Selected quad for the lemma: city_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
city_n	abandon_v	king_n	possess_v	20	3	6.8877	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A51926	The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.; Historiae de rebus Hispaniae. English	Mariana, Juan de, 1535-1624.; Camargo y Salgado, Hernando, 1572-1652.; Varen de Soto, Basilio, d. 1673.; Stevens, John, d. 1726.	1699 (1699)	Wing M599; ESTC R18800	1,371,898	749

the_o pope_n who_o be_v there_o present_a and_o therefore_o the_o reflection_n upon_o he_o be_v the_o great_a the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n be_v break_v up_o the_o emperor_n go_v into_o italy_n and_o confer_v with_o the_o pope_n at_o luca_n in_o september_n the_o chief_a subject_n of_o their_o conference_n be_v about_o assemble_v a_o general_n council_n leave_v the_o pope_n he_o go_v to_o genoa_n where_o andrew_n doria_n have_v a_o great_a fleet_n in_o readiness_n to_o go_v over_o to_o algiers_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n the_o season_n be_v then_o too_o far_o advance_v therefore_o the_o pope_n and_o other_o labour_v to_o dissuade_v the_o emperor_n from_o that_o enterprise_n but_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v move_v be_v come_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n and_o have_v lose_v great_a part_n of_o his_o fleet_n in_o a_o terrible_a storm_n he_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v to_o bugia_n whence_o he_o pass_v over_o much_o afflict_v to_o carthagena_n have_v do_v nothing_o an_o sustain_v great_a loss_n ferdinand_n cortes_n who_o accompany_v the_o emperor_n in_o this_o expedition_n his_o galley_n sink_v be_v oblige_v to_o swim_v for_o his_o life_n and_o lose_v two_o cup_n make_v of_o emerald_n which_o he_o have_v tie_v about_o he_o in_o a_o cloth_n and_o be_v worth_a 300000_o ducat_n anno_fw-la 1542._o the_o bloody_a war_n betwixt_o christian_a prince_n disappoint_v the_o pope_n design_n the_o last_o year_n of_o assemble_v a_o general_n council_n but_o now_o he_o publish_v a_o new_a edict_n summon_v all_o the_o bishop_n to_o meet_v at_o the_o city_n trent_n he_o appoint_v the_o cardinal_n parisius_n moron_n and_o trent_n pool_n to_o preside_v in_o his_o name_n but_o this_o design_n be_v also_o put_v off_o because_o the_o french_a king_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o emperor_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o war_n be_v that_o the_o king_n send_v two_o ambassador_n to_o the_o turk_n one_o a_o genoese_a call_v fregoso_n the_o other_o a_o spaniard_n who_o name_n be_v antony_n rincon_n alonso_z davalos_n marquis_n del_fw-it gasto_n be_v then_o governor_n of_o milan_n certain_a spanish_a soldier_n discover_v these_o ambassador_n sail_v down_o the_o river_n po_n though_o they_o be_v disguise_v like_o pilgrim_n they_o seize_v and_o drown_v they_o in_o the_o river_n this_o happen_v the_o last_o year_n and_o so_o incense_v the_o french_a king_n that_o he_o immediate_o have_v recourse_n to_o arm_n and_o with_o a_o mighty_a army_n invade_v flanders_n beside_o henry_n the_o dauphin_n by_o his_o father_n order_n lay_v siege_n to_o perpignan_n on_o the_o border_n of_o spain_n the_o garrison_n defend_v themselves_o with_o such_o bravery_n that_o sally_v they_o nail_v his_o great_a gun_n and_o succour_n come_v from_o all_o part_n he_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o retire_v john_n de_fw-fr vega_n lord_n of_o valverde_n be_v at_o this_o time_n viceroy_n of_o navarre_n whence_o he_o go_v ambassador_n to_o rome_n then_o govern_v sicily_n several_a year_n and_o last_o return_v into_o spain_n be_v precedent_n of_o the_o royal_a council_n of_o castille_n which_o office_n he_o discharge_v with_o great_a reputation_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a integrity_n wisdom_n and_o piety_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o december_n die_v james_n the_o five_o king_n of_o scotland_n leave_v only_o one_o daughter_n call_v mary_n bear_v not_o long_o before_o his_o death_n of_o mary_n his_o queen_n sister_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n such_o multitude_n of_o locust_n be_v in_o germany_n italy_n and_o spain_n that_o locust_n they_o darken_v the_o sun_n as_o they_o fly_v in_o sicily_n a_o great_a earthquake_n do_v much_o harm_n in_o several_a city_n and_o town_n but_o the_o most_o mischief_n be_v do_v at_o the_o city_n siracusa_n anno_fw-la 1543._o the_o emperor_n have_v appoint_v his_o son_n philip_n governor_n of_o spain_n sail_v over_o to_o genoa_n be_v in_o care_n for_o italy_n and_o germany_n at_o busseto_o between_o placencia_n and_o cremona_n he_o meet_v spain_n the_o pope_n there_o they_o confer_v about_o the_o general_n council_n the_o pope_n legate_n be_v already_o at_o trent_n wait_v the_o come_n of_o the_o bishop_n it_o be_v also_o propose_v to_o make_v peace_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n but_o the_o time_n be_v not_o yet_o come_v cosmo_n de_fw-fr medicis_n duke_n of_o florence_n be_v allow_v to_o buy_v out_o the_o castle_n of_o florence_n and_o leghorn_n then_o hold_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o 200000_o ducat_n the_o pope_n have_v give_v the_o city_n of_o placencia_n and_o parma_n to_o peter_n luis_n his_o son_n and_o will_v have_v have_v the_o emperor_n confirm_v his_o gift_n those_o city_n belong_v to_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n but_o can_v not_o prevail_v the_o king_n of_o france_n invade_v the_o low_a country_n by_o the_o way_n of_o s._n quintin_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o great_a pirate_n barbarussa_n have_v sack_v and_o burn_v the_o city_n rijole_n not_o far_o from_o nice_a the_o straight_a of_o messina_n run_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o italy_n and_o put_v into_o the_o port_n of_o toulon_n there_o join_v the_o duke_n do_v enguien_v they_o together_o attack_v the_o city_n nice_n near_o the_o state_n of_o genoa_n and_o though_o they_o take_v it_o can_v not_o reduce_v the_o fortress_n yet_o they_o spend_v the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o summer_n before_o it_o for_o this_o reason_n and_o because_o it_o be_v report_v that_o andrew_n doria_n be_v come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a they_o return_v to_o winter_n at_o toulon_n anno_fw-la 1544._o on_o the_o four_o of_o january_n this_o year_n happen_v a_o wonderful_a eclipse_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o last_v eclipse_n some_o hour_n and_o not_o long_o after_o follow_v 3_o eclipse_n of_o the_o moon_n which_o be_v say_v never_o to_o have_v happen_v since_o the_o time_n of_o charlemain_n the_o success_n of_o the_o war_n be_v various_a for_o barbarussa_n in_o his_o return_n towards_o the_o levant_n italy_n in_o several_a place_n ravage_v the_o coast_n of_o naples_n the_o fear_n be_v great_a than_o the_o harm_n though_o he_o take_v and_o plunder_v the_o city_n and_o island_n of_o lipari_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o sicily_n he_o take_v plunder_v and_o burn_v the_o city_n pati_fw-la many_o thousand_o soul_n be_v carry_v by_o he_o into_o captivity_n the_o duke_n do_v anguien_v with_o a_o great_a army_n enter_v milan_n the_o marquis_n del_fw-it gasto_n march_v to_o oppose_v he_o they_o meet_v near_o a_o town_n call_v carigno_fw-la and_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v on_o the_o 14_o of_o april_n which_o be_v very_o bloody_a but_o the_o french_a obtain_v the_o victory_n and_o yet_o can_v not_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n the_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o england_n have_v make_v a_o league_n against_o france_n the_o emperor_n france_n break_v into_o france_n by_o the_o way_n of_o flanders_n take_v several_a town_n and_o come_v near_o to_o paris_n so_o great_a be_v the_o terror_n he_o spread_v that_o many_o of_o the_o wealthy_a citizen_n abandon_v that_o city_n this_o consternation_n be_v the_o great_a for_o that_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n of_o england_n possess_v himself_o of_o the_o city_n of_o boulogne_n under_o these_o circumstance_n a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v set_v a_o foot_n the_o ambassador_n of_o these_o prince_n meet_v at_o soissons_fw-fr where_o they_o conclude_v a_o peace_n upon_o the_o follow_a condition_n that_o all_o thing_n take_v on_o either_o side_n since_o the_o truce_n conclude_v at_o nice_a shall_v be_v restore_v that_o they_o shall_v join_v their_o force_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o catholic_n religion_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o heretic_n that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v renounce_v all_o his_o pretension_n in_o flanders_n arragon_n or_o naples_n that_o the_o emperor_n shall_v give_v to_o charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o young_a son_n one_o of_o his_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n or_o else_o one_o of_o those_o of_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n in_o case_n he_o give_v his_o own_o daughter_n he_o shall_v give_v she_o in_o dower_n the_o low_a country_n with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o her_o husband_n but_o if_o it_o be_v his_o brother_n daughter_n that_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n shall_v be_v her_o dower_n the_o agreement_n be_v make_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o september_n but_o it_o take_v no_o effect_n charles_n duke_n of_o orleans_n soon_o after_o die_v anno_fw-la 1545._o prince_n philip_n of_o spain_n be_v before_o contract_v to_o mary_n daughter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n philip._n last_o year_n they_o be_v marry_v at_o salamanca_n with_o great_a solemnity_n the_o duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n go_v to_o the_o border_n of_o portugal_n to_o conduct_v the_o bride_n who_o soon_o after_o prove_v with_o child_n and_o be_v

of_o who_o live_v in_o community_n other_o by_o themselves_o all_o of_o they_o profess_v poverty_n live_v upon_o charity_n never_o marry_v and_o spend_v much_o of_o the_o day_n in_o prayer_n such_o of_o the_o people_n as_o have_v two_o son_n dedicate_v one_o to_o this_o priestly_a order_n their_o church_n be_v neat_a the_o wall_n and_o roof_n paint_v the_o image_n they_o use_v be_v of_o gold_n and_o among_o they_o one_o of_o a_o woman_n which_o they_o say_v represent_v the_o mother_n of_o god_n they_o acknowledge_v the_o mystery_n of_o the_o incarnation_n and_o bless_a trinity_n and_o use_v confession_n in_o some_o case_n but_o only_o to_o the_o chief_a lamba_n these_o and_o many_o other_o odd_a rite_n seem_v to_o be_v the_o small_a remain_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o s._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n this_o country_n be_v with_o incredible_a labour_n discover_v by_o f._n antony_n de_fw-fr andrade_n a_o portague_n jesuit_n this_o year_n also_o the_o great_a empire_n of_o ethiopia_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o catholic_n religion_n and_o a_o number_n of_o priest_n and_o friar_n of_o all_o order_n be_v send_v for_o to_o rome_n to_o instruct_v the_o people_n brasil_n the_o dutch_a rebel_n always_o enemy_n to_o spain_n attempt_v this_o year_n the_o conquest_n of_o brasil_n in_o america_n they_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n s_o salvador_n with_o a_o fleet_n of_o 35_o sail_n and_o in_o it_o 3000_o man_n and_o great_a store_n of_o artillery_n provision_n and_o ammunition_n they_o land_v without_o any_o opposition_n and_o the_o citizen_n seek_v only_o to_o save_v their_o life_n flee_v to_o the_o mountain_n abandon_v the_o city_n the_o enemy_n possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o profane_v the_o church_n and_o plunder_v the_o house_n where_o they_o find_v a_o great_a treasure_n but_o enjoy_v it_o not_o long_o be_v shameful_o soon_o after_o expel_v thence_o in_o india_n the_o admiral_n ruy_n freyre_n de_fw-fr andrade_n fight_v the_o dutch_a and_o turk_n together_o and_o defeat_v defeat_v they_o on_o the_o 25_o of_o november_n come_v to_o madrid_n charles_n archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n queen_n and_o prince_n with_o great_a demonstration_n of_o affection_n the_o joy_n be_v soon_o turn_v into_o sorrow_n for_o he_o be_v take_v sick_a and_o die_v within_o a_o few_o day_n anno_fw-la 1625._o the_o happiness_n of_o this_o year_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o jubilee_n keep_v at_o rome_n with_o a_o mighty_a concourse_n rome_n of_o people_n vladislaus_n prince_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n be_v elder_a son_n be_v there_o noble_o entertain_v and_o present_v by_o the_o pope_n james_n the_o one_a king_n of_o great_a britain_n die_v the_o 2d_o of_o march_n his_o son_n charles_n succeed_v he_o the_o marquis_n of_o spinola_n after_o a_o most_o memorable_a siege_n which_o alone_o will_v fill_v a_o volume_n on_o take_v the_o 2d_o of_o june_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o breda_n in_o brabant_n at_o madrid_n the_o inquisition_n upon_o the_o 21_o and_o 22d_o day_n of_o july_n burn_v benedict_n ferrer_n and_o reginald_n de_fw-fr peralta_n both_o heretic_n the_o city_n s_o salvador_n and_o baya_n de_fw-fr todo_fw-es santos_n brasil_n be_v take_v by_o the_o hollander_n recover_v as_o have_v be_v say_v his_o majesty_n order_v his_o fleet_n to_o put_v to_o sea_n under_o the_o command_n of_o d._n frederick_n de_fw-fr toledo_n this_o fleet_n consist_v of_o castillian_n portuguese_n and_o neopolitan_n who_o soon_o expel_v the_o rebel_n that_o province_n notwithstanding_o the_o peace_n with_o england_n above_o 100_o sail_n of_o english_a appear_v before_o cadiz_n they_o land_v some_o man_n but_o lose_v most_o of_o they_o together_o with_o their_o reputation_n the_o wonderful_a bell_n of_o villilla_n in_o arragon_n ring_v of_o itself_o this_o year_n on_o the_o 28_o of_o august_n threaten_v some_o great_a misfortune_n to_o ensue_v may_v the_o 17_o at_o valladolid_n the_o cardinal_n duke_n of_o lerma_n depart_v this_o life_n a_o man_n gracious_a in_o the_o height_n of_o his_o fortune_n and_o nothing_o deject_v in_o his_o great_a adversity_n f._n john_n de_fw-fr mariana_n of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n bear_v at_o talavera_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr reyna_n who_o write_v the_o history_n of_o spain_n to_o which_o this_o supplement_n be_v add_v change_v this_o life_n for_o a_o better_a at_o the_o age_n of_o 92_o year_n have_v eternize_v his_o memory_n in_o his_o admirable_a work_n anno_fw-la 1626._o his_o majesty_n go_v from_o madrid_n to_o hold_v the_o cortes_n of_o arragon_n valencia_n and_o catalonia_n arragon_n and_o have_v some_o business_n there_o so_o many_o affair_n be_v at_o once_o take_v in_o hand_n that_o the_o king_n return_v to_o madrid_n without_o do_v any_o thing_n there_o may_v the_o 29_o francis_n barberino_n the_o pope_n nephew_n and_o legate_n make_v his_o entry_n and_o be_v noble_o entertain_v by_o the_o king_n to_o express_v how_o much_o he_o honour_v such_o a_o guest_n the_o flood_n be_v so_o great_a in_o january_n that_o extraordinary_a harm_n be_v do_v particular_o at_o flood_n sevil_n and_o salamanca_n the_o river_n guadalquivir_fw-fr and_o tormes_n drown_v those_o city_n it_o be_v propose_v to_o marry_v the_o princess_n mary_n of_o austria_n to_o ferdinand_n the_o 3d_o emperor_n and_o king_n of_o hungary_n this_o year_n also_o be_v the_o conference_n of_o monçon_n between_o the_o commissioner_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n for_o reconcile_a the_o difference_n about_o valtolina_n count_n tilli_n the_o imperial_a general_n obtain_v a_o most_o notable_a victory_n over_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n upon_o the_o 27_o of_o august_n anno_fw-la 1627._o the_o catholic_n religion_n at_o this_o time_n begin_v to_o spread_v in_o china_n in_o japan_n the_o persecution_n japan_n continue_v extreme_o severe_a without_o spare_a sex_n or_o age._n this_o year_n 10_o jesuit_n suffer_v martyrdom_n be_v burn_v with_o a_o slow_a fire_n after_o they_o have_v be_v long_o keep_v in_o prison_n but_o these_o cruelty_n no_o way_n deter_v those_o father_n from_o repair_v thither_o from_o sundry_a part_n for_o the_o good_a of_o that_o people_n and_o propagation_n of_o the_o faith_n the_o emperor_n have_v be_v of_o late_a successful_a in_o his_o war_n publish_v a_o edict_n at_o prague_n the_o capital_a of_o bohemia_n command_v all_o that_o be_v not_o of_o the_o catholic_n religion_n either_o to_o conform_v or_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n within_o 6_o month_n a_o certain_a youth_n well_o bear_v but_o very_o lewd_a at_o molsleim_n in_o alsace_n oblige_v himself_o to_o the_o devil_n by_o a_o note_n under_o his_o hand_n to_o be_v his_o at_o the_o end_n of_o 7_o year_n so_o he_o may_v obtain_v all_o he_o desire_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n he_o also_o bind_v himself_o to_o read_v no_o pious_a book_n but_o god_n touch_v his_o heart_n he_o put_v himself_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jesuit_n of_o that_o city_n by_o who_o mean_n he_o be_v deliver_v and_o the_o devil_n oblige_v to_o restore_v both_o obligation_n anno_fw-la 1628._o this_o year_n be_v remarkable_a for_o the_o siege_n of_o cazal_n lay_v by_o d._n gonçalo_n de_fw-fr cordova_n as_o also_o for_o that_o peter_n petrin_n a_o dutch_a pirate_n seize_v the_o fleet_n that_o lie_v in_o the_o port_n of_o matanças_n without_o besiege_v any_o opposition_n certain_a dutch_a ship_n enter_v the_o river_n between_o guequil_n and_o the_o island_n puna_n in_o america_n and_o land_v in_o their_o long-boat_n some_o man_n and_o 3_o piece_n of_o canon_n begin_v to_o batter_v the_o city_n jayaqui_n and_o fire_v the_o suburb_n where_o they_o kill_v 11_o of_o our_o man_n but_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v have_v lose_v 80_o of_o their_o man_n 3_o boat_n and_o leave_v behind_o the_o 3_o piece_n of_o canon_n thence_o they_o go_v over_o to_o the_o island_n puna_n in_o which_o be_v a_o small_a town_n of_o the_o indian_n there_o they_o find_v a_o friar_n of_o the_o mercenarians_n who_o be_v leave_v to_o instruct_v the_o indian_n have_v lay_v hold_v of_o he_o one_o of_o they_o say_v this_o man_n every_o day_n eat_v his_o god_n let_v we_o take_v he_o out_o of_o his_o belly_n which_o say_v they_o rip_v he_o up_o from_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o throat_n and_o pull_v out_o his_o heart_n this_o year_n a_o proclamation_n be_v set_v forth_o for_o lessen_v the_o value_n of_o the_o copper-money_n at_o arjona_n a_o town_n of_o note_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o jaen_n be_v discover_v many_o skull_n and_o other_o bone_n of_o man_n and_o about_o they_o ash_n coal_n tile_n stone_n and_o chain_n of_o iron_n these_o be_v suppose_v to_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o saint_n bonosus_n and_o maximianus_n who_o suffer_v martyrdom_n in_o that_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 301_o as_o also_o those_o of_o the_o martyr_n apollo_n isacius_n crotas_n and_o other_o much_o blood_n be_v see_v to_o flow_v from_o those_o dry_a bone_n the_o send_v

in_o that_o city_n no_o settlement_n in_o the_o government_n of_o castille_n amid_o their_o confusion_n duke_n valentine_n make_v his_o escape_n p._n 522_o chap._n ii_o queen_n joanna_n depart_v from_o burgos_n be_v whole_o incapable_a of_o have_v any_o part_n in_o the_o government_n the_o affair_n of_o naples_n queen_n joanna_n bring_v to_o bed_n of_o a_o daughter_n at_o torquemada_n great_a disorder_n in_o castille_n p._n 524_o chap._n iii_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n valentine_n and_o trouble_v in_o navarre_n the_o treaty_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n ferdinand_n the_o great_a captain_n court_v to_o command_v the_o venetian_a and_o pope_n force_n king_n ferdinand_n settle_v the_o affair_n of_o naples_n p._n 526_o chap._n iu_o the_o king_n of_o france_n enter_v italy_n with_o a_o army_n to_o reduce_v genoa_n have_v a_o interview_n with_o king_n ferdinand_n who_o return_v to_o castille_n the_o spaniard_n defeat_v in_o africa_n the_o emperor_n offend_v at_o king_n ferdinand_n p._n 528_o chap._n v._o the_o design_n of_o bring_v prince_n charles_n into_o spain_n king_n ferdinand_n in_o andaluzia_n to_o settle_v that_o country_n penon_n in_o africa_n take_v by_o the_o spaniard_n the_o portuguese_n loser_n at_n azamor_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n yet_o relieve_v arzila_n p._n 530_o chap._n vi_o discovery_n of_o conspiracy_n in_o spain_n the_o sultan_n be_v fleet_n worsted_n in_o india_n death_n of_o henry_n vii_o of_o england_n henry_n viii_o succeed_v he_o p._n 532_o chap._n vii_o the_o cardinal_n of_o spain_n take_v oran_n in_o africa_n the_o war_n against_o the_o venetian_n and_o their_o loss_n they_o recover_v milan_n and_o other_o place_n p._n 534_o chap._n viii_o the_o accord_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o king_n ferdinand_n bugia_n and_o tripoli_n in_o barbary_n take_v by_o the_o spaniard_n and_o goa_n in_o india_n by_o the_o portuguese_n p._n 536_o chap._n ix_o the_o war_n in_o italy_n the_o pope_n grant_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o king_n ferdinand_n d._n garcia_n de_fw-fr toledo_n defeat_v and_o kill_v at_o gelve_n p._n 538_o chap._n x._o some_o cardinal_n revolt_n from_o the_o pope_n bolonia_n take_v by_o the_o french_a the_o revolt_a cardinal_n summon_v a_o general_n council_n p._n 540_o the_o thirty_o book_n chap._n i._n affair_n of_o india_n the_o pope_n summon_v a_o council_n to_o meet_v at_o s._n john_n lateran_n the_o league_n betwixt_o the_o pope_n king_n of_o arragon_n and_o the_o venetian_n the_o war_n in_o italy_n p._n 543_o chap._n ii_o the_o siege_n of_o bologna_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o navarre_n excommunicate_v the_o venetian_n recover_v bergamo_n and_o bressa_n and_o be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o french_a p._n 545_o chap._n iii_o the_o famous_a battle_n of_o ravenna_n that_o city_n surrender_v to_o the_o french_a scandalous_a proceed_n of_o the_o mutinous_a cardinal_n and_o open_v of_o the_o lateran_n council_n p._n 547_o chap._n iu_o the_o war_n in_o navarre_n king_n ferdinand_n possess_v himself_o of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o affair_n of_o italy_n the_o great_a captain_n stop_v from_o go_v thither_o p._n 549_o chap._n v._o the_o siege_n of_o pamplona_n the_o viceroy_n of_o naples_n take_v the_o city_n bressa_fw-mi duke_n maximilian_n sforcia_n recover_v milan_n king_n ferdinand_z falls_z sick_n p._n 551_o chap._n vi_o pope_n julius_n die_v leo_fw-la x._o succeed_v he_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o spain_n and_o france_n the_o war_n in_o navarre_n and_o revolution_n at_o genoa_n p._n 553_o chap._n vii_o the_o defeat_n give_v the_o french_a by_o the_o swiss_n near_o novara_n the_o viceroy_n vanquish_v the_o venetian_n near_o vincenza_n action_n of_o the_o english_a and_o portugueses_n venice_n canonade_v p._n 555_o chap._n viii_o the_o death_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o france_n truce_n betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n prolong_v the_o affair_n of_o portugal_n p._n 557_o chap._n ix_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n unite_v to_o that_o of_o castille_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o portuguese_n in_o india_n their_o defeat_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n p._n 559_o chap._n x._o the_o king_n of_o france_n recover_v milan_n the_o swiss_n overthrow_v death_n of_o the_o great_a captain_n and_o of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o spain_n p._n 561_o the_o history_n of_o spain_n the_o first_o book_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o first_o people_n of_o spain_n by_o tubal_n of_o the_o fruitfulness_n of_o the_o soil_n its_o situation_n and_o circumference_n and_o of_o its_o principal_a mountain_n and_o river_n tvbal_n the_o son_n of_o japhet_n be_v the_o first_o man_n that_o people_v spain_n after_o the_o flood_n many_o spain_n grave_a author_n testify_v that_o he_o plant_v several_a colony_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o world_n and_o govern_v spain_n with_o piety_n and_o justice_n the_o motive_n of_o his_o come_n be_v this_o in_o the_o year_n 131._o according_a to_o the_o best_a computation_n after_o the_o deluge_n the_o son_n of_o adam_n have_v at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o haughty_a nimrod_n attempt_v to_o build_v the_o famous_a tower_n of_o babel_n in_o contempt_n of_o god_n omnipotence_n be_v disperse_v and_o scatter_v over_o the_o face_n of_o the_o earth_n one_o language_n be_v before_o common_a to_o all_o through_o the_o just_a judgement_n of_o the_o almighty_a there_o arise_v among_o they_o such_o a_o confusion_n of_o tongue_n that_o not_o able_a long_a to_o converse_v or_o understand_v one_o another_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o part_v company_n and_o spread_v abroad_o into_o several_a country_n the_o world_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o three_o son_n of_o noah_n after_o this_o manner_n to_o shem_n be_v allot_v all_o asia_n beyond_o euphrates_n eastward_o as_o also_o the_o country_n of_o syria_n and_o palestine_n to_o ham_n be_v assign_v from_o babylon_n westward_o the_o three_o arabia_n egypt_n and_o all_o africa_a the_o portion_n of_o japhet_n and_o his_o posterity_n be_v that_o part_n of_o asia_n which_o lie_v north_n of_o the_o mountain_n taurus_n and_o amanus_n and_o all_o europe_n the_o earth_n be_v thus_o divide_v the_o child_n of_o japhet_n settle_v themselves_o in_o several_a province_n and_o tubal_n who_o be_v his_o five_o son_n be_v send_v to_o the_o far_a region_n westward_o that_o be_v to_o spain_n where_o he_o found_v the_o spanish_a monarchy_n which_o continue_v to_o this_o time_n this_o be_v that_o empire_n which_o in_o all_o age_n have_v afford_v man_n famous_a both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n which_o have_v be_v bless_v with_o plenty_n and_o prosperity_n and_o which_o have_v always_o furnish_v extraordinary_a matter_n to_o employ_v the_o great_a pen_n and_o yet_o it_o have_v ever_o want_v writer_n to_o celebrate_v the_o great_a action_n and_o heroic_a achievement_n perform_v by_o its_o people_n this_o defect_n have_v give_v many_o the_o boldness_n to_o write_v romance_n and_o poetical_a fiction_n rather_o than_o true_a history_n and_o have_v move_v i_o with_o that_o little_a learning_n and_o small_a talon_n i_o have_v attain_v to_o attempt_v this_o great_a work_n rather_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o truth_n than_o in_o hope_n of_o any_o honour_n or_o reward_n which_o i_o expect_v not_o from_o man_n nor_o can_v any_o be_v proportion_v to_o the_o labour_n of_o this_o undertake_n i_o will_v not_o fill_v a_o volume_n with_o preamble_n but_o fall_v to_o the_o real_a matter_n i_o have_v in_o hand_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o soil_n and_o product_v of_o spain_n of_o its_o situation_n extent_n division_n mountain_n and_o river_n as_o also_o of_o the_o language_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o country_n of_o spain_n be_v no_o way_n inferior_a to_o any_o of_o the_o best_a in_o the_o world_n either_o in_o regard_n of_o spain_n the_o climate_n or_o of_o the_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n which_o it_o abundant_o produce_v or_o of_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o other_o metal_n and_o precious_a stone_n which_o be_v find_v in_o it_o it_o be_v not_o scorch_v with_o the_o violent_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o africa_n nor_o so_o subject_a to_o stormy_a wind_n frost_n and_o damp_n as_o france_n but_o be_v seat_v between_o both_o enjoy_v a_o great_a temperature_n than_o either_o so_o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o summer_n and_o winter_n frost_n and_o rain_n renderit_fw-la so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o not_o only_o abundant_o supply_v the_o native_n but_o also_o furnish_v other_o country_n its_o product_n be_v whatever_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o support_n of_o human_a life_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o man_n pride_n and_o ambition_n the_o fruit_n be_v most_o delicious_a to_o the_o taste_n the_o vine_n exuberant_a and_o the_o wine_n generous_a the_o plenty_n of_o corn_n honey_n oil_n cattle_n sugar_n and_o silk_n be_v extraordinary_a but_o the_o quantity_n

almaguer_n be_v compound_v at_o present_a there_o be_v no_o fountain_n in_o that_o town_n but_o all_o the_o people_n make_v use_v of_o wells_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o there_o have_v be_v as_o great_a a_o change_n in_o the_o name_n of_o place_n as_o in_o other_o thing_n which_o cause_v great_a confusion_n for_o the_o moorish_a general_n to_o perpetuate_v their_o memory_n give_v their_o own_o name_n and_o surname_n to_o to_n there_o family_n be_v no_o certainty_n of_o what_o become_v of_o count_n julian_n but_o it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n without_o the_o testimony_n of_o any_o author_n to_o back_o it_o that_o his_o wife_n be_v stone_v to_o death_n a_o son_n of_o his_o cast_n headlong_o from_o a_o tower_n at_o ceuta_n and_o that_o himself_o be_v condemn_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n by_o the_o moor_n he_o so_o much_o labour_v to_o serve_v in_o a_o castle_n call_v loharri_n near_o the_o city_n huesca_n be_v show_v a_o stone_n tomb_n without_o the_o church_n of_o the_o castle_n where_o it_o be_v report_v he_o be_v bury_v the_o archbishop_n d._n roderick_n and_o d._n lucas_n de_fw-fr tuy_n affirm_v that_o both_o he_o and_o the_o son_n of_o king_n witiza_n be_v deprive_v of_o all_o they_o possess_v and_o he_o put_v to_o death_n certain_a it_o be_v spain_n be_v now_o in_o a_o deplorable_a condition_n almost_o all_o bring_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o moor_n there_o be_v no_o sort_n of_o misery_n but_o the_o christian_n endure_v woman_n be_v ravish_v from_o their_o husband_n child_n from_o their_o parent_n and_o all_o they_o possess_v take_v from_o they_o without_o spain_n any_o redress_n to_o be_v hope_v for_o the_o country_n yield_v not_o its_o usual_a product_n both_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o unseasonableness_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o for_o want_v of_o labourer_n the_o church_n be_v profane_v and_o burn_v dead_a body_n lay_v about_o the_o street_n and_o highway_n and_o nothing_o be_v to_o be_v see_v or_o hear_v but_o sigh_n and_o tear_n nor_o be_v there_o any_o calamity_n but_o what_o spain_n groan_v under_o god_n permit_v the_o innocent_a to_o suffer_v with_o the_o guilty_a to_o punish_v the_o horrid_a wickedness_n of_o those_o time_n nevertheless_o in_o some_o part_n of_o biscay_n navarre_n galicia_n and_o asturias_n the_o christian_n still_o hold_v out_o rather_o because_o the_o place_n be_v almost_o inaccessible_a and_o the_o moor_n slight_v they_o than_o that_o they_o have_v any_o sufficient_a force_n to_o make_v head_n those_o who_o be_v subject_a to_o and_o mix_v with_o the_o moor_n begin_v to_o be_v call_v mixti_fw-la arabe_n and_o afterward_o corrupt_o mozarabe_n they_o have_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o christian_a religion_n with_o church_n and_o monastery_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n as_o before_o the_o bishop_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v scornful_o treat_v retire_v with_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n into_o galicia_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o iria_n flavia_n that_o be_v el_fw-es padron_n assign_v many_o of_o they_o tyth_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n to_o live_v upon_o thus_o spain_n be_v destroy_v and_o thus_o end_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o goth_n the_o kingdom_n and_o nation_n of_o the_o goth_n be_v thus_o subvert_v in_o my_o opinion_n by_o a_o peculiar_a providence_n that_o out_o of_o their_o ash_n may_v rise_v a_o new_a and_o holy_a spain_n great_a in_o strength_n and_o dominion_n to_o be_v the_o defence_n and_o bulwark_n of_o the_o catholic_n religion_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o f._n mariana_n and_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o he_o write_v when_o philip_n ii_o of_o spain_n be_v lord_n of_o the_o east_n and_o west-indies_n by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n as_o he_o mention_n in_o this_o place_n to_o what_o a_o low_a ebb_n the_o affair_n of_o spain_n be_v reduce_v since_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o sequel_n of_o the_o history_n when_o we_o draw_v near_o our_o time_n let_v we_o conclude_v this_o book_n to_o begin_v another_o with_o the_o resurrection_n of_o spain_n after_o these_o mortal_a calamity_n the_o end_n of_o book_n vi._n the_o history_n of_o spain_n the_o seven_o book_n chap._n i._o prince_n pelayus_n or_o pelagius_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o moor_n be_v declare_v king_n and_o miraculousty_a vanquish_v the_o insidel_n the_o death_n of_o muza_n alahor_n govern_v spain_n two_o year_n be_v not_o quite_o elapse_v since_o the_o african_n have_v commence_v the_o war_n france_n and_o desolation_n of_o spain_n when_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o moor_n pass_v over_o the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n which_o pàrt_n france_n and_o spain_n and_o break_v into_o that_o province_n with_o a_o resolution_n to_o conquer_v all_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o goth_n in_o france_n the_o miserable_a remain_n of_o the_o goth_n that_o have_v escape_v into_o asturias_n galicia_n and_o biscay_n and_o repose_v more_o confidence_n in_o the_o natural_a strength_n of_o those_o place_n than_o in_o any_o force_n they_o have_v the_o infidel_n be_v employ_v in_o the_o war_n in_o france_n have_v now_o time_n to_o consult_v about_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n nothing_o be_v want_v but_o a_o general_n who_o with_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n and_o good_a example_n will_v stir_v up_o the_o christian_n that_o remain_v in_o spain_n to_o attempt_v so_o great_a a_o enterprise_n most_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o goth_n have_v perish_v in_o the_o war_n only_a prince_n pelayus_n as_o descend_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n be_v know_v and_o applaud_v for_o his_o great_a infidel_n valour_n and_o magnanimity_n and_o look_v upon_o by_o all_o man_n as_o the_o only_a person_n capable_a of_o such_o a_o enterprise_n it_o fall_v out_o opportune_o that_o he_o come_v out_o of_o biscay_n whither_o he_o withdraw_v after_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o asturias_n whether_o he_o be_v call_v or_o come_v voluntary_o to_o be_v ready_a upon_o any_o occasion_n that_o shall_v offer_v for_o the_o public_a good_a be_v not_o know_v perhaps_o there_o be_v some_o dispute_n about_o the_o lordship_n of_o biscay_n for_o i_o find_v three_o duke_n of_o that_o province_n mention_v in_o the_o record_n of_o those_o time_n which_o be_v eudo_fw-la peter_n and_o pelayus_n no_o soon_o be_v he_o come_v to_o asturias_n but_o all_o man_n cast_v their_o eye_n upon_o he_o as_o the_o only_a man_n that_o can_v relieve_v they_o in_o that_o distress_n if_o he_o will_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o be_v their_o chief_a and_o protector_n many_o weigh_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o danger_n and_o their_o own_o weakness_n be_v terrify_v but_o what_o fear_v dissuade_v a_o accident_n force_v they_o to_o attempt_v pelayus_n have_v a_o sister_n in_o the_o prime_n of_o her_o age_n and_o of_o a_o extraordinary_a beauty_n munuza_n who_o though_o a_o christistian_n arms._n be_v governor_n of_o gijon_n for_o the_o moor_n passionate_o love_v that_o lady_n and_o desire_v to_o obtain_v she_o for_o his_o wife_n but_o be_v too_o mean_v can_v 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sol_n to_o d._n peter_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n of_o the_o same_o name_n both_o which_o send_v to_o demand_v they_o in_o marriage_n d._n ramiro_n have_v by_o d._n elvira_n garci_n ramirez_n who_o be_v afterward_o king_n of_o navarre_n d._n peter_n die_v before_o his_o father_n and_o leave_v no_o issue_n two_o several_a time_n king_n bucar_n who_o come_v out_o of_o africa_n be_v overthrow_v in_o sight_n of_o valencia_n by_o roderick_n diaz_n and_o his_o force_n who_o keep_v that_o city_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v which_o be_v five_o year_n after_o the_o take_n of_o it_o he_o be_v near_o his_o death_n when_o the_o same_o bucar_n come_v again_o before_o the_o city_n and_o perceive_v it_o can_v not_o be_v maintain_v after_o his_o death_n order_v in_o his_o will_n that_o they_o shall_v all_o in_o a_o body_n quit_v the_o place_n and_o return_v to_o castille_n the_o moor_n believe_v it_o be_v a_o powerful_a army_n that_o design_v to_o give_v they_o battle_n draw_v off_o 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the_o heir_n apparent_a of_o the_o crown_n but_o death_n snatch_v he_o away_o and_o with_o he_o the_o great_a hope_n moor_n have_v be_v conceive_v of_o his_o virtue_n hali_n successor_n to_o joseph_n desire_v to_o commence_v his_o reign_n with_o some_o memorable_a action_n pass_v over_o into_o spain_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o have_v increase_v it_o there_o enter_v the_o kingdom_n of_o toledo_n waste_v all_o the_o country_n till_o he_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o city_n king_n alonso_z by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a age_n and_o sickness_n can_v not_o go_v out_o in_o person_n to_o oppose_v he_o he_o give_v the_o command_n of_o his_o army_n to_o the_o earl_n d._n garcia_n and_o for_o the_o great_a honour_n send_v his_o son_n d._n sancho_n though_o very_o young_a with_o he_o near_a veles_n the_o two_o army_n meet_v and_o engage_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fight_n the_o prince_n be_v strike_v down_o d._n garcia_n cover_v he_o with_o his_o shield_n and_o with_o his_o 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or_o be_v take_v by_o force_n and_o toledo_n itself_o do_v not_o escape_v for_o it_o appear_v that_o city_n submit_v to_o king_n ferdinand_n so_o that_o a_o very_a small_a part_n remain_v to_o the_o young_a king_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o king_n of_o navarre_n think_v this_o a_o good_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v his_o loss_n have_v first_o make_v peace_n with_o arragon_n break_v into_o the_o dominion_n of_o castille_n and_o possess_v himself_o of_o logrono_n entrena_n briviesca_n and_o other_o to_n thus_o all_o the_o country_n be_v fill_v with_o confusion_n whilst_o castille_n be_v thus_o rend_v with_o intestine_a division_n the_o moor_n of_o andaluzia_n enjoy_v perfect_a peace_n only_o the_o force_n of_o portugal_n and_o arragon_n keep_v they_o in_o awe_n raymund_n prince_n of_o moor_n arragon_n be_v in_o great_a renown_n for_o his_o perpetual_a good_a fortune_n which_o be_v such_o that_o lope_n the_o moorish_a king_n of_o murcia_n be_v subject_a to_o he_o and_o in_o france_n he_o have_v take_v above_o 30_o stronghold_n and_o the_o town_n of_o trencataye_n which_o he_o destroy_v from_o the_o family_n of_o beauce_n who_o invade_v provence_n the_o emperor_n frederick_n who_o have_v favour_v his_o enemy_n seek_v his_o friendship_n and_o a_o league_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o they_o raymund_n have_v bring_v out_o of_o castille_n rica_fw-la the_o widow_n of_o the_o emperor_n alonso_n and_o his_o daughter_n sancha_n contract_v to_o his_o own_o son_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o rica_fw-la who_o be_v his_o kinswoman_n shall_v marry_v raymund_n berengarius_fw-la earl_n of_o provence_n who_o thereupon_o shall_v possess_v all_o the_o say_a earldom_n of_o provence_n and_o the_o city_n arles_n with_o its_o territory_n to_o ratify_v this_o agreement_n it_o be_v resolve_v both_o raymunds_n shall_v meet_v the_o emperor_n at_o turin_n on_o the_o first_o of_o august_n in_o the_o year_n 1162._o on_o the_o way_n thither_o 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the_o queen_n petronilla_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o nobility_n resign_v over_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n to_o her_o son_n than_o 13_o year_n of_o age._n raymund_n earl_n of_o provence_n who_o have_v some_o time_n govern_v catalonia_n for_o his_o cousin_n return_v home_o and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1166._o king_n alonso_z receive_v the_o news_n at_o girona_n by_o advice_n of_o the_o nobility_n call_v himself_o marquis_n of_o provence_n for_o they_o pretend_v by_o the_o 1166._o emperor_n grant_n that_o country_n be_v not_o only_o give_v to_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o provence_n but_o to_o raymund_n prince_n of_o arragon_n and_o his_o heir_n which_o occasion_v war_n in_o france_n chap._n iu._n alonso_n the_o young_a king_n of_o castille_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n recover_v most_o of_o his_o dominion_n join_v in_o league_n with_o the_o aragonian_a and_o marry_v ellenor_n daughter_n to_o henry_n ii_o king_n of_o england_n some_o action_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o leon._n in_o castille_n the_o people_n grow_v weary_a of_o the_o king_n of_o leon_n invite_v their_o young_a king_n alonso_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n promise_v all_o will_v declare_v for_o he_o these_o castille_n invitation_n and_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o nobility_n prevail_v and_o he_o resolve_v to_o depart_v from_o avila_n and_o visit_v the_o principal_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1168._o as_o some_o 1168._o write_v i_o rather_o believe_v two_o year_n soon_o by_o the_o computation_n of_o time_n for_o when_o his_o father_n die_v he_o be_v 4_o year_n of_o age_n and_o at_o this_o time_n 11._o he_o be_v not_o deceive_v for_o many_o city_n receive_v he_o with_o joy_n and_o furnish_v all_o necessary_n for_o he_o and_o his_o retinue_n which_o at_o first_o consist_v of_o only_a a_o few_o noble_n and_o a_o guard_n of_o 150_o horse_n furnish_v by_o the_o city_n avila_n this_o be_v a_o small_a force_n to_o recover_v so_o many_o place_n as_o the_o king_n of_o leon_n hold_v with_o strong_a garrison_n the_o king_n encourage_v by_o success_n resolve_v to_o try_v toledo_n but_o fear_v ferdinand_n ruiz_n de_fw-fr castro_n who_o hold_v it_o will_v not_o be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o deliver_v that_o city_n stephen_n illan_n a_o citizen_n of_o note_n have_v build_v the_o church_n of_o s._n romanus_n in_o the_o high_a part_n of_o the_o city_n and_o adjoin_v to_o it_o a_o tower_n which_o serve_v as_o well_o for_o strength_n as_o a_o ornament_n he_o be_v a_o enemy_n to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n and_o therefore_o get_v private_o out_o of_o the_o city_n he_o convey_v the_o king_n disguised_z into_o the_o tower_n then_o set_v up_o the_o royal_a standard_n he_o give_v notice_n the_o king_n be_v there_o whereupon_o the_o citizen_n run_v to_o arm_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n flee_v to_o huete_n a_o town_n then_o very_o strong_a as_o lie_v upon_o the_o frontier_n expose_v to_o the_o moor_n the_o people_n of_o toledo_n as_o well_o those_o who_o have_v be_v against_o admit_v the_o king_n as_o the_o most_o he_o loyal_a express_v great_a joy_n and_o nothing_o resound_v but_o god_n save_o the_o king_n stephen_n illan_n for_o his_o good_a service_n be_v much_o honour_v and_o make_v governor_n of_o the_o city_n after_o his_o death_n the_o citizen_n cause_v his_o picture_n on_o horseback_n to_o be_v draw_v on_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o cathedral_n behind_o the_o high_a altar_n where_o it_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v the_o king_n enter_v toledo_n upon_o friday_n the_o 26_o of_o august_n on_o michaelmass-day_n follow_v die_v john_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n when_o he_o have_v govern_v that_o church_n with_o much_o applause_n 16_o year_n cerebrunus_n or_o cenebrunus_n succeed_v he_o a_o man_n grateful_a to_o king_n alonso_n have_v teach_v he_o the_o first_o rudiment_n of_o learning_n he_o have_v be_v archdeacon_n of_o toledo_n and_o bishop_n of_o siguença_n and_o it_o be_v think_v be_v a_o frenchman_n the_o king_n after_o secure_v toledo_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o manrique_n earl_n of_o lara_n his_o general_n march_v against_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n who_o refuse_v not_o to_o meet_v he_o be_v support_v by_o the_o people_n of_o huete_n that_o stand_v firm_a to_o he_o two_o league_n from_o that_o town_n at_o a_o place_n call_v garcinaharro_n they_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n fight_v in_o a_o disguise_n d._n manrique_n with_o all_o his_o might_n charge_v a_o gentleman_n that_o be_v arm_v like_o a_o general_n and_o kill_v he_o believe_v it_o have_v be_v ferdinand_n but_o be_v himself_o soon_o after_o slay_v by_o one_o of_o the_o say_v ferdinand_n follower_n the_o general_n be_v kill_v the_o king_n force_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n rebel_n nuno_n brother_n to_o manrique_n understand_v the_o deceit_n use_v by_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n lay_v treachery_n to_o his_o charge_n

