planted upon the very gate discharged shot so violently that they drave the enemies farther off Over and besides the forcible and furious assault of the Romanes was daunted and suppressed by reason that their Generall himselfe Ap. Claudius was hurt who as he was encouraging his men to fight in the very forefront of the vaward hapned to be wounded with a dart above in his brest under the left shoulder yet there were an exceeding number of enemies there slaine before the gate and the rest were driven for feare to make hast and get the citie over their heads Anniball also perceiving the Cohort of the Spaniards lying along dead and the camp of the enemies so manfully defended even to the utterance gave over farther assault and began to retire his ensignes and to turne backward all his footemen interposing his horsemen behinde them for feare the enemie should charge them on the taile The legions were exceeding egre to pursue after the enemies but Flaccus commaunded to sound the retreat supposing they had done well enough alreadie and effectuated two things to wit that both the Campanes saw in how little steed Anniball served them and also Anniball himselfe knew and perceived no lesse Some writers that have recorded this battaile set downe that of Anniball his armie there were slaine that day eight thousand men and of Campanes three thousand that the Carthaginians lost fifteene ensignes and the Campanes eighteene But in others I find that the conflict was not so great and that the fright was much more than the skirmish for when as the Numidians and Spaniards together with the Elephants brake at unwares into the Romanes camp those Elephants as they passed through the mids thereof overthrew and laid along many of the tents and pavilions and the Sumpter-horses and other beasts there for cariage with great noyse brake their halters and collars fled for feare and bare downe all aâ—ore them as they went And that besides this tumultuous fright and confusion Anniball dealt fraudulently by sending in among the rest certaine that could speake the Latin tongue for some such he had about him who in the Consuls name gave commaundement since that the camp was lost that every souldier should make shift for himselfe and flye to the next mountaines But this deceipt was soone espied and prevented with the losse and slaughter of a number of enemies and the Elephants were coursed out of the camp with fire But howsoever this battaile was either begun or ended the last it was fought there before that Capua was yeelded up and surrendred The Mediastuticus for so they call the head magistrate and governour of the citie of Capua for that year was one Seppius Lesius a man of base parentage mean calling The report goeth that his mother upon a time as she made satisfaction in the name of him being then fatherlesse and under age by a purgatorie sacrifice for a prodigious domestical portent that hapned in her house was told by the Soothsaier out of his learning that one day the chiefe government of Capua should be fall to that child whereat she seeing no likelyhood nor hope at all of any such matter said thus a gaine You talke of a poore cittie of Capua when that day comes and God save all when my sonne shall he advanced to the highest place and government thereof But these words spoken at randon and in jest proved afterwards good earnest and true in deed For when as the cittizens were driven to great streights through sword and famine and were past all hope of recoverie in such sort as they that were of qualitie and borne for honour refused to be in place of authoritie this Lesius complaining that Capua was forlome betraied and abandoned by her owne nobilitie tooke upon him the chiefe magistracie and was the last of all the Campanes that bare soveraigne rule in that cittie Anniball perceiving that neither his enemies would be drawne forth any more to fight nor possibly hee could breake through their campe for to come unto Capua for feare least that the new Consuls should stop all the passages and intercept his purveiance of victuals determined to dislodge without effecting his purpose and to remove from Capua And as he cast and tossed too fro in his mind what course to take and whither to go it came into his head to make no more ado but to march directly to Rome the very head and seat-cittie of the whole warre This was the upshot of all and the emprese that he most desired Howbeit as all others much grieved and greatly blamed him that he had over-slipt the opportunitie when it was even presently upon the battaile at Cannae so himselfe acknowledged no lesse that he was mightily overseene And yet the thing was not so farre past he thought that he should despaire but upon some suddaine fright and unexpected tumult he might seize of some quarter of the cittie or other And if Rome were once in that hazard then either both the Romane Generals or one at the least would immediatly leave the siege of Capua Who if they had once divided their forces both of them would be the weaker and minister either unto him or to the Campanes some occasion of good fortune The onely thing that troubled his mind was this for feare least that as soone as his back were turned the Campanes would yeeld themselves unto the Romanes He therefore with large and liberall rewards induceth a certaine Numidian an audacious and adventurous fellow one that cared not what dangers he undertooke to be the carrier of certeine letters and to enter into the campe of the Romanes counterfeiting himselfe to be a fugitive from the adverse part unto them and so when he espied his time to slip secretly from the other side of the campe to Capua The letters were very comfortable importing unto them That his remove and departure from thence was for their good and safetie wherby he meant to withdraw the Romane captains and their forces from Capua to the defence of their owne cittie of Rome willing them not to let fall their hearts and be discouraged for by patient abiding some few daies they should bee wholly freed and delivered of the siege Then he made stay of all the shipping and vessels that he could find upon the river Vulturnus commanded them to be brought to Casilinum which he had fortified aforetime with a pile or castle to guard keep the place with a garison And having intelligence that there was such store of barges and botomes upon the river as would serve to transport in one night his whole armie he made provision of victuals for ten daies brought downe his armie by night to the river side and crossed the water with all his power before the next day light But this was not carried so secretly but before that it was effected intelligence was given there of by certaine rennegate fugitives whereupon Fulvius Flaccus addressed his letters unto the Senate
alleageance all on a suddaine dislodged pluckt up standards and away and more like one that fled than marched led his armie farther into the countrey even as farre as the Ocean and to Gades But supposing that so long as hee kept his forces altogether himselfe was the onely marke which the enemie would shoot at before that he cut over the streights of Gibraltar to Gades he brake up his whole armie sent them away here and there to their severall cities both to save themselves within the walls and to defend the walls by force of armes Scipio so soone as hee perceived that the warne was thus devided into sundrie parts and that to lead about his forces from citie to cittie was rather a long and tedious peece of worke than either difficult or much availeable retired backe But because hee would not leave that countrie cleare in the hands of the enemies hee sent his brother L. Scipio with 10000 foot and 1000 horsemen to assaile the mightiest and wealthiest citie in those parts which the barbarous people call Oringis This cittie is seated in the confines of the Melessi a nation meere Spaniards the soile fruitfull and the inhabitants there find silver mines This was the fortresse of Asdruball and his place of safe retreat when he made outrodes all abroad into the midland countries of the maine and spoiled the people Lucius Scipio having pight his camp under the said citie before that he entrenched and blocked the towne sent certaine to the gates who by parling neere at hand might feele and sound the dispositions of the citizens and persuade with them to make triall of the Romanes friendly alliance rather than their forcible violence But perceiving by their answeres no mind at all nor inclination to peace he cast a trench and raised a double rampiar about the towne and divided his armie into three parts to the end that one of them should ever follow the assault whiles the other twaine tooke rest and ease And when the first troup and regiment of them began to give a camisado there followed a fierce cruell and doubtfull skirmish For they could not easily either come under the walls or bring skaling ladders to set to by reason of the shot that light upon them And such as alreadie had reared up ladders to the wall some of them were pushed off with certaine forks provided for that purpose others were caught hold of with yron hookes from above and were in danger to be hung up in the aire hoised alost and fetcht over the walls Scipio seeing that the conflict was unequall by reason of the small number of assailants that the enemies had the advantage besides in that they fought from the wall top caused that first regiment to retire and with the other twaine at once gave a fresh assault to the towne This strake so great a feare into them who were alreadie weryed with fighting that not only the townesmen sodainely abandoned the walls and fled but also the Carthaginian garison souldiours for feare least the citie was betrayed forsooke also their stations and places of guard and gathered themselves into one place But then the townesmen were afraid least if the enemies put themselves within the citie they should be massacred every where as they came in their way without respect and difference who were Carthaginians or who were Spaniards Whereupon they set one gate open on a suddaine and in great numbers ran out of the towne bearing their targuets before them against the darts that were shot a farre off and shewing aloft their naked right hands in token that they had laid aside their swords But whether the enemie could not well discerne them so farre off or whether they suspected some craftie and deceitfull practise I wote not but they fell upon these that fled and yeelded unto them and flew them downeright as well as if they had affronted them in the face of a battell and at the same gate entred the citie with bloudie banners In other parts likewise they fell to hewing downe the gates with axes and to breake them open with crowes of yron And as every horseman gat into the citie he rode amaine according to the direction given by the Generall into the market place to bee possessed thereof And to these horsemen were assigned the Triarij for aid and assistance The legionarie souldiours besides ran over all the other parts of the citie spoiling killing all that ever they met save such as defended themselves with their armour All the Carthaginians were taken prisoners and committed to ward likewise of townesmen about three hundred such as had shut the gates but unto all the rest the towne was rendred againe and each man had his owne goods delivered and restored unto him There were slaine at the assault of that citie of enemies almost two thousand but of Romanes not above foureskore and ten As by the winning of the towne they that were imployed there tooke great joy and contentment so in their returne to their Generall himselfe and the rest of the maine armie they made a goodly shew as they marched with a mightie multitude of prisoners led before them Scipio having praised his brother in the most honorable termes that he could devise and namely for this exploit of forcing Orinx making him equal in glorie to himself for the conquest of Carthage because winter drew on that he could neither give the attempt upon Gades nor yet follow at once upon the armie of Asdruball so dispersed as it was in sundry parts over the province conducted his forces back againe into that province of Spaine that lieth on this side Iberus and when he had dismissed his legions into their severall standing camps to winter in and sent his brother L. Scipio to Rome together with Hanno the Generall of the enemies and other gentlemen prisoners he withdrew himselfe to Taracon In the same yeere the Romane Armada being set out under the conduct of the Admirall M. Valerius Lavinus the Proconsull made a voyage from Sicilie into Africk and forraied all over the territories of Vtica and Carthage in so much as they drave booties out of the very utmost confines of the Carthaginians and even about the walls of Vtica As they sailed back for Sicilie they were encountred by the Carthaginian fleete consisting of 70 long ships of warre whereof seventeene were bourded and taken foure sunke in the deepesea the rest were put to flight and dispersed Thus the Romane captaine Valerius after victories atchieved both by sea and land returned with rich prizes of al' sorts to Lilybaeum and hereupon by reason that the seas were open and cleered of the enemies ships great store and abundance of graine was brought to Rome In the beginning of that summer wherein these things hapned P. Sulpitius the Proconsull and K. Attalus after they had wintered in Aegina as is above said with a joint navie passed over from thence into the Iland Lemnos The Romanes were 25
to returne thither as well for love of their native countrie as for to bee revenged of their adversaries out of hand paid their ransome and after they had given order how to worke the fear and in what sort as also agreed upon the signes tokens which they should marke from on high a farre off they were sent backe againe Then the exiled Locrians repaired unto Scipio at Saracose with whom also were others of the banished persons of Locri there they related unto him the promises of the captives aforesaid and put the Consul in very good hope that the effect would bee correspondent to their dessignement With them were sent two Tribunes or Marshals to wit M. Sergius and P. Matienus with commission to conduct three thousand souldiours from Rhegium to Locri. Letters also were dispatched unto Q. Pleminius the Viz-pretour for to be assistant in this action Who being departed from Rhegium and carrying with them skaling ladders proportioned to the height of the castle wall foretold unto them about midnight gave a token by fire to those that were to betray the castle from that place which they had agreed uppon who being in readinesse also and looking wistly for them put downe likewise ladders of their owne made for the purpose and in many places at once received them that climbed up so as before there was any alarme heard they set upon the watch of the Carthaginians fast a sleepe as they were and distrusting no such matter who first were heard to grone as they lay a dying but afterwards to make a noise and keepe a running and much adoe upon their suddaine starting from sleepe all the whiles that they wist not what the occasion was At length upon the discoverie of the matter one man wakened another and every one called alowd to arme crying out that the enemies were within the castle and the watchmen slaine And without question the Romanes had bene put to the worse and diffeated quite being farre fewer in number than the enemies but that there was an outcrie shout set up by them that were without the fortresse which so long as men knew not from whence it came put them in great feare the tumult besides by night made every smal vain thing much greater than it was By means wherof the Carthaginians astonied as if all places had bene full of enemies abandoned all fight and betooke themselves into the other fortresse for two there were distant not farre asunder The townesmen kept possession of the cittie as the prise and guerdon in the mids for the winners But out of the two castles there were light skirmishes every day Q. Pleminius was captaine of the fort and garrison of the Romanes and Amilcar over the Carthaginians and both parts increased their strength by aids that they had comming unto them from the places adjoyning Vntill at last Anniball shewed himselfe in person and no doubt the Romanes had never bene able to hold out but that the whole multitude of the Locrensians sore galled and grieved with the proud government and the covetous polling of the Carthaginians tooke part with the Romanes When intelligence came to Scipio that the Romanes were distressed in Locri and that Anniball himselfe was advancing thither for feare least the garison also should be in some hazard as having no readie means to retire from thence himselfe leaving at Messana his brother L. Scipio for the guard of the place passed over from thence with his vessels downe the water when he espied the current and the ride togither to serve for a fare Likewise Anniball having sent out a vauntcurrour from the river Burrotus which is not farre from the cittie Locri to signifie unto his men that by day light they should give a hote charge with all their might and maine upon the Locrensians Romans both whiles hee himselfe made an assault upon the towne behind not looking for him but wholly turned away and amused upon that other tumutl Now when as early in the morning hee found the skirmish begun he was not willing to put himselfe within the castle for feare of pestering with over great a companie the place so streight and of so small receipt and for to skale the walls they had brought no ladders with them So causing all their carriages and packes to bee piled up in one heape togither hee presented all his footmen in battaile array before the cittie to terrifie his enemies withall and with the Numidian horsemen hee made a bravado under the wals and rode about the cittie Whiles the ladders and other ordinance meet to give an assault were in preparing and making readie hee approached on horsebacke neere to the wall for to view on which part above the rest he might give the assault and there he was shot with a quarell discharged from an engine called a Scorpion which hapned to be planted next unto him And being affrighted at this so daungerous an occurrent he commaunded to sound the retreat fortified his campe aloufe without the perill and shot of any dart Now was the Romane fleet from Messana arrived at Locri and had the day afore them so as they were all set a land and entred the cittie before the sunne setting The morrow after the Carthaginians began to skirmish out of the castle and Anniball being now provided of ladders and having all things else in readinesse needfull for the assault came under the wals with that all upon a suddaine the Romanes set open a gate and sallied out upon him who feared nothing lesse than any such accident thus setting upon them at unawares flew two hundred of them A nniball perceiving that the Consull was there retired with the rest into the campe and after hee had sent a messenger to them that were within the castle willing them to shift for themselves in the night season hee dislodged and departed They also who were in the sort after they had set on fire the houses which were in their keeping of purpose by that tumult to cause the enemie to make some stay and tarrie behind ran away in maner of a rout before it was night with good footmanship overtooke their owne companie Scipio seeing as well this castle quit by the enemie as their campe also emptie called the Locrenses to a generall assembly and gave them a sharpe checke rebuked them for their revolt The principall captaines and authours of that trespasse hee put to death and gave away their goods to the chiefe heads of the other faction in reward and consideration of their singular fidelitie to the Romanes But as concerning the publicke state of the Locrians hee said hee would neither make nor medle therewith either in giving to them or taking ought at all from them But willed them to send their Embassadours to Rome and looke what the Senate would award in equitie that fortune they should abide This one thing he was well assured of that how ill soever they had deserved
ran to guard and defend it by strength of armes where there was a cruell fight between them and the Romanes At the first the Romanes were soone repulsed by meanes of the great numbers of defendants but after the succours of the Achaei and Attalus came unto them they received them with equall valour neither doubted they but to be able with ease to drive the Macedonians and the Greeks from their standings and force them to recule But there were within the towne a multitude of Italian fugitives revolted and fled from the Romanes part of them a residue left of Anniball his armie who having transgressed the lawes for feare of punishment were fled from the Romanes and tooke part with Philip part also were marriners and seafaring men who for hope of more honorable interteinment and service had abandoned their ships and were gotten into the citie of Corinth These fellowes past all hope of life if the Romanes happly should have the better hand fared more like mad men than hardie and audacious souldiours Now there is overagainst Sicyone a promontorie of Iuno which they call the cape of Acreae and it runneth into the sea from whence the passage over to Corinth is a cut almost of seven miles Thither Philocles a captaine also under king Philip had conducted through Boeotia 1500 souldiours and certeine Brigantines of Corinth were there readie to embarke that supplie of aid and to transport them to Lechaeus By this time Attalus advised to set on fire the engins and fabricks that they had made and presenly to geve over the siege Quintius persisted yet more obstinately in his enterprise begun But he also seeing the kings guards raunged and quartered at every gate and that if they should happen to sallie out their violence would hardly be susteined was of the same mind with Attalus So without effecting anything the Achaeans were dismissed and the rest returned to their ships Attalus to Piraeeum the Romanes to Corcyra During this service by sea forces the other Consull who lay in camp before Elatia in Phocis first assayed to gaine the citie by conference and parlie with the principall citizens thereof but after answere made that it lay not in their hands and that they who were for the king out-went the townes-men both in number and strength then at once from all parts he gave an assault unto the citie both by force of armes and also by engins of artillerie The Ram was bent against the walls and as much thereof beaten downe with a mightie crash and fearefull noyse as stood between the towres whereupon the towne was dismantelled and laid naked and withall a cohort of Romane souldiours entred at the open breach so as from all parts the defendants abandoned their guards and ran to that place that thus was distressed by the enemies And at one instant the Romanes advaunced themselves over the breach and set up skaling ladders against the wall which was standing and whiles the enemies were amused wholie and had their eie only upon that one place where the conflict was the wall in many parts was skaled and armed souldiours mounted into the citie At which sodaine tumult and alarme the armed men having quit the place which they guarded with a thick troupe fled all into the castell for feare and the unarmed and naked multitude followed after Thus the Consull was maister of the citie which being ransaked he sent unto the castell certeine messengers promising life to as many of the kings garison as would depart away without armes and offring libertie to the Elatians and after securitie given hereof within few dayes the castle also was rendred into his hands Moreover by the arrivall of Philocles a commaunder for the king in Achaea not Corinth only was delivered from siege but the citie also of the Argives was by certeine of the principall rulers betrayed unto Philocles who before had sounded and sollicited the minds and affections of the common people There was a custome in this citie that upon the first day of their generall assemblies the Pretor should in token of good luck pronounce the names of Iupiter Apollo and Hercules and afterwards ordeined it was besides by a law that the name of Philip should make up the fourth Now after the alliance accorded betweene them and the Romanes it hapned that the beadle or publick cryer left out the name of Philip wherat the multitude first began to mutter grumble then arose a loud cry of those that put him in mind to name the king willing him to geve him his honor due by law untill at last his name was also pronounced with great applause consent Vpon the confidence assurance of this favour Philocles was sent for who by night seised upon an hill that commaundeth the citie which commonly is called the fort of Larissa and having put a garison there the next morning betimes he advanced forward with banner displaid and came downe toward the common place lying under the fortresse aforesaid where there encountred him a band of armed men well appointed in order of battaile These were the garison of the Achaei lately there placed to the number of five hundred elect men chosen forth of all the States of Achaea and one Atnesidemus a Dymean was their commaunder Vnto him Philocles one of the kings captaines aforesaid addressed a speciall messenger to persuade and exhort him to quit the citie giving him to understand That hee and his companie were not able to match the townesmen alone who caried the same mind that the Macedonians had done much lesse then should they stand out when the Macedonians were joined unto them the Macedonians I say whome the verie Romanes themselves could not sustaine at Corinth At first he did no good either with leader or souldiour yea and when within a while they beheld the Argives also marching armed against them with a great troupe from another part and saw present death before their eies yet it seemed they would have put it to the hazard of a conflict and sought to the last man in case their captaine would have stucke to it and not relented But Aenesidemus for feare least togither with the citie the floure of all the youth of Achaea should perish capitulated with Philocles that they might be permitted to depart and goe their way but himselfe kept his ground still in his armour with some few of his followers and vassals and remooved not a foot Then Philocles sent out unto him to demaund What he meant thereby Vnto whom he gave no other words but holding forth his shield before him made answer That armed as he was he would live and die in the guard and defence of that citie which was committed to his charge Then by the commaundement of the captaines the Thracians launced their darts and shot at him and so both he and the companie about him were slaine every one Thus after the accord of alliance betweene the Achaeans and Romanes two most noble and
assured the Romanes that if their armie had bene neare the gates the commotion and conspiracie aforesaid would have taken effect and in case their campe approched nearer the Argives would not be in quiet but make some insurrection whereupon Quintius sent out the footmen lightly appointed togither with the horsemen who skirmished with the Lacedemonians about Cylarabis a publicke schoole and place of exercise about a quarter of a mile out of the citie who were sallied out at the gate and without any great difficultie chased them within the towne and in that verie place where the conflict was the Romane Generall encamped One day he spent in escouting an espiall whether any new trouble and uprores arose among them within the citie But when hee perceived once that they were all amort for feare he assembled a counsel to take advise Whether he were best to give the assault upon Argos or no All the heads of Greece except Aristaenus agreed with one accord that since there was no other cause of war elswhere it should begin there especially Quintius in no case would like of that course but willingly he gave eare with evident approbation unto Aristaenus as he discoursed and reasoned against the general opinion and consent of them all and over and besides added this of himselfe That considering the warre was enterprised and taken in hand in the behalfe of the Argives against the tyrant there was nothing lesse beseeming and more without sence than to leave the enemie himselfe and to affaile and batter the poore citie of Argos For his part hee would fight at the head even against the Lacedemonians and their tyrant the principall cause of this warre Then having dissolved the councell he sent certaine cohorts lightly appointed to purvey store of graine As much as could be found ripe in those parts was cut mowed reaped down immediatly laid up al that was green they trampled under foot and spoiled that the enemies soon after might have no good thereof So he dislodged and remooved from thences and having passed over the mountaine Parthenius at three daies end he encamped in the territorie of Caryae neare to Tegea In which place he expected the aids of his allies before hee would invade the territorie of the enemies From Philip there came a thousand and five hundred Macedonians and of Thessalians fortie horse The Romane Generall staied not now for succours of men where of hee had sufficient and plentie but for his provision of victuals which he had commaunded the townes bordering neare hand to furnish him withall Besides there came great forces by sea and met him there for by this time was Lucius Quintius arrived with fortie faile from Leucas also eighteene covered ships of Rhodes And now also was Eumenes the king about they lands Cyclades with ten close hatched and decked ships thirtie gallions with other smaller vessels among of sundrie forts Likewise of Lacedemonians that were exiled and banished persons there were verie many who chased and driven out by the oppression and wrongfull dealing of their tyrants repaired now into the Romane campe in hope to recover their native countrey againe Now a great many had beene expulsed in divers and sundrie ages since time that the tyrans first usurped rule and were possessed of Lacedaemon The chiefe of these exiled persons was one Agosipolis a man to whome by right of descent and linage the inheritance of the kingdome of Lacedaemon appertained Hee whiles how as but an infant happened to be expelled by Lycurgus after the death of Cleomenes who was the first tyrant at Lacedaemon The tyrant beset thus round about with warres threatning both from sea and land and destitute in manner of all hope considering the proportion of his forces to the power of his enemies yet neverthelesse neglected not to wage war but levied out of Creta one thousand more even the chosen flower of all their youth to the other thousand that he had from thence alreadie He had besides of mercenarie souldiours three thousand in armes also ten thousand of his owne subjects and citizens of Lacedaemon togither with those that hee had taken out of the boroughs and villages in the countrey Moreover he fortified the citie with trench and mure And that there might arise no trouble and sturre within the towne he held the spirits of men in awe with feare of sharp and rigorous punishments And for as much as he could not hope nor imagine that they desired and wished his good and safetie for that he held some citizens in suspicion and jealousie after he had brought forth all his forces into the plaine which they call Dromos he commaunded the Lacedemonians to assemble togither without any armour and weapons to an audience and when they were assembled hee environed them with his armed guard And after some few remonstrances by way of a short preamble Why they ought to hold him excused at such a time if he feared every thing and made all sure as well as he could considering withall it was expedient even for them also as many as the present state of the world might bring in suspition to be kept short for being able to execute any attempt rather than be surprised in the mids of their practises and complots and so be punished accordingly even for this cause quoth hee I will have certaine persons in safe custodie and durance untill such time as the tempest be overblowen which now is comming And when the enemies be once repulsed from whome lesse daunger there will be in case domesticall treasons may be prevented then incontinently will I enlarge them and set them at liberty This said he commanded the names to be called of fourescore or therabout of the principall of the youth and as every one of them answered to his name he clapt him up fast in prison and the next night following murdered them every one After this certaine Ilotes these were they who ever of old time were the Burghers Villagiers a kind of peasants and country kerns were accused to have intended to flie unto the enemie and to band with him who likewise were whipped and scourged throughout all the streets and then put to death By the fearefull example of this crueltie the courages of the common sort were well cooled and abated yea and so astonied that they durst not once quetch nor give attempt of any new designments tending to change and alteration His forces he kept within his strength and places of defence for neither thought hee himselfe strong enough to enter the field and fight a set battaile nor durst abandon the citie seeing the minds of men so wavering and their affections so unconstant Quintius having made his provision and set all things in good order departed from his standing camp and the second day came to Sellasia upon the river Oenus in which very place Antigonus sometime king of the Macedonians strucke a battell men say with Cleomenes the tyrant of the Lacedaemonians And there
having intelligence that from thence he was to mount up an hard ascent and narrow passage he set a short compasse through the mountains having sent before certaine men to levell the ground and make the way even and so gat into a large and broad port-gate untill he came to the river Eurotas which runneth in manner hard under the walls of the citie of Sparta where as the Romanes were pitching their tents even as Quintius himselfe with the horsemen and light vaunt-courriers gone before the aid-souldiours of the tyrant charged upon them who looking for nothing lesse because no man had encountred them al the way as they marched but passed on in their journey as in a peaceable countrey were much troubled and affrighted herewith This feare of theirs continued a good time while the horsemen called unto the footmen and they againe unto the horsemen and both the one sort and the other trusted in themselves but little or nothing at all At length the standards of the legions with their ensignes came forward and were within sight and so soon as the companies of the vauntguard advaunced soorth to fight they who erewhile teirified others were driven in fearefull hast themselves into the citie The Romanes being retired so far from the wall as that they were without dartshot stood a while raunged in battell array But after that they saw none of the enemies come abroad against them returned to their leaguer The next day after Quintius tooke his way and marched with his armie in order of battell along the towne side neere unto the river hard at the foot of the hill Maenalus The companies of the legionarie footmen led the march in the â—â—untguard the light footmen and the horsemen followed in the rereward and flanked the rest Nabis kept within the walls his mercenarie souldiours in whom he reposed greatest confidence arraunged under their ensignes and in readinesse to fight purposing to charge the backe of his enemies And the arrierguard of the Romanes was not so soone passed by but they fallied out of the towne at sundrie places at once with as tumultuous a noise as they made the day before Appius Claudius had the leading of the rereward who having prepared beforehand the hearts of his souldiours and advertised them to be prest and readie for what occurrent soever might happen presently turned the ensignes and set a compasse with the whole armie to make head against the enemies Whereupon there ensued a hote sight which endured a good time as if two armies had directly encountred one another In the end the souldiours of Nabis began to recule and flie in which flight of theirs they had made lesse hast and better saved themselves but that the Achaeans who were acquainted well with the ground and knew the coasts of the countrey hotely followed the chase these made a soule carnage and butcherie among them and the most part such as were dispersed here and there in their flight they disarmed Then Quintius encamped neete unto Amycla and having harried and wasted all the territorie round about the citie which places were well peopled and very pleasant when he saw no enemies issue out at the citie gates heremoved his campe hard to the river Eurotas From whence he made excursions wasted all the vale lying under the hill Taigetus and the lands butting and adjoining close to the sea Much about the same time L. Quintius made himselfe maister of the townes situate on the sea side some yeelded willingly others for feare or perforce And being afterwards advertised that the towne Gyttheum served for a place of safe retreat and refuge unto the Lacedaemonians in all their exploits and service at sea and that the Romanes lay encamped not far from the sea side hee resolved to assaile it with all forcible meanes This towne at that time was very strong well peopled with citizens and other inhabitants and sufficiently furnished with all warlike provision and munition And in very good time it fell out that as Quintius was entred unto this difficult enterprise king Eumenes and the Rhodian fleet arrived A mightie number of marriners and sea-servitours gathered out of three Armadaes within few daies made and finished all engines and fabrickes which were to assault a citie so well fortified both by sea and land Now was the towne wall broken downe with the undermining of the tortues now was the wall shaken by the push of the ram and with all there was one tower that by continuall batterie was overthrown and with the fall thereof all the wall that stood of each side came tumbling downe lay along And the Romanes endevoured at one time to enter the towne both from the haven where the passage was more plaine and easie to the end that the enemies might abandon the defence of the more open place and also at the breach made in the wall and they missed but very little of entrance there where they entended but the hope they conceived of yeelding the cittie which anone was crossed againe and turned to nothing staied their violence and heat of assault Dexagoridas and Gorgopas governed the towne then in equall authoritie Dexagoridas had dispatched a courrier to the Romane lieutenant to signifie that hee would betray the towne and when the time and place of execution of this designement was agreed upon between them the traitour was killed by Gorgopas by occasion whereof the citie was the better defended with more carefull heed by him alone yea and the assault thereof had been more difficult but that Titus Quintius came to succour and helpe with foure thousand chosen souldiours Hee was no sooner discovered with an armie arraunged in battell array from the brow and top of the hill that is not farre distant from the towne whiles L. Quintius withall from another side followed the assault with his ordinance and artilleric both by sea and land but Gorgopas then began himselfe to despaire in very deed and was driven perforce to take that very course which in another he had punished by death and upon composition that he might depart and have away with him those soldiors which he had in garison he delivered up the citie to Quintius Before that Gyttheum was rendered Pythagoras left as captaine at Argos leaving the guard and defence of the citie unto the charge of Timocrates of Pellenae came with a thousand waged souldiours and two thousand Argives unto Nabis at Lacedaemon And Nabis like as at the first arrivall of the Romane fleet and the surrender withall of the townes standing by the sea side was much affrighted so hee had recovered againe some little hope and was well quieted in mind so long as Gyttheum held out still and his garison within the towne kept their owne But after he heard once that it also was yeelded unto the Romanes and lost seeing no hope left by land side which was wholly possessed by the enemies and that he was altogether shut up from the sea hee thought it best
the skie through them But when they approched once the pitch and crest of the mountaine behold a thing not lightly seene in other parts they light upon so grosse and thicke a mist which overspread and covered all that they had as much ado to march forward as if they had travelled in the darke and mirke night At last by the third daies end they gained the verie top of the mountaine Now when they were come downe from thence againe they made no lesse report thereof than the common opinion was that went of it which I beleeve leeve verily they did of purpose because they would not bee mocked and scorned for this their foolish and vaine voiage rather than for that they could indeed within the same prospect and from one place view seas mountaines and rivers situate and distant so farre asunder Much moiled they were all and sore toiled in this untoward way but the king above the rest by reason that he was farre stept in age and unweldie of bodie Well after hee had done sacrifice there upon two altars consecrated to Iupiter and the Sunne he descended in two daies wheras he had made three of it in ascending and that which hee feared most was the cold nights which there in the beginning of the dog-daies were like to those of midwinter in other places Many difficulties he wrestled and strove with all during those daies being returned into his camp he found no better Nothing was there but extreame want and penurie as being pitched in a place compassed about on everie side with desarts and wildernesse And therefore when hee had staied there but one only day to rest repose his men whom he had taken with him in that journey he hastened away and in a running march as if hee had fled in rout entered the countrey of the Denthelets These Dentheletes were his owne confederat allies but the Macedonians such was their need necessitie pilled and spoiled their confines no lesse than if they had ben professed enemies For first they wasted and destroied their holts graunges and farme houses afterwards certaine wicks and villages also robbing and rifling as they went to the great dishonour of the king who could not chuse but heare the pitteous complaints and mones of his associates crying to the gods patrones of alliances and calling upon his name for help but could have no meed and remedie When he was purveyed of corne from thence and returned into the countrey Maedica he began to assaile a citie which they call Petra Himselfe in person lay encamped in the avenue and readie way upon the plaines but hee sent his sonne Perseus with a small companie to fetch a compasse and give the assault from the higher places that commaunded the towne The townesmen thus hard bested with terror on every side for the present yeelded upon composition and gave hostages but after the armie was retired they forgetting their pledges abandoned the citie and fled for refuge into certaine forts fenced places high mountains Philip having wearied his soldiours with all manner of travell to no effect and withall entertained more jelousie and suspition of his sonne Demetrius by the leaud practise and false suggestions of Didas the governour of Paeonia returned into Macedo nie This Didas as hath been said before sent to conduct Demetrius home abused the simplicitie of the young gentleman who was nothing circumspect and warie but seemed discontented and complained to him as good cause hee had of those that were neerest in nature and bloud unto him he I say by flattering by soothing him up and seeming withal to bee offended and greeved for his part at such hard usage laid snares and grinns set traps for him and in conclusion by his double diligence and offering his voluntarie service to doe him pleasure protesting also to be true and fast unto him yea and to keepe his counsell fetched out of him the very secrets of his heart Now had Demetrius a purpose with himselfe to flie to Rome and to effectuate this designement of his hee was persuaded that of a speciall grace and favour the gods had sent and offered unto him this Didas the Pretour of Paeonia to be his helper and assistant for through his province he conceived some hope to passe and escape with securitie This intent and plot of his was both immediately disclosed to his brother Perseus and also by him declared to his father And first were letters hereof brought unto him whiles he lay at the siege of Petra Afterwards Herodorus the principal friend that Demetrius had was committed to ward and withall order was taken to watch and observe Demetrius that he started not aside but all underhand and close without semblance of any such matter These occurrents above all others caused the king to have a dolorous and heavie returne into Macedonie These new accusations thus presented troubled him much howbeit hee thought good to expect the returne of those whom he had sent to Rome as spies to heare all and find out the truth In the anguish and agonie of these cares and perplexities when the king had continued certaine months in the end those embassadours came home who at first ere they set foot out of Macedonie had devised and framed before hand what reports they would make from Rome These messengers to make up the full measure of all their wicked and divellish practises delivered also into the kings hand a false and forged letter sealed with a counterfeit signe of T. Quintius The said letter was endited to this tenour and effect That Quintius should seeme for his owne excuse to say that albeit young Demetrius caried away with an inordinat desire to be king had slipped a little treated with him about some such matter yet would he doe nothing to prejudice any one about K. Philip neither would he be thought or found a man to give any ungodly and ungracious counsel These letters struck it dead sure and made the king beleeve that all the former imputations fastened upon Demetrius were true past al peradventure Wherupon Herodorus presently was put to the rack and examined but after he had endured intollerable paines a long time confessed nothing he died in the end under the tormentors hand Perseus accused Demetrius againe before his father for that he entended and provided to take his flight through Paeonia And there came forth certain to testifie against him saying that hee had corrupted inveagled and enduced them to accompanie him in that journey But that which made most of all against him was that same devised letter of T. Quintius Howbeit there was no greevous sentence pronounced openly against him to the end that rather by some covert and cautelous practise hee might come to his death and this not for any feare that hee had of him but doubting least some ouvert punishment executed upon him might reveale and discover his secret designement of making war upon the Romanes Philip himselfe taking
