Anathema vpon Anathema That concerning their becomming Proselytes Drusius doubteth whether it may not bee translated that a stranger Cuthaean should not abide in Israel which is more likely The other had beene more impious their zeale to make Proselytes of all Nations is knowne To returne to Manasses Iosephus saith that the high Priests and the Elders put him from the Altar who therefore went to Sanballat his Father in law and told him that he loued his daughter well but would not for her lose his Priest-hood Sanballat replied that if he would retaine his daughter he would not onely maintayne him in his Priest-hood but procure him a high-Priests place and make him Prince of all his Prouince and would build a Temple like to that of Ierusalem in mount Garizim which looketh ouer Samaria higher then the other Hills and that with the consent of K. Darius Hereupon Manasses abode with him and many Priests and Israelites being intangled with like marriages reuolted to him and were maintayned by Sanballat But now Alexander preuailing against Darius Sanballat whose Religion was Policie rebelled and tooke part with Alexander and in reward thereof obtayned leaue to build his Temple whereof Manasses enioyed to him and his successors the Pontificall dignitie Then was the Circumcision diuided some as said the Samaritan woman worshipping in this Mountaine others at Ierusalem The zeale which the Samatitans had to their Temple appeared in the time of Ptolomaeus Philometor when at Alexandria Sabbaeus and Theodosius with their Samaritans contended with Andronicus and the Iewes these challenging to Ierusalem those to Garizim the lawful honor of a Temple both parties swearing by God and the King to bring proofe of their assertion out of the law and beseeching the King to do him to death that should not make his part good and thereupon the Samaritans failing in proofe were adiudged to punishment The Samaritans in the prosperitie of the Iewes professed themselues their kinsmen and allies in aduersitie disclaymed them and their God also as appeareth in their Epistle to Antiochus that figure of Antichrist and persecuter of the Iewish Religion in which they call themselues Sidonians dwelling in Sichem and say that moued by ancient superstition they had embraced the Feast of the Sabbath and building a Temple of a namelesse Deity had offered therein solemne Sacrifices whereas therefore their originall was Sidonian and not Iewish pleased him to enact that their Temple might beare name of Iupiter Graecanicus and they might liue after the Greekish Rites These things Antiochus easily granted This Sichem is called Sichar Io. 4.5 It was after that called Neapolis and lastly of the Colonie which Vespasian or Domitian placed there Flauia Caesarea Of that Colonie was it is Scaligers testimony Animal Euseb pag. 201. Iustin Martyr omnium Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum qui hodie extant vetustissimus which occasioned Epiphanius his error that of a Samaritan he became a Christian whereas he was neuer a Samaritan in Religion but only of this Samaritan Colonie In this were in the age of Beniamin one hundred Samaritans the words of Beniamin are worthy the inserting I came saith he to Samaria in which the Palace of Ahab is yet to be knowne a place very delectable with Springs Riuers Gardens c. and hath not one Iew inhabiting Two leagues from hence is Nables somtime called Sichem in mount Ephraim where are no Iews The Citie is situate betweene the hils of Garizim and Heball there are about a hundred Cuthaeans which obserue only the law of Moses They are called Samaritans they haue Priests of the posterity of Aaron which resteth in peace who marry not with any other but the men or women of their owne stock and are there commonly called Aaronites they sacrifice and burne their offerings in a Synagogue which they haue on Mount Garizim citing out of the law Thou shalt giue a blessing vpon the Mount Gerizim this say they is the house of the Sanctuarie and on the Paschall and other solemnities they Sacrifice on an Altar in Mount Garizim made of stones taken by the Israelites out of Iordan They boast themselues to be of the Tribe of Ephraim With them is the Sepulchre of Ioseph He addeth which Scaliger saith is a slender that they want three Letters He Cheth Ain whereas they reade the Pentateuch in so many and the same Letters in which Moses wrote them as Postel and Scaliger affirme and those which the Iewes vse are later counterfeits the example whereof Scaliger hath giuen vs in their Computation in the last Edition of his Emendation yea they are now also further from Idolatrie then the Iewes themselues howsoeuer in their Talmud and else where they brand them with false and odious imputations Beniamin also testifieth that they abstaine from pollution by the dead or bones the slaine and the Sepulchres And euery day when they goe into the Synagogue they put off their vsuall clothes and hauing washed their bodies with water put on other clothes sacred only to this purpose Beniamin found of these Cuthaeans two hundred in Caesarea at Benibera or new Ascalon three hundred and at Damascus foure hundred Hircanus by force tooke both Sichem and Garizim Two hundred yeeres after the foundation of this Temple as testifieth Iosephus hapned this desolation thereof The zeale yet continued as appeareth by many testimonies of Scripture The Iewes medled not with the Samaritanes which made the woman wonder that Christ asked drinke of a Samaritan Another time the Samaritans would not receiue him because his behauiour was as though he would goe to Ierusalem for which fact of theirs the sonnes of thunder would haue brought lightning from heauen vpon them And the Iewish despite could not obiect worse in their most venemous slander then Thou art a Samaritan This Ierusalem-iourney through the Samaritans countrey caused bloudie warres and slaughter betwixt the Galilaeans and them in the time of Cumanus to the destruction of many And before that in the daies of Pilate a cosining Prophet abused their zeale bidding them to assemble in mount Garizim with promise there to shew them the sacred vessels which said he Moses had there hidden Whereupon they seditiously assembling and besieging Tirabatha Pilate came vpon them with his forces and cut them in peeces Their opinions besides those aforesaid were that onely the fiue bookes of Moses were Canonicall Scripture the rest they receiued not They acknowledge not the Resurrection nor the Trinitie and in zeale of one GOD abandon all Idolatries which it seemeth was receiued of them after the building of the Temple and mixture with the Apostate Iewes the Scripture testifying otherwise of their former deuotions They wash themselues with Vrine when they come from any stranger being forsooth polluted And if they haue touched one of another Nation they diue themselues garments and all in water Such a prophanation is the touch of one of another faith They haue a dead corps
clensed and a greater Leprosie then Naamans is daily clensed in the Church by the lauer of Regeneration first sanctified to that vse in this streame where the holy Trinitie did first yeeld it selfe in sensible apparition to the world thereby to consecrate that Baptisme whereby wee are consecrated to this blessed Trinitie the Father Sonne and Holy Ghost In which respect Pilgrims in memorie thereof doe still wash themselues in this riuer spotting themselues further I feare by this washing with some myre of superstition I cannot blame this sacred streame if it seeme loth as Plinie sayth to leaue so fertile a Countrey and lingreth as long as it may in lakes by the way not only for that salt Sea or hellish Lake which shutteth vp his guiltlesse waues in perpetual imprisonment but also for those pleasures in the passage the fruits of the earth without exaction freely yeelded as Roses Sage Rue c. of the trees in Oliues Figs Pomegranates Dates and Vines which last the Mahumetan superstition doth not cherish and the Westerne Christians did so husband that one Vine by their arte industrie yeelded three vintages in August Septemb. October The grapes of Eshcol which could lade two men with one cluster were not so famous as the Balme of Gilead which the first Merchants we reade of from that Mart vented to other parts of the world These Balme-trees grew in the Vale of Iericho which being cut yeelded this precious liquor whereof besides the admirable effects in cures other wonders are told by ancient and later Writers too long heere to relate Bellonius will doe it for mee if any list to reade his Obseruation Hee is not of their mind which thinke there is now no true Balsam in the World these in Iudaea being perished but thinketh in Arabia-Foelix it groweth naturally from whence some shrubs he saw in Cairo But I should be too tedious if I should insist on this Argument That instance of such a world of people in such a patch of the world doth sufficiently declare the fertilitie when as Dauid numbred them an eleuen thousand Israelites and of Iuda foure hundred seuentie thousand or as in 2. Sam. 24.9 fiue hundred thousand which drew Sword and yet Beniamin and Leui were not reckoned in this number and in the dayes of Ieroboam Abija King of Iuda brought into the field foure hundred thousand and Ieroboam eight hundred thousand and on this part were slaine in one battell fiue hundred thousand all choice men which Historie cannot bee matched with the like in all Ages and places of the world that a Countrey an hundred and sixtie miles long and not aboue sixtie in bredth should nourish at once or lose in a battell such multitudes not to speake of impotent persons women and children But this multitude by ciuill warres and inuasions of enemies decreased till first the reliques of Israel and after the remnant of Iuda were by the Assyrians and Babylonians led captiue and the Land enioyed her Sabbaths For the Kingdome of Israel consisting of ten Tribes some reckon Simeon also to Iuda because of his portion mixed with Iudaes as Beniamins was adioyning thereto to whom the Leuites like wise and Priests forsaking their Cities and all the religious Israelites annexed themselues forsooke not the house of Dauid onely but the house of the Lord and set them vp Calues Aegyptian superstitions