * Malms de Gest Reg. fol. 67. b. n 30. Order Vital fol. 665. D. Eudo King Williams Steward a great Instrument in setting up Rufus and also having made him a Knight brought on by these fair Engagements was the great Instrument to promote him to the Crown yet (a) He was Son to Hubert de Rie Privado to both Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror and Envoy in the greatest and most private Matters that passed between them Eudo his Fathers Steward was little less Instrumental in his obtaining it if there be any truth in the Story cited from the Manuscript in Cottons Library [4.] Monast 2. vol. fol. 900. n. 40.50 The Keys of the Treasury at Winchester delivered to Rufus by Sir William Dugdale for he upon the occasion of his Fathers Grant incited William Rufus to be active in his own Affair and then hastning into England so insinuated himself into William de Ponte-Arche that he obtained from him the Keys of the Treasury then at Winchester and passed to Dover where he obliged by Oath the Guardians of the Castle that they should not deliver the Keys of that Fortress to any without his Advice The like he did at Pevensey Hastings and other Maritime Castles pretending the King whose death was kept secret would stay yet in Normandy and would have good assurance of the safety of his Castles in England by him his Steward And having thus dispatched his Business he returned to Winchester and discovered the Kings death and by his Contrivance while the Nobles in Normandy were Consulting about the Succession William Rufus was advanced to the Throne In the mean time [5.] Orderic fol. 665. C. Robert Duke of Normandy distributed his Wealth amongst his Soldiers Robert Duke of Normandy his elder Brother plentifully distributed his Wealth among his Veteran Soldiers or Knights and by hope of Rewards brought into his Service a Multitude of young Soldiers but his [6.] Ibidem Treasure failing he borrowed of his Brother Henry Three thousand Pounds for which he