and_o challenge_v he_o as_o be_v then_o usual_a but_o some_o person_n of_o piety_n interpose_v the_o business_n be_v mitigate_v yet_o the_o hatred_n betwixt_o those_o two_o family_n can_v not_o be_v root_v out_o many_o town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n adhere_v to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n therefore_o the_o king_n forbear_v for_o the_o present_a contend_v with_o he_o and_o bend_v his_o force_n another_o way_n recover_v many_o place_n that_o be_v not_o garrison_v it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o try_v the_o castle_n of_o zurita_n seat_v on_o a_o hill_n at_o the_o foot_n whereof_o run_v the_o river_n tagus_n lope_n zurita_n arenas_n hold_v it_o as_o lieutenant_n to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n be_v summon_v he_o excuse_v himself_o say_v the_o king_n be_v not_o yet_o at_o the_o age_n appoint_v by_o his_o father_n will_n and_o that_o he_o be_v but_o lieutenant_n and_o can_v not_o surrender_v without_o leave_n of_o his_o lord_n no_o hope_n remain_v of_o a_o surrender_n it_o 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dominick_n treachery_n eye_n to_o be_v put_v out_o as_o a_o example_n of_o treachery_n yet_o allow_v he_o a_o maintenance_n which_o be_v afterward_o take_v away_o and_o he_o put_v to_o death_n for_o that_o he_o boast_v of_o his_o wickedness_n the_o army_n be_v dismiss_v and_o d._n lope_n de_fw-fr haro_n much_o commend_v return_v home_o have_v refuse_v present_n that_o be_v offer_v he_o because_o the_o king_n treasury_n be_v exhaust_v this_o gentleman_n be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v the_o town_n of_o haro_n not_o far_o from_o the_o river_n ebro_n the_o king_n go_v to_o toledo_n whither_o he_o have_v summon_v the_o general_n assembly_n call_v cortes_n or_o parliament_n and_o there_o it_o be_v consult_v how_o to_o settle_v the_o kingdom_n and_o recover_v those_o place_n that_o will_v not_o submit_v this_o year_n be_v remarkable_a for_o great_a rain_n and_o flood_n particular_o at_o toledo_n the_o river_n tagus_n swell_v till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o church_n of_o s._n isidorus_n the_o follow_a year_n flood_n on_o the_o 8_o of_o february_n there_o be_v a_o earthquake_n in_o that_o city_n a_o thing_n not_o usual_a and_o therefore_o think_v to_o presage_v more_o trouble_n ferdinand_n king_n of_o leon_n have_v marry_v vrraca_n the_o daughter_n of_o alonso_n king_n of_o portugal_n by_o who_o he_o have_v alonso_n who_o succeed_v he_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v divorce_v from_o the_o queen_n on_o account_n of_o consanguinity_n this_o divorce_n produce_v enmity_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o much_o harm_n be_v do_v on_o both_o side_n king_n ferdinand_n be_v busy_a repair_v the_o town_n ruin_v by_o the_o war_n and_o build_v other_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o a_o banish_a portague_n he_o build_v cuidad_fw-es rodrigo_n on_o the_o border_n of_o portugal_n to_o be_v a_o check_n to_o those_o people_n hence_o arise_v disgust_n which_o end_v build_v in_o open_a enmity_n king_n ferdinand_n though_o affable_a and_o courteous_a be_v brave_a and_o resolute_a and_o fear_v not_o at_o once_o to_o engage_v both_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o portugal_n king_n alonso_z of_o castille_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1170._o hold_v the_o cortes_n or_o parliament_n at_o burgos_n where_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o since_o he_o be_v at_o the_o age_n of_o 15_o appoint_v by_o his_o father_n will_n for_o deliver_v 1170._o all_o city_n town_n and_o castle_n into_o his_o hand_n there_o shall_v be_v war_n declare_v against_o all_o such_o parliament_n as_o withhold_v any_o from_o he_o not_o except_v king_n ferdinand_n who_o still_o be_v possess_v of_o a_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n that_o war_n many_o difficulty_n intervening_a be_v defer_v for_o some_o time_n the_o great_a man_n lest_o they_o shall_v be_v repute_v traitor_n now_o no_o excuse_n be_v leave_v obey_v among_o the_o first_o be_v ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n who_o fear_v his_o enemy_n and_o the_o king_n displeasure_n renounce_v his_o country_n as_o the_o custom_n be_v then_o go_v over_o to_o the_o moor_n whence_o he_o cease_v not_o to_o do_v harm_n upon_o the_o land_n of_o the_o christian_n it_o be_v also_o propose_v in_o the_o cortes_n or_o parliament_n to_o set_v on_o foot_n a_o treaty_n of_o marriage_n between_o the_o king_n and_o the_o lady_n ellenor_n daughter_n to_o henry_n ii_o king_n of_o england_n and_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o aquitain_n after_o this_o alonso_z king_n of_o arragon_n have_v a_o interview_n with_o his_o cousin_n the_o king_n of_o castille_n at_o sahagun_n where_o a_o league_n be_v conclude_v between_o they_o thence_o the_o two_o king_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o july_n go_v to_o zaragoça_n from_o thence_o a_o embassy_n be_v send_v to_o treat_v about_o the_o arragon_n king_n marriage_n cerebrunus_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n be_v principal_a of_o the_o embassy_n with_o he_o go_v raymund_n bishop_n of_o palencia_n and_o other_o prelate_n and_o nobleman_n at_o bourdeaux_n the_o treaty_n be_v conclude_v whence_o the_o lady_n come_v into_o spain_n attend_v not_o only_o by_o those_o that_o go_v for_o she_o but_o by_o bernard_n bishop_n of_o that_o city_n and_o many_o other_o person_n of_o note_n mean_a while_n the_o king_n of_o castille_n and_o arragon_n have_v make_v a_o league_n offensive_a and_o defensive_a against_o all_o prince_n except_o the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o respect_n to_o the_o marriage_n in_o hand_n for_o england_n the_o more_o security_n cautionary_a town_n be_v give_v on_o both_o side_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v najara_n and_o biguerra_n he_o of_o castille_n ariza_n and_o daroca_n the_o bride_n be_v come_v to_o taraçona_n there_o the_o nuptial_n be_v celebrate_v with_o great_a pomp_n in_o the_o month_n of_o september_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n give_v she_o her_o jointure_n be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o castille_n burgos_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n and_o many_o other_o town_n and_o half_a of_o all_o that_o shall_v be_v take_v from_o the_o moor_n for_o the_o king_n ravish_v with_o the_o beauty_n of_o his_o bride_n endeavour_v to_o exceed_v all_o his_o predecessor_n in_o liberality_n lope_n the_o moorish_a king_n of_o murcia_n be_v doubtless_o in_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n for_o i_o find_v he_o go_v to_o toledo_n about_o this_o time_n king_n alonso_z of_o arragon_n be_v about_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o on_o account_n that_o he_o refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o tribute_n he_o pay_v to_o his_o father_n but_o they_o agree_v and_o he_o consent_v to_o pay_v upon_o condition_n king_n alonso_n shall_v not_o uphold_v the_o maçemute_n his_o enemy_n all_o the_o solemnity_n be_v perform_v at_o taraçona_n the_o two_o christian_a king_n part_v and_o public_a rejoice_n be_v again_o celebrate_v at_o burgos_n after_o that_o the_o troop_n of_o avila_n which_o till_o then_o have_v attend_v the_o king_n be_v dismiss_v great_a privilege_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o city_n avila_n for_o its_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n in_o the_o worst_a of_o time_n then_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n set_v out_o for_o toledo_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o rhoda_n have_v the_o head_n of_o valerius_n bishop_n of_o zaragoça_n translate_v to_o that_o city_n from_o rhoda_n where_o it_o have_v be_v till_o then_o garsendis_fw-la princess_n of_o bearn_n by_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n and_o brother_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o confirm_v the_o contract_n make_v that_o she_o shall_v not_o marry_v without_o his_o leave_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n she_o be_v marry_v to_o william_n of_o moncada_n a_o nobleman_n and_o seneschal_n of_o catalonia_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o proof_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v better_a to_o leave_v it_o dubious_a than_o attempt_n to_o decide_v it_o on_o either_o side_n chap._n v._o the_o league_n make_v against_o peter_n ruiz_n de_fw-fr azagra_n

that_o they_o may_v have_v no_o shelter_n there_o he_o die_v in_o november_n follow_v at_o montpelier_n the_o dominion_n of_o the_o moor_n in_o spain_n be_v now_o go_v to_o decay_v and_o king_n ferdinand_n be_v castilian_n sensible_a of_o it_o resolve_v to_o push_n on_o its_o ruin_n therefore_o he_o invade_v their_o territory_n take_v some_o small_a place_n and_o besiege_a jaen_n but_o can_v not_o take_v it_o because_o beside_o a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o infidel_n alvero_n perez_n de_fw-fr castro_n have_v renounce_v his_o country_n and_o allegiance_n be_v within_o with_o 160_o perfidious_a christian_n that_o follow_v he_o this_o alvero_n be_v son_n to_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr castro_n who_o die_v at_o morocco_n thence_o the_o king_n remove_v to_o priego_n a_o town_n so_o strong_a that_o the_o moor_n have_v carry_v all_o their_o good_n thither_o for_o security_n yet_o it_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n and_o all_o within_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n except_o a_o few_o who_o retire_v to_o 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also_o confute_v the_o error_n of_o the_o albigenses_n he_o compose_v these_o book_n as_o he_o himself_o testify_v by_o order_n of_o queen_n berengaria_n a_o very_a devout_a lady_n and_o great_a favourer_n of_o virtuous_a and_o learned_a men._n thus_o it_o appear_v those_o heretic_n have_v at_o that_o time_n creep_v into_o spain_n chap._n viii_o the_o war_n with_o the_o moor_n renew_v the_o island_n of_o majorca_n conquer_a by_o the_o arragonian_n the_o pope_n legate_n disannul_v the_o marriage_n of_o king_n jayme_n on_o account_n of_o consanguinity_n raymund_n earl_n of_o toulouze_n a_o heretic_n reduce_v the_o citizen_n of_o baeça_n besiege_v the_o castle_n which_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v in_o the_o hand_n castille_n of_o the_o christian_n they_o though_o few_o in_o number_n be_v furnish_v with_o provision_n hold_v out_o till_o king_n ferdinand_n come_v with_o a_o great_a army_n the_o moor_n not_o only_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o abandon_v the_o city_n retire_v further_o into_o 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castle_n and_o his_o daughter_n now_o die_v in_o spain_n among_o other_o person_n of_o note_n d._n ramiro_n bishop_n of_o pamplona_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o navarre_n peter_n ramirez_n succeed_v he_o in_o who_o time_n pope_n gregory_n ix_o take_v that_o church_n and_o its_o prelate_n under_o his_o protection_n which_o be_v the_o same_o as_o exempt_n they_o from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o spanish_a metropolitan_n in_o arragon_n the_o king_n by_o policy_n reduce_v the_o factious_a nobility_n his_o uncle_n ferdinand_n he_o again_o take_v into_o favour_n upon_o condition_n he_o arragon_n shall_v promise_v that_o the_o conspirator_n will_v quit_v the_o engagement_n they_o have_v make_v to_o one_o another_o d._n sancho_n bishop_n of_o zaragoça_n press_v to_o have_v those_o town_n that_o belong_v to_o his_o brother_n peter_n de_fw-fr ahones_n and_o have_v be_v seize_v by_o the_o

loss_n be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o considerable_a to_o the_o moor_n for_o that_o the_o territory_n of_o those_o two_o town_n maintain_v many_o other_o castle_n which_o be_v now_o necessitate_v to_o surrender_v among_o these_o be_v peniscola_n castellon_n and_o bunol_n d._n ximeno_n de_fw-fr vrrea_n take_v alcalaten_n which_o be_v christian_n therefore_o give_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n the_o most_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o vrreas_n and_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n far_o on_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n xucar_n our_o force_n by_o night_n surprise_v almazora_n the_o moor_n fly_v without_o offer_v to_o resist_v king_n ferdinand_n have_v settle_v the_o kingdom_n of_o leon_n leave_v the_o queen_n there_o to_o gain_v the_o affection_n of_o those_o people_n and_o gather_v a_o powerful_a army_n in_o castille_n to_o prosecute_v the_o war_n in_o andaluzia_n which_o have_v be_v of_o late_o interrupt_v he_o lay_v siege_n to_o vbeda_n which_o be_v a_o great_a city_n and_o but_o a_o league_n distant_a from_o baeza_n be_v very_o strong_a well_o garrison_v and_o store_v with_o provision_n yet_o the_o king_n resolution_n make_v all_o easy_a and_o it_o be_v surrender_v to_o he_o the_o inhabitant_n article_v only_o for_o life_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o military_a order_n take_v medellin_n alfanges_n and_o santacruz_n this_o joy_n have_v some_o allay_n of_o trouble_n for_o the_o death_n of_o the_o queen_n who_o depart_v this_o life_n at_o toro_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o huelgas_n her_o body_n be_v afterward_o translate_v to_o sevill_n where_o she_o lie_v by_o her_o husband_n with_o who_o she_o have_v live_v love_o vbeda_n be_v take_v the_o king_n return_v to_o toledo_n resolve_v again_o for_o leon_n to_o secure_v the_o affection_n of_o those_o people_n the_o garrison_n of_o vbeda_n make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o cordova_n take_v some_o of_o those_o old_a soldier_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o keep_v garrison_n who_o the_o moor_n call_v 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of_o st._n peter_n and_o st._n paul_n and_o immediate_o the_o cross_n and_o royal_a standard_n be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o steeple_n of_o the_o great_a mosque_n which_o be_v consecrate_a by_o several_a bishop_n who_o follow_v the_o army_n f._n lope_n a_o monk_n of_o fitero_n near_o pisuerga_n be_v the_o first_o bishop_n of_o that_o see_n because_o the_o moor_n 260_o year_n before_o have_v cause_v the_o bell_n from_o santiago_n in_o galicia_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o this_o city_n on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o the_o christian_n he_o now_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v back_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o moor_n all_o the_o infidel_n depart_v the_o city_n be_v leave_v desolate_a which_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o grant_v extraordinary_a privilege_n to_o such_o as_o will_v come_v and_o inhabit_v there_o great_a number_n resort_v to_o who_o land_n and_o house_n be_v give_v

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limit_n and_o conquest_n of_o each_o party_n assign_v by_o this_o contract_n almansa_n sarasulla_n leon._n and_o the_o river_n cabriolo_n be_v allot_v to_o murcia_n to_o valencia_n biara_n saxona_n alarca_n and_o finestrato_n all_o thing_n be_v settle_v the_o prince_n part_v king_n jayme_n lay_v siege_n to_o xativa_n and_o have_v it_o surrender_v to_o he_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o the_o summer_n this_o city_n stand_v in_o a_o pleasant_a country_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n xucar_n prince_z alonso_z and_o d._n james_n de_fw-fr haro_n make_v haste_n to_o the_o siege_n of_o sevil._n alhamar_n also_o king_n of_o sevil_n join_v king_n ferdinand_n with_o a_o good_a body_n of_o man_n and_o that_o so_o opportune_o that_o the_o christian_a soldier_n weary_a of_o so_o tedious_a a_o siege_n be_v about_o abandon_v the_o camp_n sickness_n that_o begin_v to_o spread_v among_o they_o great_o discourage_v they_o winter_n be_v spend_v and_o no_o great_a advance_v make_v king_n ferdinand_n himself_o tire_v with_o so_o many_o difficulty_n be_v dubious_a whether_o to_o raise_v or_o continue_v the_o siege_n the_o reinforce_v besiege_a in_o a_o sally_n have_v burn_v our_o engine_n and_o overturn_v the_o work_n now_o scoff_v at_o our_o man_n from_o the_o wall_n nevertheless_o the_o siege_n be_v continue_v with_o so_o much_o the_o more_o resolution_n because_o fresh_a supply_n come_v daily_o into_o the_o camp_n thither_o repair_v the_o bishop_n d._n john_n arias_n of_o santiago_n but_o fall_v sick_a make_v no_o stay_n d._n garcia_n of_o cordova_n d._n sancho_n of_o coria_n also_o the_o master_n of_o calatrava_n and_o the_o prince_n frederick_n and_o henry_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o noble_n it_o be_v hard_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o city_n to_o secure_v all_o the_o avenue_n though_o they_o be_v strict_o watch_v boniface_n the_o admiral_n desire_v to_o destroy_v the_o bridge_n provide_v two_o great_a ship_n which_o with_o the_o flood_n and_o a_o strong_a westerly_a wind_n with_o full_a sail_n so_o violent_o bear_v upon_o it_o that_o the_o chain_n which_o hold_v the_o boat_n can_v not_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o shock_n thus_o the_o bridge_n be_v cut_v off_o on_o the_o 3d_o of_o may_n to_o the_o great_a joy_n of_o the_o army_n break_v flushed_a with_o this_o success_n the_o soldier_n on_o a_o sudden_a give_v a_o onset_n on_o all_o side_n labour_v to_o make_v a_o breach_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o instrument_n so_o resolute_o that_o the_o besiege_a be_v in_o great_a danger_n their_o resolution_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o wall_n overcome_v the_o labour_n of_o the_o christian_n provision_n beginning_n to_o fail_v and_o no_o hope_n of_o relief_n appear_v the_o citizen_n at_o first_o in_o whispers_z begin_v to_o talk_v of_o a_o surrender_n soon_o after_o it_o become_v the_o public_a discourse_n and_o at_o last_o they_o demand_v a_o parley_n the_o commissioner_n send_v out_o to_o treat_v be_v for_o submit_v to_o any_o condition_n except_o deliver_v the_o city_n and_o the_o king_n will_v hearken_v to_o nothing_o less_o than_o a_o surrender_n whilst_o the_o treaty_n last_v a_o truce_n be_v conclude_v upon_o at_o first_o they_o offer_v to_o pay_v the_o same_o they_o have_v always_o do_v to_o the_o miramamolines_n this_o offer_n be_v reject_v they_o propose_v to_o deliver_v the_o three_o part_n and_o then_o half_a the_o city_n to_o be_v separate_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o wall_n over_z and_o above_o those_o revenue_n king_n ferdinand_n admit_v of_o no_o proposal_n less_o than_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o city_n at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o this_o conclusion_n that_o the_o moorish_a king_n with_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n carry_v all_o their_o good_n might_n free_o depart_v whither_o they_o please_v that_o up_o except_v sanlucar_n aznalfarache_fw-la and_o niebla_n all_o other_o town_n and_o castle_n depend_v on_o sevil_n shall_v be_v deliver_v up_o a_o month_n be_v allow_v for_o performance_n of_o article_n the_o castle_n be_v present_o deliver_v up_o and_o on_o the_o 27_o of_o november_n 100000_o moor_n man_n woman_n and_o child_n march_v out_o of_o the_o city_n some_o go_v over_o into_o africa_n the_o rest_n be_v disperse_v into_o other_o town_n and_o city_n in_o spain_n this_o siege_n last_v 16_o month_n during_o which_o time_n the_o camp_n be_v like_o a_o city_n all_o thing_n be_v there_o plentiful_o sell_v in_o shop_n regular_o dispose_v and_o smith_n carpenter_n and_o other_o necessary_a trade_n continual_o work_v on_o the_o 22d_o of_o december_n the_o king_n in_o great_a state_n enter_v the_o city_n and_o hear_v mass_n in_o the_o cathedral_n which_o to_o that_o purpose_n have_v be_v bless_v by_o gutierre_n late_a elect_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n in_o the_o place_n of_o john_n who_o die_v on_o the_o 23d_o of_o july_n raymund_n de_fw-fr losana_n be_v choose_v archbishop_n of_o the_o new_a city_n sevil_n

the_o wrong_n he_o do_v his_o father_n yet_o the_o kingdom_n he_o unjust_o usurp_v he_o govern_v prudent_o at_o avila_n he_o perform_v his_o father_n exequy_n with_o magnificence_n and_o at_o toledo_n lay_v aside_o his_o mourn_a put_v on_o the_o royal_a robe_n the_o gentry_n who_o have_v be_v against_o he_o now_o throng_v to_o make_v their_o court_n either_o in_o hope_n to_o appease_v he_o or_o else_o to_o hide_v what_o be_v conceal_v in_o their_o heart_n the_o new_a king_n at_o present_a dissemble_v yet_o resolve_v as_o soon_o as_o settle_v to_o vent_v his_o rage_n all_o the_o nobility_n and_o commons_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o daughter_n elizabeth_n as_o heiress_n in_o case_n he_o have_v no_o issue_n male._n this_o be_v do_v to_o exclude_v the_o two_o brother_n his_o nephew_n who_o just_a cause_n many_o yet_o favour_v king_n sancho_n resolve_v to_o gain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n who_o have_v those_o young_a prince_n in_o custody_n and_o be_v then_o prepare_v to_o besiege_v albarazin_n be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o bear_v with_o the_o insolence_n of_o d._n john_n nunez_n de_fw-fr lara_n therefore_o king_n sancho_n because_o he_o can_v not_o go_v in_o person_n send_v a_o good_a body_n of_o man_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n against_o that_o common_a enemy_n this_o do_v he_o go_v away_o for_o sevil_n because_o prince_n john_n his_o brother_n endeavour_v to_o possess_v himself_o of_o that_o city_n by_o virtue_n of_o his_o father_n last_o will_n but_o the_o citizen_n oppose_v he_o and_o be_v head_v by_o d._n alvar_n nunez_n de_fw-fr lara_n these_o dispute_v cease_v upon_o the_o come_n of_o the_o new_a king_n who_o cause_v his_o brother_n to_o desist_v to_o this_o city_n come_v ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o morocco_n to_o settle_v peace_n but_o be_v send_v away_o with_o scorn_n which_o provoke_v the_o moor_n to_o invade_v spain_n again_o king_n sancho_n to_o oppose_v they_o provide_v a_o 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their_o general_n william_n cornutus_n sail_v towards_o naples_n offer_v battle_n to_o charles_n the_o lame_a prince_n sea_n of_o salerno_n and_o son_n to_o king_n charles_n who_o be_v ready_a with_o a_o mighty_a fleet_n to_o pass_v over_o into_o sicily_n many_o and_o particular_o the_o pope_n legate_n advise_v the_o prince_n not_o to_o fight_v but_o he_o give_v no_o ear_n to_o they_o the_o battle_n be_v bloody_a but_o in_o conclusion_n the_o french_a be_v beat_v and_o prince_n charles_n take_v author_n differ_v about_o the_o number_n of_o vessel_n on_o each_o side_n the_o most_o receive_a opinion_n be_v that_o the_o arragonian_n have_v 42_o galley_n and_o the_o french_a 70._o this_o battle_n be_v fight_v on_o the_o 23d_o of_o june_n and_o the_o arragonian_n make_v use_n of_o their_o victory_n take_v several_a town_n in_o italy_n three_o day_n after_o the_o defeat_n king_n charles_n arrive_v at_o gaeta_n with_o 20_o galley_n from_o provence_n and_o there_o understand_v how_o his_o son_n be_v condemn_v to_o death_n at_o mecina_n by_o the_o sicilian_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o conradine_n execute_v by_o the_o french_a after_o he_o be_v take_v in_o battle_n the_o queen_n save_v he_o on_o pretence_n of_o acquaint_v her_o husband_n yet_o such_o be_v the_o fury_n of_o the_o people_n that_o they_o break_v the_o prison_n and_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n 60_o other_o prisoner_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n as_o if_o he_o have_v no_o war_n abroad_o now_o lay_v siege_n to_o albarazin_n and_o furious_o batter_v it_o the_o city_n be_v natural_o strong_a well_o fortify_v and_o have_v a_o good_a garrison_n of_o hardy_a soldier_n yet_o provision_n fall_v short_a d._n john_n nunez_n de_fw-fr lara_n resolve_v arragon_n to_o make_v his_o escape_n but_o advise_v the_o garrison_n to_o hold_v out_o whilst_o he_o go_v to_o navarre_n where_o he_o be_v sure_a of_o succour_n after_o his_o departure_n the_o city_n hold_v out_o a_o few_o day_n and_o then_o despair_v of_o relief_n surrender_v on_o michaelmas_n day_n the_o garrison_n consist_v of_o french_a and_o navarrois_n who_o be_v all_o dismiss_v and_o people_n bring_v from_o the_o neighbourhood_n as_o well_o to_o inhabit_v the_o place_n as_o till_o the_o land_n the_o king_n have_v a_o bastard-son_n by_o the_o lady_n agnes_n zapata_n to_o he_o he_o have_v before_o give_v algezira_n and_o liria_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o valencia_n and_o now_o give_v he_o the_o city_n albarazin_n this_o be_v the_o end_n of_o that_o principality_n for_o many_o year_n possess_v by_o the_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o açagras_n chap._n vi_o the_o french_a invade_v catalonia_n take_v girona_n and_o retire_v back_o to_o france_n with_o loss_n the_o king_n of_o morocco_n besieges_n xeres_n and_o be_v repulse_v the_o death_n of_o the_o four_o king_n of_o france_n arragon_n naples_n and_o morrocco_n after_o the_o take_n of_o albarazin_n a_o great_a storm_n threaten_v the_o king_n of_o arragon_n from_o france_n the_o aragonian_a alone_n be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v the_o french_a and_o therefore_o have_v recourse_n french_a to_o foreign_a aid_n he_o send_v ambassador_n into_o germany_n to_o the_o emperor_n rodulphus_fw-la who_o be_v a_o cautious_a man_n and_o at_o that_o time_n in_o war_n with_o the_o switser_n give_v only_o good_a word_n king_n sancho_n at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n have_v conference_n with_o he_o at_o ciria_n and_o borobia_n two_o town_n about_o soria_n where_o they_o make_v a_o league_n and_o promise_v to_o assist_v one_o another_o the_o king_n of_o morocco_n design_v to_o make_v war_n in_o andaluzia_n the_o french_a waste_v the_o frontier_n of_o arragon_n and_o jayme_n king_n of_o majorca_n side_v with_o they_o 18000_o moorish_a horse_n besiege_v xerez_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr frontera_n and_o make_v incursion_n as_o far_o as_o sevil._n king_n sancho_n go_v with_o speed_n to_o toledo_n where_o charles_n earl_n of_o artois_n ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o france_n expect_v he_o his_o chief_a business_n be_v to_o procure_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o king_n be_v two_o nephew_n and_o persuade_v king_n sancho_n not_o to_o have_v to_o do_v with_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n who_o be_v excommunicate_v by_o the_o pope_n the_o king_n answer_n in_o public_a be_v that_o he_o will_v send_v ambassador_n to_o adjust_a all_o thing_n in_o france_n and_o private_o he_o declare_v himself_o much_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o friend_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n lay_v siege_n to_o tudela_n in_o navarre_n by_o that_o mean_n to_o divert_v the_o french_a who_o design_v to_o pass_v into_o arragon_n through_o russillon_n that_o city_n be_v brave_o defend_v by_o d._n john_n nunez_n de_fw-fr lara_n who_o lose_v albarazin_n and_o be_v more_o successful_a in_o the_o affair_n of_o other_o than_o his_o own_o all_o the_o country_n about_o be_v waste_v and_o the_o frontier_n town_n of_o arragon_n strong_o garrison_v to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n this_o do_v because_o winter_n come_v on_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n return_v to_o zaragoça_n there_o he_o spend_v the_o remainder_n of_o this_o year_n and_o beginning_n of_o the_o next_o which_o be_v 1285_o in_o which_o on_o the_o seven_o of_o january_n charles_n king_n of_o naples_n depart_v this_o life_n at_o fogia_n a_o town_n of_o apulia_n be_v wear_v out_o with_o misfortune_n and_o grieve_v at_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o his_o son_n 1285._o die_v this_o prince_n have_v be_v famous_a as_o well_o in_o peace_n as_o war_n have_v the_o end_n of_o his_o life_n be_v suitable_a to_o the_o beginning_n age_n make_v he_o feel_v the_o inconstancy_n of_o fortune_n as_o it_o have_v happen_v to_o many_o beside_o the_o vigour_n of_o the_o french_a be_v decay_v and_o they_o debauch_v with_o ease_n and_o pleasure_n and_o their_o governor_n make_v the_o king_n odious_a through_o their_o avarice_n and_o