out the citie fouresquare as Plutarch witnesseth whereupon of some it is called Quadrata Others affirme that the forme and compasse thereof is uncertaine and by reason of Antiquitie unknowne at this day The hill Palatinus was by Romulus first fortified because therein he was brought up at the foot whereof began the Pomoerium Afterwards the Capitoll and the Romane Forum were laid to it The citie began to be marked and bounded out from the beast-market from whence in certaine places were stones pitched and set between along the bottome of the mount Palatine as far as to the altar of Consus and so within a while to the old Curiae then to the chappell of the Lares the Roman Forum the bounds were extended until a place was assigned for the wals and a spatious plot to build the cittie upon Titus Tatius began the wall from the rocke Carmentalis and brought it to the way which is not farre from Tyber From thence Southward unto the farthest part of the grand cirque and so Northeast ward hee raunged it into the Forum of Nerva and in the end joined it to one of the points of the Capitoll hill and within it compassed both the Capitoll itselfe and also the Palatine And finally to enlarge the citie hee set to it the hils Quirinalis and Coelius CHAP. IIII. The gates of Romulus his citie ROmulus when he died left the citie of Rome with three gates namely Carmentalis Romana and Pandana Others adde a fourth thereto to wit Ianualis Carmentalis took the name of Carmentis the mother of Evander whose chappell Carmentale stood before the gate This gate stood under the Capitoll on the right hand betweene the cliffe Tarpeius and the Tyber over-against the church now of S. Katherine toward the shew place Flaminius This was afterwards named Scelerata for that without this gate in the temple of Lanus the act of Senate passed for the sending of the three hundred Fab\Ì„y to Cremera who went foorth at this gate and were slaine every one at Cremera Romana was so called of Romulus built it was where now the gardens are belonging to the new church of S. Marie not farre from the angle of the mount Palatine in the bottome of the cliffe of Victoria Some affirme that this gate was afterwards called Mugonia of the loowing of kine and oxen others name it Trigonia of three corners that it had Pandana was so cleped because it stood open for things to bee brought through it into the cittie The same was called Libera or Romulida The place for it they assigned where the gate Saturnia stood bearing the name of the old citie so called and after destroied Ianualis carried the name of the temple of Ianus which is not far off It stood sometime at the very foot of the hill Viminalis CHAP. V. The varietie of the compasse and walls of the citie VVHen the Romans one while made warre upon their neighbor nations of Italie and otherwhiles defended themselves against their violence it hapned for the most part that they got the upper hand and ever as they vanquished any and subdued them under their subjection in the end made them cittizens of Rome by which occasion the cittie built by Romulus was not sufficient to receive so great a multitude Tullus therefore after his conquest of the Sabines and Albanes laid to the citie the mountain Coelius and the Esquiliae so enlarged it Afterwards when Politorium was woon and a number of the inhabitants translated to Rome Ancus made a second enlargement of the citie and granted these new commers the mount Aventine to inhabite The old Romanes therfore dwelt in Palatine the Sabines in Capitolium the Albanes in Coelius and this new-come multitude in Aventine But after the Latines also were received into the citie they joined Ianiculus also to the citie by a wodden bridge made over the Tyber and cast a trench called Fossa Quiritium about the low levell places of the citie So the Trans-tyberine quarter was united to the citie made it more spatious stately last of all Servius Tullius by adjoining the hils Viminalis and Quirinalis to the five abovenamed amplified the cittie And whereas before it was mounded about with rubbish and the same rudely laid Tarquin the prowd was the first that enclosed it with a wall of good ashler stone And the very same walls which stand at this day were by the posteritie that followed repaired and reedified upon the old foundations But the cittie in old time when as it flourished in greatest glorie extended farre more in bounds and compasse For in Flinies time the circuit therof within the wall contained about 20 miles But in these daies hardly 12. And the whole compasse of the citie with the suburbes and buildings about and without the walls which although they spreadfar were comprehended yet under the name of citie in the said Plinies time was 50 miles CHAP. VI. The Pomoerie of the citie THat void space of ground within and without the walls which might not lawfully bee either plowed or inhabited is called Pomaerie And sometime it is put for the circuit of the whole citie This Pomoerie was often times set out farther and altered by the Roman emperours But none had power graunted so to doe save only they that either conquered somewhat to the Romane dominion or endowed the citie with some singular and especiall benefit as the emperor Claudius and many more And like as the Romanes had no certain limits of their empire so no set bounds confined either the citie or the Pomoerie CHAP. VII The gates of old Rome which at this day are not to be seene those also that are now extant EVen as the bounds of the citie and Pomaerium were many times altered so the gates also some were left within the citie by occasion that the walls were farther set out and lost their names others in time were so old that they fell downe and albeit their name remaine yet the place where they stood is not knowne Some againe were made new and tooke either new names or else kept their old others changed the place and held their old name and finally there were some that had two names and others more And these in manner were all the names of the gates Flumentana or Flaminia Numentana or Viminalis Esquilina or Taurina Capena or Appia Tergemina or Hostiensis Ratumena or Vientana Quirinalis Agonensis or Collina Ianualis or Sabiusa leading into the Sabines countrey Noevia or Labicana Coelimontana or Asinaria Portuensis or Navalis Triumphalis or Vaticana Carmentalis Magonia Pandana QuerquetuIana Raduscula Saginalis Saucualis Collatina Interaggeres Tiburtina Gabiusa Latina Aurelia Catularia Laurentia Fontinalis Lavernalis Ferentina Minutia Salutaris Mutia Piacularis Prenestina Libitinesis Valeria and Tarpeia Flumentana tooke name of the river Tyberis for it stood at the first upon the banke of that river not far from the bridge of Xystus in the end of the Broad street and at the
certaine scutchions or bucklers that fell from heaven called Ancilia commanding them to run about the cittie chaunting hymns and songs with dancing and leaping full solemnly Moreover he chose for a Superintendent or high Priest Numa Martius the sonne of Marcus one of the Senatours and to him hee gave in writing set downe under his hand and scale a rule whereby he might know what beasts should be killed for sacrifice upon what daies and at which temples and how the monie should bee levied and disbursed for the diffraying of all charges All other sacred rites as well publicke as private hee submitted and referred to the discretion and ordering of that high Priests to this end that the common people might know unto whom they were to resort for counsell and instruction and that no part of Gods worship and service should by neglect of the auncient rites and traditions of their owne countrey bee consounded and corrupted by bringing in any strange and forraine superstitions Hee ordained besides that the same Archprelate should teach not onely these heavenly ceremonies but also funerall obsequies and how the spirits beneath and ghosts of bodies departed should be quieted and pacified and what strange and prodigious tokens that came by way of lightening thunder or any other fearfull sight whatsoever should be expiate and purged by sacrifice accordingly And for to know the truth portended by these tokens even from the minds of heavenly spirits above hee consecrated unto Iupiter Elicius an altar upon the mount Aventine And by the meanes of Augurie he consulted with that god what things he was to enterprise and goe about Whilest the whole multitude was thus drawne away and cleane turned from thinking of force and armes and busied about devising and ordering of these matters not onely their minds were occupied in doing somewhat but also the continuall feare of God now setled in them as being persuaded that the heavenly power was present in the managing of mens affaires had possessed now all their hearts with such pietie and religious holinesse that faithfull promise once made and the reverence of an oath taken abandoning all feare of law and punishment was able to rule and governe the cittie And as the people framed and reformed themselues to the fashions and manners of their king as the only and speciall patterne to follow so the nations likewise bordering upon them who before time verily thought that cittie to be built and as it were encamped in the middest of them to the disturbance and disquieting of all their peace were now become so respective of them that they thought it an impious and sinfull deed once to offend or offer abuse to that cittie so well given and so devoted to the worship and service of God Furthermore there was a grove the middlest whereof was watred continually by a spring that issued out of a darke and shaddowed cave into which because Numa used verie oft to retire himselfe alone without any other as it were to have familiar companie with AEgeria hee dedicated that grove unto the Muses for that their assistance also in counsell and advise hee desired together with his wife AEgeria And to Faith alone hee instituted a solemne yearely feastivall day and erected a chappell Vnto which hee commanded the Flamines to ride in an arched or embowed close chariot drawn with two horses and to sacrifice and execute their function with their hands covered and wrapped close to their fingers ends signifying thereby that faith is to bee kept and preserved and that her seat was sacred and consecrated even upon the right hands Many other sacrifices and places for sacrifice which the Priestscal Argeos did he appoint and dedicate But of all his acts this was most worthie and memorable that during the time of his raigne hee had no lesse regard to preserve peace than to maintaine roiall estate and dominion Thus two kings one after other taking either of them a severall course by himselfe that one by warre this other by peace mightily promoted the welfare of the cittie Romulus raigned 37 yeares Numa 43. So that now the cittie became very puissant as being well and equally tempered both with fears of armes as also with discipline of peace Vpon the death of Numa the regiment returned againe to an interreigne Then the people nominated and elected for their king with the roiall assent of the Senatours Tullas Hostilius the nephew or grandsonne of that Hostilius who had in times past sought valiantly against the Sabines at the foot of the castle hill This man was not onely unlike the former king but also more fierce and hardie than Romulus himselfe For besides the heat of youth and strength of bodie withall the glorious remembrance of his grandfather set him on and pricked him forward Supposing therefore that the cittie through rest and ease began to age as it were and to decay hee sought everie way to picke quarrels and to give occasion to make warre It forruned that the pezants about Rome and those of Alba likewise preided and spoiled one anothers land At that time C. Cluilius was lord and king of Alba. From both parts wel neere at one time were Embassadours addressed to demand restitution of good and satisfaction for their harmes Tullus Hostilius he had streightly charged his messengers to have no dealing with the Albane prince before they had delivered unto him their message For well hee wist that hee would make deniall and yeeld no amends and then might hee with safe conscience justly proclaime warre against him On the contrarie side the Albane embassadours followed their businesse but slackely for being courteously invited and friendly entertained by Tullus and lodged within his pallace they were well content to bee feasted by the king and were his daily guests so long that the Romanes had by this time both challenged their owne first and upon deniall made by the Albane King given defiance and proclaimed open warre within thirtie daies next ensuing Vpon which tidings by them related to Tullus hee gave the Albane Embassadours audience permitting them to declare what their errand was that they came about They simple men ignorant of all that was done first spent time in excusing themselves saying they were very loath and unwilling to speak ought that might displease Tullus but being commanded by authoritie they might not will nor chuse and thereupon were come to make claime of goods and amends for wrongs and if they were not restored and recompence made they had commission to denounce warre against him Where unto Tullus made answere in this wise Tell your king and maister quoth hee that the Romane king calleth the gods to witnesse whether of the two Nations sent the Embassadours away first and rejected them when they demanded restitution that upon his head they might bring the miserie losse and calamitie of the present warre With this dispatch the Albanes returned home So they made preparation of forces on
enemies shout and the armed souldiours run to and fro in the cittie killing and slaying firing and burning all afore them as they goe but a sad silence and a still kind of sorrow and pensivenesse so possessed and astonied all their minds ' that for feare forgetting what to leave behind them or what to take with them without advise and counsell one asking another what to doe they one while stood in their house entries another while ran up and downe wandring in their houses as if their last day had beene come But so soone as they heard the horsemen crie aloud and command them with menacing to void and depart and that now the ratling of the tiles and slates from off the houses as they were a pulling downe was from the furthest part of the towne heard and that the dust raised from places farre off had as it were with a cloud overcast and filled all then everie man catching up hastily and carrying forth what hee could leaving their domesticall gods leaving their houses wherein they had beene borne bred and brought up departed forth so that now they filled the streets as they went close on a row together and the fight one of another with mutuall commiseration redoubled their teares and wofull complaints Yea pittious mone lamentations were heard of women especially as they passed by their faire and stately churches beset with souldiours and abandoned their gods as it were captives and prisoners After the Albanes had thus quit the cittie downe went the Romanes everie where with the buildings as well publicke as private and laid them even with the ground and so in one hower destroied and rased soure hundred yeeres worke for so long had Alba stood and flourished Howbeit the temples of the gods they spared for so the king had given commandement Rome all this while riseth by the fall of Alba. The number of Cittizens increased double to enlarge the cittie the mount Celius was annexed to it and that it should bee better peopled and more inhabited Tullus had his roial fear and pallace there and therein from that time forth he kept his court The cheese Cittizens of the Albanes he advanced to the order of Senators that hee might augment that state also of the Commonweale namely the houses of the Tulli Servilij Quintij Geganij Curiatij Cloelij and for that degree and order of Senators by him encreased he built an hall or new court called until our fathers daies Hostilia curia i Hostilias court And that all estates and degrees might out of this new people be somewhat strengthened hee chose from out of the Albanes ten troopes or cornets of horsemen and with the same supplie hee both fulfilled the number of the old legions and also made and enrolled new Tullus upon this affiance he had in his strength and power denounceth warre against the Sabines a people in those daies of all other most puissant and mightie both in men and munition next the Tuscanes Wrongs had been done and outrages committed on both parts and restitution or amends demanded but to no effect Tullus found himselfe greeved that diuers occupiers or merchants of Rome at an open mart or faire of great resort before the temple of Feromâ— were said hold upon and apprehended The Sabines on the other side complained that their men notwithstanding they took sanctuarie in a certain sacred and priviledged grove were arested and in hold at Rome These were the quarrels and occasions pretended of the warre The Sabines well remembring that not onely part of their owne forces was by Tatius translated to Rome and there planted but also that now of late the puissarice of the Romans was well amended by the supplement of the Albanes began likewise for their part to cast about and seeke for helpe abroad and forraine aids Now was Tuscane their neighbour nation and of the Tuscanes the neerest vnto them were the Veientians From thence they gat certaine voluntaries to take their part by reason that their minds alreadie were well disposed to revolt upon old grudges and rancour remaining still of the former warres past othersome also vagarants and idle persons of the rascall sort and needie commons were soone hired for monie But as for any succor from thence by publicke consent of the state they had none at all So much prevailed even with the Veientians for in the rest it was lesse marvell the faithfull covenant of truce concluded with Romulus Now when these preparations of warre were made on both sides to the uttermost of their power and that it stood upon this point That they were like to have the ods and vantage who should begin first and enter the field Tullus prevented the enemies and invaded the Sabine land A sharpe and bloodie battell was there fought under the wood Malicusa Where the Romanes bare themselves bravely that day much upon the valour of the Legionarie footmen but more upon the strength of their men of armes whose number lately was augmented for by the suddain and forcible charge of the horsemen the battel of the Sabines was so broken their ranckes so disordered that they could neither stand close together to fight it out nor yet spred themselves to flie without great slaughter and bloodshead The Sabines thus vanguished and the kingdome of Tullus and the whole state of Rome being verie glorious and wealthie behold newes came to the King and Senatours that in the Albane mount it raigned stones which hardly was beleeved and therefore certaine men were sent of purpose to see this strange and prodigious fight who might plainely behold stones to fall thicke out of the skie like as when some forcible winds drive haile in big round bals upon the earth They imagined moreover that they heard a great and mightie voice out of the grove from the verie top of the hill crying unto them warning the Albanes to do sacrifice and divine service according to the rites ancient maner of their forefathers which they had discontinued and forgotten as if together with their country they had abandoned their gods and either taken to the Romane fashion or else being angrie with fortune as it is commonly seene forlet and neglected the worship of the gods altogether The Romanes likewise upon that miraculous signe for the purging and expiation thereof celebrated solemne publicke sacrifices for the space of nine daies called a Novendiall either because they were mooved thereto by that voice from heaven for that also is reported or tooke direction from the Soothfaiers that prie into the inwards of beasts Certaine it is that a solemne custome remaineth still unto this day that whensoever word commeth of the like wonder they keepe hollyday nine daies together Not long after this the pestilence raigned in the cittie And albeit the people began thereby to slacke soulderie and militarie service yet would not this martiall prince give them rest and respite from warre being of this mind that the bodies
herupon it was faith he that he fared so as he did and railed against him so bitterly the day before in his absence for that he by his long tarrying had put him by his hope and the effect of his dessignes and if all were true that was told him he nothing doubted but early in the morning at break of the day so soone as they were set in counsell together he would come armed and well appointed with a crew of his adherents sworne consederates for reported it is quoth he that a number of swords and other weapons are brought into his lodging which whether it be so or no might soone be knowne And therwith he desired them to take the paines to go with him thither And verily considering the proud nature and hautie spirit of Turnus together with his yesterdaies Oration and the long stay of Tarquinius besides for that the pretended massacre seemed therby to have beene put off and prolonged the matter became very suspcious and pregnant Thus go they with minds verily somewhat enclined and disposed to beleeue all and yet so as they would thinke all the rest but tales and lies unlesse they found the swords aforesaid Being come to the house and Turnus awakened out of sleepe certaine warders were set to keepe him on every side and when they had laid hold upon his servants who for love of their lord and master began to make resistance the swords were brought forth out of all the blind corners of the hostelrie openly to be seene then was it a cleare case and past all peradventures and Turnus was apprehended yrons clapt upon him And immediatly in all hast the Latins Assembled together to counsell in that great tumult and uprore Where upon bringing forth the sword in sight before them all they were so incensed and deadly bent against him that he was not suffered to answere and plead for himselfe but was presently at the source or spring head of the Ferentine water plunged downe a hurdle done aloft upon him greatstones heaped theron and so after a new kind of death stisled drowned Tarquinius then after he had called the Latins againe to the place of counsell much commended them for dulie executing Turnus who practising thus to alter and trouble the state was detected of a manifest intended murder made this speech unto them I might quoth he if I would by vertue of ancient rites alledge and plead that for as much as all the Latines are descended from Alba they are comprised within that consederacie and league whereby in the raigne of Tullus the whole Commonweale and State of Alba together with their inhabitants became incorporate into the Empire of Rome Howbeit in regard rather of the commoditie and weale publicke of all I judge it requisite that the league were renued and that the Latines might enjoy and be pertakers of the prosperitie and happie fortune of the people of Rome rather than evermore to hazard and suffer the destruction and desolation of their citties with the spoiling and wasting of their lands which first in Ancus daies they tasted and after in my fathers time they had abidden and suffered The Latines were hereto soone persuaded And although in that league the preheminence and soveraintie rested in the Romans yet they saw well enough that both the heads and rulers of the Latine Nation stood with the Romane king and were wrought unto his hand to side with him and also Turnus unto them was a sreth precedent and example to teach them what danger might betide euery one that should make a part against him and crosse his intention So the alliance was renewed and proclamation made that according as it was capitulated that all the serviceable men of the Latins should at a day appointed repaire in good number with their armor unto the grove of Ferentina Who when they were there met together from all parts according to the edict of the Romaine king to the end should have no captaine of their owne to lead them no privie watchwoord or regiment by themselves to direct them nor private ensignes distinct from the rest to keepe them together he shuffeled on mingled the bands and companies of Latins and Romaines one with another making one of twaine and two of one and when he had thus doubled the bands he set Centurions over them And albeit he was in peace an unjust prince yet was he in war no bad captaine nay for martiall prowesse he had beene equall to the formerkings had he not failed and degenerated in other things and thereby stained and hurt his glorie even in that behalfe He was the first that warred upon the Volscians which war after his time lasted more than 200 years and wan from them by force Suessa Pometia Where having made portsale of the pillage and raised as much gold and siluer as amounted to 40 talents he conceived in his mind to build so stately a Temple of Iupiter as might beseeme the soveraigne king of gods and men become the noble Empire of Rome and answere the majesty also of the very place where it was to stand And for the rearing and finishing of this Temple he laid that money apart that came of the spoile aforesaid But presently upon this was he surprised with a warre that held longer than he hoped it would For having made one assault in vaine upon Gabij a neighbour citie to Rome and dispairing also of any good successe by beleagering the towne for that he was valiantly repussed from the wals at the last he devised and resolved to get it by wile and deceit a course that Romaines had not usually practised For making as though he had given over and abandoned this warre as being now earnestly bent and busily occupied about laying the foundations of the Temple and folowing other publike works in the citie Sextus his sonne the yongest of three sled for the nones to Gabij complaining of his fathers intollerable rigor and crueltie against him saying That now he had turned his accustomed pride from strangers upon his owne blood and was growne to be weary of so manie children that as he had made good hand and cleane riddance of his nobles and left the Senat desolate so he might bring it to passe in his own house to leaue behind him no issue nor inheritour of the kingdome And for his owne person verily he was escaped from among the pikes and swords of his father and was persuaded fully he might no where be sure in safety but with the capitall enemies of L. Tarquinius For to put them out of doubt and that they might be no longer abused the war continued stil against them which seemed in outward shew given over and laid away and his father would not faile but whensoever he could spie his vantage and sit opportunitie come upon them at unawares But in case there were no place of refuge and protection for poore and humble suppliants amongst
encouraged Some latch the firebrands as they flew others by force snatch them from them so that now both battailes were armed with fire The Generall of horsemen for his part renueth the horse-service commaunding them to plucke the bitts out of their horses mouths and was the first himselfe that setting spurres to rode with bridle in horsenecke into the middest of the fire and the other horses also being pricked forward and eased of their bridles caried the riders with full cariere against the enemie The dust rising together with the smoke took the light from mens eies and horses both And that fight which had terrified the souldiours nothing at all affrighted the horses Wheresoever therfore the men of armes rode they bare down all afore them as if some houses had come tumbling upon their heads Herewith happened a new al'arme to be heard which having caused both armies to wonder and listen thereunto the Dictator crieth out aloud That Quintius the Lieutenant and his regiment came upon the back of the enemies and himselfe reenforcing the shout advanceth his ensignes forward more freshly When as now two armies and two divers battailes preased sore upon the Tuscanes and environned them both before and behind and that the enemies could neither flie backe to their campe nor yet retire or withdraw themselves unto the mountaines from whence a fresh supplie of enemies made head and affronted them and that the horses being unbrideled carried the riders every way hither and thither the most part of the Veientians ran scattering in disorder and highing them apace toward the Tyber the Fidenatians that remained to the citie Fidene But in that tearfull flight they ran upon their owne death Some were killed on the banckes of the river others were driven into the water and the stream and whirlepits carried them away And even they that were cunning swimmers what with wearinesse and what with faintnesse of their wounds with fright suncke and were drowned so that few of many swam over in safetie The other armie fled through their campe into the cittie The same way also the Romanes followed forciblie after and Quintius especially together with them who crewhile came downe from the mountaines and were the freshest souldiors for fight as who came last into the battell so afterwards entred pell mell among their enemies into the gate climed upon the wals and from the wals set up a banner to their fellowes in token that they had woon the towne Which as soone as the Dictatour espied for now by this time had hee made an entrance into the forlorne and abandoned campe of his enemies he brought the souldiours upon desire to run to a spoile and hoping of a greater saccage in the citie streight unto the gate And being gotten within the wals marcheth directly forward to the castle whereinto he beheld the multitude to flie for refuge and safetie The execution in the cittie was no lesse than in the field which continued untill they threw away their weapons and craving nothing but life yeelded themselves to the Dictator So both citie and campe was spoiled and sacked The morrow after the Dictator disposed of his prisoners thus He drew them by lot and gave to every horseman and Centurion one and to as many as had done more valiantly than other two apeece the rest he sold in portsale And so with triumph brought home to Rome his victorious armie enriched with a great bootie and having commaunded the Generall of the horsemen to resigne up his office himselfe also surrendreth his owne upon the sixteenth day after his creation yeelding up his government in peace which in time of war and in a fearefull state he had received There be some that have recorded in their Chronicles that there was a battaile fought with the Veientians at Fidene by ships upon the water A thing verily no lesse impossible than incredible Considering that even at this day the river is not broad ynough for such a purpose and at that time as by auncient men we have learned it was farre narrower than now it is Vnlesse haply in crossing over the river some vessels or bottomes that were put out to meet and to receive them were staied And so men making the matter greater as usually it commeth to passe have desired a vaine title of a navall victorie at sea The yeare following there were militarie Tribunes with Consuls authoritie A. Sempronius Atratinus L. Quintius Cincinnatus L. Furius Medullinus and L. Horatius Barbatus Then was there a truce graunted unto the Veientians for twentie yeares and to the Aequians for three yeares whereas they had made suit for more Rest there was also from all feditions and broiles in the cittie The yeare following having neither warre abroad nor yet fedition at home was famous yet for the plaies which in time of warre had been vowed both in regard of the great preparations that the Militarie Tribunes made as also for the frequent resort and concourse of the Nations adjoining The Tribunes with Consuls authoritie were Cl. Crassus Sp. Nautius Rutilius T. Sergius Fidenas and Sextus Iulius Tullus The fight of these games and pastimes whereunto those strangers were come by publick consent of their States was unto them more acceptable in regard of the courtesie of those friends that gave them intertainement After these plaies there ensued seditious Orations of the Tribunes of the Commons who rebuked the common multitude for that they being besotted with admiration of those whom they had so hated kept themselves in perpetuall thraldome And not onely durst not attempt to put forth themselves for to bring in againe the possibilitie to have Consuls of their part as in times past no nor so much as in the creation of Militarie Tribunes the Election of whom was indifferent as well for Commons as Nobles were mindfull or thought either upon themselves or their friends and those of their owne bodie And therfore they should surcease to marveile why no man pleaded for the benefit of the comminaltie For travaile is well bestowed and danger well adventured where profit honor might be hoped and looked for And nothing is so difficult but men would employ themselves to enterprise the same if for the adventuring of great exploits there might be proposed as great rewards But that any Tribune of the Commons should run desperatly and blindly into a world of brangles and troubles with great hazard of his person and no hope at all of fruit and profit in the ende for which contention he might be sure that the Nobles against whom he strived would persecute him with deadly and irreconcilable malice and at the Commons hands for whom he thus contended he should be honored and advaunced never the more it was a thing neither to be expected nor required The onely méanes to get courage and magnanimitie is advancement to high place of honor and dignitie And as for them they would not disdaine the meanest commoner that was if they themselves
had given commaundement Vnlesse faith hee this troupe of men of armes staie the violence of the enemies wee see the last of the Romane Empire Follow therefore in stead of banner displaied the point of my launce let both Romanes and Volscians see that no nation is comparable to you either for foote or horse Whose encouragement being approoved and received with a shout hee advaunceth forward bearing his staffe aloft and what way soever they goe they enter and make roome with forcible sway and where they see their fellowes in greatest distresse thither they make speed opposing their targuets afore them And thus in every place whereas they thrust themselves forcibly was the fight renued and doubtlesse the enemies had turned their backs if possible it had been for so few to have performed everything at once Now when as the Generall of the Volscians saw his men not able to withstand them he gave a signall and charge to give way to this new band of enemies to wit these Targattiers untill such time as they had put themselves so forward that they might be excluded from their fellows Which being done these horsemen were enclosed on every side neither could they break through that way which they went because the enemies were there thickest where they had made their lane before The Cos. then with the legions of the Romans having lost the fight of those that had ben a shield of defence and bulwarke erewhile to the whole armie least that so many hardie men thus invironed should be overpressed by the enemies resolved to adventure any perill or hazard whatsoever The Volscians were likewise divertly occupied troubled For on the one side they bare off the Cos. and legions on the other side they affronted Tempanius sore the horsemen who seeing that after many assaies and offers they could not breake forth to their fellows gat up unto a certaine little hill and cast themselves into a ring and stood to their defence not without doing some mischiefe to their enemies neither gave they over fighting untill night The Consull also maintained the battell so long as he could see and kept the enemie play So the night parted them a sunder and uncertaine it was who had the upper hand And for that the event was unknown who sped the better so great a terrour came upon both parts in their campes that leaving the wounded and a great part of their cariages behinde both armies as taking themselves loosers recovered the mountaines that were next unto them How beit the hill or banke aforesaid continued still beset round about untill midnight But when word was brought thither to the Assailants how that their campe was abandoned they thinking their fellowes vanquished were also for their part affrighted made shift and fled in the darke as well as they could Tempanius fearing an ambushment kept his men there together untill day light Then went he downe with a few to discover the coasts and finding by enquirie made of the wounded enemies that the tents of the Volscians were left and forsaken he was full glad thereat and called downe his souldiors from the mount and entreth into the Romane campe Where seeing all void and forlorne and finding the same desolation which was amongst the enemies before that the Volscians upon knowledge of their errour should returne again he tooke with him those hurt souldiors that he could and not knowing to what quarters the Consull was gone marcheth forward the next way to the cittie of Rome And thither alreadie the bruit of this unluckie fight and of abandoning the tents was arrived But above all the rest those horsmen were bewailed great mone lamentation was made for them as well in privat as in publike The Cos. Fabius seeing the citie also terrified with this news kept ward before the gates by which time they might discover the horsemen aforesaid a far off but not without some feare of their parts doubting who they were But being soone knowne they caused so great contentment after former fear that in most joyful maner the noise went through the cittie how the horsemen were returned safe with victorie And out of those mourning and sorrowfull houses which a while afore had bid adieu to their friends and kinsfolke and bewailed their death they ran into the streetes and high waies by heapes The fearefull dames also wives forgetting for joie all decent and womanly modestie went out to meete the armie fell every one with open armes upon their owne husbands and sonnes tooke them about the necke clipped and kissed them and with all their hand and heart received them yea and for exceeding joy were almost past themselves The Tribunes of the Commons who had challenged accused M. Posthumius and T. Quintius for that by their default there was an unluckie fight before Veij seemed to have good occasion and opportunitie offered now by bringing the Consull Sempronius into fresh and new hatred and disgrace for to renue the conceived displeasure and malice of the people against them Having assembled therefore the people together with open mouth they declared that the Common-wealth was betraied first at Veij by the leaders and afterwards because they went cleare away withall and unpunished therefore the armie in Volsci was likewise lost by the Consull and that a troupe of most valiant knights were thus cast away and given to be murdered and the campe shamefully left and forsaken Then C. Iulius one of the Tribunes commanded Tempanius the horseman to be called and before them all said I would know of thee ó Sixtus Tempanius whether thou thinke that C. Sempronius the Consull either began battaile in good time or strengthned his battaillons with good succours and supplies or whether thou thy selfe when as the Romane legions and footmen were discomfired of thine owne head and pollicie causedst the horsemen to alight on foote and therby reenforced the fight Afterwards when thou and thy men of armes were shut out from our battaile whether either the Consull himselfe came to rescue or sent any succour unto thee Last of all whether the morrowe after thoir haddest any aid or rescue at all Whether thou and thy troupe of horsemen brake through into the campe by your own hardinesse and valor And whether ye found in the campe any Consull or armie or rather the pavilions abandoned and the souldiours left behind hurt and wounded To these premisses and pointes hast thou to speake this day upon thy vertue and the faith of a souldior by which onely in this warre-service the Commonweale hath stood preserved Finally where C. Sempronius and where our legions be Whither thou were forsaken thy selfe or whether thou forsookest the Consull and the armie And to conclude whether we have lost or woon the field To these demands Tempanius made as they say no fine Oration but a grave pithie speech like a souldiour not full of selfe-praises nor shewing any gladnesse for the fault of another and
to gratifie him withall to please his palate and to content his talage maketh his disease long and peradventure incureable who might have been recovered out of hand in case at once he would have resolutely endured the right cure of a skilfull physitian And certes if it were not materiall to the managing of this warre in hand yet would it import much to martiall discipline that our souldiors should be acquainted not onely with the sweet fruit of a victorie atchieved but also if occasion required longer time to abide this tediousnesse and to wait for the end of their hope be it never so long and if war be not finished in summer to stay for winter and not as sommer birds by andby in the fall of the leafe to looke about and seeke for housing harbour and covert Consider I beseech you and see The love and pleasure of hunting carrieth men into mountaines woods and forests through frost and snow after their game shal not we then use the like sufferance in the needfull exploits of warre which pastimes sports and delights are wont to draw and fetch out of us Thinke we the bodies of our souldiors so effeminat their hearts so tender and delicat that they cannot for one winter abide in campe and forbeare their home but must needs warre as men at sea watching times and seasons and observing the quarters of the yeare Cannot they endure both parching heat and chilling cold They would blush and be abashed verely if a man should therewith charge them and they would stand stifly in this and avouch That they had both in bodie and mind manlike sufferance and patience and that they were souldiors as well for winter as sommer and that they set not the Tribunes a worke for any patronage of cowardise shelter of idlenesse but remembred wel enough that their forefathers were not under shade for feare of sunburning nor had their houses over their heads for taking cold when they first created and ordeined that magistracie of Tribunes This rather is beseeming the valour of your souldiors this fitteth well the name of Romanes not to have their eie upon Veij onely and this warre now in hand but to seeke for fame and glorie both by other exploits and also with other nations in time to come And thinke yee that there would ensue hereupon a small crack of credit and hazard of reputation Would ye have the neighbour nations confining upon us conceive thus of the people of Rome That if a cittie could receive their first brunt and abide their assault for a very small while it neede not after to feare any more Or rather should not this dread and terrour of our name spread all abroad both far and neare That no wearisomnesse of long siege assault no violence of bitter winter is able to raise the Roman armie from any towne once by them invested as knowing no other ende of warre but victorie and whose manner of service is not by way of violent force more than of obstinate continuance which as in all other militarie occasions so in besieging of citties is most needfull the greatest number whereof being either by strong bulwarkes and other fortifications or by naturall situation impregnable yet by famine by hunger and thirst processe and tract of time only doth force and overthrow As it will I doubt not Veij at length unlesse the Tribunes of the communaltie succour our enemies unlesse that the Veientians find that reliefe and aid at Rome which they seeke in vaine throughout all Hetruria For can there ought happen to the Veientians so wishedfor as that first the cittie of Rome should be full of variance and then the campe as it were by a contagion from thence as full of mutinies But contrariwise I assure you amongst the enemies so good order there is and government that neither the tediousnesse of long siege ne yet the loathing of kingly rule hath caused any stur or garboile among them No not the deniall of helpe from the Tuscanes hath one whit troubled and distempered their mindes but die he shall forthwith that is the author of sedition Neither shall any man there be suffered to speake those words which are spoken here amongst you without any punishment or controlling He deserveth the bastanado to be drie beaten and well cudgeled that forsaketh his colours or departeth from his guard and quarter But here in open assemblies they that persuade and counsell not one or two souldiors but whole armies to leave their standerds and ensignes and abandon the very campe have audience with applause In so much that whatsoever a Tribune of the Commons speaketh although it were to betray the cittie and undoethe whole state ye are used to hearken and give good eare to him and being ravished and carried away with the sweetnesse of that authoritie yee suffer under it to lurke any misciefe whatsoever There remaineth now no more but this that the words they give out here with open mouth the same they might iterate in the campe among the souldiors to corrupt the armie and not suffer them to obey their captaines For to such licentious libertie they are growne at Rome that they feare and reverence neither counsell nor magistrate neither lawes nor auncient customes neither decree of Senatours ne yet the discipline of militarie service Now was Appius with his orations good enough for the Tribunes able to meet them at everie turne But see a thing that no man would have thought a losse and foile received before Veij made Appius to have the better hand of the cause wrought a greater unitie among the states and kindled an ardent desire to assaile Veij more hotelie and to beseege it with more resolution For when they had raised up a mount neere to the citie and approched in a manner to the wals thereof with their rolling towers roufed mantlets whiles I say they were not so vigilant in the night season to tend and watch these Fabrikes as they were busie and earnest in the day time to reare and plant them behold all of a suddain the enemies opened a gate and armed in great numbers especially with burning firebrands set all on a light fire and in the space of one hower consumed both the mount and the mantlets which had cost so long time in making And many a man besides that came to helpe but in vaine by sword and fire lost his life Which being reported at Rome made all men heavie and sad and caused the Senatours to take care and feare how upon this accident they might possiblie prevent and stay either commotion in cittie or mutinie in campe doubting least that the Tribunes would have insulted over the Common-weale as if they had gotten a great conquest At what time they that were by calling Gentlemen and so assessed and had no horses of service assigned them from the cittie after some consultation together among themselves suddainely came into the Senate and having libertie graunted of speech promised
