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itself_o with_o a_o extraordinary_a bravery_n demetrius_n whilst_o these_o waste_a themselves_o in_o the_o siege_n of_o this_o place_n have_v full_a leisure_n give_v he_o to_o rally_v his_o scatter_a troop_n at_o ribscum_n and_o there_o to_o expect_v the_o return_n of_o the_o waywode_n and_o wisnowiski_n who_o be_v go_v to_o their_o respective_a country_n to_o raise_v fresh_a supply_n for_o this_o service_n be_v at_o last_o make_v sensible_a of_o their_o mistake_n they_o resolve_v to_o send_v part_n of_o their_o army_n to_o attack_v he_o under_o â—â—scum_n before_o he_o can_v be_v reinforce_v with_o such_o auxiliary_n as_o he_o expect_v to_o join_v his_o force_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o rest_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o siege_n of_o krom_n pursuant_n to_o this_o resolution_n they_o send_v fifty_o thousand_o of_o their_o best_a man_n to_o attack_v demetrius_n who_o with_o about_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o most_o horse_n the_o remnant_n of_o his_o army_n have_v strong_o entrench_v 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break_v their_o rank_n and_o bring_v the_o whole_a army_n into_o such_o a_o disorder_n that_o demetrius_n who_o by_o this_o time_n be_v advance_v with_o the_o remainder_n of_o his_o army_n soon_o put_v they_o to_o the_o rout_n and_o force_v they_o to_o leave_v their_o camp_n and_o artillery_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o victory_n the_o fame_n of_o so_o signal_n a_o defeat_n have_v be_v soon_o spread_v all_o over_o the_o neighbour_a province_n all_o the_o great_a city_n thereabouts_o declare_v for_o the_o conqueror_n the_o whole_a province_n of_o severia_n one_o of_o the_o large_a in_o all_o muscovy_n follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o rest_n and_o furnish_v his_o victorious_a army_n with_o all_o necessary_n which_o by_o this_o sudden_a change_n of_o fortune_n grow_v every_o day_n more_o numerous_a those_o who_o hitherto_o out_o of_o fear_n have_v be_v backward_o in_o declare_v themselves_o now_o strive_v to_o outdo_v one_o another_o in_o give_v the_o most_o evident_a demonstration_n of_o their_o zeal_n for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o victorius_n demetrius_n boris_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n though_o not_o a_o little_a startle_v at_o so_o sudden_a a_o accident_n yet_o do_v not_o lose_v courage_n but_o have_v rally_v his_o scatter_a troop_n and_o order_v new_a levy_n to_o be_v make_v he_o send_v his_o spy_n and_o emissary_n into_o the_o camp_n of_o demetrius_n to_o try_v whether_o by_o the_o hope_n of_o pardon_n and_o great_a reward_n they_o can_v bring_v over_o the_o revolt_a russian_n to_o their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o especial_o to_o entice_v the_o cosack_n from_o demetrius_n to_o his_o party_n or_o whether_o by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o they_o can_v not_o dispatch_v and_o send_v he_o to_o the_o other_o world_n but_o some_o of_o these_o emissary_n be_v discover_v and_o put_v to_o the_o torture_n make_v a_o ingenuous_a confession_n of_o the_o truth_n and_o be_v without_o any_o further_a punishment_n send_v back_o to_o boris_n with_o this_o errand_n that_o it_o be_v little_a become_v his_o present_a high_a station_n to_o make_v use_n of_o poison_n and_o dagger_n against_o his_o enemy_n and_o that_o he_o do_v not_o question_n but_o that_o before_o long_o he_o shall_v be_v ready_a to_o call_v he_o to_o a_o severe_a account_n for_o this_o as_o well_o as_o his_o other_o treacherous_a devise_n but_o that_o if_o he_o will_v give_v he_o real_a demonstration_n of_o his_o sincere_a repentance_n by_o surrender_v the_o crown_n to_o he_o who_o unquestionable_a right_n it_o be_v he_o will_v grant_v he_o and_o all_o his_o adherent_n a_o general_a amnesty_n for_o all_o past_a crime_n and_o misdemeanour_n but_o boris_n have_v reject_v these_o offer_n with_o scorn_n and_o yet_o see_v his_o adversary_n increase_v in_o strength_n every_o day_n he_o resolve_v to_o try_v the_o utmost_a and_o whether_o by_o one_o dextrous_a blow_n he_o can_v not_o overthrow_v he_o and_o his_o design_n he_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o main_a strength_n of_o his_o army_n consist_v in_o the_o auxiliary_n and_o supply_n he_o from_o time_n to_o time_n receive_v out_o of_o poland_n and_o that_o if_o he_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n deprive_v he_o of_o his_o foreign_a aid_n the_o rest_n will_v soon_o disperse_v or_o at_o least_o easy_o be_v reduce_v to_o obedience_n he_o wise_o consider_v that_o if_o a_o considerable_a diversion_n can_v be_v procure_v to_o the_o pole_n at_o home_n they_o will_v be_v oblige_v to_o recall_v their_o subject_n out_o of_o the_o service_n of_o demetrius_n who_o deprive_v of_o their_o assistance_n like_o a_o body_n of_o its_o best_a nourishment_n will_v soon_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o languish_a condition_n but_o the_o circumstance_n of_o his_o affair_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o attempt_v alone_o this_o intend_a diversion_n a_o treaty_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o swedish_n and_o danish_a ambassador_n then_o reside_v in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n to_o embroil_n sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n at_o his_o own_o door_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o these_o two_o crown_n but_o whilst_o they_o be_v busy_v in_o concert_v measure_n to_o put_v this_o in_o execution_n and_o boris_n apply_v his_o whole_a care_n in_o resettle_v his_o affair_n he_o be_v on_o a_o sudden_a seize_v with_o a_o most_o violent_a choâ—ck_n which_o immediate_o after_o be_v follow_v by_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o blood_n which_o issue_v out_o of_o his_o mouth_n ear_n and_o nostrâ—â—s_n he_o die_v in_o a_o instant_a some_o say_v for_o grief_n some_o of_o a_o apoplexy_n other_o of_o poison_n by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o demetrius_n however_o it_o be_v he_o expire_v on_o the_o 13_o of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1605_o in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o show_v so_o much_o mildness_n and_o moderation_n during_o the_o time_n of_o his_o government_n that_o he_o may_v well_o be_v place_v among_o the_o best_a of_o prince_n if_o he_o have_v not_o open_v his_o way_n to_o the_o throne_n of_o muscovy_n by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o lawful_a and_o natural_a prince_n the_o sudden_a death_n of_o boris_n goudenou_n goudenoâ—â—_n the_o sudden_a death_n of_o boris_n goudenoâ—â—_n happen_v at_o so_o critical_a a_o juncture_n when_o all_o his_o friend_n have_v conceive_v great_a hope_n of_o his_o intend_a diversion_n against_o the_o pole_n put_v they_o under_o a_o great_a consternation_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o army_n look_v upon_o this_o unexpected_a change_n as_o ominous_a to_o his_o family_n show_v a_o great_a inclination_n in_o favour_n of_o demetrius_n who_o power_n begin_v now_o to_o appear_v more_o formidable_a to_o they_o than_o before_o but_o the_o populacy_n who_o have_v as_o yet_o fresh_a in_o remembrance_n the_o benefit_n receive_v from_o boris_n goudenou_n especial_o during_o the_o great_a famine_n in_o the_o year_n 1601_o 1602_o and_o 1603_o declare_v for_o fedor_n his_o son_n and_o have_v force_v the_o boyar_n and_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n to_o do_v the_o same_o he_o be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n and_o his_o mother_n constitute_v regent_n during_o his_o minority_n fedor_n or_o theodore_n he_o his_o son_n fedor_n succeed_v he_o be_v thus_o mount_v on_o the_o throne_n under_o the_o tuition_n of_o his_o mother_n apply_v all_o his_o care_n to_o stop_v the_o progress_n of_o demetrius_n and_o have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o he_o intend_v sudden_o to_o march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o krom_n which_o be_v still_o besiege_v by_o the_o muscovite_n he_o declare_v bosman_n who_o have_v so_o valiant_o defend_v novogorod_n in_o his_o father_n time_n general_n over_o his_o army_n which_o afterward_o prove_v fatal_a to_o the_o whole_a borisian_a family_n for_o hodwen_n a_o near_a kinsman_n of_o boris_n goudenoâ—_n and_o general_n of_o his_o force_n during_o his_o reign_n have_v get_v timely_a notice_n of_o the_o resolution_n take_v at_o court_n
have_v soon_o conquer_a the_o great_a and_o lesser_n poland_n and_o mosovia_n with_o the_o city_n of_o cracovia_n march_v from_o thence_o into_o prussia_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v by_o most_o of_o the_o city_n except_o dantzick_n who_o stand_v firm_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o king_n casimir_n see_v his_o affair_n reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n he_o flee_v himself_o into_o silesia_n for_o refuge_n and_o aid_n from_o the_o emperor_n so_o that_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a stand_a militia_n of_o poland_n but_o also_o that_o part_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o conquer_a by_o the_o muscovite_n submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o swedish_n protection_n czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n not_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o encounter_n the_o swede_n flush_v with_o their_o late_a success_n and_o strengthen_v by_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o poland_n judge_v it_o more_o for_o his_o interest_n to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o opportunity_n whilst_o the_o swede_n be_v engage_v with_o the_o pole_n sweden_n his_o war_n with_o sweden_n to_o transfer_v his_o arm_n into_o livonia_n where_o he_o hope_v to_o make_v a_o considerable_a progress_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o their_o king_n charles_n gustavus_n before_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n pursuant_n to_o this_o resolution_n liuâ—nia_n enter_v liuâ—nia_n he_o enter_v livonia_n with_o a_o very_a puissant_a army_n and_o besiege_a torpat_v which_o after_o some_o resistance_n he_o take_v by_o composition_n have_v soon_o after_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o kokenhousen_n riga_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o riga_n and_o some_o other_o place_n of_o note_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o riga_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o lettie_n in_o livonia_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n dune_n which_o exonerate_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n but_o the_o swedish_n garrison_n defend_v the_o place_n with_o so_o much_o gallantry_n that_o the_o muscovite_n notwithstanding_o their_o reiterated_a attack_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n with_o very_o great_a loss_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n have_v recollect_v themselves_o after_o their_o first_o consternation_n have_v defeat_v and_o disperse_v the_o swede_n that_o be_v quarter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n have_v retake_v warsovia_n and_o the_o revolt_a lithuanian_n have_v surprise_v and_o kill_v all_o the_o swede_n that_o be_v in_o winter_n quarter_n with_o they_o and_o though_o charles_n gustavus_n the_o swedish_n king_n have_v be_v join_v before_o by_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n force_n do_v vanquish_v the_o pole_n in_o a_o memorable_a battle_n which_o last_v three_o day_n near_o warsovia_n yet_o be_v soon_o after_o oblige_v to_o march_v out_o of_o poland_n against_o the_o dane_n the_o pole_n retake_v cracovia_n and_o thorn_n from_o the_o swede_n and_o recover_v courland_n out_o of_o their_o hand_n at_o last_o both_o crown_n be_v tire_v with_o the_o war_n a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o in_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o the_o city_n of_o dantzick_n in_o the_o royal_a prussia_n so_o that_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n fear_v not_o without_o reason_n that_o after_o the_o peace_n be_v conclude_v betwixt_o both_o those_o potent_a kingdom_n they_o may_v turn_v their_o unite_a force_n against_o he_o propose_v to_o be_v include_v in_o the_o say_a treaty_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o oliva_n peacemale_n at_o oliva_n both_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pole_n resign_v their_o pretension_n upon_o livonia_n to_o the_o swede_n but_o the_o first_o be_v confirm_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o smolensko_n severia_n and_o kiovia_n which_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o pole_n as_o a_o equivalent_a of_o what_o they_o lose_v in_o livonia_n in_o lieu_n of_o which_o the_o swede_n restore_v to_o the_o pole_n all_o the_o place_n they_o be_v possess_v of_o in_o the_o royal_a prussia_n and_o the_o late_a resign_v the_o whole_a sovereignty_n over_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n this_o peace_n prove_v very_o advantageous_a to_o the_o muscovite_n who_o by_o the_o recovery_n of_o these_o frontier_n province_n secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o further_a attempt_n of_o a_o most_o potent_a neighbour_n the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o turk_n and_o crim_n tartar_n turk_n his_o war_n 〈◊〉_d â—he_n turk_n be_v occasion_v because_o some_o of_o the_o zaporogian_n cosacks_n have_v submit_v themselves_o under_o his_o protection_n as_o we_o mention_v before_o whereas_o some_o of_o they_o have_v seek_v for_o protection_n under_o the_o grand_a signior_n which_o occasion_v a_o war_n betwixt_o these_o two_o potent_a neighbour_n in_o which_o the_o muscovite_n get_v but_o little_a advantage_n for_o the_o crim_n tartar_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o muscovy_n and_o carry_v away_o above_o 400000_o soul_n into_o perpetual_a captivity_n there_o have_v some_o year_n before_o also_o be_v sweep_v away_o by_o the_o plague_n betwixt_o seven_o and_o eight_o hundred_o thousand_o people_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n have_v be_v lose_v in_o the_o war_n with_o the_o pole_n and_o swede_n so_o that_o betwixt_o the_o sword_n and_o plague_n it_o be_v compute_v that_o muscovy_n have_v in_o ten_o year_n time_n lose_v near_o a_o million_o and_o a_o half_a of_o people_n which_o so_o impoverish_v and_o depopulate_v the_o country_n that_o abundance_n of_o the_o best_a land_n lay_v untilled_a for_o want_v of_o hand_n and_o that_o in_o some_o of_o the_o southern_a part_n where_o the_o crim_n tartar_n have_v make_v their_o inroad_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o thing_n to_o be_v see_v but_o woman_n and_o child_n since_o which_o time_n however_o the_o russian_a empire_n have_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n recover_v its_o pristine_a prosperity_n in_o the_o year_n 1669_o rebellion_n a_o new_a rebellion_n muscovy_n be_v involve_v in_o another_o rebellion_n raise_v by_o one_o stephen_n ratzin_n he_o be_v a_o dunensian_a cosack_n by_o birth_n and_o have_v observe_v a_o certain_a disposition_n in_o the_o nagaian_n tartar_n inhabit_v the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o heavy_a oppression_n they_o groan_v under_o by_o the_o mismanagement_n and_o avarice_n of_o the_o muscovite_n governor_n in_o those_o part_n to_o shake_v off_o the_o russian_a yoke_n he_o gather_v a_o considerable_a party_n and_o be_v assist_v by_o a_o good_a number_n of_o his_o fellow_n cosack_v inhabit_v betwixt_o the_o don_a and_o the_o wolga_n he_o march_v at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o to_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n which_o after_o some_o small_a resistance_n be_v surrender_v into_o his_o hand_n from_o thence_o he_o march_v towards_o casan_n threaten_v not_o only_o that_o city_n but_o also_o the_o southern_a muscovy_n with_o a_o most_o dreadful_a invasion_n his_o army_n increase_v prodigious_o by_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o tartar_n that_o fâ—ocked_v in_o to_o his_o assistance_n but_o instead_o of_o improve_n this_o opportunity_n to_o his_o advantage_n he_o give_v himself_o to_o idleness_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o debauchery_n whereby_o the_o muscovite_n have_v get_v leisure_n to_o draw_v together_o their_o force_n to_o stop_v the_o current_n of_o his_o victory_n they_o be_v so_o expeditious_a as_o to_o arrive_v near_o casan_n before_o ratzin_n can_v lay_v siege_n to_o the_o place_n and_o have_v thus_o cut_v off_o all_o communication_n with_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o from_o whence_o astrachan_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n be_v supply_v with_o corn_n the_o rebellious_a army_n be_v soon_o reduce_v to_o great_a strait_n for_o want_n of_o provision_n so_o that_o the_o tartar_n be_v apprehensive_a of_o their_o approach_a danger_n leave_v their_o leader_n for_o the_o most_o part_n notwithstanding_o which_v the_o cosack_n stand_v it_o out_o brave_o resolve_v to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n against_o the_o muscovite_n for_o which_o purpose_n they_o have_v entrench_v themselves_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o astrachan_n the_o muscovite_n see_v the_o desperate_a resolution_n of_o the_o cosack_n think_v it_o most_o advisable_a to_o reduce_v they_o if_o possible_a to_o obedience_n rather_o by_o fair_a mean_n and_o a_o promise_n of_o pardon_n for_o what_o be_v past_a than_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n this_o have_v the_o desire_a effect_n for_o ratzin_n find_v his_o cosack_n waver_v upon_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n in_o the_o czar_n court_n who_o give_v he_o great_a hope_n of_o his_o pardon_n surrender_v himself_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n in_o the_o next_o follow_v year_n his_o party_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o their_o head_n ready_o embrace_v the_o czar_n offer_n but_o ratzin_n himself_o not_o long_o after_o find_v himself_o extreme_o mistake_v in_o his_o hope_n for_o he_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o great_a marketplace_n before_o the_o castle_n behead_v ratzin_n behead_v where_o he_o have_v
many_o obstacle_n to_o be_v surmount_v in_o a_o undertake_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o i_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o the_o want_n of_o learning_n and_o the_o natural_a propensity_n of_o the_o muscovite_n in_o general_a to_o jealousy_n and_o secrecy_n will_v render_v it_o at_o least_o very_o difficult_a if_o not_o quite_o impractieable_a to_o give_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o empire_n compose_v out_o of_o several_a nation_n distinguish_v in_o their_o language_n religion_n and_o manner_n of_o live_v these_o consideration_n be_v so_o prevail_v with_o i_o as_o to_o check_v my_o first_o inclination_n in_o hope_n that_o some_o body_n or_o another_o will_v lay_v hold_n on_o so_o favourable_a a_o opportunity_n of_o give_v a_o true_a description_n of_o a_o country_n which_o have_v be_v but_o superficial_o know_v hitherto_o in_o england_n but_o perceive_v that_o no_o body_n will_v venture_v to_o engage_v himself_o in_o the_o design_n i_o take_v a_o resolution_n to_o undertake_v the_o task_n though_o never_o so_o difficult_a rather_o than_o to_o let_v slip_v so_o seasonable_a a_o opportunity_n as_o offer_v itself_o by_o the_o arrival_n of_o his_o present_a czarrish_a majesty_n in_o england_n of_o give_v the_o public_a the_o best_a account_n i_o can_v of_o the_o russian_a empire_n the_o vastness_n of_o its_o territory_n a_o great_a many_o whereof_o be_v quite_o unfrequented_a by_o stranger_n do_v put_v i_o under_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o have_v recourse_n to_o those_o of_o several_a nation_n in_o europe_n that_o have_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o travel_v in_o muscovy_n for_o as_o i_o be_v full_o resolve_v to_o insert_v nothing_o in_o this_o treatise_n but_o what_o i_o have_v receive_v upon_o the_o credlt_n of_o those_o that_o have_v be_v eye-witness_n of_o their_o own_o relation_n so_o i_o be_v oblige_v to_o consult_v the_o travel_n and_o most_o especial_o the_o embassy_n of_o the_o english_a german_n french_a dutch_a and_o other_o nation_n into_o those_o part_n and_o for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o be_v obvious_a that_o scarce_o ever_o any_o one_o foreigner_n do_v visit_v one_o half_a of_o this_o spacious_a empire_n i_o be_v put_v under_o a_o indispensable_a necessity_n of_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o one_o with_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o who_o have_v according_a to_o their_o several_a occasion_n take_v different_a road_n in_o their_o travel_n through_o muscovy_n but_o here_o it_o be_v i_o find_v myself_o engage_v in_o â—hese_n difficulty_n which_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v surmount_v for_o in_o compare_v the_o several_a relation_n of_o different_a person_n and_o nation_n 〈◊〉_d find_v it_o a_o very_a difficult_a task_n to_o reconcile_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o various_a description_n of_o place_n especial_o in_o what_o relate_v to_o their_o situation_n and_o distance_n occasion_v doubtless_o by_o the_o most_o stupid_a ignorance_n and_o jealousy_n of_o those_o muscovite_n from_o who_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o intelligence_n the_o history_n of_o muscovy_n itself_o even_o that_o of_o the_o last_o age_n be_v entangle_v in_o such_o perplexity_n in_o point_n of_o chronology_n that_o some_o of_o the_o best_a historian_n of_o our_o age_n who_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o name_n have_v be_v surprise_v into_o some_o mistake_v of_o this_o nature_n for_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o muscovite_n as_o well_o as_o their_o religion_n and_o policy_n be_v very_o different_a from_o most_o other_o nation_n in_o europe_n and_o either_o not_o at_o all_o or_o at_o least_o but_o superficial_o know_v in_o these_o part_n so_o the_o ensue_a relation_n may_v in_o all_o probability_n serve_v not_o only_o to_o instruct_v but_o also_o to_o divert_v the_o curious_a reader_n i_o must_v confess_v the_o present_a muscovian_a empire_n may_v well_o have_v deserve_v a_o treatise_n suitable_a in_o bulk_n to_o its_o vast_a extent_n but_o the_o eagerness_n which_o most_o of_o my_o friend_n show_v in_o the_o publish_v of_o it_o at_o this_o season_n oblige_v i_o tâ—_n contract_v it_o into_o as_o narrow_a a_o compass_n as_o the_o matter_n will_v allow_v of_o which_o as_o it_o haâ—_n be_v do_v with_o all_o the_o brevity_n imaginable_a so_o i_o have_v be_v very_o careful_a in_o not_o pass_v bâ—_n any_o thing_n of_o moment_n which_o i_o believe_v may_v be_v material_a and_o tend_v to_o the_o satisfaction_n oâ—_n the_o reader_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n also_o 〈◊〉_d think_v it_o most_o expedient_a to_o divide_v the_o whole_a into_o two_o distinct_a volume_n the_o first_o of_o which_o contain_v a_o description_n of_o those_o several_a nation_n and_o vast_a territory_n under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o present_a grand_fw-fr czar_n of_o muscovy_n together_o with_o their_o law_n custom_n manner_n of_o live_v religion_n and_o policy_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n and_o its_o increase_n till_o the_o death_n of_o that_o famous_a tyrant_n john_n basilovit_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o last_o age._n but_o the_o various_a and_o most_o surprise_v revolution_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o this_o grand_a tyrant_n happen_v in_o the_o muscovian_a empire_n either_o in_o consideration_n of_o their_o various_a vicissitude_n or_o the_o strangeness_n of_o their_o event_n surpass_v not_o only_a what_o former_a age_n have_v deliver_v of_o this_o kind_n but_o hardly_o to_o be_v parallel_v by_o posterity_n i_o reserve_v the_o full_a and_o exact_a relation_n of_o they_o to_o the_o second_o volume_n with_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o muscovite_n history_n and_o the_o whole_a state_n of_o affair_n from_o the_o year_n 1613_o when_o the_o family_n of_o the_o present_a czar_n first_o ascend_v the_o throne_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o his_o czarrish_a majesty_n in_o this_o kingdom_n errata_fw-la page_n 7._o line_n 24._o for_o 50000._o read_v 60000._o p._n 29._o l._n 6._o f._n great_a r._n some_o p._n 45._o l._n 20._o f._n be_v r._n be_v p._n 49._o l._n 2._o f._n two_o r._n no._n p._n 55._o l._n 15._o f._n pice_n r._n piece_n p._n 61._o l._n 13._o f._n find_v r._n force_v p._n 6â—_n l._n 14._o f._n have_v r._n be_v p._n 65._o l._n 13._o f._n imposter_n r._n imposture_n l._n 23._o f._n impostor_n r._n imposture_n p._n 81._o l._n 19_o f._n often_o r._n use_v of_o 〈◊〉_d p._n 83._o l._n ult_n f._n as_o r._n which_o p._n 92._o l._n 2._o f._n before_o r._n but._n p._n 100_o l._n 34._o f._n some_o other_o of_o their_o custom_n r._n some_o of_o their_o other_o custom_n p._n 101._o l._n 28._o f._n nest_n r._n sty_n p._n 108._o l._n ult_n f._n what_o r._n which_o p._n 110._o l._n 31._o f._n ox_n r._n or_o p._n 329._o l._n 36._o f._n again_o r._n against_o moscovy_n or_o russia_n etc._n etc._n a_o account_n of_o the_o ancient_n and_o present_a state_n of_o muscovy_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a czar_n of_o muscovy_n mvscovy_n be_v former_o the_o name_n proper_o belong_v to_o one_o province_n only_o of_o the_o russian_a empire_n of_o which_o musco_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n but_o as_o it_o be_v observable_a in_o france_n that_o the_o province_n of_o that_o name_n have_v communicate_v its_o name_n and_o include_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o 〈◊〉_d french_a king_n dominion_n so_o muscovy_n compreâ—â—â—ds_v now_o adays_o all_o those_o vast_a province_n under_o the_o grand_a czar_n obedience_n this_o vast_a country_n a_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_n sarmatia_n europaa_n be_v heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o roxolania_n russia_n or_o white_a russia_n from_o whence_o the_o name_n of_o russian_n give_v to_o the_o muscovite_n have_v its_o derivation_n it_o be_v without_o question_n the_o great_a empire_n of_o all_o europe_n its_o length_n be_v near_o six_o hundred_o and_o its_o breadth_n above_o three_o hundred_o league_n empire_n the_o extent_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n northward_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o the_o freeze_a sea_n beyond_o the_o arctic_a circle_n on_o the_o east_n it_o have_v the_o river_n oby_n on_o the_o south_n the_o crim_n and_o precopian_a tartar_n and_o towards_o the_o west_n it_o border_n upon_o poland_n livonia_n and_o sweden_n its_o whole_a extent_n be_v from_o the_o 46_o to_o 66_o degree_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o the_o 55_o to_o the_o 80th_o degree_n of_o longitude_n consider_v the_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o several_a province_n which_o compose_v this_o great_a empire_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v imagine_v that_o of_o necessity_n there_o must_v be_v a_o great_a difference_n as_o to_o the_o length_n of_o day_n heat_v and_o cold_a and_o no_o small_a variety_n of_o season_n soil_v and_o fruit_n according_a to_o their_o several_a climate_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o hereafter_o when_o each_o of_o they_o will_v be_v treat_v of_o in_o particular_a nevertheless_o it_o be_v