he_o can_v expect_v to_o gain_v by_o rebel_a sicily_n be_v now_o distress_a with_o war._n roger_n lauria_fw-la serve_v the_o french_a and_o fortune_n seem_v sicily_n to_o incline_v to_o the_o side_n he_o take_v many_o town_n in_o italy_n be_v take_v by_o his_o conduct_n whereupon_o in_o sicily_n he_o be_v attaint_v of_o treason_n and_o a_o great_a estate_n that_o have_v be_v give_v he_o for_o his_o good_a service_n be_v confiscate_v soon_o after_o have_v take_v the_o city_n cantazara_n in_o calabria_n and_o besiege_v the_o castle_n he_o be_v overthow_v in_o battle_n by_o a_o much_o less_o number_n of_o the_o enemy_n many_o of_o his_o man_n slay_v and_o the_o rest_n escape_v by_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o night_n his_o too_o great_a contempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o face_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o misfortune_n roger_n lauria_fw-la himself_n be_v wound_v lurk_v about_o some_o time_n till_o he_o make_v his_o escape_n into_o arragon_n meditate_v revenge_n be_v the_o more_o sensible_a of_o this_o disgrace_n for_o that_o it_o be_v the_o first_o that_o befall_v he_o from_o arragon_n the_o king_n and_o roger_n lauria_fw-la set_v sail_n with_o a_o mighty_a fleet_n in_o which_o be_v no_o less_o than_o 80_o galley_n they_o go_v direct_o to_o rome_n where_o the_o pope_n blessed_v their_o standard_n and_o give_v they_o his_o benediction_n at_o naples_n robert_n duke_n of_o calabria_n join_v they_o with_o another_o squadron_n they_o scour_v the_o coast_n of_o sicily_n where_o at_o first_o they_o find_v less_o opposition_n than_o have_v be_v expect_v the_o city_n patti_n and_o some_o other_o place_n about_o it_o be_v take_v then_o turn_v cape_n milazzo_n near_o mecina_n and_o pass_v the_o straight_a they_o come_v to_o the_o city_n siracusa_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o it_o whilst_o the_o force_n of_o arragon_n be_v employ_v at_o that_o siege_n the_o people_n of_o patti_n run_v to_o arm_n expel_v the_o garrison_n and_o besiege_v the_o castle_n which_o be_v possess_v by_o the_o arragonian_n john_n lauria_fw-la be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n with_o 20_o galley_n to_o relieve_v the_o besiege_v and_o furnish_v they_o with_o provision_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n but_o as_o he_o return_v be_v beat_v by_o the_o mecinese_n who_o lie_v in_o wait_n for_o he_o with_o a_o squadron_n in_o the_o straight_a and_o he_o with_o 16_o of_o his_o galley_n take_v the_o occasion_n of_o this_o disaster_n be_v thus_o the_o sicilian_n be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o that_o swell_a and_o rapid_a streight_n where_o they_o fight_v which_o be_v betwixt_o italy_n and_o sicily_n siracusa_n hold_v out_o brave_o be_v encourage_v by_o king_n frederick_n who_o lie_v not_o far_o off_o wait_v to_o lay_v hold_n on_o any_o advantage_n that_o arragonian_n shall_v offer_v thus_o the_o arragonian_n be_v constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n have_v lose_v 18000_o man_n by_o sickness_n at_o mecina_n john_n lauria_fw-la be_v try_v and_o condemn_v as_o a_o traitor_n and_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o roger_n lauria_fw-la rave_v with_o passion_n know_v that_o affront_n be_v offer_v to_o he_o but_o can_v not_o then_o seek_v revenge_n be_v go_v into_o spain_n with_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o winter_n be_v over_o they_o both_o return_v to_o sicily_n with_o a_o great_a fleet_n than_o before_o robert_n and_o philip_n the_o king_n of_o naples_n his_o two_o son_n join_v they_o by_o the_o way_n they_o sail_v together_o to_o cape_n orlando_n near_o the_o city_n patti_n the_o fleet_n consist_v of_o 56_o galley_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o vessel_n king_n frederick_n find_v his_o man_n in_o heart_n since_o their_o last_o success_n though_o inferior_a in_o strength_n not_o have_v above_o 40_o galley_n resolve_v to_o fight_n but_o be_v defeat_v several_a of_o his_o galley_n take_v and_o the_o rest_n put_v to_o flight_n roger_n lauria_fw-la in_o revenge_n for_o his_o sea_n cousin_n use_v great_a cruelty_n towards_o the_o prisoner_n kill_v many_o of_o they_o and_o among_o other_o conrade_z lança_o a_o man_n of_o note_n which_o draw_v the_o catalonian_o into_o great_a hatred_n king_n frederick_n himself_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n for_o after_o a_o brave_a defence_n he_o faint_v away_o and_o yet_o his_o man_n bring_v off_o his_o galley_n which_o with_o a_o few_o other_o get_v into_o mecina_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n return_v into_o spain_n be_v call_v by_o his_o people_n but_o the_o pope_n and_o king_n of_o naples_n be_v offend_v at_o he_o that_o memorable_a battle_n be_v fight_v on_o a_o saturday_n be_v the_o four_o of_o july_n 1299._o the_o same_o year_n die_v at_o rome_n gonçalo_n cardinal_n and_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n as_o appear_v 1299_o by_o the_o inscription_n on_o his_o tomb_n in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n marry_o the_o great_a in_o that_o city_n d._n gonçalo_n the_o iiid_n his_o nephew_n succeed_v he_o the_o french_a who_o remain_v in_o sicily_n to_o prosecute_v their_o victory_n divide_v their_o force_n robert_n and_o roger_n lauria_fw-la lay_v siege_n to_o rendazzo_n a_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o midway_n between_o patti_n and_o catanea_n philip_n duke_n of_o taranto_n go_v with_o part_n of_o the_o fleet_n to_o scour_v the_o coast_n about_o cape_n trapana_n king_n frederick_n come_v upon_o he_o so_o unexpected_o that_o he_o be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n which_o occasion_v a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n and_o those_o two_o nation_n conclude_v a_o alliance_n as_o fortunate_a as_o the_o war_n have_v be_v destructive_a it_o be_v now_o the_o last_o year_n of_o this_o century_n viz._n 1300._o remarkable_a for_o the_o jubilee_n first_o institute_v 1300_o by_o pope_n boniface_n who_o ordain_v that_o every_o hundred_o year_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o full_a remission_n institute_v of_o sin_n to_o all_o those_o that_o visit_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n clement_n the_o vith_o reduce_v it_o to_o every_o 50_o year_n and_o afterward_o sixtus_n the_o ivth_o consider_v the_o shortness_n of_o man_n life_n to_o 25._o in_o biscay_n this_o year_n be_v build_v the_o famous_a city_n bilbao_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ibaisebolo_fw-it build_v two_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n a_o place_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o bermeo_n all_o remove_v thither_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n found_v a_o university_n at_o lerida_n navarre_n enjoy_v a_o perfect_a peace_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o viceroy_n alonso_n roleedo_n who_o send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o queen_n of_o castille_n then_o at_o valladolid_n to_o demand_v restitution_n of_o all_o the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o atapuerca_n a_o town_n near_o burgos_n allege_v it_o appertain_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o navarre_n and_o have_v be_v wrongful_o possess_v by_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n the_o queen_n entertain_v the_o ambassador_n noble_o but_o give_v they_o no_o satisfactory_a answer_n whereupon_o they_o repair_v to_o d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n and_o d._n john_n nunez_n de_fw-fr lara_n who_o have_v in_o vain_a attempt_v valencia_n be_v retire_v to_o duenas_n d._n alonso_n have_v hear_v the_o ambassador_n easy_o grant_v what_o he_o have_v not_o and_o d._n john_n de_fw-fr lara_n be_v send_v to_o france_n to_o desire_v succour_n little_o be_v do_v in_o that_o matter_n though_o d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr cerda_n and_o his_o brother_n both_o follow_v d._n john_n into_o france_n for_o they_o get_v nothing_o but_o good_a word_n and_o leave_v to_o raise_v man_n in_o navarre_n the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n in_o flanders_n they_o according_o form_v a_o body_n in_o navarre_n and_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o calahorra_n be_v rout_v by_o d._n john_n alonso_n de_fw-fr haro_n lord_n of_o cameros_n d._n john_n de_fw-fr lara_n be_v take_v and_o can_v not_o be_v release_v till_o he_o deliver_v up_o all_o the_o town_n he_o hold_v for_o the_o king_n and_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n make_v use_v of_o this_o occasion_n to_o take_v from_o he_o the_o town_n of_o albarazin_n he_o have_v before_o give_v he_o 1301_o prince_n john_n the_o king_n uncle_n submit_v himself_o in_o the_o year_n 1301._o upon_o these_o condition_n viz._n that_o he_o shall_v forbear_v still_v himself_o king_n and_o restore_v all_o place_n take_v during_o the_o war_n k._n that_o he_o shall_v leave_v the_o lordship_n of_o biscay_n to_o which_o he_o pretend_v a_o title_n by_o his_o wife_n to_o d._n james_n lopez_n de_fw-fr haro_n that_o in_o lieu_n thereof_o the_o town_n of_o medina_n de_fw-fr ruyseco_n castronuno_n mansilla_n paredes_n and_o cebreros_n be_v give_v he_o to_o support_v his_o dignity_n chap._n iii_o of_o raimundus_n lullus_n and_o the_o master_n of_o calatrava_n the_o marriage_n of_o king_n

in_o poverty_n yet_o wicked_o and_o hate_a by_o all_o men._n thus_o he_o soon_o endure_v the_o punishment_n of_o his_o short_a pleasure_n be_v severe_o chastise_v by_o the_o hand_n of_o god_n as_o he_o have_v well_o deserve_v the_o end_n of_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o book_n the_o history_n of_o spain_n book_n xxiii_o chap._n i._n the_o council_n of_o mantua_n beginning_n of_o tumult_n in_o castille_n war_n at_o naples_n betwixt_o the_o arragonian_n and_o house_n of_o anjou_n scanderbag_n prince_n of_o epirus_n come_v to_o the_o assistance_n of_o ferdinand_n king_n of_o naples_n pope_n pius_n the_o second_o have_v appoint_v a_o general_n council_n to_o meet_v at_o mantua_n a_o great_a number_n of_o bishop_n from_o all_o part_n and_o ambassador_n of_o prince_n repair_v thither_o as_o mantua_n do_v the_o pope_n himself_o his_o only_a care_n be_v to_o stir_v up_o all_o christendom_n to_o unite_v its_o force_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n david_n emperor_n of_o trebizonde_n a_o city_n in_o asia_n the_o lesser_a upon_o the_o euxine_a sea_n ussumcassanus_n king_n of_o armenia_n and_o george_n who_o style_v himself_o king_n of_o persia_n offer_v great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n and_o a_o mighty_a fleet_n but_o there_o be_v little_a confidence_n to_o be_v repose_v in_o their_o promise_n the_o western_a country_n be_v so_o entangle_v with_o broil_n and_o confusion_n at_o home_n that_o little_o can_v be_v hope_v from_o they_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o difficulty_n the_o pope_n be_v not_o discourage_v but_o resolve_v to_o use_v his_o utmost_a endeavour_n to_o promote_v the_o holy_a war_n and_o therefore_o in_o a_o full_a assembly_n of_o those_o that_o come_v to_o the_o council_n make_v a_o most_o learned_a speech_n lay_v before_o they_o how_o great_a a_o reproach_n to_o christianity_n the_o loss_n of_o the_o eastern_a empire_n have_v be_v and_o how_o much_o near_o since_o that_o time_n the_o danger_n threaten_v all_o the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o world_n he_o press_v for_o some_o prince_n to_o encourage_v that_o war_n by_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o be_v general_n and_o then_o offer_v to_o carry_v the_o cross_n before_o they_o himself_o his_o word_n move_v the_o auditory_a but_o the_o ambassador_n of_o prince_n waste_v the_o time_n in_o private_a controversy_n particular_o john_n duke_n of_o lorraine_n son_n to_o renee_n duke_n of_o anjou_n complain_v that_o the_o pope_n have_v give_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o ferdinand_n his_o enemy_n thus_o nothing_o be_v do_v to_o any_o purpose_n only_o a_o verbal_a decree_n be_v make_v for_o carry_v on_o the_o war._n the_o pope_n publish_v a_o bull_n in_o which_o contrary_a to_o his_o own_o opinion_n at_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n he_o ordain_v that_o none_o shall_v appeal_v from_o the_o pope_n to_o a_o general_n council_n thus_o the_o council_n be_v dissolve_v the_o eight_o month_n after_o the_o open_n of_o it_o the_o aragonian_a ambassador_n after_o the_o council_n break_v up_o go_v away_o to_o naples_n to_o congratulate_v with_o the_o new_a king_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o that_o crown_n inigo_n lopez_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n the_o ambassador_n of_o castille_n obtain_v of_o the_o pope_n a_o jubilee_n for_o all_o that_o give_v certain_a alm_n employ_v to_o build_v at_o tendilla_n a_o monastery_n of_o friar_n of_o st._n isidorus_n of_o the_o invocation_n of_o st._n ann._n mean_v while_o the_o city_n guadalajara_n be_v take_v from_o his_o brother_n james_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n he_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o it_o wrongful_o john_n fernandez_n galindo_n a_o famous_a officer_n surprise_v it_o with_o 600_o horse_n this_o the_o noble_n take_v for_o a_o new_a cause_n of_o discontent_n and_o combine_v against_o the_o king_n d._n ●●ederick_a the_o admiral_n heighten_v their_o discontent_n he_o solicit_v his_o son-in-law_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n to_o join_v with_o the_o seditious_a nobility_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o castille_n with_o he_o join_v the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n d._n peter_n giron_n master_n of_o calatrava_n and_o the_o family_n of_o manrique_n and_o mendoça_n their_o pretence_n be_v to_o reform_v the_o government_n d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr fonseca_n archbishop_n of_o sevil_n give_v the_o king_n a_o account_n of_o these_o practice_n as_o a_o reward_n for_o this_o good_a service_n the_o archbishopric_n of_o santiago_n vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o d._n roderick_n de_fw-fr luna_n be_v give_v to_o a_o kinsman_n of_o he_o call_v also_o alonso_n de_fw-fr fonseca_n who_o be_v dean_n of_o sevil._n d._n luis_n osorio_n have_v then_o possess_v himself_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o that_o church_n confide_v in_o the_o power_n of_o his_o father_n the_o earl_n of_o trastamara_n none_o but_o a_o person_n of_o great_a authority_n can_v reduce_v he_o and_o therefore_o the_o two_o archbishop_n change_v see_v by_o the_o king_n consent_n the_o church_n of_o pamplona_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o d._n martin_n de_fw-fr peralta_n be_v give_v to_o cardinal_n besarion_n a_o greek_a but_o very_o learned_a and_o of_o a_o godly_a life_n the_o trouble_n of_o naples_n be_v the_o chief_a thing_n that_o disturb_a pope_n pius_n otherwise_o whole_o anjou_n bend_v upon_o the_o holy_a war._n the_o war_n begin_v again_o to_o break_v out_o betwixt_o john_n the_o son_n of_o renee_n and_o the_o new_a king_n ferdinand_n most_o of_o the_o neapolitan_a nobility_n as_o give_v to_o change_n favour_v the_o house_n of_o anjou_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v in_o arm_n be_v anthony_n centellas_n marquis_n of_o croton_n who_o have_v get_v his_o liberty_n meditate_a revenge_n but_o the_o king_n be_v too_o quick_a and_o again_o lay_v he_o in_o prison_n martin_n marciano_n though_o marry_v to_o ellenor_n the_o king_n sister_n head_v the_o rebel_n many_o join_v with_o he_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o prince_n of_o taranto_n anthony_n cardora_n and_o john_n paul_n duke_n of_o sora._n francis_n sforcia_n duke_n of_o milan_n be_v at_o the_o council_n of_o mantua_n advise_v the_o pope_n to_o enter_v into_o league_n with_o king_n ferdinand_n for_o that_o the_o french_a be_v expel_v italy_n all_o difficulty_n that_o obstruct_v the_o war_n with_o the_o turk_n will_v be_v easy_o surmount_v the_o pope_n approve_v of_o this_o council_n but_o it_o be_v not_o easy_o to_o be_v put_v into_o execution_n for_o that_o king_n ferdinand_n be_v then_o besiege_v in_o barletta_n a_o city_n of_o apulia_n and_o know_v not_o well_o how_o to_o defend_v himself_o the_o pope_n will_v send_v he_o no_o relief_n because_o the_o enemy_n have_v secure_v all_o the_o avenue_n by_o land_n therefore_o he_o send_v to_o george_n scanderbag_n prince_n of_o epirus_n naples_n than_o a_o most_o renown_a general_n who_o understand_v the_o pope_n will_n send_v before_o coicus_n strosius_n with_o 500_o albanian_a horse_n and_o soon_o after_o gather_v a_o good_a fleet_n sail_v to_o ragusa_n and_o thence_o to_o barleta_n immediate_o upon_o his_o arrival_n the_o rebel_n raise_v the_o siege_n king_n ferdinand_n have_v join_v the_o succour_n send_v he_o by_o the_o pope_n and_o duke_n of_o milan_n overthrow_v his_o enemy_n in_o battle_n and_o soon_o recover_v the_o town_n that_o hold_v for_o they_o scanderbag_n have_v spend_v a_o year_n in_o this_o expedition_n return_v home_o well_o satisfy_v with_o the_o king_n who_o give_v he_o and_o his_o heir_n the_o city_n trani_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o st._n john_n and_o siponto_n after_o this_o he_o obtain_v several_a victory_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o die_v at_o the_o end_n of_o seven_o year_n leave_v a_o son_n call_v john_n under_o the_o care_n of_o the_o venetian_n nevertheless_o he_o order_v he_o till_o he_o can_v recover_v his_o principality_n to_o live_v at_o naples_n upon_o what_o estate_n that_o king_n have_v give_v he_o from_o he_o be_v descend_v the_o most_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o castriot_n marquess_n of_o civita_n de_fw-fr santangelo_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n in_o spain_n charles_n prince_n of_o viana_n have_v obtain_v pardon_v for_o himself_o and_o his_o follower_n and_o the_o promise_n of_o a_o competent_a revenue_n for_o his_o maintenance_n come_v from_o majorca_n to_o barcelona_n on_o the_o 22d_o of_o march_n 1460._o it_o be_v propose_v to_o marry_v he_o with_o catherine_n sister_n 1460._o to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n when_o the_o match_n be_v as_o good_a as_o conclude_v the_o king_n of_o castille_n take_v it_o off_o offer_v he_o his_o sister_n elizabeth_n with_o assurance_n of_o obtain_v what_o he_o desire_v of_o his_o father_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o castille_n hereupon_o prince_n charles_n no_o far_o think_v of_o the_o match_n with_o portugal_n and_o the_o princess_n catherine_n go_v into_o the_o monastery_n of_o she_o clare_n at_o lisbon_n where_o she_o end_v her_o day_n at_o such_o time_n as_o it_o be_v design_v to_o marry_v she_o to_o edward_n iv._o

ampurias_fw-la and_o pardon_v all_o past_a fault_n which_o high_o oblige_v the_o earl_n of_o benavente_n his_o cousin_n it_o be_v now_o the_o easy_a to_o content_v he_o because_o he_o have_v lose_v all_o hope_n of_o marry_v the_o princess_n joanna_n she_o be_v go_v from_o escalona_n to_o truxillo_n in_o order_n to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n the_o town_n of_o perpignan_n be_v press_v with_o a_o long_a siege_n surrender_v on_o the_o 14_o of_o march_n upon_o condition_n the_o aragonian_a ambassador_n detain_v in_o france_n shall_v be_v release_v and_o the_o townsman_n have_v liberty_n either_o to_o stay_v there_o or_o depart_v whither_o they_o please_v a_o truce_n for_o 6_o month_n be_v conclude_v between_o france_n and_o arragon_n king_n ferdinand_n send_v a_o embassy_n into_o france_n to_o propose_v a_o peace_n and_o treat_v about_o restore_a russillon_n the_o king_n of_o france_n receive_v the_o ambassador_n honourable_o and_o send_v one_o to_o castille_n to_o propose_v a_o match_n betwixt_o the_o dauphin_n and_o the_o princess_n of_o castille_n which_o if_o conclude_v he_o promise_v supply_n of_o man_n and_o money_n to_o reduce_v the_o nobility_n of_o that_o kingdom_n and_o to_o stand_v to_o the_o judgement_n of_o arbitrator_n as_o to_o the_o affair_n of_o russillon_n king_n ferdinand_n be_v not_o averse_a from_o this_o proposal_n but_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n resent_v it_o and_o complain_v that_o such_o important_a affair_n shall_v be_v manage_v without_o his_o privity_n above_o all_o he_o fear_v lest_o the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n shall_v endeavour_v to_o set_v up_o another_o king_n in_o castille_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n be_v ready_a on_o the_o frontier_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 5000_o horse_n and_o 14000_o foot_n thus_o all_o hope_n of_o accommodation_n be_v take_v away_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n prepare_v for_o war._n andrew_n de_fw-fr cabrera_n to_o make_v himself_o the_o more_o acceptable_a deliver_v up_o the_o royal_a treasure_n for_o which_o he_o be_v create_v marquis_n of_o moya_n earl_n of_o chinchon_n and_o hereditary_a governor_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o segovia_n medina_n del_fw-it campo_n a_o great_a town_n of_o trade_n be_v secure_v to_o the_o king_n interest_n the_o castle_n be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n the_o rendezvous_n be_v at_o valladolid_n whither_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n go_v and_o soon_o gather_v a_o indifferent_a army_n king_n ferdinand_n stay_v in_o old_a castille_n where_o the_o people_n be_v well_o affect_v towards_o he_o and_o queen_n elizabeth_z pass_v the_o mountain_n to_o endeavour_v to_o appease_v the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n but_o he_o to_o avoid_v see_v she_o go_v away_o from_o alcalà_fw-fr to_o brihuega_n a_o strong_a little_a town_n pretend_v there_o be_v a_o design_n to_o kill_v he_o peter_n fernandez_n de_fw-fr velasco_n the_o constable_n send_v by_o the_o queen_n upon_o the_o same_o errand_n can_v not_o prevail_v with_o he_o however_o the_o queen_n labour_n be_v not_o lose_v for_o she_o secure_v toledo_n put_v a_o garrison_n into_o that_o city_n and_o expel_v the_o earl_n of_o cifuentes_n and_o john_n de_fw-fr ribera_n who_o favour_v the_o archbishop_n she_o go_v not_o to_o madrid_n because_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr villena_n hold_v the_o castle_n this_o do_v she_o return_v to_o segovia_n to_o coin_v all_o the_o silver_n and_o gold_n that_o be_v there_o king_n ferdinand_n secure_v salamanca_n but_o the_o house_n of_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o other_o party_n be_v plunder_v zamora_n open_v the_o gate_n to_o he_o but_z alonso_z de_fw-fr valencia_n the_o governor_n will_v not_o deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n of_o which_o he_o be_v governor_n he_o think_v not_o fit_a to_o attempt_v reduce_v it_o by_o force_n nor_o to_o go_v to_o toro_n fear_v john_n de_fw-fr vlloa_n a_o powerful_a citizen_n who_o be_v inclinable_a to_o favour_v the_o portuguese_n have_v deserve_v death_n for_o several_a crime_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n be_v come_v to_o valladolid_n the_o city_n of_o alcaraz_n submit_v to_o they_o and_o the_o citizen_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n the_o earl_n of_o paredes_n the_o lord_n of_o coca_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o avila_n assist_v the_o townsman_n and_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr villena_n come_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o find_v himself_o too_o weak_a desist_v this_o loss_n move_v he_o by_o letter_n to_o hasten_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n that_o king_n be_v on_o the_o frontier_n near_o badajoz_n in_o may_n upon_o the_o 18_o day_n of_o which_o month_n he_o have_v a_o grandson_n bear_v at_o lisbon_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o good_a omen_n he_o be_v call_v alonso_n be_v swear_v heir_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o live_v not_o long_o the_o earl_n of_o feria_n who_o stand_v firm_a to_o king_n ferdinand_n be_v in_o badajoz_n and_o have_v late_o take_v a_o town_n call_v xerez_n the_o portuguese_n ought_v to_o have_v take_v the_o right_a hand_n way_n and_o break_v into_o andaluzia_n where_o carmona_n ezija_n and_o cordova_n be_v for_o they_o so_o that_o have_v secure_v sevil_n they_o have_v leave_v no_o enemy_n behind_o they_o yet_o they_o turn_v to_o the_o left_a and_o march_v through_o estremadura_n to_o plasencia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n be_v contract_v to_o the_o princess_n joanna_n and_o though_o they_o consummate_v not_o the_o marriage_n expect_v a_o dispensation_n because_o of_o the_o near_a kindred_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o yet_o they_o be_v crown_v and_o proclaim_a heiress_n king_n and_o queen_n of_o castille_n here_o the_o king_n create_v lope_n de_fw-fr albuquerque_n earl_n of_o penamacor_n to_o reward_v his_o labour_n in_o gain_v the_o nobility_n of_o castille_n a_o manifesto_n be_v also_o publish_v and_o send_v to_o all_o part_n declare_v the_o right_n of_o the_o princess_n joanna_n and_o reflect_v on_o king_n ferdinand_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n the_o war_n break_v out_o in_o several_a part_n at_o the_o same_o time_n villena_n with_o its_o dependency_n be_v infest_a with_o force_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o valencia_n hereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o city_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o paredes_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o declare_v for_o king_n ferdinand_n have_v first_o capitulate_v that_o they_o shall_v for_o ever_o be_v incorporate_v in_o the_o crown_n of_o castille_n cuidad_fw-es real_a be_v recover_v from_o the_o master_n of_o calatrava_n who_o have_v possess_v himself_o thereof_o without_o any_o other_o right_o than_o that_o of_o arms._n great_a havoc_n be_v make_v by_o both_o party_n in_o andaluzia_n and_o galicia_n peter_n alvarado_n save_v the_o city_n tuy_n for_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n the_o citizen_n of_o burgos_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o that_o city_n which_o inigo_n the_o zuniga_n the_o governor_n and_o d._n luis_n de_fw-fr acuna_n the_o bishop_n hold_v for_o the_o portuguese_n that_o king_n be_v call_v upon_o on_o every_o side_n know_v not_o whither_o to_o go_v first_o the_o nobility_n fail_v in_o their_o supply_n of_o man_n money_n and_o provision_n the_o people_n hate_v the_o portuguese_n and_o they_o themselves_o begin_v to_o grow_v weary_a of_o the_o war_n perceive_v king_n ferdinand_n who_o at_o the_o time_n they_o break_v into_o castille_n have_v scarce_o 500_o horse_n now_o head_v a_o army_n of_o 10000_o horse_n and_o 30000_o foot_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n march_v first_o to_o arevalo_n a_o town_n that_o be_v for_o he_o and_o thence_o go_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o toro_n and_o samora_n king_n ferdinand_n march_v after_o he_o and_o encamp_v near_o toro_n where_o the_o enemy_n be_v design_v to_o relieve_v that_o castle_n which_o still_o hold_v out_o for_o he_o no_o action_n happen_v betwixt_o they_o king_n ferdinand_n send_v a_o challenge_n by_o a_o herald_n the_o portague_n answer_v his_o force_n be_v disperse_v yet_o offer_v to_o accept_v of_o single_a combat_n therefore_o king_n ferdinand_n not_o be_v able_a to_o relieve_v the_o castle_n which_o be_v at_o last_o surrender_v provision_n and_o money_n grow_v scarce_o return_v to_o medina_n del_fw-it campo_n the_o cortes_n assemble_v in_o that_o city_n grant_v he_o towards_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n half_o the_o silver_n and_o gold_n of_o the_o church_n provide_v he_o engage_v to_o restore_v it_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o kingdom_n be_v free_a from_o war._n then_o he_o send_v out_o to_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o burgos_n many_o say_v king_n ferdinand_n retire_v from_o toro_n through_o fear_n and_o that_o it_o denote_v a_o ill_a posture_n of_o affair_n certain_a it_o be_v it_o move_v the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n without_o regard_v the_o prayer_n of_o all_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n to_o go_v away_o and_o join_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n with_o 500_o horse_n he_o and_o the_o duke_n of_o arevalo_n advise_v that_o king_n to_o march_v in_o

small_a labour_n that_o remain_v cheerful_o put_v they_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o rich_a booty_n that_o place_n will_v afford_v 300_o choose_a man_n advance_v and_o come_v late_o at_o night_n to_o the_o wall_n perceive_v no_o noise_n in_o the_o castle_n they_o apply_v their_o scaling-ladder_n and_o mount_v the_o wall_n christian_n the_o first_o that_o get_v up_o be_v john_n the_o ortega_n than_o another_o john_n bear_v at_o toledo_n and_o the_o three_o martin_n galindo_n all_o three_o resolute_a soldier_n they_o kill_v the_o sentinel_n who_o be_v asleep_a and_o some_o other_o then_o open_v the_o gate_n all_o the_o other_o rush_v in_o the_o townsman_n speedy_o cast_v up_o work_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o castle_n and_o be_v attack_v at_o break_v of_o day_n by_o our_o man_n but_o without_o success_n sancho_n de_fw-fr avila_n governor_n of_o carmona_n and_o martin_n de_fw-fr rojas_n of_o arcos_n bebe_v too_o forward_o be_v both_o kill_v in_o the_o castle-gate_n any_o delay_n be_v dangerous_a because_o granada_n be_v but_o 8_o league_n off_o some_o be_v for_o demolish_n the_o castle_n and_o retire_v the_o bold_a sort_n be_v against_o quit_v the_o enterprise_n upon_o any_o account_n this_o advice_n prevail_v and_o the_o town_n be_v assault_v on_o all_o side_n some_o from_o without_o scale_v the_o wall_n thither_o the_o moor_n bend_v their_o whole_a force_n which_o give_v those_o in_o the_o castle_n a_o opportunity_n of_o enter_v the_o town_n on_o that_o side_n a_o resolute_a fight_n be_v maintain_v in_o the_o street_n the_o christian_n be_v the_o better_a soldier_n but_o the_o infidel_n more_o numerous_a yet_o both_o party_n stand_v their_o ground_n till_o night_n when_o such_o as_o remain_v of_o the_o enemy_n retire_v to_o a_o mosque_n where_o many_o be_v kill_v and_o the_o rest_n make_v slave_n thus_o the_o loss_n of_o zahara_n be_v double_o repay_v this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o that_o tedious_a and_o bloody_a war._n alhama_n be_v take_v on_o 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to_o every_o man_n fancy_n but_o what_o most_o trouble_v they_o be_v to_o see_v those_o who_o carry_v the_o standard_n to_o church_n to_o be_v bless_v look_v extraordinary_o melancholy_a other_o laugh_v at_o all_o these_o observation_n as_o at_o vain_a and_o accidental_a thing_n the_o day_n follow_v the_o king_n go_v away_o to_o ezija_n all_o person_n of_o any_o note_n strive_v to_o have_v part_n in_o that_o undertake_n according_a as_o have_v be_v resolve_v they_o march_v to_o loxa_n where_o they_o encamp_v and_o entrench_v themselves_o near_o the_o suburb_n among_o olive_n garden_n on_o that_o side_n where_o the_o river_n xenil_n be_v so_o straighten_v by_o high_a bank_n that_o it_o be_v not_o sordable_a the_o ground_n be_v straight_o and_o not_o proper_a for_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o citizen_n be_v master_n of_o the_o bridge_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o pass_v the_o river_n near_o this_o place_n be_v a_o hill_n call_v albohacen_n which_o be_v commodious_a to_o hinder_v the_o enemy_n 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and_o the_o new_a king_n retire_v to_o capua_n which_o he_o have_v fortify_v but_o be_v betray_v to_o the_o french_a by_o trivulcio_n a_o milanese_n the_o governor_n whilst_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v at_o capua_n the_o great_a turk_n brother_n die_v other_o say_v it_o be_v at_o naples_n whether_o the_o king_n march_v and_o be_v receive_v into_o that_o most_o noble_a city_n without_o any_o resistance_n upon_o sunday_n the_o 22d_o of_o february_n the_o new_a king_n ferdinand_n before_o the_o french_a come_v abandon_v all_o and_o retire_v to_o castelnovo_n where_o be_v the_o queen-dowager_n her_o daughter_n frederick_n the_o king_n uncle_n and_o many_o other_o lord_n thence_o he_o go_v to_o the_o castle_n del_fw-it ovo_fw-la and_o last_o over_o to_o sicily_n to_o wait_v some_o turn_n of_o fortune_n but_o the_o french_a be_v so_o fortunate_a that_o in_o 15_o day_n after_o their_o enter_v upon_o the_o border_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o submit_v to_o they_o to_o the_o utmost_a 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the_o french_a be_v intolerable_a the_o duke_n of_o milan_n be_v perplex_v for_o that_o the_o duke_n of_o orlcans_n have_v secure_v the_o city_n novara_n beside_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o french_a endeavour_v to_o draw_v the_o genoeses_n from_o his_o subjection_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v force_v with_o great_a submission_n to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o venetian_n for_o their_o assistance_n the_o king_n of_o france_n understanding_n what_o have_v happen_v resolve_v to_o return_v with_o all_o speed_n before_o the_o way_n be_v stop_v before_o his_o departure_n he_o appoint_v gilbert_n duke_n of_o monpensier_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o blood_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n with_o he_o he_o leave_v part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o some_o able_a commander_n he_o also_o send_v to_o the_o pope_n to_o ask_v of_o he_o the_o investiture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o to_o let_v he_o know_v he_o desire_v to_o pass_v through_o rome_n to_o confer_v with_o his_o holiness_n about_o important_a affair_n as_o to_o the_o investiture_n the_o pope_n answer_v he_o be_v ready_a to_o do_v justice_n according_a as_o he_o shall_v find_v and_o as_o for_o his_o go_v to_o rome_n it_o can_v not_o be_v without_o some_o great_a disorder_n because_o the_o people_n be_v enrage_v against_o the_o french_a this_o unpleasing_a answer_n make_v the_o king_n hasten_v his_o journey_n he_o set_v out_o from_o naples_n on_o the_o 20_o of_o may_n be_v come_v to_o rome_n he_o find_v the_o pope_n be_v retire_v to_o perosa_fw-la from_o rome_n he_o go_v into_o tuscany_n spend_v some_o day_n at_o sienna_n and_o without_o enter_v florence_n go_v home_o on_o to_o pisa_n the_o florentine_n demand_v the_o restitution_n of_o that_o city_n as_o have_v be_v promise_v they_o but_o the_o people_n of_o pisa_n prevail_v upon_o he_o thence_o he_o go_v into_o lombardy_n where_o francis_n marquis_n of_o mantua_n general_n of_o the_o venetian_n come_v to_o cut_v off_o his_o retreat_n the_o french_a be_v few_o in_o number_n will_v have_v avoid_v fight_v and_o endeavour_v to_o join_v the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n but_o it_o can_v not_o be_v the_o enemy_n meet_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n tarro_n which_o run_v within_o a_o league_n of_o the_o city_n parma_n the_o venetian_n lie_v near_o fornovo_n a_o village_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n the_o french_a at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o valley_n there_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v french_a which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a that_o have_v happen_v long_o in_o italy_n at_o first_o the_o italian_n have_v the_o better_a but_o then_o fall_v to_o plunder_v and_o seize_v the_o cannon_n the_o french_a have_v leisure_n to_o rally_v and_o return_v upon_o the_o enemy_n with_o such_o fury_n that_o they_o break_v they_o with_o a_o mighty_a slaughter_n the_o king_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n all_o his_o guard_n be_v slay_v and_o though_o the_o victor_n can_v not_o obtain_v of_o the_o enemy_n a_o truce_n for_o three_o day_n wherefore_o he_o be_v force_v to_o steal_v away_o to_o aste_n without_o beat_v of_o drum_n it_o be_v no_o small_a help_n to_o he_o in_o his_o retreat_n that_o the_o river_n be_v swell_v with_o the_o rain_n the_o italian_n can_v not_o so_o soon_o pass_v it_o to_o pursue_v he_o yet_o he_o sustain_v much_o loss_n by_o the_o light_a horse_n that_o keep_v in_o his_o rear_n and_o the_o countrypeople_n who_o take_v arm_n to_o secure_v the_o pass_n above_o 4000_o italian_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o fight_n the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n immediate_o sit_v down_o before_o novara_n where_o he_o much_o distress_v the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n scarce_o be_v the_o king_n go_v from_o naples_n when_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o kingdom_n begin_v to_o change_v french_a the_o fleet_n of_o spain_n command_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o trivento_n lay_v at_o meçina_n thither_o come_v

from_o aste_n he_o summon_v the_o duke_n of_o savoy_n and_o marquis_n of_o monferrat_n as_o feudatary_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o they_o refuse_v to_o obey_v as_o do_v the_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n because_o he_o have_v refuse_v he_o the_o investiture_n of_o modena_n and_o reggio_n which_o be_v feofe_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o emperor_n design_n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o french_a possess_v themselves_o of_o genoa_n which_o they_o have_v attempt_v beside_o the_o king_n of_o france_n in_o his_o way_n from_o naples_n have_v set_v free_a the_o city_n pisa_n before_o subject_a to_o the_o florentine_n to_o maintain_v this_o liberty_n the_o people_n of_o pisa_n have_v recourse_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n and_o particular_o to_o the_o venetian_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n covet_v that_o city_n and_o therefore_o advise_v the_o emperor_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o florentine_n in_o defence_n of_o it_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o emperor_n in_o person_n lay_v siege_n to_o leghorn_n but_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v it_o without_o do_v any_o thing_n material_a he_o have_v little_a confidence_n in_o the_o prince_n that_o send_v for_o he_o vain_a and_o therefore_o think_v of_o return_v into_o germany_n and_o consult_v at_o pavia_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o milan_n and_o cardinal_n bernardin_n de_fw-fr carvajal_n the_o pope_n legate_n about_o this_o his_o design_n this_o cardinal_n persuade_v he_o to_o stay_v and_o succour_n genoa_n which_o be_v in_o danger_n but_o now_o come_v news_n which_o break_v all_o their_o measure_n which_o be_v that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n have_v conclude_v a_o truce_n suppose_v to_o be_v a_o introduction_n to_o a_o peace_n it_o happen_v in_o this_o manner_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o war_n in_o naples_n spain_n be_v apprehensive_a no_o less_o a_o storm_n will_v fall_v upon_o it_o because_o several_a inroad_n have_v be_v make_v into_o france_n and_o the_o warlike_a preparation_n make_v by_o the_o french_a be_v great_a this_o move_v the_o catholic_n king_n to_o stay_v some_o time_n at_o girona_n with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o man_n he_o have_v gather_v from_o all_o part_n but_o autumn_n be_v spend_v and_o he_o desirous_a to_o return_v to_o burgos_n whither_o he_o order_v the_o queen_n to_o repair_v to_o celebrate_v the_o marriage_n of_o the_o prince_n the_o army_n break_v up_o and_o he_o go_v away_o the_o king_n of_o france_n have_v intelligence_n hereof_o on_o a_o sudden_a gather_v above_o 18000_o men._n charles_n de_fw-fr alboin_n command_v upon_o that_o frontier_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o bourbon_n governor_n of_o languedoc_n he_o with_o those_o force_n break_v into_o rosillon_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o salsas_n the_o key_n of_o that_o earldom_n but_o ill_o fortify_v for_o though_o it_o have_v a_o good_a garrison_n the_o work_n be_v old_a for_o this_o reason_n the_o next_o day_n after_o he_o come_v before_o it_o which_o be_v the_o 8_o of_o october_n he_o take_v the_o town_n by_o assault_n and_o the_o castle_n upon_o composition_n many_o of_o the_o defendant_n be_v kill_v d._n henry_n enriquez_n haste_v thither_o with_o what_o force_n he_o can_v gather_v and_o halt_v at_o ribasalta_n a_o league_n from_o salsas_n at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o place_n be_v lose_v he_o pursue_v the_o enemy_n who_o quit_v the_o town_n as_o not_o tenable_a and_o retire_v to_o the_o wood_n above_o salsas_n resolve_v not_o to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n both_o army_n lay_v some_o day_n within_o a_o league_n of_o one_o another_o a_o treaty_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n and_o at_o last_o a_o truce_n be_v conclude_v on_o that_o side_n to_o last_o till_o the_o 17_o of_o january_n of_o the_o follow_a year_n 1497._o this_o truce_n raise_v great_a jealousy_n betwixt_o the_o confederate_a prince_n fear_v lest_o the_o catholic_n king_n shall_v abandon_v they_o and_o make_v a_o peace_n by_o himself_o hereupon_o the_o emperor_n leave_v italy_n and_o soon_o return_v into_o germany_n without_o have_v do_v ne_o any_o thing_n worth_n mention_v after_o that_o by_o the_o pope_n order_n virginius_n ursinus_n and_o his_o son_n be_v contrary_a to_o article_n urfini_n apprehend_v the_o pope_n send_v the_o duke_n of_o gandia_n and_o urbino_n and_o fabricius_n colona_n with_o his_o force_n to_o invade_v their_o dominion_n they_o take_v some_o town_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o fort_n brachano_n charles_n ursinus_n and_o vitelocius_fw-la have_v raise_v some_o force_n to_o divert_v they_o from_o the_o siege_n sit_v down_o before_o vasano_n a_o town_n of_o the_o church_n the_o enemy_n though_o inferior_a in_o number_n march_v towards_o the_o ursini_n and_o they_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n wherein_o the_o ursini_n be_v at_o first_o worsted_n but_o rally_v put_v their_o enemy_n to_o flight_n the_o duke_n of_o gandia_n be_v wound_v and_o the_o duke_n of_o urbino_n take_v this_o defeat_n oblige_v the_o pope_n to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o ursini_n the_o great_a captain_n have_v a_o hand_n in_o this_o affair_n and_o the_o ursini_n be_v much_o oblige_v to_o the_o catholic_n king_n the_o great_a captain_n come_v now_o to_o rome_n and_o at_o the_o pope_n request_n lay_v siege_n to_o ostia_n which_o the_o french_a be_v still_o possess_v of_o and_o after_o eight_o day_n siege_n take_v it_o by_o assault_n as_o the_o great_a captain_n take_v his_o leave_n of_o the_o pope_n to_o return_v to_o naples_n the_o pope_n tell_v he_o his_o king_n be_v much_o oblige_v to_o he_o and_o do_v not_o act_v answerable_o to_o his_o obligation_n but_o that_o no_o man_n know_v he_o so_o well_o as_o himself_o gonçalo_n fernandez_n take_v the_o liberty_n to_o answer_v that_o he_o doubt_v not_o he_o know_v he_o as_o be_v his_o subject_n but_o that_o it_o be_v ingratitude_n to_o say_v he_o owe_v he_o any_o obligation_n since_o the_o catholic_n king_n be_v the_o only_a support_n of_o he_o and_o his_o family_n therefore_o he_o beg_v he_o to_o behave_v himself_o better_a and_o not_o scandalize_v the_o church_n lest_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o abandon_v he_o the_o truth_n be_v he_o be_v so_o wicked_a that_o several_a prince_n send_v their_o ambassador_n to_o warn_v he_o to_o moderate_v his_o extravagancy_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a soon_o after_o in_o a_o assembly_n of_o the_o cardinal_n convene_v to_o give_v the_o investiture_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n to_o king_n frederick_n he_o also_o propose_v the_o give_v the_o city_n benevento_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o gandia_n and_o release_n the_o king_n of_o naples_n of_o the_o tribute_n they_o pay_v to_o the_o church_n for_o land_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n nothing_o can_v have_v stop_v his_o proceed_n but_o the_o unhappy_a death_n of_o that_o duke_n on_o the_o 14_o of_o june_n the_o duke_n and_o cardinal_n of_o valencia_n and_o borgia_n have_v supp_v in_o a_o garden_n as_o the_o duke_n murder_v return_v home_o he_o send_v his_o footman_n for_o his_o arm_n who_o return_v find_v he_o not_o nor_o can_v any_o tiding_n be_v hear_v of_o he_o the_o next_o day_n after_o much_o inquiry_n a_o waterman_n say_v that_o about_o midnight_n he_o see_v three_o man_n carry_v one_o a_o cross_a a_o mule_n who_o they_o cast_v over_o the_o bridge_n and_o one_o ask_v whether_o he_o sink_v the_o other_o say_v he_o do_v and_o so_o they_o go_v away_o the_o place_n be_v search_v the_o body_n be_v find_v with_o nine_o wound_n and_o nothing_o take_v from_o he_o it_o can_v never_o be_v know_v who_o be_v the_o murderer_n some_o say_v the_o ursini_n but_o the_o common_a report_n go_v that_o it_o be_v his_o own_o brother_n the_o cardinal_n of_o valencia_n the_o duke_n leave_v a_o son_n call_v john_n who_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o gandia_n the_o same_o fleet_n which_o carry_v the_o princess_n joanna_n to_o flanders_n bring_v the_o princess_n margaret_n sister_n to_o the_o archduke_n and_o contract_v to_o prince_n john_n she_o arrive_v at_o santander_n in_o march_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o prince_n with_o a_o great_a retinue_n they_o meet_v at_o reinosa_n and_o be_v marry_v at_o burgos_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o april_n the_o queen_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o alteration_n to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o princess_n family_n but_o that_o she_o shall_v keep_v she_o own_o servant_n a_o peace_n be_v propose_v betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n ferdinand_n duke_n of_o estrada_n be_v send_v ambassador_n to_o france_n and_o a_o truce_n be_v agree_v upon_o at_o lion_n to_o begin_v in_o spain_n on_o the_o 5_o of_o march_n and_o with_o all_o the_o other_o confederate_a prince_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o april_n to_o last_o till_o the_o first_o of_o november_n this_o make_v the_o great_a captain_n hasten_v his_o return_n from_o rome_n to_o naples_n hope_v before_o the_o truce_n begin_v to_o recover_v some_o town_n of_o