revenged for Here upon he marshalleth his battaile as the ground would give him leave being the plot onely of a cittie halfe ruinate and lying along and with all of it selfe naturally uneven Forecasting and providing for all things with especiall choice and preparation to serve his souldiours turne as farre as martiall skill could possiblie reach The Gaules affrighted at this so strange an occurrent betooke them to their weapons and in a furious fit of anger rather than with any considerate discretion they ran upon the Romanes Now had fortune turned her wheele now Gods helpe and mans pollicie assisted the Romanes Therefore at the first encounter the Gaules were discomsited with as little difficultie as they themselves had atchieved the victorie at Allia Afterwards also in another more set battaile in the way of Gabes about eight miles from Rome to which place they were fled they were vanquished by the conduct and leading of the same Camillus For there were they slaine in every place their campe taken and not so much as one left to bring newes of their overthrow The Dictatour having thus delivered his countrie out of the enemies hand returneth againe with triumph into the citie And in all the sports and pleasant ditties which the souldiors rudely after their manner devised he was stiled Romulus the father of the countrie the second founder of the cittie which were no vaine titles of commendation When he had saved his countrie thus in warre he preserved it afterwards againe undoubtedly in time of peace namely in gain saying their transinigration to Veij whiles both the Tribunes enforced that matter more earnestly now after the burning of the citie and the Commons also of themselves were more enclined thereunto than before Which was one cause that after his triumph he resigned not up his Dictatorship being requested also by the Senat not to leave the citie in so doubtfull tearmes of perplexitie And first and formost as hee was evermore a most precise devout man and religious hee proposed those things which concerned the immortall gods and causeth an act of the Senate to be made Imprints that all the temples for that the enemies had held and possessed them should bee repaired bounded out new and purged Item that the manner of cleansing them should be searched out of the bookes of Sibylla by the Duumvirs Moreover that with the inhabitants of Caere there should be made a league of publicke and mutuall hospitalitie for receiving the sacred Images and priests of the people of Rome by the meanes and favour of which people the honour and service of the immortall gods was not forelet and discontinued Item That there should bee set out the Plaies called Capitolini for that Iupiter Optimus Maximus had still defended and preserved his owne seat and the Keepe of the people of Rome in that fearfull time of trouble And that M. Furius should ordain a guild or fraternitie out of those that dwelt in the hil of the capitoll for the celebration of those plaies Finally to the end there should be also some satisfaction expiation made of that night voice which being the fore-messenger and warning-giver of their destruction before the comming of the Gaules was heard and yet neglected a motion was made that a temple should be erected in the new causey to Aius Locutius The gold which was recovered by force from the Gaules as also that which out of other temples in that fearefull medley was brought into the chancell or chappell of Iupiter because they could not call to mind precisely into which churches they were to carrie it againe accordingly was all judged holie and sacred to Iupiter and order taken that it should be bestowed and laid up under his shrine And how devout the citie was appeared before in this That when there was not gold ynough in the common chest to make up the full summe of the ransome that was agreed upon betweene them and the Gaules they tooke that which the matrons wives of Rome contributed and all to spare and save the gold appointed to holy uses The matrons were therfore thanked and this honour besides done unto them That after their death they as well as their husbands should be openly praised in a solemne funerall Oration When those things were once accomplished which pertained to the gods and all done that belonged to the Senate for to doe then and not afore upon the stirres that the Tribunes kept with the Commons continually with their speeches in all their assemblies solliciting them to leave the ruines of the cittie and to remoove with all they had to Veij a towne readily furnished to their hand then I say and not before Camillus accompanied with the whole Senate came up into the common place of audience there before the people spake in this wise So grievous to me ô Quirites is all contention and variance with the Tribunes of the Commons that while I lived at Ardea I found no other comfort and solace in that most heavie wofull banishment of mine but this That I was farre ynough off from those debates and jarres In regard whereof I would never have come againe I assure you but that you called me backe both by Act of Senate and also by approbation of the people And it is not in me any change of mind but your calamitie and distressed estate that hath forced me to returne againe unto you For this was the verie point that you stood upon namely that our countrie might continue still and keepe her ancient place and not ywis that I should remaine and dwell therein againe And even now verily would I be still and keepe silence willingly but that this quarrell also is in the behalfe of my foresaid countrie the which to faile so long as life doth last for others might be a shamefull reproach but for Camillus it were most impious and abhominable For to what end have we returned to it again To what purpose when it was besiged have we delivered it out of the enemies hands if when we have recovered it we our selves abandon and leave the same And when as the gods and men of Rome kept still and inhabited the Capitoll and the castle notwithstanding the Gaules were lords and possessed of the whole cittie is it possible that both castle and capitoll after the cittie is regained should be forsaken and abandoned of the Romane victors And shall our prosperous hand over our enemies bring greater desolation to our cittie than adversity hath Verilie if it were so that we made no reckning of that religion and divine solemne service instituted even with the foundation of our cittie and that wee counted all vanities that have beene delivered unto us by tradition from our ancestors yet so evident a power of God hath assisted the Romanes that I must needs thinke that men can now no longer neglect the worship of God For consider with me I pray you either the prosperitie or the adversitie of these
when as they were come downe into Mars field sundrie times to assemblie but ever to no purpose and effect and that many Comitiall daies of assemblie were passed over only in seditions troubles at the last the Commons being overmatched through the stiffenesse and obstinacie of the Consuls tooke the matter so greevously to the heart that when the Tribunes brake forth into these speeches Now farewell freedome for ever now are wee driven not onely to forbeare comming into Mars field but also to abandon and forsake the cittie taken captive and oppressed by the lordly rule of the Nobles and therewithall departed the Commons with sorrowfull cheere did the semblable and followed after The Consuls being thus left destitute of one part of the people yet neverthelesse went through with the election as few as they were there remaining And Consuls there were elected of the Nobilitie both M. Fabius Ambustus the third time and T. Quintius In some annales or yearely records I find Cos. M. Popilius in steed of T. Quintius In that yeare were two warres performed with prosperous successe And the Tyburtines were sought withall untill they yeelded From them was the cittie Sassula woon by force and other townes had tasted of the same fortune but that the whole nation laid armes aside and submitted themselves to the Consuls his mercie He triumphed over the Tyburtines otherwise the conquest was mild and gentle ynough without extremitie of execution But the Tarquiniens were cruelly dealt withall and many a man of them slaine in field Of the prisoners that were taken whereof there was a mightie number there were 358 of the Noblest and greatest Gentlemen chosen out and sent to Rome The rest of the common sort were put to the sword Neither sped they better at the peoples hands that were sent to Rome For in the mids of the Forum were they all beaten with rods and beheaded This execution made quittance with them for sacrificing the Romanes in the market place of the Tarquiniens This good successe in warre caused the Samnites also to seeke for peace and amitie Their Embassadours were courteously answered by the Senate and so upon covenants they were received into societie But the Commons sped not so well at home in the cittie as abroad in warfare For albeit the Vsurie was well eased by bringing it downe from twelve to one in the hundred yet the poorer people were overcharged with the paiment of the very principall and became bond thrall to their creditors Wherby the Com. in regard of their private streights that they were driven unto never troubled their heads with the making of both Consuls of the Nobles nor with the Assemblies and Elections nor other publicke affaires Still the two Consulships remained among the Patritij And created there were Consuls C. Sulpitius Peticus the fourth time and M. Valerius Publicola the second time Now when as the cittie was earnestly amused upon the Tuscane war by reason that the newes went how that the people of Caere for very pittie and compassion and in regard also of consanguinitie tooke part with the Tarquiniens behold the Embassadors of the Latines turned them cleane against the Volscians Which Embassadors brought word that there was an armie levied alreadie from thence and in armes even now upon the point to invade their borders and would from them enter the territorie of Rome and spoile as they goe The Senate therefore thought good to neglect neither businesse and gave direction that to both places certaine legions should be appointed and the Consuls to cast lots for their severall provinces and charges But afterwards the greater care was taken for the Tuscane war upon intelligence given by Sulpitius the Consull his letters whose commission was against Tarquinij that the countrie was wasted and spoiled all about the Romane Salinae or Saltpits and part of the booties caried away into the confines of the Câ—rites and that the youth of that people were doubtlesse emploied in the driving of that bootie Whereupon Valexius the Consull who was opposed against the Volscians and encamped in the marches of Tusculum was called backe from thence and commaunded by the Senate to nominate a Dictatour Who named T. Manlius the sonne of Lucius and he taking to him A. Cornelius Cossus for his Generall of the horsemen contenting himselfe with his Consular armie by the authoritie of the Senate and the peoples suffrages proclaimed warre against the Caerites and sent them defiance Then were the Cerites afraid of war indeed and not afore as though there had ben more force in their enemies bare words to denounce and signifie war than in their owne deeds who by spoiling and boothaling had provoked the Romans to war Then saw they plainely that they were overmatched and not able to make their parts good then repented they that they had made such wast and spoile cursing the Tarquiniens for solliciting them to revolt not one of them making any preparation of armour or war but every man laboring what he could that embassadors should be sent to crave pardon for their trespasse offence When their Embassadours were come to the Senat they were from thence put over to the people And then they besought the gods whose sacred Images they had received in the French war and devoutly kept and cherished That the Romanes now in their flourishing estate would take that pitie and compassion of them which they in times past had of the Romanes in their calamitie and hard distresse And turning to the chappels of Vesta they called upon the Flamines and Vestall virgines sometime their guests whome they so chastly and religiously had received and given intertainement unto saying in this wise Would any man beleeve we had deserved no better but thus of a suddaine without cause given to be reputed enemies Or suppose we had done somewhat smelling of hostilitie would any man impute it rather to deliberate counsell than to some fit of heat and sollie And that we would blemish and marre our owne good deserts especially conferred and bestowed upon so thankefull persons with new misdeeds and shrewd turnes and chuse to make the people of Rome their enemies now in their wealthie and slowring State and in their most happie felicitie of war whose friendship in their adversitie we had embraced Beseeching them not to terme that considerate advise which rather were to be called force and necessitie For the Tarquiniens say they passing with a cruell puisant armie through our countrie and requesting nothing but a way had drawne with them some of our rusticall pesants to assist them only in setching of that bootie which now so heavily is laid to our charge Whom if you please to have them yeelded we are readie to deliver them if to be punished they shall suffer accordingly most humbly craving that their citie Caere the verie sanctuarie of the people of Rome the harbour and hostell of their priests the place of receit for the Romane sacred images and reliques they
nothing else that must be fulfilled That is it which carieth them that haleth and harieth them to the assault of Capua At it their teeth water that most goodly and beautifull cittie will they either destroy or be LL. thereof themselves But may it please you Romanes to gaine it afore by your owne benefit and good desart rather than suffer them to seize upon it by wrong and mischiefe I speake not this before a people that useth to make it straunge and goodly to undertake any rightfull and just warres If ye but shew a copie of your countenance as if ye would aid and succour us I suppose yee shall have no need at all of further warre The Samnites overweening of themselves and contempt of others reacheth to us onely further it proceedeth not So that under the very shadow of your assistance ô Romanes we may be safely covered and protected And whatsoever we shall hereafter gaine therby whatsoever we shall be of our selves even as much as we are worth readie are we to acknowledge it all yours For your sake shall the Campaine ground be titled for your behoofe shall the cittie Capua be resorted unto and frequented and accounted shall ye be of us no lesse than founders parents yea and as the immortall gods There shall not be a borrough or Colonie of yours that shall go beyond us in obsequious dutifulnes towards you Doe but affoord unto us Campaines ô Noble Senators a token of your gracious countenance yeeld us your invincible name as a powrefull deitie and bid us hope assuredly that Capua shall remaine still and continue in safetie What a number thinke ye of all sorts and degrees of people followed and accompanied us when we came from thence How left we all places filled with their vowes their praiers and teares In what expectation now do the Senate and people of Capua our wives and children attend our returne Assured I am that the whole multitude stand about the gates looking toward the high port-way that leadeth from hence thither waiting to know what news expecting what answere my LL. your pleasure is that we should report backe from you unto them so carefull so heavie so perplexed One word presenteth unto them safetie victorie life and libertie the other I dread to boden what it may import Wherefore to conclude determine of us either as of them that shall and will be your consederates and faithfull Allies or else such as must be worse than nothing After that the Embassadours were withdrawne aside and the Senate fell to counsell although a good part of them were of opinion that the greatest and welthiest cittie of all Italie the most plenteous countrie and nere unto the sea might be as it were the garner and storehouse whatsoever variable chaunges of corne and victuals might happen yet they set more by keeping their faith and promise than of that great commodity that might accrew unto them and thus by direction of the Senate made the Consull answere The Senate judgeth you ô Campaines worthie of aid but meete it is that we intertaine your amitie so as a more ancient societie and friendship be not therby violate and broken The Samnites are in league and confederate with us We must needs therfore debarre you from making that war against the Samnits which should sooner dishonour the gods than hurt and wrong men Howbeit as equitie and reason doth require we will to our Allies and friends send our Embassadours to intreat them to offer no violence unto you To this answere the chiefe man of the Embassage according as he had in commission from home replied and said For as much as ye are not willing to defend our right and cause by just and lawfull power against violence and injurie your owne yet I am sure ye will maintaine Therfore my LL. of the Senat here we yeeld up into your hands and to the Seignorie of the people of Rome the whole nation of the Capuans the cittie Capua our lands and possessions the sacred temples of the gods and all things else both holy and profane And whatsoever from henceforth we shall suffer and abide we wil sustaine it as your liegemen and subjects wholly devoted as vassals unto you At which words they all held up their hands unto the Consuls shed teares plenteously and fell downe upon their knees in the verie entrie of the Counsell house The Senate moved with consideration of the changeable course and turne of humane fortune in this world to see so great mightie a people for puissance so pompous for superfluous abundance and magnificence at whose hands but a while before the nations bordering had craved and begged their aid to cary with them now so base and broken hearts as of their own accord to submit themselves and all they had in the whole world to the power and devotion of others were persuaded now it was a matter of trust and faithfulnesse not to abandon and see betraied those that thus were reduced under their protection Neither thought they that the people of Samnium could in any equitie or colour of Iustice invade that land or assault that cittie which was surrendred and annexed to the imperiall State of Rome Whereupon presently they agreed to dispatch Embassadors unto the Samnites who had in charge and commission to make declaration unto them First of the Campaines petitions secondly of the answere of the Senate returned unto them implying the remembrance of the Samnites amitie last of all of the Campaines surrender Then to request and desire them in regard of their mutuall societie and friendship to spare and forbeare those that were their vassales and not with any hostilitie to invade that territorie which was become subject to the people of Rome If by this courteous dealing they could doe no good then to command the Samnites in the name of the people and Senate of Rome to abstaine from the cittie Capua and the countrie of the Campaines When these Embassadours debated these matters in the counsell house of the Samnites they returned so stout and arrogant an answer againe not in these tearms onely That they would goe forward in the war begun but that which more was the rulers comming forth of their counsell house even whiles the Embassadors there stood called to the captaines of the cohorts and with a lowd voice commaunded them forthwith to make a rode into the Campaine countrie for to spoile and fetch booties This Embassage being returned home again to Rome the Senators setting aside the care of all other matters sent their heraulds to demand restitution and for default thereof after the solemne maner to proclaime open war Wherupon they decreed with al speed possible to propound this matter to the people and by the consent of the people both Coss. with two armies departed the cittie Valerius into Campania Cornelius into Samnium and pitched their tents Valerius at the foot of the hil Gaurus and the other at Satricula The
war a new In the meane while my mind and advise is that the Consuls levie enroll arme lead forth an armie but not to enter within the enemies marches before all things duely belonging to the deliverie of us into their hands be fully accomplished Now I pray and beseech yee ô immortall gods that seeing it was not your good will and pleasure that Sp. Posthumius and T. Veturius Consuls should with fortunate conduct fight against the Samnites yet yee would be satisfied herewith That ye beheld us put under the gallowes that ye saw us obliged in an infamous and shamefull bond of covenant that ye now view us naked and delivered bound into the enemies hands readie to receive upon our heads even with the losse of our lives all their anger malice despight and that it would please you that the new Consuls and Legions of the Romanes may in that sort war with the Samnits as evermore the wars before us Consuls have been conducted managed performed When he had spoken these words all men both so wondered at this man and pittied him too that one while they would not beleeve he was the same Sp. Posthumius who had moved and persuaded so soule and dishonest a treatie of peace otherwhiles they lamented that so brave and noble a personage should suffer any especiall torment above other at the enemies hands for anger and despite of reversing and breach of that accord When as now they all after singular praises of the man condescended to his opinion the Tribunes of the Com. L. Livius and Q. Melius attempted for a while to oppose themselves against this proceeding saying That neither the people could be acquit and assoiled in conscience by their deliverie unlesse every thing were againe restored to the Samnits in the same estate wherein they stood at Caudium nor they themselves in that they subscribed and became bound for the accord of peace to save the host of the people of Rome had deserved any punishment ne yet last of all ought they being sacred Magistrates and Inviolable to be yeelded to the enemies and exposed to any outrage and violence Then quoth Posthomius in the meane while deliver us up that are but lay and profane men whom with safe conscience and without offence ye may And as for these so sacro-sainct as they now be ye shall hereafter render them likewise so soone as they are out of their charge But if ye will be ruled by me let them before they be thus yeelded here in this common hall bee whipped and scourged for the usury and interest of their punishment which they would seeme to deferre and put off so long For whereas they alleage and say That by the deliverie and yeelding of us the peoples consciences cannot be cleered and assoiled who is so ignorant in the Feciales and Heraulds law that knoweth not that these men spake this for this end rather that they themselves might not be rendred than for that the truth requireth so Neither doe I denie my Lords that bare promises and stipulations are unviolable and to be kept as well as covenants obligations with those men amongwhom both religion to godward and faithfulnesse to men is in regarde and estimation but I denie again that without the peoples assent grant any thing can be established good and effectuall to bind the people thereunto What lif the Samnites in the same pride and insolencie wherein they obtruded and forced upon us this stipulation yea and wrung it from us would also have urged us to utter and speake the solemne forme of words which they use to doe that surrender up citties would ye my Masters that are Tribunes infer and say that by vertue thereof the people of Rome is surrendered into their hands and that this cittie with the temples chappels limits and waters by strength thereof are the Samnites possession Well I let passe to speake of dedition because the matter in question is touching onely a stipulation What I pray you if we had promised and undertooke that the people of Rome should forsake and abandon this cittie or set fire on it or not have Magistrates Senat or lawes any longer or to be governed againe by Kings God forbid and forfend that say you Well it is not the indignitie of things that easeth the bond of Stipulation If there be any one case wherein the people may bee obliged then in truth may they be in all as well neither skilleth it any whit whereat happely some will make a stay and thinke it is materiall whether Consull Dictator or Pretour enter into bond and become suretie And even this it was that the Samnites themselves judged so to be and stood upon thinking it not sufficient that the Consuls became bound but they put the Lieutenants the Treasurers and the Colonels there to the same And now let no man demaund of me why I entred so into stipulation being a thing not incident to the Consull his charge and right neither was I to undertake unto them peace which was not in my power to effect nor in your name to promise it from whom I had no commission and warrant Certes my Lords and Senators there was nothing at Caudium done at all by mans pollicie and councel The immortall gods berest both your Generals and the enemies too of all their sense and understanding for neither we in the conduct and ordering of our service stood warily enough upon our good guard and they againe as they gat the victorie full badly so they lost it as lewdly whiles they hardly trusted the strength of those places by meanes of which they had gained the vantage and better hand of us and while they made such hast upon what agreement they cared not to disarme men that are born martial naturally made for wars For if they had been in their right wits what an hard matter was it for them in the time that they sent for olde aged men from their home to come to Councell for to have dispatched their Embassadors to Rome and so to have dealt and treated with the Senat and people about a perfect peace and finall league in deed It had been but three daies journey for men not encombred but lightly appointed All that meane while there might have been truce until the Embassadours from Rome had brought them either certaine victorie or assured peace For that had been a covenant and stipulation good in law the which we should have agreed unto by warrant of the peoples wil and approbation But ye would never have granted allowed it no more should we have entred into any such stipulation Neither was it Gods will and providence that there should be any other issue and end of things than this that both they should vainly be deluded and feed themselves as it were with the fancie of a more joyfull dreame than their mindes could well conceive and apprehend and also that the same fortune which had entangled snared
bring word and make relation and therefore their embassadors were to attend upon the Consull when he departed out of Samnium The same yeare after that the Romane armie had passed peaceably too fro and visited all Samnium having victuals by the countrie courteously allowed the ancient league was granted again to the Samnites From thence turned the Romanes their forces against the Aequians their old enemies but for many yeares making semblance of quietnes whereas indeede their peace was little to be trusted for that the Hernick nation was safe and on foote they with them had used oftentimes under hand to send aid unto the Samnites and also after the subduing of the Hernicks the whole nation in a manner without dissembling and averring all they did by publick counsell and authoritie had fallen away unto the enemie and after that the Romanes had made league with the Samnites and their heralds came to make claime for their goods tooke from them by way of hostilitie they said It was but a tempting of them to see whether upon feare of warre they would suffer themselves to become Romanes Which say they how greatly it were to be wished the Hernicks were able to teach them for they as many of them as had libertie to do what they would chose rather to live under their owne lawes than to be enfranchised citizens of Rome but others who had not the same scope to choose to their liking theywere constrained to accept of the Burgeoisie of their citie by way of a punishment Vpon these speeches and arguments commonly tossed in their assemblies Counsels the people of Rome decreed warre against the Aequians to which both the Consuls went and encamped foure miles from their enemies campe The Aequians who in their owne behalfe and for any quarell of theirs had many yeares sat still and made no warre like as if their armie had bene leavied of a sodaine and in haste without certaine Captaines appointed and without any Generall to commaund were afrayed Some thought good to go forth into the field others to defend themselves and keepe within their campe most of them were moved to thinke aforehand upon the wasting of their countrie afterwards and consequently the destruction of their cities left but with slender garrisons Therefore after that amongst many opinions this only had audience namely to abandon the care of publick weale and every man to regard his owne private state and at the first watch to depart divers waies one from the other and quit the camp and convey away all their bag and baggage and to defend their cities within the walls they all with one accord accepted thereof and embraced it Now when the enemies were thus scattered abroad about the countrie the Romanes by daylight with banner displaied went forth into the field and when they saw no man come abroad to meet them they marched in warlike order apace towards the enemies campe But when as they could perceive there neither warders before the gates nor any man upon the trench and ramplers nor so much as the usuall noyse of a leaguer being moved with this unaccustomed silence for feare of forelaying and treacherie they stood still but being gotten over the rampire and finding the tents voyde and emptie they set forward to pursue the enemie by his trace But when they found their foote tracks leading to all parts of the countrie alike as being slipt here and there sundrie and divers wayes at the first they wandred out of the way and misled of them but afterwards knowing by their espials the purpose and intent of their enemies they went round about and besieged every citie and in threescore dayes wan fortie townes all by assault most part whereof were rased even with the ground and consumed into ashes and the nation of the Aequians utterly in a manner destroyed Over the Aequians there was triumph Whose calamitie and desolation was so fearefull an example to the Marrucines Marsi Peligni and Ferentines that they sent Oratours to Rome to treate for peace and amitie and to all those nations at their request a league was graunted The same yeare C. Flavius a Notarie or Register by profession whose father â—nius was no better than of a slave made free a man thus descended of base and lowe parentage howbeit otherwise craftie and eloquent withall arose to be an Aedile Curule I finde in some records that when he gave attendance in his calling to the Aediles and saw that his owne Tribe were willing to give him their voyces and elect him Aedile but his name not accepted of among other competitours for that he got his living by his pen he cast aside his bookes and papers and sware an oth that he would no longer be a Notarie and use pencraft But Macer Licinius avoucheth that a good while before that he gave over his writing namely after he had beene Tribune and borne two Triumvirships the one for the night misrules the other for the placing and transporting of a Colonie But they all agree upon this that he became verie stout and in great contumacie opposed himselfe and made head against the Nobles that contemned his base birth The civile law which before time was laid up in great secret by the Priests and Prelats in their Arches he published abroade and set up a table in the great common place in manner of a Calender wherein all men might knowe worke-dayes from holy-dayes when it was lawfull to pleade and when not Also in despite and to the great heart-burning of the Patritij he dedicated the temple of the goddesse Concord upon the court of Vulcane and by the generâ—ll consent of the people Cornelius Barbatus the high priest was compelled to endite and pronounce the certain forme of words therto belonging notwithstanding he contested and denied that by the customes of their forefathers any could dedicate a Temple unlesse he were either Consull or Generall of an armie And therefore by the authoritie of the Senate a law was preferred to the people That no man might dedicate a Temple or Alter without permission and consent of the Consull or the more part of the Tribunes of Commons I will report in this place a thing of it selfe not worthie of remembrance but onely for a proofe and example of the libertie of the Commons against the pride and insolencie of the Nobles This Flavius comming upon a time to visit his Colleague lying sicke by a complot afore hand of certaine yoong gentlemen of the Patritians that sat by his beds side had noreverence done unto him nor any one so much as rose up at his entrance into the chamber whereupon he commaunded his yvorie chaire of State to be brought unto him set himself upon it and so he outfaced his adversaries that were so vexed to the heart with envie of his dignitie This Flavius was nominated and chosen Aedile by the base faction of the commoners banding together in the place of assemblies who first tooke heart by
and twentieth Censors from the beginning and this was reckoned the nineteenth Lustrum after the first institution In this yeare and never before the spectators of the Romane Games and Plates in regard of their happie successe in warres stood adorned with wreaths and garlands of floures upon their heads and then came up the fashion at Rome borrowed from the manner and custome of Greece to honour those with braunches of the date tree who wan the prises and were victors in those solemne Games The same yeare the Aediles curule who exhibited the said pastimes and exercises of activitie paved the causey or high way with flint or peble stone from the temple of Mars unto Bovillae and the fines of certaine Publicanes or farmers of the cittie that were grasiers and condemned paied the charges Then Papyrius held the great Assemblie for Election of new Consuls and created Q. Fabius Garges the sonne of Maximus and D. Iunius Brutus Sceva Consuls Papyrius himselfe was chosen Pretor This yeare so joious and fortunate in many respects could hardly countervaile recompence with al other comforts one only calamitie namely a pestilence and mortalitie which consumed devoured both town and countrie In so much as for the strangenes extremitie therof it was held for a prodigious portentious sign beyond all course of nature and reach of reason Whereupon the bookes of Sibylla were perused to know out of them what issue and remedie the gods would vouchsafe to shew of this maladie and miserie Wherein they found that the Image of Aesculapius must be sent for from as far as Epidaurus to Rome But for that yeare by reason that the Consuls were busied in the warres nothing was done but onely one day bestowed wholly in supplications and devout Letanies to the honour of the said god Aesculapius THE TEN BOOKES NEXT FOLLOWING OF T. LIVIVS VSVALLY CALLED THE SECOND DECADE ARE lost the arguments whereof remaine yet extant in the Abridgements or Breviaries of L. Florus which in steed of the Historie it selfe are set downe in this place The Breviarie of L. Florus to the eleventh Booke WHen Fabius Gurges the Consull had fought an infortunate battaile against the Samnites and the Senate were about to discharge and remoove him from his armie Fabius Maximus his father besought them for his sake not to offer him that disgrace and dishonour For rather than that should come to passe he promised to serve in person under his sonne in qualitie of his Lieutenant Which moved the Senat and prevailed more than anything els And hee was his words maister For hee went to the field and by his meanes and good advise the Consull his sonne was so well assisted that he defeited the Samnites triumphed over them led captive before his triumphant chariot C. Pontius Lord Generall of the Samnites and afterwards strucke off his head Whiles the cittie of Rome was pitteously visited and afflicted with the plague there were certain Embassadours addressed and sent to Epidaurus for so translate the image of Aesculapius from thence to Rome And in steed thereof they brought away a great snake or serpent which of it selfe embarked in their ship and wherein they were verily persuaded that the puissance and divine power of the said god was resident And when they had conducted it with them by sea as farre as to Rome it went forth of the owne accord and swam to the Island within Tyberis where it setled and in that very place where it tooke land they erected a temple to Aesculapius L. Posthumius a consular man i. who had been Consull having the charge of an armie was condemned and had a round fine set upon his head for that he emploied his souldiours about some worke in one of his sermes The league was now the fourth time renued with the Samnites at their earnest suit and request Curius Dentatus the Consull after he bid defeited and slaine the Samnites vanquished the Sabines who were revolted and rebelled and received them under his obeisance triumphed twise during the time of one Consulship Three Colonies were erected and peopled to wit Castrum Sena and Adria The three Triumvirs to sit upon capitall crimes were then first created Asessing was holden and a solemne Lustrum wherein by iust account were numbred 273000 cittizens of Romanes The Commons because they were deepely engaged in debt in regard of greevous and long seditions and dissentions retired in the end to Ianiculum from whence they were reclaimed and brought againe into the citie by the meanes of Q. Hortensius the Dictatour who died in the very time of his Magistracie This booke containeth moreover the exploits against the Volsinians and also the Lucanes against whom it was thought good and ordained to send aid and succours to the Tyrrhenians THe Breviarie of L. Florus to the twelfth Booke THe Romane Embassadours being murdred by the Senonois Gaule and warre thereupon denounced and proclaimed against them Lucius Caecilius the Pretour fortuned with his whole armie to bee defeited by them and put to the sword When the Romane fleet was spoiled and ransacked by the Tarentines and their Admirall besides slaine the Senate dispatched their Embassadours unto them to make complaint of these wrongs and outrages but they were evill intreated and sent away with great abuse Wherupon defiance was likewise given unto them and warre proclamed The Samnites revolted Against whom together with the Lucanes Brutians and Tuscanes sundrie battailes were fortunatly fought by divers Romane captaines Pyrrhus the King of the Epirotes or the Albanois passed over into Italy for to aid the Tarentines When a Legion of the Campans was sent under the conduct of Decius Iubellius to Rhegium there to lie in garison they treacherously flew the naturall inhabitants and seized the cittie of Rhegium to their owne behoofe The Breviarie of L. Florus for the thirteenth Booke VAlerius Levinus the Consul lost a field against Pyrrhus by occasion principally that his soldiors were terrified and amazed at the uncouth sight of the Elephants After that battaile when Pyrrhus viewed and beheld the dead bodies of the Romanes lying slaine on the ground he observed marked that all their faces were turned toward the enemie affront From thence he went forward spoiling and wasting all the way to Rome C. Fabricius was sent unto him for to treat about the redemption and ransome of the prisoners and was sollicited by the King but in vaine to abandon the service of his owne countrie The foresaid prisoners were enlarged and sent home without paying any ransome at all Cyneas was sent as Embassadour from the King unto the Senate who required that the K. his master for to end and compound all quarrels might be received into the cittie and amitie of the people of Rome but when it was thought meet to debate and consult of this important matter in a more frequent assemblie of the Senatours Appius Claudius who many a day had not intermedled with the affaires of State and Counsell
found the misse or absence of the Generall This Maharball had made some fortunat skirmishes and with three rammes shaken a good part of the wall so as hee shewed to Anniball at his returne all lying along and every place full of fresh ruines Whereupon the armie was presently brought against the verie castle of the cittie where began a cruell and bloudie conflict with the slaughter of many on both sides and one part of the said fortresse was forced and woon Afterwards there was some treatie of peace and agreement by meanes of two persons Alcon a Saguntine and Alorcus a Spaniard and some small hope there was of it Alcon supposing hee could somewhat prevaile by way of request and entreating without knowledge of the Saguntines departed away by night to Anniball But after that hee saw that with all his weeping he could doe no good but that heavie and intollerable articles and capitulations of peace were exhibited as from a wrathfull conquerour of an Orator proved to be a very traitour and remained still in the campe with the enemies saying that he was sure to die whosoever should moove the Saguntines to peace under those conditions For demaunded it was of the Saguntines Imprimis to make restitution to the Turdetanes of all harmes and losses Item to deliver up all their gold and silver Item to quit the towne and depart but with one sute of apparrell a peece and there to dwell where the Carthaginians would appoint When Alcon avouched plainely that the Saguntines would never accept of peace with these conditions Alorcus replied againe and said That seeing all things els now failed them their hearts also must needs come downe and faile likewise and therewith promised to deliver unto them the tenour of the said peace and to bee a mediatour and dealer in the compassing thereof At that time he served Anniball as a private souldiour howbeit a publicke friend he was and an host and guest of old to the Saguntines Who having in fight of all men yeelded up his offensive armes to the warders of the enemies and passed the rampiers was brought for so himselfe desired before the Governour and Provost of Saguntum Thether came running presently a number of all sorts of people but after the rest of the multitude were commanded to void Alorcus was called into their Counsell house and having audience given made this or the like speech unto them If Alcon your countriman and fellow cittizen as he came from you to Anniball for to treat about peace had likewise brought backe againe unto you from Anniball the conditions and articles of peace I needed not to have taken this jorney who am come unto you neither as an Orator from Annibal ne yet as a fugitive But seeing he hath remained with the enemie either through your default or his own I know not whither the pretended fained causelesse feare himselfe is to blame but if they stand in daunger that report a truth vnto you then are ye in great fault I therfore to the end ye should not be ignorant but that there are conditions offred to you of life of safetie of peace in regard of old amitie and acquaintance in regard I say of mutuall intertainement long time between us am now come unto you And that ye may beleeve that whatsoever you shal hear delivered from me I speak it for your good and for the favour of no man else this one thing if no more may assure you that neither so long as ye were able to make resistance by your own strength nor all the while that yee hoped for aide from the Romanes I never made word or mention of peace unto you But seeing now that yee have not any hope at all from the Romanes and that your owne forces and citie wals are able no longer to defend you I present unto you a peace more necessarie I confesse than equall and reasonable Wherof you may have some hope in these terms namely if as Anniball offereth and presenteth it like a conquerour so you will heare of it accept therof as conquered if I say yee will not make reckning of that which you forgoe as a losse and damage seeing by extremitie all is the victors but that which is left as gaine and advantage yea and frely given unto you Your towne whereof a great part is ruinated by him and which he hath taken in manner all that he mindeth to put you by your lands and possessions he leaveth unto you purposing to set you out a plot of ground whereupon you may build yourselves a new cittie Your gold and silver all as well common treasure as private monies and plate he commaundeth to be brought unto him the bodies of your wives and children he is content to spare and save undefiled upon this condition that you wil depart without armour and with a double suit of apparrell a peece and no more These are the impositions that your enemie a conquerour demaundeth Which albeit they be hard and grievous yet your fortune and state is such as you must allow thereof and be content For mine owne part I am not out of hope but when you have put all into his hands he will deale better by you remit somwhat of these conditions But I thinke yee were better to abide all this rather than your bodies to be murdred your wives and children to be ravished haled and forced before your faces as the law and manner of warre requireth To the hearing of this Oration the people had flocked about and by little and little entermingled their own assemblie with the Senators and all of a suddain the chiefe of them withdrew themselves and departed before answere was given and brought all their silver and gold as well publicke as private into the market place and when they had cast it into a great fire made hastilie for that purpose most of them threw themselves into it headlong after Whereupon there being a feare and trouble alreadie throughout the whole cittie behold another outcrie besides and noise was heard from the castle For a certaine tower that had beene a long time battered and shaken fell down and at the breach therof a band of Carthaginians made entrie and gave signe to their General that the citie was abandoned of the ordinarie watchmen and corps de gard of the enemies and altogether lay open and naked Annibal supposing it was no wisedom to neglect and stacke so good an opportunitie with all his forces at once assailed the cittie and wan it in the turning of an hand and presently gave order that all above fourteene years of age should be put to the sword A cruell commaundement no doubt but yet needfull as afterwards is was well seene in the end and upshot of all For who would have spared and taken pitie of those that either shut themselves with their wives and children into their houses and burnt them over their owne heads or in their armour gave not