the_o residence_n both_o of_o the_o weywode_n and_o the_o metropolitan_a who_o have_v the_o management_n of_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n over_o this_o province_n over_o against_o this_o castle_n on_o the_o same_o side_n of_o the_o river_n with_o the_o city_n be_v a_o monastery_n dedicate_v to_o st._n anthony_n the_o muscovite_n relate_v most_o surprise_a miracle_n of_o this_o saint_n among_o the_o rest_n they_o show_v a_o great_a millstone_n lie_v against_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o convent_n upon_o which_o they_o say_v st._n anthony_n perform_v his_o voyage_n from_o rome_n to_o novogorod_n viz._n by_o go_v down_o the_o tiber_n this_o stone_n ship_n have_v carry_v he_o if_o any_o body_n will_v believe_v it_o over_o the_o sea_n from_o the_o mediterranean_a to_o the_o baltic_a where_o he_o go_v up_o the_o volgda_n and_o at_o last_o take_v up_o his_o 〈…〉_o nouâ—gorod_n there_o be_v another_o monastery_n 〈…〉_o place_v call_v perumiki_n monastir_n what_o they_o 〈◊〉_d of_o it_o as_o it_o appeaâ—â—_n more_o câ—eâ—ible_a so_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v pass_v by_o 〈…〉_o it_o be_v relate_v that_o before_o novogorod_n and_o the_o adâ—â—â—ent_a place_n be_v convert_v to_o the_o christian_a 〈◊〉_d these_o pagan_n use_v to_o sacrifice_n to_o a_o certain_a idol_n call_v perun_n or_o the_o god_n of_o fire_n perun_n signify_v in_o the_o muscovian_a language_n as_o much_o as_o fire_n this_o idol_n be_v represent_v with_o a_o thunderbolt_a in_o his_o hand_n near_o which_o be_v keep_v a_o constant_a fire_n of_o oak_n which_o be_v never_o to_o go_v out_o at_o the_o peril_n of_o their_o life_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o it_o after_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v embrace_v christianity_n the_o idol_n be_v throw_v into_o the_o river_n its_o temple_n raze_v and_o this_o convent_n build_v on_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o idol_n stand_v before_o there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o province_n the_o city_n of_o ladoga_n situate_v on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o lake_n ladoga_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n which_o be_v thereabouts_o near_o threescore_o mile_n broad_a and_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o it_o at_o about_o 80_o miles_n distance_n the_o city_n of_o laba_n the_o utmost_a frontier-town_n of_o the_o muscovite_n on_o that_o side_n about_o seven_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o ladoga_n in_o the_o river_n wolgda_n there_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a cataract_n or_o fall_n of_o water_n among_o 〈◊〉_d rock_n and_o at_o six_o mile_n thence_o another_o not_o far_o from_o the_o monastery_n call_v nicolai_n nepostitz_n where_o the_o water_n run_v with_o such_o violence_n that_o a_o hundred_o man_n scarce_o be_v able_a to_o draw_v a_o load_a boat_n up_o the_o river_n and_o often_o be_v cast_v away_o in_o either_o of_o these_o two_o place_n next_o to_o the_o province_n of_o novogorod_n something_o more_o northward_o osera_fw-fr bela_n osera_fw-fr be_v the_o duchy_n of_o bela_n osera_n a_o province_n so_o full_a of_o wood_n rivers_n and_o fen_n that_o it_o be_v scarce_o accessible_a except_o in_o winter_n when_o the_o river_n and_o fen_n be_v freeze_v it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o province_n beside_o which_o it_o have_v the_o city_n of_o stara_n russo_n glebowa_n and_o grodsesko_n the_o province_n of_o kargapol_n kargapol_n kargapol_n border_v upon_o this_o to_o the_o north-west_n have_v nothing_o remarkable_a but_o its_o capital_a city_n which_o have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o province_n to_o the_o south-west_n of_o it_o be_v the_o dukedom_n of_o smolensko_n smolensko_n smolensko_n it_o border_n on_o the_o south_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o severia_n to_o the_o east_n upon_o muscovy_n proper_o so_o call_v on_o the_o west_n be_v lithuania_n and_o to_o the_o north_n the_o province_n of_o novogorod_n veliki_n and_o livonia_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v likewise_o call_v smolensko_n have_v communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o province_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n boristhenes_n the_o river_n boristhenes_n or_o niâ—per_n this_o river_n rise_v in_o the_o province_n of_o rosâ—hovie_n near_o a_o village_n call_v dmiepersko_n about_o fifty_o league_n from_o the_o lake_n of_o fronowe_n the_o first_o source_n of_o the_o river_n volga_n and_o after_o it_o have_v take_v its_o course_n southward_o it_o turn_v near_o wiesma_n towards_o the_o east_n by_o the_o city_n of_o prohobus_fw-la smolensko_fw-mi orsha_n dubrowna_n and_o mohilow_n from_o whence_o it_o return_v again_o to_o the_o south_n and_o pass_v by_o kioviâ—_n near_o the_o cyrcass_n quite_o different_a from_o the_o circassian_n tartar_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o otzakow_n belong_v to_o the_o precopian_a tartar_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o euxine_a sea_n at_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o this_o river_n be_v a_o well-fortified_n citadel_n with_o a_o very_a good_a ditch_n and_o a_o noble_a counterscarp_n well_o pallisadoe_v belong_v to_o the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n but_o the_o city_n itself_o have_v but_o a_o single_a wall_n without_o a_o ditch_n the_o muscovite_n take_v it_o from_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o year_n 1514._o but_o be_v recover_v near_o a_o â—undred_o year_n after_o by_o the_o pole_n under_o their_o king_n sigismond_n in_o the_o year_n 1633._o the_o great_a duke_n michael_n federovit_n besiege_v â—t_a with_o a_o army_n of_o above_o 100000_o man_n smolensko_fw-mi siâ—e_v of_o smolensko_fw-mi among_o who_o be_v several_a thousand_o german_n beside_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o muscovite_n discipline_v after_o the_o german_a way_n and_o command_v by_o german_a english_a scot_n and_o french_a officer_n with_o a_o vast_a train_n of_o artillery_n consist_v of_o 300_o cannon_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n requisite_a to_o carry_v on_o the_o siege_n with_o the_o utmost_a vigour_n under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o polander_n call_v herman_n slein_n who_o have_v be_v rebaptise_v in_o muscovy_n and_o by_o his_o treachery_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v lose_v the_o whole_a army_n for_o the_o german_n have_v soon_o make_v a_o breach_n in_o the_o wall_n be_v for_o give_v a_o assault_n which_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o general_n they_o be_v second_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o foreign_a officer_n whereupon_o have_v mount_v the_o breach_n they_o be_v very_o near_a master_n of_o it_o when_o the_o general_n turn_v his_o cannon_n against_o they_o force_v they_o to_o retreat_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v not_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o czarish_a majesty_n that_o a_o handful_n of_o foreigner_n shall_v carry_v away_o the_o glory_n of_o the_o siege_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v gather_v a_o body_n of_o five_o or_o six_o thousand_o pole_n post_v his_o force_n on_o several_a avenue_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o muscovian_a camp_n by_o which_o they_o must_v of_o necessity_n receive_v their_o provision_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n make_v by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o without_o much_o difficulty_n may_v have_v prevent_v the_o pole_n so_o that_o have_v sufficient_a leisure_n give_v they_o to_o fortify_v themselves_o the_o muscovian_a army_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n for_o want_v of_o provision_n that_o their_o general_n who_o never_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v to_o force_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o their_o post_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o shameful_a capitulation_n for_o himself_o and_o the_o whole_a army_n with_o all_o the_o artillery_n and_o baggage_n to_o surrender_v at_o discretion_n and_o to_o leave_v sufficient_a hostage_n for_o the_o ransom_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o soldier_n which_o be_v according_o pay_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n the_o general_n rely_v upon_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o archbishop_n and_o some_o other_o great_a man_n at_o court_n who_o be_v suspect_v to_o have_v have_v a_o hand_n in_o this_o treachery_n return_v to_o musco_n not_o without_o hope_n of_o be_v protect_v against_o what_o the_o officer_n may_v lay_v to_o his_o charge_n but_o both_o the_o people_n and_o soldier_n be_v so_o incense_v against_o he_o that_o every_o thing_n seem_v to_o tend_v to_o a_o general_a insurrection_n his_o head_n be_v in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v cut_v off_o in_o the_o marketplace_n before_o the_o castle_n where_o also_o his_o son_n who_o have_v a_o considerable_a command_n under_o his_o father_n in_o the_o siege_n be_v strip_v stark_o naked_a and_o whip_v to_o death_n and_o the_o near_a of_o his_o relation_n banish_v into_o siberia_n notwithstanding_o this_o disgrace_n the_o successor_n of_o michael_n federovitz_n czar_n alexis_n michaelovitz_n take_v it_o from_o the_o pole_n by_o composition_n in_o the_o year_n 1654._o since_o which_o time_n the_o muscovite_n remain_v in_o possession_n of_o it_o beside_o the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n it_o have_v the_o city_n of_o prohobus_fw-la situate_v upon_o the_o nieper_n wâ—sma_n seat_v upon_o a_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n mosaysko_n and_o niewieltz_n
at_o forty_o mile_n distance_n from_o hence_o wolga_n the_o 〈◊〉_d branch_n oâ—_n the_o wolga_n the_o river_n wolga_n cast_v out_o its_o second_o branch_n on_o the_o left_a side_n call_v achtobenisna_n vtsga_n which_o afterward_o join_v with_o the_o branch_n call_v achtobska_n which_o we_o mention_v before_o from_o this_o place_n down_o on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n as_o far_o as_o astrachan_n there_o grow_v a_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o liquorice_n of_o a_o very_a large_a size_n liquorice_n liquorice_n its_o stalk_n be_v as_o thick_a as_o a_o lusty_a man_n arm_n and_o sometime_o above_o four_o foot_n high_a the_o seed_n lie_v in_o cod_n upon_o the_o stalk_n yet_o be_v this_o inferior_a both_o in_o bigness_n and_o sweetness_n to_o that_o which_o grow_v in_o asia_n near_o the_o river_n of_o araxes_n twenty_o mile_n low_a be_v the_o city_n of_o szornogar_n seat_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n upon_o a_o high_a shoar_n near_o a_o vast_a plain_n without_o any_o tree_n or_o eminency_n its_o form_n be_v foursquare_a fortify_v with_o wooden_a tower_n and_o rampart_n it_o serve_v for_o a_o frontier-garison_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o cosacks_n about_o 120_o mile_n hence_o be_v the_o mountainâ—_n oâ—_n polowon_a so_o call_v because_o half_a way_n betwixt_o zariza_n beforementioned_a and_o astrachan_n not_o many_o mile_n low_a be_v a_o three_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n volga_n three_o and_o four_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n call_v buchwâ—stova_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o two_o precedent_n and_o twenty_o mile_n from_o thence_o the_o river_n wolga_n make_v a_o four_o branch_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o it_o call_v danitoska_n vtsga_n which_o do_v not_o mingle_v with_o any_o of_o the_o other_o three_o but_o disembogue_n by_o a_o particular_a channel_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n near_o 60_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o astrachan_n wolga_n the_o five_o branch_n of_o the_o wolga_n be_v the_o five_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n call_v mituska_n which_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o main_a river_n be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o less_o branch_n the_o one_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o danilofska_n vtsga_n just_o now_o mention_v the_o other_o after_o have_v continue_v its_o course_n for_o some_o mile_n fall_v again_o into_o the_o main_a river_n five_o and_o twenty_o mile_n on_o this_o side_n of_o astrachan_n be_v the_o isle_n of_o busan_n volga_n the_o six_o and_o seven_o branch_n of_o the_o volga_n ten_o mile_n below_o which_o be_v the_o six_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n wolga_n call_v baltzick_n as_o be_v three_o mile_n low_a the_o seven_o call_v knilusse_n which_o make_v the_o isle_n of_o dilgoi_n within_o which_o the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v seat_v and_o after_o have_v encompass_v this_o island_n it_o fall_v by_o several_a channel_n into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o utmost_a border_n betwixt_o europe_n and_o asia_n astrachan_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n in_o this_o place_n divide_v by_o the_o river_n volga_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o river_n side_n in_o the_o isle_n of_o dilgoi_n make_v there_o by_o the_o two_o branch_n of_o the_o river_n as_o have_v be_v say_v before_o under_o the_o elevation_n of_o 26_o deg_fw-la 22_o min._n it_o be_v of_o a_o considerable_a bigness_n and_o now_o all_o inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n be_v tartar_n who_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o live_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v 8000_o geometrical_a foot_n about_o but_o in_o the_o adjacent_a suburb_n which_o be_v fence_v in_o only_a with_o pallisadoe_n the_o fortification_n be_v all_o very_a high_a and_o of_o stone_n which_o at_o a_o distance_n make_v a_o very_a gallant_a appearance_n especial_o towards_o the_o riverside_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o turret_n and_o steeple_n of_o stone_n but_o the_o house_n within_o the_o city_n be_v all_o build_v of_o wood_n and_o very_o low_a its_o inside_n do_v not_o appear_v answerable_a to_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v account_v to_o be_v a_o great_a artillery_n in_o this_o place_n of_o 500_o brass_n cannon_n and_o mortar_n proportionable_a the_o garrison_n in_o time_n of_o peace_n common_o amount_v to_o 5000_o man_n under_o the_o command_n of_o two_o weywode_n and_o other_o officer_n this_o city_n be_v seat_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o the_o two_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a commerce_n it_o be_v beside_o the_o muscovite_n frequent_v not_o only_o by_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n but_o also_o by_o the_o persian_n armenian_n and_o indian_n the_o last_o of_o which_o have_v a_o particular_a place_n assign_v they_o within_o the_o city_n it_o be_v take_v by_o assault_n in_o the_o year_n 1554._o by_o the_o great_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n who_o have_v two_o year_n before_o conquer_v the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n turn_v his_o arm_n against_o those_o of_o nagaja_n then_o inhabit_v this_o city_n and_o the_o country_n round_o about_o it_o have_v secure_v his_o conquest_n over_o they_o by_o take_v their_o capital_a city_n he_o surround_v it_o with_o a_o strong_a wall_n and_o the_o czar_n michael_n federovit_n add_v to_o it_o beside_o some_o new_a fortification_n that_o part_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v call_v strâ—litzagorod_n or_o the_o city_n of_o soldier_n they_o have_v their_o quarter_n assign_v they_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o city_n but_o before_o we_o leave_v this_o kingdom_n it_o will_v not_o be_v beyond_o our_o purpose_n to_o give_v a_o short_a description_n both_o of_o the_o country_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n it_o be_v past_o all_o question_n that_o the_o tartar_n be_v unknown_a to_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n 〈…〉_o the_o â—_z of_o 〈…〉_o which_o be_v by_o they_o comprehend_v under_o the_o general_a name_n of_o scythian_n and_o sarmatian_n though_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o tartar_n consist_v of_o several_a nation_n distinguish_v in_o their_o name_n language_n and_o manner_n of_o life_n those_o of_o nagaja_n with_o the_o tartar_n of_o casan_n before_o mention_v and_o some_o other_o betwixt_o the_o river_n wolga_n and_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v indian_n who_o have_v revolt_v from_o their_o 〈◊〉_d do_v about_o the_o year_n 1212._o settle_v themselves_o near_o the_o euxine_a sea_n upon_o the_o palus_n meotides_n the_o place_n of_o habitation_n of_o the_o ancient_n getae_n from_o whence_o they_o extend_v their_o conquest_n first_o to_o the_o river_n don_n and_o from_o thence_o at_o last_o to_o the_o wolga_n near_o which_o they_o inhabit_v to_o this_o day_n those_o of_o nagaja_n of_o who_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v at_o present_a be_v seat_v betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o wolga_n and_o jaika_n as_o far_o as_o the_o caspian_a sea_n the_o city_n of_o astrachan_n be_v their_o principal_a city_n build_v as_o they_o say_v by_o a_o tartar_n king_n who_o name_n be_v astra-chan_n give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o astrachan_n before_o this_o country_n be_v conquer_v by_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v inhabit_v altogether_o by_o tartar_n but_o now_o the_o latter_a be_v not_o permit_v to_o abide_v in_o the_o capital_a city_n or_o to_o build_v any_o new_a one_o nor_o to_o fortify_v their_o town_n or_o village_n with_o wall_n they_o live_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o hut_n make_v of_o bulrush_n or_o cane_n live_v their_o manner_n of_o live_v which_o be_v common_o round_a seldom_o exceed_v twelve_o or_o thirteen_o english_a yard_n in_o compass_n on_o the_o top_n of_o which_o they_o have_v hole_n most_o like_a our_o chicken-coops_a serve_v they_o instead_o of_o chimney_n nevertheless_o the_o least_o of_o these_o hut_n have_v a_o falcon_n or_o hawk_n the_o tartar_n be_v great_a master_n in_o this_o sport_n the_o muscovite_n call_v these_o nagajan_n tartar_n polutski_n or_o vagabond_n as_o have_v no_o fix_v habitation_n in_o the_o summer_n when_o they_o ramble_v up_o and_o down_o according_a as_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o best_a conveniency_n for_o their_o cattle_n which_o beginning_n to_o fail_v in_o one_o place_n their_o hut_n be_v put_v into_o cart_n and_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o good_n upon_o camel_n horse_n or_o ox_n and_o so_o remove_v to_o another_o towards_o the_o winter_n they_o begin_v to_o reassemble_v and_o to_o live_v in_o several_a troop_n near_o astrachan_n where_o be_v furnish_v with_o arm_n by_o the_o muscovite_n which_o however_o after_o the_o frosty_a season_n be_v past_a they_o be_v oblige_v to_o redeliver_v not_o be_v otherwise_o permit_v to_o have_v any_o arm_n either_o defensive_a or_o offensive_a they_o stand_v upon_o their_o mutual_a defence_n against_o the_o malmuck_n tartar_n and_o those_o inhabit_v upon_o the_o river_n jaika_fw-mi they_o pay_v no_o tribute_n to_o the_o grand_a czar_n but_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v he_o
tzumtzume_v i_o declare_v myself_o for_o that_o religion_n but_o desire_v that_o i_o may_v die_v immediate_o be_v unwilling_a to_o live_v now_o without_o subject_n in_o a_o place_n where_o i_o be_v so_o powerful_a before_o essi_n have_v grant_v his_o request_n he_o die_v instant_o and_o his_o sepulchre_n remain_v here_o to_o be_v see_v to_o this_o day_n under_o a_o tree_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n next_o adjoin_v to_o which_o be_v a_o scaffold_n erect_v of_o ten_o foot_n high_a and_o sixteen_o square_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v some_o thousand_o of_o tomb_n cover_v with_o stone_n half_a round_n cylinder-wise_a but_o exceed_v the_o ordinary_a stature_n of_o man_n have_v all_o of_o they_o arabic_a inscription_n it_o be_v report_v that_o in_o former_a age_n yet_o since_o the_o time_n of_o mahomet_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a king_n in_o media_n name_v kassan_n who_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o tartar_n of_o dagesthan_n receive_v there_o a_o signal_n overthrow_n and_o cause_v the_o body_n of_o the_o officer_n kill_v in_o this_o battle_n to_o be_v bury_v in_o these_o tomb_n the_o relation_n seem_v to_o be_v not_o altogether_o fictitious_a there_o be_v near_o the_o seaside_n at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o rest_n forty_o other_o exceed_v the_o beforementioned_a tomb_n in_o bigness_n and_o encompass_v with_o a_o wall_n which_o have_v each_o its_o banner_n be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o sepulcher_n of_o so_o many_o lord_n of_o the_o first_o rank_n and_o other_o holy_a man_n that_o come_v along_o with_o they_o where_o the_o persian_n and_o tartar_n of_o both_o sex_n come_v to_o pay_v their_o devotion_n by_o kiss_v these_o sepulcher_n and_o lay_v their_o hand_n upon_o they_o while_o they_o be_v at_o prayer_n but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o the_o tartarian_n under_o the_o grand_a czar_n obedience_n and_o among_o they_o to_o say_v something_o of_o the_o province_n of_o siberia_n this_o province_n which_o lie_v quite_o northward_o from_o muscovy_n siberia_n siberia_n betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o obdora_n and_o jugoria_n border_v towards_o the_o north_n upon_o the_o samojede_n be_v of_o a_o great_a extent_n but_o not_o very_o populous_a be_v inhabit_v by_o tartar_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v also_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o archbishop_n be_v tobol_n build_v upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n near_o a_o small_a river_n and_o except_o some_o muscovite_n inhabit_v by_o tartar_n on_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o calmuck_n tartar_n be_v the_o city_n of_o daour_n and_o far_o beyond_o tobol_n be_v chnesortski_n the_o chief_a place_n of_o commerce_n in_o the_o whole_a province_n for_o sables_n and_o other_o sort_n of_o sir_n the_o product_n of_o this_o country_n the_o native_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o wretched_a sort_n of_o people_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o have_v in_o some_o part_n good_a corn_n field_n and_o great_a store_n of_o fish_n but_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o precious_a commodity_n of_o this_o country_n beside_o other_o fur_n be_v the_o skin_n of_o sable_n these_o animal_n they_o catch_v either_o with_o trap_n not_o unlike_a to_o those_o we_o catch_v our_o rat_n with_o or_o by_o spread_v of_o net_n under_o the_o tree_n where_o they_o feed_v which_o be_v cut_v down_o they_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o net_n in_o the_o winter_n they_o have_v also_o a_o way_n of_o hunt_v they_o with_o dog_n they_o be_v former_o pagan_n be_v govern_v by_o their_o own_o czar_n or_o king_n till_o near_o 150_o year_n ago_o they_o be_v subdue_v by_o czar_n jobn_n basilovit_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n a_o certain_a famous_a pirate_n among_o the_o cosack_n live_v near_o the_o river_n wolga_n who_o name_n be_v jormack_n timorhof_n have_v take_v a_o ship_n load_v with_o ammunition_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o czar_n be_v for_o fear_v of_o be_v pursue_v and_o discover_v flee_v for_o shelter_n into_o a_o certain_a island_n near_o the_o river_n kama_n which_o come_v from_o permia_n one_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n of_o muscovy_n fall_v below_o casan_n into_o the_o river_n wolga_n this_o island_n belong_v then_o to_o a_o certain_a muscovian_a merchant_n he_o propose_v to_o he_o no_o less_o than_o the_o conquest_n of_o some_o of_o those_o tartarian_a country_n lie_v more_o towards_o the_o north_n and_o be_v furnish_v by_o he_o with_o arm_n ammunition_n and_o other_o necessary_n he_o with_o about_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o of_o his_o follower_n go_v up_o the_o river_n tagit_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o river_n tura_fw-la where_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o a_o small_a island_n call_v japouchin_n he_o march_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o city_n of_o tumen_n which_o he_o also_o take_v without_o much_o opposition_n be_v flush_v with_o this_o success_n he_o direct_v his_o march_n straight_o way_n to_o tobol_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n and_o then_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o siberian_a king_n where_o have_v also_o meet_v with_o very_o little_a resistance_n he_o soon_o become_v master_n of_o the_o place_n but_o be_v not_o content_v with_o thiâ—_n extraordinary_a success_n and_o propose_v to_o himself_o no_o less_o than_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n he_o lose_v soon_o after_o both_o his_o life_n and_o conquest_n for_o have_v pursue_v the_o fly_a enemy_n a_o great_a way_n beyond_o the_o city_n of_o tobol_n all_o along_o the_o river_n irtish_fw-mi 300_o of_o his_o man_n who_o he_o have_v send_v out_o on_o purpose_n to_o atrack_v the_o enemy_n at_o a_o certain_a pass_n be_v draw_v into_o a_o ambush_n be_v all_o kill_v upon_o the_o spot_n so_o that_o jormack_n with_o the_o rest_n be_v about_o 200_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v into_o a_o small_a island_n there_o about_o where_o he_o entrench_v himself_o as_o well_o as_o he_o can_v but_o the_o tartar_n have_v by_o their_o late_a victory_n get_v new_a courage_n and_o be_v inform_v of_o what_o number_n of_o man_n he_o have_v with_o he_o attack_v he_o by_o night_n where_o he_o with_o all_o his_o follower_n except_z 40_o who_o find_v mean_n to_o get_v into_o muscovy_n be_v either_o drown_v or_o cut_v to_o piece_n the_o remnant_n of_o jormack_n party_n be_v at_o last_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o have_v give_v to_o the_o czar_n a_o relation_n of_o what_o have_v pass_v in_o siberia_n it_o be_v think_v advisable_a to_o give_v they_o some_o force_n thereby_o to_o enable_v they_o to_o try_v their_o fortune_n a_o second_o time_n have_v therefore_o obtain_v 600_o man_n with_o ammunition_n and_o other_o necessary_n suitable_a to_o such_o a_o expedition_n they_o march_v direct_o towards_o the_o city_n of_o tobol_n the_o metropolis_n and_o residence_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o siberia_n and_o have_v a_o second_o time_n possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o without_o much_o opposition_n they_o take_v quite_o other_o measure_n to_o secure_v their_o conquest_n from_o what_o jormack_n have_v do_v before_o for_o they_o so_o strong_o fortify_v themselves_o there_o that_o they_o soon_o be_v beyond_o all_o apprehension_n of_o be_v attack_v by_o the_o tartar_n and_o be_v afterward_o reinforce_v with_o new_a supply_n of_o man_n and_o other_o necessary_n by_o their_o frequent_a incursion_n so_o fatigue_v the_o neighbour_a tartar_n that_o they_o be_v 〈◊〉_d to_o submit_v themselves_o under_o the_o czar_n protection_n though_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a but_o that_o the_o necessity_n of_o vend_v their_o sable_n and_o other_o fur_n to_o the_o muscovite_n may_v be_v their_o chief_a motive_n of_o surrender_v themselves_o under_o the_o czar_n of_o muscovy_n subjection_n since_o which_o time_n the_o muscovite_n have_v build_v in_o these_o part_n several_a city_n fortify_v after_o the_o russiian_a fashion_n and_o much_o improve_v other_o as_o narim_n and_o the_o great_a city_n of_o tooina_fw-la on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n oby_n the_o castle_n of_o comgoscoi_fw-fr upon_o the_o river_n telta_fw-mi and_o other_o since_o the_o conquest_n of_o siberia_n it_o be_v chief_o to_o the_o muscovite_n we_o be_v behold_v for_o the_o particular_a discovery_n they_o have_v make_v of_o that_o vast_a extent_n of_o the_o northern_a country_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o river_n oby_n which_o traverse_n this_o province_n and_o have_v be_v mention_v before_o and_o the_o famous_a chinese_n wall_n which_o divide_v that_o famous_a empire_n from_o the_o grand_a tartary_n for_o the_o muscovite_n have_v once_o be_v make_v sensible_a of_o the_o prodigious_a quantity_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o precious_a fur_n as_o the_o sable_n martin_n and_o black_a fox_n those_o country_n afford_v and_o the_o vast_a profit_n that_o must_v needs_o arise_v to_o their_o own_o country_n by_o engross_a the_o traffic_n of_o those_o commodity_n have_v leave_v no_o stone_n unturned_a not_o only_o to_o make_v the_o best_a discovery_n they_o can_v