will_v never_o consent_v to_o it_o unless_o he_o be_v allow_v to_o share_v in_o the_o government_n and_o also_o in_o the_o revenue_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o think_v to_o supply_v his_o great_a want_n he_o endeavour_v to_o draw_v into_o his_o service_n 1500_o of_o the_o catholic_n king_n be_v soldier_n that_o serve_v in_o france_n but_o the_o catholic_n king_n send_v alonsode_n olmedes_n to_o keep_v they_o where_o they_o be_v they_o obey_v though_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n declare_v they_o rebel_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v the_o emperor_n subject_n the_o emperor_n high_o resent_v that_o the_o catholic_n king_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o andrew_n de_fw-fr burgo_n who_o he_o send_v with_o the_o character_n of_o his_o ambassador_n at_o this_o time_n king_n emanuel_n of_o portugal_n extend_v the_o glory_n of_o his_o name_n still_o send_v new_a fleet_n to_o india_n and_o obtain_v fresh_a victory_n the_o king_n of_o calicut_n and_o cambaya_n be_v profess_v enemy_n of_o the_o portuguese_n and_o therefore_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o cochin_n and_o other_o prince_n who_o receive_v they_o into_o their_o port_n and_o trade_v with_o they_o the_o nobility_n of_o andaluzia_n be_v offend_v for_o that_o the_o catholic_n king_n make_v not_o so_o great_a account_n of_o they_o as_o of_o those_o of_o castille_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o malcontent_n be_v the_o marquis_n andaluzia_n of_o priego_n d._n peter_n fernandez_n de_fw-fr cordova_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o cabra_fw-la in_o a_o tumult_n at_o cordova_n the_o officer_n of_o justice_n apprehend_v one_o of_o the_o mutineer_n who_o the_o bishop_n servant_n rescue_v king_n ferdinand_n set_v fernan_n gomez_n de_fw-fr herrera_n a_o alcalde_fw-es de_fw-fr corte_z with_o some_o man_n to_o punish_v that_o insolency_n he_o have_v begin_v to_o do_v his_o duty_n the_o marquis_n of_o priego_n send_v he_o order_n to_o desist_v and_o depart_v the_o city_n till_o the_o king_n pleasute_n be_v far_o know_v he_o on_o the_o contrary_n command_v the_o marquis_n and_o his_o brother_n in_o the_o king_n name_n to_o be_v go_v out_o of_o cordova_n the_o marquis_n gather_v a_o force_n apprehend_v the_o alcalde_fw-es but_o release_v he_o again_o upon_o promise_n that_o he_o will_v not_o return_v to_o cordova_n this_o affront_v the_o king_n high_o resent_v and_o set_v out_o himself_o to_o revenge_v it_o at_o arcos_n he_o take_v prince_n ferdinand_n from_o the_o queen_n against_o her_o will_n upon_o pretence_n of_o his_o health_n he_o summon_v force_n to_o join_v he_o in_o order_n to_o punish_v that_o insolence_n and_o in_o pursuance_n thereof_o the_o deputy_n of_o sevil_n d._n inigo_n de_fw-fr velasco_n order_v all_o betwixt_o 60_o and_o 20_o year_n of_o age_n to_o be_v ready_a to_o march_v against_o the_o marquis_n the_o great_a captain_n write_v to_o the_o marquis_n his_o cousin_n advise_v he_o to_o submit_v and_o he_o intend_v so_o to_o do_v the_o nobility_n and_o particular_o the_o great_a captain_n labour_v to_o appease_v the_o king_n who_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o give_v way_n to_o entreaty_n the_o marquis_n come_v to_o submit_v himself_o when_o the_o king_n be_v at_o toledo_n and_o be_v order_v to_o wait_v 5_o league_n from_o court_n and_o deliver_v up_o all_o his_o strong_a hold_n he_o obey_v with_o the_o king_n go_v to_o cordova_n 1000_o horse_n and_o 3000_o foot_n the_o marquis_n be_v take_v and_o charge_v with_o high_a treason_n will_v make_v no_o defence_n but_o cast_v himself_o upon_o the_o king_n mercy_n judgement_n be_v give_v some_o gentleman_n be_v condemn_v to_o death_n some_o of_o the_o commonalty_n execute_v the_o house_n of_o d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr carzama_n mutineer_n and_o bernardin_n de_fw-fr bocanegra_n who_o be_v in_o prison_n be_v raze_v the_o marquis_n be_v banish_v for_o ever_o out_o of_o cordova_n and_o out_o of_o andaluzia_n during_o the_o king_n pleasure_n who_o be_v also_o to_o secure_v all_o his_o strong_a hold_n except_o his_o house_n at_o montilla_n which_o be_v to_o be_v demolish_v the_o great_a captain_n and_o constable_n be_v extreme_o disgu_v at_o this_o severity_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v think_v the_o latter_a will_v have_v depart_v the_o kingdom_n from_o cordova_n the_o king_n send_v d._n henry_n de_fw-fr toledo_n and_o the_o licenciat_a ferdinand_n tello_n to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o pope_n for_o the_o queen_n his_o daughter_n at_o naples_n die_v the_o queen_n of_o hungary_n so_o very_o poor_a the_o viceroy_n be_v force_v to_o pay_v the_o charge_n of_o her_o obsequy_n she_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o s._n peter_n martyr_n where_o the_o body_n of_o her_o mother_n lie_v king_n ferdinand_n go_v to_o sevil_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o joy_n with_o he_o go_v the_o queen_n his_o wife_n and_o prince_n ferdinand_n henry_n duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n be_v leave_v young_a by_o his_o father_n under_o the_o guardianship_n of_o d._n peter_n giron_n to_o who_o sister_n he_o be_v contract_v the_o 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be_v propose_v that_o prince_n ferdinand_n shall_v marry_v the_o young_a daughter_n of_o france_n and_o her_o portion_n shall_v be_v the_o state_n of_o milan_n and_o genoa_n and_o king_n ferdinand_n shall_v give_v his_o grandson_n the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n these_o be_v only_a contrivance_n to_o gain_v time_n especial_o on_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o part_n who_o dread_v the_o english_a break_v into_o picardy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o calais_n king_n henry_n lay_v siege_n to_o therovenne_n and_o have_v defeat_v the_o french_a that_o come_v to_o relieve_v it_o take_v and_o dismantle_v it_o then_o he_o sit_v tournay_n down_o before_o tournay_n at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o earl_n of_o surry_n in_o england_n vanquish_v and_o kill_v the_o king_n of_o scot_n who_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o french_a invade_v england_n hereupon_o tournay_n surrender_v there_o the_o emperor_n princess_n margaret_n and_o prince_n charles_n come_v to_o see_v the_o king_n of_o england_n thence_o they_o 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the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o that_o part_n of_o france_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o north_n spain_n of_o ebro_n and_o east_n of_o the_o river_n idubeda_n a_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a country_n where_o be_v now_o the_o city_n tarracona_n and_o former_o those_o of_o netobriga_n and_o arcobriga_n from_o these_o celtae_n and_o the_o native_a iberi_n great_a part_n of_o spain_n be_v call_v celtiberia_n these_o people_n increase_v and_o spread_v far_o southward_o as_o appear_v by_o segobriga_n belsino_n vrcesia_n and_o other_o town_n reckon_v among_o the_o celtiberi_n on_o the_o northern_a border_n of_o the_o celtiberi_n be_v the_o arevaci_n where_o be_v now_o osma_n and_o agreda_n the_o duraci_n neritae_n pelendones_n presamarci_n and_o cileni_fw-la all_o include_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o celtiberi_n and_o join_v to_o they_o by_o affinity_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a opinion_n that_o the_o rhodian_n who_o be_v great_a sailor_n build_v rhodope_n or_o rhoda_n now_o rose_n upon_o a_o large_a bay_n near_o the_o rhodian_n foot_n of_o the_o pyrenean_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o goth_n be_v a_o great_a city_n and_o bishopric_n though_o now_o small_a and_o inconsiderable_a the_o rhodian_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o first_o who_o teach_v the_o spaniard_n to_o make_v cable_n and_o weave_v rush_n for_o many_o use_n and_o also_o to_o make_v horsemill_n to_o grind_v their_o corn_n they_o be_v also_o the_o first_o that_o teach_v they_o the_o use_n of_o copper_n coin_n which_o then_o appear_v very_o ridiculous_a to_o the_o spaniard_n in_o process_n of_o time_n they_o build_v a_o temple_n to_o diana_n and_o another_o to_o hercules_n about_o 12_o mile_n from_o rose_n be_v empurias_n at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o pyrenean_n at_o which_o place_n about_o this_o same_o time_n the_o mountain_n be_v fire_v whether_o accidental_o or_o by_o design_n be_v not_o know_v but_o certain_a it_o be_v these_o hill_n by_o the_o greek_n be_v call_v pyr_n that_o be_v fire_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o this_o accident_n or_o for_o the_o great_a lightning_n that_o be_v often_o on_o the_o top_n of_o they_o this_o great_a fire_n melt_v the_o vein_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n which_o be_v very_o plentiful_a there_o and_o in_o many_o other_o part_n of_o spain_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o those_o metal_n run_v down_o the_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n to_o the_o great_a surprise_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o admire_v the_o beauty_n but_o understand_v not_o the_o value_n of_o they_o but_o the_o fame_n hereof_o be_v spread_v abroad_o induce_v foreigner_n to_o flock_v thither_o in_o hope_n to_o gather_v that_o neglect_a treasure_n or_o to_o purchase_v it_o of_o the_o native_n for_o thing_n of_o small_a value_n the_o phoenicians_n be_v esteem_v the_o first_o that_o dare_v venture_v out_o with_o great_a fleet_n into_o the_o spain_n open_a sea_n and_o steer_v their_o course_n by_o the_o north_n star_n these_o have_v gain_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o rhodian_n and_o phrygian_n be_v say_v to_o have_v set_v out_o from_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o tyre_n in_o quest_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o spain_n what_o part_n of_o spain_n they_o first_o land_v in_o author_n do_v not_o agree_v aristotle_n say_v the_o phoenicians_n be_v the_o first_o who_o come_v to_o the_o straights-mouth_n purchase_v of_o the_o people_n of_o tartesso_fw-it or_o tarifa_n for_o oil_n more_o silver_n than_o their_o ship_n can_v carry_v away_o it_o be_v more_o likely_a this_o be_v about_o the_o pyrenean_n as_o be_v near_o to_o they_o and_o the_o silver_n to_o be_v some_o of_o that_o melt_v by_o the_o great_a conflagration_n abovemention_v our_o historian_n relate_v that_o sichaeus_n command_v one_o of_o their_o fleet_n and_o get_v here_o those_o great_a riches_n which_o tempt_v his_o

time_n the_o carthaginian_n be_v possess_v of_o some_o town_n near_o the_o promontory_n libybaeum_n not_o far_o from_o trepana_n which_o be_v a_o great_a eyesore_a to_o the_o people_n of_o agrigentum_n now_o gergento_n it_o happen_v the_o carthaginian_n go_v out_o into_o a_o wood_n near_o the_o city_n minoa_n to_o offer_v sacrifice_n which_o the_o agrigentines_n who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n lay_v hold_n of_o fall_v upon_o and_o slaughter_v all_o but_o some_o few_o that_o flee_v and_o lurk_v about_o the_o wood_n this_o news_n be_v come_v to_o carthage_n the_o people_n resolve_v to_o take_v revenge_n sicily_n send_v over_o 2000_o carthaginian_n a_o like_a number_n of_o spaniard_n and_o 500_o mallorquines_n with_o sling_n with_o these_o supply_v the_o carthaginian_n take_v the_o field_n and_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n not_o only_o vanquish_v their_o enemy_n but_o besiege_v they_o in_o the_o city_n agrigentum_n whither_o they_o be_v flee_v and_o after_o a_o siege_n of_o two_o year_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n after_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n 346._o the_o end_n of_o this_o war_n be_v the_o beginning_n of_o a_o great_a for_o dionysius_n the_o tyrant_n of_o syracuse_n take_v into_o his_o protection_n those_o that_o flee_v from_o agrigentum_n 346._o and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o carthaginian_n have_v to_o do_v with_o so_o powerful_a a_o enemy_n raise_v a_o army_n of_o 15000_o african_a foot_n and_o 5000_o horse_n beside_o 10000_o spaniard_n to_o oblige_v who_o they_o restore_v cadiz_n and_o withdraw_v all_o their_o garrison_n except_o from_o the_o temple_n of_o hercules_n and_o some_o other_o small_a fort_n himilco_n cipo_n be_v appoint_v general_n of_o these_o force_n who_o at_o his_o first_o land_v in_o sicily_n take_v the_o city_n camarina_n which_o he_o burn_v and_o put_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n the_o people_n of_o gela_n terrify_v at_o this_o cruelty_n abandon_v the_o town_n dionysius_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o have_v gather_v a_o great_a force_n meet_v the_o carthaginian_n and_o at_o first_o put_v they_o so_o hard_o to_o it_o that_o their_o horse_n begin_v to_o give_v way_n till_o himilco_n come_v up_o with_o a_o reserve_v of_o 2000_o fresh_a man_n oblige_v the_o sicilian_n to_o betake_v themselves_o to_o flight_n night_n prevent_v the_o pursuit_n but_o morning_n be_v come_v himilco_n attack_n the_o enemy_n in_o their_o camp_n and_o after_o a_o great_a slaughter_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o dionysius_n save_v himself_o by_o flight_n but_o to_o see_v how_o uncertain_a humane_a prosperity_n be_v after_o all_o this_o success_n so_o violent_a a_o plague_n rage_v among_o the_o carthaginian_a force_n that_o himilco_n return_v home_o with_o a_o very_a small_a number_n where_o for_o grief_n of_o this_o loss_n he_o slay_v himself_o after_o this_o some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o dionysius_n endeavour_v by_o his_o ambassador_n to_o withdraw_v the_o spaniard_n from_o side_v with_o the_o carthaginian_n but_o they_o with_o kindness_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o courtesy_n keep_v they_o in_o their_o friendship_n about_o the_o same_o time_n certain_a carthaginian_n sail_v from_o spain_n whether_o design_o or_o force_v by_o bad_a wether_n be_v not_o know_v island_n have_v traverse_v the_o vast_a ocean_n discover_v a_o large_a rich_a and_o beautiful_a island_n which_o be_v uninhabited_a some_o of_o those_o people_n stay_v and_o plant_v there_o the_o rest_n return_v and_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o they_o have_v see_v to_o the_o senate_n where_o as_o aristotle_n say_v it_o be_v agree_v this_o discovery_n ought_v to_o be_v conceal_v and_o to_o that_o purpose_n the_o discoverer_n put_v to_o death_n lest_o the_o citizen_n allure_v by_o the_o riches_n of_o the_o island_n and_o weary_a of_o war_n shall_v abandon_v the_o city_n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n this_o island_n be_v one_o of_o the_o canary_n other_o that_o it_o be_v hispaniola_n or_o some_o part_n of_o the_o continent_n of_o america_n the_o carthaginian_n burn_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o renew_v the_o war_n in_o sicily_n raise_v man_n in_o spain_n and_o africa_n but_o the_o spaniard_n be_v averse_a to_o the_o war_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n because_o of_o the_o two_o great_a loss_n sustain_v there_o and_o for_o that_o as_o they_o say_v they_o have_v receive_v no_o wrong_n from_o the_o sicilian_n this_o oblige_v the_o carthaginian_n to_o lay_v aside_o that_o design_n till_o a_o fit_a opportunity_n which_o be_v soon_o offer_v for_o a_o great_a famine_n happen_v in_o spain_n and_o after_o it_o as_o usual_a a_o plague_n the_o spaniard_n become_v more_o inclinable_a to_o take_v up_o arm_n to_o fly_v from_o the_o misery_n of_o their_o own_o country_n 20000_o spanish_a foot_n 1000_o horse_n and_o 300_o sling_n man_n of_o majorca_n be_v raise_v hanno_n be_v appoint_v general_n for_o this_o war_n african_n who_o with_o these_o force_n and_o 10000_o african_n sail_v over_o into_o sicily_n dionysius_n who_o be_v then_o in_o italy_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o cotron_n a_o greek_a city_n have_v receive_v intelligence_n of_o the_o storm_n that_o threaten_v he_o be_v force_v to_o haste_v back_o to_o secure_v his_o own_o his_o fleet_n which_o serve_v to_o transport_v his_o army_n from_o rhegio_n into_o sicily_n be_v defeat_v by_o the_o carthagian_o and_o several_a ship_n take_v in_o which_o be_v his_o own_o equipage_n among_o the_o other_o thing_n take_v be_v find_v some_o letter_n write_v in_o greek_a by_o one_o sunniatus_n a_o carthaginian_a give_v dionysius_n a_o account_n of_o the_o preparation_n make_v against_o he_o which_o he_o do_v in_o revenge_n for_o that_o he_o have_v not_o be_v appoint_v general_n but_o it_o cost_v he_o his_o life_n and_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o for_o the_o future_a no_o carthaginian_a shall_v ever_o learn_v the_o greek_a language_n that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o converse_v with_o a_o enemy_n without_o a_o interpreter_n after_o this_o victory_n at_o sea_n many_o place_n submit_v themselves_o to_o hanno_n and_o the_o war_n be_v continue_v with_o various_a success_n till_o the_o sixteen_o year_n thereof_o which_o according_a to_o eusebius_n be_v from_o the_o foundation_n of_o rome_n 336._o or_o rather_o according_a to_o other_o the_o second_o of_o the_o 99th_o olympiad_n 336._o which_o be_v of_o rome_n 371._o then_o dionysius_n the_o elder_a die_a dio_fw-mi who_o govern_v the_o 371._o young_a dionysius_n make_v a_o truce_n with_o the_o carthaginian_n yet_o the_o quiet_a of_o sicily_n last_v not_o long_o but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o spain_n it_o have_v be_v already_o say_v how_o the_o carthaginian_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n of_o sicily_n in_o part_n restore_v those_o of_o cadiz_n to_o their_o liberty_n this_o war_n be_v end_v they_o send_v bostar_n to_o govern_v the_o balearick_n island_n with_o order_n to_o endeavour_v to_o gain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o the_o people_n of_o saguntum_n but_o they_o fear_v all_o his_o fair_a word_n tend_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o liberty_n will_v never_o entertain_v any_o correspondence_n with_o he_o hanno_n be_v send_v to_o spain_n govern_v cadiz_n but_o he_o be_v covetous_a oppress_v the_o native_n and_o by_o violent_a mean_n seize_v upon_o all_o the_o treasure_n as_o well_o of_o private_a person_n as_o what_o belong_v to_o the_o public_a which_o provoke_v the_o spaniard_n to_o conspire_v against_o the_o carthaginian_n all_o on_o a_o sudden_a they_o appear_v in_o arm_n slay_v many_o of_o their_o enemy_n and_o plunder_v their_o good_n hanno_n have_v lose_v many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o be_v forsake_v by_o his_o ally_n in_o spain_n send_v into_o africa_n for_o succour_n these_o auxiliary_n commit_v great_a cruelty_n and_o make_v havoc_n in_o that_o part_n of_o spain_n now_o call_v andaluzia_n what_o have_v happen_v be_v know_v at_o carthage_n they_o send_v another_o to_o succeed_v hanno_n but_o we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o his_o name_n or_o any_o thing_n he_o do_v in_o that_o government_n his_o come_n be_v about_o the_o year_n of_o rome_n 398._o the_o war_n which_o employ_v the_o carthaginian_n in_o sicily_n give_v peace_n to_o spain_n for_o some_o time_n but_o the_o joy_n and_o 398._o satisfaction_n of_o this_o tranquillity_n be_v allay_v by_o great_a flood_n which_o destroy_v infinite_a earthquake_n number_n of_o cattle_n and_o bear_v down_o many_o building_n the_o year_n follow_v the_o earthquake_n be_v so_o violent_a that_o many_o city_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a suffer_v extreme_o more_o especial_o saguntum_n by_o how_o much_o it_o exceed_v all_o the_o other_o in_o beauty_n and_o grandeur_n the_o three_o year_n which_o be_v 405._o after_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n be_v note_v for_o mighty_a storm_n at_o sea_n which_o cause_v extraordinary_a shipwreck_n 405._o the_o governor_n that_o succeed_v hanno_n die_v one_o

request_n ambassador_n be_v send_v who_o appease_v some_o threaten_v other_o and_o punish_v the_o most_o faulty_a quiet_v those_o disturbance_n by_o which_o it_o be_v fear_v the_o weak_a party_n will_v have_v call_v hannibal_n to_o their_o assistance_n he_o grow_v proud_a with_o success_n have_v subdue_v all_o the_o country_n on_o that_o side_n the_o river_n ebro_n think_v of_o nothing_o but_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o saguntum_n to_o give_v a_o colour_n to_o this_o breach_n he_o persuade_v the_o turdetani_n to_o fall_v out_o with_o those_o of_o saguntum_n about_o the_o bound_n of_o their_o land_n and_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o hope_v this_o will_v be_v ground_n sufficient_a for_o he_o to_o undertake_v what_o he_o desire_v and_o begin_v the_o war_n with_o the_o roman_n the_o saguntines_n have_v more_o confidence_n in_o the_o friendship_n of_o the_o roman_n than_o in_o their_o own_o strength_n which_o be_v but_o small_a dispatch_v their_o ambassador_n to_o the_o senate_n 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senate_n for_o speedy_a relief_n before_o necessity_n cast_v they_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o mortal_a enemy_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v dispatch_v these_o messenger_n they_o fall_v to_o work_v to_o strengthen_v such_o place_n as_o be_v weak_a or_o have_v receive_v most_o damage_n no_o soon_o be_v hannibal_n recover_v of_o his_o wound_n but_o he_o apply_v his_o engine_n and_o beat_v down_o three_o tower_n with_o all_o that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n that_o lie_v between_o they_o thing_n be_v in_o this_o readiness_n the_o assault_n be_v give_v with_o great_a fury_n and_o with_o no_o less_o resolution_n sustain_v by_o the_o besiege_a who_o see_v that_o beyond_o their_o own_o hope_n they_o be_v not_o vanquish_v fall_v on_o with_o such_o fresh_a vigour_n they_o not_o only_o drive_v the_o assailant_n from_o the_o breach_n but_o pursue_v they_o to_o their_o own_o work_n which_o they_o have_v difficulty_n to_o maintain_v so_o great_a be_v their_o consternation_n this_o success_n be_v fatal_a to_o saguntum_n for_o hannibal_n in_o a_o rage_n resolve_v to_o leave_v no_o way_n unattempted_a that_o may_v make_v he_o master_n of_o the_o town_n and_o therefore_o refuse_v to_o give_v audience_n to_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n that_o come_v to_o treat_v about_o that_o affair_n the_o roman_n be_v resolve_v to_o use_v the_o utmost_a mean_n of_o accommodation_n before_o they_o will_v break_v out_o into_o open_a war._n from_o spain_n the_o ambassador_n as_o they_o have_v it_o in_o their_o instruction_n pass_v over_o into_o africa_n where_o in_o the_o senate_n of_o carthage_n they_o complain_v of_o the_o wrong_n do_v by_o their_o army_n in_o spain_n and_o demand_v that_o hannibal_n shall_v be_v deliver_v to_o they_o to_o be_v punish_v as_o he_o deserve_v that_o be_v the_o only_a mean_n to_o preserve_v the_o peace_n when_o the_o ambassador_n have_v make_v their_o demand_n hanno_n say_v they_o desire_v nothing_o but_o justice_n and_o that_o hannibal_n ought_v to_o be_v banish_v to_o the_o far_a part_n of_o the_o world_n as_o a_o common_a disturber_n but_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o barchini_n prevail_v the_o senate_n answer_v that_o the_o saguntines_n and_o not_o hannibal_n be_v too_o blame_v for_o the_o war_n and_o the_o roman_n much_o in_o the_o wrong_n to_o side_n with_o they_o hannibal_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o give_v some_o rest_n to_o his_o soldier_n weary_v out_o with_o continual_a labour_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n his_o wife_n himilce_o be_v bring_v to_o bed_n of_o a_o son_n call_v aspar_n to_o the_o great_a joy_n of_o he_o and_o all_o his_o army_n whilst_o they_o be_v employ_v in_o sport_n and_o pastime_n upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o besiege_a lose_v no_o time_n but_o provide_v all_o necessary_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o repair_v that_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o have_v be_v beat_v down_o this_o precaution_n prove_v fruitless_a for_o the_o enemy_n from_o a_o wooden_a tower_n which_o they_o have_v apply_v to_o the_o wall_n beat_v off_o all_o the_o defendant_n with_o shower_n of_o dart_n and_o arrow_n beside_o 500_o african_n with_o pick-ax_n cast_v down_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v the_o easy_a because_o it_o be_v not_o build_v with_o lime_n but_o clay_n this_o do_v the_o soldier_n encourage_v with_o the_o promise_n of_o the_o plunder_n enter_v the_o city_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n whilst_o the_o besiege_a not_o able_a to_o withstand_v that_o force_n retire_v to_o the_o further_a part_n of_o the_o town_n which_o they_o join_v to_o the_o castle_n with_o a_o wall_n they_o cast_v up_o in_o that_o little_a time_n this_o be_v but_o a_o weak_a defence_n and_o all_o their_o hope_n lay_v in_o the_o relief_n they_o expect_v from_o the_o roman_n some_o breathe_a time_n they_o gain_v by_o the_o departure_n of_o hannibal_n who_o be_v call_v away_o to_o appease_v the_o carpetani_n and_o oretani_n that_o be_v in_o arm_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o too_o much_o severity_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n in_o raise_v man_n among_o they_o maherbal_n the_o son_n of_o himilco_n be_v leave_v to_o command_v the_o siege_n as_o hannibal_n lieutenant_n he_o very_o much_o straighten_v the_o besiege_a prevent_v their_o excursion_n and_o gain_v another_o part_n of_o the_o city_n so_o that_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n hannibal_n have_v quell_v those_o commotion_n return_v to_o the_o siege_n and_o possess_v himself_o of_o part_n of_o the_o castle_n so_o that_o those_o miserable_a people_n have_v no_o hope_n of_o defence_n leave_v they_o despair_v only_o support_v they_o a_o evil_a incapable_a of_o receive_v advice_n and_o the_o inlet_n to_o utter_v destruction_n halcon_n a_o citizen_n of_o saguntum_n take_v compassion_n on_o his_o people_n steal_v out_o of_o the_o town_n and_o of_o himself_o set_v on_o foot_n a_o treaty_n but_o no_o other_o condition_n be_v

their_o riches_n the_o number_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v small_a not_o exceed_v 4000_o man_n fit_a to_o bear_v arm_n other_o double_v this_o number_n their_o manner_n of_o life_n be_v constant_o enure_v to_o labour_n make_v they_o hardy_a and_o bold_a they_o be_v courageous_a in_o undertake_v a_o war_n and_o prudent_a in_o manage_v of_o it_o sempronius_n gracchus_n when_o he_o govern_v spain_n make_v peace_n with_o the_o numantian_o and_o other_o neighbour_a people_n upon_o these_o article_n that_o they_o shall_v neither_o found_v nor_o fortify_v only_a town_n or_o erect_v fort_n without_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n gracchus_n of_o rome_n that_o they_o shall_v pay_v their_o tribute_n at_o such_o time_n and_o place_n as_o shall_v be_v appoint_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v repair_v to_o the_o roman_a standard_n whensoever_o call_v upon_o among_o the_o arevaci_n be_v also_o another_o city_n call_v segeda_n 40_o furlong_n in_o compass_n appianus_n place_n it_o in_o the_o extremity_n of_o celtiberia_n among_o the_o beli_n perhaps_o where_o be_v now_o the_o city_n osma_n this_o city_n and_o the_o neighbour_a place_n private_o make_v a_o league_n and_o begin_v to_o fortify_v and_o provide_v themselves_o for_o war_n have_v receive_v command_v from_o the_o roman_a senate_n to_o desist_v from_o those_o preparation_n to_o pay_v their_o tribute_n and_o repair_v to_o the_o roman_a camp_n they_o still_o delay_v time_n upon_o several_a pretence_n and_o frame_v excuse_n hence_o spring_v that_o war_n in_o which_o numantia_n as_o be_v near_o and_o ally_v to_o they_o be_v also_o involve_v and_o the_o roman_n fear_v unless_o speedy_o remedy_v that_o evil_o may_v grow_v to_o a_o great_a head_n have_v immediate_o recourse_n to_o arms._n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o war_n be_v carry_v on_o against_o the_o roman_n in_o lusitania_n by_o cesaro_n who_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n have_v take_v upon_o he_o to_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o liberty_n and_o be_v 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one_o carus_n a_o man_n of_o great_a experience_n in_o warlike_a affair_n this_o man_n think_v to_o perform_v some_o remarkable_a act_n whereby_o he_o may_v at_o first_o gain_v reputation_n lay_v a_o ambush_n for_o the_o consul_n who_o be_v march_v with_o 30000_o men._n his_o design_n succeed_v so_o far_o that_o he_o slay_v 6000_o of_o the_o enemy_n and_o put_v the_o rest_n to_o flight_n but_o pursue_v his_o victory_n too_o far_o the_o roman_a horse_n who_o be_v in_o the_o rear_n come_v up_o kill_v he_o and_o make_v great_a havoc_n among_o his_o men._n this_o battle_n be_v fight_v on_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n on_o the_o day_n the_o roman_n celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o vulcan_n call_v vulcanalia_fw-la so_o great_a be_v the_o dread_a conceive_v on_o both_o side_n that_o for_o several_a day_n they_o avoid_v meet_v one_o another_o on_o the_o same_o night_n the_o arevaci_n meet_v at_o numantia_n which_o be_v near_o the_o field_n of_o battle_n and_o there_o instead_o of_o carus_n choose_v haraco_n and_o leucon_n for_o their_o leader_n the_o numantian_o name_v one_o lintheus_n to_o command_v they_o three_o day_n after_o the_o fight_n engagement_n the_o consul_n encamp_v within_o four_o mile_n of_o numantia_n in_o his_o army_n beside_o the_o other_o force_n be_v 10_o elephant_n and_o 500_o numidian_a horse_n send_v not_o long_o before_o by_o massinissa_n out_o of_o africa_n he_o provoke_v the_o enemy_n and_o they_o again_o resolve_v to_o try_v their_o fortune_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o roman_n open_v their_o rank_n the_o elephant_n advance_v through_o which_o strike_v such_o terror_n into_o the_o celtiberi_n and_o their_o horse_n that_o they_o flee_v into_o the_o city_n the_o roman_n pursue_v close_o think_v to_o have_v enter_v with_o they_o and_o have_v do_v it_o but_o that_o a_o elephant_n be_v wound_v on_o the_o head_n with_o a_o stone_n grow_v enrage_v and_o turn_v back_o upon_o his_o own_o man_n which_o the_o other_o elephant_n see_v do_v the_o like_a disorder_v the_o roman_a battle_n and_o kill_v all_o that_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o numantian_o lay_v hold_n of_o this_o opportunity_n rally_v and_o drive_v the_o roman_n into_o their_o camp_n of_o the_o latter_a 4000_o be_v kill_v in_o two_o engagement_n of_o the_o former_a 2000_o not_o far_o off_o be_v a_o city_n call_v axenia_n a_o place_n axenia_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n after_o the_o battle_n the_o consul_n think_v to_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o that_o city_n but_o be_v repulse_v with_o great_a loss_n and_o shame_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o these_o defeat_v the_o city_n ocile_n where_o the_o roman_n lay_v up_o magazine_n and_o leave_v their_o baggage_n revolt_a to_o the_o celtiberi_fw-la the_o consul_n terrify_v hereat_o and_o fear_v leave_v other_o place_n may_v follow_v the_o example_n fortify_v his_o camp_n near_o numantia_n and_o winter_a there_o with_o great_a loss_n of_o man_n through_o the_o violent_a cold_a and_o want_v of_o provision_n this_o be_v what_o happen_v in_o hispania_n citerior_fw-la in_o the_o vlterior_fw-la at_o the_o same_o time_n mummius_n wage_v war_n with_o the_o lusitani_n at_o first_o with_o various_a event_n but_o in_o the_o conclusion_n with_o success_n in_o the_o first_o fight_v the_o roman_n pursue_v the_o enemy_n too_o violent_o give_v a_o opportunity_n to_o cesaro_n to_o rally_v and_o wrest_v the_o victory_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n of_o the_o roman_n 10000_o be_v slay_v their_o camp_n take_v and_o the_o lusitanian_o show_v their_o booty_n in_o all_o part_n as_o trophy_n of_o their_o valour_n success_n make_v they_o lusitanian_o negligent_a and_o mummius_n who_o be_v retire_v with_o about_o 5000_o man_n take_v the_o advantage_n fall_v upon_o they_o as_o they_o be_v celebrate_v feast_n for_o joy_n of_o their_o victory_n easy_o put_v they_o to_o the_o rout_n and_o recover_v several_a colour_n he_o have_v lose_v before_o cesaro_n it_o seem_v die_v in_o this_o rencounter_n 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compass_v though_o their_o crime_n be_v great_a he_o will_v not_o destroy_v it_o but_o cause_v they_o to_o give_v hostage_n and_o pay_v 30_o talent_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o war._n not_o far_o from_o thence_o be_v nertobriga_n as_o may_v be_v guesed_a by_o ptolemy_n little_a distant_a from_o tarragona_n and_o calatayud_n ambassador_n come_v fromt_v hence_o offer_v up_o the_o town_n to_o the_o consul_n he_o order_v they_o to_o send_v he_o 100_o horse_n afterward_o because_o some_o few_o of_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o baggage_n in_o the_o rear_n of_o his_o army_n he_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n but_o sell_v their_o horseman_n destroy_v the_o country_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n they_o again_o send_v ambassador_n excuse_v themselves_o show_v they_o have_v be_v sufficient_o punish_v and_o pray_v they_o may_v not_o be_v force_v to_o desperate_a course_n still_o the_o consul_n persit_v he_o will_v not_o hearken_v