chaunce of the whole State and Empire For hereupon there revolted unto the Carthaginians the Attellanes the Calatines the Hirpines a part of the Apulians all the Samnites except the Petellines all the Brutij in generall and the Lucanes And more than these the Surrentines and the whole tract wellneere of the Greekes along the sea coast The Tarentines Metapontines the Crotonians the Locrians and all the Gaules within the Alpes And yet for all these defeatures and rebellions of their Allies and subjects were not the Romanes one whit enclined to make anie mention of peace neither before the comming of the Consull nor yet after that hee was returned and renued againe the dolourous remembrance of that wofull overthrow received And even at that very instant so high-minded was the cittie and so farre from drouping and being cast downe that as the Consull returned homeward from so great a defeature whereof himselfe onely was a principall cause hee was not onely met upon the way by all the States and companies of the cittie in great numbers but also highly thanked in that hee despaired not of the State of the Commonweale who if hee had been the Generall and Leader of the Carthaginians should have beene sure to have smoaked for it and endured all extremitie of torment and punishment THE XXIII BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the three and twentith Booke THE Campanes revolted unto Anniball Mago was sent to Carthage with newes of the victorie at Cannae and in the entrie of the Counsell house he poured out on the floore the golden rings which had been plucked from the fingers of the Romanes there slaine which by report exceeded the measure of a Modius Vpon these tidings Hanâ—â— the noblest personage among all the Carthaginians persuaded with the Senat of Carthage to sue unto the people of Rome for peace but he prevailed not by reason of the Barchine side and faction that gaiâ—esaid him Cl. Marcellus the Praetour fought fortunately before Nola in a sallie which hee made out of the towne against Anniball The Armie of Anniball fell to riot at Capua and gave themselves to such sensualitie while they wintered there that both in bodily strength and also in courage of â—â—nd they became much enfeebled Casilinum was besieged by the Carthaginians and the inhabitants within were driâ—â—â— by extreame famine to â—at thongs and leatberings plucked from off their shields and targuets yea and to feede upon 〈◊〉 and rats They lived with nuts which the Romanes sent unto them downe the river Vulturnus The bodie of the Senate was replenished by receiving unto them a new supplie from out of the order of knights or gentlemen to the number of 197. L. Posthumius the Pretour was together with his armie defeated by the Gaules and put to the sword Cneui and Publius Scipiones vanquished Asdruball in Spaine and had the conquest thereof The remnant of the Armie defeated at Cannae was sent away and confined into Sicilie and commaunded not to depart from thence before the warre was fully finished A league and societie was concluded betweene Philip the king of the Macedoniaus and Anniball Sempronius Gracchus the Consull discomfited aâ—d slue the Campanes Moreover this booke containeth the fortunate exploits atchieved by T. Manlius the lord Deputie in Sardima against the Carthaginians and the Sardi who tooke the Generall himselfe Asdruball together with Mago and Hanno prisoners Claudius Marcellus the Praetour vanquished and defeated in a set battaile before Nola the Armie of Anniball and was the first that put the Romanes 〈◊〉 some good hope of better successe after they had beene toiled out with so many foiles and losses ANniball after the battâ—ile fought at Cannae the winning and ransacking of both the Romane campes dislodged anone and was removed out of Apulia into Samnium being sent unto for to come unto the Hirpines countrey by Statius who promised to betray and deliver the cittie of Consa into his hands Now there was a citizen of Consa named Tribius a noble personage and of great name in his countrie But the bend and faction of the Cossanes a familie of great power by favour of the Romanes kept him downe and overweighed him but after the same of the battaile of Cannae and the comming of Anniball divulged and blowne abroad by the speeches of Trebius those Cossanes abandoned the cittie and so was it without any conflict rendered unto the Carthaginians and received a garrison Anniball leaving behind him there all the pillage and baggage that he had devided his armie into two parts giving Mago in charge to possesse himselfe of the townes of that countrey which would revolt of themselves from the Romanes or else to force them thereunto in case they denied and refused so to doe Himselfe tooke his journey through the land of Campaine toward the nether sea intending to assault Naples that he might bee lord of a port towne also and have it at his devotion When hee was entred the confines of the Neapolitanes hee placed some of the Numidians in ambush as cunningly as he could and there for the most part the waies are hollow and full of close and secret noukes and holes others he commaunded to make a shew of driving a bootie out of the fields and to ride out braving before the gates of the cittie Against whom seeming to bee not many and those disordered a troupe of horsemen issued forth but the enemies of purpose giving back and retiring from them tilled and trained them on to the place of ambush and so they were environned on every side and there had not one of them escaped alive but that the sea was neere where they espied many fisher boates along the shoare on the bancke side and as many of them as were skilfull in swimming gat unto them and saved themselves but in that skirmish neverthelesse certaine young gentlemen were slaine Among whome Hegeas also the Captaine of that Cornet of horsemen died in the place who followed too hotely upon them that reculed and seemed to flie But Anniball after he had viewed the wals and saw they were not easie to be woon was discouraged and skared from giving assault to that cittie From thence he turned his journey and took his way to Capua a citie flowing in wealth and superfluitie of all pleasures by reason of long felicitie and the favourable aspect of gracious fortune But among all corruptions that there raigned it was infected most with the licentious loosenesse of the Commons who exceeded beyond all measure and abused their libertie Pacuvius Calavius a man of noble race there and popular with all but one that by lewd indirect courses became rich mightie by meanes thereof had both Senat and Com. under his girdle might do what he would This man chaunced to be head Magistrat the same year that the Romans were defaited overthrown at the Lake Thrasymenus
offring their bare and naked bodies as a butt and marke to the shot of arrowes and other darts Gracchus greeved much to heare these piteous tidings yet durst he not for his life skirmish and fight without the warrant of the Dictatour and he saw full well that if he would convey come and victuals unto them openly fight he must there was no remedie Having therefore no hope at all to send any but it should be spied he devised to fill many tunnes and pipes with come that he had gotten together out of the countrie all about and withall to dispatch a messenger to the chiefe magistrate of Casilinum advising him that he should in the night season take up all those vessels which came downe the river The night next following every man watched at the river side according to the hope they conceived by the foresaid Romane messenger and so received those tunnes hulling downe the midst of the streame and the corne was equally devided among them all Thus did they the morrow after and the third day also For ever by night these vessels were let downe into the water and the same night they might easily come unto them by reason whereof the sentinels and guards of the enemies were nothing ware of that which was done But afterwards the current growing more swift and rough by occasion of continuall raynes that fell the sayd tunnes were some of them driven crosse the channell to the banke side even where the enemies warded and were espied waving and sticking among the willowes and oisiers that grew along close unto the banks whereof Anniball was advertised And so from thence forward they tended the watch more streightly that nothing sent downe the river Vulturnus could escape them and passe to the cittie Afterwards there was powred into the water great store of nuts from the campe of the Romanes which floated downe the channell unto Casilinum and with grated skimmers of wicker were taken up But at the last they within the towne were driven to this poore shift and extremitie for to take their thongs and bridle raines to plucke off the lether from their shields bucklers and make them sort in skalding water and prove how they could eat them Nay they spared not so much as mice and rats nor any other like vermin Nor there was not a weed nor a root that they could come by upon the banks and terrasses under the walles but they gathered diged up And when the enemies had turned up with a plough all the green sord of the counter-skarpe without the wals they within cast turnep seed upon the mould Whereupon Anniball made a hout at it and cried alowd What shall wee sit heere about Casilinum so long untill these rapes be come up and grown And whereas before that time he would never vouchsafe to heare of any composition and agreement now at last he was contented to take reason and be conferred withall about the raunsome of as many as were freemen within the towne And it was covenanted betweene him and them that they should pay for their redemption seven ownces of gold a peece So upon faithfull promise made securitie given they yeelded themselves andwere kept bound in prison untill they had made full payment of the gold aforesaid After which they were sent backe under safe conduct to Cumes For this is more like to be true than the report which goeth That there were sent out after them certeine horsemen who fell upon them slew them in the way Most of them were Prenestines And whereas there were of them in all five hundred and seventie in garrison the one halfe well neere were either by sword or hunger consumed All the rest togither which their Praetour Manitius one who a foretime had bene a Scribe or Notarie returned safe unto Preneste In memoriall testimonie of this his Statue was erected in the market place of Preneste armed in his cuirasse clad in a long robe with his head covered and three other images with a title or inscription engraven in a place of Brasse with this tenor That Manitius had made a vow for the soldiers who lay in garison with him at Casilinum And the same title also was graven under three other images set up in the temple of Fortuna The towne of Casilinum was restored againe to the Campanes with a strong garison of 700 souldiours deducted out of the armie of Anniball for feare least when hee was departed once from thence the Romanes should assaile them The Senate of Rome by vertue of a decree granted unto those souldiours of Preneste double wages with five yeeres vacation and rest from warfare And when to gratifie them farther for their valiant service they made offer unto them of the Burgeosie and freedome of Rome they chose rather to remaine still at home and would not change their owne countrie But what befell unto the Perusines is not recorded so plainely for neither appeareth evidence by any publike monument and memoriall of their owne nor yet decree extant of the Romans At the same time the Petellines who alone of all the Brutij remained in friendship and amitie with the Romanes were assaulted not onely by the Carthaginians that were possessed of a great part of the countrie about them but also by the other Brutij with whom they would not joine in the complot of their rebellion The Petellines not able of themselves to hold out and endure these daungers sent their Embassadours to Rome for to crave their aide and assistance whose humble praiers and pitteous teares for after an answere received That they should provide and shift for themselves they fell into lamentable mones and complaints lay prostrate upon the earth before the porch of the Counsell-house wrought exceeding compassion and pitie in the hearts both of the Senatours and also of the people whereupon the LL. were moved again the second time by M. Acmylius the Pretour to deliver their opinion And when they had cast all about and well waied and considered their present state and what they were able to do being forced to confesse that it lay not in their power to help their Allies so far distant remote from them they willed them to repaire home againe and since they had performed their fidelitie to the full according to covenant they gave them leave in this calamitie of theirs to take that course that they thought best for themselves When they were returned with this answere unto the Petellines their Senate all on a suddaine was strucken into such sorrowes dumpes and fearfull maze that some of them were of mind and gave advise to abandone the cittie and flie everie man wheresoever he could others were of opinion and persuaded that seeing they were forsaken of their old friends they should joyne with the other Brutij and by their meanes turne to Anniball and come under his protection Howbeit a third side prevailed who would in no wise that any thing should be done
come in person leaving a meane garison behind him at Nola or els if he might not be spared from thence for feare of danger from Anniball he would send for T. Graccbus the Proconsull from Beneventum Vpon this message Marcellus having left in Nola a gard of two thousand souldiers with the rest of his forces presented himselfe before Casilinum upon whose comming the Campanes who were readie to set forward stayed themselves and were quiet So both Consuls togither jointly began to assault Casilinum where the Romane souldiers that rashly came under the walls received much hurt and Fabius seeing little good done judged it best to surcease and give over the enterprise being a service of small consequence and nath'lesse very dangerous and to depart from thence seeing there was businesse toward of greater importance But Marcellus contrarywise was of opinion and said that as there were many things which great warriours were not to attempt so if they were once taken in hand and the adventure given they were not lightly to be given over and laid aside for as much as in it lay matter of great consequence for same and reputation both wayesâ— and so he prevailed that the enterprise was not neglected and abandoned Whereupon there were mantilets and all other kinds of fabricks and engines of batterie and assault bent against the citie â— so as the Campanes besought Fabius that they might depart to Capua in safetie And when some few were gone forth Marcellus possessed himselfe of that gate whereout they went and then they fell to kill and slay one with another first about the gate and after they had rushed once in they put to like execution those also within the citie Fiâ—tie there were or thereabout of the Campanes that first gate out of the towne and fled for mercie to Fabius and they by his gard and safe conduct arived at Capua But see Casilinum through the lingering slacknesse of the inhabitants that craved protection was by advantage taken of their long parley and temporising woon by the enemies The captives so many as were either Campanes or Anniball his souldiours were sent to Rome and there clapt up fast in prisons But the multitude of the townesmen were distributed into sundrie cities adjoyning and there kept in ward At the very same time that the Consuls after their conquest retired from Casilinum Graccbus being in the countrie of the Lucanes and having gathered and enrolled certaine cohorts and companies of souldiours out of those parts sent them out a forraying under the conduct of a captaine of Allies into the territories of the enemies Hanno encountred them as they stragled in scattering wise out of order and set upon them and paid his enemies againe with the like diffeature and losse or not much lesse than that which he had received at Beneventum and in great hast withdrew himselfe into the country of the Brutij for feare least Gracchus should overtake him The Consull Marcellus returned back to Nola from whence he came and Fabius went forward into Samnium to spoile and wast the countrie and to recover by force of armes the cities which had revolted The Samnites about Caudium were piteously and grievously damnified their villages in all places set on fire their fields laid wast and destroyed and great booties both of cattaile people driven away Sixe townes forced by assault namely Compulteria Telesia Cossa Melae Fuisulae and Orbitanium In the Lucanes countrâ—e the towne of Blandae and in Apulia the citie Ancae was assaulted In these townes and cities there were taken prisoners and slaine 25000 of the enemies of fugitives and rennegate traitours there were recovered 370 whome the Consull sent home againe to Rome and being thither come they were all beaten and skourged with rods in the Comitium and then pitched downe headlong to the earth from the rock Tarpeia These exploits were atchieved by Q. Fabius within the compasse of a few dayes But Marcellus by occasion that he lay sick at Nola was hindered from performing any feates of armes The Pretour likewise Q. Fabius who had the charge and jurisdiction of the province about Luceria woon by force about the same time the towne Accua and fortified a standing camp planted before Ardoneae Whiles the Romanes were thus employed about these affaires in divers other places Anniball was come unto Tarentum to the exceeding great damage and detriment of all places where he journeyed but being arived once in the territorie of Tarentum he began to march and lead his armie more peaceably There he did no harme at all made no havock nor once went out of the high way And it was evidently seen that all this was done not upon any modestie that appeared either in souldiour or captaine but only to win unto him the hearts of the Tarentines But when he approched the walls of the citie and saw no commotion nor insurrection from thence upon the discovery of his Vantgard as he thought he should he pitched his camp almost a mile from the towne Now had M. Valerius the Viz-Pretour who was Admirall of the Fleete at Brundusium sent T. Valerius his Lieutenant unto Tarentum three dayes before that Anniball shewed himselfe before the walls He had mustred and enrolled the floure of the Nobilitie and so bestowed at every gate and about the walls where neede required good gards for defence with such vigilant diligence both day and night that he gave no opportunitie and advantage either to the enemies to adventure any assault or to the doubtfull and untrustie friends to practise any treason So Anniball having spent there certaine dayes in vaine and seeing none of them who repaired unto him at the lake Avernus either to come themselves or to send messenger or letters and perceiving now that he had rashly and foolishly followed vaine promises and so was deluded dislodged and removed from thence And even then also he spared the territorie of Tarentum and did no hurt at all and albeit his feined and counterfet lenitie and mildnesse hitherto tooke no effect yet he hoped still thereby to corrupt their faithfull alleageance to the Romanes and so he went to Salapia And by reason that now midsomer was past and he liked well of that place for a winter harbour he conveyed thether all the come from out off the territorie of Metapontum and Heraclea Then he sent out the Numidians and Moores to fetch booties and prises from out of the Salentine countrey and all the woods and chases next unto Apulia from whence they drave of other cattaile small store but of horses especially they brought away great numbers of which there were foure thousand divided amongst the horsemen to be handled broken and made gentle The Romanes seeing there was like to be war in Sicilie the same not lightly to be regarded and that the death of the tyrant there rather gave the Saracosians good captains than wrought any change in their minds or alteration in the
not to suffer her an innocent and guildesse person to fare the worse and be punished upon harred that was borne unto her nephew Hieronymus As for me quoth she I reaped no good by his reigne and kingdome unlesse it were the banishment and absence of my husband and as by the life of Hieronymus my fortune was not so good as my sisters so after hee was murdred and dead my cause is not so bad nor like unto hers Moreover over and besides in case Andronodorus had effected his designements my sister should have ben a Queene and reigned together with her husband but as for me I must have bene a subject and servant with the rest Againe if there were any messenger sent unto Sosippus to report the death of Hieronymus and the restitution of Saracose to libertie who can make doubt but that forthwith he would be embarked and take the seas and returne againe into his countrey But how much are men put besides their hope and deceived of their expectation And who would ever have thought to have seene in a freed state his wife and children in danger to lose their lives For wherein do we hinder the common libertie or the course of lawes What danger can come to any person from us one desolate lone woman and in manner a widow and two yong maidens living as orphans fatherlesse And if it be said againe that there was in deed no feare of hurt to be imagined from us but only the kings bloud and kinred was odious in the eyes of the people Then quoth she let us be sent away farre from Saracose and Sicilie and confined over to Alexandria the wife to her husband the daughters to their owne father But when they would neither give eare to her words nor incline their hearts to pitie and compassion then because she would not spend longer time in vaine for now she saw some of them drawing their swords forth she gave over all intreating for her selfe and be sought them instantly to be good yet to the yong fully girles spare their lives unto whom being of that age even the very enemies in their heate of anger forbare to offer violence and that seeing they were to be revenged of tyrants they would not play the tyrants themselves and commit that wickednesse which they seemed to hate in others Amid these words the murderers sent from the Pretors pulled her forth of the inward and most secret place of the chappell and cut her throte and when they had so done they assayled and sell upon the maidens besprent with the bloud of their mother who for sorrow of heart and feare together being past themselves and out of their wits and as it were in a furious fit of frenzie ranne against them and gate out of the chappell minding if they could have escaped foorth and recovered the streete to set the whole citie on an uprore And so they shifted for themselves poore wenches by running too and fro within the house which was not large and spatious that for a good while they escaped amongst the thickest of so many armed men and oftentimes avoided their reaches and caught no hurt yea and when they had caught hold of them notwithstanding they were to strugle with so many hands and those so strong yet they wound away from them all untill at length after they had received many a wound filled every place with bloud they fainted sunke down yeelded up their innocent spirits This murder no doubt was of it selfe piteous but much more lamentable by occasion of a present accident For streight after came a messenger with expresse commandement to spare the women and not to kill them for that upon a sodaine the hearts of the people relented and enclined to mercie But when they heard that there was so quick dispatch made of execution that neither they had time to bethinke themselves and repent nor space to coole upon their heat they fell from pitie and compassion into an extreme fit of anger and choler The multitude thereupon began to mutter and murmure and called to have an election of Pretours in the roume of Andronodorus and Themistius for they were both of them Pretours which new election was not like to fall out in the end to the good liking and contentment of the other Pretours in place So a day was set downe and proclaimed for this election At which time it hapned that beyond all mens expectation one from the farthest part of the assembly nominated Epicides and then another from thence named Hippocrates After which the same voyces came thick and threefold still so as it seemed the multitude would wholie goe that way The people there assembled were a confused sort intermingled as well of a number of souldiers as of a companie of citizens and commoners yea and many of them were strangers fugitives shuffled among such as rather than their life desired a generall change and alteration The Pretours at first dissimuled all and would seeme to take no knowledge thereof but thought it best to put off the matter to a farther day yet overcome at last with the common accord and consent of the people and fearing withall a mutinie and sedition pronounced and declared the men aforenamed for Pretours Neither would they at first hand so soone as they were created set that abroach which was in their mind desire to effect notwithstanding they were displeased and discontented much both for that there had bene embassadors dispatched unto Appius Claudius about a truce for ten dayes and also when it was obteined that there were others addressed to treat for the renewing of the auncient league with the Romanes At the same time Ap. Claudius the Romane Generall lay at Murgantia with an Armada of 100 gallies waiting there to heare what was the event of the troubles which arose upon the murder of the tyrants and how far-forth men would proceede upon this their new and unwonted libertie And much about those dayes when as the Saracosian Embassadours were sent from Appius unto Marcellus now comming into Sicilia Marcellus himselfe after he heard the conditions of peace thought they would grow to some good agreement and conclusion in the end and therefore sent other embassadours also to Saracose personally to debate and conferre in the presence of the Pretours concerning the renewing of the league aforesaid But by thaâ— time they found not the citie in the same quiet tune and peaceable state For Hippocrates and Epicides after newes came that the Carthaginian navie was arived and rid at anker under the bay of Pachynus confidently and without all feare buzzed in the â—ares one while of the mercenarie souldiours another while of the fugitive traitours many false surmises against their brethren in office and namely that they went about to betray Saracose to the Romanes But Appius began to keepe his Armada at anchor in the very mouth of the river listening to know what hart and hope they of
should be assailed both by sea and land albeit he was short of them in number of ships yet determined to hinder Bomilcar for arriving at Saracose Thus rid two armadaes of enemies affronting one another about the head of Pachynus readie to joyne battaile so soone as the calmenesse of the weather would give them leave to advaunce into the maine and open sea Therefore when the East wind began to lie which for certeine daies had blustred and raged first Bomilcar waighed anchor and the vantguard of his armada seemed to gather still into the deepe only because hee might more easilie gaine the Cape and promontarie aforesaid But so soone as he saw the Romanes ships make way toward him I wot not what suddaine accident it was that afrighted him he set up all his sailes and fell off into the maine sea and after he had sent certain messengers to Heraclea willing them for to set againe their hulkes home into Affricke himselfe costed all along Sicilie and shaped his course for Tarentum Epicides disappointed thus on a suddaine of so great hopes that he had because he would not returne againe to the siege of a cittie whereof a great part was lost alreadie saileth to Agrigentum there to abide expect the event and finall issue rather than to stirre himselfe and trie any more how to helpe them with any succour from thence These things being reported in the campe of the Sicilians to wit that Epicides had quit Saracose that the Carthaginians had abandoned the whole Iland of Sicilie and in manner yeelded it againe into the hands of the Romanes after they had sounded first their minds who were besieged by talke and conference with them they sent Embassadours unto Marcellus to treat about condititions of surrendring the cittie When they were growne in a manner to this point without any squaring or difference at all That the Romanes should have the signorie all and wholly which belonged unto the kings and that all the rest the Sicilians should enjoy with libertie their own proper lawes the Embassadors aforesaid called forth to a parley those unto whom Epicides at his departure had committed the government of the affaires and declared unto them that as they were addressed Oratours unto Marcelius so they were from him sent unto the armie of the Sicilians that generally all as well the besieged as those who were without the daunger of the siege should be comprised within the treatie and abide one and the same fortune and that neither the one side nor the other should capitulate or enter into any covenant for themselves apart without all the rest Who being received and admitted for to falure and speake unto their kinsfolke friends made them acquainted with the agreement and composition betwene Marcellus and them and so after they had presented unto them some good hope of their safetie they persuaded with them so farre forth as to joyne with them and all togither for to set upon assault the bodies of the captains deputed by Epicides namely Polycletus Philistio and one Epicides surnamed Sydus When they were once made away and killed they called the multitude togither unto a generall assembly where they complained greatly of their povertie and penurie of all things for which they were woont to murmure secretly among themselves And albeit yee are distressed say they with so many miseries and calamities yet are yee not to blame fortune therefore so long as it was in your owne power and choise either to be delivered from them or to endure them longer As for the Romans said they it was not hatred but meer love and charitie that moved them to come against Saracose for to assault it For when they heard that the government of the state was usurped by Hippocrates and Epicides the ministers first belonging to Anniball and after to Hicronymus then they began to lay siege unto it intending not the overthrow and destruction of the cittie it selfe but to put downe and depose the cruell tyrant that ruled the state Seeing then that now Hippocrates is dead Epicides excluded from Saracose his deputies and captaines killed and the Carthaginians driven out of all their hold and possession of Sicilie both by land and sea what reason have the Romanes but to bee willing and well content that Saracose should continue in safetie now as well as if Hiero himselfe were living the onely mainteiner observant upholder of the Romane amitie And therefore if ought but well should happen either to the cittie or to the cittizens yee may thanke your selves and none else for letting slip opportunitie now offered of reconciliation attonement with the Romanes Never looke to have the like occasion hereafter to that which at this instant is presented if yee had the grace to see what a doore is opened for you to be delivered from the yoke of most insolent proud tyrants This speech they gave eare unto with exceeding accord and generall applause But before that any Embassadours were nominated to bee sent unto Marcellus it was thought good that new Pretors should be created Out of the number of which Pretours there were Oratours addressed unto Marcellus And the principal man among them spake in this wise Neither we Syracusians quoth hee ô Marcellus at the first revolted from you Romanes but Hieronymus impious and wicked Prince as he was yet nothing so much hurtfull to you as to us nor afterwards when peace was knit again upon the murder of the tyrant was it any cittizen of Saracose but Hippocrates and Epicides the kings right hands and ministers who oppressed and kept us under with fear of one side with deceivable sleights on another side that made the brack were the troublers disturbers of this peace Ne yet can any man come forth and say truly that ever we were at our owne libertie and enterteined not peace and amitie with you And now also I assure you so soone as by the massacre of these that held Saracose in such oppression and bondage we began againe to be our owne men and to have the law in our owne hands the first thing you see that we do is this to come present ourselves unto you to deliver up our armour and weapons to yeeld our bodies our cittie the walls and all the strength therof and to refuse no condition that it shall please you Romans to impose upon us As to your self ô noble Marcellus the gods have given you the honour of conquest over the most noble beautifull cittie of all other in Greece Behold how what memorable acts soever that we have at any time atchieved either by land or sea all makes to the advancement of the glorious title dignity of your triumph See you then that another day it be not known by bare hear-say the trump of fame how great and mightie a cittie you have woon but rather that it may stand still and remaine for all posteritie for a marke and worthie
was made of the paisants that fled from him by his vauntcurriers the Numidian light horsemen whom he sent asore to make riddance And many there were of all conditions and ages that were taken captive In this tumultuous trouble Fulvius Flaccus with his armie entred Rome at the gate Capena from whence he went through the middest of the citie along the street Carinae into the Exquiliae and from thence hee went forth and betweene the gates Exquilina and Collina pitched his tents Thither the Aediles of the Commons brought victuals the Consull and the Senate resorted to him into the campe where they sat in counsell about the State of the Commonweale And agreed it was That the Consuls should lie encamped likewise about the gates Collina and Exquillina that C. Calpurnius Pretour of the cittie should have the keeping of the Capitoll and the castle with a guard and that the Senatours keepe residence continually in good number within the compasse of the Forum what need so ever there should be of their counsell and advise against all suddaine accidents By this time Anniball was come forward as farre as to the river Anio within three miles of the citie lay encamped where he kept a standing leaguer But himselfe in person with 2000 horsemen advaunced forward toward the gate Collina even as farre as to Hercules his temple and rode all about as neere as he well could to veiw the walls and the situation of the citie Flacus tooke foule disdaine thereat and thought it a shame full indignitie that he should brave it at his pleasure so scornefully without revenge whereupon hee sent out certaine of his owne Cavallerie and gave commaundement That they should set the enemies horsemen farther off and chase them backe into their campe Whiles they were in skirmish together the Consuls gave order that the Numidian horsemen such as were fled from the enemie and turned to the Romanes who were at that time to the number of twelve hundred upon the Aventine hill should passe through the middest of the cittie to the Exquiliae supposing that there were none more meet than they for to sight among the valleyes the garden houses the sepulchres and hollow waies on every side Whom when some from the castle and the Capitoll espied riding downe the descent of the hill called Clivus Publicus they ran crying about the citie The Aventine is taken The Aventine is taken Which alarme caused a tumult gave such an occasion of fear and running away that if the campe of Anniball had not been without the walls fearefull multitude doubtlesse would have abandoned and quit the cittie But they tooke their houses and gat every man up to the terrasses and leads thereof from whence they pelted with stones and others shot their own friends in steed of enemies as they rode scattering one from another in the streets This tumult could not be repressed nor the errour appeare by reason that the waies were so pestered with a number of the countrie peasants and of cattell besides whom suddaine feare had driven into the citie Howbeit the horsemen fought fortunately and the enemies were removed and set backe And because it was necessarie to stay all disorders and uprores that chaunced upon small occasions to arise it was thought good and agreed upon that all those who had been either Dictatours or borne the office of Censors should have their full power authoritie untill such time as the enemie was clean departed from about the walls And that was to good purpose for all the rest of that day and the night following there were divers and sundrie garboiles without any cause or occasion raised and the same stilled appeased by that meanes The next day Anniball passed over Anio and brought forth all his whole power into the field Neither were Flaccus and the Consuls behind hand for their parts but readie for battell When both armies stood arraunged in order on both sides amused upon the issue and event of that one sight which was for no lesse a prize and reward to the victorious part than the very cittie of Rome there sell such a mightie storme of raine and haile together and so troubled both hoasts that they could scarce hold their weapons in hand but were driven to retire themselves for safetie into their severall campes fearing nothing lesse than their own enemies The morrow after likewise when they stood in the same place in battel array the like tempest parted them asunder And they were not so soone retired into their campe but the day was wonderfull faire and the weather calme againe The Carthaginians tooke this for an ominous presage to them of ill lucke And Anniball was heard by report to say That one while his mind another while his fortune would not give him leave to win the citie of Rome There were other occurrences besides as well small as great that discouraged him and abated his hope Of more importance was this that whiles he lay with his hoast in arms before the walls of Rome he understood there were certaine companies with banners displaied sent into Spaine for to supplie the armies there Of lesse reckoning was this that hee was advertised by a certaine captive how the very same plot of ground whereon hee was encamped happened at the same time to be sold not underfoot but at the full price and nothing abated This he tooke to be so presumptuous a part and such a scornefull indignitie namely that there should bee a chapman found at Rome to make purchase of that peece of land which hee was possessed of and held in right of armes that presently he called for a publicke crier trumpet and gave commaundement unto him to proclaim port sale of all the shops of Bankers and money chaungers at that time aboutthe Forum in Rome Neverthelesse hereupon hee was moved to dislodge and retired his campe backewards from the citie to the river Turia sixe myles from Rome From whence hee tooke his way to the grove of Feronia where stood a temple in those daies much renowmed for wealth and richesse The inhabitants thereabout were certaine Capenates who used to bring thither the first fruits of their corne and revenues yea and many other oblations besides according to their store by meanes where of they had adorned garnished it with much gold and silver Of all those gifts and offerings was this temple then robbed and spoiled But after the departure of Anniball from thence there were found great heapes of brasse by reason that the souldiours upon touch and remorse of conscience had cast in many brasen peeces The sacking and pillage of this temple all writers doe agree upon and make no doubt thereof Coelius faith That Anniball as hee went toward Rome from Eretum turned thither and hee setteth downe the beginning of his journey from Reate Cutiliae and from Amiternum And that out of Campania he came into Samnium and from thence into the countrie of Peligni and so passed beside
affections Well the letters were first red in the Senate and then in the assembly of the people and there according to the divers dispositions of men some tooke joy and contentment of mind as upon a certaintie others would give no credit before they either heard the messengers speake directly from the Consuls or saw their letters After this word came that there were Embassadours themselves at hand And then in deed there ran to meet them of all sorts young and old euery one desired to be the first to see and to heare these so glad tidings And they went out so far as the bridge Milvius all the way along was full of people These embassadors or messengers were L. Veturius Philo P. Licinius Varus Q. Cecilius Metellus Who being accompanied with people of all degrees and qualities that flocked about them came as farre as to the common place some questioned with themselves others enquired of their traine and retinue what newes and how the world went And as any one had caught an end from them that the armie and captaine Generall of the enemies was slaine or the Romane legions safe and the Consuls haile and well hee would immediatly impart his joy unto others Much ado had they to come into the Curia and more ado there was to keep out the multitude that they were not mingled among the lords of the Senate But at last the letters were red in the Senate From thence were the Embassadours brought into the generall assembly of the people And L. Veturius after hee had red the letters explained himselfe from point to point in order how every thing was done with great applause and afterwards with a generall shout of all the assembly who hardly could conceive in their minds so great joy Then they ran divers waies some to the temples of the gods to render thanks others to their owne houses to communicate with their wives and children so luckie and fortunate tidings And the Senate decreed a solemne procession for three daies togither forasmuch as M. Livius and C. Claudius the Consuls with the safetie of the legions had vanquished the enemies killed their Generall and put their armie to the sword This procession C. Hostilius the Pretour published in the open assembly of the people and it was celebrated and solemnized both by men and women All the temples for three daies fully were likewise replenished with the one sex and the other For the Matrones and Dames of the citie in their best apparrell togither with their children yeelded praise and thankes to the immortall gods as if now they had beene freed from all feare and the warre come to a finall end for ever This victorie altered the very slate and course of the common-weale so as from that time forward as in time of setled peace men durst make contracts buy and sell borrow and lend yea and pay debts to their creditors C. Claudius the Consull so soone as he was entred into the campe againe caused the head of Asdruball which he had preserved with great care and brought with him to bee throwne out before the Corps de guard and stations of the enemies and that the Affricane captives should be shewed bound as they were in chaines and two of them to be sent loose unto Anniball to declare and recount in order how everything hapned Anniball having at once received this double blow mourning as well for the publicke losse of the state as for the calamitie hapned in his owne house fetched a deepe sigh by report and said Ah I see well the hard fortune of Carthage And dislodging from thence because he would bring togither all his forces which being dispearsed asunder he was not able to hold and maintaine into the utmost angle of Italie the Brutiens countrie hee brought thither as well the Metapontines even the whole state of them who abandoned their owne townes and citties as also the Lucanes as many as were subject unto him and under his obedience THE XXVIII BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the eight and twentith Booke THE prosperous affaires in Spaine under the conduct of Syllanus the Lieutenant of Scipio and L. Scipio his brother atchieved against the Carthaginians as also the acts performed by Sulpitius the Pro-consull and Attalus the king of Asia the lesse in the quarrell and behalfe of the Aetolians against Philip king of the Macedonians are reported and set downe in this booke When there was a triumph decreed and granted unto M. Livius and C. Claudius Nero the Consuls Livius because he had performed the exploit in his owne province rode in a chariot drawne with foure steeds and Nero because hee came into the province of his colleague to helpe forward the victorie rode after him mounted on horsebacke Howbrit even thus in this habit and manner of triumph he carried the more glorie port and reverence for to say a truth in this war hee had done more good service than his brother Consull The fire went out in the chappell of Vesta by negligence of a virgin that had the keepingand tending thereof and looked no better unto it The said virgin was well whipped P. Scipio finished the warre in Spaine against the Carthaginians when it had continued foureteen yeares and in the fist yeare after that he went from the cittie of Rome And having disseized the enemies quite of the possession of Spaine he recovered it wholly for the Romanes From Taracon hee losed with two barkes and sailed into Africke unto Syphax king of the Numidians with whom he concluded a league Asdruball the sonne of Gisgo sat there with him at one table and they supped togither He exhibited a game and pastime of sword-playing at new-Carthage in the honor of his father and uncle and the same was not performed by common fencers and sword-plaiers hired thereto but by such as either for the honour of their captaine or to determine some controversie gave defiance one to the other and entred the lists in combat Among whom two great LL. of the countrie who were brethren sought at sharpe for the soveraigntie of the kingdome When the cittie Astapa was besieged and assailed by the Romanes the townsmen caused a mightie pile of wood to be made and set on fire and when they had killed their wives and children they threw themselves headlong into the fire after them Scipio himselfe whiles he lay grievously sicke and there hapned by occasion thereof a mutinie to arise in one part of his army when he was amended once made an end thereof and compelled the states of Spaine that mutined to come in and yeeld obedience againe There was likewise an amitie and societie concluded with Masanissa king of the Numidians who also promised him his aid in case he would come over into Africke With the Gaditanes also after the departure of Mago from thence who had received letters from Carthage that he