have_v which_o they_o prefer_v before_o our_o sugar_n spice_n or_o vinegar_n which_o they_o have_v be_v observe_v to_o refuse_v as_o they_o also_o show_v more_o satisfaction_n in_o their_o ordinary_a food_n of_o seadog_n calf_n reen_n fox_n house-dog_n and_o fish_n but_o especial_o stockfish_n than_o in_o any_o of_o our_o dish_n the_o swart_a colour_n of_o these_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o cold_a climate_n in_o the_o world_n may_v very_o well_o furnish_v we_o with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o make_v a_o digression_n here_o in_o contradiction_n of_o what_o be_v affirm_v by_o pliny_n to_o wit_n 78._o lib._n 2._o c._n 78._o that_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n burn_v the_o skin_n as_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o cold_a whiten_n it_n if_o natural_a philosophy_n be_v not_o at_o present_a beyond_o our_o scope_n wherefore_o we_o will_v pursue_v the_o tract_n of_o our_o history_n and_o give_v a_o short_a description_n of_o livonia_n the_o country_n of_o livonia_n or_o liefland_n livonia_n livonia_n border_n on_o the_o east_n upon_o muscovy_n on_o the_o north_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o sweden_n and_o finland_n by_o a_o gulf_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n call_v by_o the_o latin_n sinus_n livonicus_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o on_o the_o south_n samogitia_n lithuania_n and_o prussia_n it_o be_v of_o a_o very_a large_a extent_n be_v near_o 600_o english_a mile_n long_o and_o 200_o broad_a it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o province_n to_o wit_n into_o esthonie_n lettie_n and_o courland_n the_o first_o of_o these_o province_n be_v subdivide_v into_o five_o circuit_n call_v hanie_n wirland_n allentaken_v jerwe_v and_o wieck_n its_o metropolis_n be_v revel_v as_o riga_n of_o the_o province_n of_o lettie_n and_o goldingen_n be_v the_o capital_a of_o courland_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n revel_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n be_v situate_a upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n at_o 50_o degr_n 25_o min._n latitude_n and_o 48_o degr_n 30_o min._n longitude_n it_o have_v for_o its_o founder_n waldemar_n or_o wolmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1230._o but_o king_n wolmar_n iii_o sell_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1347._o with_o some_o other_o city_n in_o that_o country_n to_o goswin_n d'_fw-fr eck_n the_o then_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n of_o knight_n the_o muscovite_n have_v for_o above_o these_o hundred_o year_n pass_v be_v very_o ambitious_a to_o unite_v not_o only_o this_o city_n but_o also_o the_o whole_a livonia_n with_o the_o russian_a empire_n which_o have_v occasion_v several_a war_n not_o only_o betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a knight_n but_o also_o with_o the_o swede_n after_o this_o city_n have_v put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n ago_o this_o city_n be_v very_o famous_a for_o two_o memorable_a sieges_n it_o hold_v out_o against_o the_o muscovite_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 1570._o the_o second_o in_o the_o year_n 1577._o both_o which_o the_o muscovite_n be_v force_v to_o raise_v with_o great_a loss_n the_o city_n be_v fortify_v according_a to_o the_o modern_a way_n but_o its_o chief_a strength_n lie_v in_o its_o castle_n which_o be_v most_o advantageous_o situate_v upon_o a_o rock_n steepy_a on_o all_o side_n render_v it_o almost_o unaccessible_a except_o towards_o the_o city_n where_o it_o be_v defend_v by_o very_o good_a work_n it_o have_v a_o most_o excellent_a haven_n fit_v rather_o by_o nature_n than_o art_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o trade_n especial_o with_o muscovy_n it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o hanseatick_a league_n and_o have_v for_o some_o year_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n the_o direction_n of_o the_o college_n belong_v to_o the_o hanseatick_a town_n in_o the_o city_n of_o novogorod_n veliki_n it_o be_v very_o flourish_v in_o its_o commerce_n from_o the_o year_n 1477._o till_o the_o year_n 1550._o when_v have_v break_v with_o the_o other_o hanseatick_a town_n the_o muscovite_n soon_o after_o take_v the_o city_n of_o narva_n and_o establish_v there_o the_o trade_n they_o have_v before_o in_o this_o city_n notwithstanding_o which_o it_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n the_o privilege_n of_o be_v a_o mart_n which_o have_v be_v confirm_v to_o they_o by_o several_a treaty_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o swede_n to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1595._o at_o teusma_n in_o the_o year_n 1607._o at_o wibourg_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o at_o stolvova_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n their_o wing_n have_v be_v clip_v of_o late_a year_n as_o to_o several_a privilege_n grant_v to_o they_o former_o by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n and_o be_v since_o look_v upon_o as_o dangerous_a to_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o sovereign_n the_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v here_o like_v in_o most_o other_o commonwealth_n that_o profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o ausburg_n confession_n administer_v by_o a_o consistory_n and_o a_o superintendent_n and_o their_o civil_a constitution_n come_v very_o near_o to_o a_o democratical_a state_n the_o magistrate_n have_v no_o power_n to_o transact_v any_o thing_n of_o moment_n without_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o principal_a man_n of_o several_a profession_n and_o in_o matter_n of_o extraordinary_a consequence_n not_o without_o summon_v every_o freeman_n of_o the_o city_n within_o half_a a_o league_n of_o it_o towards_o the_o seaside_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o stately_a monastery_n about_o 200_o year_n ago_o dedicate_v to_o st._n bridget_n by_o a_o very_a wealthy_a merchant_n of_o this_o city_n the_o only_a thing_n remarkable_a here_o be_v a_o book_n compose_v of_o the_o foundation_n of_o this_o monastery_n intimate_v that_o the_o religious_a man_n and_o woman_n for_o it_o consist_v of_o both_o of_o this_o monastery_n have_v be_v so_o ingenious_a even_o in_o those_o day_n as_o to_o have_v find_v out_o a_o way_n to_o make_v themselves_o to_o be_v understand_v by_o one_o another_o by_o certain_a sign_n without_o the_o help_n of_o word_n the_o next_o city_n of_o note_n in_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n narva_n narva_n be_v narva_n situate_v in_o the_o circuit_n of_o allentaken_v at_o 60_o degree_n elevation_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n narva_n or_o nerva_n which_o have_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o lake_n pripis_fw-la fall_v with_o a_o very_a swift_a current_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o finland_n about_o ten_o mile_n below_o this_o city_n near_o three_o mile_n above_o it_o there_o be_v a_o most_o dangerous_a cataract_n or_o water-fall_a which_o oblige_v the_o ship_n that_o come_v down_o the_o river_n from_o plescou_n and_o other_o place_n to_o narva_n to_o unlade_v their_o merchandize_n near_o that_o place_n this_o town_n which_o be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o exceed_v strong_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o adjacent_a castle_n be_v say_v to_o be_v build_v as_o well_o as_o the_o city_n of_o revel_n by_o wolmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1558._o besiege_v and_o take_v by_o john_n basilovit_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n but_o recover_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1581._o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o pontus_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr garde_n the_o swedish_n general_n under_o who_o jurisdiction_n it_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o have_v for_o many_o year_n pass_v enjoy_v the_o same_o privilege_n with_o the_o other_o hanseatick_a town_n and_o be_v in_o the_o last_o age_n a_o place_n of_o very_o good_a traffic_n till_o the_o muscovian_a trade_n be_v from_o thence_o by_o the_o english_a and_o dutch_a transfer_v to_o archangel_n and_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o swede_n destroy_v its_o commerce_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dutch_a in_o oliver_n cromwel_n time_n the_o commerce_n to_o archangel_n be_v interrupt_v there_o begin_v to_o be_v a_o prospect_n of_o revive_v the_o trade_n into_o muscovy_n abundance_n of_o ship_n make_v use_n of_o this_o harbour_n for_o that_o purpose_n at_o that_o time_n so_o that_o the_o haven_n be_v repair_v and_o several_a new_a addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o town_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o stranger_n it_o have_v two_o castle_n belong_v to_o it_o one_o on_o this_o side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a shoar_n in_o a_o peninsula_n make_v by_o the_o river_n nerva_n it_o be_v call_v ivanovogorod_n and_o be_v build_v there_o by_o the_o muscovite_n upon_o a_o rock_n so_o inaccessible_a that_o it_o be_v judge_v impregnable_a and_o be_v not_o take_v by_o the_o swede_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1617._o when_v gustavus_n adolphus_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o at_o the_o
foot_n of_o this_o castle_n be_v another_o small_a town_n or_o rather_o suburb_n call_v narva_n muscovite_n be_v inhabit_v by_o muscovite_n but_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n of_o the_o castle_n betwixt_o revel_v and_o narva_n there_o be_v in_o the_o wood_n bear_n and_o wolf_n of_o a_o extraordinary_a bigness_n which_o during_o the_o winter-season_n do_v abundance_n of_o mischief_n to_o the_o peasant_n there_o be_v in_o narva_n to_o be_v see_v the_o skin_n of_o a_o wolf_n of_o a_o prodigious_a size_n which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v kill_v six_o peasant_n out_o of_o twelve_o he_o meet_v upon_o the_o road_n before_o he_o be_v kill_v himself_o they_o fasten_v common_o a_o great_a stick_n to_o their_o sled_n which_o noise_n they_o believe_v frighten_v the_o wolf_n and_o make_v they_o run_v away_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o second_o province_n in_o livonia_n riga_n riga_n which_o be_v call_v lettie_n be_v the_o city_n of_o riga_n it_o be_v origin_n be_v somewhat_o doubtful_a both_o as_o to_o the_o time_n and_o the_o true_a name_n of_o its_o first_o founder_n some_o have_v ascribe_v it_o to_o albert_n the_o three_o bishop_n of_o livonia_n in_o the_o year_n 1196._o other_o to_o one_o bertold_v of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o white_a friar_n abbot_n of_o locken_n in_o the_o country_n of_o shovenburgh_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o mindea_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1189_o and_o to_o have_v make_v it_o a_o bishop_n seat_n but_o it_o be_v beyond_o question_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1215_o it_o be_v raise_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishopric_n and_o make_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o livonia_n prussia_n and_o courland_n this_o occasion_v afterward_o great_a jarâ—ngs_n betwixt_o the_o livonian_a knight_n and_o that_o archbishop_n as_o also_o betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n concern_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n in_o this_o place_n which_o be_v at_o several_a time_n divide_v betwixt_o they_o till_o the_o reformation_n put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o further_a difference_n by_o take_v from_o they_o all_o the_o authority_n they_o former_o have_v in_o this_o city_n it_o surrender_v itself_o by_o a_o voluntary_a rendition_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o during_o the_o war_n the_o muscovite_n make_v in_o livonia_n about_o that_o time_n since_o which_o it_o be_v twice_o but_o in_o vain_a besiege_v by_o charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n uncle_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o sweden_n after_o he_o have_v get_v into_o possession_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n but_o gustavus_n adolphus_n take_v it_o at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1621._o by_o composition_n after_o a_o siege_n of_o six_o week_n and_o the_o swede_n remain_v ever_o since_o in_o possession_n of_o it_o for_o though_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o the_o same_o be_v not_o grant_v to_o the_o swede_n any_o long_a than_o till_o the_o peace_n they_o be_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n conclude_v betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n in_o the_o year_n 1666_o wherein_o john_n casimir_n king_n of_o poland_n also_o resign_v his_o pretention_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n put_v into_o the_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o city_n and_o the_o whole_a livonia_n it_o be_v situate_a upon_o the_o river_n dune_n which_o about_o ten_o or_o twelve_o mile_n from_o hence_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o be_v near_o this_o city_n above_o a_o mile_n broad_a in_o a_o very_a spacious_a and_o pleasant_a valley_n it_o be_v well_o fortify_v on_o the_o landside_n to_o wit_n with_o six_o regular_a bastion_n and_o as_o many_o half_a moon_n the_o counterscarp_n be_v pallisadoe_v it_o be_v very_o populous_a because_o of_o the_o extraordinary_a concourse_n of_o people_n that_o flock_v hither_o both_o in_o winter_n and_o summer_n on_o the_o account_n of_o commerce_n which_o while_o the_o baltic_a sea_n be_v navigable_a be_v carry_v on_o with_o the_o english_a dutch_a and_o hanseatick_a town_n and_o when_o the_o frost_n and_o snow_n have_v fit_v the_o road_n and_o river_n for_o sled_n with_o the_o muscovite_n all_o sort_n of_o provision_n be_v extreme_o cheap_a here_o but_o especial_o venison_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o peasant_n have_v a_o privilege_n hereabout_o to_o hunt_n at_o pleasure_n the_o lutheran_n be_v the_o establish_a religion_n here_o with_o exclusion_n of_o all_o other_o whether_o protestant_n catholic_n or_o muscovite_n the_o high-dutch_a and_o stavonian_a language_n be_v equal_o understand_v by_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o the_o high-dutch_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o principal_a not_o only_o all_o people_n of_o any_o fashion_n both_o in_o speak_v and_o write_v but_o also_o the_o magistrate_n in_o his_o public_a act_n and_o the_o minister_n in_o their_o sermon_n make_v use_v of_o it_o except_o it_o be_v in_o two_o particular_a church_n where_o sermon_n be_v make_v in_o the_o slavonian_a and_o courland_n language_n for_o such_o of_o the_o mean_a sort_n as_o perhaps_o do_v not_o so_o exact_o understand_v the_o high-dutch_a tongue_n the_o next_o city_n in_o rank_n be_v call_v derpt_v or_o torpat_v derpt_v derpt_v it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o all_o livonia_n upon_o the_o river_n eimbec_n between_o the_o two_o lake_n of_o worzero_n and_o peipis_fw-la the_o remnant_n of_o its_o ancient_a building_n show_v it_o to_o have_v be_v none_o of_o the_o least_o considerable_a in_o those_o part_n before_o the_o frequent_a revolution_n which_o happen_v in_o this_o country_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n pole_n and_o swede_n have_v render_v its_o condition_n much_o decline_v from_o what_o it_o be_v in_o former_a age_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o muscovite_n jupogorod_n who_o be_v possess_v of_o it_o till_o the_o year_n 1230_o when_o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n who_o make_v it_o also_o the_o seat_n of_o a_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 1558_o john_n basilovit_n grand_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n have_v unexpected_o advance_v with_o a_o army_n near_o to_o the_o city_n strike_v such_o a_o consternation_n into_o its_o inhabitant_n that_o without_o strike_v one_o blow_n they_o surrender_v to_o the_o grand_a duke_n but_o the_o year_n 1571_o prove_v most_o fatal_a to_o this_o city_n for_o one_o reinold_n rose_n a_o gentleman_n of_o livonia_n have_v lay_v a_o design_n to_o put_v the_o city_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o magnus_n duke_n of_o helstein_n and_o be_v discover_v before_o it_o can_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o citizen_n pay_v dear_o for_o it_o the_o muscovite_n exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o cruelty_n upon_o they_o without_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n pursuant_n to_o the_o treatise_n of_o peace_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1582_o between_o the_o grand_a duke_n john_n basilovit_n and_o stephen_n battory_n king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v surrender_v to_o the_o latter_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n that_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o it_o till_o the_o year_n 1625_o when_o james_n the_o la'garde_n general_n of_o the_o swedish_n army_n take_v it_o from_o they_o who_o keep_v it_o ever_o since_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n make_v betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o which_o be_v since_o confirm_v by_o the_o peace_n conclude_v in_o the_o year_n 1666_o at_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n gustavus_n adolphus_n found_v a_o university_n here_o in_o the_o year_n 1632_o but_o it_o be_v not_o much_o frequent_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o a_o few_o finlander_n the_o livonian_a nobility_n send_v their_o son_n for_o the_o most_o part_n abroad_o to_o the_o university_n in_o germany_n to_o this_o province_n also_o belong_v the_o city_n of_o parnau_n parnau_n parnau_n have_v receive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n parnau_n or_o pornou_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o new_a and_o old_a town_n and_o be_v former_o a_o member_n of_o the_o hanseatick_a league_n but_o its_o trade_n be_v much_o decay_v of_o late_a year_n the_o only_a thing_n they_o now_o deal_v in_o be_v wheat_n it_o be_v not_o very_o big_a but_o have_v a_o pretty_a good_a castle_n build_v of_o wood_n after_o the_o muscovian_a fashion_n the_o river_n pornou_n rise_v out_o of_o a_o great_a forest_n near_o the_o castle_n of_o weissenstein_n situate_v upon_o the_o little_a river_n become_v and_o be_v in_o its_o passage_n augment_v by_o the_o two_o river_n fela_n and_o perukeja_n exonerate_v its_o self_n into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n not_o far_o below_o this_o city_n it_o
be_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o have_v take_v it_o from_o the_o muscovite_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1562_o the_o swede_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o but_o be_v however_o three_o year_n after_o recover_v by_o the_o pole_n by_o stratagem_n and_o ten_o year_n after_o that_o take_v by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o it_o till_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a treaty_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pole_n this_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n be_v surrender_v to_o the_o latter_a the_o swede_n retake_v it_o from_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o year_n 1617._o and_o have_v keep_v it_o ever_o since_o by_o the_o ensue_a treatise_n betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n the_o three_o province_n of_o livonia_n courland_n courland_n be_v the_o duchy_n of_o courland_n be_v divide_v from_o the_o former_a by_o the_o river_n dune_n this_o province_n be_v miserable_o ruin_v during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n pole_n and_o swede_n and_o when_o the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n with_o all_o that_o be_v remain_v under_o their_o jurisdiction_n sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n make_v courland_n a_o dukedom_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o goddard_n kettler_n of_o nesselroth_n last_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o livonia_n to_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o fief_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o william_n the_o young_a son_n of_o this_o goddard_n who_o enjoy_v the_o dukedom_n after_o his_o elder_a brother_n frederick_n die_v without_o issue_n be_v dispossess_v of_o it_o by_o sigismond_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o exile_n till_o the_o year_n 1619._o when_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o several_a foreign_a prince_n he_o be_v re-establish_v in_o his_o dukedom_n who_o posterity_n enjoy_v it_o to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v capital_a city_n be_v goldingen_n but_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n be_v at_o mittaw_n mittaw_n mittaw_n situate_v in_o that_o part_n of_o courland_n which_o be_v call_v semgalle_n above_o thirty_o mile_n from_o the_o city_n of_o riga_n during_o the_o first_o war_n betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o swode_n the_o latter_a take_v the_o city_n of_o mittaw_n which_o they_o fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o their_o possession_n till_o the_o year_n 1629_o when_o by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n then_o agree_v on_o betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o restore_v it_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o courland_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o gulf_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n couri-chaf_a or_o lake_n of_o courland_n be_v a_o pleasant_a little_a town_n memel_fw-la memel_fw-la call_v memel_fw-la by_o the_o german_n and_o cleupeda_n by_o the_o courlander_n it_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o river_n tange_fw-la which_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o fall_v into_o the_o gulf_n it_o be_v castle_n be_v extreme_o pleasant_o situate_v and_o well_o fortify_v and_o its_o harbour_n very_o commodious_a it_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1250_o and_o belong_v to_o the_o friar_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1328_o sell_v it_o to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o prussia_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n conclude_v betwixt_o the_o pole_n and_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o this_o city_n and_o that_o duchy_n be_v absolute_o surrender_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o remain_v ever_o since_o in_o full_a possession_n of_o it_o the_o country_n of_o livonia_n itself_o be_v not_o know_v in_o these_o part_n till_o in_o the_o year_n 1158._o when_v a_o certain_a ship_n of_o bremen_n be_v force_v by_o a_o tempest_n into_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n the_o merchant_n of_o that_o city_n begin_v to_o establish_v a_o commerce_n and_o soon_o after_o the_o christian_a religion_n in_o this_o country_n its_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v all_o pagan_n before_o that_o time_n of_o who_o superstition_n and_o sacrifice_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v anon_o the_o first_o that_o preach_v the_o gospel_n among_o they_o be_v menard_n a_o monk_n of_o segeberg_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1170._o make_v the_o first_o bishop_n of_o livonia_n by_o alexander_n iii_o pope_n of_o rome_n his_o successor_n bertold_v a_o monk_n of_o the_o order_n of_o white_a friar_n not_o follow_v the_o footstep_n of_o his_o predecessor_n be_v for_o employ_v the_o sword_n in_o convert_v these_o idolatrous_a people_n who_o have_v take_v up_o arm_n kill_v he_o with_o above_o 10000_o christian_n so_o that_o the_o christian_a interest_n be_v in_o the_o utmost_a danger_n of_o have_v be_v quite_o lose_v in_o that_o country_n have_v not_o the_o prudence_n of_o albert_n a_o canon_n of_o bremen_n and_o successor_n to_o bertold_v in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o livonia_n in_o part_n restore_v what_o the_o former_a have_v lose_v for_o he_o knight_n livonian_a knight_n the_o better_a to_o establish_v the_o christian_a interest_n in_o these_o part_n by_o the_o authority_n receive_v from_o pope_n innocent_n iii_o lay_v the_o first_o foundation_n of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o livonian_a knight_n or_o friar_n of_o the_o short_a sword_n so_o call_v because_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o white_a cloak_n a_o red_a short_a sword_n with_o a_o star_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o they_o have_v change_v since_o into_o two_o short_a sword_n salter-wise_a they_o be_v oblige_v almost_o to_o the_o same_o rule_n with_o the_o knights-templar_n be_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o infidel_n and_o barbarian_n and_o to_o have_v the_o three_o part_n of_o all_o that_o they_o gain_v from_o their_o enemy_n but_o in_o regard_n this_o new_a religious_a order_n at_o first_o be_v scarce_o sufficient_a to_o subsist_v upon_o its_o own_o bottom_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o order_n of_o st._n mary_n of_o jerusalem_n in_o the_o year_n 1238._o in_o the_o person_n of_o herman_n balek_n grand_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n have_v a_o dependence_n from_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o that_o order_n till_o be_v hardly_o press_v upon_o by_o the_o muscovite_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v from_o hence_o that_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n first_o claim_v the_o title_n over_o these_o lord_n or_o master_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1513._o they_o become_v entire_o subject_n of_o the_o empire_n when_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n with_o his_o suffragans_fw-la and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o knightly_a order_n who_o have_v in_o part_n free_v himself_o of_o the_o subjection_n of_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o prussia_n be_v receive_v among_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o muscovite_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o convenient_a situation_n have_v for_o a_o considerable_a time_n look_v upon_o it_o with_o a_o wishful_a eye_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1501._o enter_v it_o with_o a_o very_a powerful_a army_n but_o be_v vanquish_v in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n fight_v betwixt_o they_o and_o walter_n de_fw-fr plattenbergh_n master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n where_o 40000_o muscovite_n be_v kill_v upon_o the_o spot_n which_o oblige_v they_o to_o make_v a_o truce_n with_o the_o livonian_o for_o fifty_o year_n this_o be_v expire_v the_o grand_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n john_n basilovit_n be_v flush_v with_o his_o late_a conquest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astrachan_n and_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v then_o betwixt_o the_o master_n of_o the_o knightly_a order_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n enter_v livonia_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n and_o have_v ruin_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n in_o the_o bishopric_n of_o derpt_a or_o torpat_v and_o wirland_n retreat_v into_o muscovy_n this_o have_v put_v the_o whole_a country_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n they_o be_v for_o seek_v aid_n in_o all_o part_n and_o have_v make_v their_o first_o application_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o with_o little_a success_n the_o city_n of_o revel_n which_o be_v the_o most_o expose_v of_o all_o offer_v to_o put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n which_o have_v be_v refuse_v they_o have_v recourse_n to_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o likewise_o refuse_v they_o the_o desire_a succour_n of_o man_n and_o money_n unless_o they_o will_v put_v themselves_o under_o his_o protection_n in_o which_o case_n he_o will_v maintain_v they_o in_o their_o privilege_n the_o city_n and_o adjacent_a nobility_n separate_v from_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n and_o submit_v to_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n in_o the_o year_n 1560._o in_o the_o mean_a while_n