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where_o he_o be_v often_o worsted_n by_o sertorius_n and_o oblige_v to_o fortify_v himself_o in_o the_o strong_a town_n trust_v rather_o to_o their_o wall_n than_o his_o own_o strength_n yet_o he_o adventure_v to_o sit_v down_o before_o the_o city_n lacobriga_n now_o lagos_n near_o cape_n st._n vincent_n the_o force_n of_o sertorius_n be_v at_o that_o time_n divide_v but_o his_o attempt_n prove_v in_o vain_a for_o sertorius_n man_n encourage_v by_o the_o reward_n he_o promise_v put_v into_o the_o town_n 2000_o skin_n of_o water_n which_o be_v the_o only_a thing_n they_o want_v their_o conduit_n be_v cut_v off_o and_o a_o well_o they_o have_v not_o being_n enough_o to_o supply_v all_o the_o roman_n have_v but_o five_o day_n provision_n and_o understand_v this_o relief_n be_v put_v in_o be_v constrain_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n as_o they_o draw_v off_o sertorius_n keep_v close_o in_o their_o rear_n cut_v off_o many_o for_o now_o the_o spanish_a soldier_n be_v not_o inferior_a to_o 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wall_n they_o likewise_o mention_v metropolitan_o before_o call_v bishop_n of_o the_o first_o chair_n to_o return_v to_o constantine_n he_o rebuilt_a the_o city_n byzantium_n destroy_v by_o the_o emperor_n severus_n and_o remove_v the_o imperial_a court_n thither_o call_v it_o of_o his_o own_o name_n constantinople_n he_o institute_v four_o praefecti_fw-la pretorii_n two_o to_o command_n in_o the_o east_n and_o two_o in_o the_o west_n one_o of_o these_o over_o italy_n the_o other_o over_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o latter_a be_v in_o france_n and_o under_o he_o a_o vicar_n govern_v spain_n constantine_n have_v settle_v all_o thing_n to_o his_o mind_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 337._o of_o our_o lord_n 337._o having_z reign_v 30_o year_n 9_o month_n and_o 27_o day_n his_o put_v to_o death_n death_n his_o son_n crispus_n and_o wife_n fausta_n give_v occasion_n to_o some_o to_o slander_v this_o great_a monarch_n and_o many_o other_o calumny_n have_v be_v raise_v to_o 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murder_v on_o the_o way_n to_o spain_n at_o the_o city_n erna_n in_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n he_o be_v kill_v by_o magnentius_n who_o be_v in_o rebellion_n and_o possess_v of_o france_n and_o spain_n constantius_n resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n before_o he_o set_v out_o name_v gallus_n his_o cousin_n caesar_n both_o army_n meet_v near_o the_o city_n murcia_n in_o sclavonia_n where_o they_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n which_o prove_v very_o bloody_a for_o of_o the_o usurper_n side_n 24000_o man_n be_v kill_v and_o 30000_o of_o constantius_n yet_o he_o get_v the_o day_n but_o the_o force_n of_o the_o empire_n where_o much_o weaken_v by_o so_o great_a a_o slaughter_n the_o tyrant_n after_o the_o fight_n flee_v to_o lion_n in_o france_n there_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n decentius_n by_o he_o appoint_v caesar_n despair_v of_o make_v head_n again_o kill_v themselves_o by_o this_o victory_n monarch_n all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v again_o bring_v under_o one_o monarch_n nevertheless_o the_o german_n break_v into_o france_n do_v great_a harm_n there_o the_o emperor_n beside_o his_o other_o fault_n be_v jealous_a of_o all_o man_n and_o give_v ear_n to_o court-whisperer_n the_o plague_n of_o all_o court_n whereby_o he_o have_v be_v prevail_v upon_o some_o time_n before_o in_o the_o east_n to_o kill_v his_o cousin_n gallus_n notwithstanding_o that_o he_o may_v at_o once_o oppose_v the_o persian_n and_o quiet_a france_n he_o take_v gallus_n his_o own_o brother_n julian_n out_o of_o a_o monastery_n and_o declare_v he_o caesar_n and_o to_o bind_v he_o the_o fast_o to_o his_o interest_n marry_v he_o to_o his_o sister_n helen_n julian_n be_v send_v into_o france_n whilst_o the_o caesar_n emperor_n prepare_v for_o the_o war_n against_o the_o persian_n at_o this_o time_n st._n athanasius_n for_o fear_n of_o be_v kill_v absent_v himself_o again_o and_o lay_v hide_v till_o the_o death_n of_o constantius_n which_o happen_v in_o this_o manner_n the_o event_n of_o the_o persian_a war_n be_v unfortunate_a and_o meet_v with_o several_a disaster_n at_o which_o the_o emperor_n be_v high_o concern_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o soldier_n in_o france_n please_v with_o the_o conduct_n of_o julian_n salute_v he_o emperor_n at_o paris_n this_o be_v a_o fresh_a cause_n of_o grief_n to_o constantius_n who_o resolve_v to_o march_v against_o he_o but_o be_v prevent_v by_o death_n which_o overtake_v he_o at_o antioch_n there_o he_o be_v baptize_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o arian_n either_o that_o he_o have_v defer_v it_o till_o then_o or_o that_o he_o be_v rebaptise_v at_o they_o also_o use_v his_o death_n happen_v on_o the_o 3d_o of_o november_n 361._o in_o spain_n death_n about_o the_o same_o time_n certain_a page_n bring_v light_n at_o night_n come_v in_o say_v let_v we_o conquer_v let_v we_o conquer_v whence_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v the_o custom_n of_o salute_v one_o another_o 361._o when_o light_n be_v bring_v in_o have_v its_o original_a among_o we_o a_o certain_a roman_a that_o be_v present_a imagine_v this_o word_n have_v carry_v some_o far_a meaning_n draw_v his_o sword_n and_o kill_v the_o master_n of_o the_o house_n with_o all_o his_o family_n this_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n relate_v without_o any_o other_o circumstance_n about_o this_o time_n also_o flourish_v clemens_n prudentius_n a_o soldier_n and_o lawyer_n in_o his_o youth_n in_o his_o ripe_a year_n a_o poet_n famous_a for_o the_o verse_n he_o write_v in_o praise_n of_o the_o holy_a martyr_n also_o juvencus_n a_o spanish_a priest_n write_v the_o like_a of_o christ_n in_o heroic_a verse_n and_o pacianus_n bishop_n of_o barcelona_n employ_v his_o talon_n in_o writning_n against_o the_o novatian_o the_o emperor_n constantius_n leave_v never_o a_o son_n and_o therefore_o appoint_v he_o he_o will_v have_v day_n persecute_v whilst_o living_n his_o successor_n at_o his_o death_n that_o be_v his_o cousin_n julian_n a_o man_n of_o learning_n and_o good_a natural_a endowment_n that_o may_v have_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o best_a of_o emperor_n have_v he_o still_o adhere_v to_o the_o true_a religion_n and_o not_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v pervert_v by_o his_o master_n libahus_o so_o as_o to_o forsake_v christianity_n by_o which_o he_o get_v the_o name_n of_o apostate_n as_o soon_o as_o possess_v of_o the_o empire_n to_o gain_v the_o good_a will_n of_o all_o man_n he_o give_v full_a liberty_n to_o every_o one_o to_o follow_v the_o religion_n they_o please_v he_o revoke_v the_o sentence_n of_o banishment_n that_o have_v pass_v conscience_n against_o catholic_n except_v athanasius_n who_o because_o after_o the_o death_n of_o constantius_n he_o return_v to_o his_o church_n he_o order_v to_o be_v apprehend_v and_o so_o force_v he_o again_o to_o abscond_v to_o the_o jew_n he_o give_v liberty_n to_o rebuild_v the_o temple_n of_o jerusalem_n but_o such_o flame_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o foundation_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o desist_v the_o gentile_n be_v permit_v to_o open_v their_o temple_n shut_v up_o since_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n his_o hatred_n to_o the_o christian_n be_v great_a yet_o he_o think_v better_a to_o weaken_v they_o by_o policy_n than_o open_a force_n and_o therefore_o forbid_v their_o be_v admit_v to_o any_o place_n of_o honour_n or_o trust_v or_o their_o child_n to_n be_v teach_v in_o the_o greek_a school_n which_o stir_v up_o many_o christian_n to_o write_v learned_o in_o verse_n and_o prose_n particular_o the_o two_o apollinarii_n father_n and_o son_n person_n of_o great_a learning_n this_o emperor_n end_n be_v suitable_a to_o his_o beginning_n he_o undertake_v the_o war_n against_o the_o persian_n be_v at_o first_o successful_a but_o thereupon_o advance_v so_o far_o that_o all_o his_o army_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o perish_v and_o he_o himself_o slay_v with_o a_o dart_n as_o some_o say_v accidental_o throw_v by_o his_o own_o man_n or_o

upon_o and_o endeavour_v to_o rally_v they_o he_o himself_o be_v distinguishable_a by_o his_o horse_n and_o armour_n fight_v among_o the_o foremost_a and_o appear_v where_o the_o great_a danger_n be_v exhortation_n and_o example_n be_v of_o no_o force_n his_o man_n all_o flee_v he_o remain_v among_o the_o last_o and_o see_v no_o hope_n leave_v try_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n when_o clodoveus_n or_o clovis_n who_o charge_v at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o man_n bear_v he_o down_o with_o a_o shock_n of_o his_o lance._n alaricus_n strive_v to_o rise_v be_v kill_v by_o a_o french_a foot_n soldier_n two_o noble_a goth_n think_v to_o revenge_v their_o king_n run_v at_o clovis_n who_o be_v save_v by_o the_o goodness_n of_o his_o armour_n and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o youth_n call_v clodoricus_n that_o come_v in_o to_o his_o rescue_n alaricus_n be_v dead_a the_o goth_n disperse_v themselves_o into_o all_o the_o neighbour_a town_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o no_o considerable_a body_n remain_v together_o to_o oppose_v the_o frank_n whereupon_o they_o present_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o city_n angouleme_n but_o those_o goth_n who_o have_v not_o be_v in_o this_o battle_n assemble_v themselves_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o try_v their_o fortune_n near_o bourdeaux_n they_o prove_v no_o more_o successful_a than_o the_o other_o and_o the_o slaughter_n of_o they_o be_v so_o great_a that_o from_o that_o day_n the_o country_n they_o fight_v in_o change_v its_o name_n and_o be_v call_v the_o arian_n field_n from_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o goth_n after_o these_o two_o mighty_a victory_n many_o place_n submit_v to_o the_o frank_n as_o bourdeaux_n the_o vesates_n cahors_n rhodes_n and_o those_o of_o albernia_n even_o the_o city_n of_o toulouse_n where_o the_o goth_n keep_v their_o court_n be_v take_v and_o nothing_o considerable_a leave_v they_o in_o france_n among_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n be_v find_v the_o vessel_n and_o instrument_n belong_v to_o the_o sacrifice_n at_o the_o temple_n of_o jerusalem_n which_o have_v be_v take_v by_o alaricus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o those_o people_n when_o he_o sack_v rome_n leave_v by_o he_o to_o his_o successor_n and_o now_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o clovis_n alaricus_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 506._o his_o reign_n which_o last_v 23_o year_n he_o support_v by_o falsehood_n and_o cruelty_n which_o make_v his_o end_n the_o less_o pity_v all_o people_n say_v he_o have_v well_o deserve_v 506._o it_o yet_o he_o be_v the_o first_o king_n of_o the_o goth_n that_o make_v use_v of_o write_a law_n and_o publish_v those_o of_o theodosius_n the_o same_o year_n he_o be_v slay_v before_o his_o time_n the_o goth_n like_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n be_v govern_v by_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o their_o forefather_n to_o these_o law_n of_o alaricus_n succeed_v king_n add_v many_o other_o of_o all_o which_o together_o be_v compose_v that_o volume_n the_o spaniard_n call_v fuero_fw-la jusgo_fw-la whereof_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o a_o more_o proper_a place_n chap._n v._o the_o reign_n of_o the_o king_n gesaleycus_n theodorick_n and_o amalaricus_n several_a spanish_a synod_n defeat_v of_o the_o frank_n and_o trial_n by_o ordeal_o alaricus_n leave_v two_o son_n one_o by_o his_o wife_n theudicoda_n call_v amalaricus_n and_o one_o by_o another_o woman_n name_v gesaleycus_n the_o principal_a man_n among_o the_o goth_n choose_v the_o latter_a for_o throne_n their_o king_n by_o reason_n the_o other_o be_v but_o five_o year_n of_o age._n this_o offend_v the_o king_n of_o the_o ostrogoth_n who_o send_v 80000_o man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o ilba_n as_o well_o to_o suppress_v the_o frank_n and_o restore_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o visogoth_n then_o at_o the_o point_n of_o destruction_n as_o to_o reinthrone_a his_o grandson_n amalaricus_n gesaleycus_n fear_v so_o great_a a_o power_n as_o also_o because_o the_o king_n of_o the_o burgundian_n have_v take_v narbonne_n not_o think_v himself_o secure_a in_o any_o part_n of_o france_n retire_v to_o barcelona_n he_o be_v natural_o a_o coward_n and_o consequent_o cruel_a which_o move_v he_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o in_o his_o palace_n in_o that_o city_n to_o kill_v goericus_n a_o man_n of_o note_n ilba_n kill_v in_o france_n assist_v by_o the_o visogoth_n overthrow_v the_o frank_n with_o the_o slaughter_n of_o 20000_o of_o they_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o visogoth_n recover_v guienne_n the_o ostrogoth_n possess_v themselves_o of_o provence_n take_v narbonne_n from_o the_o burgundian_n and_o be_v about_o pass_v the_o pyrenean_n mountain_n hereupon_o gesaleycus_n not_o trust_v to_o his_o own_o people_n know_v the_o hatred_n they_o bear_v he_o for_o his_o cowardice_n and_o cruelty_n go_v over_o into_o africa_n thrasimundus_n king_n of_o the_o vandal_n though_o marry_v to_o the_o sister_n of_o theodorick_n receive_v he_o friendly_a and_o relieve_v he_o with_o money_n have_v receive_v this_o aid_n he_o return_v into_o france_n and_o after_o lie_v hide_v a_o year_n raise_v a_o army_n with_o which_o he_o dare_v venture_v to_o give_v a_o battle_n near_o barcelona_n but_o be_v vanquish_v by_o ilba_n and_o fly_v into_o france_n soon_o after_o die_v with_o grief_n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 510._o when_o he_o have_v reign_v 4_o year_n author_n do_v not_o agree_v who_o succeed_v gesaleycus_n most_o of_o 510._o they_o affirm_v that_o theodorick_n the_o ostrogoth_n from_o thence_o forward_o call_v himself_o king_n of_o the_o death_n visogoth_n this_o opinion_n be_v confirm_v by_o the_o synod_n then_o hold_v in_o spain_n in_o which_o be_v see_v the_o name_n of_o theodorick_n and_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n other_o say_v amalaricus_n succeed_v and_o theodorick_n only_o act_v as_o his_o tutor_n i_o can_v no_o way_n give_v credit_n to_o what_o spanish_a author_n write_v viz._n that_o theodorick_n come_v into_o spain_n marry_v a_o wife_n of_o the_o old_a spanish_a race_n at_o toledo_n and_o at_o her_o request_n restore_v they_o to_o their_o ancient_a liberty_n since_o no_o foreign_a writer_n make_v mention_n of_o any_o such_o journey_n of_o he_o especial_o cassiodorus_n and_o other_o who_o write_v his_o action_n very_o particular_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o theudius_n or_o theudis_n who_o have_v serve_v theodorick_n as_o his_o esquire_n at_o arm_n be_v by_o his_o favour_n appoint_v to_o govern_v during_o the_o minority_n of_o the_o young_a king_n which_o be_v the_o first_o step_n by_o which_o afterward_o he_o ascend_v to_o the_o throne_n in_o the_o year_n 516._o a_o council_n of_o bishop_n be_v hold_v at_o tarragona_n here_o we_o find_v the_o first_o mention_n of_o any_o monk_n in_o spain_n here_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o jew_n sabbath_n 516._o tarragona_n sunday_n shall_v begin_v to_o be_v observe_v on_o saturday_n evening_n whence_o remain_v still_o the_o custom_n among_o spaniard_n of_o keep_v holiday_n and_o rejoice_v on_o the_o saturday_n night_n another_o council_n be_v hold_v at_o girona_n the_o follow_a year_n 517._o pope_n hormisda_n about_o the_o same_o time_n write_v a_o letter_n to_o john_n bishop_n of_o tarragona_n command_v he_o yearly_o to_o hold_v synod_n of_o bishop_n a_o 517._o synod_n thing_n use_v in_o those_o day_n for_o reformation_n of_o manner_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hormisda_n in_o the_o time_n of_o his_o successor_n john_n i._n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 523_o two_o other_o synod_n be_v celebrate_v 523._o one_o at_o lerida_n the_o other_o at_o valencia_n theodorick_n the_o ostrogoth_n die_v in_o italy_n reign_n amalaricus_n begin_v to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o visogoth_n in_o spain_n from_o which_o time_n some_o begin_v to_o reckon_v the_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n as_o soon_o as_o amalaricus_n commence_v his_o reign_n he_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o frank_n and_o to_o bind_v it_o the_o fast_o marry_v crotilda_n their_o king_n sister_n and_o daughter_n to_o clovis_n in_o dower_n with_o she_o the_o country_n of_o toulouse_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o goth_n crotilda_n be_v a_o person_n of_o singular_a piety_n and_o have_v be_v religious_o educate_v in_o the_o true_a faith_n by_o her_o mother_n who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o high_o offend_v her_o husband_n who_o be_v a_o arian_n when_o she_o go_v to_o church_n the_o rabble_n do_v not_o only_o revile_v but_o will_v often_o throw_v dirt_n at_o she_o her_o husband_n do_v not_o only_o wink_v at_o it_o but_o when_o she_o come_v home_o frown_v give_v her_o ill_a language_n and_o at_o last_o proceed_v to_o blow_n insomuch_o that_o several_a time_n he_o make_v the_o blood_n gush_v from_o she_o long_o she_o endure_v hope_v with_o patience_n and_o meekness_n to_o soften_v his_o cruel_a heart_n but_o find_v there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o mollify_a he_o at_o last_o she_o write_v to_o her_o brother_n childebert_n

and_o together_o with_o the_o letter_n send_v he_o a_o handkerchief_n dip_v in_o she_o own_o blood_n she_o complain_v of_o her_o ill_a usage_n and_o implore_v his_o assistance_n towards_o her_o relief_n the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o frank_n be_v then_o divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o clovis_n childebert_n have_v paris_n clotarius_n soissons_fw-fr clodomirus_fw-la orleans_n and_o theodoricus_n metz_n in_o lorraine_n who_o all_o call_v themselves_o king_n they_o all_o enrage_a against_o the_o visogoth_n for_o the_o wrong_n he_o do_v their_o sister_n crotilda_n join_v their_o force_n and_o with_o much_o speed_n march_v towards_o he_o amalaricus_n be_v whole_o unprovided_a beside_o his_o ill_a conscience_n terrify_v he_o he_o resolve_v to_o fly_v god_n who_o have_v decree_v his_o punishment_n blind_v he_o for_o whereas_o he_o may_v have_v escape_v he_o return_v to_o save_v part_n of_o his_o treasure_n into_o the_o city_n suppose_v to_o be_v barcelona_n in_o this_o distress_n he_o think_v to_o have_v take_v sanctuary_n in_o a_o catholic_n church_n but_o in_o the_o way_n be_v kill_v by_o a_o soldier_n st._n isidorus_n write_v he_o be_v kill_v in_o a_o battle_n fight_v near_o death_n narbonne_n but_o i_o rather_o believe_v gregory_n of_o tours_n who_o live_v before_o he_o and_o relate_v the_o passage_n in_o this_o manner_n ado_n viennensis_n say_v the_o frank_n overrun_v all_o spain_n destroy_v the_o city_n toledo_n after_o a_o long_a siege_n and_o take_v many_o other_o place_n procopius_n say_v they_o take_v from_o they_o all_o that_o the_o goth_n possess_v in_o france_n yet_o this_o no_o other_o author_n speak_v of_o and_o we_o find_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o goth_n in_o the_o follow_a reign_v extend_v as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n rhosne_fw-fr beside_o it_o appear_v that_o amalasiuntha_n after_o the_o death_n of_o her_o father_n theodorick_n give_v provence_n to_o k._n theodorick_n of_o lorraine_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v dissatisfy_v that_o the_o ostrogoth_n possess_v some_o part_n of_o france_n the_o rest_n she_o leave_v to_o the_o visogoth_n content_v herself_o with_o the_o dominion_n of_o italy_n amalaricus_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 531._o have_v reign_v five_o year_n unless_o we_o commence_v from_o the_o death_n of_o gesaleycus_n and_o then_o it_o will_v extend_v to_o 20_o year_n his_o wife_n crotilda_n die_v in_o her_o return_n to_o 531._o france_n in_o the_o 5_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v hold_v the_o second_o council_n of_o toledo_n montanus_n toledo_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n preside_v in_o this_o council_n of_o who_o st._n ildefonsus_n write_v that_o be_v accuse_v of_o incontinency_n to_o clear_v his_o innocency_n he_o hold_v burn_v coal_n of_o fire_n in_o his_o bosom_n all_o the_o time_n of_o mass_n and_o yet_o neither_o his_o linen_n nor_o flesh_n be_v damage_v thereby_o though_o they_o be_v take_v out_o afterward_o light_a as_o they_o be_v put_v in_o hence_o it_o be_v suppose_v the_o custom_n ordeal_o afterward_o receive_v throughout_o all_o spain_n of_o pur●ing_v common_a offender_n to_o the_o trial_n of_o red_a hot_a iron_n or_o boil_a water_n take_v its_o original_a ●ide_v manner_n of_o it_o be_v thus_o the_o criminal_a have_v confess_v his_o sin_n they_o bring_v he_o a_o red_a hot_a iron_n or_o a_o cup_n of_o boil_a water_n which_o be_v bless_v by_o a_o priest_n after_o mass_n if_o the_o party_n accuse_v handle_v the_o one_o or_o drink_v the_o other_o and_o escape_v unhurt_a he_o be_v acquit_v this_o custom_n be_v use_v in_o many_o place_n till_o pope_n honorius_n iii_o forbid_v this_o way_n of_o compurgation_n about_o this_o time_n flourish_v in_o spain_n four_o bishop_n famous_a for_o their_o learning_n these_o be_v justus_n vrgelitanus_fw-la justinianus_n valentinus_n nebridius_fw-la agathensis_fw-la and_o elpidius_n beside_o these_o aprigius_fw-la bishop_n of_o beja_n in_o portugal_n renown_v for_o his_o commentary_n upon_o the_o revelation_n chap._n vi_o the_o reign_v of_o theudis_n 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that_o they_o so_o knight_v be_v at_o age_n and_o it_o be_v a_o mean_n to_o spur_v they_o on_o to_o imitate_v the_o virtue_n of_o their_o forefather_n in_o this_o manner_n proceed_v the_o affair_n of_o castille_n and_o portugal_n whilst_o in_o arragon_n all_o thing_n succeed_v with_o the_o christian_n all_o that_o part_n former_o call_v celtiberia_n be_v bring_v under_o moor_n our_o dominion_n molina_n which_o before_o pay_v tribute_n surrender_v to_o the_o city_n pamplona_n be_v add_v the_o suburb_n of_o s._n saturninus_n which_o the_o french_a people_v and_o have_v all_o the_o privilege_n of_o free_a citizen_n grant_v they_o and_o the_o immunity_n of_o jaca_n according_a to_o which_o they_o be_v constitute_v a_o particular_a government_n among_o themselves_o the_o moor_n possess_v the_o sea_n coast_n about_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n ebro_n and_o from_o thence_o do_v much_o harm_n in_o the_o neighbour_a country_n there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o fleet_n to_o curb_v they_o therefore_o the_o king_n cause_v a_o great_a number_n of_o vessel_n to_o be_v build_v at_o zaragoça_n and_o we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o vespasian_n the_o emperor_n that_o river_n be_v navigable_a as_o far_o as_o logrono_n 65_o league_n from_o the_o sea_n mequinencia_n suppose_v to_o be_v the_o same_o caesar_n call_v octogesa_n a_o strong_a town_n seat_v where_o the_o river_n cinga_n and_o segre_n meet_v be_v now_o take_v by_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n all_o this_o joyful_a success_n be_v turn_v into_o sorrow_n in_o this_o manner_n fraga_n a_o town_n among_o the_o ilergetes_n by_o ptolomey_n call_v gallica_n flavia_n better_a know_v by_o the_o disaster_n that_o now_o happen_v than_o any_o thing_n remarkable_a in_o it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o rise_a ground_n which_o be_v wash_v away_o by_o the_o river_n cinga_n be_v difficult_a of_o access_n and_o may_v be_v easy_o defend_v by_o a_o few_o against_o a_o great_a number_n on_o the_o back_n of_o the_o town_n be_v hillock_n all_o fill_v which_o lie_v so_o close_o to_o the_o place_n that_o no_o engine_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o batter_v it_o after_o take_v mequinencia_n the_o king_n resolve_v to_o carry_v on_o his_o conquest_n enter_v the_o country_n that_o lie_v up_o the_o river_n segre_n which_o be_v very_o well_o fortify_v and_o great_a number_n of_o moor_n have_v flee_v thither_o for_o security_n this_o concourse_n make_v the_o king_n of_o quit_v lerida_n and_o fraga_n grow_v powerful_a the_o king_n of_o arragon_n invest_v fraga_n in_o the_o year_n 1133._o his_o preparation_n be_v great_a than_o the_o success_n for_o winter_n come_v on_o and_o the_o rain_v fall_v 1133._o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o put_v his_o army_n into_o quarter_n resolve_v to_o return_v early_o in_o the_o spring_n about_o february_n the_o siege_n begin_v and_o last_v all_o march_n and_o april_n without_o any_o effect_n the_o besiege_a be_v besiege_v furnish_v with_o all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o hold_v out_o a_o long_a time_n and_o encourage_v with_o the_o hope_n of_o relief_n abengamia_n king_n of_o lerida_n come_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n with_o a_o good_a army_n the_o battle_n be_v fight_v near_o fraga_n the_o christian_n be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n and_o those_o tire_v many_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v nevertheless_o this_o loss_n do_v not_o oblige_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o siege_n because_o the_o loss_n sustain_v by_o the_o moor_n be_v not_o inferor_n to_o they_o however_o the_o king_n fear_v what_o may_v follow_v go_v away_o towards_o the_o frontier_n of_o castille_n to_o gather_v more_o force_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o soria_n by_o the_o way_n he_o waste_v the_o enemy_n country_n as_o far_o as_o monçon_n the_o king_n with_o 300_o horse_n follow_v the_o main_a body_n be_v on_o a_o sudden_a beset_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n see_v the_o danger_n with_o few_o word_n he_o encourage_v his_o man_n who_o fall_v on_o and_o fight_v as_o can_v be_v expect_v in_o such_o a_o desperate_a exigency_n above_o all_o the_o king_n signalise_v himself_o be_v well_o know_v slay_v by_o his_o garment_n and_o bright_a armour_n so_o that_o all_o the_o moor_n bend_v their_o fury_n against_o he_o he_o be_v at_o length_n kill_v have_v lose_v their_o king_n some_o of_o his_o man_n die_v brave_o other_o escape_v by_o flight_n this_o be_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o king_n be_v unhappy_a end_n though_o several_a other_o false_a rumour_n have_v be_v spread_v among_o the_o ignorant_a people_n some_o will_v have_v it_o that_o after_o this_o defeat_n he_o go_v to_o jerusalem_n and_o die_v there_o other_o write_v that_o his_o body_n be_v buy_v of_o the_o moor_n and_o bury_v at_o montaragon_n my._n opinion_n be_v that_o his_o body_n be_v not_o find_v which_o give_v occasion_n to_o invent_v many_o fable_n about_o he_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o misfortune_n happen_v near_o the_o town_n of_o sarinena_n on_o the_o seven_o of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1134._o this_o prince_n be_v a_o person_n of_o singular_a valour_n and_o conduct_n a_o ancient_a author_n affirm_v he_o fight_v 29._o battle_n 1134._o and_o be_v in_o most_o of_o they_o victorious_a he_o reign_v 30_o year_n his_o will_n be_v make_v three_o year_n before_o his_o death_n when_o he_o besiege_a bayonne_n which_o our_o history_n say_v he_o take_v and_o that_o at_o that_o siege_n peter_n earl_n of_o lara_n fight_v with_o alonso_n earl_n of_o toulouze_n and_o be_v by_o he_o slay_v this_o will_n be_v very_o remarkable_a and_o cause_v great_a trouble_n and_o confusion_n by_o it_o he_o knight_n leave_v many_o town_n and_o castle_n to_o several_a church_n in_o spain_n and_o because_o he_o have_v no_o child_n he_o make_v the_o knight_n templar_n the_o hospitaler_n and_o those_o that_o keep_v the_o sepulchre_n of_o jerusalem_n heir_n of_o all_o his_o dominion_n it_o conclude_v with_o many_o heavy_a curse_n upon_o such_o as_o shall_v presume_v to_o infringe_v any_o part_n of_o it_o yet_o the_o arragonian_n and_o navarrois_n assemble_v at_o borgie_n a_o place_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o navarre_n in_o order_n to_o choose_v a_o king_n peter_n atare_v a_o noble_a man_n as_o some_o imagine_v rather_o than_o prove_v of_o the_o blood_n royal_a hold_v that_o town_n by_o gift_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a merit_n and_o have_v doubtless_o be_v declare_v king_n have_v not_o his_o extraordinary_a pride_n prevent_v it_o thus_o the_o assembly_n break_v up_o without_o come_v to_o any_o resolution_n the_o navarrois_n hate_v the_o government_n of_o the_o arragonian_n and_o think_v it_o be_v lawful_a at_o all_o time_n when_o occasion_n offer_v to_o cast_v off_o the_o yoke_n that_o have_v be_v violent_o force_v upon_o they_o hereupon_o they_o have_v a_o meeting_n apart_o and_o at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o sancho_n rosa_n monk_n bishop_n of_o pamplona_n proclaim_v d._n garcia_n king_n he_o be_v descend_v of_o their_o ancient_a royal_a family_n for_o he_o be_v son_n to_o d._n ramiro_n and_o grandson_n to_o d._n sancho_n who_o as_o be_v say_v be_v kill_v by_o his_o brother_n raimund_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o arragonian_n assemble_v at_o monçon_n proclaim_v d._n ramiro_n brother_n to_o the_o late_a king_n notwithstanding_o he_o be_v a_o monk_n abbot_n of_o sahagun_n and_o elect_a bishop_n of_o burgos_n first_o then_o of_o pamplona_n and_o last_o of_o roda_n and_o barbastro_n there_o be_v yet_o extant_a a_o original_a instrument_n date_v at_o barbastro_n in_o october_n in_o which_o he_o style_v himself_o king_n and_o priest_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o though_o he_o have_v be_v above_o 40._o year_n a_o monk_n they_o oblige_v he_o to_o marry_o have_v to_o that_o purpose_n obtain_v a_o dispensation_n of_o pope_n innocent_a ii_o so_o that_o he_o be_v at_o once_o a_o monk_n a_o priest_n a_o bishop_n a_o marry_v man_n and_o a_o king_n he_o marry_v agnes_n sister_n to_o william_n earl_n of_o poitiers_n and_o guienne_n who_o die_v two_o year_n after_o at_o santiago_n in_o galicia_n whither_o he_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n his_o elder_a daughter_n ellenor_n be_v marry_v to_o luis_n the_o young_a king_n of_o france_n from_o who_o after_o have_v two_o daughter_n she_o be_v divorce_v by_o command_n of_o pope_n eugenius_n iii_o on_o account_n of_o consanguinity_n after_o that_o divorce_n the_o king_n of_o france_n marry_v elizabeth_n the_o daughter_n of_o alonso_n vii_o king_n of_o castille_n ellenor_n be_v marry_v to_o henry_n duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o anjau_n afterward_o king_n of_o england_n by_o this_o match_n poitiers_n and_o guienne_n or_o aquitain_n be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n whence_o ensue_v bloody_a war_n betwixt_o those_o two_o nation_n chap._n ix_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o arragon_n and_o navarre_n style_v himself_o emperor_n ramiro_n king_n of_o

estella_n in_o navarre_n signalise_v himself_o at_o the_o take_n of_o this_o city_n he_o be_v father_n to_o peter_n de_fw-fr açagra_n the_o first_o lord_n of_o albarazin_n of_o that_o family_n s._n isidorus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v appear_v to_o king_n alonso_n before_o the_o fight_n and_o assure_v he_o of_o success_n almeria_n ancient_o call_v abadera_n a_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o mediterranean_a between_o the_o border_n of_o andaluzia_n and_o murcia_n be_v then_o a_o place_n of_o great_a strength_n and_o a_o receptable_a of_o pirate_n thither_o the_o christian_a army_n march_v and_o encamp_v before_o it_o at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o take_v fleet_n of_o barcelona_n and_o genoa_n according_a to_o what_o have_v be_v agree_v have_v coast_v along_o lay_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o port._n the_o city_n be_v attack_v by_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o have_v make_v a_o breach_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o certain_a tower_n it_o be_v at_o last_o take_v by_o storm_n on_o the_o 17_o of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1147._o 20000_o moor_n who_o have_v retire_v into_o the_o castle_n be_v force_v to_o 1147._o buy_v their_o life_n for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n thus_o be_v that_o nest_n of_o pirate_n that_o infest_a the_o coast_n of_o spain_n france_n and_o italy_n take_v away_o the_o plunder_v be_v give_v to_o the_o soldier_n to_o the_o genoeses_n be_v give_v a_o dish_n make_v of_o a_o emraud_n which_o they_o value_v above_o all_o the_o booty_n and_o preserve_v to_o this_o day_n in_o their_o treasury_n other_o say_v that_o jewel_n be_v find_v at_o the_o take_n of_o caesarea_n in_o syria_n winter_n draw_v on_o the_o army_n return_v home_o load_v with_o riches_n raymund_n earl_n of_o barcelona_n not_o to_o let_v slip_v this_o opportunity_n of_o the_o genoese_a fleet_n agree_v with_o they_o to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o expelling_a the_o moor_n from_o part_n of_o arragon_n and_o the_o island_n of_o majorea_n and_o minorca_n in_o return_n they_o be_v to_o have_v the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o that_o be_v take_v in_o that_o war._n in_o all_o town_n recover_v from_o the_o moor_n they_o shall_v have_v a_o church_n and_o a_o tribunal_n of_o of_o their_o own_o and_o that_o all_o their_o merchant_n shall_v be_v free_a from_o custom_n and_o tax_n these_o condition_n be_v accept_v of_o they_o stand_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o catalonia_n and_o with_o their_o unite_a fraga_n force_n take_v the_o city_n tortosa_n seat_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o ebro_n and_o therefore_o a_o proper_a place_n for_o traffic_n this_o be_v do_v in_o the_o year_n 1148._o the_o follow_a year_n lerida_n and_o fraga_n two_o town_n of_o note_n be_v take_v by_o the_o christian_n lerida_n be_v give_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o vrgel_n in_o reward_n of_o his_o great_a service_n during_o that_o war._n william_n peroz_n bishop_n of_o roda_n be_v appoint_v to_o the_o see_v of_o lerida_n still_o retain_v the_o city_n of_o roda_n and_o barbastro_n to_o be_v include_v in_o that_o diocese_n and_o some_o bishop_n of_o lerida_n long_o after_o this_o time_n continue_v to_o style_v themselves_o bishop_n of_o roda_n and_o barbastro_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o moor_n in_o spain_n go_v very_o much_o down_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o christian_n grow_v daily_o strong_a many_o castle_n town_n and_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o infidel_n almost_o portugal_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o portugal_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o the_o ocean_n the_o river_n tagus_n form_v a_o capacious_a harbour_n the_o entrance_n or_o bar_n be_v somewhat_o dangerous_a but_o the_o port_n within_o large_a and_o secure_a on_o the_o northern_a shore_n of_o this_o port_n be_v seat_v the_o city_n lisbon_n the_o noble_a and_o rich_a in_o portugal_n at_o the_o back_n of_o it_o be_v certain_a hill_n of_o easy_a ascent_n and_o the_o top_n of_o they_o cover_v with_o building_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o city_n be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o length_n the_o ancient_a circumference_n of_o the_o wall_n be_v not_o very_o 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the_o mouth_n of_o the_o harbour_n that_o no_o relief_n may_v come_v to_o the_o city_n by_o sea_n the_o force_n of_o the_o native_n encamp_v where_o now_o be_v the_o monastery_n of_o s._n vincent_n the_o foreigner_n in_o the_o place_n where_o that_o of_o s._n francis_n be_v since_o build_v both_o place_n be_v now_o within_o the_o city_n they_o batter_v the_o wall_n for_o many_o day_n and_o on_o the_o day_n of_o s._n crispin_n and_o crispinian_n give_v a_o general_a assault_n the_o king_n himself_o stand_v by_o and_o encourage_v his_o men._n here_o the_o service_n be_v desperate_a the_o christian_n strive_v to_o gain_v the_o breach_n and_o the_o moor_n pour_v shower_n of_o weapon_n and_o stone_n upon_o they_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o scarce_o any_o fell_a without_o do_v execution_n our_o man_n throng_v upon_o one_o another_o at_o length_n have_v break_v open_a the_o gate_n call_v of_o alfama_n the_o city_n be_v enter_v much_o blood_n spill_v and_o all_o that_o submit_v make_v slave_n all_o the_o plunder_n be_v give_v to_o the_o soldier_n and_o prove_v great_a than_o have_v be_v imagine_v gilbert_n a_o person_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o virtue_n be_v choose_v bishop_n though_o a_o stranger_n and_o consecrate_a the_o principal_a mosque_n in_o the_o very_a place_n where_o the_o king_n have_v encamp_v he_o build_v a_o monastery_n of_o the_o invocation_n of_o s._n vincent_n and_o place_v therein_o canon_n regulars_n many_o of_o the_o foreigner_n be_v take_v with_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o the_o country_n resolve_v to_o stay_v and_o inhabit_v there_o and_o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v almada_n villaverde_n arruda_n zambruia_n castaneda_n and_o other_o town_n in_o that_o neighbourhood_n after_o success_n this_o the_o king_n follow_v his_o good_a fortune_n with_o wonderful_a success_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n alanquer_v obidos_n ebora_n yelve_n mura_n serpa_n beja_n and_o many_o other_o town_n and_o castle_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n all_o thing_n submit_v to_o his_o great_a valour_n and_o conduct_n true_a it_o be_v the_o great_a part_n of_o these_o action_n fall_v some_o year_n late_a let_v we_o return_v to_o the_o course_n of_o our_o history_n at_o this_o time_n eugenius_n iii_o govern_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o affair_n of_o the_o christian_n in_o the_o holy-land_n go_v to_o decay_v to_o remedy_v this_o misfortune_n the_o pope_n go_v into_o france_n thence_o to_o excite_v all_o christian_a prince_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o those_o holy-place_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o hold_v a_o general_n council_n at_o rheimes_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1148._o raymund_n archbishop_n of_o 1148._o toledo_n go_v to_o this_o council_n be_v say_v by_o the_o way_n to_o have_v visit_v the_o church_n of_o s._n denis_n two_o rheimes_n league_n from_o paris_n where_o on_o a_o stone_n he_o find_v this_o inscription_n here_o lie_v eugenius_n martyr_n first_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n at_o his_o return_n home_o he_o endeavour_v to_o have_v the_o relic_n of_o that_o saint_n translate_v to_o toledo_n but_o this_o design_n be_v prevent_v by_o his_o own_o and_o queen_n berengaria_n death_n which_o happen_v near_o about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o queen_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1149._o and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n of_o s._n james_n the_o apostle_n this_o year_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o 1149._o that_o it_o rain_v blood_n in_o part_n of_o portugal_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o moor_n the_o follow_a year_n 1150._o die_v raymund_n the_o archbishop_n john_n bishop_n of_o segovia_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a rain_n piety_n succeed_v he_o this_o in_o castille_n on_o the_o other_o part_n pope_n eugenius_n confirm_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o d._n alonso_n afterward_o alexander_n iii_o do_v the_o same_o for_o this_o 1150._o