at Dan and Bethel and made Priests for their Idolatrous purpose This their rebellion and apostasie GOD plagued with ciuill dissention and forren hostilitie vntill at last the Assyrians remoued them altogether and repeopled those parts with new Colonies Such is the end of religion which hath not GOD for the beginning but is grounded on humane policie a sandie foundation Iuda could not take warning but prouoking GOD by idolatrous courses at last was carried to Babel and thence after seuentie yeeres returned The historie of these things so fully related in Scripture I should but marre in the telling After this their returne the Land was not as before named after the portions of the seuerall Tribes but was called by a generall name Iudaea and the people Iewes because the Tribe of Iuda had before inhabited those parts or at least the principall of them dilating themselues further as they encreased in number and power But more especially Iudaea was the name of one third part of the Countrey by that name distinguished from the other two Samaria and Galilea which two last are sometimes referred to Phoenicia Galilaea was the most Northerly confining on Libanus and Antilibanus toward the North Phoenicia Westerly Coelosyria on the East and Samaria with Arabia inclosing her Southerly borders Iordan parteth it in the middest It was diuided into the higher and lower Galilee the higher called also Galilee of the Gentiles contayneth the springs of Iordan and those Cities which Salomon gaue to Hiram The lower was also called Galilee of Tiberias that Citie giuing name both to the Lake and Region in which Nazareth was famous and the hill Thabor Samaria is seated betwixt Galilee and Iudaea much lesse then either of them Iudaea is the most Southerly betweene the Mediterranean and Dead Seas Samaria and Idumea Plinie maketh Galilaea a part of it and Peraea another part separated from the rest by Iordan The rest he diuideth into ten Toparchies Ierico Emaus Lidda Ioppe Acrabatena Gophnitica Thamnitica Betholene Tephene Orine in which was Ierusalem farre the fairest of the Cities of the East not of Iudaea alone Herodium with a famous Towne of the same name Hee addeth vnto these the Region of Decapolis so called of the number of the Townes and the Tetrarchies Trachonitis Paneas Abila Arca Ampeloessa Gabe Those ten Townes of Decapolis were Caesarca Philippi Asor Cedes Neptalim Sephet Corozain Capharnaum Bethsaida Iotapata Tiberias and Bethsan otherwise called Scythopolis and before Nysa where Bacchus buried his Nurse But these are parts of those former parts aboue mentioned and so may wee say of the rest sustayning in diuers respects diuers diuisions best fitting to the present polities and little to our purpose Those things which of old were famous in those places are mentioned in the Scripture Those things which since haue beene more remarkable I purpose in the next part of this Worke of Christian Religions to handle and especially the rarities of Ierusalem sometimes the holy Citie and Citie of the great King now a Den of Theeues an habitation of Mahumetans or rather now not at all for this which is now is a new Citie called by the Founder Aelia Capitolina built by Aelius Adrianus who caused the plough to passe through and salt to be sowne in the old as testifying her eternall desolation and fulfilling Christs prophesie to the vtmost not leauing a stone vpon a stone if Titus had not fully accomplished the same before Arias Montanus in his Nehemias affirmeth that Ierusalem was founded
Epiphanius hath written of the Gnostikes alone fully and particularly be considered all these Ethnike and Mahumetan superstitions would comparatiuely be iustified So true is that olde saying Corruptio optimi pessima and of the Truth it selfe Sodom and her daughters not comparable to Ierusalem with hers and of the iustest Iudge that it shall bee easier at the day of Iudgement for Those then These And what indeede doth more set forth the glory of Gods grace then in pardoning his power then in reforming his justice then in giuing men vp to such delusions Are not these the Trophees and glorious victories of THE CROSSE OF CHRIST that hath subuerted the Temples Oracles Sacrifices and Seruices of the Deuill And maist not thou see herein what Man is and thou thy selfe maist bee if God leaue thee to thy selfe Read therefore with prayses vnto GOD the Father of thy light and prayers for these Heathens that GOD may bring them out of the snare of the Deuill that Christ may be his saluation to the ends of the World And let me also obtaine thy prayers in this my Pilgrimage to be therein directed to the glorie of GOD and good of my Countrie Euen so LORD IESVS THE CONTENTS OF THE SEVERALL CHAPTERS AND PARAGRAPHS IN THESE BOOKES ENSVING ASIA THE FIRST BOOKE Of the first beginnings of the World and Religion and of the Regions and Religions of Babylonia Assyria Syria Phoenicia and Palestina CHAP. I. OF GOD One in Nature Three in Persons the FATHER SONNE and HOLY GHOST pag. 1 CHAP. II. Of the Creation of the World pag. 5 CHAP. III. Of Man considered in his first state wherein he was created and of Paradise the place of his habitation pag. 13 CHAP. IIII. Of the word Religion and of the Religion of our first Parents before the fall pag. 17 CHAP. V. Of the fall of Man and of Originall sin p. 21 CHAP. VI. Of the reliques of the Diuine Image after the fall whereby naturally men addict themselues vnto some Religion and what was the Religion of the World before the floud pag. 25 CHAP. VII Of the cause and comming of the Floud p. 30 CHAP. VIII Of the repeopling of the World and of the diuision of Tongues and Nations pag. 34 CHAP. IX A Geographicall Narration of the whole Earth in generall and more particularly of Asia pag. 39 CHAP. X. Of Babylonia the originall of Idolatrie and the Chaldaeans Antiquities before the Floud as Berosus hath reported them p. 44 CHAP. XI Of the City and Country of Babylon their sumptuous Wals Temples and Images pag. 47 CHAP. XII Of the Priests Sacrifices religious rites and customes of the Babylonians pag. 51 CHAP. XIII The Chaldaean and Assyrian Chronicle or computation of Times with their manifold alterations of Religions and Gouernment in those parts vntill our time pag. 59 CHAP. XIIII Of Niniue and other neighbouring Nations pag. 65 CHAP. XV. Of Syria and the ancient Religions there of the Syrià n Goddesse and her Rites at Hierapolis of the Daphnaean and other Syrian Superstitions pag. 67 CHAP. XVI Of the Syrian Kings and alteration in Gouernment and Religion in those Countries pag. 73 CHAP. XVII Of Phoenicia and of the Theologie and Religion of the ancient Phoenicians of their Arts and Inuentions pag. 76 CHAP. XVIII Of Palaestina and the first Inhabitants thereof the Sodomites Idumaeans Moabites Ammonites and Canaanites with others pag. 83 THE SECOND BOOKE Of the Hebrew Nation and Religion from the beginning thereof to our times CHAP. I. THe Preface of this Booke and a Description of the Region of Palaestina since called Iudaea and now Terra Sancta pag. 89 CHAP. II. OF the Hebrew Patriarches and their Religion before the Law also of their Law and Politie pag. 95 § I. Of the Patriarchs and Religion before the Law ibid. § II. Of the Law of Moses the twelue Tribes and of Proselytes pag. 96 § III. Of the Hebrew Polity and ciuill Gouernment pag. 97 § IIII. Of the Iewish Excommunications pag. 100 CHAP. III. OF the Religious places among the Israelites their Tabernacle Temples Synagogues pag. 101 CHAP. IIII. OF the Iewish computation of Time and of their Festiuall dayes pag. 105 CHAP. V. OF the Festiuall dayes instituted by God in the Law pag. 108 CHAP. VI. OF the Feasts and Fasts which the Iewes instituted to themselues with a Kalender of their Feasts and Fasts through the yeere as they are now obserued pag. 113 CHAP. VII OF the ancient Oblations Gifts and Sacrifices of the Iewes of their Tithes and of their Priests and persons Ecclesiasticall and Religious pag. 115 § I. Of their Oblations Gifts and Sacrifices ibid. § II. Of Tithes and their manner of Tithing pag. 116 § III. Of their Personall Offerings and of their and our Ecclesiasticall Reuenues pag. 119 § IIII. Of their first-borne Priests Leuites and other Religious persons pag. 121 CHAP. VIII OF the diuers Sects Opinions and Alterations of Religion amongst the Hebrewes pag. 123 § I. Of their ancient Diuisions and Idolatries ibid. § II. Of the Karraim and Rabbinists and of Hasidaei pag. 125 § III. Of the Pharises pag. 126 § IIII. Of the Sadduces pag. 129 § V. Of the Hessees pag. 130 § VI. Of the Scribes pag. 132 § VII Of many other Iewish Sects and Heresies pag. 133 CHAP. IX OF the Samaritans pag. 136 CHAP. X. THe miserable destruction and dispersion of the Iewes from the time of the desolation of their Citie and Temple to this day p. 140 § I. Of the destruction of the Iewes vnder Titus ibid. § II. Of the destruction of the Iewes vnder Adrian pag. 141 § III. Of other their false Christs and seducing Prophets pag. 143 § IIII. Of the miserable dispersions of the Iewes pag. 144 § V. Of the estate of the Iewes and their dispersed habitations in the time of Ben. Tudelensis pag. 146 § VI. Of some Iewes lately found in China and of their late accidents in Germany pag. 150 § VII Of the Iewes sometimes liuing in England collected out of ancient Records by Master Iohn Selden of the Inner Temple pag. 151 CHAP. XI A Chronologie of the Iewish Historie from the beginning of the World briefly collected pag. 153 CHAP. XII OF the Iewish Talmud and the composition and estimation thereof also of the Iewish learned men their succession their Cabalists Masorites their Rabbines Vniuersities Students Rabbinicall Creations their Scriptures and the Translations of them pag. 155 § I. Of the Talmud ibid. § II. Of the ancient Iewish Authors and their Cabalists pag. 161 § III. Of the Rabbines the Rites of their Creation the Iewish Vniuersities and Students pag. 164 § IIII. Of the Scriptures and their Interpretations pag. 168 CHAP. XIII OF the Moderne Iewes Creed or the Articles of their Faith with their interpretation of the same and their Affirmatiue and Negatiue Precepts pag. 170 § I. Of their Creed ibid. § II. Of the Negatiue Precepts expounded by the Rabbines pag. 174 § III. Of their Affirmatiue Precepts pag.