before_o part_v appoint_v the_o time_n of_o their_o rendezvouz_n against_o next_o spring_n in_o one_o of_o these_o isle_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n the_o great_a exploit_n they_o have_v former_o do_v against_o the_o turk_n have_v gain_v they_o no_o small_a reputation_n among_o the_o pole_n therefore_o stephen_n batori_fw-la prince_n of_o transilvania_n and_o afterward_o elect_v king_n of_o poland_n have_v consider_v with_o himself_o that_o these_o cosack_n may_v be_v of_o great_a use_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n not_o only_o against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o neighbour_a crim_n or_o precopian_a tartar_n but_o also_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o considerable_a addition_n to_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n out_o of_o horse_n will_v in_o effect_n be_v render_v more_o formidable_a when_o augment_v by_o so_o considerable_a a_o number_n of_o foot_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o consideration_n he_o resolve_v to_o put_v these_o vagabond_n soldier_n into_o a_o good_a order_n and_o discipline_n which_o he_o effect_v by_o grant_v to_o they_o beside_o their_o pay_n very_o considerable_a priledge_n and_o put_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o general_n of_o their_o own_o with_o a_o power_n to_o choose_v such_o officer_n under_o he_o as_o he_o esteem_v most_o fit_a for_o service_n have_v thus_o reduce_v they_o into_o one_o body_n he_o give_v they_o the_o city_n of_o techtimoravia_n with_o all_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o it_o which_o be_v seat_v upon_o the_o boristhenes_n they_o make_v it_o their_o magazine_n and_o the_o residence_n of_o their_o governor_n general_n and_o to_o render_v this_o body_n the_o more_o serviceable_a against_o the_o tartar_n he_o join_v to_o this_o militia_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v compose_v altogether_o of_o foot_n two_o thousand_o horse_n for_o the_o maintain_v of_o which_o he_o allot_v the_o four_o part_n of_o certain_a revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v quartan_n and_o by_o corruption_n quartian_n and_o be_v dispose_v upon_o the_o frontier_n most_o expose_v to_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n by_o this_o mean_n that_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o from_o bar_n bracklavia_n and_o kiovia_n extend_v itself_o all_o along_o the_o boristhenes_n to_o the_o black-sea_n and_o be_v now_o call_v the_o vkraine_n which_o be_v before_o a_o desolate_a country_n be_v in_o a_o little_a time_n fill_v with_o populous_a city_n and_o to_n as_o this_o body_n have_v do_v considerable_a service_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o maintain_v its_o frontier_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n so_o after_o sometime_o time_n it_o prove_v very_o dangerous_a have_v several_a time_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o the_o republic_n for_o be_v once_o make_v sensible_a of_o their_o own_o strength_n they_o refuse_v to_o be_v obedient_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o polish_v general_n their_o first_o rebellion_n be_v in_o the_o year_n 1587._o rebel_n the_o cosack_v rebel_n under_o their_o general_n john_n podkowa_o but_o be_v vanquish_v he_o have_v his_o head_n cut_v off_o in_o the_o year_n 1596_o sigismond_n iii_o king_n of_o poland_n upon_o complaint_n make_v by_o the_o turk_n forbid_v they_o to_o cruise_v in_o the_o black-sea_n which_o order_n they_o obey_v for_o that_o time_n but_o soon_o after_o fell_a into_o the_o polish_v russia_n and_o lithuania_n where_o they_o ravage_v the_o country_n under_o their_o general_n nalevaiko_n in_o vain_a do_v the_o king_n send_v his_o order_n for_o they_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o habitation_n they_o on_o the_o contrary_a resolve_v to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n against_o the_o polish_v army_n which_o be_v advance_v against_o they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o polish_v general_n zolkieuski_n the_o battle_n be_v fight_v near_o the_o city_n of_o bialacerkiovia_n where_o the_o cosack_n have_v the_o better_a of_o it_o but_o zolkieuski_n as_o he_o be_v a_o great_a general_n have_v weather_v the_o point_n for_o that_o time_n soon_o after_o get_v they_o into_o the_o trap_n so_o that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v and_o deliver_v up_o their_o general_n nalevaiko_n who_o undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o cosack_v revolt_v again_o the_o occasion_n be_v thus_o a_o great_a many_o polish_v lord_n have_v purchase_v estate_n in_o the_o vkraine_n the_o quarter_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o observe_v that_o the_o boor_n their_o vassal_n run_v frequent_o over_o to_o they_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o their_o revenue_n can_v never_o be_v well_o secure_v as_o long_o as_o the_o cosack_v enjoy_v their_o privilege_n have_v therefore_o represent_v they_o to_o the_o king_n as_o dangerous_a to_o the_o republic_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o peasant_n that_o daily_o run_v over_o to_o they_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o the_o polish_v general_n koniespolski_n shall_v order_v a_o fort_n to_o be_v erect_v at_o a_o certain_a point_n of_o land_n call_v kudak_v where_o the_o river_n zwamer_n fall_v into_o the_o boristhenes_n which_o for_o its_o situation_n they_o have_v choose_v as_o a_o convenient_a place_n to_o bridle_v the_o cosack_n as_o be_v not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o place_n of_o their_o ordinary_a rendezvouz_n the_o cosack_n who_o be_v not_o so_o simple_a as_o not_o to_o penetrate_v into_o the_o design_n of_o the_o pole_n resolve_v not_o to_o suffer_v the_o bridle_n to_o be_v put_v over_o their_o head_n and_o have_v defeat_v coll._n marion_n who_o be_v leave_v there_o with_o 200_o man_n to_o see_v the_o fort_n perfect_v they_o assemble_v a_o considerable_a body_n to_o prevent_v the_o polish_v general_n in_o his_o design_n but_o at_o the_o very_a juncture_n of_o time_n when_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v most_o unanimous_a great_a division_n arise_v among_o the_o cosack_n they_o revolt_v against_o their_o general_n sawakonowiez_n who_o they_o massacr_v and_o in_o his_o place_n set_v up_o one_o pauluck_n of_o little_a experience_n and_o less_o conduct_n in_o martial_a affair_n the_o polish_v general_n have_v in_o the_o mean_a while_n take_v this_o opportunity_n to_o put_v the_o fort_n in_o a_o state_n of_o defence_n they_o march_v out_o under_o their_o new_a general_n pauluck_v but_o be_v surprise_v in_o the_o plain_n near_o korsun_n before_o they_o can_v entrench_v themselves_o betwixt_o their_o wagon_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n so_o that_o be_v destitute_a of_o horse_n they_o be_v easy_o defeat_v by_o potoskiâ—_n the_o polish_v marshal_n de_fw-fr camp_n those_o that_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n get_v into_o borovit_n but_o be_v immediate_o besiege_v by_o potoski_n and_o the_o place_n be_v not_o provide_v with_o ammunition_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o surrender_v their_o general_n pauluck_n with_o four_o more_o of_o their_o principal_a officer_n who_o be_v afterward_o behead_v at_o warsaw_n notwithstanding_o their_o life_n be_v secure_v to_o they_o by_o the_o capitulation_n it_o be_v also_o decree_v at_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o the_o same_o time_n at_o warsaw_n that_o not_o only_o all_o their_o privilege_n and_o the_o city_n of_o teâ—â—htimoravia_n grant_v to_o they_o by_o king_n stephen_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o but_o also_o a_o new_a body_n of_o militia_n shall_v be_v erect_v in_o their_o stead_n but_o the_o cosack_v be_v not_o discourage_v at_o this_o resolution_n resolve_v also_o on_o their_o side_n to_o try_v the_o utmost_a for_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o liberty_n and_o after_o have_v protest_v to_o the_o pole_n that_o they_o will_v remain_v steadfast_a to_o the_o interest_n of_o that_o crown_n provide_v they_o be_v maintain_v in_o their_o ancient_a privilege_n they_o fight_v a_o second_o time_n with_o potoski_n in_o the_o vkraine_n but_o with_o not_o much_o better_a success_n than_o before_o so_o that_o find_v their_o circumstance_n desperate_a they_o entrench_v themselves_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n upon_o the_o river_n statcza_n where_o during_o the_o space_n of_o two_o month_n the_o pole_n attack_v they_o at_o several_a time_n with_o great_a vigour_n but_o be_v as_o often_o repulse_v with_o all_o the_o bravery_n imaginable_a so_o that_o find_v there_o be_v no_o good_a to_o be_v do_v with_o these_o desperate_a cosack_n they_o be_v force_v to_o come_v to_o a_o capitulation_n with_o they_o and_o to_o confirm_v all_o their_o former_a privilege_n and_o to_o promise_v the_o re-establishment_n of_o their_o militia_n upon_o the_o same_o foot_n as_o before_o under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o own_o general_n choose_v by_o the_o king_n but_o this_o capitulation_n be_v almost_o as_o soon_o break_v as_o make_v for_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o cajole_v the_o cosack_n out_o of_o their_o advantageous_a post_n but_o most_o of_o they_o be_v either_o cut_v to_o piece_n or_o plunder_v by_o the_o pole_n their_o militia_n be_v not_o
re-establish_v but_o another_o set_v up_o in_o their_o stead_n where_o no_o cosack_n be_v permit_v to_o enroll_v themselves_o but_o scarce_o two_o year_n be_v elapse_v before_o the_o pole_n have_v sufficient_a occasion_n to_o repent_v themselves_o of_o this_o change_n for_o the_o tartar_n who_o before_o the_o reform_v of_o these_o cosack_n never_o dare_v so_o much_o as_o approach_v these_o frontier_n make_v a_o great_a irruption_n into_o the_o vkraine_n and_o after_o have_v ruin_v all_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n in_o the_o tertitory_n of_o pereaslaw_n corfun_n and_o wisnowitz_n return_v home_o with_o a_o vast_a booty_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o prisoner_n according_a to_o their_o wont_a custom_n ladislaus_n therefore_o then_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v due_o weigh_v the_o necessity_n there_o be_v to_o keep_v on_o foot_n this_o body_n upon_o which_o he_o much_o rely_v especial_o at_o that_o time_n when_o he_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o heavy_a war_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n effectual_o restore_v they_o to_o their_o former_a condition_n have_v give_v they_o for_o their_o general_n one_o bogdan_n or_o theodore_n chmielniski_n but_o a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n have_v conceive_v a_o mortal_a hatred_n against_o the_o cosack_n miss_v no_o opportunity_n of_o do_v they_o what_o mischief_n they_o can_v among_o the_o rest_n a_o certain_a polish_v gentleman_n who_o name_n be_v jarinski_n do_v not_o only_o burn_v some_o mill_n belong_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n chmielniski_n but_o also_o after_o have_v ravish_v his_o wife_n killed_z both_z she_o and_o her_o son_n chmielniski_n be_v provoke_v to_o revenge_v so_o barbarous_a a_o affront_n after_o have_v demand_v satisfaction_n which_o be_v deny_v he_o stir_v up_o his_o cosack_n who_o with_o burn_a plunder_v and_o ravish_v continual_o pester_v the_o polish_v nobility_n so_o that_o they_o address_v themselves_o to_o king_n john_n casimir_n brother_n of_o the_o decease_a king_n ladislaus_n desire_v he_o to_o march_v against_o they_o in_o person_n which_o he_o have_v refuse_v to_o do_v they_o bring_v together_o a_o army_n of_o 50000_o man_n but_o be_v miserable_o beat_v by_o the_o cosack_n and_o have_v a_o second_o time_n encounter_v they_o without_o the_o king_n consent_n they_o receive_v another_o overthow_v to_o revenge_v this_o they_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n when_o chmielniski_n be_v celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n of_o his_o son_n with_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o moldavia_n the_o pole_n then_o surprise_v the_o cosack_n plunder_v the_o city_n and_o take_v the_o grecian_a patriarch_n prisoner_n the_o general_n have_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o know_v whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o his_o order_n be_v answer_v no_o but_o that_o the_o nobility_n have_v do_v it_o to_o revenge_v themselves_o upon_o the_o cosack_n chmielniski_n be_v vehement_o incense_v against_o the_o nobility_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o 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they_o
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by_o the_o outward_a show_n of_o his_o piety_n make_v his_o subject_n conceive_v all_o the_o hope_n that_o can_v be_v of_o a_o prosperous_a reign_n for_o he_o will_v go_v frequent_o to_o church_n say_v the_o service_n himself_o sing_z and_o never_o fail_v to_o be_v present_a at_o any_o ecclesiastical_a ceremony_n nay_o sometime_o execute_v the_o function_n of_o monk_n and_o priest_n himself_o which_o without_o question_n be_v it_o that_o mislead_v paulus_n jovius_n into_o that_o mistake_n when_o he_o call_v he_o a_o good_a and_o devout_a christian_a for_o it_o will_v sufficient_o appear_v in_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n that_o he_o abuse_v both_o god_n and_o man_n and_o that_o his_o pretend_a piety_n be_v only_o intend_v to_o gain_v the_o popular_a applause_n which_o he_o both_o effect_v and_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o and_o to_o cover_v his_o most_o horrid_a design_n against_o such_o of_o the_o nobility_n as_o he_o be_v afraid_a will_v not_o submit_v without_o reluctancy_n 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the_o most_o ancient_a family_n in_o muscovy_n couple_v together_o two_o and_o two_o like_o hound_n and_o so_o miserable_o disfigure_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o torture_n that_o they_o be_v almost_o not_o to_o be_v know_v by_o their_o near_a kindred_n to_o gratify_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o people_n he_o select_v 180_o out_o of_o their_o number_n unto_o these_o say_v he_o i_o give_v their_o life_n for_o your_o sake_n i_o will_v pardon_v they_o all_o their_o offence_n let_v they_o be_v present_o discharge_v which_o be_v do_v according_o the_o first_o that_o be_v bring_v forth_o to_o execution_n be_v john_n michaelovit_n wiskowaty_n his_o chancellor_n descend_v from_o one_o of_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n in_o muscovy_n who_o be_v charge_v with_o keep_v great_a correspondence_n with_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o invite_v the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n to_o invade_v muscovy_n when_o he_o be_v just_a go_v to_o be_v put_v on_o one_o of_o the_o gibbet_n he_o speak_v these_o follow_a word_n i_o call_v god_n almighty_a the_o infallible_a searcher_n of_o heart_n to_o witness_v of_o what_o i_o be_o go_v to_o say_v to_o be_v true_a i_o confess_v myself_o before_o he_o to_o be_v a_o miserable_a â—_z and_o trust_v in_o his_o mercy_n through_o the_o blood_n of_o his_o 〈◊〉_d belove_v son_n but_o as_o to_o what_o concern_v the_o station_n i_o be_v late_o in_o by_o the_o great_a duke_n favour_n i_o protest_v to_o god_n that_o i_o have_v always_o discharge_v my_o trust_n faithful_o as_o i_o ought_v to_o do_v towards_o he_o and_o therefore_o i_o appeal_v at_o this_o instant_a to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o god_n where_o when_o i_o shall_v meet_v the_o duke_n i_o will_v make_v my_o innocence_n appear_v to_o the_o great_a judge_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n i_o be_o sensible_a that_o o_o duke_n such_o be_v thy_o ambition_n such_o be_v thy_o avarice_n and_o thirst_n after_o innocent_a blood_n that_o nothing_o but_o my_o life_n can_v satisfy_v thou_o at_o present_a glut_v thyself_o therefore_o with_o innocent_a blood_n but_o remember_v that_o thou_o must_v one_o day_n give_v a_o most_o severe_a account_n of_o all_o these_o most_o barbarous_a cruelty_n whilst_o he_o be_v go_v on_o in_o his_o discourse_n the_o executioner_n by_o the_o great_a duke_n order_n tie_v he_o up_o to_o one_o of_o the_o gibbet_n with_o his_o foot_n upward_o and_o his_o head_n hang_v down_o this_o do_v one_o of_o the_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n ask_v he_o what_o he_o will_v have_v far_o do_v with_o this_o malefactor_n every_o one_o of_o you_o say_v he_o that_o belong_v to_o my_o court_n here_o present_a shall_v lend_v a_o help_a hand_n to_o send_v this_o traitor_n out_o of_o the_o world_n who_o i_o will_v have_v cut_v limb_n by_o limb._n he_o have_v no_o soon_o speak_v the_o word_n but_o the_o first_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n call_v molutlo_n dismount_v his_o horse_n he_o with_o a_o little_a knife_n cut_v off_o his_o right_a ear_n the_o second_o his_o left_a the_o three_o his_o lip_n and_o so_o every_o one_o in_o their_o turn_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o limb_n the_o secretary_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n be_v also_o to_o have_v his_o share_n in_o the_o execution_n at_o last_o cut_v off_o his_o privy_a member_n of_o which_o he_o immediate_o die_v which_o the_o duke_n perceive_v and_o believe_v that_o it_o have_v be_v do_v on_o purpose_n to_o shorten_v the_o chancellor_n misery_n he_o order_v he_o to_o eat_v they_o instant_o which_o he_o be_v force_v to_o do_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o chancellor_n be_v take_v from_o the_o gibbet_n and_o cut_v into_o small_a piece_n the_o next_o that_o be_v bring_v upon_o the_o scaffold_n be_v michael_n tumâ—chow_n the_o lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o muscâ—â—y_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o that_o he_o have_v be_v a_o intimate_a friend_n of_o the_o chancellor_n he_o be_v very_o short_a in_o his_o expression_n say_v only_o these_o word_n i_o appeal_v to_o god_n from_o who_o nothing_o can_v be_v hiddeâ—_n 〈◊〉_d i_o never_o be_v guilty_a of_o any_o trespass_n against_o my_o lord_n and_o master_n and_o that_o i_o have_v faithful_o and_o without_o any_o fraud_n discharge_v my_o office_n wherefore_o i_o summon_v thou_o o_o great_a duke_n to_o appear_v on_o the_o last_o day_n of_o judgement_n before_o the_o tribunal_n of_o god_n where_o thou_o shall_v be_v oblige_v to_o make_v ample_a satisfaction_n to_o i_o have_v end_v these_o word_n he_o be_v tie_v up_o to_o the_o gibbet_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o chancellor_n with_o his_o head_n downward_o and_o very_o close_o shave_v after_o he_o have_v hang_v thus_o for_o some_o time_n two_o of_o the_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n each_o with_o a_o bucket_n of_o water_n whereof_o one_o be_v cold_a the_o other_o fill_v out_o of_o the_o cauldron_n with_o boil_a water_n we_o mention_v before_o approach_v to_o the_o gibbet_n and_o he_o with_o the_o cold_a water_n have_v first_o wash_v his_o head_n the_o other_o continual_o pour_v the_o boil_a hot_a water_n upon_o it_o till_o the_o skin_n be_v quite_o shrivel_v together_o and_o the_o poor_a treasurer_n at_o last_o die_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o most_o exquisite_a torment_n the_o three_o in_o order_n be_v his_o cook_n who_o undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o the_o chancellor_n be_v cut_v to_o piece_n limb_n by_o limb._n after_o these_o follow_v three_o of_o the_o great_a duke_n chief_a secretary_n george_n czapkinou_n john_n buthakow_n and_o basili_n stepanow_n these_o be_v all_o together_o with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n cut_v in_o piece_n in_o the_o great_a duke_n presence_n by_o his_o guard_n at_o last_o two_o hundred_o of_o these_o noble_a man_n we_o speak_v of_o before_o be_v bring_v before_o the_o great_a duke_n upon_o the_o scaffold_n who_o have_v condemn_v they_o to_o die_v without_o as_o much_o as_o name_v their_o crime_n they_o be_v in_o a_o instant_n cut_v to_o piece_n by_o his_o guard_n before_o his_o face_n to_o conclude_v the_o tragedy_n the_o great_a duke_n 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and_o lament_v the_o miserable_a death_n of_o her_o husband_n in_o term_n so_o passionate_a that_o it_o will_v have_v move_v compassion_n in_o a_o heart_n of_o stone_n but_o the_o tyrant_n be_v void_a of_o all_o sense_n of_o humanity_n no_o soon_o enter_v the_o house_n but_o order_v she_o to_o be_v strip_v stark_o naked_a and_o to_o be_v set_v with_o her_o bare_a buttock_n upon_o a_o rope_n fasten_v tight_o for_o that_o purpose_n betwixt_o two_o post_n and_o so_o to_o be_v draw_v upon_o the_o rope_n till_o the_o tender_a flesh_n of_o this_o pretty_a creature_n not_o be_v able_a to_o resist_v long_o the_o violence_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v tear_v every_o where_o to_o the_o very_a bone_n of_o which_o she_o die_v some_o day_n after_o she_o have_v a_o
as_o it_o will_v sufficient_o appear_v out_o of_o the_o sequel_n of_o this_o history_n for_o when_o the_o pole_n see_v the_o muscovite_n reduce_v to_o the_o great_a strait_n that_o can_v be_v by_o these_o intestine_a dissension_n raise_v and_o foment_v by_o their_o contrivance_n they_o judge_v now_o to_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o favourable_a opportunity_n to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o that_o vast_a empire_n for_o which_o reason_n the_o senate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n represent_v to_o their_o king_n sigismond_n how_o easy_a it_o will_v be_v for_o he_o at_o this_o critical_a juncture_n to_o give_v law_n to_o both_o party_n in_o that_o divide_a empire_n if_o he_o will_v show_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o considerable_a army_n which_o be_v ready_a at_o hand_n in_o poland_n to_o march_v upon_o his_o first_o order_n into_o russia_n where_o they_o may_v live_v upon_o the_o country_n whereas_o they_o must_v now_o be_v maintain_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o republic_n beside_o the_o benefit_n he_o will_v reap_v from_o this_o expedition_n in_o give_v law_n to_o the_o muscovite_n and_o purge_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o vagabond_n and_o idle_a person_n the_o remnant_n of_o their_o late_a civil_a dissension_n it_o will_v be_v a_o glorious_a work_n to_o revenge_v the_o barbarous_a murder_n of_o so_o many_o of_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o detain_v of_o his_o ambassador_n the_o chief_a thing_n object_v be_v that_o the_o truce_n make_v some_o year_n ago_o betwixt_o both_o nation_n be_v not_o expire_v but_o this_o objection_n be_v soon_o answer_v consider_v that_o the_o muscovite_n have_v be_v the_o first_o who_o violate_v it_o in_o massacre_a the_o pole_n against_o all_o law_n of_o hospitality_n and_o detain_v their_o ambassador_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o suppose_v this_o to_o be_v insufficient_a the_o specious_a pretence_n sigismond_n may_v make_v use_n of_o in_o appear_v for_o demetrius_n their_o lawful_a great_a duke_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o empire_n against_o the_o usurper_n of_o his_o crown_n and_o right_o will_v take_v off_o the_o blame_v of_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o truce_n in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o world_n king_n sigismond_n be_v sway_v by_o these_o important_a consideration_n allege_v by_o his_o council_n at_o last_o determine_v to_o invade_v muscovy_n with_o a_o army_n to_o be_v command_v by_o himself_o in_o order_n to_o this_o design_n every_o thing_n be_v get_v ready_a with_o all_o possible_a speed_n he_o put_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o aâ—my_n consist_v of_o thirty-thousand_a man_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1609_o muscovy_n king_n sigismond_n 〈◊〉_d muscovy_n in_o august_n pass_v the_o river_n borysthenes_n enter_v the_o territory_n of_o muscovy_n it_o be_v without_o all_o dispute_n that_o if_o pursuant_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o his_o council_n he_o have_v march_v direct_o to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o demetrian_a army_n attack_v that_o city_n or_o at_o least_o block_v it_o up_o more_o close_o than_o before_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v already_o reduce_v to_o great_a strait_n for_o want_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n will_v soon_o have_v be_v force_v to_o abandon_v zuski_n and_o to_o embrace_v his_o party_n which_o do_v it_o will_v have_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n to_o suppress_v demetrius_n by_o draw_v from_o his_o side_n the_o cosack_n and_o pole_n the_o main_a if_o not_o the_o only_a strength_n of_o his_o army_n by_o great_a reward_n and_o thus_o either_o to_o render_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n or_o at_o least_o by_o come_v to_o a_o composition_n with_o demetrius_n to_o unite_v all_o the_o muscovian_a province_n border_v on_o lithuania_n and_o poland_n with_o his_o crown_n but_o instead_o of_o follow_v these_o wholesome_a counsel_n he_o take_v quite_o contrary_a measure_n which_o render_v his_o whole_a design_n abortive_a and_o lose_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n as_o he_o himself_o by_o his_o own_o mismanagement_n have_v lose_v that_o of_o sweden_n it_o have_v be_v insinuate_v to_o he_o that_o if_o he_o will_v march_v to_o smolensko_n the_o capital_a of_o the_o province_n of_o the_o same_o name_n it_o will_v be_v surrender_v into_o his_o hand_n at_o his_o first_o appear_v before_o it_o this_o city_n which_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o borysthenes_n and_o surround_v with_o a_o very_a good_a wall_n of_o stone_n and_o brick_n be_v in_o those_o day_n much_o large_a than_o it_o be_v now_o it_o have_v be_v much_o alter_v from_o its_o former_a beauty_n and_o wealth_n by_o the_o various_a chance_n of_o war_n and_o though_o it_o have_v no_o outwork_n or_o ditch_n yet_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o very_a numerous_a garrison_n consist_v of_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n beside_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o number_n amount_v to_o as_o many_o if_o not_o more_o that_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n the_o weywode_n or_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n be_v one_o michael_n sehin_n a_o intimate_a friend_n of_o zuski_n who_o be_v sufficient_o provide_v with_o ammunition_n artillery_n provision_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o a_o long_a siege_n be_v resolve_v to_o defend_v it_o to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o blood_n know_v it_o to_o be_v the_o only_a place_n of_o importance_n in_o the_o whole_a empire_n which_o remain_v steadfast_a in_o the_o interest_n of_o zuski_n sigismond_n be_v misguide_v by_o some_o of_o his_o flatter_a courtier_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v pass_v the_o borysthenes_n resolve_v upon_o a_o hasty_a march_n and_o be_v cajole_v into_o a_o belief_n that_o he_o be_v rather_o go_v to_o receive_v than_o force_n smolensko_n leave_v all_o his_o cannon_n behind_o he_o march_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n towards_o that_o city_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o it_o but_o â—he_v find_v himself_o miserable_o mistake_v both_o in_o his_o intelligence_n and_o purpose_n the_o garrison_n make_v a_o furious_a sally_n upon_o he_o and_o be_v afterward_o summon_v to_o surrender_v by_o sapiha_n the_o chancellor_n of_o lithuania_n the_o weywodâ—_n sehin_n reject_v his_o offer_n with_o scorn_n there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o army_n who_o advise_v the_o king_n not_o to_o hazard_v his_o army_n in_o the_o siege_n of_o a_o place_n which_o be_v provide_v with_o a_o numerous_a garrison_n and_o resolute_a in_o its_o defence_n will_v prove_v a_o work_n of_o great_a difficulty_n to_o gain_v but_o to_o take_v hold_n of_o this_o favourable_a juncture_n which_o invite_v he_o to_o musco_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o empire_n before_o they_o be_v reinforce_v with_o the_o swedish_n auxiliary_n but_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o lithuanian_a chancellor_n and_o his_o friend_n be_v most_o prevail_a who_o remonstrate_v that_o a_o few_o month_n will_v reduce_v so_o 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be_v judge_v most_o advisable_a to_o change_v the_o blockado_n into_o a_o formal_a siege_n for_o which_o purpose_n smolensko_n sigismond_n besieges_fw-fr smolensko_n the_o king_n have_v order_v his_o cannon_n for_o battery_n and_o other_o instrument_n for_o a_o siege_n to_o be_v carry_v thither_o out_o of_o lithuania_n the_o city_n be_v besiege_v in_o due_a form_n the_o king_n be_v attack_v be_v carry_v on_o on_o the_o westside_n of_o the_o place_n his_o quarter_n extend_v from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n borysthenes_n to_o the_o south_n the_o attack_z of_o the_o cosack_n be_v on_o the_o east-side_n their_o quarter_n reach_v from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o same_o river_n the_o sieur_n potocki_n palatine_n of_o braclow_n have_v his_o post_n assign_v he_o on_o the_o north-side_n on_o the_o opposite_a shore_n of_o the_o borysthenes_n to_o prevent_v any_o succour_n from_o come_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o