my conduct and governement may speed well and turne to the good of my selfe the people and Communaltie of Rome our allies and especially those of the Latine nation who by land by sea by rivers follow the direction commaund governement and fortune of my selfe and of the people of Rome and that in all our actions yee would bee good gracious favourable and helpefull unto us and advaunce all our proceedings that ye would graunt us the victorie over our enemies and after we have subdued them to continue safe and sound and adorned with their goodly spoils laden with their rich pillage to returne home all together with glorious triumph and geve us the hand and opportunitie to be revenged of our foes and mortall enemies and deigne me and the people of Rome that power and strength to execute upon the citie of the Carthaginians those fearefull examples of crueltie which the people of Carthage intended to practise and bring upon our citie and state After these prayers thus pronounced he tooke the raw inwards and purtenance of the beast killed for sacrifice as the manner is and flung them into the sea and with that by sound of trumpet gave the signall of departure Now were they under saile and having a good great gale of a forewind they soone lost the sight of land In the afternoone there began to fall a thick mist by reason whereof the ships could hardly avoid running one upon another But when they were once in the maine and deepe sea the wind became more mild and all the night following the same darke mist continued still After the sunne was once up it brake and dispersed and then the wind againe grew big and high by which time they might discover land And not long after the pilot said unto Scipio that they were not full two leagues from Affrick and that he saw well and discerned the cape or point of Mercurius and if his will and pleasure were thither to direct their course presently the whole armada should be in the rode Scipio so soone as he was within view of land after he had made his prayers unto the gods to blesse this first discovery of Affrick to his owne good and the benefit of the Common-weale gave commaundement to saile still and to put with the shore and ride at anchar in some bay beneath So they made way with the same wind But about that very time as the day before they were misted againe and lost the sight of land And as the fogge increased the wind fell the night also that came upon them besides made all things more doubtfull Whereupon they cast anchar for feare that the ships should either hit one upon another or run aground When day light arose the same wind was up againe but the foggie mist scattered and then they might see plainly all the coast of Affrick Scipio then demaunded what promontorie it was that he saw next and hearing that the name of it was The head Pulchrum or The faire Cape The name quoth he pleaseth me and the presage therof I like full well even thither put the ships aland and so the Armada entred the bay and all the host was set ashore Thus have I reported that they had a prosperous voyage without any fearefull danger or much trouble geving credit herein to very many writers as well Greekes as Latines Only Caelius setting aside that the ships were not cast away and drowned amid the surging waves writeth how all other dangers both of water weather encountred them in so much as at last the Armada was driven by temprest from the coast of Affrick and fell upon the yland Aegimurus from whence they had much ado to recover their direct course againe and finally when the ships were at hand to sinke under the water that the souldiers faring like men at point to suffer shipwrack without licence and commaundement of their Generall and without their armour in great feare made shift with boates to recover the shore The Romanes thus being landed pitched their tents among the hils next adjoyning By which time the terror and fearefull fright of this their arrivall was not entred only into the Maritime coasts and territories bounding upon the sea first upon the discovery of the fleete and afterwards by reason of the rumor and tumult of the armie as it came ashore but also spred forward as far as to the good townes and very cities For not only the high waies were all filled and overspred with multitudes of men women and children who went by heapes together one with another but also the country pezants drave before them whole heards of cattaile as a man would have said that had seene it how all Affrick was like to be abandoned at once on a sodaine in such sort as they put the cities in deede in greater feare and perplexitie than they were themselves and especially Carthage above all others where there was no lesse trouble and hurliburley then if it had bene surprised and forced by the enemie For since time that M. Attilius Regulus and L. Manlius were Coss. for the space almost of fiftie yeeres they had not once so much as seene and armie of Romanes but only certein fleets of rovers and men of warre who had landed at times and made some rodes into the lands lying upon the seaside and when they had harried some prizes such as came next hand they ever were retired againe to their ships before the alarme could be given to raise the countrey The greater therefore now was both the flight and fright within the citie And to speake a truth good cause they had by reason that there was neither at home in readinesse an armie of puissance to encounter the enemie nor a Captaine of valour to conduct and leade an armie Asdruball the sonne of Gisgo for nobilitie and high parentage for honor and renowne for wealth and riches and besides for the new affinitie then contracted with a King was of all others the greatest personage by many degrees yea the only man of the whole State And him they remembered very well to have bene foiled discomfited and beaten out of the field in Spaine by the selfesame Scipio in divers and sundrie battailes Also they made accoumpt that they were no more able to match the Captaines man for man than to compare and set their tumultuarie power raised in hast with the staid and experienced armie of the Romanes Therefore they gave the alarme presently as if Scipio were readie to assault Carthage out of hand the gateswith all speede were shut and made sure the walls manned with souldiours the corps de guard set watch and ward kept and all the night following the Sentinels duly relieved and mainteined The next day 500 light horse were sent out as espials vantcurriers to discover and scoure the quarters to the sea side and with all to empeach them that were a disbarking and comming aland who chaunced to light upon the Romanes corps
harts were welnigh done for neither wer there any more inrodes now by land as there were woont to be from Corinth side by the way of Megara along into their territories and the men of warre and pyrats ships which from Chalcis had made not onely the seas dangerous to the Athenians but also the maritime and sea coasts durst not now approch nearer than to the cape of Sunium no nor venture into the open maine sea from out of the streights of Euripus Over and besides there came in to them three Rhodian gallies with foure bankes of oares there were also three open ships of Athens well rigged and appointed for to keepe the quarters that lay along the river Claudius was well appayed and thought he had gotten enough for the present in case the citie and territorie of Athens might be sufficiently guarded by this fleet But see there presented unto him an occurrent besides of far greater importance and consequence Certaine banished persons of Chalcis expelled from thence by the wrongs and violence of those that sided with king Philip advertised him that the citie of Chalcis might be easily surprised without any conflict or resistance at all for not onely the Macedonians raunged abroad every where up and downe because there were no enemies neare at hand to feare but also the townesmen presuming upon the garrison of the Macedonians neglected the guard of the citie Vpon the assurance of their words he set forward and although he was arrived at Sunium with to good speed that he might with ease have sailed to the entrance of the streights of Eubcea yet for feare of being discovered when he was got once past the cape he kept his fleet within the bay still untill night and at the shutting in of the evening he weighed anker and lanched forth and having a calme sea he arrived before Chalcis a little before the breake of day and presented his forces against those parts of the citie that were least peopled and with the helpe of some few souldiours he skaled and got the towre that stood next with the wall about it whiles in some places the warders were sound asleepe and in others not at all to be found Then they advanced forward unto those parts that were more inhabited and stood thicker with houses where after they had killed the guard and broken open a gate they received into the towne all the rest of their souldiours Whereupon there was running now on every hand into all parts of the citie and much hurrie and confusion which was the greater because the enemies had set fire on the houses about the market place The kings garners also were of a light fire together with the arcenall and armorie where there was exceeding store of provision of engins of artillerie and other ordenance and instruments for warre After this they fell to execution and to massacre in every place as well those that fled as those that made head so as they missed not one that was of age meet to beare armes but either he was killed or put to flight Sopater likewise the Acarnanian captaine of the garrison was there slaine All the pillage was first brought and piled up together in the common place of the citie and afterwards embarked The common goale besides was broke open by the Rhodians and the prisoners and captives let out whome Philip had there lodged as in a place of surest guard and custodie Then they overthrew the Images and statues of the king and brake their neckes which done they founded the retreat went a shipboord and returned to Pyreaeum from whence they came But if the number of Romane souldiers had beene such that they might have kept Chalcis still with a garrison without quitting and abandoning the defence of Athens a great matter had been gotten in the very beginning of the warre to wit the citie of Chalcis and the passage of Euripus had beene taken from the king For as the narrow passe of Thermopyle stoppeth the way into Greece by land so the streights of Euripus maketh all sure by sea Philip at that time lay in the citie Demetrias where after he heard the newes of the calamitie besalne upon a confederate citie albeit now it was too late to helpe when all was lost yet because he would be revenged which is a thing that commeth neare to the nature of aid and succour he went forth immediatly with five thousand footmen lightly appointed and deliver and three thousand horsemen with all the speed and hast he could to reach nere unto Chalcis making full reckoning that the Romans might be surprised on a sodaine but being disappointed of this hope and thither come where he could see nothing els but a piteous spectacle of a friend-citie halfe ruinate and still smoking and so few people left alive that they hardly were able to bury their dead he returned as hastily as he came and having passed over Euripus at a bridge hee lead straight to Athens by the way of Baeotia with a deepe persuasion and hope that a like enterprise unto the Romanes should have the like issue And verily he had not missed of the semblable effect correspondent to his designes but that a certaine watchman one of those whome the Greekes call Hemerodromos that is posts and carriers that in one daies space will run and rid a mightie deale of ground descried from a watch-towre the kings troupes marching whereupon hee ran out afore and came to Athens ere midnight There were they all asleepe too and as retchlesse as they of Chalcis were a few dayes past which was the losse of their town The Pretor of the Athenians and Dioxippus the captaine of a regiment of hired strangers and aid-soldiers awoke at this so fearfull and sodain tidings and gat up assembled the souldiers into the market-stead commanded to sound alarme from the highest place of the citie that all men might take knowledge that the enemies were nere at hand By which meanes they ran every man from all parts to the gates and up the walls Within few houres after and somwhat before day light he approched the citie and seeing many lights every where hearing also a noise of people running to and fro as in time of such a tumult he staied his march and commaunded his souldiours to sit them downe and rest themselves intending to proceed by ouvert and open forces since covert and craftie courses sped no better and so at length he came before Dipylos This Dipylos is a gate standing in the very front of the cittie greater and wider a good deale than the rest Both within and without that gate are large and broad streets so that both the inhabitants within-forth may marshall an armie and lead in battaile ray from the common place directly to the gate and also the enemies without have roume at will to conduct a power as well of horse as foot by meanes of a spatious causey or high way which reacheth out almost a mile in length
warre Now the Aetolians the Athamanes and Dardanians and many other warres rising sodainly at once some from one place and some from another had diverted and turned Philip a contrarie way Against the Dardanians as they returned out of Macedonia he sent Athenagoras with the footmen lightly armed and appointed and the greater part also of the horse giving him in charge and direction to follow them hard at their heeles as they departed and to play upon their backes and cut off the taile of their rereward to teach them against another time not to be so hastie to come abroad with an armie againe Democritus the Pretour of the Aetolians who in the Dict aforesaid held at Naupactum persuaded to take a longer time for to consult about this warre had in the next councell or parliament following mooved the Aetolians to enter into armes namely upon the same that was spread abroad of the horsmens fight before Octolophus and also upon the comming of the Dardanians and Pleâ—ratâ—s with the Illyrians into Macedony besides the arrivall of the Romane fleet at Oreum and the generall voice and bruit that went how Macedonie should shortly be assailed also by sea over and above so many nations that from all parts about were come alreadie by land These motives regained Democritus the Aetolians to friend the Romanes againe Who joyning unto them Aminander the king of the Athanians went forth together for to besiege Cercinium They within the towne had shut their gates whether by constraint or willingly of themselves it was not knowen for they had the kings garrison within among them How ever it was within few daies Cercinium was taken and burnt As many as remained alive after that great defeature as well bond as free one with another were with the rest of the pillage carried away This fearefull example caused all the people inhabiting about the marrish of Boebe to abandon their cities and to retire themselves for securitie into the mountaines The Aetolians for want of rich prey and bootie which they could not find there turned from them and marched toward Perrhaebia In that quarter they woon by force the citie Cyretirae cruelly put it to the ransack The inhabitants of Malloea surrendred of themselves without compulsion and were received into protection as allies Out of Perrhebaea Aminander was of advise and desirous to march against Gomphos by reason that the countrey of Athamania bordered so neere upon that citie and it seemed easie to be forced without much trouble But the Aetolians fingers tickled and itched againe to be doing with the rich and fertile fields of Thessalie and thither went they to raise booties and seeke pillage Athamander followed still for companie albeit he liked well neither of these fashions of the Aetolians thus outragiously to make rodes and to spoile every where nor of their manner of encamping at adventure in what places soever they chanced to come without all discretion regard and care of fortifying and guarding the armie Fearing therefore least their inconsiderate rashnes and supine negligence might be an occasion that he or his should come to a shrewd turne and incurre some domage spyed his time and seeing them to incampe in a plaine neere to the city Phaecadum he tooke a little hill little above halfe a mile off where both he and his might with the helpe of any small guard lie in securitie Now when as the Aetolians seemed in manner to have forgotten that they were in the enemies country but that they drave some booties whiles they were some of them wandring and stragling disbanded and halfe armed others within their campe without any corps du guard swilling and sleeping all night and day long and made no difference of the times Philip came upon them before they looked for him And it being once known by the report of some that fled out of the fields in great affright that he approched then Democrâ—â—us and the rest of the captaines began to quake for feare Now was it about noonetide of the day at what time as most of them having taken their full lode of wine and viands lay along fast asleepe Then they fell to awake and raise one another and to give the alarme anon they sent out every way to call in those that were preading abroad in the fields So much they were astonied that for hast many of the horsemen went forth without their swords and most of them forgat to put on their cuiraces Thus being led out in post hast and hardly in all foot and horse together able to make up the number of sixe hundred they light upon the kings Cavallerie for number armour and courage much better than themselves And therefore at the first push were discomfited for before they were well entred into skirmish they fled shamefully away toward their campe Some of them came short thither and were either slaine or taken prisoners even as many as the kings horsemen overtooke and gat betweene them and their other companies that fled Philip when he saw his men approch neere unto their campe commaunded to sound the retreat for both horse and man was wearie not so much with fight as with their long journey and the exceeding speed that they made Whereupon hee gave commaundement that the horsemen by troups and the light armed footmen by their companies and squadrons should water their horses one after another and go to their dinner and repast Others lie kept still in armour for a guard attending the regiment of the footmen that came but slowly forward by reason they were heauily armed at all peeces who being come they also were enjoyned to pitch downe their ensigns and lay their weapons before them and to take a short bait and hastie pittance sending two or three at the most out of every band for to water the horses All this while the horsemen together with the light armed souldiours stood well appointed and in readinesse if happily the enemie would have given any attempt The Aetolians bestowed armed men all about the gates and the rampier intending to guard and defend their strength and fortifications for now by this time they also that were scattered over the fields had retired themselves into the campe And so long as they beheld the enemies to keepe quiet and not stirre and were themselves in a sure hold they made their bravadoes and were very lustie but after that the ensignes of the Macedonians began to advaunce forward and march in order of battell well appointed close unto their trench all at once they abandoned their guards and quarters and ran out at the backe part of their campe and fled to the foresaid hill where the Athamaniens were encamped Many of the Aetolians were likewise in this hastie flight killed or taken prisoners Philip made no doubt but that the Athamaniens also might have been driven from their hold if there had beene day ynough behind but the day being spent alreadie first in the skirmish and afterward in
come and victuals The way betweene Gomphi and Ambracia as it is comberous and hard for passage so againe it is but short and very compendious So that within few daies he had transported certaine convoies of victuals from the port of Ambracia whereby the campe was stored with plentie of all provision From thence he passed to Rhages a towne almost ten miles distant from Larissa The citizens thereof are descended from Perrhoebia and the citie it self seated upon the river Peneus The Thessalians were nothing afraid at the first comming of the Romanes As for Philip like as hee durst not himselfe in person march forward into Thessalie so having taken a place within Tempe which he held with a standing campe he espied into what quarters the enemies intended to go and ever as he could find any opportunitie and advauntage sent underhand succour and releese thither accordingly Much about the same time that the Consull first encamped against Philip in the streights of Epitus L. Quintius also the Consull his brother who by commission from the Senat had the charge of the fleere and the government of all the sea coast failed beyond Corcyra with two Galleaces of five banks of ores and hearing that the navie was departed from thence seeing also there was no staying there he made saile after apace and having overtaken them at the isle Zamma he dismissed Apuslius in whose place he succeeded from whence he went faire and softly haling after him the most part of the ships which followed with the provision of victuals untill he came to Malea From whence when he had geven order that the rest should make as good speed as possibly they could after him he went with three Quinqueremes lightly appointed and arrived before at Pyraeeum where he received the other ships that L. Apuslius the Lientenant had left there for the guard and defence of Athens At the same time there were two Armadaes set out of Asia the one conducted by king Attalus consisting of foure and twentie saile of Quinqueremes the other were of Rhodians and stood of twentie covert ships with decks and hatches commaunded by Agesimbrotus the Admirall These fleets joyning together about the island Andros crossed the narrow seas from thence to Euboea And first they forraied the territorie of the Carystians afterwards seeing Carystus strong enough against them by reason of a garison sent to them in all hast from Chalcis they approched to Eretria L. Quintius having intelligence that king Attalius was come repaired thither also with those vessels which had bene at Pyraeeum and gave commaundement that as many ships as arrived thither belonging to his fleete should bend their course for Euboea Now was Eretria by all sorcible meanes assaulted for not only the vessels of three joynt navies had brought thither all sorts of engins and artillerie devised for to shake and batter the walls of cities but also the fields and country hard by yeelded them plentie of timber and other manner to make new The townes-men from the very first day shewed no valour and courage in defending their walls and afterwards when they were wearied and some of them hurt and saw withall a part of their wall overthrowne by the ordinance and engins of the enemie enclined to yeeld but they had amongst them a garison of Macedonians whom they feared no lesse than the Romans Moreover Philocles a captaine under the king sent messengers unto them from Chalcis assuring them that if they could hold out still and endure the siege he would in good time be with them and bring reliefe Thus hope and feare together constreined them to drive off longer than either they were willing or well able to do But when they heard once that Philocles had a repulse by the way and in great hast and feare was retired and fled to Chalcis again then immediatly they sent their embassadors unto Attalus to crave pardon and protection Whiles they were wholly bent to seeke peace whereof they had some hope and foreslacked the affaires of warre-service opposing their corps de gard on that side only of the wall where the breaches were and neglecting all besides behold Quintius in the night season gaue a cammissado in that quarter which was least suspected and with skaling ladders woon the towne The whole multitude of the inhabitants fled with their wives and children into the Castle which also afterwards was rendred up As for money gold and silver there was no great store to speake of but images and peinted tables of antique worke artificially wrought and such like ornaments there were more found than for the proportion of the bignesse or other wealth besides of such a citie as that was From thence they set saile once againe for Carystus where the whole multitude before the enemies were put aland having abandoned the citie were fled into their fortresse from whence they sent their oratours unto the Romane Generall humbly craving their mercifull protection The townes-men presently had their lives and libertie graunted them But the Macedonians were put to their raunsome and they compounded to pay three hundred silver sesterces a peece and to give up their armour and weapons and so to depart With this summe of money having redeemed themselves they were set over disarmed into Boeotia These forces at sea having in few dayes gained two noble and renowned cities in Euboea coasted about Sunium a promontorie or cape within the territorie of Attica and arrived before Cenchreae a towne of merchandise and trafficke belonging to the Corinthians The Consull all this while had a longer and more dangerous peece of service in the siege of Rhages than all men looked for And the enemies within made resistance where he would have least of all suspected For he supposed verily that all the trouble and difficultie would be in battering downe the wall and making some breach For thus he thought that if he had once opened way for his armed souldiours to enter into the towne the enemies afterwards would either free or be slaine as it falleth out commonly in cities when they are forced Howbeit when part of the wall by the battery of the Ram lay flat along and the enemies were gotten over at the breaches and ruines thereof then began their labour and paines anew as if they had had no trouble nor toile afore For the Macedonians in garison who were many in number and those approved and select souldiours thinking how honourable a service it would be to defend the citie by valour and dent of sword rather than by the strenght of walls had raunged themselves in a battaile within forth strongly marshalled into many ranks and files close together and when they perceived the Romanes were mounting over the breaches to enter the citie they repelled beat them back in that place of great disadvantage where they had much ado to recover and retire themselves The Consull hereat was much displeased and vexed in himselfe and making this accoumpt that such
rare felicitie This done Iuintius and the ten Delegates gave audience to the embassages of divers kings and princes nations and states And first of all others were the embassadours of king Antiochus called in who used the same speech in manner that they had at Rome vaunting great words without any ground and substance of credit But answere was returned unto them not covertly by way of circumstance as aforetime when Philip was on foot and things stood doubtfull but openly in plaine tearmes Inprimis That Antiochus must quit and abandon all the cities of Asia which belonged at any time either to king Philip or king Ptolomeus Item That he medle not with any free citie or state and especially with those of Greece but above all warned he was and forbidden either to passe over himselfe or to send any forces into Europe After the kings embassadours were licensed to depart all the nations and states had a generall session and meeting together which was the sooner dispatched for that in the decrees of the ten Delegates all the cities and states were pronounced by name Vnto the Orestians a people in Macedonie for that they revolted first from the king their own lands and priviledges were restored The Magnesians the Perraebians and Dolopians were likewise declared free Vnto the people of Thessalie over and above the graunt of their libertie the Phthiotian Achaeans were annexed excepting the citie of Thebes in Phthia and Pharsalus As for the Aetolians who required that according to covenant Pharsalus and Leucas should be rendered unto them they were put over unto the Senat. But they awarded them the Phocenses and Locrenses with other appertinances adjoyned before by vertue of the decree Corinth Triphylia and Herea which also is a citie of Peloponnesus were rendred unto the Achaeans Moreover these ten Delegates gave Oreum and Eretria unto Eumenes the sonne of Attalus but by reason that Iuintius would not agree thereto the matter was referred over to the Senat for to be decided and the Senat graunted freedome unto these cities togither with Caristus Vnto Pleurasus were freely given Lingus and Parthenius which were two nations in Illyricum and had beene hoth subject to Philip. It was ordained also that Aminander should hold those castles stil which during the warres he had won from Philip. When the assembly was dissolved the ten Delegates having divided betweene themselves their severall charges departed every man to set free the cities of their particular regions and quarters P. Lentulus to Bargyllae L. Stertinius to Hephaestra Thassus and other citties of Thracia P. Villius L. Terentius toward king Antiochus and Cn. Cornelius toward Philip. Vnto whome after Cornelius had declared his commission concerning some smaller matters and withall demaunded of him Whether he could with patience abide to heare councell not onely profitable unto himselfe but also necessarie The king made answere againe and said That hee would not onely give him the hearing but also yeeld him thankes besides in case he would deliver ought unto him for his good Whereupon hee persuaded him earnestly that for as much as he had obtained peace alreadie he should send his embassadors to Rome to crave league also and amitie to the end that if Antiochus began to stirre he might not be thought to have attended and waited for some occasions and opportunities to make warre This conference and communication with Philip was at Tempe in Thessalie And when he answered That he would immediatly dispatch his embassadours Cornelius came to Thermopylae where a solemne Diet and assembly of all Greece is woont to be held upon certaine set daies and thither resort great numbers of people Which meeting is called Pylaicum where hee advised the Aetolians especially to persevere constant and faithfull in the amitie of the people of Rome Some of the principall Aetolians seemed to complaine betweene whiles that the Romanes were not so well affected to their nation after victorie as they were in time of the warre but others more sharply blamed and reproched them yea and upbraided them with this That Philip could not have beene vanquished no nor the Romanes ever able so much as to passe over into Greece without the helpe of the Aetolians Cornelius forbare to make answere against to those points for feare of farther wrangling and altercation and promised that if they sent to Rome they should obtaine any thiug that was reason Whereupon by his advise and approbation there were deputed Embassadours This was the issue and end of the warre with Philip. Whiles these affaires thus passed in Greece Macedonie and Asia all Tuscane in maner was gon out risen up in arms by occasion of a conspiracie of bondslaves For to inquire into these troubles and to represse the same there was sent M. Acilius a Pretour who had the civill jurisdiction betweene citizens and aliens with one of the two legions of Romaine citizens Some of them who were alreadie assembled together and growen to an head he overcame in fight of whome many were slaine and many taken prisoners Others he scourged and roundly trussed up hanging them on gybbets even as many as were the principall and chiefe of the conspiracie and others there were whome he sent home againe to their masters Now the Consuls were gone into their provinces Marcellus so soone as he was entred into the marches of the Boij and had over-wearied his souldiers with marching all day long sate him downe upon a certaine rising of a hill and there as he was in camping himselfe and his men Corolamus a prince or great L. of the Boij with a mightie power assailed and charged him and slew upon three thousand of his men In which sodaine and tumultuarie skirmish certaine brave men of marke were slaine among whome were T. Sempronius Gracchus and M. Iunius Syllanus two Colonels of the allies also A. Ogulnius and P. Claudius two knight marshals or Tribunes of the second legion Howbeit the Romans strongly fortified their tents and defended them valiantly which the enemies upon their fortunate victorie had long assailed to no effect And in the same standing campe he continued certaine daies whiles he cured his souldiours of their wounds and recovered their hearts after so great a fright The Boij as they are a nation that of all things can not endure any tedious delay of time dispersed themselves into their townes and forts Then Marcellus presently crossed ihe Po and led his armie into the territorie of Comun where the Insubrians lay incamped after they had sollicited and caused those of Comum to take armes The legions made no more adoe but gave them battaile in the verie way and at the first encounter the enemies charged them so hotely that they forced the forefront of the battaile to recule Which when Marcellus perceived fearing least beeing once disordered they should be repulsed and discomfited he made out a cohort of Marsians to make head and at once set forth all the troupes of the Latine
Cavallerie against them Their first and second charge both mightily impeached and quailed the enemie advauncing forward lustily and preassing upon them in great furie whereby the rest of the Romane armie taking heart againe and being encouraged at the first received them manfully and made resistance only but afterwards followed fiercely upon them in so much as the Gaules were able no longer to abide their violence but turned their backe tooke them to their heeles and ran away by heapes Valerius Antius writeth that in this battaile there were 40000 men slaine and above 507 militarie ensignes taken with 432 chariots besides many chaines of gold where of Claudius presented one verie massie above the rest and of great weight unto Iupiter which was hung up within the temple in the Capitoll as he writeth The same day was the campe of the Gaules forced and ransackt and the towne of Comum also within few daies taken by assault Vpon this there were eight and twentie boroughs or forts that fell away and revolted to the Consull But the Historiographers agree not upon this Whether the Consull led his forces against the Insubrians first or the Boians and whether he rased out the dishonour of a former foile and defeature by a fortunate victorie in this battell or contrariwise after a prosperous fight atchieved before Comum hee blotted and defaced the same with a shamefull overthrow received at the Boians hand During this variable and alternative fortune L. Purpurio the other Consull marched into the Boians countrie through the tribe Sappinia And when hee was approched neere to a castle called Mutilum he feared least he should be enclosed and intercepted by the Boians and Ligurians wherupon he retired with his forces the same way that he came and fetching a great compasse about through the open countrie in safetie securitie he came at length to his colleague Who having joined both their powers together first raunged over the Boians territories wasting and spoiling untill they came as farre as Felsina This towne with other strong burroughes and forts and in a manner all the Boians yeelded themselves save onely their youth who were up in armes to pill and spoile and were at that time retired unto the forrest and glins out of the way After this the armie marched toward the Ligurians The Boians making full account to assaile the Romane armie at unwares which marched without good regard of themselves and not close together for that their enemies seemed to beefarre oft followed after through the blind and couvert forrests But when they saw that they could not overtake them they suddainely all at once passed over the Po in small bothomes and punts and after they had spoiled and pilled the Levians and Libuans as they returned from thence with a bootie raised out of the countrie they chaunced in the utmost frontiers of Liguria to light upon the armie of the Romanes in their march Sooner and with more eagernesse fell they to fight than if they had appointed both time and place and been prepared aforehand to strike a battell There it well appeared of what force anger is to pricke on and sharpen mens spirits to conflict For the Romans more greedie of murder and bloudshead than of victorie fought so as they scarce left the enemies one messenger to carie the newes of their unhappie overthrow In regard of these exploits upon the Consuls letters brought to Rome ordained it was that there should be a solemne procession and thanksgiving to the gods for three daies Shortly after Marcellus came to Rome unto whome was graunted a triumph with great consent of the LL. of the Senat and whiles hee was in his magistracie he triumphed over the Insubrians and Comians leaving for his Colleague good hope likewise of a triumph because himselfe to say a truth in that nation fought but unfortunately whereas his colleague sped well enough and had a luckie hand Much spoile of the enemies was caried in a pompe upon the chariots that were taken and won from them Many ensigns and banners were borne in a shew besides in monie to the value of 320000 asses of brasse coine and 234000 bigate peeces of silver The footmen had 800 asses given them apeece every horseman and centurion had thrice as much The same yeare king Antiochus whiles he kept his winter at Ephesus assaied to reduce all the cities and States of Asia unto the auncient forme of governement and subjection assuring himselfe that the rest would not be hard to be subdued and brought under because the townes were either situate upon plaines or nothing well fortified with walls and not furnished with men and munition As for Smyrna and Lampsacus they stood upon their freedom and challenged it Doubted it was and great daunger that if he should let them goe cleere away so some cities in Aeolis and Ionia would take after Smyrna and others in Hellespontus follow the example of Lampsacus Therefore both himselfe sent from Ephesus to lay siege unto Smyrna and gave commaundement That the forces which were at Abydus leaving only a small garison behind should be led to the siege and assault of Lampsacus And yet hee threatened and terrified them not so much with forces and violence but assaied them rather by faire meanes sending to them his embassadours so as partly by flattering and gentle words wherewith he entertained them and partly by mild reproofe for their rashnesse and obstinacie hee endevoured to put them in some hope that shortly they should have whatsoever they desired then both they themselves and all others should evidenly see that they had obtained their libertie by the especiall grace and favour of the king and not usurped and gained it by occasion of some advantage and opportunitie To this they answered againe That Antiochus ought neither to marvell nor be offended and displeased at them if they could not well endure the hope which they had of freedome thus to be deferred from time to time Then he departing from Ephesus in the beginning of the spring failed unto Hellespontus with his fleet His land forces he transported over to Madytos a city in Chersonnesus joined them to his strength by sea And because the shut the gates upon him he environned the towne with armed men and when hee was at the point to give the assault and to bend his engines of batterie against the walls it was surrendered into his hands Vpon the like feare the inhabitants also of other cities in Chersonesus yeelded themselves After this hee came to Lysimachia with his whole power as well of land-soldiours as sea-servitours And finding it abandoned ruinate and lying as it were along for but few yeeres before the Thracians had forced sacked and burn it he had a great desire to reare and set upright againe that noble and famous citie seated in so good and commodious a place And therefore he took great care and emploied all his endevour to re-edifie the