of Berosus and other ancient Authors he sayth the Tyrians and Sydonians called him 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the Greekes made Belus and so Mr. Selden also is of opinion that these names 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 differ onely according to the proprietie of the language and not indeed for the Grammarians obserue that the Chaldee words often lose that middle letter Elias in his Thesbi obserueth that Baal signifieth the act of generation which may well agree with those beastly Baal-rites before mentioned Baal is read in the foeminine gender Tob. 1.5 Rom. 11.4 In Photius is mentioned that the Phoenicians and Syrians called Saturne 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 EL and Bel and Bolathes Lilius Giraldus out of Seruius affirmeth that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Assyrian language signifieth the Sunne from whence the Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is deriued some attribute this to the Phoenician tongue in which Hal signifieth GOD. The Assyrians named Saturne and the Sunne Hel. The Indians called that Hercules which Tully de Nat. Deor. numbreth the first Belus But we find no end of these Labyrinths D. Willet in his Comment vpon Daniel hath these words The Chaldaeans had fiue Idols three gods and two goddesses Their first god was Bel a name contracted of Behel which commeth of Bahal which signifieth a Lord to whom was built that Temple before mentioned The second was the Sunne which they called Rach that is a King because he is chiefe among the Planets and the Persians call him Mithra as Iustinus Martyr sayth Dialog in Triphon The Priests of this Idoll were called Raciophantae Obseruers of the Sunne Their third god was Nego the Fire so called of the brightnesse this was carried about among them the Priests were called Ortophantae Their first goddesse was Shacha which was the Earth worshipped also of the Romans vnder the name of Tellus and Opis of the Syrians called Dorcetha In the honour of this goddesse they vsed to keepe a feast fiue dayes together in Babylon during which time the Masters were vnder the dominion of their seruants one of which was vsually set ouer the rest and royally clothed and was called Sogan that is great Prince our Lords of Mis-rule seeme to deriue their pedigree from hence This festiuall time was called Shache whereof Babylon was called Sheshach of keeping this Feast Ierem. 25.27 and 51.41 Their other goddesse was Mulitia which was Venus whose Priests were called Natitae or Natophantae But the chiefest of their Idols was Bel. Hee also interpreteth those words Dan. 1.4 Whom they might teach the learning and tongue of the Chaldaeans of Schooles wherein youth was brought vp in good letters to bee after employed in the State So among the Egyptians they had the like vse where Moses was taught the learning of the Egyptians Among the Israelites eight and fortie Cities were appointed for the Leuites which were as the common Schooles and Vniuersities for the whole Kingdome Samuel and Elizeus had their Schooles and Colledges of Prophets yea the rude Indians had their Gymnosophistes and the Romans had their Colledges of Augures This Bel or Baal Idolatrie passed out of Asia into Europe euen as farre as these parts of Britaine For the Celtae and Britanni worshipped Abellio Belenus or Belinus as appeareth by inscriptions in Lipsius and Scaliger and our famous Antiquarie Mr Camden mentioneth an Altar in Cumberland inscribed Deo sancto Belatucadro And on the Coynes of Cunobelinus the Brittish King was stamped Apollo or Belenus which in heathen mysteries are the same with the Sunne playing on a Harpe and the name Cunobelinus makes euidently to our purpose Heliogabalus is another Syrian idolatrous title for the Sunne as appeareth by an inscription Soli Alagabalo for so also is that name written Neither is Gabalus from any other deriuation the name of the Romane Emperour Priest of that god whose name he vsurped deriued from the Hebrew Ahgol-Baal that is the Round or Circular Lord either in respect of the Sunnes Circular bodie and iourney or of that round stone which the Syrians conceited as the Troians of their Palladium and the Ephesians of their Diana to haue diuinely descended Such stones as Mr Selden in relation of those things obserueth were the Baetaelia or Betuli of the Ancients dedicated to diuers deities somewhat of fashion like fire round and sharpe vpwards the beginning of which Baetuli some deriue from Iacobs stone at Bethel In the seuenteenth Chapter of the second Booke of Kings is mentioned Succoth Benoth an Idoll of the Babylonians Beda interpreteth it the Tabernacles of Benoth and so the word Succoth vsed Amos 5.25 is by Saint Stephen Act. 7.43 interpreted And so doth the Glosse on that part of the Kings interprete where Lyra according to the signification of the words a Tabernacle of wings relateth out of Rab. Sal. that this Idoll was made like to a Hen brooding her chickens which Idols the Babylonians framed in worship of that constellation called by the vulgar the Hen and chickens and of the learned Pleiades as others did to the Sunne others to the Moone Some applie it to the mysterie of their Idoll which Christ the Trueth truly sayth of himselfe protecting his worshippers as a Hen her chickens My learned friend Mr Selden hath gathered by the signification of Succoth Benoth the Tabernacles of the daughters that thereby is meant the Temple of Venus Mylitta or Vrania where the daughters of the Babylonians sate as before is said to performe their filthie deuotions yea by an easie deduction hee deriueth the name of Venus from this Benoth B and u easily exchanged the moderne Iewes pronounce θ like σ Venos Suidas also calls her Binos And in Africa was a Citie called Sicca Venerea a name transported by the Punikes from this Siccuth or Succoth Benoth where was a Temple of like nature in which the women purchased their marriage-money by prostituting their bodies It seemeth the Idolatrous Priests carried the Tabernacle of their Idoll on their shoulder in apish imitation of the true Priests and Leuites for so Amos sayth Yee carried Succoth or Sicchuth your King Chiun your Images which Drusius interpreteth Moloch and Hercules In the fourteenth Chapter of Daniel as the Latines read is a large historie both of Bel a dead statue and of a liuing Dragon which the Babylonians worshipped The Priests of Bel were seuentie besides their wiues and children whose fraud and coozenage Daniel detected making it manifest by their foot-steps in the ashes which hee had strewed in the Temple that they were the deuourers of that huge portion of fortie sheepe twelue measures of meale and sixe great pots of wine daily consecrated for Bels breake-fast He after slew the Dragon also for which the Babylonians forced the King to lodge him sixe dayes among the Lions But howsoeuer generally more authoritie is to bee ascribed to the
due place The Turkes displaced those Saracens the Christians of the West by warre made those parts Christian but were expelled againe by the Turkes and they by the Tartars The Mamaluke slaues and their Aegyptian Soldan after held the Syrian Dominion vntill Selim the great Turke subdued it to the Ottoman Empire vnder which it still groneth Of these things this our History will acquaint you in the proper reports of these Nations Aleppo is now chiefe Citie of Syria but Damascus both in elder and later times hath born the greatest name being the head of Aram as Esay affirmeth called of Iulian the Citie of Iupiter and eye of the whole East Holy and Great called also the Trophee of Iupiter because he there had conquered the Titans It is interpreted drinking bloud by Hierom who telleth from the Hebrewes tradition that in this field Kain slew his brother Chytreus expoundeth it saccus sanguinis Wolphius deriueth it of two words signifying bloud and to spoyle which in the times of Hazael and Benhadad and of Resin it performed but neuer so much as when the Saracens made it the sinke of bloud and spoyle which they executed on the Christians and Noradine Saladine and the Turkes fitting themselues and this Citie to the name before the Aegyptian Sultans and Ottoman Turkes were Lords of it Stephanus ascribeth the name to one Ascus a Giant which cast Dionysius there into the Riuer Or because Damascus the sonne of Mercury comming hither out of Arcadia built it or because Dionysius there fleid off the skin of Damascus which had cut vp his Vines The Turkes now call it Leunclauius and Chytreus testifie Scham and so is the whole Region called in the Arabian Chronicle whose extract you may find in our Saracenicall history The Armies of Dauid Ahab Teglath Phalasar preuayled much against it The Babylonians subuerted it After that the Ptolomeys repayred it Pompei wanne it Paul hallowed it The Saracens as is sayd polluted it The Christians in vaine besieged it in the yeere one thousand one hundred forty and seuen r Haalon the Tartar one thousand two hundred threescore and two obtayned it and about one thousand foure hundred Tamerlane besieged it and as he had done at Aleppo filling the ditch with the bodies of captiues and slain carkasses cast wood