town_n that_o way_n but_o the_o besieger_n advance_v but_o slow_o in_o their_o work_n for_o want_n of_o foot_n for_o though_o the_o king_n have_v late_o receive_v a_o reinforcement_n of_o five_o thousand_o cosack_n yet_o there_o be_v not_o above_o ten_o thousand_o foot_n in_o his_o whole_a army_n which_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o polander_n be_v chief_o compose_v of_o horse_n these_o bear_v no_o proportion_n to_o so_o numerous_a a_o garrison_n they_o be_v continual_o harrass_v by_o the_o frequent_a sally_n of_o the_o besiege_a who_o often_o drive_v they_o from_o their_o trench_n before_o they_o can_v be_v second_v by_o their_o horse_n their_o approach_n be_v thus_o carry_v on_o not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n a_o considerable_a time_n be_v spend_v before_o they_o can_v possess_v themselves_o of_o some_o advantageous_a post_n near_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v very_o convenient_a for_o the_o besieger_n to_o fetch_v in_o their_o supply_n of_o fresh_a 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body_n the_o enemy_n may_v easy_o intercept_v their_o passage_n or_o at_o least_o be_v very_o troublesome_a to_o they_o in_o their_o march_n wherefore_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o mutual_a consent_n to_o keep_v together_o till_o they_o come_v to_o volock_n where_o every_o body_n shall_v be_v at_o his_o disposal_n to_o take_v what_o way_n he_o find_v most_o convenient_a for_o his_o purpose_n according_a to_o this_o resolution_n up_o the_o demetrian_a campbroke_n up_o they_o set_v fire_n to_o their_o camp_n which_o for_o the_o regularity_n of_o its_o street_n variety_n of_o structure_n and_o all_o other_o conveniency_n resemble_v rather_o a_o great_a city_n than_o a_o camp_n all_o which_o be_v sâ—on_o consume_v by_o the_o flame_n they_o march_v in_o good_a order_n with_o their_o cannon_n bag_n and_o baggage_n to_o the_o abovementioned_a place_n where_o rosinski_n and_o zlarowski_n with_o some_o thousand_o horse_n and_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o cosack_n have_v declare_v for_o king_n 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to_o moulder_v away_o to_o nothing_o by_o the_o intestine_a dissension_n of_o their_o general_n and_o the_o carelessness_n of_o their_o martial_a discipline_n but_o more_o especial_o by_o the_o mismanagement_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o by_o the_o unseasonable_a distraction_n occasion_v by_o his_o recall_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o the_o demetrian_a camp_n be_v the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o the_o deliverance_n of_o the_o muscovite_n to_o his_o great_a detriment_n for_o the_o enemy_n who_o before_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o maintain_v himself_o within_o the_o wall_n of_o musco_n be_v now_o free_v from_o that_o thorn_n that_o stick_v so_o deep_a in_o his_o flesh_n soon_o gather_v new_a strength_n for_o that_o the_o king_n who_o may_v if_o he_o have_v give_v due_a encouragement_n to_o have_v demetrius_n prosecute_v the_o war_n at_o the_o expense_n and_o danger_n of_o other_o or_o at_o least_o have_v share_v both_o with_o they_o by_o his_o obstinate_a perseverance_n in_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n draw_v the_o whole_a burden_n of_o the_o war_n upon_o his_o own_o shoulder_n and_o thus_o rob_v himself_o of_o the_o glory_n and_o advantage_n of_o make_v himself_o the_o arbitrator_n betwixt_o both_o the_o contend_a party_n this_o memorable_a siege_n be_v raise_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o march_n in_o the_o year_n 1610._o the_o citizen_n of_o musco_n see_v themselves_o thus_o deliver_v from_o their_o troublesome_a neighbour_n begin_v now_o to_o assume_v new_a courage_n and_o vigour_n and_o have_v drive_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o peresla_n and_o alexandria_n most_o of_o the_o province_n which_o be_v revolt_v to_o demetrius_n now_o again_o declare_v for_o zuski_n offer_v considerable_a supply_n and_o promise_v their_o utmost_a assistance_n in_o chase_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o muscovy_n zuski_n have_v conceive_v new_a hope_n of_o success_n from_o the_o zeal_n of_o his_o subject_n march_v to_o the_o riâ—er_n wolga_n where_o he_o recover_v all_o the_o place_n as_o yet_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o demetrian_o and_o force_v sapiha_n who_o as_o we_o mention_v before_o remain_v steadfast_a in_o the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o the_o strong_a convent_n of_o troitza_n rosinski_n after_o his_o separation_n from_o sapiha_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o demetrian_a force_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o volock_n and_o the_o strong_a convent_n of_o ossipow_n both_o which_o he_o have_v provide_v with_o a_o good_a garrison_n have_v send_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o troop_n under_o the_o command_n of_o zlarowski_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n before_o smolensko_n he_o himself_o be_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o indisposition_n occasion_v by_o a_o hurt_n he_o receive_v before_o musco_n detain_v at_o volock_n his_o distemper_n increase_v every_o day_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o distraction_n of_o his_o mind_n create_v by_o his_o late_a ill_a success_n he_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v more_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o his_o grief_n than_o of_o his_o malady_n which_o deprive_v he_o of_o his_o life_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n die_v rosinski_n die_v at_o that_o very_a time_n when_o the_o zuskians_n be_v approach_v the_o place_n in_o order_n to_o besiege_v it_o volviowitz_n the_o zuskian_n general_n have_v soon_o receive_v intelligence_n of_o the_o death_n of_o rosinski_n hasten_v his_o march_n and_o have_v immediate_o cause_v the_o town_n to_o be_v attack_v with_o vigour_n the_o garrison_n all_o in_o a_o distraction_n by_o the_o death_n of_o their_o general_n surrender_v it_o in_o a_o few_o day_n without_o make_v any_o considerable_a resistance_n from_o thence_o he_o turn_v his_o arm_n to_o ossipoâ—_n which_o he_o also_o take_v but_o not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o men._n for_o this_o place_n be_v garrison_v by_o a_o thousand_o french_a and_o german_n they_o beat_v off_o the_o muscovite_n in_o several_a bloody_a assault_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o turn_v the_o siege_n into_o a_o blockade_n which_o have_v reduce_v the_o garrison_n to_o the_o last_o extremity_n for_o want_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n they_o take_v a_o resolution_n rather_o to_o force_v their_o way_n with_o their_o sword_n in_o their_o hand_n through_o the_o enemy_n than_o tame_o to_o surrender_v upon_o dishonourable_a condition_n they_o choose_v midnight_n as_o the_o fit_a time_n for_o the_o exploit_n when_o have_v refresh_v themselves_o with_o what_o provision_n there_o be_v leave_v and_o have_v take_v their_o farewell_n of_o one_o another_o by_o embrace_n and_o drink_v each_o a_o cup_n of_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la they_o make_v a_o sally_n out_o of_o the_o gate_n which_o lead_v to_o smolensko_n and_o like_a man_n resolve_v to_o die_v attack_v the_o muscovite_n in_o their_o post_n with_o a_o unparalleled_a bravery_n of_o who_o a_o great_a many_o be_v kill_v before_o they_o can_v be_v relieve_v by_o fresh_a troop_n when_o their_o number_n increase_v continual_o they_o kill_v most_o of_o the_o garrison_n but_o not_o without_o great_a slaughter_n on_o their_o side_n two_o hundred_o only_o escape_v to_o king_n sigismund_n camp_n and_o the_o rest_n sell_v their_o life_n so_o dear_o that_o some_o thousand_o of_o the_o muscovite_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o place_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v make_v several_a fruitless_a attack_n upon_o the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n the_o garrison_n of_o which_o place_v defend_v itself_o with_o a_o most_o gallant_a resolution_n the_o attempt_n which_o be_v make_v at_o the_o gate_n of_o s._n michael_n by_o one_o nowodorski_n a_o polander_n and_o captain_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n deserve_v among_o the_o rest_n a_o particular_a remembrance_n here_o for_o he_o have_v fasten_v a_o petard_n to_o the_o abovementioned_a gate_n lay_v open_v a_o passage_n into_o the_o town_n and_o with_o a_o few_o young_a polish_v nobleman_n enter_v the_o city_n with_o their_o scimitar_n draw_v cut_v down_o all_o before_o they_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o if_o they_o have_v be_v vigorous_o second_v by_o the_o rest_n the_o place_n must_v have_v infallible_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n sigismond_n but_o most_o of_o they_o not_o dare_v to_o follow_v he_o and_o his_o small_a company_n be_v overpower_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o flock_v to_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o gate_n yet_o they_o make_v good_a their_o retreat_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o two_o only_a of_o their_o companion_n leave_v behind_o they_o most_o evident_a proof_n of_o their_o valour_n among_o the_o muscovite_n they_o be_v now_o forewarn_v take_v care_n to_o block_n up_o their_o gate_n with_o earth_n and_o make_v deep_a trench_n before_o they_o to_o prevent_v their_o be_v surprise_v upon_o the_o same_o account_n for_o the_o future_a zuski_n be_v flush_v with_o the_o variety_n of_o these_o success_n and_o have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n of_o above_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n all_o choose_a troop_n a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o be_v german_n swede_n and_o french_a be_v resolve_v to_o push_v on_o his_o fortune_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o clear_a muscovy_n both_o of_o its_o foreign_a and_o domestic_a enemy_n if_o he_o have_v bend_v his_o whole_a force_n against_o demetrius_n who_o at_o thatâ—time_o lay_v with_o the_o remnant_n of_o his_o army_n near_o caluga_n there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o that_o he_o may_v have_v destroy_v he_o and_o his_o party_n past_o all_o recovery_n but_o despise_v his_o small_a number_n he_o commit_v the_o care_n of_o they_o to_o his_o tartarian_a troop_n whilst_o he_o with_o the_o main_a army_n march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o smolensko_n king_n sigismond_n have_v receive_v timely_a intelligence_n of_o their_o design_n be_v not_o unprepared_a for_o their_o reception_n and_o have_v send_v stanislaus_n zolkievitski_n with_o ten_o thousand_o man_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o some_o advantageous_a post_n near_o clusin_n he_o resolve_v there_o to_o expect_v the_o enemy_n not_o many_o day_n be_v pass_v before_o the_o muscovite_n be_v advance_v within_o sight_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o pursuant_n to_o a_o resolution_n take_v in_o a_o council_n of_o war_n the_o whole_a army_n be_v draw_v out_o in_o order_n of_o battle_n to_o attack_v in_o their_o advantage_n the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o zuskian_n army_n be_v compose_v of_o muscovite_n the_o right_n of_o swede_n french_a and_o a_o good_a number_n of_o tartarian_a horse_n the_o main_a body_n consist_v most_o of_o german_n and_o some_o other_o mercenary_a soldier_n the_o pole_n be_v much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o muscovite_n but_o trust_v upon_o their_o courage_n and_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n they_o receive_v the_o enemy_n with_o great_a bravery_n who_o confide_v in_o their_o number_n attack_v they_o with_o incredible_a fury_n the_o fight_n be_v very_o bloody_a and_o remain_v doubtful_a for_o some_o
part_n of_o the_o day_n for_o though_o the_o pole_n soon_o rout_v the_o left_a wing_n command_v by_o the_o brother_n of_o zuski_n yet_o the_o swede_n and_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o right_o fight_v it_o out_o very_o gallant_o and_o the_o german_n in_o the_o main_a body_n be_v place_v upon_o a_o ground_n full_a of_o shrub_n and_o other_o rubbage_n where_o the_o polish_v horse_n can_v not_o advance_v without_o great_a difficulty_n repulse_v they_o several_a time_n with_o great_a slaughter_n till_o at_o last_o the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o muscovite_n army_n be_v bring_v first_o into_o confusion_n and_o afterward_o total_o rout_v the_o german_a foot_n see_v themselves_o deprive_v of_o the_o assistance_n of_o their_o horse_n rout_v zuski_n rout_v and_o on_o all_o side_n surround_v by_o the_o pole_n give_v the_o signal_n for_o parley_n which_o be_v ready_o grant_v by_o king_n sigismond_n and_o the_o hostage_n interchange_v it_o be_v agree_v that_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v willing_a to_o enter_v into_o pay_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n shall_v be_v entertain_v by_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o respective_a station_n the_o rest_n to_o remain_v prisoner_n of_o war._n scarce_o have_v the_o treaty_n be_v sign_v and_o be_v just_a upon_o the_o point_n of_o be_v execute_v when_o de_fw-fr la_fw-fr garde_n who_o command_v the_o swedish_n auxiliary_n in_o hope_n that_o the_o german_a foot_n have_v maintain_v their_o ground_n have_v rally_v the_o wing_n that_o be_v break_v before_o return_v to_o the_o place_n of_o battle_n but_o be_v inform_v of_o what_o have_v pass_v he_o entreat_v the_o german_n to_o return_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o horse_n to_o the_o charge_n but_o these_o be_v deaf_a to_o all_o his_o admonition_n and_o persuasion_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o treaty_n so_o late_o make_v with_o the_o pole_n who_o thereupon_o afresh_o attack_v the_o muscovite_n horse_n entire_o rout_v they_o a_o second_o 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most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n show_v a_o great_a inclination_n to_o a_o surrender_n upon_o such_o honourable_a term_n as_o be_v offer_v by_o king_n sigismond_n but_o sehin_n their_o weywode_n be_v a_o man_n of_o a_o undaunted_a courage_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o any_o proposition_n though_o never_o so_o advantageous_a and_o have_v represent_v to_o they_o that_o their_o condition_n be_v such_o as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o stop_v the_o career_n of_o the_o victorious_a pole_n and_o to_o their_o eternal_a glory_n to_o deserve_v the_o honour_n of_o have_v uphold_v the_o decline_a fate_n of_o their_o country_n against_o its_o mortal_a enemy_n they_o unanimous_o resolve_v to_o defend_v themselves_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o muscovite_n begin_v to_o feel_v the_o direful_a effect_n of_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o battle_n for_o sapiha_n now_o the_o demetrian_a general_n have_v rout_v the_o muscovian_a tartar_n near_a twitza_n and_o cut_v to_o piece_n another_o considerable_a body_n of_o their_o troop_n at_o borowsko_n king_n sigismond_n have_v get_v notice_n that_o volviowitz_n the_o zuskian_n general_n be_v after_o the_o last_o defeat_n retire_v with_o a_o body_n of_o ten_o thousand_o man_n under_o czarow_n send_v thither_o part_n of_o his_o army_n the_o very_a sight_n of_o which_o so_o terrify_v the_o muscovite_n that_o without_o strike_v one_o blow_n they_o surrender_v to_o the_o conquerour_n discretion_n the_o demetrian_a army_n begin_v to_o approach_v a_o second_o time_n their_o capital_a city_n and_o the_o pole_n have_v detatch_v a_o considerable_a body_n from_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n who_o they_o expect_v to_o see_v every_o day_n at_o their_o gate_n the_o worst_a of_o all_o be_v that_o in_o the_o last_o battle_n they_o have_v lose_v the_o flower_n of_o their_o army_n and_o most_o of_o their_o foreign_a auxiliary_n in_o who_o they_o most_o confide_v the_o german_n have_v take_v service_n among_o the_o pole_n so_o that_o have_v not_o the_o least_o prospect_n of_o repair_v their_o ruin_a troop_n nor_o any_o other_o mean_v leave_v to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o power_n of_o two_o army_n that_o be_v on_o their_o march_n to_o besiege_v they_o more_o close_o than_o ever_o they_o be_v at_o the_o great_a plunge_v how_o to_o extricate_v themselves_o out_o of_o these_o impend_a misery_n after_o various_a debate_n among_o the_o noble_n who_o most_o take_v to_o heart_n the_o present_a miserable_a state_n of_o their_o country_n they_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o same_o state_n policy_n which_o have_v prove_v successful_a to_o their_o affair_n before_o to_o wit_n to_o try_v whether_o by_o raise_v new_a division_n among_o the_o pole_n and_o demetrians_n they_o may_v not_o find_v once_o more_o a_o opportunity_n to_o save_v themselves_o from_o this_o imminent_a danger_n which_o if_o not_o soon_o prevent_v threaten_v their_o infallible_a destruction_n to_o encompass_v this_o design_n it_o be_v propose_v to_o seize_v upon_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n and_o to_o give_v it_o out_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o put_v vladislaus_n the_o son_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n upon_o the_o throne_n of_o muscovy_n that_o thereby_o they_o shall_v infallible_o ruin_v the_o interest_n of_o demetrius_n and_o consequent_o rid_v themselves_o of_o a_o vile_a impostor_n who_o very_a name_n be_v become_v odious_a to_o they_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n restore_v immediate_o peace_n to_o their_o harrassed_a country_n it_o be_v represent_v that_o though_o they_o ought_v to_o look_v upon_o the_o pole_n as_o their_o most_o dreadful_a and_o mortal_a enemy_n that_o nevertheless_o their_o only_a business_n be_v now_o to_o get_v time_n and_o to_o breathe_v a_o little_a the_o pole_n inveigle_v by_o their_o fair_a promise_n will_v soon_o become_v secure_a and_o furnish_v they_o with_o a_o opportunity_n either_o quite_o to_o elude_v the_o election_n of_o vladislaus_n or_o if_o that_o be_v not_o think_v advisable_v they_o may_v find_v sufficient_a mean_n at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o to_o rid_v their_o hand_n of_o he_o under_o pretence_n of_o his_o childhood_n which_o if_o well_o time_v they_o may_v make_v use_n of_o so_o favourable_a a_o juncture_n to_o endeavour_v to_o return_v their_o government_n into_o its_o ancient_a channel_n from_o whence_o it_o have_v be_v divert_v by_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o their_o enemy_n and_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o all_o the_o misery_n they_o have_v endure_v of_o late_a this_o design_n lay_v upon_o deep_a reason_n of_o state_n succeed_v at_o last_o according_a to_o their_o expectation_n by_o the_o mismanagement_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v by_o the_o good_a conduct_n of_o the_o muscovite_n not_o long_o after_o oblige_v to_o leave_v that_o empire_n and_o restore_v to_o it_o that_o repose_v which_o with_o vast_a expense_n and_o the_o effusion_n of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o blood_n they_o have_v rob_v it_o of_o for_o near_o twenty_o year_n before_o the_o muscovian_a boyar_n and_o noble_n have_v thus_o concert_v measure_n among_o themselves_o according_a to_o which_o the_o ruin_n of_o zuski_n be_v resolve_v on_o as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o encompass_v the_o intend_a deliverance_n of_o their_o native_a country_n it_o be_v by_o their_o instigation_n whisper_v about_o among_o the_o populace_n how_o that_o basili_n zuski_n the_o present_a great_a duke_n aught_o to_o be_v consider_v as_o the_o chief_a author_n of_o all_o their_o misfortune_n who_o by_o his_o sorcery_n and_o tyranny_n have_v draw_v down_o upon_o the_o people_n of_o muscovy_n the_o vengeance_n of_o god_n almighty_n and_o that_o by_o his_o miscarriage_n they_o be_v again_o plunge_v into_o these_o misery_n wherewith_o they_o see_v themselves_o environ_v past_o all_o redemption_n unless_o they_o take_v new_a measure_n for_o their_o common_a safety_n zuski_n have_v since_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n render_v his_o government_n
and_o the_o acclamation_n of_o the_o people_n as_o a_o further_a pledge_n of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o to_o remove_v all_o the_o shadow_n of_o dissimulation_n from_o themselves_o they_o sacrifice_v zuski_n and_o his_o two_o brother_n to_o the_o present_a exigency_n of_o the_o state_n who_o be_v surrender_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o zolkievitzki_n and_o by_o his_o direction_n send_v to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n where_o the_o unfortunate_a zuski_n pole_n zuski_n surrender_v to_o the_o pole_n with_o one_o of_o his_o brother_n after_o have_v be_v force_v to_o adorn_v the_o triumph_n of_o king_n sigismond_n and_o zolkievitzki_n end_v his_o day_n in_o prison_n as_o will_v appear_v out_o of_o the_o follow_a chapter_n chap._n iii_o contain_v a_o full_a relation_n of_o the_o revolution_n which_o happen_v in_o muscovy_n from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n of_o uladislaus_n son_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n till_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o michael_n federowitz_n the_o present_a czar_n grandfather_n zolkievitzki_n the_o polish_v general_n have_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o new_a great_a duke_n vladislaus_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n and_o the_o royal_a palace_n with_o a_o guard_n of_o a_o thousand_o pole_n it_o be_v unanimous_o resolve_v to_o send_v a_o splendid_a embassy_n to_o king_n sigismond_n before_o smolensko_n to_o make_v a_o tender_a of_o the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n to_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n and_o to_o desire_v his_o confirmation_n of_o the_o article_n agree_v on_o betwixt_o the_o russian_n and_o the_o polish_v general_n the_o embassy_n be_v compose_v of_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a boyar_n of_o the_o empire_n attend_v with_o a_o most_o magnificent_a and_o numerous_a train_n they_o be_v receive_v with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a honour_n by_o king_n sigismond_n who_o send_v out_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o horse_n from_o before_o smolensko_n with_o all_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n and_o his_o courtier_n to_o receive_v they_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o camp_n be_v introduce_v into_o the_o king_n presence_n they_o address_v themselves_o in_o a_o speech_n full_a of_o flattery_n and_o dissimulation_n uladislaus_n the_o muscovite_n tender_v the_o crown_n to_o uladislaus_n under_o which_o they_o hide_v their_o secret_a aversion_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o tell_v he_o how_o overjoy_v they_o be_v to_o see_v that_o day_n which_o they_o hope_v will_v restore_v tranquillity_n to_o their_o harrassed_a country_n by_o the_o choice_n they_o have_v late_o make_v of_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n for_o their_o great_a duke_n humble_o beseech_v the_o king_n that_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o near_a interest_n he_o now_o have_v in_o their_o preservation_n he_o will_v vouchsafe_v to_o take_v they_o and_o their_o afflict_a country_n into_o his_o royal_a protection_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o revive_v the_o former_a flourish_a state_n of_o the_o russian_a empire_n which_o have_v be_v reduce_v to_o the_o very_a brink_n of_o ruin_n by_o their_o intestine_a division_n that_o their_o late_a election_n have_v be_v unanimous_a and_o found_v upon_o hope_n of_o their_o future_a felicity_n they_o beg_v of_o his_o majesty_n not_o to_o deny_v they_o their_o earnest_a request_n but_o to_o send_v as_o soon_o as_o possible_o may_v be_v their_o prince_n into_o russia_n in_o order_n to_o let_v they_o enjoy_v the_o comfort_n of_o his_o presence_n and_o protection_n and_o to_o complete_a their_o election_n by_o crown_v he_o great_a duke_n and_o emperor_n with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n in_o the_o royal_a city_n of_o musco_n they_o relate_v to_o he_o the_o condition_n upon_o which_o he_o be_v to_o be_v receive_v as_o we_o have_v relate_v they_o in_o the_o forego_n chapter_n they_o enlarge_v themselves_o much_o in_o praise_n of_o the_o greek_a religion_n and_o how_o necessary_a it_o will_v be_v for_o the_o prince_n to_o accommodate_v himself_o to_o the_o rite_n of_o the_o muscovian_a church_n which_o they_o say_v aught_o to_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o foundation-stone_n of_o that_o monarchy_n from_o whence_o depend_v the_o common_a safety_n both_o of_o prince_n and_o people_n all_o which_o they_o recommend_v to_o his_o royal_a wisdom_n king_n sigismond_n who_o be_v not_o ignorant_a that_o these_o subtle_a insinuation_n proceed_v more_o from_o the_o present_a necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n than_o any_o good_a will_v either_o to_o himself_o or_o the_o polish_v nation_n be_v not_o want_v to_o give_v they_o a_o answer_v suitable_a to_o the_o present_a occasion_n and_o have_v receive_v their_o message_n with_o a_o very_a serene_a countenance_n and_o seem_a gladness_n he_o answer_v they_o in_o general_a term_n that_o he_o can_v not_o but_o receive_v the_o honour_n confer_v upon_o his_o son_n by_o the_o offer_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o so_o great_a a_o empire_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o gladness_n but_o that_o as_o the_o chief_a satisfaction_n he_o take_v in_o their_o election_n be_v their_o unanimous_a consent_n so_o he_o assure_v they_o that_o he_o shall_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o indispensible_a obligation_n to_o assist_v at_o all_o time_n hereafter_o their_o country_n with_o his_o aid_n and_o counsel_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o hope_v a_o mutual_a good_a correspondency_n may_v be_v establish_v betwixt_o thâ—se_a two_o potent_a neighbour_a crown_n of_o muscovy_n and_o poland_n to_o their_o mutual_a advantage_n and_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o particular_n of_o the_o treaty_n they_o be_v of_o such_o a_o nature_n as_o to_o deserve_v a_o particular_a consideration_n he_o will_v after_o have_v well_o weigh_v the_o matter_n send_v his_o full_a instruction_n to_o his_o general_n zolkievitzki_n resident_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n with_o who_o the_o whole_a matter_n may_v be_v complete_v at_o their_o own_o home_n to_o the_o satisfaction_n as_o he_o hope_v of_o both_o party_n the_o ambassador_n be_v in_o all_o outward_a appearance_n very_o well_o satisfy_v with_o this_o answer_n there_o pass_v abundance_n of_o caress_n betwixt_o they_o and_o the_o polish_v lord_n by_o who_o they_o be_v sumptuous_o feast_v at_o sundry_a time_n with_o such_o mutual_a profession_n of_o friendship_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v but_o one_o people_n the_o same_o kindness_n be_v show_v betwixt_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pole_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n whereby_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v inveigle_v into_o a_o profound_a security_n the_o pole_n find_v mean_n by_o degree_n to_o creep_v into_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o number_n of_o six_o or_o seven_o thousand_o which_o afterward_o prove_v fatal_a to_o that_o city_n the_o ambassador_n have_v not_o long_o after_o demand_v their_o audience_n of_o leave_n from_o sigismond_n in_o order_n to_o their_o departure_n the_o king_n in_o return_n to_o their_o demand_n ask_v from_o they_o the_o surrender_n of_o smolensko_n in_o the_o name_n of_o prince_n vladislaus_n elect_v and_o proclaim_v great_a duke_n of_o russia_n unto_o which_o they_o have_v answer_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o of_o it_o in_o their_o instruction_n and_o that_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n the_o russian_n will_v be_v unwilling_a to_o surrender_v a_o place_n of_o such_o importance_n till_o the_o great_a duke_n be_v come_v in_o person_n to_o the_o capital_a city_n and_o crown_v and_o swear_v to_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o beforementioned_a article_n they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o depart_v till_o further_a order_n for_o king_n sigismond_n have_v full_o weigh_v the_o whole_a state_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o especial_o their_o refusal_n of_o the_o surrender_n of_o smolensko_n begin_v to_o be_v more_o and_o more_o convince_v of_o their_o fraudulent_a deal_n and_o know_v that_o it_o be_v not_o their_o free_a choice_n but_o the_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o their_o affair_n that_o have_v raise_v his_o son_n to_o the_o throne_n he_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n to_o fear_v that_o when_o he_o have_v withdraw_v his_o force_n out_o of_o muscovy_n they_o will_v make_v their_o advantage_n by_o the_o unexperience_n of_o his_o son_n and_o justle_v he_o out_o of_o the_o throne_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v forbear_v to_o send_v he_o till_o he_o come_v to_o his_o ripe_a year_n they_o will_v from_o thence_o without_o question_n take_v occasion_n to_o recall_v their_o choice_n and_o elect_v another_o in_o his_o stead_n and_o consider_v that_o he_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o such_o strait_n as_o have_v make_v they_o take_v those_o measure_n so_o little_a suitable_a to_o their_o incination_n but_o mere_o invent_v to_o disentangle_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o present_a distress_n he_o look_v upon_o it_o not_o only_o as_o inglorious_a by_o accept_v their_o condition_n to_o receive_v instead_o of_o impose_v law_n upon_o they_o but_o also_o quite_o inconsistent_a with_o his_o own_o interest_n and_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o son_n all_o his_o thought_n therefore_o be_v bend_v upon_o the_o siege_n