now that come to passe indeed which he suspected would be so rode a gallop upon the spurre to those said cohorts of his owne that were left on the other side under the towne and taking them with him in great hast whiles all the townesmen were spread abroad in following the chase after the Suessetanes he led them into the towne at a place where there was no noise no stirring and not a man to be seene and made himselfe maister of all before the Lacetanes were returned backe but within a while hee received them to mercie upon their submission who poore men had nothing to yeeld and loose but their bare armor and weapons Immediately he followed the traine of this victorie and led his forces against the hold or strong towne of Vergium This was a receptacle and place of sure receit for certaine rovers and theeves who from thence used to make many rodes into the peaceable parts of that province The principal and cheefe person of Vergium quit the place and be took himselfe unto the Consull and began to excuse as well himselfe as the townesmen saying that the governement of the towne and the state thereof lay not in their hands For why these robbers after they were once received in among them seized themselves wholly of that strength and had all at their commaund The Consull willed him to goe home againe and to devise and forge some likely probable cause why he had been absent and out of the way with this charge direction that when he saw him approch under the walls and the robbers aforesaid wholly amused and occupied in defence thereof then hee should remember to joine with the rest of his part and faction and be possessed of the fortresse and keepe of the towne This put he in practice and execution accordingly So whiles the Romanes of one side skaled the walls and they on the other side had taken the fortresse these barbarians were sodainly at once surprised with a two-fold feare before and behind The Consull when he had gotten the place into his owne hands gave order that all those who were gotten into the castle and held it should remaine free themselves and all their kinred and likewise enjoy their goods The rest of the Vergetanes he commaunded the Treasurer to sell and make money of them As for the Rovers they suffred according to their deserts After he had set the province in quiet he laid great tributes and imposts upon the mines of yron and silver which being once ordeined and established the whole province grew in welth and riches every day more than other For these his exploits atchieved in Spaine the LL. of the Senat decreed that there should be a solemne procession at Rome to endure for three dayes The same winter L. Valerius Flaccus the other Consull fought in Fraunce a set field with the power of the Boians neere the forest of Litania and wan the victorie And by report there were eight thousand Gaules there slaine the rest abandoned the warre and slipt every one into their owne wickes and villages The rest of the winter the Cos. kept his armie at Placentia and Cremona about the Po and repaired in these cities whatsoever had bene decaied and demolished during the warres The affaires in Italie and Spaine standing in these termes when T. Quintius had so passed the winter in Greece that setting aside the Aetolians who neither had bene recompenced according to the hope that they conceived of the victorie nor yet could long time like of repose all Greece throughout in generall enjoying the blessing of peace and libertie flourished and mainteined their state exceeding well admiring no lesse the temperance justice and moderation of the Romane Generall after victorie than his valour and prowesse in warre there was an Act of the Senat of Rome brought presented unto him importing thus much That warre was determined against Nabis the tyrant of the Lacedemonians Which when Quintius had red he published and proclaimed a generall Diet or Counsell at Corinth against a certein day when and where all the States associats should assemble by their delegates and embassadors Now when there was met together from all parts a frequent number of princes and great personages in such fort that the very Aetolians also were not absent Quintius used unto them this or the like speech The Romanes and Greekes have warred against king Philip as yee well know and as with one mind and common counsell they have so done so either of them had severall quarels unto him and private causes and occasions by themselves to take armes For Philip had broken the league and amitie with us Romanes one while by sending aid and maintenance to the Carthaginians our enemies otherwhiles by assailing our allies in these parts and to you-wards he hath so demeaned himselfe that albeit we could forget and put up all the wrongs that he hath done unto us the very injuries that yee have received at his hands minister sufficient cause unto us to warre against him for your sake As for this dayes consultation it resteth wholly in your selves For this I propound unto you Whether your wil is to suffer Argos which as yee know your selves Nabis the tyrant holdeth to remaine still under him in obedience or whether you thinke it meete and reason that a most noble and auncient citie as it is seated in the very hart of Greece should be reduced unto libertie to enjoy the same condition and state wherein other cities of Peloponnesus and Greece do stand This consultation I say as you well see entierly toucheth you and your good and concerneth us Romanes no farther than thus that by the servitude of that one onely citie wee can not have the full and entier glorie of setting Greece wholly in libertie But if you regard not the state of that citie and are not moved with the example thereof and the danger for feare the contagion of this mischiefe spred farther we for our parts are content and take all in good worth and will not set you downe and teach you what to do Only I require your advise in this point minding to resolve upon that which the major part of you shall cary by voyces After the Romane Generall had ended his speech all the rest began to deliver their opinions And when the deputed delegate or agent for the Atheniens had magnified and extolled as highly as possibly he could the good demerits of the Romans toward Greece yeelding them great thanks that upon their request they had graunted their aid against Philip and without any petition at all offred their help and succour against Nabis the tyrant and seemed therewith to be offended and displeased at some who neverthelesse in their talke and speeches found fault and carped at these so great favours and deserts yea and spake badly of future events whereas it behoved them rather to acknowledge and confesse how much they were bound and beholden alreadie to the
medlie encreased the service was nothing equall of both parties for the Lacedaemonians discharged shot from which the Romane souldiours easily saved themselves by meanes of their large targuets and withall much thereof either fell short and besides or els so feebly flung from them that little or no harm they could doe For by reason of the streightnesse of the place and the multitude so thronged and thrust together they had not onely no space to take their run when they should launce their darts the best meanes of all other to enforce them but not so much as sure footing and at ease to drive and levell them with all their strength Insomuch as of all the darts and javelines which were directly shot a front them none at all pierced to their bodies very few so much as stuck in their bucklers Marry some happened to be wounded from the higher places by those that stood neere unto them and about their sides And anone as they advaunced forward they chaunced to bee hurt not onely with arrowes and darts from off the houses but also with tiles and slates are they were aware But afterwards they covered their heads with their targuets which they set so close united together one under the other seatherwise that not onely there was no place of enterance for the darts throwne and cast at randon afar no nor so much as any roome for a weapon to get betweene levelled though it were and aimed neere at hand so as under this targuet-fence they approched neerer and neerer in safetie At the first the narrow and streight avenues filled with the throng both of themselves and also of the enemies so thrust and crouded together staied them for a while but afterwards when they had by little and little gathered upon the enemies and put them back and were come into a larger and more spatious street of the citie then their force and violence could not possibly bee endured any longer Now when the Lacedaemonians turned their backes and fled apace to gaine the higher places for their vantage Nabis verily for his part trembling and quaking as if the citie had ben quite lost looked about him on every side which way himselfe might escape and save his life But Pythagoras as in all things else hee performed the devoire and part of a courageous captain so he was the only cause that the town was not lost for hee commaunded to set fire on the houses standing next to the wall which in the minute of an houre burned out on a light flame as being set forward by the helpe of those who otherwise were wont to quench the like skarefires whereupon the houses came ratling and tumbling downe upon the Romans heads and not onely the tileshards but also the timber pecces halfe burnt fell upon the armed souldiours the flame spread still farre and neere the smuddering smoke put them in feare of more daunger than was And therefore as well those Romans who were without the citie in the hotest of their assault reculed from the walls as also those that were entered alreadie for feare least by the fire behind them they should be separated from their fellowes retired themselves Quintius also seeing how the case stood caused to found the retreat and so being recalled they returned out of the cittie which they had as good as woon into the camp And Quintius conceiving more hope by the feare of the enemies than of the thing it selfe and the service done never gave over for three daies to terrifie them partly by skirmishing and partly by intrenching and stopping up certeine quarters that they might have no passage at all to flie and shift for themselves They tyrant constrained at length with these dangers menaced sent Pythagoras again as an Orator unto Quintius But he at first rejected him and commaunded him to avant out of the campe yet in the end after he had made most humble supplication and cast himselfe prostrate at his feet he gave him audience The beginning of his speech was this that he yeelded all to the discretion and former award of the Romanes But seeing that he gained nothing thereby and that his words took no effect they grew at length to this point That upon the same capitulations which few daies before were exhibited up in writing a truce should be made and hereupon was both the money and also the hostages received Whiles the tyrant was besieged and assailed there came post upon post to Argos that Lacedaemon was at the point of being lost whereupon the Argives tooke such heart and courage unto them by reason that Pythagoras with the best part of the garrison souldiers was departed before out of their towne that contemning the small number which remained in their fortresse under the leading of one Archippus they expelled the rest of the garison As for Timocrates of Pellene their captaine because hee had behaved himselfe in his charge and government gently mildly they sent him away alive with safe conduct At the very instant of this joyfull occurrent T. Quintius arrived after he had granted peace to the tyrant sent away from Lacedaemon Eumenes and the Rhodians together with L. Quintius his brother to the fleet The citie of Argos in great joy proclaimed the celebration of their most solemne feast and those so famous and renowmed games and pastimes called Nemea against the comming of the Romane army and their Generall which they had forelet upon the ordinarie time and day by occasion of the troubles of warre And for the honour of Quintius they ordained him to bee the overseer of these solemnities Many things there were to redouble and increase this their joy and solace to the full The citizens were reduced from Lacedaemon whome Pythagoras of late Nabis aforetime had carried away They also were returned home againe who had fled and escaped after the conspiracie of Pythagoras was detected the massacre begun Now they saw their libertie againe whereof they had lost the sight along time now they beheld the Romans the authors thereof and who for their sakes were induced to take armes and enterprise â—he warre with the tyrant Also upon the very day of the Nemean games the libertie of the Argives was published and proclaimed by the voice of the publicke beadle and crier of the cittie But looke how much joy and hearts content the Achaeans conceived in their common and generall counsell of all Achaea for the restoring of Argos into their auncient freedome so much troubled they were againe in regard that Lacedemon was left still in servitude and the tyrant so neer unto them readie ever to pricke their sides whereby their joy was not so found and entire But the Aetolians in all their Diets inveighed mightily against this saying That the Romanes never gave over the war with Philip before hee had abandoned all the cities of Greece as for Lacedemon it was left still under a tyrant and in the meane while the lawfull and
would you have said then quoth he if your hap had been to have vanquished me Marrie then saith he I would have set my selfe before Alexander before Pyrrhus and before all other Among other prodigious sights whereof there were reported very many it is said that in the yeare wherein Cn. Demitius was Consull an exe spake and said these words ROME LOOKE TO THY SELFE The Romanes prepare to warre with Antiochus Nabis the tyrant of the Lacedaemonians provoked by the Aetolians who sollicited both Philip and also Antiochus to wage warre against the people of Rome revolted from the Romanes and after hee had levied warre against Philopamen Pretour of the Achaans was by the Aetolians slaine The Aetolians likewise abandoned the friendship of the people of Rome with whom Antiochus king of Syria banded who warred upon Greece and surprised many cities and namely Chalcis and Euboea among the rest Besides this booke contameth the martiall affaires in Liguria and the preparation of Antiochus for the warres IN the beginning of that yeere wherein these affaires thus passed Sext. Digitius Pretor in high Spain fought battels rather ordinarie and for number many than otherwise memorable and worth the speaking against those States whereof after the departure of Cato a great sort had rebelled And those battels for the most part were so unfortunat that hardly he could deliver up to his successour the one halfe of those souldiours which he had received And doubtlesse all Spaine would have taken heart againe if the other Pretour P. Cornelius Scipio the sonne of Cneus had not sped better in many of his conflicts beyond Iberus Vpon which terrour no fewer than fiftie good townes revolted unto him And these exploits performed Scipio as Pretour Who also in qualitie of Propretour encountred the Lusitanes upon the way as they returned homeward charged with a mightie great bootie raised out of the base Spaine which they had utterly pilled and spoiled where hee fought from the third houre of the day unto the eight with doubtfull event For number of soldiours he was inferiour to his enemies but for all things else he had the vauntage and went beyond them For his battaillons were wel appointed and close compacted of armed men and so he charged upon the enemies marching in a long traine and the same encombred with a deale of cattell besides his souldiours were fresh and in heart whereas the other were wearied with long travell For the enemies set forth at the third watch and besides their night journey they had marched three houres also of the day and without any repose or rest at all they came to a conflict presently upon their travell on the way And therefore at the beginning of the battell so long as they were in any heart and their strength served they troubled and disordered the Romanes with the first charge they gave but afterwards for a while they came to be equall in fight In which hazard of doubtfull issue the Propretour vowed to set forth certaine solemne games to the honour of Iupiter in case he might discomfit the enemies and kill them in chase At the length the Romanes advaunced forward more hotely and the Lusitanes reculed yea and anone turned their backes quite And when as in this traine of victorie the Romanes pursued them hard in the tout there were of the enemies slaine upon twelve thousand five hundred and fortie taken prisoners all in manner horsemen and of militarie ensignes they caried away one hundred thirtie and foure Of the Romane armie seventie and three onely were lost This battell was fought not far from the citie Ilipa And thither brought P. Cornelius his victorious armie enriched with prey pillage Which was laid all abroad before the towne and everyman had leave giuen to challenge and claim his owne All the rest was given to the Treasurer for to be sold and the monie raised therof was parted among the souldiours Now had not C. Flaminius the Pretour as yet taken his leave of Rome when these things fell out in Spaine and therefore both he and his friends talked and discoursed much upon these occurrents both good and bad and forasmuch as a great warre in his province was broken out to a light fire and himselfe was to receive from Sext. Digitius but a small remnant of an armie and the same timorous still full of fright as not wel recovered of their former flight he had assaied to bring about that the Senate would assigne unto him one of the citie-legions to the end that when he had joined thereto those souldiors which himselfe had enrolled according to an order set downe by the Senate he might out of all that number chuse forth sixe thousand and five hundred footmen and three hundred horsemen With which legion for in the armie of Sext. Digitius he reposed small confidence he minded to make warre The auncient Senatours denied and said That acts of the Senate were not to bee made upon every flying tale and report set abroad and blased by some particular persons in favor of magistrates Neither would they hold anything for certaine but that which either the Pretours themselves wrote out of the provinces or embassadours sent of purpose related And if there were any such commotion trouble in Spain they were of advise that the Pretour should levie in hast without Italie such tumultuarie souldiors as in that case were usually taken up The intent and mind of the Senat was that soldiers should in that sort be prest out in Spaine Valerius Antias writeth that C. Flaminius both sailed into Sicilie to levie and muster men and also as he made saile from Sicilie toward Spain was by wind and tempest put with the shore of Africk where he found certeine souldiers dispersed over the countrey remaining of the armie of P. Africanus of whom he tooke a militarie oth to serve him in his warres and that to these levies raised in two provinces he joyned also a third in Spaine The warre of the Ligurians likewise grew as fast for they had alreadie besieged and invested Pisae with fortie thousand men and thither resorted and flocked dayly unto them great multitudes as well for hope of pillage as upon the bruit and rumor that went of the warre Minutius the Consull came at the day appointed to Arretium which was the Rendezvous where he had commaunded all his souldiours to meete him from whence he marched with a fouresquare Battailon toward Pisae And when the enemies had removed their camp a mile from the citie on the other side of the river the Consull entred the towne which no doubt by his comming he preserved The next day himselfe also encamped on the other side of the river almost halfe a mile from the enemies from which place he made light skirmishes with them and saved the territorie of his allies from the excursions and robberies of the enemies Hee durst not as yet try a battaile in pitched field as having but raw and new
the fidelitie of the Romans so often tried so often knowen and approoved For whereas they say It is your best course not to be imbarked and interessed in this warre I assure you there is nothing more vaine than this nay nothing so hurtfull unto your estate For you shall be a prize and prey to the victour without thank of either part without any worth and reputation Quintius was thought by the Achaeans to have spoken not impertinently but to have answered them both fully and an easie matter it was to approove his speech unto those that were well enough enclined to have given him gentle hearing for ther was no question nor doubt at all but that everyman would judge them to be friends or enemies to the Achaean nation whom the Romans held for theirs yea and would conclude in the end of an act to denounce warre both against Antiochus the Aetolians Moreover according as Quintius thought good they sent presently an aid of 500 soldiers to Chalcis and of as many to Pyraeeum For at Athens there had like to have ben a sedition mutinie whiles some drew the multitude which commonly is bought and sold for mony to take part with Antiochus upon hope of large rewards great bounties untill such time as Quintius was sent for by them that took part with the Romans in so much as Apollodorus who gave counsell persuaded to revolt was accused by one Leon and being condemned was banished Thus verily the embassage returned from the Achaeans to the king with heavie answer The Boeotians delivered no certaintie this only was their answer That when Antiochus himselfe was come into Baeotia then they would consider and consult what they were best to do Antiochus being advertised that both the Achaeans and king Eumenes also had sent men for the defence of Chalcis thought good to make hast that his forces might not onely prevent them but also if it were possible receive them and cut them short as they came And for this intent hee sent Menippus with three thousand souldiors or thereabout and Polyxenidas with his whole fleet Himselfe a few daies after marched with sixe thousand of his owne souldiors and of that levie which on a suddaine might be gathered at Lamia no great number of Aetolians Those five hundred Achaeans aforesaid and the small aid that king Eumenes sent under the conduct of Xenoclides the Chaleidian having safely passed Euripus before that the waies and passages were beset arrived at Chalcis The Romanes also who were upon five hundred at what time as Menippus encamped before Salganea came to Hermeum where is the advenue out of Boeotia into the Iland of Eubaea In their companie was Miction sent as Embassadour from Chalcis to Quintius for to crave some succour who perceiving that the waies were laid and the streights kept by the enemies leaving his intended journey by the way of Aulis turned to Delium minding from thence to cut over into Eubaea This Delium is a temple of Apollo situate upon the sea strond and five miles distant from Tanagra from whence there is a short cut little more than a league over an arme of the sea unto the next parts of Euboea In this temple and sacred grove about it so religious so priviledged and secured as are those franchised houses and sanctuaries which the Greekes call Asyla and at that time when neither warre was proclaimed or at leastwise not so farre proceeded as that in the hearing and knowledge of any man there had been sword drawne or bloud shead in any place In this place and at this time I say whiles the souldiours wandered at their leisure and pleasure some gone to see the temple abovesaid and the grove others walking upon the strond unarmed and a great sort also of them scattered over the fields such as were gone for forrage and sewell all on a suddain Menippus finding them loose and disbanded charged upon them and slew them and to the number of fiftie hee tooke alive very few escaped among whom was Mictio who got into a small vessell of merchandise This occurrent as it troubled and disquieted Quintius and the Romanes for the losse of their souldiours so it seemed much to encrease the right of their just quarell to make warre upon Antiochus Antiochus having advaunced his armie and approched Aulis after hee had once again addressed Orators partly of his owne subjects and partly Aetolians to Chalcis for to follow those causes which of late he had commensed but in more minatorie tearms now prevailed easily notwithstanding Mictio and Xenoclides laboured to the contrarie that the gates should be set open unto him All those that were for the Romans abandoned the citie a little before the kings comming The souldiours of Achaea and king Eumenes kept Salganea The Romane souldiours also who were but few fortified and made a sconce upon the water of Euripus to be a defence for the passage Menippus began to assaile Salganea and the king himselfe to set upon the sort of Euripus aforesaid The Achaeans and the souldiours of Eumenes first grew to composition and having capitulated to depart without any harme quit their place of garrison The Romanes held out longer and stoutly defended the hold of Euripus but even they also being so streightly invested both by land and water and seeing now the ordinance and engines of batterie brought and readie to bee planted against them would no longer endure the siege VVhen as now the king had possessed himselfe of the head citie of Euboea all the other citties of that Island refused not to submit and come under his subjection And hee thought hee had made a good beginning and entrance in this warre in that so great an Island and so many citties commodiously seated and of such importance were reduced under his obeisance THE XXXVI BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the sixe and thirtith Booke MArcus Acilius Glabrio the Consull with the aid of king Philip vanquished king Antiochus neere to Thermopyle drave him out of Greece He also subdued the Aetolians P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica the Consull reputed and iudged by the Senate the best man in the citie dedicated the temple of the mother of the gods whom himselfe had brought into the Palatium He also when he had overcome the Boians tooke them upon surrender to his protection and triumphed over them Over and besides here are set downe the prosperous battailes fought at sea against the admirals and captaines of king Antiochus SO soone as P. Cornelius Scipio the sonne of Cneus and M. Acilius Glabrio the two Consuls were entred into their magistracie the LL. of the Senate enjoined them before any speech and question moved as touching the provinces to sacrifice greater beasts in all those temples wherin the custome was for the more part of the yeare to celebrate the solemnitie of Lectisternes and to make their praiers
nor any that had authoritie to give their opinion in the Senate neither any inferior magistrates should take any journey out of thecitie farther than they might make returne againe the same day Item that there should not be five Senatours absent at once from Rome C. Livius the Pretour whiles he used all diligence and care to prepare and provide his fleete was impeached and hindered a time by occasion of a debate and contention that arose betweene him and the Coloners of the sea side For when they should be gathered and sent to sea they appealed to the Tribunes of the Com. from whom they were put over and referred to the Senate and the Senate with one voyce and accord pronounced and determined that these Coloners were not exempted from sea-service The Colonies that contended with the Pretour about their immunitie were these Hostia Fregena Castrum novum Pyrgi Antium Tarracina Minturnae and Sinuessa This done the Consull Acilius by order from the Senate consulted with the colledge of the Feciales or Heraults at Armes and demaunded their advise Whether the warre should be proclaimed and defiance geven to Antiochus himselfe in person or it were sufficient to intimate and denounce the same to some one of his garisons Also whether they would advise to proclaime warre against the Aetolians apart by themselves or whether it were not meete and convenient first to disclame and renounce their societie and friendship and then to proclaime and denounce hostility The Fecials answered that heretofore they had determined and cleered this point at what time as their opinion was asked as touching Philip to wit That it was all one and made no matter whether the defiance were given him to his face or only intimated to some garison of his And as for the Aetolians this was their mind that they had quit alreadie their amitie and abandoned all societie in that when our embassadors so oftentimes had redemaunded amends for wrongs done they never thought good to make restitution or satisfaction Moreover the Aetolians had themselves sent defiance first and proclaimed warre against the Romanes when as by force they seized Demetrias a citie of our allies and advaunced before Chalcis to assaile it both by land and sea and lastly in that they had sollicited king Antiochus and brought him into Europe for to levie warre against the Romanes All things now being sufficiently provided M. Acilius the Consull published an Edict and proclaimed That all those souldiours whom L. Quintius had enrolled likewise all those whom he had levied of the allies of the Latine nation who were to go with him into his province likewise all the Colonels and Marshals of the second and third legion should render themselves and be readie altogether at Brundusium upon the Ides of May following Himself upon the fifth day before the Nones of the same moneth departed forth of the citie clad in his rich cote of armes And at the same time the Pretors also tooke their journeys into their severall provinces Much about that time there arrived at Rome embassadors from two kings to wit Philip of Macedonie and Ptolomae king of Aegypt promising their aid of men money and corne for that warre And besides from Ptolomaeus there was brought 1000 pound weight in gold and the weight of 2000 pound in silver howbeit nothing was received but much thanks rendered to both the kings And whereas both of them offred to come with all their power into Aetolia and to be there in person Ptolomae was discharged of that offer of his but the Embassadors of Philip received this answere That he should highly please and content the people of Rome in case he would not faile the Consull M. Atilius In like manner there came Embassadours from the Carthaginians and Masanissa The Carthaginians made promise of a thousand Modij of Wheate and of Barley five hundred thousand for the armie and likewise to bring halfe so much to Rome praying the Romanes to accept the same at their hands as a free gift and gratuitie adding moreover that they would man our a fleete at their owne charges and were readie also to make one entire payment of the tribute behind which they were of dutie to pay by sundry termes of many yeeres The Embassadors of Masanissa promised in the behalfe of their king to send five hundred thousand Modij of wheate and 300000 thousand of barley into Greece to the armie besides 500 men of armes and twentie Elephants unto M. Acilius the Cos. As touching the corne this answere was returned unto them that they were content to accept thereof so that they would take money therefore to the worth As to the fleete aforesaid which the Carthaginians made offer of they acquit them cleane save as many ships as they were to find provide according to the tenure of the accord and composition between them Last of all concerning the tribute money none would they receive before the day Whiles the affaires passed thus at Rome Antiochus being at Chalcis because he would not sit still and do nothing all a winter time partly himselfe sollicited by sending his embassadors the minds of the States and partly also there came unto him embassadors from thence of their owne accord and namely among others the Epirots presented themselves by the common consent of their whole nation and the Eleans also came out of Peloponnesus They of Elis craved aid against the Achaeans who they verily thought would first take armes against their citie because war was denounced against Antiochus nothing to their will and good liking Vnto them were sent 1000 footemen under the leading of Euphanes the Cretensian The embassage of the Epirotes plaid with both hands meaning to deale roundly simply with no side but to go between the bark the tree Gladly they would make court to the king and curry favor with him but so as they stood in good termes still with the Romanes whom they were loth to offend For their request to him was that he would not draw them without great and important cause into the quarell considering that they for the defense of all Greece lay open exposed to Italy and were sure before others to feele the Romanes fingers and receive their first assaults But in case he were able of himselfe with his forces by land and sea to defend Epirus and furnish it with garisons sufficient they would with hart and good will accept of him and his into their cities port-townes but if so be he could not effect that they besought him not to offer them naked and unarmed men to the violence of the Romane warres Their drift was in this their embassie as it appeered that if the king and his forces came not into Epirus as they rather thought nay then yea they might reserve themselves and all they had safe entier and at their owne libertie for the Romane armies and win withall the kings good grace in that they seemed to
The Aetolians that were within the castle could neither abide at the first the shout of those that had seized the cliffe nor afterwards the assault of the Romans from the citie both for that their hearts sailed them were daunted alreadie and also because they were unprovided of all necessaries for to endure any long siege assault considering that women children all the other impotent multitude unmeet to beate arms wer gotten thither in so great numbers that the place was hardly able to receive conteine much lesse to keepe maintaine them and therefore at the first assault they cast downe their weapons and yeelded Among other principall personages of the Aetolians Damocritus also was delivered hee who in the beginning of the war when T. Iuintius desired to see a copie of the Decree of the Aetolians for the sending for Antiochus answered That he would shew it him in Italie when the Aetolians lay there encamped For this proud speech of his the Romanes now conquerours were the gladder that they had gotten him into their hands During the time that the Romanes assailed Heraclea Philip also besieged and battered Lamia according as it was before agreed between them for neere unto Thermopylae at what time as the Consull returned out of Baeotia he met with him of purpose to signifie his joy in the behalfe of him and the people of Rome for their atchieved victorie and also to excuse himselfe by occasion of sicknes that he was not present with him in person in the managing of the wars From thence they patted asunder and took divers waies for to assault these two cities as I said both at once and distant they were one from the other neere 7 miles And for as much as Lamia was seated upon an hill therfore the town discovered and overlooked all the country about but especially on that side toward Heraclea where by reason that it seemeth a lesse compasse it representeth a full prospect to the eye When as the Romans and Macedonians laboring a vie and striving who could doe better were day and night emploied either about their fabricks and pioners worke or else in skirmish and fight the Macedonians found more difficultie than they in this respect that the Romans were busied in platforms mantilers works all above ground but the Macedonians were put to undermine and oftentimes as it falleth out in such stonie craggie ground they met with hard flints rags not minable and such as no yron or steel-toole was able to touch and pierce The king seeing little good done by this meanes and his enterprise going but slowly forward began to sound the townesmen and to tempt them to render the citie using the mediation therein of their chiefe citizens whome he parled withall for this reckoning he made that if Heraclea were forced before it they within the citie would sooner yeeld unto the Romans than to him and so the Consull should win all the thanke to himselfe for levying the siege And nothing was he short of his count for imme diately upon the winning of Heraclea a messenger came unto him from the Consull willing him to surcease the assault and the siege alledging it was more reason that the Romane souldiours who had fought in raunged battell with the Aetolians should have the reward and recompence of the victorie By this means Lamia was abandoned and by the ruine of Heraclea her neighbour citie avoided and escaped the like calamitie of her owne Some few daies before that Heraclea was woon the Aetolians having assembled a Diet at Hypata addressed Embassadours unto Antiochus and Thoas among the rest even hee who aforetime had beene sent unto him His commission and charge was first To request the king that once againe hee would rallie his forces as well by land as at sea and in person passe over into Greece secondly If any other important affaires hindred him yet that hee would send unto them both men and money For as it touched his Highnesse in honour reputation and credit not to see his allies abandoned so it made for the safegard and securitie of his owne realme and royall estate not to suffer the Romanes after they had once deffeited the Aetolians to saile over into Asia at their ease and pleasure with all their forces These were no seigned devises but true remonstances indeed and therefore prevailed the more with the king Whereupon hee delivered money presently to the Embassadours sufficient to destray the charges of the warre and promised certeinly to send men to serve both by land and sea Thoas alone of all the Embassadours hee kept still with him who was not himselfe unwilling to stay behind because hee might be ever at hand to call upon the king for to persorme his word and behest But the winning of Heraclea killed the hearts cleane of the Aetolians in the end and within few daies after that they had dispatched their Embassadours into Asia about the renewing of the warre and sending for the king they laid apart all designments of armes and addressed their Oratours unto the Romanes to crave peace Who as they began to make some speech the Consull cut them off and said he had other matters of greater importance to thinke upon and to dispatch and commaunded them to content themselves with a truce for ten daies and to returne to Hypata and with them he sent L. Valerius Flaccus unto whom they should declare those things that they were about to deliver unto him and whatsoever else they had to say When they were arrived at Hypata the chiefe and principall Aetolians assembled themselves in the lodging of Flaccus consulting with him what course they were to take in their treatie with the Consull And when they went in hand to alledge the auncient rights of the leagues and to lay abroad their good demerits and what they had done for the Romanes Flaccus bad them lay a straw there and speake no more of the priviledge of those covenants and accords which they themselves had broken shewing unto them that they should speed better and gaine more by a simple consession of their trespasse and in recourse oâ—ely to praier and humble supplication for as much as all the hope they might have of safetie rested not in their owne desert and goodnesse of their cause but in the meere clemencie and mercie of the people of Rome promising for his part to assist them and second their petitions as well to the Consull as the Senate of Rome since that thither also they must of necessitie send an embassage This way seemed to them all the best simply for their safetie namely to put themselves to the disposition and devotion of the Romanes for they supposed by this meanes to drive the Romanes for very shame to have regard of them and not to offer hurt or violent outrage to them comming in the habit of poore suppliants and yet withall if any opportunitie of better fortune should in the meane time offer
leave the rest and depart wherupon causing an Oyez and silence to be made from an high turret in the fore-castle of the admirall Arise my hearts saith hee and see a pleasant sight yonder and a goodly spectacle So they all arose at once and beheld how the enemies were afraid and what poore shift they made in hast to flie and with one voice they all in a manner cryed out to follow after pursue them Now Eudamus his owne ship was shaken in many places and sore brused whereupon he commaunded Pamphilidas and Chariclitus to make way after them so farre forth as they thought they might without danger And for a good time they held them in chace but seeing Anniball approching neere the shore and fearing least the wind would locke them within the enemies coast they returned toward Eudamus and drew along with them the great galleare which they tooke and which at the first encounter was peirced and with much adoe trained it to Phaselis From thence they retired themselves to Rhodes not so joyous for this victorie as blaming one another that they had not either sunke or taken the whole fleete of the enemies having so good meanes as they had to doe it Anniball daunted with this one infortunate battell durst not even then passe along the river of Lycia but desired to joyne unto the old fleet of the kings as soone as possibly hee could To impeach him for effecting that the Rhodians set out Chariclitus and twenty war ships with piked stems toward Patara and the port of Megiste and commaunded Eudmus to returne unto the Romanes to Samos with seven of the tallest ships in all that fleet whereof he had the commaund to the end that hee might induce the Romanes with his counsell and advise yea and with all the countenance and authoritie that he had force them to lay siege unto Patara and to assault it The Romanes tooke great joy and contentment first at the news and report of this victory and afterwards at the returne of the Rhodians And it seemed if that one city stood not in their way to stay them and that they were once rid of that care they would without any let and empeachment make all the sea coasts sure enough for any daunger and domage from those quarters But because Antiochus was departed from Sardis the Romanes held them backe and would not suffer them to abandon the guard and defence of Aeolis and Ionia for feare least the cities upon the sea side might be surprised And so they sent Pamphilidas with four covered ships to the fleet that lay about Patara Antiochus gathered together not only the garrisons and aids of all the cities that were about him but also addressed his embassadours with letters to Prusias the king of Birthynia wherein he gave out hard words of the Romanes for their passage into Asia namely That their comming only was for this to demolish put downe and overthrew all kingdoms to set up the only Romane Empire that none els might stand in the whole world That Philip and Nabu already were subdued and deposed and now himselfe was to make the third against whome they were come Neither would they make an end there but goe on still like a continuall fire that burneth forward and take all afore them and ever as they vanquished one proceed to another that is next And no doubt they would make a bridge of him to passe onward into Bithynia now that Eumenus hath gently taken upon his necke the yoke of voluntary servitude Prusias was somewhat touched with these letters but when there came others written from Scipio the Consull and his brother Africanus especially he was wholly averted from enterteining any such suspition For Africanus besides the continuall custome that the people of Rome had to advaunce and amplifie the majesty of KK their allies and consederates with all kind of honour alledged for his part the domesticall examples of his owne house and family inducing Prusias thereby to enter into a desire to-win his love and friendship For he discoursed and said That those princes and pettie KK in Spaine whome he had received into his protection he left behind him when hee went away mightie monarkes also that he not only had placed and established Masanissa in his fathers realme and throne but setled him in the kingdome also of Syphax who before had chased and expelled him so as now he was not only the richest potentate and most wealthy king of all Affricke but also for majestie puissant forces a paragon equall to any other king in the whole world As for Philip and Nabis enemies they were and vanquished by T. Quintius howbeit they remained kings afterwards within their owne realmes And Philip verify the yeere that is past had his tribute forgiven him and his sonne an hostage delivered unto him yea and some cities without the dominion of Macedonie have received him as their king and the Romane Generals have winked thereat and beene contented And surely Nabis had beene likewise graced and honoured but for his owne peevish folly first and the faiterous falshood afterwards of the Aetolians which was his utter undoing and overthrow But the chief thing of all that most confirmed the mind of King Prusias was the comming of Livius vnto him in embassage from Rome he who aforetime in qualitie of Pretour had been Admirall of the navie Who shewed and declared unto him how the hope of victory was much more assured to the Romanes than to king Antiochus and withall how the Romanes would be the faster and surer friend of the twaine yea and make more conscience of keeping amitie Antiochus being put besides all hope of the association with Prusias departed to Ephesus from Sardis to visite and see the fleet which for certaine moneths had been rigged and in readinesse this he did the rather because he saw that hee could not hold out with the Romane armie and the two Scipioes the commaunders thereof than for that his sea-service in itselfe at any time before sped well or could assure him now of great certaine successe Yet some little dram he had of good hope for the present in that his intelligence was that a great part of the Rhodian fleet was about Patara and king Eumenes also with all his own ships departed into Hellespontus to meet with the Consull Besides this in some measure his spirit was puffed up with the remembrance how the Rhodian Armada had beene defeated at Samos by a cautelous plot and practice contrived before hand Having laid these conceits for a ground he sent Polyxenidas away with the navie to hazard the fortune of a battell in some fort or other it made no matter how whiles himselfe in person led his whole armie to Notium a towne of the Colophonians seated upon the sea and distant about two miles from the auncient citie Colophon The citie it selfe he had a good mind to conquer and bring in subjection unto him