and earth vpon them and at last forced it and the Castle Hee spared the Citie for the Temples sake which had fortie Porches in the circuite and within nine thousand Lampes of Gold and Siluer But the Aegyptians by a wile possessing it he againe engirt it and recouered it Hee commanded Mahomet the Pope or Chalife and his priests which came to meete him to repayre to the Temple which they did with thirteene thousand Citizens where he burnt them all and for monument of his victory left three Towers erected of skuls of dead men The Aegyptians regained and held it till Selim the Turke dispossessed them 1517. Now in thus many alterations of State who doubteth of diuersity in Religions in Syria First the true Religion in the times of Noah and the first Patriarkes Next those superstitions of Rimmon and the rest before related in the Assyrian Babylonian Persian Macedonian and Roman gouernments After which long night the Sunne of Righteousnesse shone vnto the Syrians and made a more absolute Conquest then all the former not by Legions and Armies but by a handfull of Fishermen manifesting his Power in their weakenesse the Reason of Men and Malice of Deuils not being able to withstand their Euangelicall weapons which s were mighty through GOD to cast downe holdes and bring into captiuity euery thought to the obedience of CHRIST insomuch that hence the t Christian World receyued first that name And how sweet would thy name remaine O Syrian Antiochia euen now in thy latest fates which first was christned with the name Christian haddest thou not out-liued thy Christianity or rather after the soule departed remained the carkasse of thy selfe which ceasing to be Christian hast long since ceased to bee had not the Diuine hand reserued a few bones of thy carkasse to testifie this his iustice to the world And what harmonie could haue beene more gratefull to the Gentiles eares then thy memorie Damascus where the Doctor of the Gentiles was first taught himselfe and made a Teacher of others But in thee was the Chayre of Pestilence the Throne of Sathan the sincke of Mahumetan impietie to the rest of the world infecting with thy contagion and subduing with thy force more Nations then euer Paul by preaching conuerted Syria first in the first and principall Priuiledges of Mankind embracing in her rich armes if some bee right Surueiours the promised Possession the Seale of a further and better inheritance was with the first subdued to Saracene seruitude vnder their Caliph vnder the Turkes vnder the Christians from the West vnder the Tartars from the East vnder the Mamalukes from the South and from the North the Ottoman by new successions and vicissitudes of miseries and mischiefes become a common Stage of bloud and slaughter And in all these later changes of State and chaunces of Warre Religion was the life that quickned those deathes and whetted those murdering swords no crueltie or sacriledge against GOD or man so irreligious and inhumane but Religion was pretended to be the cause and bare the Standard to destruction a new Religion alway erected with a new Conqueror For the Readers delight wee haue here added out of Hondius which hee had contracted out of Ortelius the Map of Pauls Peregrination for the plantation of the Gospell PEREGRINATIO PAULI In qua omnia loca quorum fit mentis in actis et epistolis Apostolorum et Apocalypsi describuntur CHAP. XVII Of Phoenicia and of the Theologie and Religion of the ancient Phoenicians of their Arts and Inuentions PHoenicia is the Sea coast of Syria after Plinie or that coast or tract bordering on the Sea from Orthosa now Tortosa to Pelusium This Sea coast saith Andreas Masius was of the Greekes called Phoenicia and of the Hebrewes peculiarly stiled Chanaan and the Inhabitants Chananites So the Spies tell Moses the Chanaanites dwell by the Sea The woman in the Gospell which Matthew calleth a Canaanite is by Marke named a Syrophoenicean and the Septuagint in this place for the Kings of Chanaan read the Kings of Phoenicea And in the Scripture it is appellatiuely vsed for a Merchant because the Phoenicians or Chanaanites were famous for Merchandize as appeareth both by diuine and prophane testimonie Most properly the Northerly part is Chanaan Phoenicia the Southern Palestina although it is sometime extended as wee haue said euen to Egypt Dionysius which maketh the Phoenicians the first Mariners Merchants and Astronomers placeth Gaza and Ioppe in Phoenicia Sachoniatho a Phoenician supposed to haue liued before the Troian warre wrote in his owne language the History of his Nation which Philo Biblius
name before mentioned you please to giue her which I know not how mystically is also called Cybele Berecynthia and with a confused mixture of Heauen and Earth THE EARTH Astaroth a word plurall is exemplified in the European Iunones mentioned in Inscriptions and in those altars in Master Camden and Master Selden inscribed DEABVS MATRIBVS diuers of which haue beene found in this Iland intended by them as were also the Beli which made vowes DIS SYRIS Lucian sayth that he saw also at Biblos the Temple of Venus Biblia wherein are celebrated the yeerely rites of Adonis who they say was slaine in their Countrie with beatings and wofull lamentings after which they performe Obsequies vnto him and the next day they affirme him to be aliue and shaue their heads And such women as will not bee shauen must prostitute their bodies for one day vnto strangers and the mony hence accrewing is sacred to Venus Some affirme that this ridiculous lamentation is made not for Adonis but Osiris in witnesse whereof a head made of Paper once a yeere in seuen dayes space comming swimming from Egypt to Byblos and that without any humane direction Of which Lucian reporteth himselfe an eye-witnesse This is called the mourning for Thamuz which Iunius interpreteth Osiris whence the fourth moneth commonly their Haruest is called Tamuz For Ists which instituted these rites was their Ceres Hierom interpreteth it Adonis but it seemeth the difference is more in the name then the Idoll or rites Women were the chiefe lamenters if not the onely as Ezechiel testifieth and the pronenesse of that sexe to teares and to superstitious deuotion also which they seeme to acknowledge whose praying stile is pró deuoto foemineo sexu likewise Ethnike Authors are witnesses Plutarch sayth the women kept the Adonia or feast of Adonis euery where through the Citie setting forth Images obseruing exequies and lamentation Ammianus reported of this festiuall solemnized at Antiochia at the same time when Iulian entred the Citie then filled with howlings and lamentings and elsewhere compareth the women which lamented the death of their young Prince to the women which obserued the rites of Venus in the feasts of Adonis Iulius Firmicus affirmeth that in most Cities of the East Adonis is mourned for as the husband of Venus and both the smiter and the wound is shewed to the standers by For Mars changed into the shape of a Bore wounded him for the loue of Venus Hee addeth that on a certaine night they lay an Image in a bed and number a set bead-roll of lamentations which being ended light is brought in and then the Priest anointeth the chappes of the Mourners whispering these words Trust in God for wee haue saluation or deliuerance from our griefes And so with ioy they take the Idoll out of the Sepulchre Was not this mourning thinke wee sport to the Deuill especially when this Adonia was applyed vnto the buriall and resurrection of Christ the Pageant whereof followeth the Good-Friday and Lenten fast of the Papists Yet is this worse then the former not onely because Corruptio optimi pessima the best things by abusing are made worst but also because the treason of Iudas and Peters deniall is proposed in action to the peoples laughter inter tot eachinos ineptias solus Christus est serius seuerus saith L. Viues complayning of this great wickednesse of the Priests magno scelere atque impietate Sacerd. but here and elsewhere often when he telleth tales out of Schoole the good mans tongue is shortned and their Index purgeth out that wherewith hee seeketh to purge their leauen But let vs backe from Rome to Biblos Hereby runneth the Riuer Adonis also which once a yeere becommeth red and bloudie which alteration of the colour of the water is the warning to that their Mourning for Adonis who at that time they say is wounded in Libanus whereas that rednesse ariseth indeed of the winds which at that time blowing violently doe with their force carry downe alongst the streame a great quantity of that red Earth or Minium of Libanus whereby it passeth This constancy of the wind might yet seeme as maruellous as the other if diuers parts of the world did not yeeld vs instance of the like In Libanus also was an ancient Temple dedicated to Venus by Cyniras Astarte or Astaroth was worshipped in the formes of sheepe * not of the Sydonians only but of the Philistims also in whose Temple they hanged the armour of Saul And wise Salomon was brought by doting on women to a worse dotage of Idolatrie with this Sydonian Idoll among others And not then first did the Israelities commit that fault but from their first neighbour-hood with them