of_o smolensko_n which_o when_o take_v he_o suppose_v he_o may_v appear_v among_o they_o as_o a_o conqueror_n and_o prescribe_v such_o law_n to_o the_o deceitful_a muscovite_n as_o shall_v be_v most_o consistent_a both_o with_o his_o honour_n and_o safety_n this_o be_v the_o resolution_n of_o sigismond_n but_o his_o able_a counsellor_n be_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a opinion_n for_o though_o they_o be_v no_o less_o satisfy_v in_o the_o deceitful_a intention_n of_o the_o muscovite_n than_o the_o king_n himself_o yet_o do_v they_o not_o judge_v it_o advisable_v to_o drive_v matter_n to_o extremity_n and_o to_o commit_v that_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o the_o sword_n which_o may_v be_v obtain_v without_o opposition_n they_o represent_v to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o conquest_n of_o so_o vast_a a_o empire_n can_v not_o be_v obtain_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o much_o blood_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o vast_a treasure_n whereas_o if_o what_o have_v be_v swear_v to_o by_o zolkievitzki_n by_o the_o king_n order_n be_v confirm_v he_o may_v in_o one_o day_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o all_o muscovy_n they_o advise_v he_o therefore_o not_o to_o give_v the_o opportunity_n to_o a_o unstable_a people_n to_o take_v new_a measure_n who_o perhaps_o when_o drive_v to_o despair_n may_v side_n with_o demetrius_n which_o will_v take_v away_o all_o his_o pretence_n of_o invade_v that_o empire_n since_o he_o have_v undertake_v his_o expedition_n under_o the_o pretext_n of_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o recovery_n of_o his_o right_n but_o to_o send_v prince_n vladislaus_n assist_v by_o a_o good_a body_n of_o troop_n and_o some_o able_a counsellor_n to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v and_o crown_v great_a duke_n russia_n may_v with_o their_o assistance_n easy_o elude_v the_o practice_n of_o the_o muscovite_n that_o by_o this_o mean_n smolensko_fw-mi will_v fall_v on_o course_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o his_o army_n beside_o this_o may_v be_v pay_v all_o their_o arrear_n out_o of_o the_o great_a duke_n treasure_n as_o belong_v to_o vladislaus_n their_o prince_n who_o else_o as_o the_o case_n now_o stand_v will_v be_v a_o intolerable_a burden_n for_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o poland_n and_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o article_n they_o may_v without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v either_o quite_o evade_v or_o at_o least_o delay_v till_o the_o prince_n strengthen_v with_o fresh_a supply_n out_o of_o poland_n shall_v find_v himself_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o rule_v this_o false_a and_o stubborn_a people_n by_o such_o law_n as_o he_o shall_v judge_v most_o convenient_a and_o suitable_a to_o his_o own_o interest_n but_o these_o wholesome_a counsel_n have_v no_o great_a influence_n over_o the_o king_n who_o be_v prepossess_v with_o a_o vain_a punctilio_n of_o honour_n not_o to_o rise_v from_o before_o smolensko_n before_o it_o be_v take_v and_o with_o the_o pernicious_a insinuation_n of_o his_o flatterer_n who_o persuade_v he_o that_o the_o place_n be_v reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o hold_v out_o long_o against_o he_o he_o resolve_v to_o leave_v nothing_o unattempted_a which_o may_v contribute_v to_o the_o rendition_n or_o force_v of_o that_o important_a city_n for_o which_o reason_n he_o cause_v a_o new_a battery_n to_o be_v raise_v from_o whence_o and_o some_o other_o the_o pole_n fire_v so_o furious_o upon_o the_o town_n that_o after_o some_o time_n they_o lay_v flat_a a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o ruin_v two_o bastion_n storm_v smolensko_n storm_v upon_o which_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o assault_v the_o place_n which_o be_v execute_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bravery_n but_o those_o within_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o numerousness_n of_o the_o garrison_n have_v have_v sufficient_a time_n to_o raise_v strong_a retrenchment_n fortify_v with_o palisadoe_n and_o a_o good_a ditch_n behind_o the_o breach_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o able_a to_o lodge_v themselves_o in_o the_o breach_n notwithstanding_o their_o reiterated_a attack_n make_v with_o the_o great_a bravery_n imaginable_a be_v repulse_v with_o great_a slaughter_n after_o this_o ill_a success_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o muscovite_n who_o hitherto_o have_v but_o murmur_v and_o whisper_v their_o complaint_n begin_v to_o explain_v public_o against_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n the_o detain_v their_o ambassador_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o the_o outrage_n and_o insolence_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v get_v into_o the_o entire_a possession_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o principal_a port_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n commit_v violence_n upon_o the_o citizen_n their_o wife_n and_o saint_n at_o the_o last_o of_o which_o they_o shoot_v with_o their_o pistol_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n intolerable_a to_o people_n infatuate_v with_o superstition_n and_o zeal_n for_o their_o image_n will_v certain_o have_v produce_v violent_a commotion_n among_o they_o at_o that_o time_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v overawe_v by_o the_o great_a number_n of_o pole_n within_o the_o bowel_n of_o their_o own_o city_n and_o which_o be_v the_o most_o prevail_a that_o they_o see_v demetrius_n increase_v again_o in_o strength_n at_o caluga_n for_o zarucki_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o kazinowski_n prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o as_o we_o say_v before_o have_v leave_v he_o at_o his_o second_o retreat_n from_o before_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n find_v their_o reception_n to_o bear_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o reward_n they_o propose_v to_o themselves_o from_o king_n sigismond_n and_o see_v themselves_o despise_v by_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v since_o return_v to_o the_o service_n of_o demetrius_n who_o countenance_v by_o their_o return_n begin_v to_o look_v up_o again_o and_o have_v draw_v new_a supply_n out_o of_o the_o adjacent_a place_n begin_v to_o appear_v formidable_a at_o caluga_n and_o will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n have_v once_o more_o appear_v in_o the_o field_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v prevent_v by_o his_o sudden_a and_o untimely_a death_n which_o happen_v thus_o kazinowski_n the_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o be_v late_o return_v to_o his_o service_n have_v give_v he_o great_a occasion_n of_o suspect_v his_o fidelity_n wherefore_o dâ—metrius_n to_o prevent_v the_o design_n which_o he_o believe_v to_o be_v form_v against_o his_o life_n by_o the_o say_a tartarian_a prince_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v throw_v into_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la and_o drown_v there_o the_o tartar_n but_o especial_o his_o guard_n enrage_v at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o prince_n resolve_v to_o revenge_v it_o upon_o demetrius_n with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n which_o be_v not_o long_o before_o they_o meet_v with_o it_o according_a to_o their_o intend_a design_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o dâ—trius_n ever_o since_o his_o last_o retreat_n from_o before_o musco_n be_v grow_v excessive_a melancholy_n which_o he_o be_v use_v to_o divert_v frequent_o 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toâ—e_v her_o hair_n and_o face_n and_o thus_o run_v into_o the_o street_n cry_v out_o like_o a_o distract_a creature_n either_o restore_v i_o my_o husband_n demetrius_n or_o else_o take_v pity_n of_o i_o and_o let_v the_o same_o sword_n that_o so_o barbarous_o murder_v he_o send_v i_o also_o to_o the_o grave_a after_o the_o first_o transport_v be_v a_o little_a over_o she_o run_v in_o great_a fury_n with_o a_o dagger_n in_o her_o hand_n to_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o call_v to_o those_o she_o know_v by_o their_o name_n dear_a friend_n say_v she_o either_o revenge_n the_o murder_n of_o my_o dear_a lord_n or_o at_o least_o do_v not_o refuse_v to_o do_v a_o act_n of_o charity_n towards_o i_o take_v here_o cry_v she_o this_o dagger_n and_o with_o it_o deliver_v i_o from_o that_o life_n which_o since_o the_o fatal_a end_n of_o my_o husband_n can_v but_o be_v loathsome_a and_o burdensome_a to_o i_o the_o cosack_n not_o able_a to_o resist_v the_o tear_n and_o prayer_n of_o this_o charm_a lady_n fall_v with_o great_a fury_n upon_o the_o tartar_n who_o they_o massacre_v wherever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o street_n and_o very_o few_o will_v have_v escape_v their_o fury_n have_v they_o not_o at_o last_o be_v appease_v by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o their_o leader_n zarucki_n after_o the_o cosack_n have_v sacrifice_v several_a hundred_o of_o the_o tartar_n to_o the_o mane_n of_o demetrius_n and_o the_o just_a resentment_n of_o marina_n demetrius_n a_o three_o demetrius_n those_o of_o caluga_n choose_v and_o proclaim_v the_o son_n of_o demetrius_n and_o marina_n emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o though_o it_o be_v most_o general_o believe_v that_o marina_n be_v barren_a and_o this_o pretend_a son_n a_o supposititious_a child_n yet_o zarucki_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n be_v willing_a to_o carry_v on_o the_o imposture_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o polish_v interest_n address_v himself_o to_o the_o russian_n offer_v they_o his_o aid_n with_o all_o 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pole_n within_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o capital_a city_n and_o the_o demetrian_a force_n at_o caluga_n they_o begin_v now_o to_o change_v face_n and_o to_o appear_v with_o another_o countenance_n for_o the_o muscovite_n after_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o polish_v general_n find_v king_n sigismond_n resolute_a in_o not_o send_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n into_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o see_v that_o both_o the_o captive_a zuski_n and_o their_o ambassador_n be_v send_v away_o prisoner_n into_o poland_n and_o that_o the_o king_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o supreme_a and_o absolute_a administration_n of_o affair_n put_v such_o officer_n into_o all_o place_n of_o trust_n as_o he_o think_v most_o convenient_a for_o his_o purpose_n they_o begin_v to_o conceive_v great_a jealousy_n and_o be_v now_o by_o the_o death_n of_o demetrius_n deliver_v from_o their_o fear_n on_o that_o side_n prepare_v for_o a_o open_a revolt_n in_o order_n to_o prevent_v their_o empire_n from_o become_v a_o province_n of_o poland_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o main_a design_n of_o king_n sigismond_n whilst_o he_o therefore_o waste_v himself_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n which_o he_o think_v ignominious_a to_o abandon_v before_o it_o be_v reduce_v and_o thereby_o let_v slip_v the_o most_o favourable_a opportunity_n in_o the_o world_n of_o establish_v his_o affair_n in_o that_o empire_n the_o muscovite_n have_v by_o his_o delay_n sufficient_a leisure_n give_v they_o to_o reunite_v themselves_o and_o make_v provision_n for_o their_o future_a security_n the_o first_o that_o appear_v in_o arm_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o spring_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o be_v one_o lepanovit_n a_o man_n of_o a_o great_a and_o ancient_a family_n in_o muscovy_n he_o have_v a_o great_a interest_n in_o the_o country_n have_v make_v secret_a levy_n and_o appear_v with_o a_o body_n near_o peresla_n invite_v and_o gain_v most_o of_o the_o boyar_n and_o nobility_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n into_o his_o party_n he_o also_o send_v his_o messenger_n into_o the_o more_o remote_a part_n to_o represent_v to_o his_o countryman_n the_o breach_n of_o faith_n of_o the_o pole_n how_o they_o have_v possess_v themselves_o of_o their_o capital_a city_n break_v the_o article_n agree_v on_o betwixt_o both_o nation_n by_o continue_v the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o not_o send_v their_o prince_n vladislaus_n into_o muscovy_n how_o that_o they_o not_o only_o keep_v the_o zuski_n but_o also_o their_o ambassador_n prisoner_n against_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n and_o in_o all_o other_o respect_n treat_v they_o not_o like_o a_o free_a people_n but_o as_o slave_n depend_v from_o the_o mercy_n of_o their_o conqueror_n he_o exhort_v they_o to_o shake_v off_o this_o foreign_a yoke_n and_o by_o give_v timely_a assistance_n to_o secure_v themselves_o and_o their_o posterity_n against_o the_o insolence_n of_o their_o mortal_a 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at_o that_o time_n much_o big_a than_o it_o ever_o be_v before_o or_o since_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a confluence_n of_o stranger_n who_o during_o these_o intestine_a commotion_n be_v retire_v thither_o out_o of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a province_n for_o sanctuary_n so_o that_o it_o be_v compute_v to_o comprehend_v in_o its_o circuit_n above_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o thousand_o house_n all_o this_o vast_a multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n be_v enrage_v to_o the_o high_a pitch_n against_o the_o pole_n be_v ready_a to_o lend_v a_o help_a hand_n to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n of_o the_o conspirator_n they_o only_o want_v a_o head_n to_o lead_v they_o on_o to_o put_v it_o in_o execution_n a_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n can_v not_o be_v carry_v on_o so_o private_o but_o that_o gaziowski_n who_o then_o command_v the_o pole_n in_o chief_a have_v timely_a notice_n of_o their_o project_v design_n but_o think_v it_o
the_o same_o novodorski_n who_o we_o mention_v before_o to_o have_v so_o brave_o attack_v the_o gate_n of_o s._n michael_n have_v not_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n for_o he_o have_v whilst_o they_o be_v engage_v upon_o the_o wall_n find_v mean_n to_o apply_v a_o petard_n at_o a_o certain_a small_a gate_n on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n he_o open_v a_o sufficient_a passage_n for_o he_o and_o the_o king_n guard_n which_o be_v under_o his_o command_n in_o the_o head_n of_o who_o he_o be_v second_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o lithuania_n dorostanski_n with_o some_o volunteer_n assault_v and_o enter_v the_o place_n and_o have_v slay_v a_o few_o who_o oppose_v their_o entrance_n they_o march_v without_o any_o further_a opposition_n direct_o to_o the_o marketplace_n where_o have_v fix_v their_o banner_n they_o soon_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n for_o the_o garrison_n who_o be_v engage_v with_o those_o upon_o the_o wall_n see_v the_o enemy_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o their_o city_n and_o infatuate_v with_o fear_n occasion_v by_o the_o suddenness_n of_o the_o adventure_n throw_v down_o their_o arm_n quit_v their_o station_n and_o leave_v a_o free_a passage_n for_o the_o besieger_n to_o enter_v in_o on_o all_o side_n upon_o they_o storm_n smolenskoâ—aken_v â—aken_z by_o storm_n in_o a_o moment_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o horror_n and_o confusion_n to_o be_v see_v throughout_o the_o city_n for_o the_o pole_n enrage_v at_o the_o long_a resistance_n of_o the_o besiege_a put_v all_o they_o meet_v to_o the_o sword_n man_n woman_n and_o child_n without_o distinction_n of_o age_n or_o sex_n so_o that_o the_o street_n be_v every_o where_o fill_v with_o blood_n and_o slaughter_n a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o citizen_n run_v with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n who_o make_v most_o horrible_a outcry_n to_o the_o great_a church_n where_o be_v assault_v by_o the_o pole_n they_o defend_v themselves_o valiant_o for_o some_o time_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v they_o set_v fire_n to_o some_o barrel_n of_o powder_n that_o have_v be_v lay_v up_o there_o and_o thus_o blow_v themselves_o with_o such_o of_o the_o pole_n as_o be_v enter_v into_o the_o air_n choose_v rather_o to_o perish_v by_o this_o furious_a element_n than_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o bloody_a and_o merciless_a enemy_n sehin_n the_o weywode_n or_o governour_n be_v retire_v with_o about_o twenty_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n into_o a_o little_a tower_n upon_o the_o wall_n where_o be_v surround_v and_o attack_v on_o all_o side_n by_o the_o pole_n they_o defend_v themselves_o like_o lion_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o surrender_v unless_o to_o one_o of_o the_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n the_o governor_n have_v use_v some_o of_o the_o polish_v prisoner_n very_o cruel_o so_o that_o dread_v the_o vengeance_n of_o the_o pole_n if_o he_o shall_v fall_v into_o their_o hand_n he_o be_v resolve_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o surrender_n to_o their_o mercy_n it_o happen_v very_o lucky_o that_o potocki_n a_o general_n officer_n among_o the_o pole_n advance_v near_o that_o way_n who_o have_v inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o resistance_n make_v by_o a_o few_o man_n word_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o it_o be_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n who_o refuse_v to_o surrender_v 〈◊〉_d to_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a officer_n upon_o which_o he_o come_v to_o the_o place_n where_o sehin_n with_o his_o comrade_n yield_v themselves_o immediate_o prisoner_n of_o war._n thus_o be_v this_o great_a city_n after_o have_v endure_v a_o siege_n of_o near_o two_o year_n take_v in_o a_o few_o hour_n in_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1611._o the_o honour_n of_o which_o ought_v chief_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o bravery_n and_o conduct_n of_o bartholomew_n novodorski_n knight_n of_o maltha_n and_o captain_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n who_o by_o his_o timely_a open_v a_o passage_n with_o his_o petard_n be_v the_o main_a instrument_n of_o the_o 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prosecute_a his_o victory_n resolve_v to_o turn_v his_o back_n to_o his_o new_a acquisition_n and_o to_o exchange_v the_o fair_a hope_n of_o gain_v a_o vast_a empire_n with_o the_o vain_a acclamation_n of_o his_o people_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o empty_a noise_n of_o triumph_n which_o â—â—st_n he_o no_o less_o than_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o mâ—scâ—â—iâ—n_a câ—â—â—n_n as_o â—is_n ill_a conduct_n have_v lose_v he_o some_o year_n before_o his_o hereditary_a kingdom_n of_o sweden_n have_v therefore_o feast_v the_o whole_a army_n for_o three_o day_n to_o make_v in_o some_o measure_n a_o atonement_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o booty_n and_o leave_v a_o body_n of_o troop_n under_o the_o command_n of_o charles_n chodkievitski_n for_o the_o guard_n of_o smolensko_n he_o himself_o return_v into_o poland_n to_o receive_v the_o flattery_n of_o his_o subject_n at_o the_o
next_o meet_v of_o the_o diet_n of_o that_o kingdom_n he_o be_v receive_v with_o all_o the_o pomp_n and_o ceremony_n due_a to_o a_o conqueror_n the_o estate_n be_v not_o spare_v in_o their_o address_n and_o congratulation_n many_o speech_n be_v make_v in_o the_o assembly_n in_o praise_n of_o the_o king_n who_o have_v add_v so_o great_a a_o province_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o the_o muscovian_a empire_n and_o get_v their_o great_a duke_n zuski_n in_o his_o custody_n sigismond_n himself_o be_v so_o intoxicate_v with_o these_o imaginary_a honour_n that_o he_o cause_v zolkievitzki_n who_o first_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n to_o make_v his_o solemn_a entry_n in_o triumph_n be_v attend_v by_o a_o most_o numerous_a and_o magnificent_a cavalcade_n and_o follow_v by_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n triumph_n basili_n zuski_n lâ—d_v in_o triumph_n who_o with_o his_o two_o brother_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o open_a chariot_n and_o thus_o like_o captive_n lead_v to_o the_o senate-house_n where_o be_v admit_v zolkievitzki_n present_v these_o captive_a prince_n to_o the_o king_n and_o assembly_n and_o have_v in_o a_o very_a lofty_a harangue_n extol_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o poland_n in_o have_v get_v these_o illustrious_a person_n into_o their_o possession_n by_o who_o misfortune_n they_o have_v open_v themselves_o the_o way_n into_o the_o russian_a empire_n and_o to_o the_o throne_n itself_o by_o the_o election_n of_o prince_n vladislans_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n he_o do_v not_o want_v vanity_n to_o compare_v the_o captivity_n of_o tâ—ese_n prince_n to_o the_o great_a exploit_n of_o the_o most_o renown_a hero_n of_o antiquity_n though_o it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v that_o they_o be_v fain_o into_o his_o hand_n more_o by_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o muscovite_n than_o the_o bravery_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o whilst_o they_o trifle_v away_o their_o time_n in_o compliment_a and_o flatter_v themselves_o let_v slip_v the_o best_a and_o most_o favourable_a opportunity_n in_o the_o world_n to_o make_v themselves_o real_a master_n of_o that_o empire_n which_o they_o have_v swallow_v up_o in_o their_o imaginary_a panegyric_n zuski_n and_o his_o two_o brother_n be_v by_o the_o king_n order_n send_v prisoner_n to_o goston_n castle_n where_o they_o be_v treat_v according_a to_o their_o quality_n but_o basili_n zuski_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o empire_n and_o liberty_n the_o weight_n of_o his_o sorrow_n have_v as_o it_o be_v believe_v deprive_v he_o of_o his_o life_n soon_o after_o he_o be_v some_o time_n after_o follow_v by_o one_o of_o his_o brother_n who_o also_o die_v for_o grief_n they_o be_v both_o private_o bury_v betwixt_o warsaw_n and_o thorn_n where_o their_o ash_n â—ested_v till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n when_o they_o be_v translate_v into_o muscovy_n and_o inter_v among_o their_o ancestor_n this_o basili_n zuski_n poland_n hâ—_n die_v in_o poland_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n end_v his_o life_n in_o captivity_n in_o a_o foreign_a country_n after_o a_o short_a and_o troublesome_a reign_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a capacity_n and_o merit_n which_o have_v raise_v he_o to_o the_o high_a station_n in_o the_o empire_n before_o he_o mount_v the_o throne_n which_o as_o he_o obtain_v by_o fraud_n and_o blood_n so_o he_o endeavour_v to_o settle_v it_o by_o the_o same_o art_n by_o which_o he_o have_v gain_v it_o and_o know_v the_o muscovite_n to_o be_v a_o people_n the_o most_o unstable_a in_o the_o world_n and_o soon_o hurry_v from_o one_o extreme_a to_o another_o he_o have_v at_o last_o when_o he_o find_v his_o affair_n in_o a_o decline_a condition_n recourse_n to_o witchcraft_n and_o other_o violent_a mean_n which_o serve_v he_o for_o no_o other_o end_n than_o to_o hasten_v his_o ruin_n and_o to_o remove_v he_o from_o the_o throne_n to_o a_o prison_n where_o he_o end_v his_o day_n a_o remarkable_a instance_n of_o the_o perpetual_a vicissitude_n of_o human_a greatness_n and_o the_o instability_n of_o popular_a favour_n but_o it_o be_v time_n to_o return_v to_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o to_o see_v what_o different_a effect_n this_o retreat_n of_o sigismond_n out_o of_o muscovy_n produce_v among_o the_o russian_n and_o the_o polish_v garrison_n the_o muscovite_n be_v by_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o king_n deliver_v from_o what_o they_o dread_v most_o to_o wit_n his_o march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o polish_v garrison_n in_o musco_n re-assumed_n new_a vigour_n and_o by_o their_o repeat_v attack_n press_v so_o hard_o upon_o the_o pole_n that_o they_o shut_v they_o up_o close_o within_o their_o fortification_n and_o these_o see_v themselves_o thus_o neglect_v by_o their_o prince_n and_o expose_v to_o danger_n without_o any_o prospect_n of_o relief_n begin_v to_o contrive_v mean_n for_o their_o own_o safety_n a_o great_a many_o among_o they_o under_o pretence_n of_o want_n of_o pay_n open_o demand_v their_o dismission_n gaziowski_n their_o general_n do_v endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n flatter_v they_o with_o hope_n of_o a_o speedy_a relief_n and_o perceive_v that_o his_o word_n have_v not_o the_o desire_a effect_n he_o contrive_v counterfeit_n letter_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o as_o come_n from_o the_o king_n out_o of_o poland_n fill_v with_o promise_n of_o a_o most_o powerful_a relief_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n to_o take_v away_o all_o the_o pretence_n from_o the_o soldier_n of_o demand_v their_o dismission_n for_o want_v of_o pay_n he_o cause_v a_o statue_n of_o our_o saviour_n of_o massy_a gold_n value_v at_o near_o fifty_o thousand_o pound_n which_o stand_v with_o the_o twelve_o apostle_n in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o the_o castle_n the_o latter_a be_v melt_v down_o by_o the_o order_n of_o basili_n zuski_n as_o be_v mention_v before_o to_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o soldiery_n who_o quick_o sacrifice_v the_o same_o statue_n to_o their_o avarice_n which_o they_o have_v adore_v but_o a_o few_o day_n before_o the_o general_n have_v by_o this_o and_o some_o other_o dividend_v take_v out_o of_o the_o treasury_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n which_o be_v in_o his_o possession_n appease_v and_o encourage_v his_o dishearten_v soldier_n he_o keep_v they_o in_o continual_a exercise_n by_o frequent_a sally_n from_o whence_o they_o seldom_o return_v without_o advantage_n they_o be_v much_o flush_v with_o this_o success_n against_o the_o muscovite_n there_o be_v a_o magazine_n of_o salt_n without_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o pole_n which_o have_v be_v spare_v by_o the_o flame_n when_o the_o pole_n set_v the_o city_n on_o fire_n the_o besieger_n and_o the_o besiege_a stand_v equal_o in_o need_n of_o this_o commodity_n as_o have_v no_o other_o to_o supply_v their_o present_a occasion_n this_o give_v they_o constant_a employment_n on_o both_o side_n this_o magazine_n be_v at_o so_o near_o a_o distance_n from_o the_o pole_n that_o it_o will_v have_v be_v no_o difficult_a matter_n for_o they_o to_o enclose_v it_o within_o their_o line_n but_o their_o general_n know_v that_o their_o own_o and_o the_o enemy_n want_n will_v engage_v they_o in_o continual_a skirmish_n do_v not_o think_v convenient_a to_o take_v away_o this_o opportunity_n of_o keep_v his_o man_n in_o action_n he_o make_v it_o also_o his_o business_n to_o sow_v the_o seed_n of_o discord_n among_o the_o muscovite_n and_o cosack_n that_o serve_v in_o the_o russian_a army_n from_o whence_o he_o hope_v to_o reap_v no_o small_a benefit_n if_o he_o can_v bring_v over_o the_o cosack_v to_o his_o party_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n contrive_v the_o destruction_n of_o lepanowitz_n the_o russian_a general_n for_o which_o purpose_n he_o cause_v several_a counterfeit_a letter_n to_o be_v disperse_v in_o the_o province_n write_v in_o lepanowitz'_v name_n wherein_o he_o command_v the_o muscovite_n to_o fall_v upon_o the_o perfidious_a cosack_n in_o their_o quarter_n have_v receive_v certain_a intelligence_n that_o they_o intend_v to_o side_n with_o the_o young_a demetrius_n at_o caluga_n the_o general_n be_v name_n of_o the_o dunensian_a cosack_n that_o serve_v at_o that_o time_n in_o the_o muscovite_n army_n be_v sidorus_n who_o former_o have_v be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o this_o young_a demetrius_n his_o father_n gaziowski_n be_v very_o careful_a to_o cause_v one_o of_o these_o letter_n to_o fall_v into_o his_o hand_n who_o not_o in_o the_o least_o suspect_v any_o fraud_n in_o the_o matter_n without_o any_o further_a consultation_n communicate_v it_o to_o the_o other_o principal_a officer_n of_o the_o cosack_n represent_v to_o they_o their_o common_a danger_n in_o term_n so_o lively_a and_o natural_a as_o sufficient_o testify_v his_o apprehension_n of_o their_o imaginary_a