6_o month_n on_o the_o 15_o of_o october_n die_v at_o rome_n pope_n vrban_n the_o vith_o in_o his_o place_n the_o cardinal_n of_o that_o faction_n soon_o choose_v the_o cardinal_n peter_n tomaçello_n of_o naples_n who_o be_v call_v boniface_n the_o ix_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o term_n of_o the_o truce_n expire_v but_o the_o portague_n sit_v before_o tuy_n a_o city_n in_o galicia_n plunder_v all_o the_o country_n about_o it_o the_o king_n of_o castille_n be_v afraid_a to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n but_o send_v the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n and_o master_n of_o alcantara_n to_o carry_v relief_n to_o the_o besiege_v they_o come_v when_o the_o city_n be_v take_v but_o lose_v not_o their_o labour_n for_o they_o conclude_v a_o truce_n for_o 6_o year_n upon_o condition_n tuy_n and_o all_o other_o town_n take_v during_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v restore_v on_o both_o side_n the_o year_n 1390_o be_v very_o remarkable_a in_o castille_n for_o the_o cortes_n then_o assemble_v 1390._o and_o the_o important_a affair_n in_o they_o debate_v first_o the_o king_n offer_v to_o resign_v the_o castille_n crown_n to_o his_o son_n the_o prince_n hope_v that_o do_v the_o portuguese_n will_v easy_o admit_v of_o his_o wife_n title_n neither_o the_o nobility_n nor_o commons_o will_v upon_o any_o account_n consent_n to_o it_o because_o the_o prince_n be_v under_o age._n next_o it_o be_v consider_v what_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o those_o who_o during_o the_o war_n have_v desert_v the_o king_n a_o general_a pardon_n be_v decree_v for_o all_o except_v only_o the_o earl_n of_o gijon_n who_o have_v often_o relapse_v and_o be_v still_o a_o prisoner_n and_o doubtless_o the_o k._n if_o he_o dare_v will_v have_v make_v a_o end_n of_o they_o it_o be_v enact_v that_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v furnish_v a_o sufficient_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o pay_v the_o stand_a force_n which_o then_o use_v to_o live_v upon_o discretion_n and_o ruin_v the_o farmer_n to_o this_o purpose_n a_o reform_v of_o the_o troop_n be_v make_v so_o that_o only_o 4000_o man_n at_o arm_n 1500_o light_a horse_n and_o 1000_o archer_n be_v leave_v on_o foot_n who_o be_v to_o be_v ready_a upon_o all_o occasion_n and_o live_v upon_o their_o pay_n all_o subject_n be_v forbid_v serve_v any_o foreign_a prince_n which_o be_v afterward_o strict_o observe_v the_o pope_n use_v to_o give_v benefice_n in_o spain_n to_o foreigner_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o those_o benefice_n be_v not_o serve_v and_o the_o native_n whole_o neglect_v learning_n it_o be_v therefore_o make_v a_o request_n to_o pope_n clement_n that_o he_o will_v remedy_v that_o abuse_n beside_o the_o great_a man_n in_o the_o time_n of_o confusion_n have_v seize_v the_o church-living_n and_o put_v in_o such_o priest_n as_o they_o please_v allow_v they_o small_a stipend_n and_o keep_v to_o themselves_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o profit_n the_o bishop_n of_o burgos_n and_o calahorra_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v seek_v for_o redress_v and_o the_o king_n favour_v they_o but_o see_v those_o great_a man_n concern_v oppose_v it_o he_o will_v proceed_v no_o far_o fear_v to_o disoblige_v they_o more_o than_o he_o have_v do_v by_o a_o decree_n which_o allow_v all_o vassal_n of_o lord_n to_o appeal_v from_o their_o court_n to_o the_o king_n be_v king_n henry_n by_o his_o last_o will_n have_v recall_v many_o grant_n make_v during_o his_o life_n and_o now_o the_o noble_n struggle_v to_o have_v they_o put_v in_o force_n again_o the_o king_n in_o outward_a appearance_n seem_v willing_a but_o he_o have_v other_o thought_n in_o his_o heart_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o action_n at_o this_o same_o time_n ambassador_n come_v to_o that_o city_n from_o the_o king_n of_o granada_n and_o navarre_n those_o of_o navarre_n demand_v that_o since_o queen_n ellenor_n leave_v in_o castille_n for_o recovery_n of_o her_o health_n be_v now_o perfect_o well_o she_o shall_v return_v to_o her_o husband_n the_o king_n think_v this_o a_o just_a request_n and_o therefore_o order_v his_o sister_n to_o prepare_v for_o her_o journey_n she_o excuse_v herself_o allege_v the_o hatred_n that_o people_n bear_v she_o who_o have_v endeavour_v to_o poison_n she_o by_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o jabish_a physician_n the_o king_n will_v not_o force_v his_o sister_n yet_o oblige_v she_o to_o restore_v her_o daughter_n joanna_n to_o her_o father_n since_o they_o have_v no_o issue-male_a thus_o the_o king_n of_o navarre_n be_v forsake_v by_o his_o wife_n be_v crown_v by_o himself_o with_o much_o pomp_n in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o pamplona_n he_o be_v anoint_v lift_v upon_o man_n shoulder_n and_o all_o there_o present_a salute_v he_o king_n from_o the_o moorish_a king_n come_v the_o governor_n of_o malaga_n ambassador_n to_o castille_n to_o renew_v the_o truce_n then_o ready_a to_o expire_v which_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o bring_v great_a present_n of_o horse_n granada_n furniture_n and_o rich_a cloth_n this_o truce_n be_v sign_v by_o the_o king_n and_o their_o elder_a son_n d._n peter_n tenorio_n archbishop_n of_o toledo_n at_o his_o own_o cost_n build_v a_o beautiful_a bridge_n over_o the_o river_n tagus_n at_o that_o city_n which_o to_o this_o day_n be_v call_v the_o archbishops_n bridge_n near_o the_o bridge_n be_v some_o few_o house_n or_o cottage_n and_o the_o king_n please_v with_o that_o seat_n to_o encourage_v people_n to_o live_v there_o grant_v a_o charter_n of_o privilege_n and_o call_v it_o villa-franca_a to_o prince_n ferdinand_n his_o young_a son_n beside_o the_o lordship_n of_o lara_n which_o be_v his_o already_o he_o give_v the_o town_n of_o fenafiel_n with_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n in_o token_n of_o this_o dignity_n a_o plain_a crown_n be_v put_v upon_o his_o head_n without_o flower_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o regal_a his_o arm_n be_v those_o of_o castille_n and_o arragon_n quarter_v by_o way_n of_o distinction_n from_o the_o prince_n and_o because_o he_o be_v descend_v from_o both_o those_o house_n the_o cortes_n hold_v at_o guadalajara_n break_v up_o when_o the_o summer_n be_v well_o advance_v in_o june_n the_o truce_n with_o portugal_n for_o 6_o year_n be_v conclude_v the_o power_n of_o portugal_n daily_o increase_v and_o they_o adhere_v firm_o to_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n therefore_o boniface_n the_o ixth_o who_o as_o have_v be_v say_v succeed_a vrban_n make_v lisbon_n a_o metropolitan_a see_n segovia_n be_v a_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o mountain_n that_o part_v old_a and_o new_a castille_n its_o chief_a support_n be_v the_o woollen-manufacture_n winter_n there_o be_v very_o sharp_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o mountain_n the_o summer_n temperate_a the_o hill_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o snow_n there_o the_o king_n resolve_v to_o spend_v the_o castille_n summer_n and_o by_o the_o way_n to_o see_v the_o monastery_n of_o paular_a which_o he_o be_v build_v at_o rascasria_n not_o far_o from_o that_o city_n and_o be_v the_o beautiful_a the_o carthusian_n this_o day_n possess_v in_o spain_n at_o valladolid_n he_o give_v to_o the_o benedictine_n monk_n the_o old-palace_n to_o convert_v it_o into_o a_o convent_n where_o they_o now_o hold_v their_o general_n chapter_n beside_o he_o have_v before_o give_v the_o church_n of_o guadalupe_n then_o possess_v by_o secular_a priest_n to_o the_o hieronimite_n these_o be_v three_o monument_n of_o this_o king_n piety_n beside_o certain_a religious_a law_n which_o he_o establish_v particular_o at_o the_o cortes_n at_o briviesca_n three_o year_n before_o this_o he_o forbid_v bring_v out_o the_o cross_n at_o the_o reception_n of_o king_n and_o weave_v it_o on_o carpet_n or_o other_o thing_n where_o it_o may_v be_v tread_v upon_o summer_n expire_a he_o send_v the_o prince_n and_o princess_n to_o talavera_n he_o himself_o go_v to_o alcala_n design_v for_o andaluzia_n to_o regulate_v some_o disorder_n there_o 50_o christian_a soldier_n who_o have_v serve_v the_o king_n of_o morocco_n and_o be_v call_v farfane_v come_v to_o alcala_n these_o be_v expert_a in_o the_o moorish_a manner_n of_o exercise_n which_o those_o people_n perform_v dexterous_o on_o horseback_n the_o king_n upon_o sunday_n the_o 9th_o of_o october_n go_v out_o to_o see_v these_o man_n exercise_v he_o be_v horse_n mount_v on_o a_o mettlesom_a horse_n and_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o gallop_v some_o way_n clap_v spur_n to_o he_o he_o run_v into_o the_o plow_v land_n and_o stumble_v in_o the_o furrow_n come_v down_o with_o such_o violence_n that_o he_o kill_v the_o king_n he_o live_v only_o 33_o year_n and_o reign_v 11_o year_n 3_o month_n and_o 20_o day_n to_o stir_v up_o his_o subject_n to_o honourable_a emulation_n he_o invent_v a_o order_n or_o brotherhood_n who_o be_v to_o wear_v a_o collar_n of_o gold_n with_o a_o pigeon_n hang_v at_o it_o and_o institute_v rule_n for_o this_o order_n but_o death_n put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o and_o all_o

have_v ratify_v this_o agreement_n the_o arragonian_n on_o their_o side_n choose_v dominick_n bishop_n of_o huesca_n francis_n de_fw-fr aranda_n and_o berengarius_fw-la de_fw-la bardax_fw-la the_o catalonian_o appoint_v for_o they_o sargarida_n archbishop_n of_o tarragona_n william_n de_fw-fr valseca_n and_o bernard_n gualbe_n for_o val●ncia_n be_v name_v f._n vincent_n ferrer_n of_o the_o order_n of_o s._n dominick_n his_o brother_n boniface_n ferrer_n a_o carthusian_n and_o peter_n beltran_n these_o judge_n immediate_o meet_v and_o send_v their_o summons_n to_o the_o candidate_n to_o appear_v warn_v such_o as_o refuse_v that_o their_o pretension_n shall_v be_v utter_o lay_v aside_o prince_n ferdinand_n send_v james_n lopez_n de_fw-fr zuniga_n lord_n of_o bejar_n and_o d._n sancho_n de_fw-fr rojas_n bishop_n of_o palencia_n who_o be_v say_v by_o this_o and_o the_o like_a negociation_n to_o have_v obtain_v the_o earldom_n of_o pernia_n which_o the_o bishop_n of_o palencia_n possess_v to_o this_o day_n for_o the_o earl_n of_o vrgel_n come_v ximeno_n a_o franciscan_a bishop_n of_o malta_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n that_o they_o will_v stand_v by_o the_o decision_n of_o the_o 9_o judge_n luis_n duke_n of_o anjou_n refuse_v to_o appear_v resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o force_n beside_o he_o except_v against_o 4_o of_o the_o judge_n as_o partial_a among_o the_o candidate_n no_o account_n be_v make_v of_o frederick_n earl_n of_o luna_n because_o he_o be_v a_o bastard_n and_o have_v no_o great_a interest_n d._n alonso_n de_fw-fr arragon_n die_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o this_o dispute_n and_o his_o son_n alonso_n as_o also_o his_o brother_n john_n earl_n of_o prade_n be_v easy_o put_v by_o be_v not_o so_o near_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o late_a king_n as_o the_o other_o pretender_n on_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o vrgel_n it_o be_v plead_v that_o according_a to_o ancient_a custom_n female_n aught_o whole_o to_o be_v exclude_v pretension_n from_o any_o pretention_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o if_o that_o be_v allow_v their_o son_n can_v not_o pretend_v to_o the_o right_a their_o mother_n have_v not_o beside_o that_o king_n martin_n in_o latter_a day_n have_v constitute_v the_o earl_n governor_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o constable_n a_o certain_a sign_n he_o think_v the_o inheritance_n appertain_v to_o the_o say_a earl_n and_o no_o other_o prince_n ferdinand_n agent_n as_o they_o be_v instruct_v by_o vincent_n aria_n bishop_n of_o plasencia_n and_o the_o most_o famous_a civilian_n of_o that_o age_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o the_o prince_n right_a by_o the_o female_a line_n but_o plead_v that_o the_o crown_n be_v inherit_v by_o right_o of_o blood_n therefore_o when_o the_o immediate_a line_n fail_v and_o it_o must_v fall_v to_o one_o of_o the_o collateral_a branch_n there_o must_v respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o sex_n and_o age_n if_o they_o be_v within_o the_o same_o degree_n of_o consaguinity_n so_o that_o the_o male_a take_v place_n of_o the_o female_a and_o the_o elder_a of_o the_o young_a without_o regard_n to_o the_o stock_n from_o which_o they_o proceed_v chap._n ii_o ferdmand_n prince_n of_o castille_n declare_v king_n of_o arragon_n by_o the_o judge_n and_o afterward_o proclaim_v at_o zaragoca_n he_o settle_v the_o kingdom_n besiege_n and_o take_v the_o earl_n of_o urgel_n who_o aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o the_o judge_n have_v hear_v what_o each_o of_o the_o competitor_n have_v to_o say_v and_o the_o case_n judge_n have_v be_v thorough_o argue_v they_o close_v the_o information_n and_o confer_v together_o about_o the_o judgement_n they_o be_v to_o give_v they_o keep_v their_o opinion_n private_a and_o hold_v the_o people_n in_o suspense_n as_o desirous_a to_o see_v the_o end_n of_o that_o debate_n to_o give_v judgement_n with_o the_o solemnity_n that_o be_v requisite_a and_o to_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o man_n they_o cause_v a_o large_a scaffold_n to_o be_v erect_v before_o the_o 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〈…〉_z punish_v he_o the_o earl_n have_v but_o a_o small_a power_n to_o 〈…〉_z think_v to_o make_v use_n of_o policy_n therefore_o he_o send_v ambassador_n to_o 〈…〉_z to_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o which_o according_o they_o 〈…〉_z october_n all_o this_o be_v only_o to_o amuse_v the_o new_a king_n to_z the_o 〈…〉_z his_o army_n and_o send_v back_o the_o troop_n of_o 〈…〉_z great_a part_n of_o they_o the_o king_n and_o pope_n benedict_n mere_a 〈…〉_z upon_o there_o the_o pope_n give_v the_o king_n the_o investiture_n 〈…〉_z and_o corsica_n as_o be_v of_o custom_n they_o be_v feo●es_n of_o 〈…〉_z the_o king_n of_o arragon_n after_o this_o interview_n at_o the_o end_n of_o 〈…〉_z the_o next_o which_o be_v 1413_o the_o cortes_n of_o catalonia_n meet_v at_o 1413._o 〈…〉_z to_o pacify_v the_o earl_n of_o vrgel_n that_o he_o may_v not_o disturb_v the_o peace_n 〈…〉_z to_o which_o purpose_n they_o grant_v all_o he_o send_v to_o demand_v and_o particular_o that_o prince_n 〈◊〉_d shall_v marry_v his_o 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come_v 〈…〉_z ambassador_n from_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o naples_n he_o of_o france_n advertise_v he_o 〈…〉_z the_o insolency_n of_o the_o ●●●ke_v of_o burgundy_n and_o the_o rebellious_a practice_n of_o the_o 〈…〉_z as_o in_o great_a danger_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o prisoner_n with_o his_o son_n and_o 〈…〉_z and_o therefore_o earnest_o entreat_v he_o will_v assist_v he_o king_n ladislaus_n 〈…〉_z their_o force_n against_o the_o duke_n of_o anjo●_n his_o competitor_n in_o the_o kingdom_n 〈…〉_z may_v prove_v a_o dangerous_a enemy_n to_o arragon_n have_v also_o 〈◊〉_d to_o that_o kingdom_n to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n he_o answer_v he_o be_v much_o conce●●●_n 〈…〉_z misfortune_n and_o will_v as_o soon_o as_o his_o affair_n do_v permit_v assist_v he_o with_o his_o utmost_a ●ower_n the_o answer_n to_o ladislaus_n be_v that_o he_o thank_v he_o for_o his_o offer_n of_o friendship_n but_o that_o there_o have_v be_v a_o uninterrupted_a friendship_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o duke_n 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in_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o his_o interest_n alone_o be_v great_a than_o that_o of_o all_o the_o nobility_n the_o lady_n ellenor_n sister_n to_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v contract_v to_o edward_n prince_n of_o portugal_n who_o be_v 36_o year_n of_o age_n the_o marriage_n by_o proxy_n be_v solemnize_v at_o a_o village_n call_v ojos_n negro_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o daroca_n the_o king_n of_o arragon_n be_v present_a her_o portion_n be_v 200000_o florin_n the_o lady_n constance_n de_fw-fr tovar_n d._n ruy_n lopez_n davalos_n his_o widow_n be_v appoint_v she_o first_o lady_n of_o the_o bedchamber_n this_o princess_n from_o valencia_n travel_v through_o castille_n and_o at_o valladolid_n the_o king_n entertain_v she_o noble_o and_o thence_o she_o go_v on_o rich_o present_v towards_o portugal_n to_o meet_v her_o husband_n the_o joy_n for_o this_o match_n be_v the_o great_a because_o that_o prince_n have_v so_o long_o put_v it_o off_o and_o it_o be_v fear_v he_o will_v not_o 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force_v to_o it_o his_o excuse_n be_v allow_v and_o he_o pardon_v because_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o wink_v at_o his_o fault_n to_o keep_v up_o the_o division_n that_o be_v among_o the_o moor_n king_n ferdinand_n fortify_v the_o city_n and_o give_v the_o command_n of_o it_o to_o alvero_n de_fw-fr luna_n lord_n of_o fuentiduena_n and_o grandson_n to_o the_o constable_n d._n alvero_n de_fw-fr luna_n this_o do_v he_o march_v to_o reduce_v other_o place_n some_o few_o make_a resistance_n but_o in_o vain_a the_o most_o surrender_a among_o other_o illora_n be_v take_v on_o the_o 28_o of_o june_n and_o after_o it_o banos_n zagra_n and_o moclin_n some_o of_o these_o place_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o may_v have_v hold_v out_o long_o be_v near_o granada_n whence_o they_o can_v be_v relieve_v the_o command_n of_o illora_n be_v give_v to_o gonçalo_n fernandez_n de_fw-fr cordova_n afterward_o the_o famous_a general_n in_o italy_n the_o citizen_n of_o granada_n use_v to_o call_v illora_n the_o right_a eye_n and_o moclin_n the_o buckler_n of_o that_o city_n for_o which_o reason_n they_o begin_v to_o despair_v of_o maintain_v themselves_o beside_o that_o the_o christian_n destroy_v all_o the_o country_n about_o they_o nevertheless_o albohardil_n send_v part_n of_o his_o horse_n to_o the_o bridge_n call_v de_fw-fr los_fw-la pinos_n a_o place_n well_o know_v for_o the_o slaughter_n of_o our_o man_n make_v there_o former_o these_o be_v to_o hinder_v the_o christian_n pass_v the_o river_n xenil_n he_o himself_o stay_v in_o the_o city_n to_o prevent_v disorder_n the_o moor_n can_v not_o hinder_v the_o christian_n pass_v the_o river_n but_o charge_v the_o left_a squadron_n that_o pass_v which_o be_v command_v by_o d._n inigo_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n duke_n del_fw-it infant_n ado_n our_o man_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o be_v beset_v by_o 1000_o horse_n and_o 10000_o foot_n but_o

all_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n or_o sell_v they_o as_o slave_n king_n ferdinand_n come_v to_o valladolid_n upon_o the_o 6_o of_o september_n there_o a_o opportunity_n be_v offer_v he_o of_o recover_v the_o city_n placencia_n which_o the_o late_a king_n have_v alienate_v and_o give_v to_o the_o family_n of_o zuniga_n d._n alvero_n de_fw-fr zuniga_n die_v a_o grandson_n of_o he_o who_o father_n be_v dead_a before_o inherit_v his_o estate_n james_n de_fw-fr zuniga_n uncle_n to_o the_o heir_n pretend_v he_o have_v a_o better_a right_n as_o be_v son_n to_o the_o decease_a the_o kindred_n be_v divide_v between_o both_o thus_o the_o family_n of_o the_o caravajale_v seize_v the_o city_n but_o can_v not_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o castle_n which_o be_v well_o defend_v by_o the_o garrison_n king_n ferdinand_n come_v to_o appease_v that_o sedition_n seize_v all_o d._n alvero_n the_o new_a duke_n surrender_v and_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o town_n of_o bejar_n and_o its_o dependency_n in_o lieu_n of_o that_o city_n this_o strike_v a_o terror_n into_o all_o the_o nobility_n fear_v they_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o restore_v to_o the_o king_n now_o grow_v strong_a all_o they_o have_v extort_a from_o his_o predecessor_n in_o time_n of_o consusion_n new_a tumult_n break_v out_o in_o arragon_n upon_o account_n that_o the_o nobility_n be_v for_o break_v off_o the_o association_n not_o long_o since_o form_v betwixt_o the_o city_n as_o a_o thing_n that_o curb_a they_o they_o never_o give_v over_o till_o some_o year_n after_o at_o the_o cortes_n hold_v at_o barcelona_n they_o obtain_v the_o association_n shall_v be_v dissolve_v for_o ten_o year_n john_n de_fw-fr fonseca_n and_o alvero_n arronio_n be_v send_v ambassador_n to_o flanders_n to_o procure_v the_o liberty_n of_o maximilian_n king_n of_o the_o roman_n imprison_v by_o the_o people_n of_o bruges_n they_o manage_v their_o business_n so_o well_o that_o he_o be_v release_v and_o reconcile_v to_o his_o subject_n his_o first_o wife_n the_o lady_n mary_n to_o who_o belong_v the_o dominion_n of_o flanders_n be_v dead_a he_o aspire_v to_o marry_v the_o princess_n elizabeth_n of_o castille_n her_o father_n and_o mother_n do_v not_o consent_n because_o she_o be_v promise_v in_o portugal_n yet_o they_o offer_v one_o of_o that_o princess_n sister_n for_o philip_n his_o son_n and_o heir_n frederick_n the_o emperor_n his_o grandfather_n upon_o this_o design_n of_o marry_v he_o in_o spain_n give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o archduke_n of_o austria_n whereas_o before_o they_o be_v only_o call_v duke_n the_o fleet_n the_o lord_n d'_fw-fr albret_n be_v sit_v out_o on_o the_o coast_n of_o biscay_n contribute_v much_o towards_o the_o obtain_n the_o liberty_n of_o maximilian_n the_o people_n of_o bruges_n be_v jealous_a it_o be_v design_v against_o they_o the_o fleet_n sail_v to_o brittany_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o orleans_n and_o his_o confederate_n be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o king_n the_o duke_n and_o john_n gralla_n who_o command_v the_o spaniard_n be_v make_v prisoner_n as_o shall_v be_v say_v hereafter_o chap._n viii_o the_o mastership_n of_o all_o the_o military_a order_n in_o spain_n annex_v to_o the_o crown_n for_o ever_o three_o city_n and_o other_o place_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n elizabeth_n princess_n of_o castille_n marry_v to_o alonso_n prince_n of_o portugal_n his_o and_o his_o father_n death_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o year_n die_v gazri_n lopez_n de_fw-fr padilla_n master_n of_o calatrava_n many_o aspire_v to_o that_o dignity_n but_o king_n ferdinand_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o bull_n obtain_v of_o pope_n innocent_a to_o crown_n that_o purpose_n annex_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n the_o same_o be_v afterward_o do_v with_o the_o other_o mastership_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o reward_n due_a to_o soldier_n be_v afterward_o bestow_v on_o courtier_n the_o usual_a confusion_n at_o the_o election_n of_o those_o master_n and_o the_o lowness_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o alteration_n in_o the_o east_n bajazet_n the_o turk_n gather_v a_o mighty_a army_n and_o fleet_n which_o alarm_v all_o the_o christian_a prince_n but_o his_o design_n be_v against_o the_o sultan_n of_o egypt_n only_o 11_o galliots_n of_o pirate_n invade_v the_o island_n of_o malta_n and_o plunder_v it_o all_o up_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o city_n this_o island_n have_v two_o port_n can_v contain_v any_o fleet._n the_o port_n be_v divide_v by_o a_o point_n of_o land_n call_v of_o santelmo_n this_o point_v it_o be_v judge_v necessary_a to_o fortify_v that_o the_o enemy_n may_v not_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o island_n and_o from_o thence_o infest_v the_o coast_n of_o the_o christian_n a_o fleet_n sail_v from_o sicily_n in_o search_n of_o these_o pirate_n but_o come_v too_o late_o for_o they_o be_v go_v with_o their_o booty_n another_o fleet_n sail_v from_o spain_n with_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr acuna_n who_o go_v viceroy_n into_o sicily_n it_o be_v design_v not_o only_o to_o defend_v their_o own_o coast_n but_o to_o invade_v those_o of_o africa_n king_n ferdinand_n join_v in_o a_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o house_n of_o austria_n against_o the_o king_n of_o france_n all_o this_o tend_v towards_o subdue_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n which_o some_o of_o the_o banish_a nobility_n offer_v to_o king_n ferdinand_n and_o other_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n as_o the_o more_o powerful_a and_o a_o enemy_n to_o the_o house_n of_o arragon_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o year_n 1489_o 1000_o horse_n 1489._o and_o 2000_o foot_n be_v send_v into_o brittany_n to_o succour_v the_o lady_n ann_n who_o succeed_v her_o father_n in_o that_o dukedom_n d._n peter_n sarmiento_n earl_n of_o salinas_n command_v that_o body_n the_o war_n against_o the_o moor_n of_o granada_n be_v of_o more_o moment_n and_o great_a advantage_n be_v expect_v from_o it_o therefore_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n set_v out_o from_o medina_n deal_v campo_n towards_o andaluzia_n upon_o the_o 27_o of_o march._n the_o rendezvous_n be_v at_o jaen_n where_o upon_o a_o muster_n the_o king_n find_v 12000_o horse_n and_o 50000_o foot_n all_o the_o choice_a man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n a_o good_a body_n come_v from_o moor_n biscay_n baça_o be_v resolve_v upon_o to_o begin_v the_o campaigne_n with_o by_o the_o way_n that_o no_o enemy_n may_v be_v leave_v behind_o they_o take_v cajor_a a_o small_a but_o strong_a town_n this_o do_v baça_n be_v invest_v this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o side_n of_o a_o hill_n down_o which_o and_o along_o the_o plain_a below_o it_o run_v a_o small_a river_n on_o all_o other_o side_n it_o be_v encompass_v with_o other_o rise_a ground_n it_o be_v well_o garrison_v and_o furnish_v with_o all_o necessary_n for_o 15_o month_n the_o situation_n do_v not_o allow_v any_o engine_n to_o be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o wall_n about_o 1000_o horse_n and_o 2000_o foot_n sally_v out_o of_o the_o city_n and_o do_v we_o some_o harm_n our_o man_n be_v entangle_v betwixt_o the_o channel_n of_o water_n but_o other_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n the_o enemy_n be_v repulse_v with_o considerable_a loss_n several_a other_o skirmish_n happen_v our_o man_n destroy_v all_o the_o orchard_n about_o the_o city_n our_o man_n can_v not_o deal_v with_o the_o enemy_n upon_o equal_a term_n but_o they_o overpowr_v they_o in_o number_n thus_o the_o siege_n be_v prolong_v and_o king_n ferdinand_n be_v dubious_a whether_o he_o have_v not_o best_o raise_v the_o siege_n especial_o because_o he_o lose_v many_o of_o his_o man_n by_o sickness_n and_o other_o accident_n the_o marquis_n of_o cadiz_n then_o make_v a_o duke_n advise_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n however_o the_o king_n resolve_v to_o continue_v it_o and_o the_o more_o to_o curb_n the_o besiege_a cause_v a_o trench_n to_o be_v draw_v quite_o round_o the_o wall_n with_o nine_o fort_n at_o convenient_a distance_n all_o strong_o guard_v to_o prevent_v be_v surprise_v by_o the_o enemy_n sally_v all_o the_o army_n be_v convenient_o post_v about_o the_o place_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o cadiz_n with_o 4000_o horse_n have_v charge_n of_o the_o artillery_n thus_o no_o relief_n can_v enter_v the_o city_n but_o they_o have_v plenty_n of_o provision_n in_o the_o camp_n there_o be_v great_a scarcity_n of_o bread_n and_o money_n and_o yet_o fresh_a troop_n come_v in_o daily_a about_o october_n come_v the_o duke_n of_o najara_n and_o alva_n in_o mourn_v for_o their_o father_n late_o decease_v the_o admiral_n also_o come_v and_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr astorga_n soon_o after_o arrive_v the_o queen_n with_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n the_o cardinal_n of_o toledo_n and_o other_o prelate_n the_o queen_n come_v as_o i_o believe_v alter_v the_o resolution_n of_o the_o besiege_a believe_v now_o the_o siege_n be_v fix_v hazen_n the_o

not_o long_o for_o the_o enemy_n soon_o flee_v our_o man_n pursue_v they_o close_o at_o the_o heel_n up_o to_o the_o very_a gate_n of_o mola_n and_o gaeta_n where_o part_n of_o the_o enemy_n save_v themselves_o many_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o way_n they_o lose_v 32_o piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o 1500_o horse_n such_o of_o the_o french_a as_o flee_v towards_o fundi_n and_o other_o that_o be_v quarter_v thereabouts_o be_v kill_v or_o take_v by_o the_o country_n people_n who_o rose_z and_o secure_v all_o the_o pass_n so_o that_o very_o few_o of_o they_o escape_v bartholomew_n de_fw-fr alvinao_n and_o d._n hugo_n de_fw-fr moncada_n give_v proof_n of_o their_o valour_n in_o this_o action_n and_o during_o the_o whole_a time_n it_o be_v in_o hand_n chap._n iii_o the_o city_n gaeta_n surrender_v a_o truce_n betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o perfect_a of_o rome_n submit_v to_o spain_n the_o nobility_n of_o naples_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o spain_n and_o several_a city_n of_o italy_n sue_v for_o its_o protection_n truce_n for_o three_o year_n betwixt_o france_n and_o spain_n the_o great_a captain_n will_v glad_o have_v make_v use_n of_o the_o confusion_n the_o french_a be_v in_o to_o captain_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o mount_n orlando_n which_o command_v gaeta_n but_o the_o rain_n be_v so_o violent_a and_o the_o soldier_n so_o weary_a and_o spend_v with_o hunger_n not_o have_v eat_v that_o day_n or_o the_o night_n before_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o return_v to_o his_o former_a camp_n at_o castellon_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o french_a to_o fortify_v themselves_o in_o mola_n with_o their_o field_n piece_n believe_v that_o will_v be_v the_o first_o place_n attack_v but_o the_o great_a captain_n have_v refresh_v his_o man_n to_o make_v his_o advantage_n of_o the_o enemy_n consternation_n march_v direct_o to_o gaeta_n very_o little_a defence_n be_v make_v at_o the_o mount_n where_o our_o cannon_n have_v before_o make_v a_o breach_n and_o the_o garrison_n have_v scarce_o time_n to_o retire_v into_o the_o city_n here_o they_o lose_v what_o have_v be_v save_v in_o the_o fight_n 1000_o horse_n be_v take_v and_o two_o piece_n of_o cannon_n that_o do_v we_o all_o the_o mischief_n the_o first_o siege_n what_o be_v more_o the_o french_a be_v quite_o dismay_v especial_o when_o they_o see_v the_o spaniard_n entrench_v themselves_o under_o the_o work_v of_o the_o town_n 50_o man_n at_o arm_n command_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o mirandula_n come_v out_o of_o the_o town_n and_o surrender_v themselves_o that_o same_o night_n 3_o deputy_n come_v out_o from_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr saluzze_n to_o treat_v of_o a_o surrender_n their_o first_o demand_n be_v to_o have_v the_o prisoner_n ransom_v which_o be_v deny_v they_o then_o they_o offer_v to_o deliver_v up_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o gaeta_n the_o rock_n of_o mondragon_n and_o all_o the_o spanish_a and_o italian_a prisoner_n they_o have_v in_o exchange_n for_o the_o french_a and_o italian_a prisoner_n on_o our_o side_n this_o proposal_n be_v not_o disagreeable_a to_o the_o great_a captain_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o felease_v the_o italian_n particular_o the_o marquis_n of_o bitonto_n matthew_n de_fw-fr aquaviva_fw-la and_o alonso_n de_fw-fr sanseverino_n cousin_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o bisiniano_n who_o he_o intend_v whole_o to_o put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o catholic_n king_n after_o some_o debate_n the_o french_a abandon_v the_o italian_n and_o on_o the_o first_o of_o january_n 1504_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o lord_n of_o aubigni_n and_o the_o other_o french_a shall_v be_v discharge_v and_o that_o as_o to_o the_o italian_n the_o catholic_n king_n shall_v not_o execute_v any_o of_o they_o till_o such_o time_n as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n can_v send_v ambassador_n to_o intercede_v for_o they_o the_o soldier_n be_v to_o depart_v with_o their_o arm_n and_o baggage_n the_o citizen_n of_o gaeta_n to_o be_v no_o way_n molest_v nor_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o any_o other_o place_n for_o have_v side_v with_o the_o french_a upon_o this_o agreement_n such_o as_o be_v to_o go_v by_o sea_n begin_v immediate_o to_o embark_v theodore_n trivulcio_n march_v out_o with_o the_o french_a and_o italian_n that_o be_v to_o go_v by_o land_n this_o do_v on_o the_o 3d_o of_o january_n the_o city_n and_o castle_n be_v deliver_v up_o and_o the_o prisoner_n on_o our_o side_n release_v the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o castle_n be_v give_v to_o luis_n de_fw-fr herrera_n as_o he_o have_v well_o deserve_v his_o command_n of_o lieutenant_n of_o taranto_n be_v confer_v on_o peter_n hernandez_n de_fw-fr nicuessa_n two_o day_n after_o the_o surrender_n come_v thither_o the_o lord_n of_o aubigni_n and_o about_o 1200_o french_a prisoner_n aubigni_n go_v present_o aboard_o the_o rest_n be_v conduct_v by_o land_n but_o most_o of_o they_o die_v by_o the_o way_n as_o do_v the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr saluzze_n at_o genoa_n the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr palisse_n have_v before_o be_v exchange_v for_o d._n antony_n de_fw-fr cardona_n this_o d._n antony_n serve_v very_o well_o as_o do_v his_o brother_n wherefore_o the_o catholic_n king_n give_v he_o padula_n which_o have_v belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o caparlo_n and_o create_v he_o marquis_n thereof_o someblamed_a the_o great_a captain_n for_o give_v such_o advantageous_a term_n but_o he_o have_v reason_n enough_o to_o justify_v his_o proceed_n the_o chief_a be_v want_v of_o money_n to_o pay_v his_o man_n who_o he_o fear_v may_v again_o mutiny_n then_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v whole_o devote_v to_o the_o french_a and_o last_o the_o treaty_n about_o restore_a king_n frederick_n which_o do_v the_o spaniard_n a_o incredible_a diskindness_n for_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o spanish_a faction_n be_v discourage_v and_o their_o adversaire_n take_v heart_n beside_o none_o of_o the_o revenue_n be_v pay_v in_o every_o one_o wait_v to_o pay_v it_o to_o king_n frederick_n if_o he_o return_v thus_o the_o want_v of_o the_o army_n daily_o increase_v therefore_o gaeta_n be_v reduce_v before_o any_o change_n shall_v happen_v the_o duke_n of_o term_n be_v send_v to_o govern_v abruzzo_n and_o bring_v under_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr bitonto_fw-mi in_o that_o province_n bartholomew_n de_fw-fr albiano_n against_o luis_n de_fw-fr arsi_fw-la who_o fortify_v venosa_fw-la against_o the_o earl_n of_o conversano_n go_v the_o earl_n of_o matera_fw-la and_o peter_n de_fw-fr paz._n giles_n nieto_n and_o peter_n navarro_n besiege_v the_o earl_n of_o capacho_n in_o laurino_n and_o give_v he_o leave_v to_o depart_v with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o equipage_n to_o trana_n hold_v by_o the_o venetian_n but_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v the_o cattle_n cannon_n and_o ammunition_n in_o galabria_n gomez_n de_fw-fr solis_n take_v all_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o rosano_n except_o the_o city_n rosano_n and_o sanseverino_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v besiege_a the_o great_a 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captain_n go_v away_o to_o naples_n where_o he_o be_v spain_n receive_v with_o such_o applause_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v their_o king_n who_o have_v return_v victorious_a thither_o he_o summon_v the_o baron_n &_o counsel_n because_o many_o though_o they_o have_v submit_v to_o spain_n have_v not_o yet_o take_v the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n such_o as_o have_v serve_v well_o he_o gratify_v and_o reward_v particular_o bartholomew_n de_fw-fr alviano_n to_o who_o in_o the_o principality_n of_o bisignano_n he_o assign_v 8000_o ducat_n a_o year_n and_o 2200_o among_o his_o kindred_n according_a to_o every_o man_n merit_n these_o favour_n do_v to_o the_o ursini_n so_o nettle_v the_o colonese_n that_o prosper_n colona_n go_v to_o spain_n to_o complain_v and_o have_v the_o government_n alter_v and_o fabricius_n send_v from_o rome_n to_o ask_v leave_n to_o serve_v the_o florentine_n which_o be_v grant_v lest_o