presently after the dayes of Ioshua This Sidon the ancient Metropolis of the Phoenicians now called Saito in likelihood was built by Sidon eldest Sonne of Canaan and fell to the lot of Asher whence it is called Great Sidon It was famous y for the first Glasse-shops and destroyed by Ochus the Persian This faire mother yeelded the world a Daughter farre fairer namely Tyrus now called Sur whose glory is sufficiently blazed by the Prophets Esay and Ezechiel being situate in an Iland seuen hundred paces from the shore to which Alexander in his siege vnited it whom it held out eight moneths as it had done Nabuchodonosor thirteene yeeres which long siege is mentioned in Ezec. 26.7 in nothing more famous then for helping Salomon vnder Hiram their King to build the Temple a hundred fiftie fiue yeeres before the building of Carthage This Hiram Iosephus reports it out of Dius a Phoenician Historiographer inlarged the Citie and compasses within the same the Temple of Iupiter Olympius and as he addeth out of Menander Ephesius therein placed a golden Pillar he pulled downe the old Temples and built new and dedicated the Temples of Hercules and Astarte Ithobalus Astartes priest slew Phelles the King and vsurped the Crowne He was great Grandfather to Pygmalion the brother of Dido Founder of Carthage The Phoenicians famous for Marchandise and Marinership sailed from the red Sea round about Afrike and returning by Hercules pillars arriued againe in Aegypt the third yeere after reporting that which Herodotus doubted of and to vs makes the Storie more credible that they sailed to the South-ward of the Sunne They were sent by Pharaoh Neco Cadmus a Phoenician was the first Author of Letters also to the Greekes At Tyrus was the fishing for purple not farre off was Arad a populous Towne seated on a rocke in the sea like Venice Alongst the shore is Ptolemais neere which runneth the Riuer Belaeus and nigh to it the sepulchre of Memnon hauing hard by it the space of an hundred cubites yeelding a glassie sand and how great a quantitie soeuer is by ships carried thence is supplied by the Winds which minister new sands to be by the nature of the place changed
that crueltie Some interprete Moloch and Remphan Act. 7. to bee the Sunne and Moone The Talmudists would perswade men that they did not burne their children in this Moloch-sacrifice but onely the father tooke his children and moued them to and fro thorow the fire none otherwise then at this time on Saint Iohn Baptists day when the Sunne passeth thorow Cancer children vse to leape thorow bone-fires But both Scripture and Heathen Authors write otherwise Moloch is also called Baal There was a valley neere Hierusalem sometime possessed by the sonne of Hinnom where the Hebrewes built a notorious high place to Moloch it was on the East and South part of the Citie It was also called Topheth or Tymbrell of that Tymbrell-rite which those Corribantes and bloudie Priests did vse or else for the spaciousnesse of it Ieremie prophecieth That it should be called the Valley of slaughter because of the iudgements for the idolatrous high places in it Vpon the pollution hereof by slaughter and burials it grew so execrable that Hell inherited the same name called Gehenna of this place first of the lownesse being a Valley secondly for the Fire which heere the children there the wicked sustaine thirdly because all the filth was cast out of the Citie hither it seemed they held some resemblance The Ammonites also were as Montanus affirmeth circumcised Canaan was the sonne of Cham Father of many Nations as Moses declareth Sidon and Heth Iebusi Emori Girgashai Hivi Arki Sini Aruadi Zemari Hamathi the most of which were expelled their Countrey slaine or made tributarie by the Israelites Their border was from Sidon to Gaza West and on the East side from Sodome to Lasha or Callyrrhoe Arrias Montanus is of opinion that according to the number of the twelue Tribes of Israel so were the people of Canaan and therefore to those eleuen before rehearsed he addeth their Father Canaan who left his name to them all and where he liued retained a part to himselfe betweene the Philistims and Amorites Of those his sonnes Sidon the eldest inhabited the Sea-coast and Eastward from him Heth vnto the hill Gilboa of him came the Hittites Iebus went further on the right-hand Emor inhabited the midland Countrey Westward from the Iebusites The Girgashite dwelt aboue the Hittite next to Iordan and the lake Chinereth so called because it resembleth the forme of a Harpe after called Gennezareth The Heuite or Hiuite inhabited betweene the Amorite and the Philistim The Arkite possessed the rootes of Libanus The Sinite dwelt beyond the Hittite Eastward neerer to Iordan Aruadi enioyed the Countrey next to the Wildernesse of Cades Zemari obtained the Hills called of him Semaraim The Hamathite possessed the Countrey nigh to the Fountaines of Iordan As For the most notable Mountaines and Cities which each of these Families enioyed they which will may reade further in the same Author Of these and their ancient Religions and Policies wee find little or nothing but in the Scripture where the Lord testifieth that for their sinnes the Land spued them out Some of them as some thinke fled into Africa where Augustine saith that the Countrey people inhabiting neere Hippon called themselues in their Punike Language Chanani Procopius in the fourth booke of the Vandale warre affirmeth That all the Sea-coast in those times from Sidon to Aegypt was called Phoenicia and that when Ioshua inuaded them they left their Countrey and fled into Aegypt there multiplied and pierced further into Africa where they possessed all that Tract vnto the Pillars of Hercules speaking halfe Phoenician They build the Citie Tinge or Tanger in Numidia where were two Pillars of white stone placed neere to a great Fountaine in which in the Phoenician tongue was ingrauen Wee are Canaanites whom IOSHVA the Thiefe chased away Which if it were so the name of Hercules might therefore bee ascribed to those Pillars as accounted the chiefe Phoenician Idoll Philo or the Author of those fabulous Antiquities sayth That the Israelites found among the Amorites seuen golden Images called Nymphes which as Oracles directed them in their affaires and wrought wonders the worke of Canaan Phut Selah Nebroth Elath Desvat of admirable workmanship yeelding light in the night by vertue of certaine stones which could not by mettall be broken or pierced or be consumed by fire but must needs haue an Angell to burie them in the depth of the Sea and there let them lie This people was not vtterly at once destroyed but sometime as in the dayes of Iabin and Sisera conquered their Conquerors and retayned some power and name of a People till the times of Dauid who destroyed the Iebusites and dwelt in the Fort of Sion calling it after his owne name The Citie of Dauid And in the dayes of Salomon Pharao King of Aegypt tooke and burnt Gezer and slue the Cauaanites that dwelt in the Citie and gaue it for a present to his daughter Salomons wife And all the people that were left of the Amorites Hittites Perizzites Hiuites and Iebusites whom the children of Israel were not able to destroy those did Salomon make tributaries vnto this day 1. King 9.16 20 21. The posteritie of these seruants of Salomon are mentioned among the Israelites which returned from the Babylonian Captiuitie and accrued into one People with them OF THE HEBREW NATION AND RELIGION FROM THE BEGINNING THEREOF TO OVR TIMES THE SECOND BOOKE CHAP. I. The Preface of this Booke and à Description of the Region of Palaestina since called Iudaea and now Terra Sancta IN the former Booke we haue traced the foot-steps of Religion following Her in Her wanderings from the Truth and Her selfe through diuers Nations till we came into this Land sometime flowing with Milke and Hony whose first inhabitants we last tooke view of The Hebrewes were by the Soueraign Lord of all made heires of their labours and possessed both their place and wealth Houses and Cities which they builded not Vineyards which they planted not and which is more these were a type vnto them of the true and heauenly Countrey which not by their merits but by the meere mercy of the Promiser they should enioy These did GOD choose of all the Kindreds of the Earth to make vnto himselfe a Kingdome of Priests a holy Nation and his chiefe treasure aboue all people though all the Earth be his He made them the Keepers of his Oracles bestowing on them the Adoption and the Glorie and the Couenants and the giuing of the Law and the Seruice of God and the Promises of whom were the Fathers and of whom concerning the flesh Christ came who is God ouer all blessed for euer Amen These things were not onely communicated but appropriated to them He shewed his Word vnto IACOB his Statutes and his Iudgements vnto ISRAER He dealt not so with any Nation neither had the Heathen knowledge of his Lawes hee was their prerogatiue and