who_o be_v design_v for_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n he_o be_v afraid_a that_o if_o he_o shall_v prosecute_v the_o victory_n to_o the_o utmost_a he_o shall_v rob_v his_o friend_n to_o who_o he_o be_v oblige_v for_o his_o advancement_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o have_v deliver_v the_o city_n of_o musco_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o king_n sigismond_n so_o that_o be_v content_v with_o have_v enlarge_v the_o polish_v quarter_n and_o chase_v the_o muscovite_n out_o of_o their_o post_n he_o return_v without_o pursuiâ—â—_n the_o enemy_n have_v let_v slip_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n of_o secure_v this_o imperial_a city_n and_o consequent_o the_o whole_a empire_n for_o king_n sigismond_n both_o which_o be_v not_o long_o afâ—er_v lose_v by_o the_o king_n be_v ill_a conduct_n and_o the_o jealousy_n which_o reign_v among_o his_o general_n as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o relate_v anon_o for_o though_o the_o pole_n flush_v with_o this_o success_n reassume_v new_a courage_n for_o a_o little_a time_n yet_o find_v the_o enemy_n after_o his_o first_o consternation_n be_v over_o to_o attack_v they_o afresh_o with_o more_o vigour_n than_o ever_o and_o by_o degree_n to_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o their_o most_o advance_a post_n and_o that_o they_o have_v but_o little_a hope_n of_o any_o solid_a supply_n out_o of_o poland_n which_o may_v be_v sufficient_a to_o divert_v the_o whole_a force_n of_o muscovy_n they_o in_o a_o mutinous_a manner_n demand_v their_o pay_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v no_o long_o expose_v themselves_o to_o such_o hazard_n without_o the_o least_o â—opes_n of_o relief_n or_o reward_n gaziowski_n endeavour_v by_o all_o mean_v possible_a to_o appease_v the_o tumult_n which_o be_v foment_v by_o the_o division_n among_o the_o chief_a officer_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o letter_n shall_v be_v once_o more_o dispatch_v into_o poland_n by_o a_o trusty_a messenger_n after_o who_o return_n they_o shall_v be_v at_o liberty_n â—o_o dispose_v of_o themselves_o as_o they_o find_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o the_o present_a circumstance_n of_o their_o affair_n according_o asleep_o letter_n be_v send_v to_o king_n sigismond_n write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o polish_v garrison_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n wherein_o have_v represent_v to_o the_o king_n how_o faithful_o they_o have_v serve_v he_o in_o their_o station_n how_o they_o have_v hold_v out_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n against_o the_o whole_a force_n of_o muscovy_n struggle_v with_o famine_n and_o all_o other_o inconvenience_n which_o must_v be_v the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o so_o long_a a_o siege_n they_o find_v themselves_o and_o their_o service_n neglect_v by_o not_o receive_v any_o supply_n of_o man_n or_o money_n that_o their_o condition_n be_v such_o as_o not_o to_o be_v able_a to_o defend_v themselves_o much_o long_o against_o so_o numerous_a a_o army_n if_o not_o powerful_o assist_v by_o the_o king_n that_o therefore_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o consult_v their_o own_o safety_n and_o to_o declare_v that_o if_o by_o the_o six_o of_o january_n next_o ensue_v their_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v not_o send_v to_o their_o assistance_n with_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o troop_n and_o all_o other_o thing_n requisite_a to_o enable_v he_o to_o maintain_v his_o just_a claim_n by_o virtue_n of_o the_o last_o election_n to_o the_o muscovian_a crown_n they_o be_v unanimous_o resolve_v to_o quit_v the_o castle_n to_o march_v back_o into_o poland_n and_o to_o require_v their_o arrear_n king_n sigismond_n be_v not_o a_o little_a startle_v at_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o soldiery_n in_o musco_n be_v uncertain_a what_o measure_v to_o take_v to_o maintain_v his_o interest_n in_o the_o russian_a empire_n but_o remain_v steadfast_a in_o his_o resolution_n not_o to_o send_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n he_o order_v charles_n chodkievitski_n lieutenant-general_n of_o the_o lithuanian_a army_n to_o march_v with_o some_o thousand_o of_o his_o best_a troop_n towards_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o to_o maintain_v the_o castle_n against_o the_o muscovite_n till_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affâ—â—â—s_n at_o home_o shall_v be_v at_o leisure_n to_o march_v the_o next_o spring_n to_o their_o assistance_n with_o a_o royal_a army_n potocki_n palatine_n of_o braclovia_n be_v at_o that_o time_n commander_n in_o chief_a over_o those_o force_n that_o be_v leave_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o â—he_n province_n and_o city_n of_o smolensko_n who_o have_v signalise_v himself_o upon_o several_a occasion_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o that_o place_n and_o be_v a_o intimate_a friend_n of_o gaziowski_n the_o polish_v general_n within_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n look_v with_o a_o very_a ill_a eye_n upon_o this_o advancement_n of_o chodkievitski_n which_o he_o think_v to_o have_v be_v due_a to_o himself_o or_o at_o least_o to_o his_o friend_n gaziowski_n and_o therefore_o resolve_v to_o thwart_v all_o his_o design_n for_o which_o purpose_n it_o be_v insinuate_v into_o the_o chief_a officer_n that_o chodkievitski_n be_v send_v with_o a_o army_n out_o of_o poland_n to_o prosecute_v the_o muscovian_a war_n and_o to_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n to_o the_o gain_n of_o which_o he_o have_v contribute_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o defraud_v they_o of_o the_o honour_n and_o reward_n of_o their_o past_a labour_n the_o common_a soldier_n be_v also_o terrify_v with_o his_o severity_n in_o martial_a discipline_n by_o the_o artifices_fw-la of_o potocki_n emissary_n be_v prepossess_v with_o such_o a_o aversion_n against_o his_o person_n that_o at_o his_o arrival_n they_o refuse_v to_o obey_v his_o command_n neither_o â—ould_v they_o be_v prevail_v upon_o to_o make_v any_o more_o sally_n which_o the_o muscovite_n improve_n to_o their_o advantage_n straighten_v they_o more_o and_o more_o without_o any_o considerable_a opposition_n the_o time_n be_v thus_o trifle_v away_o in_o contest_v within_o the_o castle_n till_o the_o six_o of_o january_n the_o day_n prefix_v for_o the_o departure_n of_o the_o garrison_n in_o their_o letter_n to_o king_n sigismond_n if_o prince_n vladislaus_n do_v not_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n when_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v march_v direct_o into_o poland_n to_o get_v satisfaction_n for_o their_o arrear_n chodkievitski_n with_o all_o the_o head_n officer_n of_o his_o party_n do_v omit_v nothing_o which_o they_o believe_v may_v keep_v they_o in_o obedience_n they_o endeavour_v by_o entreaty_n promise_n and_o threat_n to_o induce_v they_o to_o alter_v or_o at_o least_o to_o defer_v their_o resolution_n but_o in_o vain_a for_o have_v choose_v one_o joseph_n cieclinski_n their_o general_n they_o march_v to_o the_o number_n of_o betwixt_o seven_o and_o eight_o thousand_o man_n most_o horse_n out_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o have_v open_v their_o passage_n with_o their_o sword_n through_o their_o enemy_n direct_v their_o march_n to_o the_o lesser_a poland_n where_o have_v distribute_v their_o troop_n into_o several_a palatinate_n they_o make_v leopolis_n their_o head_n quarter_n and_o seize_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o king_n be_v domain_o but_o also_o upon_o the_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n for_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o their_o arrear_n there_o be_v however_o a_o body_n of_o four_o thousand_o man_n to_o wit_n that_o command_v by_o sapiha_n leave_v for_o the_o guard_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n who_o be_v at_o last_o prevail_v upon_o to_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n long_o by_o the_o prospect_n of_o great_a advantage_n have_v all_o the_o crown-jewel_n of_o muscovy_n consist_v of_o two_o crown_n of_o gold_n beset_v with_o gem_n two_o sceptre_n with_o diamond_n two_o ducal_z bonnet_n the_o golden_a apple_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n of_o great_a value_n put_v into_o their_o hand_n as_o a_o pledge_n for_o their_o pay_n potocki_n have_v thus_o far_o succeed_v in_o his_o design_n and_o find_v thing_n reduce_v to_o extremity_n by_o his_o contrivance_n he_o think_v it_o now_o fit_a time_n to_o step_v in_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o place_n for_o which_o purpose_n he_o send_v a_o considerable_a force_n from_o smolensko_n under_o the_o command_n of_o konickpotski_n a_o creature_n of_o his_o own_o and_o not_o long_o after_o his_o near_a kinsman_n nicholas_n strusius_n with_o part_n of_o the_o garrison_n of_o smolensko_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o within_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n they_o enter_v without_o the_o least_o opposition_n through_o that_o pass_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v as_o yet_o maintain_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n mosca_n and_o those_o within_o be_v reinforce_v and_o encourage_v by_o so_o considerable_a a_o number_n of_o fâ—esh_a troop_n may_v without_o all_o 〈◊〉_d not_o only_o have_v maintain_v but_o also_o have_v enlarge_v their_o quarter_n if_o the_o jealousy_n and_o envy_n that_o reign_v among_o the_o officer_n have_v not_o render_v all_o the_o design_n of_o chodkicvitski_n fruitless_a
so_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o considerable_a accession_n of_o these_o troop_n the_o muscovite_n find_v mean_n â—o_o pen_v they_o up_o close_a every_o day_n and_o at_o last_o to_o cut_v of_o their_o communication_n with_o the_o country_n by_o perfect_v their_o line_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n mâ—sca_n the_o sapihan_n horse_n consist_v of_o four_o thousand_o man_n see_v themselves_o in_o danger_n of_o be_v enclose_v without_o any_o hope_n of_o relief_n and_o unwilling_a to_o lose_v the_o treasure_n they_o have_v get_v so_o late_o in_o their_o possession_n declare_v unanimous_o that_o they_o be_v resolve_v not_o to_o endure_v any_o long_o the_o danger_n and_o fatigue_n of_o a_o close_a siege_n without_o the_o least_o prospect_n of_o success_n on_o their_o side_n and_o that_o they_o will_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o â—he_n rest_n who_o be_v some_o month_n before_o march_v into_o poland_n according_o have_v choose_v one_o john_n zalinski_n their_o commander_n in_o chief_a they_o march_v out_o with_o all_o the_o crown-jewel_n in_o their_o possession_n and_o have_v with_o great_a bravery_n foâ—ced_v the_o enemy_n line_n march_v direct_o into_o lithuania_n set_v up_o their_o head_n quarter_n at_o bresla_n and_o tread_v the_o footstep_n of_o their_o brethren_n in_o the_o lesser_a poland_n take_v up_o their_o quarter_n in_o the_o neighbour_a palatinate_n where_o they_o live_v at_o discretion_n upon_o the_o king_n be_v domain_o and_o the_o ecclesiastical_a revenue_n till_o their_o arrear_n be_v pay_v king_n sigismond_n be_v by_o this_o time_n become_v sensible_a of_o his_o fatal_a error_n in_o not_o send_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n into_o muscovy_n especial_o when_o the_o polish_v nobility_n exasperate_v by_o the_o insolence_n of_o the_o confederate_a force_n in_o the_o lesser_a poland_n and_o lithuania_n begin_v to_o break_v out_o into_o open_a complaint_n charge_v the_o king_n with_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o these_o disorder_n which_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v if_o he_o have_v not_o prefer_v the_o insinuation_n of_o his_o flatter_a courtier_n before_o the_o wholesome_a advice_n of_o his_o senate_n and_o his_o most_o experience_a officer_n to_o repair_v therefore_o if_o possible_a his_o former_a miâ—â—ake_n he_o resolve_v to_o bring_v vladislaus_n thither_o in_o person_n at_o the_o â—â—ad_n of_o a_o good_a army_n and_o have_v assemble_v what_o force_n he_o have_v in_o readiness_n march_v direct_o to_o vilna_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o lithuania_n musco_n siâ—â—â—mund_n march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o musco_n expect_v to_o be_v join_v there_o by_o the_o confederate_a force_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a zeal_n for_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o prince_n vladislaus_n but_o these_o have_v once_o taste_v the_o sweet_n of_o their_o plentiful_a quarter_n and_o have_v yet_o in_o fresh_a remembrance_n their_o late_a fatigue_n sustain_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n be_v not_o for_o change_v their_o present_a plentiful_a condition_n for_o the_o toâ—â—_n and_o chance_n of_o war_n so_o that_o when_o the_o king_n order_v they_o to_o prepare_v for_o the_o march_n they_o unanimous_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o stir_v unless_o they_o receive_v full_a satisfaction_n for_o their_o arrear_n the_o king_n though_o disappoint_v in_o the_o assistance_n of_o those_o troop_n in_o which_o he_o confide_v most_o have_v receive_v a_o reinforcement_n of_o two_o thousand_o german_a foot_n direct_v his_o march_n towards_o smolensko_n where_o by_o the_o accession_n of_o those_o force_n that_o quarter_v thereabouts_o he_o hope_v to_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o attempt_v the_o relief_n of_o his_o subject_n within_o the_o castle_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n but_o the_o same_o evil_a genius_n which_o have_v alienate_v the_o confederate_a force_n from_o his_o service_n do_v follow_v he_o to_o smolensko_n for_o the_o horse_n in_o those_o part_n after_o the_o example_n of_o their_o brethren_n in_o lithuania_n and_o poland_n declare_v that_o they_o will_v not_o stir_v out_o of_o their_o quarter_n till_o their_o arrear_n be_v pay_v they_o king_n sigismond_n want_v money_n to_o satisfy_v their_o demand_n and_o strength_n to_o reduce_v they_o to_o obedience_n be_v fain_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o entreaty_n and_o promise_v not_o only_o of_o their_o arrear_n but_o also_o of_o vast_a reward_n but_o these_o verbal_a temptation_n not_o make_v the_o least_o impression_n upon_o the_o soldier_n the_o king_n declare_v that_o if_o they_o all_o refuse_v to_o follow_v he_o he_o will_v in_o person_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o guard_n only_o march_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o muscovy_n some_o of_o the_o horse_n overcome_v with_o shame_n and_o the_o persuasion_n of_o their_o officer_n who_o upbraid_v they_o with_o cowardice_n and_o want_n of_o loyalty_n be_v at_o last_o prevail_v upon_o not_o to_o leave_v the_o king_n at_o this_o critical_a juncture_n sigismond_n resolve_v to_o prosecute_v his_o march_n to_o viasna_n midway_n betwixt_o smolensko_n and_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n i_o have_v almost_o forget_v to_o have_v mention_v here_o a_o accident_n that_o happen_v to_o the_o king_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o march_v out_o of_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o smolensko_n which_o be_v call_v the_o king_n gate_n the_o same_o be_v interpret_v as_o a_o inauspicious_a omen_n to_o sigismond_n for_o it_o happen_v that_o just_a at_o the_o same_o instant_a as_o he_o be_v to_o go_v through_o the_o abovementioned_a gate_n the_o portcullis_n fall_v down_o and_o stop_v his_o passage_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o â—urn_v back_o and_o take_v another_o way_n to_o viasna_n where_o he_o halt_v expect_v to_o be_v join_v by_o some_o other_o force_n that_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o neighbour_a province_n whilst_o the_o king_n who_o be_v always_o dilatory_a in_o his_o affair_n be_v advance_v with_o slow_a march_n towards_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n the_o russian_n have_v press_v on_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n with_o more_o vigour_n than_o before_o and_o have_v perfect_v their_o line_n on_o all_o side_n and_o fortify_v they_o with_o redoubt_n at_o convenient_a distance_n and_o reduce_v the_o pole_n within_o to_o great_a strait_n who_o for_o want_v of_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o foot_n be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o maintain_v their_o work_n much_o lest_o to_o hinder_v the_o approache_n of_o the_o enemy_n however_o they_o supply_v the_o defect_n of_o their_o foot_n by_o the_o service_n of_o their_o horse_n who_o during_o the_o whole_a summer_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o passage_n be_v fortify_v and_o guard_v by_o the_o muscovite_n at_o several_a time_n break_v through_o their_o line_n and_o bring_v in_o provision_n for_o the_o garrison_n but_o these_o supply_n be_v bring_v in_o so_o small_a quantity_n as_o not_o to_o bear_v any_o proportion_n with_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v at_o last_o reduce_v to_o extreme_a want_n chodkievitski_n resolve_v to_o make_v his_o last_o effort_n and_o to_o try_v whether_o he_o can_v not_o by_o the_o same_o way_n of_o the_o river_n which_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o before_o bring_v in_o a_o supply_n of_o five_o hundred_o wagon_n lade_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n into_o the_o castle_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v order_v a_o sally_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o all_o the_o foot_n within_o the_o castle_n they_o by_o break_v of_o day_n force_v the_o guard_n of_o the_o muscovite_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n mosca_n to_o facilitate_v the_o passage_n of_o their_o convoy_n which_o they_o meet_v at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o town_n but_o they_o advance_v very_o slow_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o wagon_n the_o muscoviteâ—_n have_v sufficient_a leisure_n give_v they_o to_o draw_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o force_n out_o on_o that_o side_n so_o that_o at_o their_o return_n they_o be_v warm_o receive_v by_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o know_v the_o fate_n of_o the_o siege_n to_o depend_v from_o the_o success_n of_o this_o day_n action_n fight_v with_o great_a obstinancy_n the_o polish_v horse_n induce_v by_o the_o same_o motive_n fight_v like_o man_n resolve_v to_o conquer_v or_o to_o die_v and_z notwithstanding_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o their_o number_n have_v bring_v the_o muscovian_a horse_n into_o confusion_n and_o will_v in_o all_o likelihood_n have_v carry_v the_o day_n if_o they_o have_v be_v due_o second_v by_o their_o foot_n command_v by_o strusius_n but_o he_o be_v a_o near_a kinsman_n and_o creature_n of_o potocki_n muscovite_n pole_n beat_v by_o the_o muscovite_n who_o as_o we_o mention_v before_o look_v with_o a_o ill_a eye_n upon_o the_o advancement_n of_o chodkievitski_n under_o pretence_n of_o guard_v the_o convoy_n of_o provision_n advance_v so_o slow_o to_o the_o rescue_n of_o the_o horse_n
that_o be_v surround_v on_o all_o side_n they_o have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o fight_v their_o way_n through_o into_o the_o castle_n without_o be_v able_a to_o execute_v their_o design_n and_o be_v soon_o after_o follow_v by_o the_o foot_n who_o be_v force_v to_o leave_v all_o the_o provision_n intend_v for_o their_o relief_n to_o the_o disposal_n of_o the_o enemy_n thus_o the_o hope_n which_o king_n sigismond_n have_v conceive_v of_o the_o conquer_a of_o the_o russian_a empire_n vanish_v with_o his_o overthrow_n which_o at_o once_o lose_v he_o all_o the_o fruit_n of_o his_o former_a victory_n acquire_v with_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o a_o vast_a treasure_n for_o the_o muscovite_n have_v receive_v certain_a intelligence_n that_o king_n sigismond_n be_v prepare_v to_o advance_v to_o their_o rescue_n double_v their_o guard_n in_o all_o their_o avenue_n lead_v to_o the_o castle_n and_o so_o straight_o enclose_v the_o garrison_n within_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o wall_n that_o they_o take_v from_o they_o all_o hope_n of_o receive_v any_o further_a supply_n of_o provision_n the_o pole_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n know_v the_o importance_n of_o the_o place_n which_o be_v commit_v to_o their_o custody_n from_o whence_o depend_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n the_o fate_n of_o the_o muscovian_a empire_n and_o live_v in_o daily_a expectation_n of_o the_o approach_n of_o their_o king_n endure_v all_o the_o extremity_n of_o famine_n with_o a_o unparalleled_a resolution_n for_o after_o have_v consume_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v eatable_a not_o only_o horse_n cat_n dog_n rat_n mouse_n and_o other_o live_a creature_n but_o also_o the_o leather_n and_o covert_n of_o their_o trunk_n and_o saddle_n they_o proceed_v to_o human_a flesh_n feed_v upon_o the_o carcase_n of_o their_o comrade_n but_o this_o have_v in_o a_o little_a time_n cause_v a_o most_o violent_a contagion_n among_o they_o and_o receive_v no_o certain_a intelligence_n of_o the_o further_a approach_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n mâ—sco_n the_o pole_n surrender_v he_o castle_n of_o mâ—sco_n their_o obstinacy_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v to_o the_o extremity_n to_o which_o they_o be_v reduce_v by_o the_o watchfulness_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o slow_a advances_n of_o their_o countryman_n so_o that_o they_o surrender_v themselves_o at_o discretion_n after_o have_v give_v a_o thousand_o evident_a proof_n of_o their_o courage_n and_o loyalty_n during_o this_o long_a and_o remarkable_a siege_n king_n sigismond_n have_v be_v all_o this_o while_n trifle_v away_o his_o time_n at_o viasna_n where_o have_v receive_v this_o fatal_a news_n of_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n he_o and_o the_o whole_a army_n be_v put_v into_o such_o a_o consternation_n as_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v express_v be_v at_o the_o great_a incertitude_n that_o possible_o can_v be_v what_o to_o resolve_v upon_o at_o this_o critical_a juncture_n he_o call_v together_o all_o his_o able_a counselor_n and_o most_o experience_a officer_n to_o consult_v what_o be_v best_a to_o be_v do_v there_o be_v not_o a_o few_o who_o advise_v he_o to_o lay_v aside_o all_o further_a thought_n of_o the_o muscovian_a crown_n and_o in_o a_o far_o advance_v season_n not_o to_o expose_v his_o person_n and_o the_o whole_a army_n to_o eminent_a danger_n among_o a_o treacherous_a people_n but_o the_o major_a part_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o pretence_n to_o the_o russian_a empire_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v quite_v at_o so_o easy_a a_o rate_n that_o if_o he_o without_o any_o further_a delay_n advance_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o the_o muscovite_n overawe_v by_o his_o presence_n at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o good_a army_n whilst_o their_o affair_n be_v yet_o in_o a_o unsettled_a condition_n may_v be_v induce_v rather_o to_o adhere_v to_o their_o former_a election_n of_o prince_n vladislaus_n than_o to_o expose_v themselves_o afresh_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o ruinous_a war._n and_o that_o in_o case_n they_o shall_v be_v disappoint_v in_o their_o expectation_n it_o will_v be_v more_o glorious_a for_o they_o to_o procure_v a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o their_o sword_n in_o hand_n than_o shameful_o to_o turn_v their_o back_n to_o their_o enemy_n whereby_o they_o will_v be_v encourage_v to_o carry_v the_o war_n into_o the_o polish_v territory_n the_o king_n have_v give_v his_o approbation_n to_o the_o latter_a it_o be_v resolve_v to_o march_v immediate_o towards_o federoviscum_n where_o have_v set_v up_o their_o head_n quarter_n the_o king_n detach_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o horse_n to_o advance_v to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n they_o be_v no_o soon_o come_v within_o sight_n of_o that_o city_n but_o they_o be_v receive_v with_o good_a store_n of_o shot_n from_o the_o wall_n which_o be_v second_v by_o a_o furious_a sally_n the_o polish_v horse_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o their_o companion_n the_o king_n judge_v by_o the_o entertainment_n give_v to_o his_o troop_n before_o the_o imperial_a city_n that_o the_o muscovite_n have_v lay_v aside_o all_o thought_n of_o receive_v his_o son_n vladislaus_n for_o their_o great_a duke_n and_o find_v himself_o not_o in_o a_o capacity_n at_o present_a to_o force_v they_o to_o a_o compliance_n be_v uncertain_a what_o measure_v to_o take_v the_o worst_a of_o all_o be_v that_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o circumjacent_a province_n upon_o the_o first_o news_n of_o the_o surrender_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o musco_n and_o the_o approach_v of_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v carry_v all_o their_o provision_n into_o their_o strong_a hold_n so_o that_o king_n sigismund_n army_n which_o consist_v most_o of_o cavalry_n be_v in_o great_a distress_n for_o want_n of_o forage_n in_o a_o country_n where_o the_o winter-season_n afford_v nothing_o in_o the_o field_n for_o the_o sustenance_n of_o horse_n and_o make_v encamp_v almost_o intolerable_a to_o the_o soldier_n the_o evil_a posture_n of_o their_o affair_n give_v occasion_n to_o frequent_a consultation_n in_o the_o polish_v camp_n where_o it_o be_v at_o last_o resolve_v to_o attempt_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o place_n of_o strength_n whereby_o they_o may_v at_o once_o supply_v theiâ—_n present_a necessity_n and_o secure_v themselves_o a_o secure_a retreat_n in_o the_o â—earâ—_n of_o the_o country_n till_o they_o may_v find_v a_o opportunity_n to_o take_v new_a measure_n against_o next_o spring_n volock_o be_v the_o place_n pitch_v upon_o as_o the_o fit_a for_o their_o present_a purpose_n which_o the_o pole_n enrage_v at_o their_o ill_a success_n attack_v with_o incredible_a fury_n but_o their_o ill_a fortune_n seem_v to_o follow_v they_o wherever_o they_o come_v for_o the_o muscovite_n have_v in_o fresh_a remembrance_n the_o ravages_n commit_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o especial_o the_o burn_v of_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n look_v upon_o they_o not_o otherwise_o than_o the_o mortal_a enemy_n of_o their_o country_n and_o therefore_o defend_v themselves_o with_o such_o a_o resolution_n as_o sufficient_o show_v that_o they_o will_v rather_o bury_v themselves_o in_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o place_n than_o suffer_v they_o again_o to_o get_v foot_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n so_o that_o after_o have_v be_v repulse_v several_a time_n with_o considerable_a loss_n muscovy_n the_o pole_n retire_v out_o of_o muscovy_n they_o have_v no_o other_o way_n leave_v they_o for_o their_o safety_n than_o to_o hasten_v their_o march_n towards_o smolensko_n and_o from_o thence_o into_o poland_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o their_o soldier_n and_o most_o of_o their_o horse_n and_o thus_o after_o so_o much_o bloodshed_n so_o many_o sieges_n and_o battles_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o vast_a treasure_n end_v the_o expedition_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o by_o his_o ill_a conduct_n lose_v the_o crown_n of_o muscovy_n design_v for_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n render_v the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o two_o unfortunate_a demetrius_n unsuccessful_a and_o involve_v the_o russian_a empire_n in_o unspeakable_a misery_n which_o now_o by_o his_o retreat_n begin_v to_o conceive_v new_a hope_n of_o its_o future_a establishment_n for_o no_o soon_o have_v they_o rid_v their_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n but_o they_o apply_v all_o their_o care_n towards_o the_o root_n out_o the_o remnant_n of_o the_o imposture_n of_o the_o demetrius_n for_n which_o purpose_n they_o send_v a_o considerable_a body_n towards_o caluga_n to_o attack_v those_o force_n that_o stand_v still_o out_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o marina_n and_o the_o young_a demetrius_n her_o pretend_a son_n under_o the_o command_n of_o zarucki_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n but_o these_o defend_v themselves_o with_o so_o much_o bravery_n that_o the_o muscovite_n find_v they_o so_o resolute_a in_o their_o