through and gotten in made the more bloody carnage amongst them for very anger and despight that they had kept them foorth so long It is said that there were slaine that day about fiftie thousand footmen and 4000 horsmen 1400 taken pisoners together with fifteene elephants with their governours A number of the Romanes were hurt and wounded but there dyed not iu the field above 300 footmen and 24 horsemen and of the regiment of king Eumenes not past five and twentie And for that day verily the conquerours after they had ransacked only the tents and pavillions of their enemies returned to their owne camp with great plentie of pillage but the next morrow they fell to spoiling the bodies of the dead and gathered their prisoners togither And upon this victory there came embassadours from Thyatira and Magnesia unto Sypilus for to surrender and deliver up their cities Antiochus who fled accompanied with some few having gathered unto him many more in the way who rallied themselves unto him arrived at Sardis about midnight with a small power of armed men and hearing that his sonne Selencus and some other of his friends were gone before to Apamea himselfe also at the fourth watch departed thence with his wife and daughter toward Apamea after hee had committed the charge of guarding the citie Sardis unto Zeno and appointed Timon governour of Lydia But the inhabitants of the said city and the garrison souldiours within the castle despised these governors and by generall consent addressed embassadors unto the Consull Much about the same time also there arrived embassadors from Tralles and Magnesia which standeth upon the river Maeander and likewise from Ephesus to yeeld up their cities For Polyxenidas advertised of the issue of this battaile had abandoned Ephesus and having sailed with the fleet as farre as Patara in Lycia for feare of the Rhodian ships which rid in guard within the harbour of Megiste disbarked and put himselfe a shore and with a small company marched by land into Syria The cities of Asia were surrendred into the hands and protection of the Consull and submitted to the people of Rome By this time now was the Consull possessed of Sardis and thither repaired unto him Scipio from Elaea so soone as ever hee could endure the travell of journey At the same time there came an herald from Antiochus unto the Consull who by the mediation of Scipio made request and obteined thus much That the king might send his oratours and embassadours unto him And after few daies Zeusis who had beene governour of Lydia together with Antipater Antiochus his nephew or brothers sonne arrived Who first dealt with king Eumenes and communed with him whome by reason of old jarres and quarels they supposed verily to be the greatest enemy unto peace and that he would never abide to heare therof but him they found more reasonable and enclining to peaceable tearmes than either the king their master or themselves hoped looked for So by the means of Scipio him togither they had accesse unto the Consull who at their earnest petition graunted them a day of audience in a frequent assembly there to declare their commission what they had in charge Then quoth Zeusis we are not so much to speake and deliver ought of our owneselves as to aske and be advised of you Romanes what course to take and by what meanes of satisfaction we might expiate and satisfie the trespasse of the king our master and withall obteine grace and pardon at your hands who are the victours Your manner alwayes hath beene of a magnanimous and hautie spirit to forgive kings and nations by you vanquished How much more then is it decent and beseeming you to doe the like yea and with a greater mind and more generous and bountifull heart in this victory and conquest which hath made you LL. of the whole world For now it behooveth you to lay downe all debate and quarrell with mortall men here upon earth and rather like the immortall gods in heaven to provide for the good and safety of mankind and them to pardon and forgive Now was it agreed upon before the comming of the Embassadours what answere to make unto them and likewise thought good it was that Africanus should deliver the same who spake by report in this wise Wee Romanes of all those things which are in the power of the immortall gods have that measure which they vouchsafed to geve us as for heart and courage which dependeth upon out owne will and mind wee have borne and ever will the same without chaunge and alteration in all fortunes neither hath prosperitie raysed and lift it up aloft nor adversitie debased and put it downe For proofe hereof I might produce your friend Anniball as witnesse to say nothing of others but that I can report mee to your owne selves For after wee had passed over Hellespont even before wee saw the kings campe and armie when the hazard of warre was indifferent when the issue doubtfull and uncertaine looke what conditions of peace wee then offered on even hand and whiles we were equall one unto the other and stood upon tearmes of advauntage the same and no other wee present unto you at this time now that wee are conquerours Forbeare to meddle within Europe depart wholly out of Asia so much as in on this side Taurus Moreover in regard of the expenses defraied in this warre yee shall pay fifteene thousand Talents of silver according to the computation of Euboea five hundred in hand two thousand and five hundred at the assurance making of the peace by the Senat and people of Rome and a thousand talents yeerely for twelve yeeres next ensuing Also yee shall make paiment unto Euments of foure hundred talents and the remnant behind of the corne and graine which was due unto his father And when wee have contracted and concluded these covenants to the end that we may rest assured that ye will performe the same we demaund for a gage and sufficient pawne that yee deliver into our hands twentie hostages such as wee shall like well of and chuse And for as much as wee can never bee persuaded that the people of Rome shall enjoy long peace there where Anniball is we demaund above all things to have him in our custodie Also you shall deliver into our hands Thoas the Aetolian the principall authour and firebrand of the war with the Aetolians who caused you to take armes against us upon assurance that he gave you of them and likewise armed them upon the trust they had in you Item together with him you shall deliver Mnasimachus the Acarnanian togither with Philo Eubulidas the Chalcidians The king shall now contract peace in worse estate than he was by reason that he maketh it later than hee might have done But in case he hold off still and delay know he well thus much That the roiall majesty and port of kings is with more difficultie abated and
and expedition and also to graunt a triumph to the Generall He triumphed upon the last of Februarie even the very day that maketh the leape yeere This triumph of his was much greater than that other of his brothers in regard of the magnificent pomp and shew represented to the eye but if one call to mind the substance of the things themselves and compare the dangers the conflicts and difficulties of the one warre with the other there is no more equalitie betweene them than if a man should in comparison of captaine with captaine set Antiochus to match with Anniball He shewed in triumph two hundreth th irtie foure field ensignes and standerds hee caried before him the portraicts of two hundreth thirtie foure townes and cities a hundreth thirtie four teeth of yvorie two hundreth thirtie foure crownes of gold 237300 pounds weight of silver 234000 Attick tetradrachmes 331070 cistophores 140000 Philip-peeces of gold of silver plate and that was all graven and chased a thousand foure hundred twentie foure pound weight of golden plate as much as weighed 1024 pound Moreover there were led before his chariot thirtie two great commaunders either gouernors of provinces under the king or attendant in his court Every souldier serving on foot had given unto him 25 deniers every centurion had double so much and the gentlemen or knights triple After the triumph done the souldiours had their pay double in money yea and the portion of corne likewise was doubled He had moreover geven them alreadie a double proportion in Asia presently upon the end of the battaile A yeere it was almost after his Consulship expired ere he triumphed And much about one and the same time both Cn. Manlius the Consull entred into Asia and Q. Fabius Labeo the Pretour repaired to the fleet Moreover the Consull had worke enough and wanted not matter of warre within Fraunce The seas were quiet after that Antiochus was defeated and subdued Fabius therefore studied which way to take and how to employ himselfe and his forces at sea because he would not be thought and reputed idle in his province so hee resolved at length to put over with his fleet into Crete Now they of Cydon warred at that time against the Gortynians and the Guosians and the voice went that there was a great number of Romanes and Italians captives living in slaverie and bondage in every quarter of that yland Hee loosed therefore from Ephesus and set saile for Candie and so soone as he was arrived and set a land hee sent his messengers about to the cities willing them to abandon their armour and surcease from warre and to search and seeke up throughout all their cities and territories those captives and prisoners aforesaid and to bring them to him and moreover to send their embassadours or agents with whome hee would treat concerning the affaires that in common touched as well the Candiots as the Romanes The ylanders made small regard of these his messages and unlesse it were the Gortynians there was not one that delivered the captives Valerius Antias hath recorded That out of the whole yland there were rendered to the number of foure thousand because the inhabitants were frighted with threats of warre And that this was the cause why Fabius although he performed no other exploit obteined of the Senat a navall triumph From Crete Fabius returned to Ephesus from whence hee set forth three ships to the coast of Thracia and commaunded that the garrisons of Antiochus should quit Aenus and Marona to the end that those cities likewise might be set free and enfranchised THE XXXVIII BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the eight and thirtith Booke Marcus Fulvius the Consull besieged the Ambracians in Epirus and received them upon composuion to mercie He subdued Cephalenia vanquished brought under his subicction the Aetolians and made peace with them The Consull Cn. Manlius his colleague overcame the Gallogreekes the Tolistobogians the Tectosages and the Trocmians who were passed overinto Asia under the conduct of Brennus the only people that within the mountaine Taurus yeelded not obedience to the Romanes Their first beginning and rising is set down also the time when as they seized first of those places which they hold Here is recounted also the example of the rare valour and chastitie of a woman who being the wise of a certaine king of the Gallogreekes chaunced to be taken prisoner and when a Centurion had faced and abused her body shee killed him with her owne hands The Censors held a sissing of the citie in which by computation were numbred 258328 pols of Romane citizens Amitie was contracted with Ariarathes king of Cappadocia Cn. Manlius triumphed over the Gallogreekes not withstanding the contradiction of those ten Commissioners by whose advise and assistance he had articled and engrossed the accord and alliances with Antiochus and pleaded his owne cause 〈◊〉 in the Senate against them Scipio africanus was indicted as some say by Quintus Petilius Acteus a Tribune of the Commoners as others by Navius For that he had defrauded the citie chamber of some part of the pillage which 〈◊〉 from Antiochus When the day was come that he should make his answere hee was called up to the publicke pulpit and place of audience and with a loud voice said unto the people My masters you that are citizens of Rome This very 〈◊〉 hâ—â—â— I wâ—m Carthage and with that hee ascended up into the Capitoll and the people accompanied him thither and 〈◊〉 thence because hee would avoid these hard and iniurious courses of the Tribunes and be no more tormented with 〈◊〉 he retired himselfe to Litoâ—um as it were into voluntary exile and whether be ended his dayes there or at Rome it is not well known for his â—â—mbe and monument was to be scene in both places L. Scipio Asiaticus the brother of Aâ—â—â—â—â—us was accused of the same crime of embezeling the publicke treasure and robbing the common-weale and thereof condemned but as he was led to prison and should have beene laid up in bonds and yrons Tib. Sempronius Grachus a Tribune of the Commons who before-time had beene an adversarie and enemie unto the Scipioes interposed himselfe and rescued him and for that pleasure done he tooke to wife the daughter of Africanus When the Pretour sent the treasurers of the citie to seize upon all his goods for the use of the citie so fare off they were from finding any remnant or toâ—â—â— of the kings riches and money that they could not meet with as much as would satisfie the fine wherein hee was condemned And when his kinsfolke and friends had contributed and raised an infinite masse of money for him he would not receive the same and as much onely was redeemed and bought againe as might serve for his necessities to find and maintaine him DVring the time of the warres in Asia the affaires also
part of his forces would be of no puissance to withstand them But the Consull supposed that it was much out of his way that Eunienes should be absent for then he was at Rome who knew the countries was acquainted with the nature of the people and whome it imported and concerned very much that the power of the Gaules should be enseebled and abated And therefore he sent for Attalus his brother from Pergamus and exhorted him to enter into action with him and take arms And when Attalus had made promise to aid him both in his person and with all the power that he could make he sent him into his country to levie soldiors After some few dayes when the Consullwas departed from Ephesus Attalus accompanied with a regiment of a thousand foot and two hundred horse met him at Magnesia and had given order to his brother Athenaeus to follow after with the rest of the forces having committed the guard and government of Pergamus and the kingdome to those whom he knew to be fast and faithfull to his brother and himselfe The Consull after he had praised and commended the young gentleman marched forward with his whole power as farre as Maeander and there encamped because it was not possible to passe the river at any fourd and therefore boats and barges were to bee gotten together for to serrie and transport the armie When they were set over the river they went to Hiera Come where there was a magnificent and stately temple of Apollo and an Oracle in it And by report the priests and prophets there deliver the responds and answeres of the Oracle in verses those not rudely composed without rhithme meeter From hence they removed at two daies end arrived at the river Harpasus and thither were embassadors come from the Alabandians requesting the Consull either by vertue of his authoritie or by force of armes to compell one of their fortresses which lately had revolved from them rebelled to return against to their former obedience And hither Atheneus also brother to Eumenes and Attalus was come together with Leusus the Candiot and Corragus the Macedonian bringing with them 1000 foot and 300 horse of divers nations mingled together The Consul sent one of his martiall Tribunes or Colonels with a mean companie to summon thecastle or fortresse abovesaid after it was forced and recovered he delivered it into the hands of the Alabandians Himselfe kept one his direct way and turned on no side untill he came to Antiochia upon the river Maeander where hee encamped This river Maeander ariseth from Celaenae where the first head source thereof is to be seen Now this Celaenae had ben in times past the capitall citie of al Phrygia But in processe of time this old Celaenae was abandoned by the inhabitants not farre from it they peopled a new citie called Apamea bearing the name of Apamea the sister of king Seleucus The river Marsyas likewise springing not far from the foresaid sources of Maeander dischargeth it selfe therinto And as the common same goeth at this Celaenae it was where Marsyas the musician gave defiance to Apollo challenged him to play upon the flute This Maeander above named issuing out of an high hil at Celaenae runneth thr ough the mids of the citie first keeping his course along the country of the Carians and afterwards of the Ionians falleth at the last into an arm of the sea between Priene Miletus Whiles the Consull lay encamped about Antiochia Seleucus the sonne of Antiochus presented himself unto him with corn for his armie according to the covenant contracted with Scipio Some small variance difference there was as touching the aid demanded of Antiochus for Seleucus pleaded that Antiochus had capitulated only to find corn for the Roman soldiors But this debate was soone at an end by reason of the stiffe resolution of the Consull who sent a Colonell to warn and charge the soldiors to accept no corn before the aid-soldiors of Antiochus were received From thence he marched to Gordiu-tichos a citie so called so forward the third day to Tabae This citie is seated upon the frontiers of the Pisidians in that coast which boundeth upon the Pamphylian sea This quarter was able to yeeld lustie men for war when it had not ben any way endammaged but remained entire whole For proofe whereof even then also there issued out of the citie a corner of horsmen who charged upon the Romans as they marched and at the first onset troubled them not a little But afterwards seeing themselves neither for number not yet for prowes comparable unto them they were driven back into the town craved pardon for their trespasse readie to surrender their citie into the Cos. his hands The Consull imposed upon them a pairment of 25 talents of silver and 10000 medimnes of wheat and upon that composition their surrender was accepted Three daies after the Romans came to Chaus the river from thence to the citie Eriza which at the first assault they woon After this the armie marched as far as to a castle called Thabusion standing over the river Indus so called of a certain Indian whom an elephant threw and cast into it Now they were not far from Cibyra and yet no embassage appeared from the tyrant of that countrey a nd State Moagetes a disloiall and trecherous man in all his dealings and besides extreame hard and unreasonable Whereupon the Col. sent out before C. Helvius with 4000 foot and 500 horse to sound his disposition and mind As these companies entred into his frontiers there encountered them his embassadours giving them to understand that the tyrant their maister was readie to do whatsoever they would command only his request was unto Helvius to passe peaceably through his country to restrain his soldiors from wasting and spoiling the territories and fifteen talents they brought with them for to make a crown of gold Helvius promised to save his lands for being spoiled and wasted but he willed the embassadors to goe to the Consull Now when they had related the same unto him he made them answere in these tearmes We cannot gather by any signe or token quoth he that the tyrant beareth good will and affection to us Romanes and againe if hee be such a one as the world taketh him for we are to thinke rather of his chastisement than of admitting him into our amitie The embassadors sore troubled at this word requested him for that present no more but to take the crowne of gold and to permit that the tyrant himselfe might have accesse into his presence for to parle with him and cleare himselfe The morrow after by permission of the Consull came the tyrant into the campe bearing no port of a prince For a private person and meane man of small wealth would have gone in better apparell and caried a greater traine about him than heâ— either went he so meanely but he
spake as lowly hacking and hewing his words as if hee had not been able to speake them out He complained of his owne barenesse and want and likewise of the povertie of the cities under his seignorie for besides Cybira he held in possession Sylium that which is called Alimne Yet he promised to see what he could doe if haply by undoing himselfe and spoiling his subjects he might make up five twentie talents Mary he mistrusted greatly that he should never effect so much Are you thereabout quoth the Consull Now verily I can no longer endure this paltering and mockerie Was it not ynough that in your absence you bashed not to delude and disappoint us by your embassadours but you must persist still in the same impudencie now that you bee heare your selfe in person And would you make us beleeve indeed that the disbursing of five and twentie talents will begger you and your whole kingdome Come on sir I say Bring me hether within these three daies and lay me downe in readie mony five hundred talents or looke for no other favour but your territorie to bee wasted and your cittie besieged Greatly affrighted was he at these minatorie words howbeit hee continued still obstinately counterseiting and pretending his needinesse and povertie and after much base hucking and rising by little and little one while hasting and wrangling another while praying and entreating and that with whining putting finger in the eie he was fetcht over at length and came off to pay a good hundred talents of silver and to deliver 10000 medimnes of come besides And all this was exacted of him to be performed in sixe daies From Cibyra the Consull conducted the armie through the countrey of the Sindensians and after he had passed over the river Calauâ—is he there pitched downe his tents The morow after they marched by the lake or meere Caralitis and set them downe and rested upon the river Maeander As they advaunced from thence toward Lâ—gon the next citie the inhabitants fled for feare whereupon the towne void of people but replenished with abundance of all things was ransacked and risled This done they arrived at the head of spring of the river Lycus and the next day marched toward the river Cobulatus The Termessians at the same time having forced and woon the cittie of the Lyrians were now upon the point to assault the castle They who were within besieged seeing no other hope of succour sent their embassadours to the Consull beseeching his helpe and making pittifull more how they with their wives and children were shut up within the fortresse and looked every hour for death either by famin or the sword This fell out as the Cos. wished namely to have so good an occasion presented unto him of turning his way into Pamphylia At his first comming hee delivered the Lyrians from the siege To Termesius he graunted peace upon composition that he should receive first 30 talents In like sort he dealt by the Aspendians other States of Pamphylia In his returne from thence the first day he encamped fast by a river called Taurus the next day following near a town which they call Xyline-Come From whence he marched held on his journie continually untill he came to the citie Cormasa The next cittie unto it was Darsa which he found abandoned by the inhabitants for feare howbeit full of all kind of goods As he marched still along the marishes there met him embassadors from Lysinia who came to tender their citie into his hands After this he entred into the territorie of Sagalassus a fertile plenteous quarte r for all sorts of corn fruits The Pisidians inhabit those parts who are the best warriors in all that countrey In regard wherof as also for that their territorie is fruitfull well peopled and their citie strongly situate as few like unto it they were growne to be hardie and courageous The Consull seeing no embassage presented unto him in the entrance of the frontiers sent out forraiers to fetch in booties When they perceived once their goods harried and caried away before their faces their stomacks came downe and then they sent their embassadors and upon composition to pay fiftie talents twentie thousand medimnes of wheare and as many of barley they obteined peace From thence he passed to the fountaines of Obrima untill he came to a village which they name Aporidos-Come and there he encamped Thirter repaired the next day Seleucus from Apamea And the same day after he had sent away unto Apamea his sick folke and other baggage and pelse that he had good for nothing he tooke guides of Seleucus for the way and entred into the plaines of Metropolis and the next morrow marched as farre as Diniae in Phrygia After this he entred into Synada where he found all the townes about abandoned for feare and left desert With the bootie and pillage whereof his armie was so heavily charged that hardly he could march five miles aday and so he came at length to Bendos named The old From thence he passed to Anabura and the next day to the source of Alander and the third day pitched downe his tents neere Abassus There he lay encamped many dayes together because he was now arrived into the countrie of the Tolistobogians The Gaules in times past being a mightie people in number were induced to take a voiage either for want of land to inhabit or for hope of bootie and prises and supposing withall that they could not passe through any nation whatsoever comparable to themselves in feates of armes entred under the conduct of Brennus into the countrey of the Dardanians Where they began to mutine among themselves by occasion whereof it hapned that to the number of twentie thousand of them following two of their princes Lomnorius and Lutarius departed from Brennus and tooke their way into Thracia where partly by warring with them that made resistance and partly by imposing tribute upon them that craved peace they came at length as farre as to Bizantium and after they had held tributarie a good time the coast of Propontis they possessed themselves also of the good townes and cities of that quarter After this they had a mind and desire to invade Asia for they heard say being so neere how fertile and plenteous the soile of that country was And after they had surprized and woon Lysimachia by a wile and by force of armes conquered all Chersonesus they descended to Hellespont Where seeing how they were devided from Asia but only by the streights and that it was but a small cut thither their desire was much more inflamed to passe over And for this purpose they dispatched certeine curriers to Antipater the governour of that coast to demaund passage But by reason that they effected not this so soone as they hoped there arose another new sedition betweene the princes themselves Whereupon Lomnorius accompanied with the greater part retired to Bizantium from whence
beginning of the spring and so encamped upon the frontiers of the Lacedaemonians This done hee sent his embassadours to demaund the deliverie of them into his hands who were the authours of the revolt promising withall that if they would so doe their citie should remaine in peace without any molestation and they suffer and sustain no harm before they had answered for themselves in open audience All the rest for feare kept silence and said not a word only they whom he had challenged by name made offer of them selves to go undersafe conduct received from the embassadours and faithfull promise that no violence should be done upon their persons untill they had pleaded their answer Accompanied they were with divers noble personages of great marke and name both as advocates unto them in their particular quarrels and also in regard of the Commonweale as farre as their private cause any way touched and concerned it Never had the Achaeans before time brought the Lacedaemonians exiles with them into the confines of Lacedaemon because they supposed that nothing might so much alienate and estrange the hearts of the whole citie as that But then the whole head as it were of the vaward were no other but those banished persons And as the Lacedaemonians abovesaid were comming who should meet and affront them arraunged in order of battell at the very gate of the campe but they At the first they welcommed them with chiding and railing after that they fell to bitter words and brauiles and their bloud was up on both sides insomuch as those of the banished crew who were of hotest spirit and sharpest mettall made no more adoe but ran upon the Lacedaemonians whereupon they called the gods to witnesse and cried to the embassadours for protection who together with the Pretour himselfe came between voided the prease and the safeguarded the persons of the Lacedaemonians empeaching and staying some of their hands who were alreadie about to bind them and make them sure But the tumult still encreased and the multitude was all up on a hurrey The Achaeans ran first to see onely what the matter was and to be lookers on But afterwards when the exiles began with a loud voice to crie out and report what wrongs and injuries they had sustained beseeching them of their helpe and avouching withall right confidently that if they let slip this opportunitie they should never have the like againe alleadging moreover That the league first made in the Capitoll after renued at Olympia and last of all confirmed by a sacred oth in the castle of Athens had ben broken and disannulled by them and therefore the guiltie and culpable parties were to be punished accordingly before they entreed into any bond of new accord At these words the multitude was incensed and by occasion of one mans voice who cried to strike and knocke them downe fell to flinging stones at them And by this meanes seventeene of them who during the garboile chaunced to be tied in bonds were stoned to death The rest to the number of sixe and thirtie were the next morrow apprehended whom the Pretour had sheelded and protected from violence not for any desire hee had to save their lives but because hee would not have them miscarie and perish before they were heard These were presented and exposed as a prey to the unruly and angrie multitude when they had made some small speech unto them from which they turned away their eares they were all condemned and delivered over to bee led to execution When the Lacedaemonians were once put in this feare then they were commaunded Imprimis To demolish and breake downe their walls Item That all forraine auxiliarie souldiours who were waged and served for pay under the tyrants should avoid out of the Laconian countrey Item That all the slaves whom those tyrants had set free and of such there was a great number should depart before a certaine day and that it might be lawfull for the Achaeans to attach the bodies to sell and carrie away as many as staied and remained behind Item That they should abolish the lawes ordinances and customes of Lycurgus and frame themselves to live after the fashions and manners of the Achaeans for so they should be incorporate into one civile bodie and better accord and sort together in all things They condesended to none of all these conditions more willingly and sooner than to the raising of their walls and nothing troubled them so much and vexed their heart as the restoring of the banished persons Howbeit there passed an act at Tegea for their restitution in a generall Counsell of all the Achaeans there held In which assembly upon a report and mention made that the mercenarie straungers above specified and the new enrolled Lacedaemonians called Ascripti for so they tearmed them who by the tyrants were enfranchised and endued with freedome had abandoned the citie and were departed sundry waies into the countrey it was thought good before the armie was dissolved and called that the Pretor should go with a companie lightly armed and appointed to lay hold upon all that sort of people and make sale of them as of a prize and bootie gained from the enemies Many of them were apprehended and sold. And with the money raised of them that porch or gallerie at Megalopolis which had been ruinate by the Lacedaemonians was by the permission unjustly held in the possession was laid againe to that citie according to an old decree of the Achaeans which was made during the reigne of king Philip sonne of Amyntas The citie of the Lacedaemonians by this meanes much enseebled continued a long time in subjection and thraldome under the Achaeans But their State received dammaged by no one thing so much as by the abolishing of the discipline of Lycurgus to which they had beene used and accustomed for the space of seven hundred yeares Presently after the holding of this Diet wherein the Achaeans and Lacedaemonians debated their causes before the Consull M. Fulvius repaired to Rome for that the yeare was almost expired against the solemne election of new magistrates wherein he created for Consuls M. Valerius Messala and C. Livius Salinator and gave the repulse to M. Aemylius Lepidus his enemie who that yeere made suite also to be Consull This done there were Pretours also chosen to wit Q. Martius Philippus M. Claundius Marcellus C. Stertinius C. Catinius P. Claudius Pulcher and Lo. Manlius Acidinius When this election was ended at was thought expedient that M. Fulvius should returned into his former province to the armie there and not only he but his colleague also Cn. Manlius had their commission revived and they continued in government another yeere The same yeere according to the direction of the Decemvirs there was brought into the temple of Hercules the statue of the same god and within the Capitoll were set up by Cn. Cornelius sixe steeds in gold drawing a chariot with this inscription That he being Consull gave that
together could not be shewed For what should I speak of the confines and frontiers of his realme Namely that Antiochus beforetime held under his dominion all Asia and the marches also of Europe adjoining And how great a part of the world that is which extendeth from the hill Taurus and lyeth out so farre as the AEgean sea how many not cities onely but spacious countries and populous nations it containeth all men know right well as also that this countrey bearing out in length more than thirtie daies journey in bredth betweene two seas ten daies journey even as farre as to the top of the mountaine Taurus is taken from Antiochus and he driven into the utmost angle and corner of the globe of the earth What could hee have been disseized of more in case his peace had cost him never a pennie of money When Philip was conquered he had Macedonie left unto him when Nabis was subdued he enjoied still Lacedaemon and no man ever went about to call Iuintius in question for it And why mary h ehad not to his brother Scipio Africanus for whose sake the envie mallice of men hath defaced hurt L. Scipio whereas his brothers glorie ought to have graced and helped him Would any man of sence reason judge that so much gold silver was brought into the house of L. Scipio as may not possibly be raised if all the goods he hath were sold to the worth What should become of all that gold of the kings Where be those great purchases of lordships and inheritances that he hath made therwith Certes it cannot be but in that house which hath not exceeded in superfluous expense there should be seen some heap mount of this new treasurer But what care his enemies for this That which cannot be made of the substance goods of L. Scipio they will make good on his bodie and back which they meane to torture belike and expose to all contumelic and villanie to the end that a man of the best mark qualitie that ever was should be shut up in a dungeon among robbers by the high way side amongst night theeves and cutpurses and there in the hard stocks and balefull darkenes render his last breath and when he is dead to have his bodie cast out naked at the prison dore But be it whensoever it shal this wil be no greater blot to the house Cornelia than a shamefull reproch for ever to the citie of Rome Against all these remonstrances the Pretour Terentius opposed and red the law Petilia the decree of the Senat and the sentence given against L. Scipio And he for his own part said he could not doe withall but if the summe wherein he was condemned were not brought into the common Treasurehouse hee knew no other remedie nor what els to doe but to commaund him a condemned person to be apprehended againe and had away to prison Then the Tribunes went apart to consult and lay their heads together And within a while after C. Flaminius pronounced aloud according to his owne advise and the opinion of all his Colleagues excepting onely Gracchus That the Tribunes would not interpose themselves but that the Pretour might do and execute his office and his authoritie to the full But Tib. Gracchus set down his own decree in this forme That as touching the summe wherein L. Scipio was condemned he would not bee against it not impeach the Pretour but that hee might use his power according to his place and take it out of his goods as farre as they would stretch But that L. Scipio who hath subdued the mightiest and most puissant monarch in all the world who hath set out and extended the bounds of the Romane empire as farre as the farthest frontiers and ends of the earth who hath obliged and bound king Eumenes the Rhodians and so many cities and States besides of Asia made them beholden to the people of Rome for favours and benefits bestowed upon them finally who hath himselfe laid up fast in prison many a Generall captaine over the enemies after heeled them in triumph that he I say should lie in prison and yrons among the enemies of the people of Rome hee would never suffer and therfore he commaunded him to be released and set at large This decree was heard with so great applause and all men were so joious to see L. Scipio delivered that hardly a man would have beleeved unlesse he had seene it that there had been such a judgement passed in the same citie Then the Pretour sent the Questours or Treasurers to enter and seize upon all the goods of L. Scipio in the name and to the use of the citie where of there was not to bee found so much as any one token or mention of the kings money no nor so great a sum could be raised as the fine came to wherein he was condemned The friends kinsfolke followers and well-willers of L. Scipio made such a contribution of money for him that if hee would have accepted of it he had been a richer man by ods than he was before this crosse and calamitie fell upon him But he tooke never a denier His neerest kinsmen in bloud bought againe and redeemed as much of his owne goods as served for his necessarie maintenance and no more And the envie and hatred of men intended against the Scipioes turned upon the heads of the Pretour and his counsell together with the accusers themselves THE XXXIX BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the nine and thirtith Booke MArcus AEmylius the Consull after he had subdued the Ligurians made the street or high way from Plaisance to Ariminum untill it met with the way Flaminia In this booke are recounted the beginnings of roiotous and dissolute life brought in by the Asian armie All the Ligurians on this side Apennine are tamed and brought under The Bacchanales a Greekish feast and celebrated in the night season the very seminarie and nource-garden of all wickednesse being growne to this enormitie that therein was contrived a conspiracie and complot of a mightie multitude were now visited and searched into by the Consull and put downe with the punishment of many persons L. Iuintius Flamininus the brother of T. Quintius was deprived of his Senatour's dignitie by the Censors to wit L. Valerius Flaccus and Mar. Pacius Cato a right excellent man as wel for seats of arms as peace The cause was this for that whiles he was Consul and governor in Gaule at the request of one Philippus Poenus a notorious wanton Ganymede whom he loved he slew a certain Gaule with his own hand or as some have written because at the entreatie of an harlot upon whom he was enamoured he beheaded one of them that were condemned The in vective Oration of M. Cato against him is extant Scipio departed this life at Liternum and as if Fortune would
Inguames He forced besides six townes of theirs and tooke many thousands of prisoners within them Of the chiefe authors of that rebellion he caused three and fortie to loose their heads Now approched the time of the solemne assembly for election of Magistrates at Rome and albeit Sempronius his lot it was to hold the said assembly yet Claudius returned first to Rome because P. Claudius his brother made suite to be Consull He had for his competitours L. Aemylius I. Fabius Labeo and Servius Sulpitius Galba all foure of the nobilitie Old suiters they were all and because they had suffered the repulse aforetime they renued the suite for this dignitie as being so much the rather due because it had beene once denied them And this was the cause that these foure followed and pressed the harder for to obtaine the same because it was not lawful for any more than one of the Patrisij at once to bee created Consull There were also of Commoners certain persons well beloved and of good reputation that stood in election for the place to wit L. Porcius I. Terentius Culleo and Cn. Baebius Tamphilus they also had taken repulse before time and were put off still in hope one day yet to obtaine that honourable dignitie Claudius of them all was onely the new Competitor Now men thought verily without any doubt and question yea and destined in their conceits Q. Fabius Labeo and L. Porcius Licinius to be Consuls But Claudius the Consull together with his brother bestirred himselfe and without his huishers attending upon him travelled and laboured hard in all parts of the common place notwithstanding the adversaries yea the most of the Senators cried out upon him and said That he ought to consider and remember rather that he was the Consull of the people of Rome than brother to P. Claudius why then sat he not still in the Tribunall either as president and judge of the court assembled or els as a beholder and spectatour only without saying any word himselfe Howbeit he could not possibly bee reclaimed from this disordinate affection of his which hee shewed in labouring for his brother This election was divers times also troubled with the great debates and contentions caused by the Tribunes of the Commons whiles some of them spake against the Consull others againe maintained his suite and tooke part with him But in the end Fabius tooke the soile and Appius went away with the game for his brother So P. Claudius Pulcher was created Consull beyond his owne hope and more than others looked for L. Porcius Lictnius held his owne and obtained the second place in his course for that the Commoners went moderately to worke and shewed not so much affection and forcible meanes as Claudius did After this was holden the election of Pretours And chosen there were C. Decimius Flavus P. Sempronius Longus P. Cornelius Cethegus I. Naevius Matho C. Sempronius Blaesus and A. Terentius Varro Thus much concerning the acts atcheeved both at home in the citie and abroad in the warre that yeere wherein App. Claudius and M. Sempronius were Consuls In the beginning of the next yeere in which P. Claudius and L. Porcius bare the Consulship when as Q. Caecilius M. Baebius and T. Sempronius who had ben sent to heare and decide the controversies betweene the two kings Philip and Eumenes and the States of Thessalie had made report of their embassages they permitted likewise the embassadours of the said princes and cities to enter into the Senate Who related the selfesame things againe which had beene alleadged before in the presence of the foresaid Legates in Greece After this the LL. of the Senat addressed another new embassage into Macedonie and Greece whereof App. Claudius was the cheefe for to visite and see whether the cities adjudged and assigned to the Rhodians Thessalians and Perrhaebians were delivered unto them accordingly They also had in charge to cause the garrisons to quit Aenus and Maronea and to looke that all the sea coast of Thracia were freed from the subjection of Philip and the Macedonians They were enjoined moreover to goe into Peloponnesus from whence the former embassie was departed in more doubtfull teaimes than if they had never gone thither For over and besides other things they were sent away without any answere for their dispatch and albeit they requested the Achaeans for to assemble their generall Diet they mought not obtaine it For which when as Q. Cacilius found himselfe discontented and greevously complained the Lacedaemonians withall made piteous mone that the walls of their citie were demolished and rased their common people lead away in captivitie into Achaea and there sold and the lawes of Lycurgus taken from them under which their cittie and Commonweale untill that day had been mainteined and governed the Achaeans excused themselves most of all for the imputation of refusing to hold a Councell and to that purpose they rehearsed a law and ordinance whereby they were forbidden expressely to call and publish a Diet unlesse it were in the case of levying warre and contracting of peace upon occasion that any embassadours came directly unto them from the Senate of Rome with letters or commission in writing But for that this manner of excuse should not serve their turne againe afterwards the Senate gave them plainely to understand that they ought to take care and order that the Romane embassadours might at all times have meanes of free accesse to their Councels like as they also reciprocally should have a Senate held for their sakes as often as they would themselves After these embassages were departed Philip was advertised by his embassadours that there was no remedie but he must abandon those cities and withdraw his garrisons and herewith being mightily offended and angered against all yet he discharged his choler onely upon the Maronites Vnto Onomastus warden of the ports and sea-coasts hee gave commaundement to kill the cheese of the adverse part And he by the meanes of Cassander one of the kings supports and favorites who a long time had dwelt in Maronea procured certaine Thracians to bee let into the towne by night and there he committed murder and massacre as if it had beene a citie woon by force of armes And when the Romane embassadors made complaint to him namely of such outrages committed so cruelly against the guiltlesse Maronites and so proudly and insolently against the people of Rome in that they should bee killed and cut in peeces as enemies unto whom the Senate had ordained restitution of their freedome hee made answere and said that neither himselfe not any of those who belonged unto him could doe withall but it was long of themselves and their variance one with another whiles some of the citizens drew to him and others enclined to king Eumenes Which ye may qd he soone know to be a truth if ye will but aske the Maronites themselves for this account he made that whiles they were all terrified with so