and by the glorie and order of them learned the knowledge of GOD neuer ceasing that diuine search till GOD appeared to him Which opinion may reconcile both the former that first he was and after ceased to be an Idolater before God appeared in vision to him He alledgeth Philo for his Author that at fourteene yeeres Abraham reproued Thara for seducing men vnto Idolatrie moued by his priuate lucre with Images and seeing the Heauen sometime cleare sometime cloudie he gathered that that could not bee GOD. The like hee concluded of the Sunne and Moone by their Eclipses for his father had taught him Astronomie At last GOD appeared and bade him leaue his Countrey Whereupon hee tooke his Fathers Images who as before is said was an Image-maker and partly broke partly burnt them and then departed Suidas further thinketh him the first inuenter of Letters of the Hebrew tongue and of the interpretation of dreames which I leaue to the Authors credit But for the fault of Abraham before his calling and other blemishes after in him and the rest of the Patriarchs what doe they else but in abounding of mans sinne set out the superabounding grace of GOD and are profitable as learned Morton in his answere of this cauill hath out of one of their owne obserued against them what he had obserued out of Augustine to these foure purposes Faith Instruction Feare and Hope the Faith of the Historie which flattereth or concealeth the faults of none Instruction to vertue by seeing others faults taxed Feare for what shall Shrubs doe if Cedars fall and Hope that wee imitate their repentance by seeing their pardon But to returne to our Historie Many of the Ethnike histories mention him Berosus commendeth him for his iustice and skill in Astronomie Nic. Damascenus sayth that hee raigned at Damascus and that in his time his house continued in Damascus and was still called by his name Hecataeus wrote a booke of him and Alexander Polyhistor telleth that hee was borne in the tenth generation after the floud in Camarine or Vrien a Citie of Babylon Iosephus addeth that when famine draue him into Aegypt hee disputed with the Priests and most learned Aegyptians in questions of Diuinitie and in their diuided Sects hauing confuted one by another he communicated to them the truth both in this and in Arithmeticke and Astronomie whereof before the Aegyptians were ignorant Abram sayth Master Broughton in his Consent was borne sixtie yeeres later then the common account as appeareth by computation of Terahs age who died at two hundred and fiue yeeres and after his death Abram went from Charan into Canaan the threescore and fifteenth yeere of his owne life and therefore was borne in the hundred and thirtieth and not in the seuentieth yeere of his father in the three hundred fiftie and two yeere after the Floud whereas the common opinion reckoneth the two hundred ninetie and two To Abram GOD had giuen commandement saying Goe from thy Countrey and from thy Kindred and from thy Fathers house into the Land which I shall shew thee and I will make of thee a great Nation c. His Historie is fully related by Moses and his progenie also whereof Ismael his Sonne by Agar and other his sonnes which he had by Ketura his second wife he sent to inhabite the East Countrey Arabia in his life time but Isaac was made his Heire both temporall and spirituall to whom Iacob succeeded in the promised blessing who with his sonnes and familie went downe into Aegypt where his posteritie multiplied exceedingly and were called sometimes Ebrewes of their ancient pedegree sometime Israelites of the name Israel giuen to Iacob by the Angell Gen. 32.28 Their whole Historie so largely and plainely in holy Writ recorded I feare to make Mine by euill reciting Those Fountaines are more open to all then that any should neede ours or others Brookes mixed with some myrie earth at least in the passage and my intent is to bee largest in relation of those things which are not in the Scriptures onely touching those things briefly for order sake Their Religion meane while was the best amongst the best though stayned in some as Rachel which stale her father Labans Idols and Iacob was forced to reforme his Familie in this respect and after in Aegypt they were corrupted with the Aegyptian superstition as Ezechiel protests against them The manner of Diuine worship was not so straitly limited as afterwards to persons and places By Reuelation and Tradition they receiued the religious worship wherein they instructed their posteritie vntill that in their extremest thraldome GOD sent Moses and Aaron to deliuer them vnder whose conduct they passed through the Sea and Wildernesse to the brinkes of Iordan receiuing in the way that Law which as a Tutor or Schoole-master was in that their nonage to traine them vp vntill that full and ripe age when GOD sent his Sonne made of a woman made vnder the Law that hee might redeeme them that were vnder the Law that wee might receiue the adoption of Sonnes §. II. Of the Law of MOSES the twelue Tribes and of Proselytes OF this Law although Moses hath giuen vs an absolute relation in Scripture whereof he was the first Pen-man of that at least which remayneth vnto vs yet if wee shall out of him bring them into their order and ranke them vnder their seuerall heads as Sigonius and others haue done it shall not be I thinke ouer-tedious to the Reader The Law is diuided vsually into the Morall Ceremoniall and Iudiciall as parts of the same the first deliuered on the Mount Sinai by the dreadfull voice of the Almightie God and by the finger of God written after in Tables of stone called Ten words summarily abridged into two Commandements by the Law-giuer himselfe The first and great Commandement enioyning the loue of GOD the second of our NEIGHBOVRS that God who himselfe is Charitie imposing nothing but the louely yoke of Loue and Charitie vnto his seruants This Law is eternall written first in the hearts of our first Parents which being defaced it was written againe in the stonie Tables of the Law where it was but a killing letter till Grace and Truth by IESVS CHRIST indited and indented it in the fleshy Tables of the Gospell as Christs new Commandement written it renewed hearts and shall for euer be then grauen in those spirituall Tables when wee that here are Naturall men shall rise againe Spirituall men and shall be the Law of that holy Citie the new Ierusalem this being then perfected when Faith and Hope and this World shall bee finished The other parts Ceremoniall and Iudiciall were for the particulars proper vnto that Nation the one respecting the manner of Diuine seruice the other of ciuill Gouernment not giuen as the other immediatly to the Israelites by GOD himselfe but communicated in the Mount to Moses that hee might acquaint the
is King of the whole world hauing in the word Echad many superstitious subtilties that the letter Daleth in regard of his place in the Alphabet signifieth foure and the word Echad contayneth in numerall letters two hundred fortie and fiue whereunto adding three hael elohechem emes God our Lord is true they make vp the number of two hundred fortie and eight and so many members there are in mans bodie for euerie member a prayer secures them all And this verse thrice recited secureth against the ill spirit They esteeme it a holy prayer by which miracles may bee wrought and therefore vse it morning and euening They haue another prayer called Schone esre that is eighteene because it contayneth so many thankesgiuing which they say twice a day and the chiefe chanter of the Synagogue singeth it twice by himselfe They thinke by this prayer to obtaine remission of their sinnes They must pray it standing so that one foot must not stand more on the ground then the other like the Angels And their foote was a right foote When they come to those words in it Holy holy holy Lord God of hosts they leape vp three times aloft And hee say their Chachamim which speaketh a word during this prayer shall haue burning coales giuen him to eate after his death These eighteene thanksgiuings are for the eighteene bones in the chine or back-bone which must in saying hereof be bended After this followeth a prayer against the Iewes reuolted to Christianitie and against all Christians saying These which are blotted out that is reuolters shall haue no more hope and all vnbeleeuers shall perish in the twinkling of an eye and all thine enemies which hate thee O GOD shall be destroyed and the proud and presumptuous Kingdome shall quickly be rooted out broken layd euen with the ground and at last shall vtterly perish and thou shalt make them presently in our dayes obedient to vs Blessed art thou God which breakest and subduest them which are rebellious They call the Turkish Empire the Kingdome of Ismael the Roman Edomiticall proud c. They are themselues indeed exceeding proud impatient and desirous of reuenge The Talmud sayth That the lying spirit in the mouth of Achabs Prophets which perswaded him to goe and fall at Ramoth Gilead was none other but the spirit of Naboth whom hee had before flaine And Victor Carbensis a Christian Iew testifieth That there are not vnder heauen a more quarrelsome people themselues acknowledging the Christians farre meeker then themselues when they haue this Prouerb that the modestie of the Christians the wisedome and industrie of the Heathens and faith of the Iewes are the three pillers which sustaine the world But to returne