to_o dispatch_v she_o with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v send_v his_o son_n tereska_n to_o a_o friend_n of_o he_o in_o the_o country_n he_o shut_v his_o wife_n up_o in_o a_o stove_n wife_n burn_v his_o wife_n and_o set_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n which_o consume_v she_o and_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a house_n have_v do_v this_o he_o go_v into_o poland_n poland_n retire_v into_o poland_n but_o so_o secret_o that_o it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n that_o he_o have_v be_v consume_v with_o his_o family_n he_o continue_v two_o year_n under_o a_o borrow_a name_n in_o the_o city_n of_o warsaw_n at_o the_o court_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n when_o hear_v that_o a_o muscovite_n ambassador_n be_v on_o his_o way_n to_o that_o court_n and_o not_o think_v himself_o secure_a he_o retire_v to_o chmielniski_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n unto_o who_o have_v represent_v that_o he_o be_v a_o near_a kinsman_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n and_o be_v prosecute_v upon_o that_o score_n by_o the_o present_a czar_n michael_n federovit_n he_o beg_v his_o protection_n and_o be_v receive_v with_o all_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o his_o pretend_a quality_n as_o he_o have_v a_o ready_a wit_n so_o he_o carry_v on_o the_o imposture_n under_o such_o specious_a pretence_n that_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v very_o considerable_a among_o the_o cosack_n who_o flatter_v themselves_o with_o his_o future_a protection_n at_o a_o time_n when_o they_o be_v very_o uneasy_a under_o the_o polish_v government_n the_o muscovite_n have_v by_o this_o time_n get_v some_o scent_n of_o the_o matter_n wherefore_o the_o great_a duke_n send_v one_o of_o his_o gentleman_n usher_n name_v jacob_n koston_n to_o the_o cosack_n general_n with_o a_o offer_n of_o his_o protection_n against_o the_o pole_n and_o to_o demand_v the_o impostor_n timoska_n have_v get_v notice_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o muscovian_a poslanick_n and_o guess_v at_o his_o errand_n think_v himself_o no_o long_o safe_a among_o the_o cosack_n who_o he_o fear_v will_v secure_v he_o for_o their_o own_o advantage_n and_o so_o go_v to_o constantinople_n mahometan_n go_v to_o turkey_n and_o turâ—s_v mahometan_n where_o have_v abjure_v the_o christian_a religion_n he_o embrace_v mahometanism_n and_o be_v circumcise_v he_o propose_v to_o the_o turk_n the_o introduce_v of_o mahometanism_n in_o russia_n if_o by_o their_o assistance_n he_o may_v be_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o his_o father_n the_o great_a duke_n basili_n zuski_n but_o these_o give_v no_o great_a heed_n to_o his_o proposition_n he_o do_v not_o stay_v long_o there_o but_o take_v the_o first_o opportunity_n to_o be_v transport_v by_o a_o venetian_a vessel_n into_o italy_n catholic_n come_v to_o rome_n and_o turn_v roman_a catholic_n from_o venice_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n where_o he_o profess_v the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o by_o the_o same_o artifices_fw-la that_o he_o have_v make_v use_n of_o at_o constantinople_n to_o wit_n by_o promise_v to_o establish_v that_o reâ—gion_n in_o muscovy_n endeavour_v to_o bring_v over_o the_o holy_a father_n into_o his_o interest_n the_o court_n of_o rome_n be_v by_o this_o time_n better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o muscovy_n than_o they_o be_v some_o year_n before_o when_o they_o be_v so_o miserable_o impose_v upon_o by_o demetrius_n and_o know_v that_o empire_n so_o settâ—le_a of_o impostor_n will_v not_o act_v with_o so_o much_o precipitation_n in_o a_o affair_n of_o such_o moment_n but_o resolve_v to_o amuse_v he_o with_o fair_a promise_n till_o they_o may_v be_v full_o satisfy_v as_o to_o the_o legality_n of_o his_o pretension_n but_o timoska_n either_o judge_v these_o resolution_n too_o slow_a transylvania_n go_v to_o vienna_n and_o from_o thenc_n '_o into_o transylvania_n or_o at_o least_o not_o suitable_a to_o his_o purpose_n go_v thence_o to_o vienna_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o prince_n ragotzi_n in_o transilvania_n this_o prince_n furnish_v he_o with_o letter_n of_o recommendation_n to_o christina_n queâ—n_n of_o sweden_n this_o princess_n find_v he_o a_o person_n of_o great_a dexterity_n and_o a_o considerable_a share_n of_o knowledge_n for_o he_o have_v in_o his_o travel_n attain_v the_o latin_a german_n italian_a and_o turkish_a language_n and_o give_v credit_n to_o what_o he_o have_v relate_v concern_v his_o quality_n sweden_n be_v well_o receive_v by_o christian_a queen_n of_o sweden_n refuse_v to_o appear_v in_o arm_n for_o his_o interest_n but_o allow_v he_o a_o very_a honourable_a subsistance_n so_o that_o he_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o every_o body_n and_o treat_v as_o the_o true_a son_n of_o basili_n zuski_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n but_o the_o czar_n regent_n have_v soon_o be_v acquaint_v by_o the_o muscovian_a merchant_n reside_v at_o stockholm_n how_o this_o impostor_n be_v receive_v by_o the_o queen_n send_v the_o same_o poslanick_n who_o have_v see_v he_o before_o with_o chmielniski_n the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n to_o detect_v the_o fraud_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o desire_v she_o to_o deliver_v this_o villain_n into_o his_o hand_n but_o timoska_n have_v no_o soon_o get_v notice_n of_o the_o arrival_n of_o this_o gentleman_n but_o know_v his_o come_n to_o presage_v no_o good_a to_o his_o affair_n get_v away_o without_o take_v his_o leave_n from_o his_o man_n kostka_n constantine_n the_o constant_a companion_n of_o his_o adventure_n who_o be_v carry_v in_o chain_n into_o muscovy_n timoska_n be_v by_o order_n from_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n secure_v at_o reval_n in_o livonia_n who_o intend_v to_o have_v also_o send_v he_o to_o the_o great_a duke_n but_o have_v find_v mean_n to_o get_v out_o of_o the_o prison_n by_o the_o connivance_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n as_o it_o be_v believe_v he_o make_v his_o escape_n into_o holland_n from_o whence_o he_o go_v to_o brussels_n where_o he_o tarry_v for_o some_o time_n in_o that_o court_n from_o thence_o he_o go_v to_o the_o university_n of_o wittenberg_n lutheran_n turn_v lutheran_n and_o soon_o after_o to_o leipzick_n where_o he_o make_v profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n and_o write_v himself_o his_o confession_n of_o faith_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n after_o some_o stay_v there_o he_o go_v to_o newstadt_n in_o the_o country_n of_o holstein_n where_o have_v be_v discover_v by_o a_o messenger_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n call_v peter_n micklaf_n holstein_n seize_v in_o holstein_n he_o be_v take_v by_o order_n from_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n who_o cause_v he_o to_o be_v convey_v from_o thence_o to_o gottorp_n his_o usual_a place_n of_o residence_n and_o to_o be_v secure_v under_o a_o strong_a guard_n till_o the_o great_a duke_n shall_v send_v express_a order_n for_o the_o bring_v his_o person_n into_o muscovy_n czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n son_n and_o successor_n to_o michael_n federovit_n have_v receive_v notice_n of_o the_o seizure_n of_o this_o impostor_n not_o only_o send_v his_o letter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n gottorp_n where_o he_o desire_v to_o have_v he_o deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o such_o as_o he_o have_v appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n but_o also_o to_o bring_v to_o light_v the_o villainy_n of_o timoska_n beyond_o all_o contradiction_n send_v among_o his_o deputy_n the_o same_o spilki_n who_o former_o he_o have_v cheat_v of_o his_o wife_n jewel_n and_o who_o have_v be_v his_o fellow-officer_n in_o the_o same_o employment_n spilki_n be_v no_o soon_o arrive_v at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n but_o he_o desire_v to_o be_v confront_v with_o he_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o some_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n not_o question_v but_o that_o his_o presence_n will_v soon_o bring_v he_o to_o a_o ingenuous_a confession_n of_o the_o whole_a truth_n but_o they_o be_v not_o a_o little_a surprise_v when_o they_o see_v timoska_n without_o the_o least_o alteration_n in_o his_o countenance_n or_o behaviour_n treat_v spilki_n as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o know_v he_o before_o and_o speak_v to_o he_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n which_o spilki_n do_v not_o very_o well_o understand_v and_o be_v ask_v several_a question_n by_o he_o in_o relation_n to_o his_o past_a life_n especial_o as_o to_o his_o name_n whether_o it_o be_v not_o timoska_n ankudina_n whether_o he_o have_v not_o defraud_v the_o great_a duke_n treasury_n whether_o he_o have_v not_o cheat_v he_o of_o his_o wife_n jewel_n burn_v his_o house_n and_o commit_v other_o enormous_a crime_n timoska_n answer_v careless_o that_o it_o be_v possible_a that_o one_o timoska_n ankudina_n may_v have_v convert_v the_o great_a duke_n money_n to_o his_o own_o use_n and_o commit_v many_o other_o villainy_n but_o that_o this_o be_v not_o concern_v of_o he_o that_o his_o name_n be_v johannes_n sinensis_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n
shall_v be_v less_o dilatory_a and_o criminal_n to_o be_v examine_v and_o judge_v by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n with_o their_o assistant_n whereas_o most_o of_o the_o criminal_n be_v before_o that_o time_n bring_v to_o musco_n with_o no_o less_o trouble_n to_o the_o prisoner_n than_o charge_v to_o the_o czar_n he_o be_v a_o great_a admirer_n of_o monarchy_n and_o a_o patron_n of_o the_o english_a as_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n bogdan_n matfeilt_n always_o be_v a_o secret_a enemy_n both_o to_o nashockin_n and_o the_o english_a but_o a_o great_a friend_n of_o the_o dutch_a who_o use_v to_o purchase_v his_o favour_n by_o great_a present_n this_o bogdan_n be_v breed_v up_o with_o the_o czar_n from_o a_o child_n and_o be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o age._n he_o be_v lord_n high_a sreward_n of_o the_o household_n have_v in_o his_o disposal_n all_o domestic_a affair_n he_o use_v to_o be_v call_v the_o whisper_a favourite_n because_o the_o czar_n ask_v his_o advice_n often_o in_o his_o closet_n than_o at_o the_o councel-board_n it_o be_v by_o his_o connivance_n that_o the_o jew_n get_v secret_o foot_v in_o that_o court_n and_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n whereas_o before_o that_o time_n they_o be_v abominable_a to_o the_o muscovite_n because_o they_o supply_v he_o with_o handsome_a young_a slave_n out_o of_o poland_n which_o he_o entertaineâ—_n for_o his_o pleasure_n some_o in_o the_o country_n and_o some_o in_o his_o palace_n in_o musco_n his_o lady_n be_v jealous_a of_o these_o slave_n show_v her_o reâ—entment_n at_o several_a time_n in_o so_o outrageous_a a_o manner_n that_o her_o death_n be_v resolve_v on_o she_o be_v one_o night_n poison_v in_o a_o plate_n of_o sweetmeat_n or_o as_o other_o will_v have_v it_o in_o a_o glass_n of_o wine_n as_o for_o the_o czar_n alexis_n michaelovit_n himself_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o majestic_a deportment_n michaelovit_n the_o character_n of_o alexis_n michaelovit_n tall_a inkling_n to_o fat_a of_o a_o sanguine_a complexion_n and_o light_a brown_a hair_n beautiful_a and_o charitable_a but_o severe_a in_o his_o anger_n of_o a_o very_a strong_a memory_n strict_a in_o his_o devotion_n and_o a_o great_a favourer_n of_o his_o religion_n in_o the_o observance_n of_o which_o he_o be_v the_o strict_a man_n in_o the_o world_n for_o he_o never_o miss_v divinâ—_n service_n and_o if_o indispose_a use_v to_o have_v it_o perform_v in_o his_o bedchamber_n on_o fast-day_n he_o will_v frequent_v midnight_n prayer_n stand_v four_o or_o five_o hour_n together_o prostrate_v himself_o to_o the_o ground_n during_o the_o great_a fast_n he_o will_v eat_v but_o three_o meal_n a_o week_n be_v content_v for_o the_o rest_n with_o a_o piece_n of_o brown_a bread_n and_o salt_n a_o pickle_a mushroon_n or_o cucumber_n and_o a_o cup_n of_o quas_fw-la or_o small_a mead._n in_o short_a it_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o he_o that_o no_o monk_n be_v ever_o more_o observant_a of_o the_o canonical_a hour_n than_o he_o of_o fast_n it_o 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the_o woman_n be_v employ_v for_o the_o use_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o empress_n he_o be_v of_o so_o mild_a a_o temper_n that_o he_o seldom_o condemn_v any_o to_o death_n but_o most_o common_o to_o the_o strappado_n and_o banishment_n into_o siberia_n be_v one_o time_n urge_v by_o some_o of_o his_o foreign_a officer_n to_o make_v it_o death_n for_o any_o man_n to_o desert_n his_o colour_n he_o answer_v they_o that_o he_o think_v that_o will_v be_v too_o hard_a upon_o the_o poor_a soldier_n since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o god_n have_v not_o give_v every_o man_n a_o equal_a share_n of_o courage_n notwithstanding_o these_o his_o mild_a and_o charitable_a inclination_n he_o be_v of_o a_o warlike_a spirit_n have_v be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o pole_n swede_n crim-tartar_n and_o turk_n for_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a of_o the_o advantage_n the_o pole_n have_v get_v during_o the_o late_a intestine_a commotion_n in_o muscovy_n by_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o province_n of_o severia_n and_o sâ—olâ—â—sko_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o which_o they_o be_v confirm_v by_o virtue_n of_o the_o truce_n make_v by_o his_o father_n mâ—chael_n federoviâ—s_v after_o his_o disgrace_n receive_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o smolensko_n and_o the_o term_n of_o the_o say_a truce_n be_v now_o expire_v when_o the_o pole_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o mortal_a quarrel_n with_o the_o cosack_n he_o look_v upon_o this_o juncture_n as_o the_o most_o fabourable_a that_o can_v be_v by_o the_o recovery_n of_o these_o province_n to_o secure_v his_o frontier_n against_o so_o potent_a a_o neighbour_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v settle_v a_o correspondence_n with_o chmielniski_n the_o then_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n and_o offer_v they_o his_o protection_n these_o be_v aâ—_n first_o very_o successful_a against_o the_o pole_n of_o who_o they_o kill_v ten_o thousand_o upon_o the_o spot_n and_o take_v from_o they_o the_o city_n of_o kiovia_n and_o the_o pole_n have_v draw_v out_o a_o second_o time_n their_o whole_a force_n against_o they_o be_v again_o miserable_o beat_v by_o the_o cosack_n till_o at_o last_o have_v commit_v great_a depredation_n in_o poland_n king_n john_n casimir_n be_v oblige_v to_o march_v in_o person_n against_o they_o who_o have_v total_o rout_v they_o they_o embrace_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n pole_n hâ—s_n wâ—r_n with_o the_o pole_n he_o find_v himself_o thus_o strengthen_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o force_n do_v apply_v all_o his_o care_n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o smolensko_n for_o which_o purpose_n have_v bring_v together_o a_o great_a army_n smolensko_n the_o take_v of_o smolensko_n and_o a_o vast_a train_n of_o artislery_n he_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n in_o the_o year_n 1653._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o resolute_a defence_n of_o the_o polish_v garrison_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n next_o follow_v the_o take_n of_o which_o place_n be_v chief_o attribute_v to_o the_o cosack_n who_o upon_o all_o occasion_n give_v the_o utmost_a proof_n of_o their_o bravery_n and_o hatred_n against_o the_o pole_n during_o this_o memorable_a siege_n have_v thus_o open_v his_o way_n into_o poland_n he_o carry_v the_o terror_n of_o his_o victorious_a arm_n into_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n he_o ravage_v the_o whole_a country_n take_v many_o city_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1655._o also_o the_o capital_a city_n vilna_n take_v vilna_n call_v vilna_n where_o as_o well_o as_o in_o other_o place_n the_o muscovite_n commit_v most_o horrid_a barbarity_n in_o retaliation_n as_o they_o say_v of_o those_o calamity_n they_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o polish_v invasion_n during_o their_o intestine_a commotion_n in_o the_o same_o year_n charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n enter_v poland_n with_o a_o army_n of_o choose_a man_n and_o
destruction_n there_o will_v be_v some_o that_o will_v take_v sure_a measure_n than_o i_o have_v do_v he_o be_v go_v on_o in_o his_o discourse_n if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v drag_v away_o immediate_o to_o prison_n where_o after_o have_v be_v put_v to_o the_o rack_n he_o be_v execute_v private_o for_o fear_v of_o incense_a the_o people_n this_o outrage_n be_v soon_o after_o follow_v by_o another_o less_o dangerous_a in_o its_o contrivance_n but_o sufficient_o convince_a to_o gallizin_v of_o the_o sentiment_n the_o people_n have_v of_o his_o ministry_n he_o be_v then_o just_a upon_o his_o departure_n for_o the_o army_n which_o he_o be_v to_o command_v as_o general_n against_o the_o crim_n tartar_n when_o one_o night_n a_o cover_a coffin_n be_v find_v at_o his_o palace_n gate_n with_o a_o note_n in_o it_o contain_v these_o word_n gallizin_n unless_o the_o campaign_n which_o thou_o be_v now_o go_v to_o open_v prove_v more_o successful_a than_o the_o former_a we_o be_v resolve_v to_o make_v 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the_o peaceable_a enjoyment_n of_o the_o two_o kingdom_n of_o iveria_n and_o mengrelia_n which_o border_n upon_o persia_n the_o chan_n of_o persia_n archilla_n prince_n archilla_n who_o be_v vassal_n he_o be_v and_o to_o purchase_v who_o favour_n he_o have_v change_v his_o religion_n be_v very_o favourable_a to_o he_o at_o first_o and_o though_o he_o not_o long_o after_o return_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o profess_v before_o do_v not_o use_v he_o with_o the_o same_o severity_n as_o he_o do_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o petty_a prince_n that_o be_v his_o vassal_n but_o this_o seem_a kindness_n of_o he_o proceed_v as_o it_o appear_v afterward_o not_o so_o much_o from_o any_o inclination_n he_o have_v for_o his_o person_n as_o the_o beauty_n of_o his_o princess_n for_o have_v receive_v great_a recommendation_n of_o the_o excellency_n of_o her_o person_n as_o he_o be_v insatiable_a in_o his_o lust_n to_o woman_n so_o though_o he_o never_o have_v see_v she_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o purchase_v the_o enjoyment_n of_o so_o much_o beauty_n at_o any_o rate_n so_o that_o he_o make_v this_o unfortunate_a prince_n sufficient_o sensible_a that_o he_o have_v no_o long_o any_o regard_n for_o his_o person_n be_v now_o become_v no_o less_o troublesome_a to_o he_o than_o he_o have_v appear_v kind_a before_o his_o first_o endeavour_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o fair_a mean_n by_o vast_a promise_n and_o hope_n of_o great_a reward_n but_o these_o prove_v insufficient_a to_o obtain_v his_o desire_n he_o proceed_v from_o mildness_n to_o threat_n but_o find_v these_o also_o not_o to_o have_v the_o desire_a effect_n he_o have_v recourse_n to_o open_a violence_n order_v his_o force_n to_o advance_v into_o the_o territory_n of_o archilla_n to_o seize_v he_o and_o his_o princess_n and_o carry_v they_o prisoner_n to_o his_o court._n archilla_n dread_v the_o indignation_n of_o the_o chan_n who_o be_v forces_n he_o be_v not_o strong_a enough_o to_o oppose_v be_v oblige_v to_o seek_v for_o safety_n in_o his_o flight_n and_o retire_v with_o the_o princess_n to_o the_o utmost_a confine_n of_o this_o kingdom_n of_o iveria_n which_o be_v the_o most_o distant_a from_o persia_n border_n upon_o the_o turkish_a territory_n on_o that_o side_n towards_o the_o black_a sea_n in_o hope_v to_o shelter_v themselves_o there_o against_o the_o force_n of_o their_o enemy_n but_o the_o chan_n of_o persia_n resolve_v not_o to_o quit_v his_o pretention_n at_o that_o rate_n find_v mean_n to_o engage_v the_o turkish_a grand_a signior_n in_o his_o quarrel_n who_o have_v send_v some_o force_n to_o seize_v the_o prince_n they_o surprise_v and_o carry_v he_o to_o a_o castle_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o turk_n on_o the_o border_n of_o iveria_n where_o he_o be_v detain_v prisoner_n till_o further_a order_n they_o have_v show_v so_o much_o favour_n to_o the_o princess_n who_o they_o be_v unwilling_a to_o use_v with_o violence_n that_o they_o have_v not_o detain_v her_o person_n but_o she_o be_v exasperate_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n by_o the_o outrage_n commit_v upon_o her_o husband_n retire_v secret_o into_o iveria_n where_o without_o any_o further_a delay_n have_v assemble_v some_o gentleman_n the_o brave_a and_o most_o trusty_a among_o her_o subject_n she_o like_o another_o amazon_n march_v at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o to_o the_o relief_n of_o her_o husband_n the_o garrison_n have_v get_v some_o intelligence_n of_o her_o approach_n some_o hour_n before_o her_o arrival_n near_o the_o place_n wherefore_o have_v prepare_v themselves_o for_o a_o resolute_a defence_n the_o iverians_n meet_v with_o a_o stout_a resistance_n but_o be_v encourage_v by_o the_o presence_n and_o example_n of_o their_o princess_n who_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o deliver_v her_o husband_n or_o to_o fall_v in_o the_o attempt_n they_o at_o last_o force_v the_o castle_n where_o their_o prince_n be_v keep_v prisoner_n in_o spite_n of_o all_o the_o resistance_n the_o soldier_n can_v make_v carry_v he_o off_o and_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n so_o soon_o as_o they_o have_v time_n to_o reflect_v upon_o their_o present_a condition_n they_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a that_o a_o act_n so_o extraordinary_a and_o so_o bold_a must_v needs_o draw_v upon_o they_o the_o indignation_n of_o both_o these_o great_a prince_n their_o neighbour_n and_o that_o consequent_o they_o can_v not_o tarry_v long_o with_o safety_n in_o their_o kingdom_n encompass_v as_o it_o be_v on_o all_o side_n by_o their_o enemy_n therefore_o they_o be_v force_v to_o abandon_v their_o subject_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o these_o two_o potent_a neighbour_n and_o with_o some_o of_o their_o most_o trusty_a friend_n to_o seek_v for_o shelter_n in_o muscovy_n they_o be_v receive_v with_o all_o the_o demonstration_n of_o friendship_n by_o the_o two_o czar_n muscovy_n prince_n archilla_n arrive_v in_o muscovy_n who_o assign_v they_o a_o palace_n in_o the_o city_n of_o musco_n and_o during_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n allow_v they_o a_o pension_n suitable_a to_o their_o quality_n till_o their_o subject_n have_v compose_v matter_n with_o the_o grand_a signior_n and_o become_v weary_a of_o the_o persian_a yoke_n solicit_v their_o return_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o iveria_n and_o mangrelia_n promise_v to_o sacrifice_v all_o what_o be_v dear_a to_o they_o for_o their_o interest_n against_o the_o persian_n their_o common_a enemy_n the_o same_o year_n the_o young_a of_o the_o two_o czar_n marry_v the_o present_a czar_n marry_v the_o same_o who_o late_o honour_v this_o kingdom_n with_o his_o presence_n marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o a_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n he_o be_v then_o but_o eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o a_o few_o day_n after_o the_o marriage_n be_v publish_v by_o the_o sound_n of_o the_o great_a bell_n in_o musco_n perhaps_o the_o fine_a in_o the_o world_n he_o be_v seize_v with_o the_o fall_a sickness_n those_o who_o do_v not_o know_v this_o distemper_n to_o be_v hereditary_a to_o his_o family_n but_o be_v sufficient_o acquaint_v with_o those_o frequent_a misfortune_n that_o happen_v in_o muscovy_n to_o person_n of_o a_o high_a rank_n at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o marriage_n occasion_v by_o the_o envy_n of_o the_o contend_a rival_n of_o the_o female_a sex_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o effect_n of_o the_o jealousy_n of_o such_o family_n as_o be_v by_o this_o marriage_n exclude_v from_o the_o hope_n of_o that_o alliance_n they_o have_v aspire_v to_o have_v let_v their_o vengeance_n fall_v upon_o their_o young_a prince_n but_o this_o accident_n not_o be_v attend_v with_o any_o further_a ill_a consequence_n these_o rumour_n be_v soon_o disperse_v and_o the_o rejoice_n continue_v to_o the_o great_a satisfaction_n of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o have_v place_v the_o chief_a hope_n of_o their_o future_a prosperity_n in_o the_o activity_n and_o courage_n of_o a_o prince_n who_o soon_o
the_o archbishop_z of_o riga_n and_o the_o coadjutor_n of_o the_o order_n of_o livonia_n have_v make_v a_o league_n defensive_a with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n unto_o who_o they_o have_v promise_v 300000_o l._n sterling_n towards_o the_o defray_a the_o charge_n of_o the_o war_n and_o for_o his_o security_n have_v engage_v several_a bailywick_n but_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o extreme_a danger_n they_o be_v in_o and_o how_o the_o city_n of_o revel_n and_o the_o province_n of_o esthonie_n or_o esthland_n have_v be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n refuse_v to_o execute_v the_o treaty_n unless_o they_o will_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o livonia_n and_o submit_v themselves_o upon_o the_o same_o term_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o sweden_n be_v therefore_o reduce_v to_o a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o choose_v the_o least_o evil_a the_o archbishop_n and_o master_n of_o the_o order_n be_v force_v to_o surrender_v all_o the_o act_n and_o charter_n they_o have_v obtain_v from_o the_o emperor_n and_o pope_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o prince_n radzivil_n who_o in_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n name_n receive_v also_o from_o they_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n give_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n with_o the_o country_n of_o gourland_n to_o the_o master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o courland_n in_o the_o year_n 1562._o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o to_o wit_n in_o the_o year_n 1582._o by_o virtue_n of_o a_o peace_n conclude_v with_o the_o muscovite_n the_o pole_n get_v into_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a livonia_n except_o that_o part_n of_o esthonie_n which_o have_v surrender_v to_o the_o swede_n who_o by_o degree_n get_v all_o the_o rest_n from_o the_o pole_n which_o be_v entire_o resign_v to_o they_o in_o the_o year_n 1666._o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n make_v betwixt_o these_o two_o crown_n in_o the_o monastery_n of_o oliva_n near_o dantzick_n the_o country_n of_o livonia_n be_v very_o fertile_a but_o especial_o in_o wheat_n abound_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o cattle_n fowl_n and_o venison_n a_o ox_n be_v common_o to_o be_v buy_v here_o for_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o hog_n for_o a_o crown_n and_o a_o good_a hare_n for_o a_o groat_n but_o have_v within_o these_o two_o year_n last_o pass_v be_v so_o oppress_v with_o famine_n that_o a_o great_a many_o thousand_o of_o the_o peasant_n have_v die_v for_o hunger_n its_o inhabitant_n must_v be_v consider_v under_o different_a qualification_n livonia_n inhabitant_n of_o livonia_n the_o first_o be_v the_o german_n and_o their_o posterity_n out_o of_o which_o most_o of_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o city_n be_v compose_v the_o second_o be_v the_o peasant_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o live_v in_o the_o champain_n country_n of_o lettie_n and_o esthonie_n have_v nothing_o they_o can_v call_v their_o own_o but_o be_v absolute_a slave_n either_o to_o the_o nobility_n or_o chief_a citizen_n they_o be_v call_v by_o the_o german_n vnteutsche_n that_o be_v to_o say_v no_o germane_a perhaps_o because_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o conform_v themselves_o to_o the_o manner_n of_o live_v and_o language_n of_o the_o german_n they_o be_v the_o great_a slave_n in_o the_o world_n but_o it_o be_v allege_v against_o they_o that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v under_o such_o a_o severe_a subjection_n they_o will_v be_v always_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n at_o any_o rate_n of_o which_o they_o have_v give_v some_o proof_n when_o ever_o any_o occasion_n present_v the_o origin_n of_o the_o livonian_a nobility_n be_v found_v upon_o the_o service_n they_o have_v in_o former_a age_n do_v against_o the_o infidel_n and_o muscovite_n nobility_n their_o nobility_n they_o be_v free_a from_o all_o tax_n and_o charge_n volmar_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v they_o manor_n to_o hold_v in_o fealty_n which_o be_v confirm_v by_o eric_n vii_o by_o letter_n patent_n and_o augment_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o short_a sword_n and_o the_o grand_a master_n of_o prussia_n some_o of_o these_o manor_n especial_o in_o the_o district_v of_o harrie_n and_o wirland_n be_v inheritable_a by_o the_o daughter_n and_o their_o issue_n to_o the_o five_o degree_n but_o they_o be_v above_o all_o behold_n to_o that_o famous_a walter_n de_fw-fr plattenbergh_n who_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1513._o acknowledge_v a_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n exempt_v the_o nobility_n from_o all_o subjection_n except_v such_o service_n as_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v in_o person_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o manor_n when_o necessity_n oblige_v they_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o swede_n they_o do_v not_o submit_v to_o that_o crown_n but_o with_o a_o proviso_n of_o retain_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o keep_v to_o this_o day_n there_o be_v once_o a_o year_n a_o review_n make_v of_o this_o nobility_n which_o do_v not_o only_o upon_o occasion_n furnish_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n with_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o horse_n but_o also_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o sweden_n as_o their_o chief_a nursery_n of_o officer_n even_o to_o the_o general_n of_o army_n the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n both_o as_o to_o policy_n and_o justice_n be_v commit_v to_o twelve_o of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v the_o council_n of_o the_o country_n of_o which_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n be_v precedent_n their_o judicial_a process_n be_v very_o short_a and_o decide_v once_o a_o year_n to_o wit_n in_o january_n by_o this_o council_n who_o after_o a_o declaration_n and_o a_o answer_n proceed_v immediate_o to_o judgement_n to_o perform_v this_o with_o the_o more_o conveniency_n each_o province_n have_v its_o own_o captain_n as_o they_o call_v he_o who_o business_n be_v to_o represent_v to_o the_o governor_n and_o council_n the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o this_o employment_n be_v never_o continue_v above_o three_o year_n in_o the_o same_o person_n there_o be_v also_o certain_a triennial_n judge_n appoint_v for_o the_o determine_n of_o difference_n in_o the_o flat_a country_n concern_v the_o limit_n betwixt_o private_a man_n which_o have_v be_v render_v dubious_a by_o the_o war_n and_o some_o other_o judge_n or_o overseer_n of_o the_o highway_n bridge_n and_o causway_n but_o from_o all_o these_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n to_o the_o council_n of_o the_o country_n as_o to_o their_o religion_n religion_n their_o religion_n they_o be_v lutheran_n here_o which_o must_v be_v chief_o understand_v from_o the_o nobility_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o city_n but_o as_o for_o the_o peasant_n they_o can_v scarce_o be_v call_v half_a christian_n much_o less_o to_o be_v say_v of_o any_o particular_a religion_n be_v even_o to_o this_o day_n so_o deep_o entangle_v in_o their_o heathenish_a superstition_n that_o they_o scarce_o ever_o go_v to_o church_n or_o at_o least_o never_o communicate_v unless_o it_o be_v by_o force_n they_o be_v notwithstanding_o that_o wretched_a and_o slavish_a condition_n they_o live_v in_o quite_o regardless_o of_o any_o thing_n else_o but_o this_o life_n it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o when_o they_o take_v a_o oath_n they_o conclude_v with_o these_o word_n if_o i_o do_v not_o swear_v true_a i_o be_o content_a that_o the_o curse_n of_o god_n may_v light_v upon_o my_o body_n and_o soul_n upon_o my_o child_n upon_o all_o what_o appertain_v to_o i_o to_o the_o nine_o generation_n some_o of_o they_o especial_o the_o peasant_n about_o riga_n if_o they_o be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n at_o law_n put_v a_o turf_n upon_o their_o head_n with_o a_o white_a stick_n in_o their_o hand_n thereby_o signify_v that_o they_o consent_v 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