who_o deliver_v the_o city_n to_o the_o venetian_n french_a be_v a_o native_a of_o it_o and_o have_v great_a power_n in_o it_o be_v not_o only_o take_v but_o condemn_v and_o execute_v as_o a_o traitor_n after_o this_o success_n the_o duke_n of_o nemours_n soon_o recover_v bergamo_n without_o any_o difficulty_n he_o leave_v the_o lord_n of_o aubigni_n with_o a_o sufficient_a force_n to_o secure_v bressa_fw-mi the_o rest_n of_o his_o army_n he_o disperse_v in_o the_o territory_n of_o verona_n and_o go_v away_o himself_o to_o keep_v the_o carnaval_a at_o milan_n and_o there_o to_o rejoice_v at_o his_o victory_n the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v much_o offend_v at_o his_o departure_n at_o such_o a_o juncture_n of_o time_n and_o order_v he_o immediate_o to_o march_v with_o all_o his_o force_n and_o observe_v the_o confederate_a army_n then_o much_o weaken_v and_o in_o distress_n hereupon_o the_o council_n at_o pisa_n take_v the_o boldness_n to_o appoint_v the_o cardinal_n of_o bolonia_n and_o 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which_o be_v contrive_v and_o carry_v on_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o pope_n understanding_n how_o that_o king_n favour_v and_o assist_v the_o enemy_n of_o the_o church_n and_o side_v with_o the_o french_a and_o the_o council_n of_o pisa_n resolve_v with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o college_n of_o cardinal_n to_o take_v such_o course_n against_o he_o as_o be_v usual_a against_o schismatic_a prince_n on_o the_o 18_o of_o february_n he_o pronounce_v sentence_n of_o excommunication_n against_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o navarre_n deprive_v they_o of_o the_o regal_a style_n and_o excommunicate_v dignity_n and_o give_v their_o dominion_n to_o any_o that_o will_v take_v possession_n of_o they_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o king_n ferdinand_n procure_v this_o judgement_n to_o be_v give_v against_o they_o certain_z it_o be_v he_o keep_v it_o for_o sometime_o private_a hope_v some_o other_o way_n to_o make_v sure_a of_o that_o king_n and_o queen_n to_o this_o purpose_n about_o the_o end_n of_o march_n he_o send_v peter_n de_fw-fr hontanon_n from_o burgos_n where_o he_o then_o reside_v in_o his_o name_n to_o declare_v to_o those_o prince_n how_o much_o they_o deviate_v from_o their_o true_a interest_n and_o to_o engage_v they_o not_o to_o give_v any_o aid_n to_o france_n upon_o that_o conjuncture_n nor_o to_o allow_v passage_n through_o their_o dominion_n to_o his_o and_o the_o church_n enemy_n he_o also_o require_v they_o to_o deliver_v up_o to_o he_o their_o son_n the_o prince_n of_o viana_n promise_v to_o marry_v he_o to_o one_o of_o his_o granddaughter_n that_o be_v either_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n or_o princess_n catherine_n they_o refuse_v to_o comply_v with_o any_o of_o these_o demand_n treat_v the_o catholic_n king_n be_v friend_n in_o ill_a manner_n and_o continue_v to_o raise_v man_n and_o make_v other_o warlike_a preparation_n d._n john_n de_fw-fr silua_n who_o be_v general_n for_o castille_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o navarre_n omit_v not_o to_o require_v they_o to_o forbear_v those_o extraordinary_a motion_n but_o they_o make_v no_o account_n of_o his_o message_n they_o be_v much_o encourage_v by_o the_o news_n bring_v from_o italy_n of_o the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o french_a and_o distress_n of_o the_o confederate_a army_n the_o viceroy_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o earldom_n of_o bolonia_n not_o dare_v to_o retire_v for_o fear_n of_o lose_v reputation_n and_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o advance_v and_o take_v any_o enterprise_n in_o hand_n although_o the_o pope_n press_v he_o to_o break_v into_o the_o territory_n of_o milan_n the_o viceroy_n fear_v to_o be_v cut_v off_o his_o provision_n which_o be_v send_v he_o from_o ravenna_n he_o have_v lose_v many_o of_o his_o man_n that_o hard_a wether_n some_o be_v dead_a and_o other_o desert_v what_o be_v worst_a of_o all_o at_o such_o time_n as_o the_o enemy_n be_v very_o near_o the_o duke_n of_o urbin_n lieutenant_n with_o the_o 600_o lance_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n withdraw_v 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to_o propose_v this_o to_o the_o pope_n and_o then_o to_o go_v to_o the_o army_n to_o acquaint_v the_o general_n with_o his_o will._n he_o do_v as_o order_v and_o come_v to_o the_o viceroy_n camp_n on_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o march_n as_o such_o time_n as_o the_o two_o 〈…〉_z in_o sight_n of_o one_o another_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o without_o great_a hazard_n and_o loss_n of_o reputation_n there_o be_v no_o avoid_v a_o battle_n chap._n iii_o the_o famous_a battle_n of_o ravenna_n that_o city_n surrender_v to_o the_o french_a scandalous_a proceed_n of_o the_o mutinous_a cardinal_n and_o open_v of_o the_o lateran_n council_n the_o confederate_a army_n still_o lay_v about_o the_o castille_n of_o s._n peter_n butri_n cento_n and_o pieve_v town_n in_o the_o earldom_n of_o bolonia_n where_o the_o viceroy_n resolve_v to_o fight_v the_o french_a because_o the_o ground_n be_v advantageous_a and_o his_o man_n in_o good_a heart_n the_o french_a army_n and_o force_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o ferrana_n 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venice_n betwixt_o two_o river_n both_o fordable_a one_o of_o they_o be_v call_v roneo_n and_o the_o other_o monton_n they_o run_v close_o by_o the_o wall_n monton_n on_o the_o left_a and_o ronco_n on_o the_o right_n upon_o maunday_n thursday_n the_o french_a encamp_v before_o the_o city_n between_o the_o river_n and_o the_o next_o day_n give_v a_o furious_a assault_n which_o be_v brave_o sustain_v by_o the_o defendant_n and_o particular_o luis_n dentichi_n who_o have_v a_o brother_n kill_v and_o be_v himself_o mortal_o wound_v the_o viceroy_n march_v close_o by_o the_o city_n down_o the_o river_n ronco_n which_o divide_v the_o two_o army_n upon_o holy_a saturday_n he_o encamp_v and_o entrench_v himself_o at_o a_o place_n call_v molinazzo_n two_o mile_n from_o the_o enemy_n there_o be_v variety_n of_o opinion_n about_o what_o ought_v to_o be_v do_v fabricius_n be_v for_o stay_v there_o

kingdom_n to_o come_v over_o with_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v make_v which_o he_o do_v with_o those_o that_o come_v from_o tripoli_n and_o some_o other_o horse_n d._n raymund_n de_fw-fr cardona_n from_o ancona_n repair_v to_o naples_n to_o recruit_v his_o army_n and_o make_v the_o other_o necessary_a preparation_n before_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v pope_n julius_n provide_v for_o the_o celebrate_n the_o lateran_n council_n at_o the_o time_n appoint_v in_o order_n to_o it_o he_o appoint_v 8_o cardinal_n and_o some_o other_o person_n council_n to_o attend_v that_o affair_n and_o reform_v the_o city_n of_o rome_n and_o his_o own_o court_n that_o the_o foreign_a prelate_n may_v not_o be_v scandalize_v at_o any_o disorder_n he_o press_v the_o bishop_n of_o naples_n sicily_n and_o spain_n but_o particular_o the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n and_o sevil_n to_o repair_v to_o the_o council_n that_o so_o he_o may_v bear_v down_o the_o assembly_n at_o pisa_n under_o the_o schismatic_a cardinal_n they_o about_o this_o time_n remove_v from_o pisa_n to_o milan_n and_o encourage_v by_o the_o success_n of_o the_o french_a publish_v their_o declaration_n against_o the_o pope_n it_o contain_v that_o whereas_o they_o have_v often_o entreat_v he_o to_o come_v to_o the_o council_n or_o at_o least_o not_o to_o obstruct_v the_o sit_v of_o it_o and_o that_o instead_o of_o so_o do_v he_o have_v cause_v much_o innocent_a blood_n to_o be_v shed_v and_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o his_o forsake_v his_o vice_n therefore_o they_o suspend_v he_o from_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a jurisdiction_n which_o they_o adjudge_v to_o the_o council_n according_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o eleven_o session_n of_o the_o council_n of_o bosle_n and_o the_o four_o and_o five_o of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n this_o declaration_n be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o church_n of_o milan_n florence_n genoa_n verond●_n and_o bolonia_n a_o business_n that_o scandalize_v the_o whole_a world_n and_o make_v the_o pope_n the_o more_o earnest_a to_o open_v the_o council_n of_o s._n john_n lateran_n at_o length_n it_o be_v open_v on_o the_o 10_o of_o may._n there_o be_v present_v the_o cardinal_n of_o rome_n many_o prelate_n from_o several_a part_n and_o the_o pope_n himself_o preside_v egidius_n de_fw-fr viterbo_n general_n of_o the_o order_n of_o s._n augustin_n make_v a_o learned_a speech_n upon_o the_o subject_a of_o their_o be_v there_o assemble_v chap._n iu._n the_o war_n in_o navarre_n king_n ferdinand_n possess_v himself_o of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o affair_n of_o italy_n the_o great_a captain_n stop_v from_o go_v thither_o the_o truce_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o venetian_n and_o the_o negociation_n of_o the_o cardinal_n of_o italy_n zion_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o on_o the_o 19_o of_o may_v 16000_o swiss_n be_v come_v to_o valcamonica_n and_o bring_v with_o they_o 18_o field_n piece_n beside_o these_o 6000_o come_v by_o the_o way_n of_o novara_n and_o 2000_o by_o bergamo_n the_o baron_n of_o altsaxe_n be_v their_o general_n and_o with_o he_o come_v matthew_n cardinal_n of_o zion_n most_o of_o the_o french_a force_n abandon_v italy_n on_o the_o 27_o of_o may_n above_o 20000_o swiss_n come_v to_o verona_n which_o they_o easy_o take_v the_o french_a quit_v both_o city_n and_o castle_n here_o paul_n capelo_n with_o 700_o man_n at_o arm_n 800_o light-horse_n and_o 4000_o foot_n of_o the_o republic_n join_v the_o swiss_n they_o together_o pursue_v the_o french_a army_n who_o retire_v to_o aste_n on_o the_o utmost_a border_n of_o milan_n the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr palisse_n resolve_v to_o abandon_v lombardy_n be_v terrify_v that_o the_o german_n have_v forsake_v he_o cremona_n milan_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o city_n submit_v themselves_o to_o this_o powerful_a army_n and_o ravenna_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o pope_n the_o spaniard_n be_v for_o restore_v that_o dukedom_n to_o maximilian_n sforcia_n the_o schismatic_a cardinal_n flee_v into_o france_n parma_n and_o plasencia_n submit_v to_o the_o pope_n in_o spain_n the_o difference_n continue_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o navarre_n and_o the_o latter_a be_v fearful_a since_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o nemours_n that_o the_o other_o will_v pretend_v to_o that_o kingdom_n in_o right_a of_o queen_n germana_n the_o french_a ambassador_n in_o navarre_n assure_v that_o king_n that_o his_o master_n will_v stand_v by_o he_o with_o navarre_n all_o his_o force_n and_o offer_v to_o give_v his_o young_a daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o viana_n these_o promise_v so_o prevail_v with_o that_o king_n that_o he_o enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o france_n which_o prove_v his_o ruin_n mean_o while_o the_o marquis_n of_o dorset_n with_o the_o english_a fleet_n in_o which_o be_v 5000_o archer_n come_v to_o passage_n a_o port_n in_o guipuscoa_n d._n frederick_n de_fw-fr portugal_n bishop_n of_o siguença_n who_o be_v at_o s._n sebastian_n by_o the_o king_n order_n to_o furnish_v the_o english_a with_o all_o necessary_n go_v to_o welcome_v he_o a_o good_a force_n be_v gather_v in_o castille_n to_o join_v with_o the_o english_a under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n king_n ferdinand_n design_n be_v first_o to_o invade_v navarre_n that_o he_o may_v leave_v a●_n safe_o behind_o he_o summon_v the_o corle_n of_o arragon_n to_o meet_v at_o monçon_n appoint_v queen_n germana_n to_o preside_v and_o order_v all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v get_v together_o because_o he_o intent_a to_o command_v in_o person_n the_o cortes_n agree_v to_o maintain_v 200_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o 300_o light_a horse_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 2_o year_n and_o 8_o month_n the_o king_n of_o navarre_n to_o divert_v this_o storm_n send_v his_o marshal_n peter_n of_o navarre_n to_o make_v some_o composition_n the_o catholic_n king_n resolve_v to_o besiege_v pamplona_n and_o will_v have_v the_o marquis_n of_o dorset_n join_v with_o he_o but_o he_o excuse_v himself_o say_v he_o have_v no_o order_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o king_n of_o navarre_n and_o complain_v that_o the_o king_n force_n be_v not_o ready_a to_o invade_v guienne_n he_o say_v at_o first_o it_o have_v be_v easy_a to_o take_v bayonne_n it_o be_v unprovided_a which_o now_o will_v be_v very_o difficult_a they_o have_v have_v time_n to_o prepare_v for_o their_o defence_n the_o duke_n of_o alva_n wait_v for_o order_n at_o vitoria_n his_o force_n which_o consist_v of_o 1000_o man_n navarre_n at_o arm_n 1500_o light-horse_n and_o 6000_o foot_n quarter_v in_o alava_n rioja_n and_o guipuzcoa_n order_n be_v bring_v the_o duke_n to_o march_v to_o pamplona_n and_o according_o he_o enter_v the_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n upon_o the_o 21_o of_o july_n d._n luis_n de_fw-fr biamonte_n who_o be_v banish_v navarre_n lead_v the_o van._n the_o queen_n be_v go_v to_o bearne_v and_o the_o king_n be_v at_o pamplona_n but_o no_o hope_n be_v leave_v of_o defend_v it_o retire_v to_o lumbie●●e_n pamplona_n immediate_o surrender_v to_o the_o duke_n and_o all_o other_o place_n be_v for_o do_v the_o same_o upon_o this_o king_n john_n send_v three_o commissioner_n to_o the_o duke_n who_o resign_v up_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n to_o king_n ferdinand_n to_o be_v hold_v in_o trust_n and_o consent_v to_o deliver_v up_o the_o prince_n of_o viana_n the_o king_n son_n king_n john_n withdraw_v over_o the_o mountain_n all_o place_n submit_v except_o estela_n and_o val_n d'_fw-fr ezua_n in_o the_o mountain_n the_o french_a who_o come_v to_o succour_v king_n john_n be_v now_o in_o bearne_n the_o catholic_n king_n come_v to_o logrono_n d._n antony_n d'_fw-fr acuna_n bishop_n of_o zamora_n have_v be_v at_o pamplona_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o the_o see_v apostolic_a to_o require_v king_n john_n not_o to_o side_n with_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o church_n and_o be_v now_o send_v to_o bearne_v to_o advise_v that_o king_n not_o to_o deviate_v from_o the_o late_a article_n agree_v upon_o he_o be_v take_v at_o salvatierra_n and_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o longueville_n the_o french_a general_n and_o governor_n of_o guienne_n who_o afterward_o send_v he_o back_o to_o carry_v on_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n he_o leave_v three_o nephew_n hostage_n for_o his_o return_n navarre_n submit_v so_o easy_o make_v the_o french_a jealous_a of_o some_o treachery_n to_o remove_v which_o suspicion_n king_n john_n put_v salvatierra_n into_o their_o hand_n and_o go_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n he_o have_v resolve_v with_o all_o his_o force_n to_o secure_a guienne_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n king_n ferdinand_n be_v make_v sure_o of_o navarre_n he_o make_v all_o the_o country_n swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o king_n pretend_v king_n john_n have_v break_v ferdinand_n the_o capitulation_n tudela_n submit_v not_o till_o the_o archbishop_n of_o zaragoça_n

oppose_v our_o army_n their_o force_n be_v 800_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o 8000_o foot_n the_o dauphin_n lie_v at_o garriz_n with_o another_o great_a body_n ready_a to_o second_v they_o this_o only_o wait_v the_o come_n of_o king_n john_n with_o his_o force_n to_o march_v into_o navarre_n in_o hope_n of_o their_o come_v the_o people_n of_o the_o valley_n of_o salazar_n and_o roncales_n revolt_v from_o king_n ferdinand_n the_o marshal_n of_o navarre_n also_o who_o till_o then_o have_v stand_v neuter_n declare_v for_o france_n and_o go_v away_o thither_o from_o tudela_n whither_o king_n ferdinand_n go_v to_o meet_v the_o queen_n after_o she_o have_v break_v up_o the_o cortes_n of_o arragon_n at_o monçon_n this_o cause_v king_n john_n to_o hasten_v his_o march_n there_o be_v two_o pass_n through_o the_o mountain_n betwixt_o navarre_n and_o france_n one_o be_v call_v valderroncal_n the_o other_o valderronça_v at_o the_o entrance_n of_o french_a valderronças_n be_v s._n john_n the_o pied_a de_fw-fr porte_fw-fr where_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n then_o be_v through_o the_o other_o pass_v the_o king_n lead_v his_o army_n about_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n with_o he_o go_v the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr palisse_n the_o spaniard_n be_v no_o where_o strong_a enough_o to_o give_v they_o battle_n yet_o several_a commander_n post_v themselves_o in_o the_o straits_n of_o the_o mountain_n among_o the_o rest_n ferdinand_n valdez_n take_v his_o post_n at_o burgi_n which_o place_n be_v very_o weak_a the_o enemy_n come_v on_o assault_v that_o place_n and_o though_o they_o lose_v 400_o man_n carry_v it_o kill_v many_o of_o the_o defendant_n and_o among_o they_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr valdez_n it_o be_v report_v he_o expose_v himself_o to_o that_o danger_n out_o of_o despair_n because_o when_o he_o return_v after_o the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n the_o king_n say_v the_o good_a man_n be_v leave_v there_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n consider_v the_o danger_n pamplona_n be_v in_o left_a 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army_n and_o resolve_v to_o attack_v that_o town_n d._n john_n d'_fw-fr arragon_n son_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o zaragoça_n be_v in_o the_o place_n who_o so_o encourage_v the_o garrison_n though_o small_a that_o the_o french_a retire_v into_o guienne_n the_o duke_n of_o calabria_n upon_o promise_n of_o be_v restore_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n design_v to_o fly_v to_o the_o french_a but_o be_v take_v with_o four_o other_o that_o manage_v his_o intelligence_n he_o be_v keep_v many_o year_n a_o prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o xativa_n and_o his_o accomplice_n execute_v the_o season_n be_v unfit_a to_o lie_v in_o the_o field_n wherefore_o the_o french_a resolve_v to_o be_v the_o most_o expedite_a they_o can_v they_o sack_v two_o monastery_n of_o nun_n that_o be_v without_o the_o wall_n a_o german_a captain_n open_v the_o tabernacle_n to_o scale_v the_o custodium_fw-la throw_v out_o the_o bless_a sacrament_n upon_o the_o altar_n the_o nun_n that_o be_v sacristan_n say_v how_o dare_v you_o commit_v such_o a_o sacrilege_n he_o answer_v this_o be_v not_o the_o god_n of_o the_o german_n but_o of_o the_o spaniard_n he_o be_v say_v soon_o after_o like_o judas_n to_o have_v burst_v asunder_o they_o plant_v their_o cannon_n and_o give_v two_o assault_n but_o still_o the_o defendant_n hold_v out_o the_o duke_n of_o najara_n with_o 600_o foot_n beside_o the_o horse_n appear_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n design_v either_o to_o fight_v or_o else_o to_o cut_v off_o the_o enemy_n provision_n on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o november_n the_o french_a raise_v the_o siege_n and_o return_v towards_o france_n the_o constable_n of_o navarre_n pursue_v they_o and_o kill_v some_o take_v 13_o piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o thus_o end_v that_o war._n all_o the_o agramonteses_n submit_v themselves_o and_o the_o city_n pamplona_n be_v repair_v and_o a_o place_n mark_v out_o to_o build_v a_o castle_n d._n raymund_n de_fw-fr moncada_n have_v fortunate_o settle_v the_o affair_n of_o florence_n march_v towards_o lombardy_n at_o modena_n he_o hold_v a_o council_n of_o war_n to_o consult_v what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v the_o city_n bressa_n be_v besiege_v by_o the_o venetian_n who_o hope_v to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o the_o empeperor_n pretend_v to_o it_o and_o the_o swiss_n will_v have_v it_o give_v to_o duke_n maximilian_n sforcia_n who_o quarrel_n they_o have_v espouse_v to_o end_v this_o quarrel_n it_o be_v agree_v the_o viceroy_n shall_v hold_v it_o for_o the_o league_n till_o it_o can_v be_v decide_v who_o it_o belong_v to_o d._n peter_n d'_fw-fr urrea_n and_o andrew_n de_fw-fr burgo_n go_v to_o rome_n to_o know_v the_o pope_n pleasure_n and_o solicit_v the_o payment_n of_o some_o month_n arrear_n he_o plead_v that_o obligation_n have_v cease_v after_o the_o battle_n of_o ravenna_n yet_o promise_v viceroy_n some_o money_n if_o the_o viceroy_n will_v quit_v lombardy_n and_o return_v to_o ferrara_n which_o above_o all_o thing_n he_o desire_v to_o possess_v himself_o of_o to_o this_o purpose_n the_o duke_n of_o urbino_n be_v encamp_v with_o 2000_o swiss_n a_o small_a force_n and_o even_o that_o desert_a for_o want_n of_o pay_n d._n peter_n d'_fw-fr urrea_n and_o his_o companion_n feed_v the_o pope_n with_o good_a word_n he_o resolve_v to_o send_v bernard_n de_fw-fr bibiena_n who_o be_v afterward_o a_o cardinal_n to_o acquaint_v the_o viceroy_n with_o his_o will._n at_o this_o time_n the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr pescara_n be_v ransom_v from_o the_o french_a come_v to_o milan_n and_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o company_n of_o the_o man_n at_o arm_n that_o have_v belong_v to_o gaspar_n de_fw-fr pomar_n kill_v in_o that_o city_n give_v he_o on_o the_o first_o of_o october_n the_o viceroy_n pass_v the_o po_n with_o 9000_o foot_n prosper_v colona_n be_v march_v with_o above_o 400_o man_n at_o arm_n and_o 1000_o foot_n to_o join_v the_o viceroy_n the_o pope_n endeavour_v to_o hinder_v he_o but_o can_v not_o he_o also_o labour_v with_o the_o cardinal_n of_o zion_n that_o the_o swiss_n shall_v not_o admit_v the_o spaniard_n into_o lombardy_n at_o verona_n rocandulpho_n a_o commander_n of_o the_o emperor_n join_v the_o viceroy_n with_o 2000_o german_n 400_o horse_n and_o 27_o piece_n of_o cannon_n m._n d'_fw-fr aubigni_n before_o distress_a by_o the_o venetian_n see_v this_o new_a supply_n set_v up_o the_o emperor_n colour_n bernard_n de_fw-fr bibiena_n now_o come_v to_o the_o camp_n the_o viceroy_n answer_v he_o be_v too_o forward_o advance_v to_o go_v back_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v put_v a_o end_n to_o that_o undertake_n he_o will_v obey_v the_o command_n of_o the_o pope_n mounseur_fw-fr d'_fw-fr aubigni_n have_v leave_v to_o march_v out_o with_o his_o garrison_n arm_n baggage_n and_o horse_n to_o what_o part_n he_o please_v provide_v it_o be_v not_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o milan_n or_o any_o other_o

be_v there_o take_v and_o carry_v to_o pisa_n julius_n de_fw-fr medicis_n the_o pope_n cousin_n give_v he_o notice_n of_o it_o and_o he_o order_v they_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o civita_n castellana_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o trial._n julius_n de_fw-mi mediois_fw-mi do_v much_o honour_n to_o the_o cardinal_n and_o to_o the_o sieur_n de_fw-fr soliet_n the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o ambassador_n who_o be_v with_o they_o by_o they_o he_o be_v persuade_v to_o declare_v for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n which_o be_v the_o original_a of_o new_a trouble_n during_o the_o vacancy_n of_o the_o popedom_n the_o duke_n of_o milan_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o viceroy_n seize_v placentia_n and_o think_v to_o have_v do_v the_o same_o of_o parma_n thither_o the_o viceroy_n repair_v with_o his_o army_n to_o oppose_v the_o french_a it_o be_v no_o season_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o venetian_n he_o suffer_v great_a want_n of_o money_n and_o there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o supply_v it_o the_o discourse_n of_o conclude_a peace_n betwixt_o the_o emperor_n and_o venetian_n continue_v but_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v upon_o the_o condition_n the_o king_n of_o france_n step_v in_o and_o agree_v with_o that_o republic_n the_o condition_n be_v that_o the_o republic_n shall_v keep_v all_o its_o ancient_a dominion_n except_o cremona_n and_o giaradada_n which_o be_v venice_n restore_v to_o the_o french_a and_o incorporate_v into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n for_o recovery_n of_o that_o dukdom_n and_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o venetian_n the_o republic_n be_v to_o furnish_v 1000_o horse_n and_o 6000_o foot_n under_o the_o command_n of_o bartholomew_n de_fw-fr albiano_n and_o the_o king_n 1200_o horse_n and_o 12000._o foot_n robert_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr marc_n be_v to_o be_v captain_n general_n of_o the_o foot_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr la_fw-fr trimoville_n and_o john_n james_n trivulcio_n lieutenant_n general_n as_o soon_o as_o this_o 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afterward_o they_o lose_v their_o liberty_n king_n henry_n of_o england_n hear_v what_o have_v happen_v declare_v for_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o league_n before_o speak_v of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n also_o upon_o the_o same_o news_n send_v his_o general_n odet_n de_fw-fr lautrec_n with_o force_n into_o italy_n who_o join_v with_o the_o venetian_n take_v alexandria_n and_o pavia_n two_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o state_n of_o milan_n margaret_z sister_n to_o the_o french_a king_n be_v marry_v to_o henry_n d'_fw-fr albret_n king_n of_o navarre_n and_o have_v issue_n joanna_n who_o for_o want_v of_o heir_n male_a inherit_v her_o father_n dominion_n this_o lady_n most_o obstinate_o persist_v in_o heresy_n as_o i_o suppose_v because_o the_o pope_n have_v give_v away_o the_o kingdom_n of_o navarre_n from_o her_o forefather_n anno_fw-la 1528._o at_o madrid_n the_o three_o estate_n swear_v the_o young_a prince_n philip_n heir_n to_o his_o father_n kingdom_n castille_n the_o emperor_n 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among_o the_o rest_n other_o be_v make_v prisoner_n and_o among_o they_o count_n peter_n navarro_n who_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o day_n under_o severe_a confinement_n this_o disaster_n move_v andrea_n doria_n a_o genoese_a but_o admiral_n of_o the_o french_a fleet_n to_o go_v tervice_n over_o to_o the_o emperor_n and_o afterward_o he_o restore_v his_o country_n to_o its_o liberty_n have_v defeat_v and_o expel_v the_o family_n of_o fregosa_n for_o which_o and_o his_o great_a virtue_n he_o gain_v immortal_a renown_n anno_fw-la 1529._o charles_n the_o emperor_n earnest_o desire_v to_o go_v over_o into_o italy_n by_o sea_n there_o to_o receive_v the_o imperial_a crown_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pope_n to_o this_o purpose_n he_o be_v reconcile_v with_o he_o after_o so_o many_o discontent_n and_o affront_v and_o promise_v to_o give_v his_o bastard_n daughter_n margaret_n in_o marriage_n to_o alexander_n de_fw-fr medicis_n as_o also_o to_o restore_v that_o family_n to_o its_o country_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o renew_v the_o league_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o ambassador_n spain_n of_o both_o prince_n meet_v to_o that_o purpose_n at_o cambray_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o france_n and_o flanders_n he_o send_v home_o that_o king_n two_o son_n ransom_v for_o two_o million_o of_o gold_n and_o with_o they_o send_v his_o sister_n ellenor_n who_o be_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o that_o king_n from_o this_o time_n forward_o the_o low_a country_n be_v whole_o exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o france_n and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n burgundy_n be_v entire_o make_v over_o to_o that_o crown_n it_o remain_v now_o to_o agree_v the_o difference_n with_o portugal_n about_o the_o molucco_n island_n it_o portugal_n be_v conclude_v that_o the_o king_n of_o portugal_n shall_v lend_v the_o emperor_n 350000_o ducat_n upon_o condition_n that_o till_o such_o time_n as_o that_o sum_n be_v repay_v the_o castillian_n shall_v forbear_v trading_n in_o those_o 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sforcia_n that_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n may_v be_v restore_v to_o he_o which_o be_v do_v according_o he_o take_v to_o wife_n christiern_n daughter_n to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o emperor_n niece_n he_o be_v order_v to_o pay_v 900000_o ducat_n and_o the_o city_n of_o como_n and_o castle_n of_o milan_n be_v to_o remain_v in_o the_o emperor_n hand_n till_o that_o be_v perform_v the_o marquis_n of_o mantua_n have_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n confer_v upon_o he_o the_o pope_n and_o duke_n of_o ferrara_n be_v at_o variance_n about_o the_o city_n of_o modena_n and_o reggio_n and_o the_o emperor_n as_o umpire_n betwixt_o they_o adjudge_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n after_o this_o he_o set_v out_o for_o germany_n where_o he_o have_v summon_v the_o diet_n to_o meet_v at_o ausburg_n ausburg_n on_o the_o 8_o of_o april_n the_o principal_a aim_n be_v to_o reduce_v the_o heretic_n as_o have_v be_v intend_v at_o other_o diet_n little_o be_v do_v in_o this_o affair_n only_o that_o the_o heretic_n present_v in_o write_v a_o confession_n of_o their_o faith_n which_o of_o that_o city_n be_v call_v the_o ausburg_n confession_n he_o that_o compose_v it_o be_v name_v philip_n melancton_n a_o learned_a man._n the_o imperial_a force_n have_v long_o besiege_v florence_n reduce_v the_o city_n to_o such_o straits_n that_o they_o be_v force_v not_o only_o to_o admit_v the_o family_n of_o the_o medicis_n but_o to_o receive_v alexander_n de_fw-fr medicis_n for_o their_o duke_n and_o so_o lose_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n philibert_n prince_n of_o florence_n orange_n and_o alonso_n davalos_n marquis_n del_fw-it gasto_n and_o of_o pescara_n since_o the_o death_n of_o his_o cousin_n ferdinand_n be_v the_o general_n that_o command_v at_o this_o siege_n margaret_z the_o emperor_n aunt_n die_v at_o mecklin_n in_o brabant_n on_o the_o one_a day_n of_o december_n she_o be_v governess_n of_o those_o province_n and_o mary_n queen_n dowager_n of_o hungary_n succeed_v she_o in_o that_o charge_n which_o she_o hold_v for_o the_o emperor_n her_o brother_n many_o year_n anno_fw-la 1531._o by_o the_o emperor_n order_n the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n who_o place_n it_o be_v summon_v the_o elector_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o meet_v at_o cologn_n to_o choose_v a_o king_n of_o the_o roman_n upon_o the_o day_n appoint_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o they_o all_o but_o one_o ferdinand_n archduke_n of_o austria_n roman_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n be_v elect_v only_a frederick_n duke_n of_o saxony_n protest_v against_o their_o proceed_n but_o the_o year_n after_o he_o agree_v with_o the_o rest_n at_o the_o diet_n of_o ratisbon_n have_v obtain_v liberty_n in_o matter_n of_o religion_n many_o earthquake_n happen_v and_o in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o dikes_n be_v shake_v the_o sea_n break_v in_o and_o whole_a town_n be_v drown_v and_o some_o of_o the_o steeple_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v flanders_n see_v above_o water_n lisbon_n suffer_v extreme_o insomuch_o that_o the_o king_n fear_v his_o palace_n shall_v fall_v upon_o he_o for_o several_a day_n lay_v in_o tent_n in_o the_o field_n the_o water_n separate_v in_o the_o channel_n of_o tagus_n leave_v a_o sort_n of_o a_o island_n in_o the_o middle_n for_o some_o time_n in_o england_n the_o ancient_n catholic_n religion_n be_v now_o subvert_v on_o this_o occasion_n king_n england_n henry_n indulge_v his_o appetite_n have_v cast_v a_o amorous_a eye_n upon_o anne_n bullen_n to_o satisfy_v his_o desire_n he_o put_v from_o he_o queen_n catharine_n upon_o pretence_n that_o she_o have_v be_v marry_v to_o his_o brother_n arthur_n and_o take_v anne_n bullen_n to_o wife_n notwithstanding_o he_o have_v a_o daughter_n call_v mary_n by_o his_o lawful_a wife_n the_o pope_n oppose_v this_o proceed_v and_o can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o approve_v of_o it_o hereupon_o the_o king_n command_v all_o his_o subject_n to_o disow_v the_o supremacy_n of_o the_o pope_n