to their deuotions After those other before mentioned followeth a prayer for the good sort for Proselytes reedifying of the Temple for sending the Messias and restauration of their Kingdome In the end they pray GOD to keepe them in peace and when they come to these words Hee that makes peace aboue shall make peace ouer all Israel Amen they goe backe three paces bow themselues downewards bend their head on the right hand then on the left if some Christian bee there with an Image they must not bow but lift vp their heart This they doe for honours sake not to turne their hinder parts on the Arke and thus they goe like Crabbes out of the Synagogue vsing certaine prayers not running but with a slow pace lest they should seeme glad that their Mattins were done Other their niceties in praying as laying the right hand on the left ouer the heart not spetting nor breaking winde vp or downe not interrupted by a King to cease prayer to shake his bodie this way and that way not to touch his naked bodie and to say Amen with all his heart for they that say Amen are worthie to say it in the world to come And therefore Dauid endeth a Psalme with Amen Amen signifying that one is to bee said heere and the other in the other world also in a plaine eminent place purged from all filth freed from the sight of women his face to the East standing his feet close together fixing his eyes on the ground eleuating the heart to heauen c. I hold it enough thus to mention Their praying to the East must be vnderstood from our Westerne parts because Ierusalem standeth that way for otherwise Rambam sheweth that Abraham prayed in Mount Moriah toward the West and the Sanctum Sanctorum was in the West which place also Abraham set forth and determined And because the Gentiles worshipped the Sunne toward the rising therefore Abraham worshipped Westward and appointed the Sanctuarie so to stand The Talmud saith Praying to the South bringeth wisdome toward the North riches I might heere also adde their Letanie and Commemoration of their Saints almost after the Popish fashion As thus for a taste Wee haue sinned before thee haue mercie on vs O Lord doe it for thy names sake and spare Israel thy people Lord doe it for Abraham thy perfect one and spare Israel thy people Lord doe it for him which was bound in thy porches to wit in Mount Moriah where the Temple was afterward builded and spare Israel thy people Lord doe it for him which was heard in the ladder Iacob from thy high place and spare Israel thy people Lord doe it for the merit of Ioseph thy holy one c. Lord doe it for him which was drawne out of the waters Moses and spare c. Lord doe it for Aaron the Priest with Vrim and Thummim Lord grant it for him that was zealous for thy name Phineas Lord doe it for the sweet Singer Dauid Lord doe it for him which built thine house They name not any but expresse him after this sort And then proceed in like manner with the titles attributes and workes of GOD. Doe it for thy Name Doe it for thy Goodnesse for thy Couenant thy Law thy Glorie c. in seuerall versicles And then to their Saints in a new passage Doe it for Abraham Isaac and Iacob Doe it for Moses and Aaron for Dauid and Salomon as if their combined forces should effect more then single Doe it for Ierusalem the holy Citie for Sion for the destruction of thy house for the poore Israelites for the bare Israelites for the miserable Israelites for the Widdowes and Orphans for the sucking and wained and if not for our sake yet for thine owne sake Then in another forme Thou which hearest the poore heare vs thou which hearest the oppressed heare vs Thou which heardest Abraham c. With renuing a commemoration of their Saints larger then before and after some repeating the diuine titles in another tune they oppose their Saint and wicked ones together as Remember not the lye of Achan but remember Iosua forgiuing him and remember Heli and Samuel and so on in a tedious length CHAP. XVI Of their Ceremonies at home after
hee saith of Frankincense In Panchaea is the Citie Panara whose Inhabitants are called the Ministers of Iupiter Tryphilius whose Temple is thence distant threescore furlongs admirable for Antiquitie Magnificence and nature of the place it is two hundred foot long the bredth answerable hauing in it large Statues and about it the houses of the Priests Many fountaines there springing make a nauigable streame called the water of the Sunne which is medicinable to the bodie The Countrey about for the space of two hundred furlongs is consecrated to the gods and the reuenue thereof spent in Sacrifices Beyond is a high mountaine called the seate of heauen and Olympus Triphylius where Coelus is said to haue instituted the Rites there yeerely obserued The Priests rule all in Panchaea both in ciuill and religious cases and liue very deliciously attired with linnen Stoales and Mitres and party-coloured Sandals These spend their time in singing Hymnes and recounting the acts of their gods They deriue their generation from the Cretan Iupiter They may not goe out of their sacred limits assigned them if they doe it is lawfull to kill them The Temple is enriched with gifts and offerings The doores excell for matter and workemanship The bed of the god is six Cubits long and foure broad all of gold faire wrought The Table stands by nothing inferiour In the middest is another bed of gold very large grauen with Aegyptian letters in which are contained the gests of Iupiter Coelus Diana and Apollo written by Mercurie Thus farre Diodorus Iustine mentioneth Hierotimus an Arabian King which had six hundred children by Concubines Some are of opinion that the Wise-men which by the ancient conduct of a Starre came to Ierusalem the first fruites of the Gentiles came out of Arabia Scaliger mentioneth a conquest antiently made and holden by the Arabians in Chaldaea Philostratus saith the Arabians are skilfull in Auguries or Diuinations because they eate of the head and heart of a Dragon That they eate Serpents Solinus affirmeth Athenaeus saith That the Arabians vsed to maime themselues if their King hapned to bee maimed and that in the same member and in another place hee citeth out of Heraclides Cumaeus the delicacies of this Arabian King and his quiet or idle course of life committing matters of iudgement to Officers and if any thinke himselfe wronged by them hee pulls a chaine fastned to a window in the highest part of the Palace Whereupon the King takes the matter into his hand and whether part hee findeth guiltie dyeth for it His expences were fifteene Babylonian Talents a day The Arabians kill Mice as a certaine supposed enemy to the gods a custome common to them with the Persians and Aethiopians The women couer their faces contented to see with one eye rather then to prostitute the whole face They kill not vipers but scarre them away with Clappers from their Balsame-trees saith Pausanias when they gather that commoditie because they thinke them consecrated to those Balsame-trees vnder which they liue and feed of that liquor with which also they cure themselues if they are bitten of them The Arabike tongue is now the common language of the East especially among such as embrace the Mahumetan Religion this language in the first diuision of tongues according to Epiphanius was begun in Armot the first speaker and Author thereof It is now the most vniuersall in the world as Bibliander Postellus Scaliger Aldrete and Claude Duret in his late Historie del ' Origine des Langues de cest vniuers doe proue at large from the Herculean pillars to the Molluccas and from the Tartars and many Turkes in Europe vnto the Aethiopians in Afrike extending it selfe which was neuer granted to any other language since that first confusion and babbling at Babel CHAP. II. Of the Saracene Name Nation and proceeding in Armes and the succession of their Chalifaes §. I. Of the Saracens before MAHOMETS dayes THe Arabians are distinguished by many sir-names the chiefe whereof saith Scaliger are the Hagarens so called of Hagar the hand-maid of Sara whom the Arabians call Erabelhagiari and Elmagarin and the Saracens still called by their neighbours Essarak that is theeuish The Hagarens were more ciuill whose chiefe hold was Petra and their Princes were all entituled Aretae as the Egyptians Ptolemaei Hierome in many places affirmeth that the Ismaelites and Hagarens are the same which now are called Saracens so in his Commentarie on the second of Ieremie Cedar saith he is the Region of the desart and of the Ismaelites whom now they call Saracens And on the twentie fiue of Ezekiel the Madianites Ismaelites and Agarens are now called Saracens And on Esay twentie one he extendeth their desart from India to Mauritania and to the Atlantike Ocean Epiphanius likewise affirmeth That the Hagarens and Ismaelites in his time were called Saracens Plinie mentioneth that the Saracens placing them neere to the Nabathaeans Ptolemey likewise nameth the Scenites so called of their tents which with themselues their flockes and substance they remoued vp and downe from place to place Posteritie hath called all these Tent-wanderers saith Scaliger out of Ammianus Marcellinus Saracens and so doth Ptolemey in the next words