yet neither the one nation or the other were set at a lesse proportion of souldiours in all their levies Two cautelous meanes and devises there were brought up whereby men chaunged thus their cities at pleasure The law graunted this indulgence to the allies of the Latine nation as many as left yssue of their rase behind them in their house That they should be reputed citizens of Rome By abusing this law some did injurie to their allies other wronged the people of Rome for both they that were to leave such yssue at home gave their children as it were in villenage to some Romane citizen or other whom they liked of with condition to manumise and make them free that they might be tribes or enfranchised citizens And they also who wanted yssue to leave behind them were held as citizens of Rome But in processe of time without any of these colorable pretenses of right without regard of law and respect of yssue they crept in and had the benefit of the Burgeosie and freedome of Rome by their transmigration thither to inhabite by enrolment in the reviews To meet with thes e practices the embassadours craved a remedie for the time to come as also that they would petemptorily commaund all their allies to repaire againe to their own citties with an expresse inhibition that no man should receive any other to be his vassaile and villaine and so to alienate him with intention by that meanes to chaunge the cittie wherein he lived and that whosoever became cittizens of Rome after that maner should not be counted for a cittizen These petitions were graunted by the Senate Then were decrees passed for those provinces of Istria and Sardinia which were in armes to wit for the enrolling of two legions into Sardinia having either of them five thousand and two hundred foot and three hundred horse besides twelve thousand footmen and 600 horsemen of the Latine allies and ten quinquiremes or galeaces with five banks of ores in case the Generall would warpe them out of the arcenall The like number as well of the Infanterie as Cauallerie was assigned for Istria The Consuls also were enjoyned to send to M. Titinius in Spaine one legion with 300 horse besides 5000 footmen of allies and 250 horsemen Before that the Coss. cast lots for their provinces certaine prodigies were reported Namely that in the territorie of Crustumium there fell from heaven a stone into the lake of Mars That in the territorie of Rome there was an infant born like a very stumpe without head feet or hands and a snake or serpent seene four footed That in the market place of Capua many houses were smitten with thunderbolts and lightning Also at Puteoli two ships were set on fire by lightning and burnt Whiles these prodigious wonders were by others related there was seene a wolfe also in the day time at Rome which having entred at the gate Collina after much coursing and hunting with much adoe and noise of them that followed the chase escaped away from them all and passed through the Esquiline gate In regard of these strange tokens the Consuls killed greater beasts for sacrifice and for one whole day a solemne supplication and praiers were made at all the shrines and altars of the gods These sacrifices done and past accordingly as it appertained the Consuls cast lots for their provinces and to Claudius befell Istria to Sempronius Sardinia After this C. Claudius published a law by vertue of an ordinance of the Senate in favour of allies and proclaimed That those allies namely of the Latine nation who either themselves or their ancestors had ben enrolled among the Latine allies during the Censorship of Marcus Claudius and Titus Quintius or any time afterwards should make returned every man into his owne cittie before the first day of November next ensuing And Lucius Mummius the Pretour had in commission to enquire and search for those that returned not accordingly To this lawe and edict abovesaid of the Consull an Act also of the Senate was adjoyned That the Dictatour Consull Interregent Censour and lord cheese justice in the common pleas for the time being should endevour and take order that whosoever were manumised and made free should take an oth That he who manumised or enfranchised him did it not with any intent for to exchange the citie wherein he was and looke who would not thus sweare him they thought not worthie to be manumised But his charge and jurisdiction was afterwards committed to C. Claudius the Consull Whiles these affaires passed at Rome M. Iunius and A. Manlius who had been Consuls the yeere before having wintered in Aquileia in the beginning of the Spring entered with an armie into the frontiers of Istria Where as they made wast and spoile farre and neere as they went the Istrians entred into a commotion and tooke armes rather upon greese of heart and indignation to see their goods thus pilled and ransacked than for any assured hope they had of their sufficience to make head against two armies Having therefore raised a concurse of their able youth from all their cities and States they assembled in hast a suddaine and tumultuarie armie which at the first gave battell and fought more in heat of courage than with persistance of resolution In conflict there were slaine of them to the number of foure thousand the rest abandoned all warre and fled here and there into their cities From thence they sent embassadors first into the Romane campe to crave peace and then the hostages which were demaunded After intelligence given at Rome of these newes by the letters of the Proconsuls C. Claudius the Consull fearing least this occurrence might put him by the government of his province and the conduct of the armie without solemne praiers and vowes made without his Lictors clad in their coats of armes departed sodainly in great hast all of the head by night toward his province and made no man privie thereto but onely his colleague His voyage thither was not so rash and inconsiderate but his carriage there was more foolish and undiscreet for beeing thither come he assembled a generall audience where after hee had very unseasonably reproached Manlius for his running away out of the campe to the great discontentment of the soldiours who were the first that fled and with opprobrious tearmes shaken up M. Iunius also for taking part in this dishonour with his companion in the end hee commaunded them both to avoid out of the province Whereupon the souldiours made answer againe and said That they would then obey the Consuls commaundement when according to the auncient custome of their fore-fathers he had made his solemne vowes within the Capitoll and then taken his leave and departed out of the citie accompanied with his Huishers in their rich cotes of armes warlike Hereat he was so farre entraged with anger that he called upon the treasurers deputie belonging to Manlius for chaines and gyves and menaced to send Iunius and
whiles he had meanes thereof without any dammage received as knowing that hee had no strength to speake of about him yet pussed up caried as it were above the ground with the conceit of his late good hand both staied in person to attend the enemies comming also sent out in all hast for the Macedonian Phalanx Which comming later than the present necessitie required albeit in great hast they hurried it fell out so that they were to encounter troubled disordred as they were in running their enemies that were well appointed and provided aforehand And the Cos. who had prevented them presently welcommed them with battaile At the first the Macedonians made resistance but afterwards beeing in no respect equall unto the enemies after they had lost three hundred footmen with foure and twentie of the most forward and bravest horsmen out of that cornet which they call Sacra amongst whom Antimachus also their leader died they endevoured to retire be gone But the way by which they were to passe was more troublesome to speake of than the skirmish and battaile it selfe The Phalanx beeing sent unto by a messenger in hast and conducted as hastily encountred affront in a certeine streight a troupe of prisoners and likewise the waggons charged with come Who being laid at to give way thereupon arosea great trouble as well of the one part as the other whiles no man tooke heed how to match in ordinance but the armed souldiours cast down and overthrew the heapes of sardage and baggage for otherwise there could no way bee made and the draught-beasts being pricked and provoked forward raged made soule worke in the prease throng Hardly and with much adoe were they dispestered and rid of this confused disordered companie of captives when they met with the king his companie and the horsemen discomfited In which place the noise which they made crying unto the Phalanx Backe againe Backe againe made a fright among them as if there had bene something readie to fall upon their heads in such sort as if their enemies durst have entred into the streight and pursued farther after them no doubt they had received a great overthrow But the Consull contenting himselfe with a meane good hand in that he had rescued and recovered his corps de guard from off the hill retired with his forces into the campe Some write that there was a great battaile sought that day and how eight thousand enemies were slaine and among them Sopater and Antipater two of the kings captaines Also that there were taken prisoners about two thousand foure hundred and militarie ensignes seven and twentie carried away Neither was the victorie easily gotten but cost bloud for not so few as foure thousand and three hundred were slaine of the Consull his armie and five guidons of the left wing lost This journey recomforted the Romanes but daunted and quailed Perseus in such sort as after he had staied a few daies at Mopselum especially about enterring the bodies of his dead souldiours and left a sufficient garrison at Gonnos he retired his armie into Macedonie leaving also at Phila one of his owne captaines named Timotheus with some small forces whom he commanded to assay the Magnesians and the borderers adjoyning When he was come to Pella he dismissed his armie out of the field and sent them to their wintering harbours but himselfe together with king Cotys went to Thessalonica Thither newes came that Atlesbius a petie king of the Thracians and Corragus a captaine under king Eumenes had invaded the marches of Cotys and were maisters of the countrie which they call Marene And therefore supposing that hee must needs discharge Cotys to looke to the defence of his owne realme he bestowed rich presents upon him at his departure and gave him 200 talents for sixe months wages of his cavallerie whereas at the beginning he purposed to bee at the charge of a whole yeeres pay The Consull after he heard that Perseus was gone approched with his armie neere to Gonnos and there lodged if haply he might force and gaine that also Situate it was over against Tempe at the very mouth and gullet of the streights and is the very frontier town yeelding both a most assured defence and strength to all Macedonie and also a commodious passage for the Macedonians to enter into Thessalie And beeing a place imprenable as well for the naturall site thereof as the strong garrison therein planted he gave over the enterprise So turning and bending his way into Perrhaebia after he had forced Mallaea at the first assault and put it to the ransacke and received Tripolis with the rest of Perrhaebia yeelded by composition he returned to Larissa And then having sent Eumenes and Attalus home into their owne countrie bestowed Misagenes and the Numidians in diver citties of Thessalie neere at hand to remain there for the winter time and distributed part of his forces throughout all Thessalie in such sort that not only they had all commodious wintering but also served in stead of garisons to the cities Q. Mutius his lieutenant he sent with a regiment of two thousand men to guard Ambracia and keepe it in obedience All the consederates of the Greeke citties save onely the Achaeans he licensed to depart With one part of his armie he went into Thessalie in Phthia where he rased down to the ground Preleum abandoned of the inhabitants But Antrona he woon with the good will of the townesmen Then afterward hee approched before Larissa-with his forces The cittie was lest desolate for all the people were retired into the fortresse the which hee began to assault and first the kings garrison of Macedonians quit the place of whom the townsmen being forsaken and left to themselves submitted incontinently Then he stood in doubt whether he should assaile Demetrias first or haue an eye and looke into the troubles and state of Boeotia For the men of Thebes being grievously molested and annoied by those of Coronaea had sent for him into Baeotia at whose praiers thither he conducted his armie and besides Baeotia was a country more commodious to winter in than Magnesia THE XLIII BOOKE OF THE HISTORIES OF T. LIVIVS of Padoa from the foundation of the Cittie of Rome The Breviarie of L. Florus upon the three and fortith Booke DIvers Pretours were iudicially condemned for demeaning themselves with crueltie and 〈◊〉 in the administration of their provinces P. Licinius Crassus the Proconsull woon by force many cities in Greece and cruelly rifled them For which rigour of his the captives whome be had sold under the guirland in ouvert market were by an order directed out of the Senate restored afterwards to their former estate The Admirals of the Romane fleetes committed many outrages and enormities against their allies Besides there are comprised in this booke the prosperous affaires of king Perseus in Thrace after bee had vanquished the Dardanians and subdued Illyrician whereof Gentius was king The troubles
battaile of the enemies Behind the Cetrati was this legion and had affront them the Pavoisers called Aglaspides with rosplendent or shining shields L. Attilius who had bene Consull before time was commaunded to lead against the battailon of other Pavoisers called Leucaspides with white shields And that was the maine battaile of the enemies Against the right flanke from which quarter the skirmish first began about the river the Elephants were conducted together with a wing of consederate horsemen and from thence began the Macedonians to flie For like as many new devises inventions of men carrie some shew in apparance of words when they are first spoken of but come to practise trie them once and not to argue and dispute how they should be put in execution they vanish away without effect and prove just nothing even so at that time the Elephants bare a name only in the battaile without any use and service at all That violence of the Elephants such as it was the Latin allies seconded immediatly and forced the left flanke to recule Then the second legion was put forth and in the mids entred upon the Phalanx and put it to flight neither was there any cause of victorie more evident than this namely that many skirmishes there were in divers places which at the first troubled the Phalanx and afterwards discomfired it True it is that to abide the force thereof it is unpossible so long as it keepeth close united together and putteth forth their sharp pointed pikes bent thicke couched together breast-high but if a man by charging the same here and there force them once to turne about those pikes which for their length and heavie weight are unweldie hard to guide they soone are intangled catch one within another untowardly but in case it fall out so that there be any tumult made either aflanke or behind then there ensueth a generall trouble and confusion of all as if they all at once came tumbling downe like as it hapned then when as against the Romanes who assailed them by troupes in sundrie parts they were driven to break their battaillon into many peeces as it were so to make head affront the enemie But the Romanes espied where there was a breach made lane left between and there they would insinuate and wind in with their rankes and files who if they had run upon the front of the Phalanx close raunged altogither with their whole battaillon they had enwrapped and entangled themselves within their pikes which in the beginning of the conflict happened to the Peligni as they unadvisedly dealt with the targuetriers called Cetrati and had never been able to sustaine that battaillon united thicke and couched together But as there was a cruell carnage committed upon the companies of the infanterie in every place save only those that flung away their weapons and fled so the souldiours of the Cavallerie departed in manner safe and found out of the medley The K. himselfe was the first man that fled and now by this time was escaped beyond Pydna and with his corners of horsemen which they call Sacred made hast to Pella Anon after followed Costacus and the Cavallerie of the Odrysians consequently other troupes and companies of Macedonian horsemen departed and kept their arraies unbroken for that the Phalanx or battaillon of the footmen between which kept the conquerors occupied in execution put them quite out of remembrance to pursue the men of arms A long time continued the massacre of this Phalanx afront aflanke and behind In the end they who escaped the hands of the enemies fled without weapons to the sea some took the water stretching forth their hands to them that were abourd in the ships most humbly besought them for to save their lives and when they saw the small pinnaces and cockbotes making apace on all hands toward them from the ships they imagining that their comming was to catch them for their prisoners rather than to kill them outright waded farther into the water yea and some swimmed forward but when they saw they were by them of the botes slaine in all hostile manner like enemies as many as could swam backe againe to land where they met with a fouler mischiefe and were worse plagued than before for the elephants driven by their governours to the shore trode them under foot and crushed their guts out All men generally agreed in this point That never at any one field were so many Macedonians defeated and killed by the Romanes for twentie thousand men were there slaine and to the number of six thousand who fled to Pydna out of the battaile came alive into the enemies hands five thousand besides were taken prisoners as they fled scattering and disbanded here and there Of the victors there died not above an hundred and the more part by farre of Pelignians but a greater number somewhat were hurt and wounded And if the battaile had begun sooner that the winners might have had day enough to follow the chase upon their enemies all their forces had been utterly defeated and devoured by the sword but now the night comming upon them as it covered and shadowed the enemies that fled so it caused the Romanes not to be so hastie and forward in pursuit considering they were not acquainted with the coasts of the countrey Perseus fled to the forrest Pieria by the port rode way with a great number of horsemen and his roiall traine about him So soone as he was entred the forest where the way divided into sundrie and divers parts seeing that the night approached hee turned out of the high beaten way with very few of his most loyall and faithfull friends The horsemen being thus abandoned and left destitute of their leader slipt some one way and some another home into their own cities certain of them but very few recovered Pella before Perseus himselfe because they rode a direct and readie way The K. was much troubled and vexed untill midnight almost what with feare and what with difficultie to find out the way When he was come to Pella Eactus the governour thereof and the kings pages were ready attendant at the court to wait upon him and doe him service but contrariwise of all those friends who escaped safe out of the battaile and chaunced by variable adventures to come into Pella there would not one come at him notwithstanding they were oftentimes sent for Three onely bare him companie in that flight of his to wit Evander of Crete Neon a Boeotian and Archidamus the Aetolian Fearing therefore least they who refused to come unto him would soone after enterprise some greater matter against him with those three he fled still forward about the fourth watch of the night After him there followed upon five hundred Cretensians Toward Amphipolis he went but he departed in the night from Pella making all the hast hee could to passe over the river Axius before day-light supposing that the Romanes would give
that there was a litle book given to my supposed mother sealed with the signe manuell of king Perseus which shee was to deliver unto me when I came once to ripe age and to be 14 yeres old charging her most streightly of all loves to conceale the whole matter until that time were come when I was grown to that age aforesaid then the book was given mee wherin mention was made of two chists of treasure left for mee by my father Then the woman who knew full well that I was no child of hers but onely so reputed bewraied my birth unto me who was aforetime ignorant of mine own descent also the woman laid great wait upon me to depart out of those quarters before that Eumenes a professed enemie to Perseus came to the knowledge thereof for feare to bee murdered In which respect I being affrighted and hoping withall to find some aid at the hands of Demetrius went into Syria and there first I tooke heart unto mee and dared openly to professe who I was and never before Thus much of Andriscus this counterfet kings sonne Of the L. booke THessalie at what time as the foresaid counterset Philip would have invaded and kept it by force of arms was by the means of the Roman embassadors together with the aid of the Achaeans defended Prusias king of Bithynia a favourer of the basest persons and lewdest vices was by his owne sonne Nicomedes murdered with the helpe of Attalus King of Pergamus Another son he had who in stead of the upper row and course of distinct teeth is reported to have had one entier bone for all growing out at his gumbs When the Romans had sent their embassadours to conclude a peace betweene Nicomedes and Prusias of which embassadours the one had his head full of many skarres the other was troubled with the gout in the feet and the third reputed but blockish of spirit by nature and none of the wisest Cato said That there was an embassage head-lesse footlesse and hart-lesse In Syria which at that time had for their king one indeed of the line race of Perseus K. of Macedonie but another Prusias up and downe for cowardise idlenes and base mind it so fell out that whiles he haunted taverns stewes and brothelhouses and lay there altogether Ammonius swaid the scepter and raigned as King by whose practise the kings friends also Loodice the Queene and Antigonus the sonne of Demetrius came to their end and were killed Masanissa king of Numidia a man above foureskore and ten yeeres old a famous prince and every way excellent yeelded to nature and died Among other youthfull parts which hee performed to his dying day this one That in this old age of his he was so lustie that after the foureskore and sixth yeere of his life he got a boy Among his three sonnes Mycipsa the eldest Gulussa and Manastabal who also had good knowledge in the Greeke tongue Publius Scipio Aemylianus divided the administration of the kingdome for their father had left it in common for them all and had given order to part it at the discretion of the same Scipio Likewise he persuaded Phamias the commaunder under Himilco of the Carthaginian Cavallerie a valiant warrior and whom the Carthaginians emploied most of all others in service to revolt with his men of armes and to turne Romane Of those three embassadors abovesaid who were sent to Masanissa Claudius Marcellus was cast away in a tempest upon the sea and swallowed up of the waves in a ghust The Carthaginians murdered in their Counsel-Chamber Asdruball nephew of Masanissa and their Pretour for the time being upon suspition of treason This iealousie of theirs arose hereupon for that hee was neere in kindred and bloud to Gulussa who friended and succoured the Romanes Publius Scipio Aemylianus when hee sued to be Aedile was by the people propounded and nominated for Consull and when as by law he might not for his young yeres be created Consull hard hold there was about him whiles the commons laboured with might and maine for him and the nobles and lords of the Senate gainesaid it a good while but in fine he was dispensed with notwithstanding the law in that behalfe created Consul Marcus Manilius Pro-consull forced certaine citties situate about Carthage Counterfet Philip after he had slaine M. Inventius the Pretor and Q. Caelius together with them defeated the armie was in Macedonie vanquished himselfe and taken prisoner and so Macedonie was recovered againe which had bene lost before Of the LI. booke CArthage which tooke up in circuite the compasse of foure and twentie miles was with exceeding paine and travaile besieged and woon by peece-meale first under the conduct of Mancinus the lieutenant afterwards of Scipio the Consull unto whom without lot the province of Africke was extraordinarily graunted The Carthaginians having made a new peere for that the old haven was choked and stopped up by Scipio and gathered secretly in a small time a good fleet fought a battaile at sea unfortunately Moreover the campe of Asdruball their Generall pitched in a place of most difficult accesse neere the towne Nepheris was forced and his armie defeated by Scipio who also in the end was the very cittie of Carthage in the seven hundred yere after it was first founded The greatest part of the spoile and pillage there found was restored to the Sicilians from whome it had been taken In the utmost extremitie and finall destruction of that citie when Asdruball had yeelded and submitted to Scipio his wife who some daies before could not obtain at her husbands hands to abandon the towne and flie to the conquerour cast her selfe with her two children headlong from the castle into the mids of the flaming fire wherewith the citie burned Scipio following the example of his father Aemylius Paulus who had conquered Macedonie set forth certaine solemn and plaies and pastimes wherein the renegates and fugitives he presented and obiected to savage beasts The causes of the Athaean warre bee heere reported The Romane embassadours who had bene beaten and ill intreated by the Achaeans were sent unto Corinth to sever and disioine those citties which had bene under the seignorie of Philip from the generall diet and parliament of the Achaeans Of the LII booke QVintus Caecilius Metellus fought a battaile at Thermopylae with the Achaeans that had to aid them the Boeotians and Chalcidians who being overcome Critolaus their chiefe captain shortned his owne life by poison and in his place Drachus the first authour of the troubles in Achaea was by the Achaeans chosen Generall of the field and by L. Mummius the Consull vanquished neere to Isthmus who having received all Achaea by surrender rased and destroied utterly Corinth by an Act and commission directed out of the Senate because the Romane embassadours were there abused Thebes also and Chalcis which had aided the Achaeans were overthrown and pulled downe Mummius for his owne part bare
had sent out under hand to that purpose turned their ensignes unto him and followed his standerd Scipio when hee mought have bene killed was let go Cn. Pompeius the sonne of that Cneus who woon Asculum enrolled an armie of voluntaries and câ—me unto Sylla with three legions unto whom also the nobilitre all and whole ranged themselves as abandoning the citie they repaired to the campe Finally in this booke report is made of the expeditions performed by captaines of both sides throughout all Italie Of the LXXXVI booke THat yeere wherein C. Marius the sonne of C. Mâ—rius was by forcible meanes and strong hand created Consull before he was twentie yeeres of age C. Fabius in Affricke was burnt quicke in his owne pavâ—lion for his bloudie crueltie and greedie avarice L. Philippus lieutenant unto Sylla seized Sardinia after he had dâ—scomfited and slaine Q. Antonius the Pretour Sylla contracted a league with the States of Italie to put them out of feare that he would not bereave them of their freedome of Rome and libertie of suffrages lately graunted unto them In like manner upon assured confidence that he had alreadie of undoubted victorie he commaunded all those that were in suite and resorted unto him for iurisdiction to adiourne their apparance in court and to appeare at Rome Whiles the cittie yet was divided and distracted two waies L. Damasippius the Pretour having according to the will and pleasure of C. Marius the Consull gathered the Senate together massacred all the nobilitie of the cittie Out of which number Q. Mutius Scaevola the Arch-Pontifie as hee fled was in the very porch and entrie of Vestaries temple murdered Besides this booke conteineth the war renewed by L. Muraeim against Mâ—thridates in Asia Of the LXXXVII booke Sylla after he had discomfited and overthrowne the armie of C. Marius neere a place called Sacriportus besieged him within the towne Preneste The cittie of Rome bee recovered out of the hands of his enemies and when Marius made an offer to sallie forth hee repelled him Moreover this booke conteineth the exploits atchieved by his lieutenants with the like fortune of that side in all places Of the LXXXVII booke Sylla after he had discomfited and overthrowne the armie of C. Marius neere a place called Sacriportus besieged him within the towne Preneste The cittie of Rome bee recovered out of the hands of his enemies and when Marius made an offer to sallie forth hee repelled him Moreover this booke conteineth the exploits atchieved by his lieutenants with the like fortune of that side in all places Of the LXXXVIII booke SYlla after that he had defeated and put to the sword the armie of Carbo at Clusium Faventia and Fidentia chased him forth of Italie With the Samnites who alone of all the Italian nations had not yet laid down armes he fought one finall battaile vanquished them neer the cittie of Rome even before the gate Collina thus having recovered gotten into his hand the 〈◊〉 mannaging of the state he polluted and staind this most goodly and beautifull victorie with the faulest 〈◊〉 that ever man committed He cut the throats of 8000 in the great hostitâ—ie called Villa Publica even those that had yeelded theÌ„selves He set up the table of proscription out lawrie The citie of Rome al Italy throghout filled with masacres Among the rest he caused al the Prenestines disarmed as they were to be slain Marius a Senatour by calling he killed in this manner by breaking his armes and legs by cropping his eares digging out his eies C. Marius besieged within Preneste by Lucretius Asella and that side with Sylla when hee sought meanes of evasion by a mine under the ground seeing how hee was environned by the armie slew himselfe within the said mine for perceiving that he could not escape hee and Pontius Telesinus that accompanied him in this flight ran one at the other with their drawn naked swords and when he had killed him and was himselfe hurt he found so much kindnes at his slaves hand as to make an end of him quite Of the LXXXIX booke LVcius Brutus sent from Cn. Papyrius Carbo who was arrived at Corcyra in a fishers boate to Lilybaeum in espiall to see whether Pompeie were there being compassed and hemmed in round about by those vessels which Pompeie had sent out turned his swords point to his bodie set the pummell against a seat within the boat so bending forward with the poise of his bodie was pierced through and died Cn. Pompeius sent by the Senate with full commission of rule and commaund tooke Cn. Carbo prisoner who was arrived in the Ilands Cossura and slew him who kept a puling weeping like a woman when he should die Sylla became Dictator that which never any man had done besides him kept his port abroad with foure and twentie Huishers or lictors going before him with their rods and axes Hee altered the state in that innovation established it The Tribunes of the commons hee abridged of their authoritie and wholly deprived them of their power to preferre and publish lawes The Colledge of the Pontifies and Augurs he amplified and augmented to the number of 15. The bodie of the Senate he supplied out of the order of gentlemen The children of those whom hee had prescribed and outlawed hee disabled for beeing elegible to any honourable office and of their goods made port-sale whereof at first hee seized much by violence and had it way A mightie masse of money hee raised thereof amounting to a hundred and fiftie millions of Sesterces He commanded Q. Lucretius Ofellas to be killed in the very Forum of Rome for that hee presumed without his leave and licence to sue for a Consulship and when the people of Rome were highly offended at this indignitie he assembled them to a publicke audience and before them avowed the fact and tooke it upon him Cn. Pompeius in Affricke vanquished and slew in battaile Cn. Domitius one of the proscript outlaives and Hiarbas king of the Numidians who prepared to levie warre He being but foure twentie yeeres of age and no better as yet than a gentleman of Rome a thing that never any man attained unto triumphed over Affricke C. Norbanus a man who had been Consull and now proscript and outlawed was apprehended in the citie of Rhodes and thereupon slew himselfe Mutilus likewise one of them that were outlawed and out of protection being come privily disguised with his head covered to the backe doore of Bastia his wives house was not let in for that she said he was an outlaw whereupon he tooke the stab at his owne hands and with his heart bloud bespreint the doore of his wives house Sylla recovered and woon againe Nola in Samnium He brought seven and fortie legions into the lands conquered from the enemies planted them therein and divided the grounds amongst them Hee besieged the towne Velaterra which yet stood out and bare armes and
overlooketh the church of Saint Laurence in Fontana is named Clivus Virbius there also is the grove Fagutalis wherein stood the mansion house of Servius Tullius Neroes house called Golden tooke up all that space which from that quarter wherein now Saint Gregories church standeth lay betweene Constantines arch the Colosseum the Carinae Esquiliae and Mecaenas hortyards His house before was in his owne fire where with he burnt the citie consumed also and when he reedified it anew hee called it Aurea The spatious largenesse whereof was such that it had about it three porches of a mile compasse apeece It contained also a poole like another sea walled it was about and resembled a very citie There were to it belonging holts and hamlets countrey-like vineyards pastures woods and beasts both tame and wild of all sorts The house and the porches were double guilded all over and set out with pretious stones And in one word there was nothing wanting that might serve for pleasure or prodigall riot In the entrie of this house there stood an huge image giant like called a Colossus 120 foot high After Neroes death dedicated it was to the Sunne and then changed the name Now men thinke it was called Colossus after his name who was the first deviser of all such statues VVithin the same house Nero included also the chappell of Fortune This goddesse being made of the stone Phengites when all the dores were shut gave light to the whole house within such raies of radiant brightnesse casteth this kind of stone from it This goddesse Servius Tullus first consecrated and of Segetes i. standing corne called her Seia At the baines of Diocletian there is a street-way leading up to S. Antonies church in Esquiliae where stood sometime a most noble towne of Mecaenas within his owne hortyards for those most pleasant hortyards were in the plaine of Esquiliae Here-within was Priapus worshipped upon which ill favoured idoll Virgil hath plaied much in verse Neere the hortyards of Mecanas stood the said Virgils house The temple of Felicitie which tooke up a part of that plot where Neroes Gold-house should stand was by him burnt Above those gardens or hortyards of Mecanas was raised a wonderfull peece of worke called Aggeres Tarquinij Superbi i. Tarquinius bulwarkes CHAP. XIII The pallace of Sisiminus the plaine and market place of Esquiliae the grove Querquetulanus also that of Iuno Lacinia and of Mars the chappell and altar of ill fortune THe pallace of Sisiminus in Esquiliae stood as they say where the church of Saint Marie the greater now is The plaine or field Esquilius neere the tower of Mecaenas called Intermontes i. among the hills is betweene the foresaid bulwarkes and the citie wall This plot of ground was in times past called Foculus because dead bodies were therin burnt But when the stinking steeme thereof was noisome to the citie the citizens and Augustus Caesar by a generall consent gave the said field unto Mecaenas where he made his goodly hortyards and most daintie gardens Of which Cicero with other speaketh much In like mauner the market place Esquilinum was in the same hill That side of the Esquiliae which looketh toward the grove Querquetulanus had in it the grove of Iuno Lacinia In the same Esquiliae was the chappell and altar of Ill fortune In the way which goeth to the gate Interaggeres even in the verie bulwarks or rampiers of Tarquinus stood the arch of Gordian made of marble garnished also and set out with ornaments of triumph Of the ruines thereof was S. Gregories church in Damasus built CHAP. XIIII The cliffe Suburranus the arch of Galienus the shambles or flesh market of Livia or as some would have it Livianum the Praenestine way and the Trophees of Marius AT the top or upper end of Suburra was the Clivus Suburranus so called of Suburra yeelding an easie ascent from thence up into the Esquiliae Anon you meet with the triumphall arch of Galien the emperour where now standeth the church of S. Vitus making a goodly shew of the Tiburtine stone whereof it was made Neere unto it was the shambles or market place called Marcellum Liviaâ— or Livianum This as some think tooke the name of one Macellus who being a notorious thiefe and practising much to steale in the cittie was in the end apprehended and by the Censors condemned and his house being seized as confiscate to the citie was converted to a place wherein they sold meat and all other victuals and so it kept still the name as is said of Macellum Some are of opinion that the said house was pulled downe and another built in the ruines thereof which reteined the name still of the former From hence beginneth the port-way Praenestina and leadeth to the gate Esquilina In this way you shall meet on the right hand with a huge bank of brick halfe ruinat upon which were erected two Trophees of marble that is to say certain posts like Quintins standing upright with spoiles of enemies hanging thereupon and they resembled men that were taken prisoners It is said that these Trophees were set up by Marius in his triumph for the Cimbrian warre which when Sylla had cast downe and overthrowne C. Caesar afterwards Dictator erected againe The place of the inhabitants thereabout is at this day called Cimbrum As touching Trophees looke to read more in Plutarch Valerius Max. and others CHAP. XV. The house of the Aelij the chappell Marianum the region or quarter called Tabernola the baines and dwelling house of Gordian the palace of Caius and Lucius also the pallace Licinianum THe house of the Aelij stood in that place where now be the monuments Mariana and the chappell of that name The plaine part of the Esquiliae betweene it and the mount Caelius and the Basilica Lateranensis is at this day called Merulana for Mariana and in old time the region of Tabernola Neere the Church of S. Eusebius in the way Praenestina was built the baines and habitation of Gordianus The ruines of those hot-houses are yet to be seene whereby a man may soone give an estimate how faire how stately and large they were at first Betweene the gates Esquilina and Naevia not farre from the walles there be to be seene certaine notable ruines this they commonly call the baines of Galutius But in that place stood in old time that beautifull and famous pallace which Caesar erected under the name of Caius and Lucius his nephewes Hard by the church of S. Balbina whereas now is the Beare called Pileatus stood sometime the pallace Licinianum CHAP. XVI The water Martia or Trajana and the temple of Isis. THe current of the water Martia passing by the gate Trajana through the plaine of Esquiliae went as farre as to the baines of Diocletian unto the hills next adjoyning This in old time was called Aufera It ariseth out of the spring Piconia in the mountains of the Peligni and passeth by the Martians country and the lake Fucinus and
and S. Nicholas church and was also called Chalcaria i. brasen or copper The Colosse or stately image of Mars at the cirque Flaminius was in the temple of Brutus Callaicus CHAP. V. The porch or gallerie of Mercurie the Theatre of Octavius his house cloister and gallerie and the temple of Venus Victresse BEtweene the Cirque Flaminius and the Tyber in the very entrie of the church of S. Angell in Piscina there is a porch or gallerie consecrated sometime to Mercurie or as some would have it to Iuno This being consumed with fire L. Septimius Severus reedified But the porch which standeth in the Iewes street called Ceura they say was builded by the emperor Severus Betweene the gallerie of Marcellus and the mount reared by Hadrian Pompey was the first that built a Theatre to continue For all others before were taken down when the games and shews were once done and past and when need required new were set up A great part of this Theatre when Pompey had finished comes Caligula and made an end of the rest Afterward Theodorick king of the Ostragoths reedified it This also received eightie thousand men Neere unto this Theatrum there was a court or stately hall called Atrium the same which at this day they name Satrium also the house of Pompey and a porch before it These edifices of Pompey at what time as Philip exhibited the stage-plaies were consumed with fire Neere to the same Theatre the emperour Claudius of famous memorie reared an arch of marble for memoriall of Tiberius Caesar. In the foresaid Theatre men say was the temple of Venus the Victresse CHAP. VI. The baines Agrippinae Pantheon and the porch thereof also the temple of good speed FRom the arch of Pompey as you goe northward you shall meet with the bathes Agrippinae the markes whereof are seen in that place which now of the inhabitants there is called Cyambella Now Agrippinae they were named of Agrippa who built them See Plinie hereof in his Discourses of Nature Neere unto the foresaid baines there is a temple of greatest antiquitie and among other old temples of the citie the noblest of al the rest which at this day remaineth in maner whole and sound Because it was dedicated almost to all the gods they thought good to name it Pantheon Inform it was like the world representing a sphere or globe At this day they call it S. Maries the round Of this temple Plinie and others have made mention unto whom I referre the readers In the very porch and entrie of this temple were the statues of Augustus and Agrippa The images also of Mars and Venus At the lappet of Venus care there hung as a pendant that most costly and pretious pearle of Cleopatra Likewise there stood the image of Minerva the handieworke of Phidias Moreover Hercules at whose statue the Carthaginians in old time used yeerely to sacrifice mankind They ascended up into this temple as into the rest by many steps for men in times past used to reare their temples on high and made but one way to goe into them A porch to this temple Agrippa joined a peece of worke worth all admiration which of some was called Prothyron For this word Porticus betokeneth nothing els but an ornament or porch 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. before the dore Hereof also have authours written much This temple first Hadrian the emperour of happie memorie and afterwards Antonius Pius reedified Certaine reliques and remnants foure angled and somewhat long of Good-speeds temple are evidently seene in the streets of Minerva and S. Eustachius This god was long ago worshipped that all things might fall out happily in the end Portraied hee was in habite of a poore man holding in his right hand a charger and in his left an eare of corne CHAP. VII The baines of Nero and Alexander the Cirque named Agon BEhind S. Eustachius church betweene Pantheon and Lombards street the remnants are seene of the baines and vaults of Nero. Neere unto these Alexander built others new by conveighance of water into them which they call Alexandrina and those very faire and delectable VVherof Lampridius hath written much Neere unto them some thinke were the bathes of Hadrian and they would have them to stand in that very place where now is S. Aloisius church In the plaine part of the cittie there appeare most evident tokens of a long and spatious Cirque which they call at this day Agon It took that name either of the games Agonalia instituted by king Numa in the honour of Ianus which in that shew-place are represented the ninth day of Ianuarie or because all manner of such shewes and disports called by the Greeks Agones were wont there to be exhibited Some would have it to be built by Nero or Alexander upon this reason that other ornaments of theirs were to be shewed there For the manner of their princes and Emperors was ordinarily to bestow their monuments and memorials in one place CHAP. IX The temple of Neptune Terentus the altar of Dis or Pluto the marish Caprea ON the strond of Tybre where now S. Blases Church standeth somtimes Neptunes temple stood The same was rebuilt by Hadrian Therein were the painted tables hung which represented the shipwrackes Terentus is a place in Mars field so called for that in it the altar of Dis was hidden or because the water of the Tybre running thereby eat away and wore the bankes of that side or lastly by occasion of Evander who arrived with a fleet in that place and there abode There also in time of the Albane warre they hid the altar of Proserpina under the ground that they onely might have knowledge thereof where it was In the same Mars field some thinke was the fenne or marish Caprea where Romulus in a tempest which sodainly arose was taken away Of which matter Livie writeth CHAP. X. The house Corvina the broad way or gate and the temple of Isis. THe second part of the flat citie reacheth along the foot of Quirinalis from the Forum of Trajanus to the gate Flaminia In which part neere the Capitoll was the house Corvina built by that name and familie and to this day keepeth still the old name for commonly called it is Macellum Corvorum From that house unto the barres or railes in Mars field extendeth the way Lata retaining yet the antique name and there standeth the church named S. Maries in the broad way In the same way stood sometime by report the temple of Isis neere the railes above-said where now is the church of S. Marcellus Now this Isis was a goddesse of the Aegyptians Shee was honoured and worshipped also at Rome togither with Osiris surnamed Serapis of whome the publicke plaies in the quarter Flaminia Iseum-Serapeum bare the name It happened in the temple of Isis that incest was committed whereupon the Emperour Tyberius caused the priests of that temple to be crucified and the place it selfe to be demolished Other temples