africa_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o undertake_v this_o war_n at_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o french_a king_n who_o ambassador_n be_v aboard_o the_o fleet._n anno_fw-la 1552._o four_o divine_n or_o minister_n of_o wittenberg_n the_o chief_a of_o who_o be_v brencius_fw-la come_v to_o trent_n trent_n they_o present_v to_o the_o council_n a_o book_n call_v the_o wittenberg_n confession_n all_o this_o be_v only_o to_o amuse_v the_o council_n till_o such_o time_n as_o duke_n maurice_n have_v raise_v man_n and_o make_v other_o warlike_a preparation_n on_o the_o second_o of_o april_n news_n be_v bring_v to_o trent_n that_o he_o have_v seize_v the_o city_n ausburg_n and_o that_o the_o emperor_n be_v in_o danger_n at_o inspruck_n which_o cause_v the_o council_n on_o a_o sudden_a to_o break_v up_o on_o the_o other_o side_n albertus_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n possess_v himself_o of_o treves_n and_o the_o french_a of_o all_o lorraine_n the_o emperor_n be_v much_o perplex_v not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v so_o many_o enemy_n he_o resolve_v to_o release_v the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o the_o landtgrave_n which_o pacify_v duke_n maurice_n on_o the_o border_n of_o italy_n whither_o in_o the_o first_o consternation_n he_o retire_v force_n flock_v to_o he_o from_o all_o part_n however_o he_o pardon_v the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n design_v to_o make_v use_n of_o he_o against_o the_o french_a this_o do_v he_o lay_v siege_n to_o metz_n with_o a_o great_a army_n on_o the_o 20_o of_o october_n but_o many_o of_o his_o man_n perish_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o badness_n of_o the_o wether_n he_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v that_o enterprise_n on_o the_o second_o of_o december_n this_o year_n depart_v this_o life_n the_o bless_a f._n francis_n xaverius_n as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o china_n he_o be_v a_o native_a of_o navarre_n and_o one_o of_o the_o ten_o first_o companion_n xaverius_n of_o s._n ignatius_n he_o preach_v among_o the_o barbarous_a people_n of_o india_n japan_n and_o other_o part_n and_o be_v doubtless_o a_o man_n of_o singular_a sanctity_n and_o admirable_a in_o his_o life_n his_o body_n be_v preserve_v entire_a in_o the_o church_n of_o his_o order_n at_o goa_n he_o be_v canonize_v d._n peter_n de_fw-fr toledo_n be_v viceroy_n of_o naples_n at_o such_o time_n as_o ferdinand_n de_fw-fr sanseverino_n prince_n of_o salerno_n cause_v the_o turkish_a fleet_n under_o the_o command_n of_o rustan_n bassa_n to_o come_v against_o naples_n that_o city_n his_o treason_n be_v discover_v he_o flee_v to_o venice_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o fleet_n return_v to_o constantinople_n without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n only_o near_o the_o island_n ponça_n they_o meet_v andrew_n doria_n overthrow_v his_o fleet_n and_o take_v 7_o of_o his_o galley_n the_o prince_n of_o salerno_n have_v declare_v himself_o go_v away_o to_o the_o port_n to_o incite_v he_o the_o next_o year_n to_o send_v another_o fleet._n the_o emperor_n have_v put_v a_o garrison_n into_o sienna_n under_o the_o command_n of_o d._n james_n de_fw-fr mendoza_n imperialist_n upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o tumult_n and_o faction_n in_o that_o city_n and_o to_o prevent_v its_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o french_a d._n james_n for_o his_o great_a security_n raise_v a_o fort_n for_o the_o garrison_n the_o citizen_n suspect_v this_o tend_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o liberty_n put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o france_n and_o then_o take_v arm_n expel_v the_o garrison_n raze_v the_o fort_n from_o the_o very_a foundation_n which_o necessitate_v they_o to_o prepare_v for_o the_o ensue_a war_n and_o for_o the_o siege_n which_o be_v lay_v to_o the_o place_n by_o d._n peter_n de_fw-fr toledo_n in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o emperor_n command_n this_o year_n die_v at_o florence_n paulus_n jovius_n at_o ferrara_n lillus_n gregorius_n giraldus_n and_o at_o salamanca_n ferdinand_n pincianus_fw-la the_o greek_a commentator_n anno_fw-la 1553._o king_n edward_n of_o england_n depart_v this_o life_n on_o the_o 16_o of_o july_n his_o sister_n queen_n mary_n die_v succeed_v he_o tho_o oppose_v by_o many_o she_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o crown_n restore_v the_o catholic_n religion_n d._n peter_n de_fw-fr toledo_n lie_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o sienna_n die_v in_o the_o house_n of_o his_o son-in-law_n cosmo_n de_fw-fr medicis_n duke_n of_o florence_n his_o force_n return_v to_o naples_n upon_o a_o report_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o turkish_a fleet_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o aforementioned_a prince_n of_o salerno_n this_o fleet_n appear_v before_o naples_n but_o there_o happen_v no_o mutiny_n in_o the_o city_n it_o sail_v on_o to_o corsica_n great_a part_n whereof_o the_o turk_n possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o genoeses_n this_o year_n john_n prince_n of_o portugal_n marry_v joanna_n the_o emperor_n daughter_n with_o great_a solemnity_n but_o the_o joy_n of_o this_o match_n be_v not_o last_v anno_fw-la 1554._o before_o a_o year_n be_v go_v about_o after_o his_o marriage_n the_o say_a prince_n john_n die_v at_o lisbon_n the_o second_o of_o january_n his_o body_n be_v bury_v at_o the_o monastery_n of_o bethlem_n near_o lisbon_n on_o the_o 20_o of_o january_n his_o wife_n be_v deliver_v of_o a_o son_n who_o of_o the_o day_n of_o his_o birth_n be_v portugal_n call_v sebastian_n he_o be_v of_o a_o noble_a and_o true_o royal_a spirit_n but_o live_v not_o long_o his_o mother_n go_v away_o to_o castille_n to_o govern_v those_o kingdom_n because_o her_o brother_n prince_n philip_n be_v go_v away_o to_o be_v marry_v the_o new_a queen_n of_o england_n desire_v to_o secure_v herself_o in_o the_o throne_n think_v fit_a to_o choose_v a_o resolute_a and_o powerful_a husband_n and_o find_v none_o fit_a for_o her_o purpose_n than_o philip_n spain_n prince_n of_o spain_n to_o who_o the_o emperor_n his_o father_n have_v on_o the_o last_o of_o october_n before_o resign_v up_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n and_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n all_o point_n be_v adjust_v the_o prince_n go_v over_o into_o england_n where_o the_o marriage_n be_v solemnize_v at_o winchester_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o july_n be_v st._n james_n day_n cardinal_n reginald_n poole_n be_v present_a be_v the_o pope_n legate_n of_o the_o blood_n royal_a of_o england_n and_o great_a sanctity_n of_o life_n to_o reduce_v that_o kingdom_n as_o he_o do_v to_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n our_o force_n return_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o sienna_n and_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr marignano_n the_o emperor_n general_n overthrow_v in_o battle_n near_o that_o city_n peter_n strozzi_n a_o banish_a florentin_n send_v by_o the_o french_a king_n with_o force_n to_o relieve_v the_o besiege_a and_o drive_v the_o imperialist_n out_o of_o milan_n anno_fw-la 1555._o pope_n julius_n die_v at_o rome_n the_o 23d_o of_o march_n and_o on_o the_o 10_o of_o april_n cardinal_n marcellus_n pope_n gerninus_n bear_v at_o montepulchiano_n be_v choose_v to_o succeed_v he_o and_o keep_v his_o former_a name_n he_o hold_v s._n peter_n chair_n only_o 22_o day_n wherefore_o on_o the_o 23th_o of_o may_n cardinal_n john_n peter_n garrasa_n bear_v at_o naples_n of_o noble_a birth_n and_o a_o great_a spirit_n be_v elect_v in_o his_o room_n he_o take_v the_o name_n of_o paul_n ivth_o and_o govern_v the_o church_n 4_o year_n 2_o month_n and_o 27_o day_n at_o length_n the_o city_n sienna_n tire_v with_o the_o misery_n of_o a_o long_a siege_n be_v surrender_v to_o emperor_n the_o emperor_n d._n francis_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n cardinal_n of_o burgos_n be_v send_v from_o rome_n to_o settle_v the_o government_n of_o that_o city_n at_o the_o suit_n and_o intercession_n of_o cardinal_n alexander_n farnesius_n the_o emperor_n pardon_v his_o brother_n duke_z octavius_z but_o keep_v in_o his_o hand_n the_o citadel_n of_o plasencia_n where_o a_o spanish_a garrison_n be_v leave_v which_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o some_o year_n after_o withdraw_v d._n ferdinand_n of_o toledo_n duke_n of_o alva_n be_v at_o this_o time_n viceroy_n of_o naples_n he_o be_v order_v to_o march_v to_o milan_n to_o oppose_v the_o marshal_n de_fw-fr brissac_n who_o make_v war_n on_o that_o side_n for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n though_o not_o with_o much_o vigour_n king_n philip_n the_o summer_n be_v well_o advance_v depart_v out_o of_o england_n and_o come_v to_o brussels_n where_o the_o emperor_n his_o father_n resign_v up_o to_o he_o all_o his_o kingdom_n be_v desirous_a to_o emperor_n take_v his_o repose_n as_o he_o according_o do_v the_o year_n follow_v when_o have_v give_v up_o the_o empire_n to_o his_o brother_n ferdinand_n he_o with_o his_o two_o sister_n the_o two_o queen_n ellenor_n and_o mary_n go_v over_o into_o spain_n and_o make_v choice_n for_o his_o retreat_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n justa_n of_o the_o order_n of_o s._n hierome_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o plasencia_n

of_o granada_n andrew_n de_fw-fr cuesta_n bishop_n of_o leon_n d._n martin_n de_fw-fr ayala_n of_o segovia_n d._n james_n de_fw-fr covarrubias_n of_o cuidad_fw-es rodrigo_n and_o d._n antony_n augustin_n of_o lerida_n of_o the_o divine_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o father_n james_n lainez_n alonso_n salmeron_n and_o peter_n de_fw-fr soto_n of_o the_o order_n of_o s._n dominick_n a_o learned_a and_o pious_a man_n he_o die_v at_o trent_n in_o his_o old_a age_n he_o be_v under_o a_o cloud_n at_o rome_n salarraez_n king_n of_o algiers_n this_o year_n lay_v siege_n to_o oran_n and_o mazalquivir_n the_o earl_n of_o alcaudete_fw-la be_v in_o oran_n and_o his_o brother_n d._n martin_n de_fw-fr cordova_n in_o mazalquivir_n both_o of_o they_o behave_v themselves_o with_o much_o bravery_n but_o the_o defence_n of_o mazalquivir_n which_o be_v hard_a press_v will_v ever_o be_v famous_a d._n john_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n general_n of_o the_o spanish_a galley_n come_v thither_o raise_v the_o siege_n anno_fw-la 1564._o john_n calvin_n die_v at_o geneva_n the_o 19_o of_o may_n theodorus_n beza_n succeed_v he_o former_a beza_n wicked_a but_o the_o latter_a if_o possible_a worse_a to_o discover_v how_o wicked_a a_o man_n beza_n be_v it_o suffice_v to_o read_v his_o love_n poem_n by_o they_o it_o appear_v he_o be_v a_o fit_a head_n for_o the_o sect_n he_o profess_v d._n garcia_n de_fw-fr toledo_n marquis_n of_o villafranca_n son_n to_o d._n peter_n de_fw-fr toledo_n who_o be_v viceroy_n of_o sicily_n and_o admiral_n of_o spain_n this_o year_n on_o the_o 6_o of_o september_n near_o the_o city_n velez_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n take_v from_o the_o moor_n the_o strong_a castle_n el_n penol_n build_v former_o by_o count_n peter_n navarro_n but_o at_o this_o time_n possess_v by_o the_o moor_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o july_n the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n die_v at_o vienna_n his_o son_n maximilian_n the_o second_o take_v of_o the_o name_n succeed_v he_o anno_fw-la 1565._o d._n luis_n de_fw-fr biamonte_n earl_n of_o lerin_n and_o constable_n of_o navarre_n depart_v this_o life_n without_o leave_v any_o issue-male_n and_o d._n james_n de_fw-fr toledo_n young_a son_n to_o duke_n of_o alva_n marry_v his_o daughter_n brianda_fw-mi inherit_v all_o his_o estate_n thus_o end_v that_o family_n which_o for_o many_o year_n have_v disturb_v the_o kingdom_n always_o oppose_v the_o natural_a king_n from_o who_o it_o be_v descend_v elizabeth_z queen_n of_o spain_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n go_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o france_n as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n bayonne_n in_o guienne_n where_o she_o spend_v 17_o day_n with_o her_o mother_n and_o brother_n and_o then_o return_v into_o spain_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o island_n of_o malta_n begin_v to_o be_v infest_a by_o the_o turkish_a fleet._n three_o turk_n month_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o siege_n many_o knight_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o enemy_n be_v slay_v and_o among_o they_o the_o pirate_n dragut_n take_v off_o with_o a_o cannon-ball_n at_o last_o the_o turk_n understanding_n that_o d._n garcia_n de_fw-fr toledo_n viceroy_n of_o sicily_n be_v come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o besiege_a they_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o sail_v off_o have_v sustain_v great_a loss_n in_o spain_n in_o pursuance_n of_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n many_o synod_n be_v hold_v spain_n the_o principal_a be_v those_o of_o toledo_n salamanca_n and_o braga_n in_o that_o of_o toledo_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o siguença_n d._n peter_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gasca_n and_o among_o the_o deputy_n for_o the_o church_n of_o cuenca_n d._n alonso_n ramirez_n de_fw-fr vergara_n a_o man_n very_o much_o note_v for_o learning_n and_o piety_n and_o extreme_o charitable_a especial_o towards_o the_o jesuit_n for_o who_o he_o build_v at_o his_o own_o cost_n a_o college_n at_o alcala_n whither_o his_o bone_n be_v translate_v with_o much_o solemnity_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o october_n 1621._o to_o a_o stately_a church_n there_o build_v by_o the_o lady_n mary_n and_o katherine_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n the_o body_n of_o the_o martyr_n s_o eugenius_n first_o bishop_n of_o toledo_n be_v with_o great_a solemnity_n bring_v from_o the_o monastery_n of_o s._n denis_n near_o paris_n and_o arrive_v at_o toledo_n the_o 18_o of_o november_n the_o king_n be_v present_a at_o the_o feast_n with_o all_o the_o royal_a family_n the_o prince_n rodulphus_fw-la and_o ernestus_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v assemble_v at_o the_o synod_n pope_n pius_n the_o four_o depart_v this_o life_n the_o 10_o of_o december_n anno_fw-la 1566._o cardinal_n michael_n gislerius_n bear_v at_o boschio_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o alexandria_n a_o city_n of_o lombardy_n and_o of_o the_o order_n of_o s._n dominick_n be_v on_o the_o seven_o of_o january_n choose_v pope_n he_o pope_n take_v the_o name_n of_o pius_n v._o and_o govern_v the_o church_n 6_o year_n 3_o month_n and_o 23_o day_n his_o life_n and_o conversation_n be_v so_o holy_a few_o have_v be_v to_o compare_v to_o he_o the_o catholic_n king_n be_v in_o the_o forest_n of_o balsain_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o summer_n when_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o august_n the_o queen_n be_v deliver_v of_o a_o daughter_n call_v elizabeth_n clare_n eugenia_n solyman_n the_o great_a turk_n have_v lay_v siege_n to_o sige_v a_o strong_a but_o small_a town_n in_o hungary_n before_o it_o can_v be_v reduce_v he_o die_v but_o yet_o his_o army_n afterward_o take_v the_o place_n he_o leave_v sige_v his_o son_n selimus_n the_o second_o his_o heir_n margaret_z duchess_n of_o parma_n the_o catholic_n king_n be_v sister_n govern_v the_o low_a country_n for_o he_o the_o heretic_n contemn_v she_o because_o she_o be_v a_o woman_n and_o consequent_o country_n those_o province_n begin_v to_o mutiny_n many_o extraordinary_a insolence_n be_v commit_v in_o several_a place_n but_o most_o they_o rage_v against_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n that_o be_v in_o the_o church_n the_o queen_n of_o scotland_n fly_v the_o rebellion_n of_o her_o subject_n at_o home_n be_v force_v into_o imprison_v england_n where_o upon_o false_a information_n contrary_a to_o all_o human_a and_o divine_a law_n she_o be_v cast_v into_o prison_n anno_fw-la 1567._o the_o archbishop_n of_o toledo_n after_o his_o case_n have_v depend_v many_o year_n be_v by_o order_n of_o pope_n pius_n the_o five_o send_v to_o rome_n where_o he_o arrive_v the_o 28_o of_o may_n and_o be_v send_v prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o santangelo_n till_o judgement_n shall_v be_v give_v the_o rebellion_n in_o flanders_n run_v high_a and_o continue_v for_o several_a year_n d._n ferdinand_n of_o paris_n toledo_n duke_n of_o alva_n be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o quench_v this_o fire_n soon_o after_o his_o arrival_n the_o princess_n margaret_n go_v away_o for_o italy_n and_o the_o count_n of_o horn_n and_o egmont_n be_v take_v up_o by_o the_o duke_n the_o rebel_n heretic_n in_o france_n besiege_v paris_n the_o constable_n montmorancy_n march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n they_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n near_o st._n denis_n where_o the_o catholic_n get_v the_o victory_n but_o with_o the_o death_n of_o the_o constable_n the_o enemy_n with_o the_o admiral_n their_o general_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n count_n aremberg_n who_o come_v from_o flanders_n with_o 4000_o burgundian_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o catholic_n be_v very_o instrumental_a in_o obtain_v this_o victory_n anno_fw-la 1568._o on_o the_o seven_o of_o march_n the_o body_n of_o the_o holy_a martyr_n pastor_n and_o justus_n be_v bring_v from_o huesca_n and_o inter_v at_o alcala_n de_fw-fr henares_n where_o they_o suffer_v and_o be_v bear_v the_o principal_a ringleader_n of_o the_o rebellion_n in_o the_o low_a country_n be_v the_o prince_n of_o holland_n orange_n who_o fear_v to_o meet_v with_o what_o he_o deserve_v be_v flee_v his_o brother_n count_n luis_n with_o several_a company_n of_o german_n enter_v westfrizeland_a count_n aremberg_n with_o his_o force_n and_o the_o spanish_a regiment_n of_o d._n gonçalo_n de_fw-fr bracamonte_n march_v against_o he_o but_o be_v too_o hasty_a in_o charge_v be_v overthrow_v the_o count_n and_o many_o more_o be_v slay_v the_o rest_n flee_v to_o groningen_n through_o the_o marsh_n the_o country_n be_v overflow_v by_o reason_n the_o dikes_n be_v break_v count_n egmont_n and_o count_n horn_n be_v convict_v of_o treason_n as_o be_v believe_v very_o wrongful_o be_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n order_n execute_v at_o brussels_n they_o be_v public_o behead_v on_o the_o four_o of_o june_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o people_n mutiny_v they_o be_v strong_o guard_v to_o the_o scaffold_n and_o all_o the_o street_n line_v this_o execution_n rather_o incense_v than_o appease_v the_o people_n this_o do_v the_o duke_n of_o alva_n march_v against_o the_o

consider_v how_o prejudicial_a to_o our_o affair_n the_o fort_n and_o bridge_n of_o olivença_n be_v be_v upon_o the_o river_n guadiana_n and_o cut_v off_o our_o convoy_n of_o provision_n that_o be_v to_o march_v on_o this_o side_n the_o river_n he_o march_v thither_o with_o 6000_o foot_n 2000_o horse_n and_o 3_o piece_n of_o cannon_n after_o our_o cannon_n be_v plant_v and_o begin_v to_o play_v though_o they_o in_o the_o fort_n make_v some_o shot_n they_o surrender_v the_o first_o day_n as_o do_v those_o upon_o the_o bridge_n the_o fort_n be_v easy_o raze_v but_o there_o be_v great_a difficulty_n in_o break_v the_o bridge_n the_o matter_n that_o cement_v it_o be_v hard_a than_o the_o stone_n itself_o so_o that_o though_o the_o foot_n spend_v 10_o day_n work_v at_o it_o with_o pickaxe_n they_o must_v have_v go_v away_o and_o leave_v it_o stand_v have_v not_o mean_n be_v find_v to_o blow_v it_o up_o all_o the_o mill_n on_o this_o side_n guadiana_n that_o serve_v the_o neighbour_a town_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n destroy_v mean_a while_n intelligence_n be_v give_v that_o the_o post_n be_v come_v from_o lisbon_n to_o elvas_n a_o officer_n be_v send_v with_o 6_o trooper_n to_o intercept_v it_o by_o the_o way_n they_o take_v a_o soldier_n go_v to_o elvas_n to_o carry_v the_o news_n that_o 1800_o foot_n be_v march_v to_o reinforce_v that_o place_n and_o will_v the_o next_o morning_n be_v near_o villalvin_n this_o intelligence_n be_v immediate_o carry_v to_o the_o marquis_n molinguen_o who_o have_v compute_v the_o time_n and_o find_v it_o be_v practicable_a to_o cut_v they_o off_o send_v the_o two_o commissary_n general_n with_o 1500_o horse_n and_o they_o come_v so_o opportune_o that_o of_o the_o 1800_o foot_n they_o kill_v 500_o and_o take_v 200_o prisoner_n 40_o of_o who_o they_o leave_v by_o the_o way_n be_v desperate_o wound_v have_v there_o not_o be_v a_o mountain_n hard_a by_o not_o one_o of_o they_o have_v escape_v it_o be_v afterward_o know_v by_o some_o prisoner_n that_o above_o 350_o wound_a man_n return_v the_o next_o day_n to_o estremoz_fw-mi in_o catalonia_n the_o marquis_n of_o mortara_n general_n of_o the_o spanish_a force_n have_v suffer_v the_o count_n de_fw-fr harcour_n the_o french_a viceroy_n of_o catalonia_n who_o have_v take_v rose_n to_o pass_v the_o river_n segre_n in_o his_o sight_n be_v by_o he_o in_o a_o bloody_a battle_n overthrow_v and_o take_v prisoner_n catalonia_n with_o 200_o of_o his_o officer_n most_o of_o they_o man_n of_o quality_n andrew_n cantelmo_n with_o most_o of_o the_o horse_n flee_v to_o balaguer_v whether_o harcour_n pursue_v and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o town_n take_v he_o in_o it_o these_o things-moved_n king_n philip_n to_o recall_v the_o marquis_n of_o leganez_n out_o of_o estremadura_n and_o send_v he_o into_o catalonia_n with_o the_o title_n of_o viceroy_n and_o captain-general_n of_o that_o principality_n and_o the_o county_n of_o roussillon_n and_o cerdagne_n the_o marquis_n of_o molinguen_n 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be_v to_o remove_v the_o french_a out_o take_v of_o the_o castle_n of_o term_n a_o place_n of_o such_o strength_n that_o they_o call_v it_o petit_fw-fr rochel_n be_v six_o mile_n distant_a from_o lerida_n and_o three_o from_o balaguer_n march_v on_o the_o 6_o of_o april_n at_o midnight_n from_o lerida_n with_o a_o body_n of_o foot_n and_o some_o horse_n towards_o that_o place_n before_o break_v of_o day_n he_o assault_v it_o with_o such_o bravery_n that_o he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o putting_z most_o of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n this_o do_v he_o order_v his_o horse_n to_o advance_v and_o fire_v some_o gun_n in_o hope_n to_o draw_v out_o the_o garrison_n of_o balaguer_n but_o they_o stir_v not_o in_o this_o castle_n of_o term_n be_v find_v 1000_o musket_n 500_o suit_n of_o armour_n 10_o piece_n of_o cannon_n 10_o boat_n to_o make_v bridge_n with_o the_o cart_n to_o carry_v they_o tent_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 4000_o ducat_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o merchandise_n and_o much_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n this_o place_n be_v one_o of_o the_o enemy_n magazine_n the_o french_a in_o garrison_n at_o balaguer_n think_v to_o carry_v some_o timber_n and_o other_o materal_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o term_n to_o serve_v in_o the_o forfication_n they_o be_v raise_v to_o which_o purpose_n they_o send_v thither_o 100_o man_n with_o mule_n for_o carriage_n but_o d._n gregory_n brito_n have_v notice_n of_o it_o circumvent_v the_o whole_a party_n and_o make_v they_o prisoner_n without_o any_o bloodshed_n italy_n enjoy_v peace_n but_o be_v now_o alarm_v with_o the_o news_n of_o the_o mighty_a maritime_a preparation_n make_v by_o the_o ottoman_a emperor_n which_o move_v the_o viceroy_n of_o sicily_n and_o naples_n to_o put_v themselves_o into_o the_o best_a posture_n of_o defence_n they_o be_v able_a the_o great_a master_n of_o malta_n send_v all_o over_o christendom_n to_o summon_v all_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o order_n to_o repair_v to_o he_o with_o what_o supply_v they_o can_v the_o venetian_n also_o judge_v all_o those_o preparation_n be_v make_v against_o they_o omit_v nothing_o that_o can_v tend_v to_o the_o secure_n of_o their_o dominion_n at_o last_o have_v hold_v all_o europe_n in_o suspense_n this_o mighty_a storm_n fall_v upon_o the_o island_n of_o candia_n where_o the_o infidel_n soon_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o fort_n s_o theodore_n and_o the_o city_n canea_n his_o holiness_n this_o year_n in_o march_n create_v nine_o cardinal_n the_o duke_n of_o arcos_n new_a viceroy_n of_o naples_n come_v to_o rome_n where_o he_o be_v honourable_o receive_v and_o splendid_o entertain_v by_o the_o pope_n after_o which_o he_o set_v forward_o for_o naples_n prince_n thomas_n of_o savoy_n enter_v some_o mile_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o milan_n possess_v himself_o of_o roca_n de_fw-fr bejeven_n but_o present_o retire_v thence_o and_o seize_v the_o castle_n of_o pro_n and_o some_o hill_n about_o it_o the_o marquis_n of_o velada_n governor_n of_o milan_n march_v from_o mortara_n with_o 7000_o foot_n and_o 8_o piece_n of_o cannon_n he_o attack_v the_o enemy_n with_o such_o bravery_n that_o they_o be_v drive_v from_o their_o place_n of_o strength_n have_v lose_v 1500_o of_o their_o foot_n and_o among_o they_o 300_o officer_n prince_n maurice_n of_o savoy_n die_v afterward_o of_o his_o wound_n and_o prince_n thomas_n his_o brother_n receive_v two_o musket-shot_n anno_fw-la 1646._o harcour_n the_o french_a viceroy_n in_o catalonia_n lay_v siege_n to_o lerida_n a_o strong_a and_o important_a city_n upon_o the_o river_n segre_n and_o the_o border_n of_o catalonia_n and_o arragon_n before_o this_o place_n he_o french_a lie_v five_o month_n hinder_v all_o manner_n of_o succour_n from_o be_v put_v into_o it_o the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr leganes_n the_o spanish_a general_n after_o he_o have_v take_v several_a small_a place_n to_o give_v a_o diversion_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o cut_v off_o some_o of_o their_o convoy_n find_v they_o not_o quit_v their_o enterprise_n be_v join_v by_o the_o duke_n del_fw-it infantado_n and_o his_o army_n now_o amount_v to_o 25000_o man_n resolve_v to_o attack_v the_o french_a in_o their_o trench_n which_o according_o he_o do_v and_o after_o a_o hot_a dispute_n put_v they_o to_o flight_n force_v they_o to_o take_v shelter_n at_o balaguer_n all_o their_o baggage_n cannon_n and_o great_a store_n of_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n be_v take_v this_o victory_n cost_v the_o spaniard_n much_o blood_n be_v force_v to_o drive_v the_o enemy_n out_o of_o their_o work_n but_o the_o importance_n of_o relieve_v lerida_n make_v amends_o for_o all_o prince_n thomas_n of_o savoy_n who_o command_v the_o french_a in_o italy_n in_o may_n appear_v before_o italy_n the_o port_n telamonius_n and_o s._n stephen_n with_o a_o powerful_a fleet_n and_o 20000_o men._n he_o soon_o make_v

spaniard_n in_o italy_n the_o king_n easy_o grant_v his_o request_n and_o promise_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o some_o of_o his_o man_n of_o war._n he_o go_v away_o to_o marseilles_n and_o there_o give_v order_n for_o the_o fit_v out_o of_o this_o squadron_n at_o toulon_n whis_fw-la be_v perform_v with_o such_o expedition_n that_o by_o the_o middle_n of_o october_n it_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o sail_v it_o consist_v of_o 23_o great_a ship_n 6_o galley_n and_o other_o small_a vessel_n well_o man_v and_o store_v with_o all_o necessary_n the_o duke_n himself_o command_v in_o person_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n the_o fleet_n hoist_a sail_n and_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o sardinia_n but_o be_v by_o the_o wether_n drive_v to_o cape_n polo_n in_o the_o island_n of_o corsica_n the_o earl_n of_o lemos_n give_v notice_n of_o it_o to_o the_o viceroy_n of_o naples_n the_o wether_n clear_v up_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n scour_v all_o the_o coast_n of_o naples_n till_o the_o wind_n again_o carry_v he_o to_o sicily_n to_o the_o island-fabiana_a near_o trepano_n where_o he_o take_v 300_o head_n of_o great_a cattle_n 1000_o of_o small_a 1000_o barrel_n of_o tunny_n fish_n and_o all_o the_o fish_n tackle_n hereupon_o the_o duke_n del_fw-it infantado_n viceroy_n of_o sicily_n sail_v close_o under_o the_o shore_n in_o a_o galley_n get_v into_o trepano_n to_o encourage_v the_o people_n the_o enemy_n by_o stress_n of_o wether_n be_v drive_v to_o the_o channel_n of_o malta_n whence_o they_o be_v force_v by_o the_o cannon_n of_o that_o place_n and_o enter_v the_o gulf_n of_o venice_n and_o come_v before_o castelamar_n the_o viceroy_n of_o naples_n understanding_n that_o the_o french_a be_v ply_v upon_o the_o coast_n so_o that_o no_o body_n can_v judge_v of_o their_o design_n send_v some_o force_n with_o cannon_n to_o bain_n and_o puzol_n to_o secure_v those_o place_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o send_v out_o 15_o galley_n to_o observe_v the_o enemy_n but_o a_o sudden_a storm_n arise_v force_v they_o back_o not_o without_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v cast_v away_o two_o express_v come_v to_o the_o viceroy_n one_o from_o lieutenant_n general_n amadee_n to_o acquaint_v he_o he_o have_v be_v summon_v by_o a_o trumpet_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n and_o have_v answer_v he_o will_v defend_v that_o place_n to_o the_o last_o the_o other_o bring_v the_o same_o news_n from_o the_o earl_n of_o chelano_n though_o it_o be_v think_v unlikely_a that_o the_o enemy_n will_v attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o castelamar_n both_o because_o it_o be_v a_o open_a town_n not_o fit_a for_o they_o to_o keep_v as_o also_o for_o that_o there_o be_v then_o in_o it_o 800_o foot_n and_o two_o troop_n of_o horse_n beside_o a_o great_a number_n of_o gentleman_n and_o other_o people_n fit_a to_o bear_v arm_n yet_o the_o viceroy_n send_v thither_o 4_o troop_n of_o horse_n 150_o spanish_a foot_n and_o near_o 50_o reform_a officer_n a_o good_a quantity_n of_o ammunition_n and_o 4_o piece_n of_o cannon_n beside_o he_o send_v a_o galley_n with_o supply_n thither_o by_o sea_n and_o order_v general_n frangipani_n then_o at_o salerno_n to_o march_v with_o all_o expedition_n to_o castelamar_n but_o scarce_o have_v the_o duke_n of_o guise_n receive_v the_o answer_n send_v he_o by_o the_o lieutenant_n general_n amadee_n when_o he_o land_v his_o man_n which_o do_v he_o begin_v from_o from_o the_o fleet_n furious_o to_o cannonade_n the_o town_n those_o that_o be_v land_v at_o the_o same_o time_n assault_v it_o in_o three_o place_n it_o be_v night_n and_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o regiment_n of_o calabria_n perceive_v a_o great_a number_n of_o french_a come_v down_o the_o mountain_n flee_v the_o governor_n thus_o forsake_v capitulated_n the_o troop_n send_v by_o the_o viceroy_n come_v after_o the_o surrender_n and_o the_o galley_n can_v not_o get_v in_o the_o place_n be_v surround_v by_o the_o enemy_n fleet._n have_v take_v the_o town_n the_o french_a plunder_v it_o ship_v all_o the_o booty_n which_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n afterward_o excuse_v say_v it_o be_v do_v without_o his_o order_n the_o viceroy_n not_o know_v the_o place_n be_v take_v have_v order_v general_n charles_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr gata_n to_o march_v thither_o with_o all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v from_o sessa_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o news_n of_o the_o surrender_n be_v bring_v the_o nobility_n and_o commonalty_n of_o naples_n offer_v the_o viceroy_n to_o serve_v his_o majesty_n with_o their_o life_n so_o that_o a_o good_a army_n be_v form_v of_o only_o private_a person_n the_o duke_n of_o guise_n land_v with_o 1500_o horse_n be_v meet_v by_o 500_o spanish_a foot_n and_o 4_o troop_n of_o horse_n who_o oblige_v he_o to_o retire_v with_o some_o loss_n he_o cut_v over_o another_o way_n towards_o the_o tower_n of_o annunciada_n and_o meet_v there_o with_o another_o party_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n repulse_v and_o force_v to_o fly_v another_o party_n of_o french_a be_v rout_v upon_o the_o mountain_n at_o gragnano_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o force_n draw_v off_o 400_o of_o they_o deliver_v themselves_o up_o to_o general_n charles_n de_fw-fr gata_n and_o declare_v that_o 1500_o have_v be_v kill_v the_o night_n of_o the_o 21th_o the_o fleet_n be_v in_o a_o great_a storm_n which_o drive_v a_o ship_n of_o 40_o gun_n ashore_o at_o castelamar_n where_o she_o be_v lose_v with_o 5_o tartan_o so_o that_o nothing_o succeed_v they_o abandon_v the_o city_n but_o as_o they_o go_v aboard_o captain_n matelle_n fall_v upon_o they_o and_o make_v a_o great_a slaughter_n they_o sail_v in_o great_a danger_n the_o ship_n be_v much_o shatter_v by_o the_o shot_n of_o our_o galley_n and_o to_o crown_v their_o misfortune_n a_o ship_n in_o which_o be_v 600_o man_n stick_v upon_o the_o rock_n of_o montaragone_fw-mi and_o 3_o other_o lade_v with_o ammunition_n be_v drive_v upon_o that_o shore_n this_o be_v the_o success_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o guise_n his_o expedition_n the_o venetian_n now_o make_v great_a levy_n the_o turk_n army_n that_o lie_v before_o candia_n have_v receive_v candia_n fresh_a supply_n of_o man_n and_o money_n from_o constantinople_n the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o coffer_n be_v exhaust_v with_o continual_a war_n sell_v the_o territory_n of_o fera_fw-fr and_o marquisate_n of_o neste_n to_o cardinal_n mazarine_n for_o 2_o million_o of_o liver_n and_o make_v the_o marquis_n de_fw-fr normentier_n marshal_v of_o france_n for_o 200000._o cardinal_n mazarine_n reform_v a_o great_a number_n of_o army_n officer_n whereupon_o many_o of_o they_o be_v discontent_v go_v over_o to_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n though_o so_o spare_v of_o the_o king_n money_n with_o his_o own_o or_o rather_o the_o king_n be_v he_o buy_v the_o dukedom_n of_o humene_n nivers_n and_o rhetel_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n and_o thus_o become_v one_o of_o the_o great_a subject_n in_o france_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n fight_v a_o bloody_a battle_n with_o the_o muscovite_n tartar_n and_o cossack_n and_o be_v overthrow_v yet_o he_o soon_o gather_v a_o numerous_a army_n to_o make_v head_n anew_o against_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v say_v to_o be_v 500000_o men._n on_o friday_n the_o 25_o of_o may_n die_v margaret_n duchess_n of_o mantua_n grandchild_n to_o king_n philip_n ii_o at_o miranda_n de_fw-fr ebro_n be_v on_o her_o way_n to_o italy_n after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o mantua_n her_o husband_n king_n philip_n the_o iv._o bring_v she_o to_o his_o court_n and_o have_v there_o noble_o entertain_v she_o make_v her_o governess_n of_o portugal_n and_o all_o the_o dominion_n depend_v on_o that_o crown_n which_o office_n she_o execute_v with_o great_a wisdom_n and_o general_a satisfaction_n till_o the_o revolt_n of_o that_o kingdom_n her_o body_n be_v deposit_v in_o the_o royal_a monastery_n of_o huelgas_n at_o burgos_n and_o her_o obsequy_n perform_v in_o the_o royal_a monastery_n of_o the_o discalced_a nun_n this_o year_n the_o portuguese_n commit_v a_o perfidious_a act_n of_o barbarity_n their_o governor_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o salvatierra_n for_o that_o town_n though_o it_o be_v in_o estermadura_n be_v then_o in_o their_o hand_n portuguese_n article_v to_o surrender_v that_o place_n to_o our_o force_n to_o this_o purpose_n the_o general_n repair_v thither_o from_o badajoz_n with_o 400_o horse_n and_o send_v before_o 25_o of_o his_o best_a man_n to_o take_v possession_n they_o be_v admit_v be_v make_v prisoner_n and_o their_o brain_n beat_v out_o with_o a_o iron_n bar._n the_o officer_n that_o command_v they_o be_v tear_v to_o piece_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o gun_n our_o force_n understand_v this_o treachery_n retire_v as_o also_o because_o they_o be_v inform_v that_o 8_o musquetier_n lay_v in_o every_o house_n of_o the_o street_n that_o lead_v to_o the_o castle_n anno_fw-la 1655._o

away_o to_o burgos_n and_o thence_o to_o orduna_n upon_o his_o come_v all_o be_v present_o quiet_a he_o make_v a_o truce_n between_o the_o two_o party_n till_o such_o time_n as_o they_o can_v be_v full_o reconcile_v and_o set_v all_o the_o prisoner_n free_a after_o this_o great_a levy_n be_v make_v throughout_o castille_n and_o the_o nobility_n be_v summon_v to_o the_o end_n to_o force_v king_n ferdinand_n and_o elizabeth_n his_o queen_n to_o depart_v the_o kingdom_n yet_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o master_n of_o santiago_n this_o design_n be_v lay_v aside_o toledo_n and_o sevil_n mutinied_a at_o the_o same_o time_n both_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o faction_n those_o sevil._n of_o toledo_n be_v the_o ayalas_n and_o silvas_n the_o earl_n of_o cifuentes_n be_v head_n of_o the_o silvas_n and_o he_o of_o fuensalida_n of_o the_o ayalas_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o these_o contention_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o bishop_n f._n peter_n de_fw-fr silua_n the_o earl_n of_o cifuentes_n marry_v ellenor_n daughter_n to_o he_o of_o fuensalida_n what_o be_v design_v to_o produce_v a_o peace_n prove_v the_o cause_n of_o great_a discord_n not_o only_o the_o earl_n of_o cifuentes_n but_o john_n de_fw-fr ribera_n his_o uncle_n be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n against_o the_o king_n will_v one_o of_o they_o come_v to_o be_v marry_v and_o the_o other_o to_o honour_v that_o solemnity_n the_o faction_n of_o the_o silvas_n have_v get_v their_o chief_n among_o they_o arm_v against_o their_o adversary_n with_o such_o fury_n that_o king_n henry_n be_v force_v to_o come_v thither_o in_o person_n and_o have_v appease_v the_o tumult_n deprive_v the_o earl_n of_o fuensalida_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n which_o he_o have_v hold_v many_o year_n and_o put_v garci_n lopez_n into_o that_o command_n with_o the_o title_n of_o deputy_n at_o sevil_n the_o marquis_n of_o cadiz_n be_v expel_v that_o city_n by_o the_o duke_n of_o medina_n sidonia_n hence_o ensue_v a_o formal_a war_n which_o be_v end_v by_o d._n ynigo_n lopez_n de_fw-fr mendoça_n earl_n of_o tendilla_n send_v thither_o to_o that_o purpose_n he_o use_v more_o art_n than_o force_n or_o severity_n medina_n sidonia_n be_v restore_v to_o its_o owner_n it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a loss_n for_o castille_n that_o pope_n paul_n ii_o die_v on_o the_o 25_o of_o choose_v july_n during_o his_o papacy_n he_o do_v much_o for_o the_o good_a and_o advantage_n of_o spain_n on_o the_o 9th_o of_o august_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o place_n the_o cardinal_n francis_n de_fw-fr ruvere_n of_o the_o order_n of_o friar_n minor_n he_o take_v the_o name_n of_o sixtus_n iu._n a_o man_n of_o no_o less_o merit_n than_o his_o predecessor_n and_o as_o well_o affect_v towards_o spain_n at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o body_n of_o moor_n break_v into_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o andaluzia_n and_o make_v great_a havoc_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o alcantara_n the_o booty_n they_o take_v be_v so_o great_a they_o can_v observe_v no_o order_n in_o march_v in_o revenge_n for_o this_o affront_n and_o to_o divert_v the_o enemy_n by_o the_o king_n order_n the_o marquis_n of_o cadiz_n with_o his_o force_n take_v the_o town_n of_o cardella_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o granada_n by_o force_n but_o he_o leave_v a_o weak_a garrison_n in_o the_o place_n it_o be_v soon_o recover_v by_o the_o moor_n this_o year_n be_v fortunate_a to_o portugal_n king_n alonso_z about_o the_o middle_n of_o august_n set_v sail_v from_o portugal_n lisbon_n with_o a_o fleet_n consist_v of_o 300_o sail_n between_o great_a and_o small_a resolve_v to_o renew_v the_o war_n in_o africa_n with_o he_o go_v prince_n john_n his_o son_n that_o he_o may_v learn_v his_o first_o military_a rudiment_n in_o that_o holy_a war_n and_o all_o the_o flower_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o soldiery_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o army_n consist_v of_o about_o 30000_o men._n at_o his_o first_o land_n he_o take_v from_o the_o moor_n the_o town_n of_o arzila_n in_o which_o above_o 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