call the next adioyning people seating them in the Northerly bounds of Arabia Foelix In the same Chapter he setteth downe Saraca the name of an Arabian Citie Some Authors haue written that because Ishmael was sonne of Hagar a bond-woman his nicer posteritie haue disclaimed that descent and deriued their pedegrece and name from Sara Peruersonomine saith Hierome assumentes sibi nomen Sarae quòd scilicet de ingenua domina videantur esse generati Iosephus Scaliger in his Annotations vpon Eusebius Chronicle after that hee hath cited the former testimony of Ammianus and of Onkelos on the thirtie seuen of Genesis addeth the authoritie of Stephanus who affirmeth Saraka to bee a Region of Arabia neere the Nabathaeans of which hee thinketh that the Saracens borrowed their name Wee know saith Scaliger that the Arabian Nomades are so called for SARAK in Arabike soundeth as much that is furaces 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 theeuish or robbers such as the Cosak-Tartars bordering on the Turkes the Bandoliers in the Pyrenaean hills and the Borderers sometimes betwixt England and Scotland De Sara peridiculum To call them Saracens of SARA is ridiculous for then either they must bee called SARAEI or shee SARACA Mr. Brerewood saith that Sarra signifies a Desart and Shakan to inhabit in the Arabike and therefore as they are called Scenites of their Tents so might they also of the Desarts their not habited habitation be called Saracens Booke of Lang. c. 13. And Erpenius saith that this name is vnknowne to themselues but all the Muhammedans generally call themselues Muslimos or Muslemans which signifieth Beleeuers as if all else were Infidells or Heretikes Marcellinus thus writeth of them this people
Cherosonesus or Peninsula which containeth besides that the Regions of Pontus Bithynia Lycia Galatia Pamphilia Paphlagonia Cappadocia Cilicia and Armenia Minor It was bounded on the East with Euphrates now Frat on the South with the Mediterranean Sea on the West with the Archipelago on the North with the Black-Sea stretching in length from 51. to 72. degrees of Longitude and in breadth from 36. ½ to 45. This Countrey hath beene anciently renowned for Armes and Arts now the graue of the carkasses or some ruinous bones rather and stonie Reliques of the carkasses of more then foure thousand Places and Cities sometimes inhabited Many changes hath it sustained by the Egyptian Persian Macedonian Roman Tartarian and Turkish generall Conquests besides such exploits as Croesus and Mithridates of old the Saracens and the Westerne Christians of later times haue therein atchieued Let the studious of these things search them in their proper Authors our taske is Religion whose ouer-worne and almost out-worne steps with much curious hunting in many Histories wee haue thus weakely traced Of the Turkes we haue alreadie spoken and we leaue the larger Relations of the Christians for why should wee mixe Light with Darknesse to their proper place For euen yet besides the Armenians there remaine many Christians of the Greek Church in Cappadocia and other parts of this Region HONDIVS his Map of ASIA MINOR NATOLIA Next vnto those parts of Syria before deliuered are situate in this lesser Asia Cilicia Armenia Minor and Cappadocia CAPPADOCIA called also Leucosyria and now Amasia stretcheth foure hundred and fiftie miles along the Euxine Sea bounded on the West with Paphlagonia Galatia and part of Pamphylia on the South with Cilicia on the East with the Hills Antitaurus and Moschius and part of Euphrates Heere runneth Halys the end of Croesus Empire both in the site and fate thereof the doubtfull Oracle here giuing him a certaine ouerthrow For when hee consulted with the same touching his Expedition against Cyrus he receiued answer That passing Halys hee should ouer-turne a great State which he interpreting actiuely of his attempts against Cyrus verified it passiuely in himselfe And here besides other streames slideth Thermodon sometime made famous by the bordering Amazons Of which manly Foeminine people ancient Authors disagree Theophrastus deriuing them from the Sauromatae Salust fetching them from Tanais P. Diaconus describing them in Germany Trogus and Iustine reporting them Scythians Diodorus crossing the Seas to finde them in Lybia and thence also in a further search passing into an Iland in the Atlantike Ocean Ptolomey and Curtius placing them neerer the Caspian Sea Strabo doubting whether there euer had beene such a people or no. Some haue found them out a-new in the new World naming that huge Riuer of them Goropius confidently auouched them to bee the Wiues and Sonnes of the Sarmatians or Cimbrians who together with their Husbands inuaded Asia And this hee proueth by Dutch Etymologies and other coniectures Which if it be true sheweth that their Religion was the same with the Scythian They are said to haue worshipped Mars of whom they faine themselues to be descended Religion it were to speake of their Religion of whose being wee haue no better certaintie Strabo writeth That in the places ascribed to the Amazons Apollo was exceedingly worshipped In Cappadocia was seated the Citie Comana wherein was a Temple of Bellona and a great multitude of such as were there inspired and rauished by deuilish illusion and of sacred Seruants It was inhabited by the people called Cataones who being subiect to a King did neuerthelesse obey the Priest that was in great part Lord of the Temple and of the Sacred Seruants whose number when Strabo was there amounted to sixe thousand and vpwards of men and women The Priest receiued the reuenue of the Region next adioyning to the Temple and was in honour next to the King in Cappadocia and commonly of the same kindred These Idolatrous Rites are supposed to haue beene brought hither out of Taurica Scythia by Orestes and his sister Iphigenia where humane Sacrifices were offered to Diana Here at the solemne Feasts of Bellona those Sacred Seruants before mentioned called Comani wounded each other in an extaticall furie bloudy Rites fitting Bellona's solemnities Argaeus whose hoary head was couered continually with snow was reputed a religious Hill and habitation of some God Strabo reporteth of the Temple of Apollo Catanius in Dastacum and of another of Iupiter in Morimena which had three thousand of those Sacred Seruants or Religious Votaries which as an inferiour Order were at the command of the Priest who receiued of his Temples reuenue fifteene Talents and was reputed in the next ranke of honour to the Priest of Comana Not farre hence is Castabala where the Temple of Diana Persica where the sacred or deuoted women were reported to goe bare-footed on burning coles without harme It is reported that if a Snake did bite a Cappadocian the mans bloud was poyson to the Snake and killed him Many excellent Worthies hath this Region yeelded to the world Mazaca afterwards of Claudius called Caesarea was the Episcopall Seat of Great Basil Cucusum the Receptacle of exiled Chrysostome Amasia now a Prouinciall Citie of the Turkish Beglerbegs sometime the Countrey of Strabo to whom these our Relations are so much indebted Nissa and Nazianaum of which the two Gregories receiued their surnames But that Humane and Diuine learning is now trampled vnder the barbarous foot of the Ottoman-horse Here is Trapezonde also whilome bearing the proud name of an Empire Licaonia the chiefe Citie whereof is Iconium celebrated in holy Writ and a long time the Royall Seat of the first Turkes in Asia and since of Caramania now Conia or Cogne inhabited with Greekes Turkes Iewes Arabians and Armenians is of Ptolomey adioyned to Cappadocia And so is Diopolis called before Cabira since Augusta which Ortelius placeth in the lesser Armenia In Diopolis was the Temple of the Moone had in great veneration much like in the Rites thereof to that before mentioned of Comana which although it bare the surname of Cappadocia yet Ptolomey placeth it in this Armenia and Comana Pontica in Cappadocia of the same name and superstitious deuotion to the same Goddesse Thence haue they taken the patterne of their Temple of their Rites Ceremonies Diuinations respect to their Priests And twice a yeere in the Feasts which were called The Goddesse her going out the Priest ware a Diademe He was second to none but the King which Priest-hood was holden of some of Strabo's progenitors Pompey bestowed the Priest-hood of this Temple vpon Archelaus and added to the temples reuenue two Schoeni that is threescore furlongs of ground commanding the inhabitants to yeeld him obedience Hee had also power ouer the Sacred Seruants which were no lesse then sixe thousand Lycomedes after inioyed that Prelacie with foure Schoeni of land added thereto
Caesar remoued him placing in his roome Diteutus the sonne of Adiatorix whom with his wife and children hee had led in triumph purposing to slay his elder sonne together with him But when the younger perswaded the Souldiers that he was the elder and both contended which should die Diteutus was of his parents counselled to yeeld to the younger and to remaine aliue to bee a stay to their family Which pietie Caesar hearing of grieuing for the death of the other hee thus rewarded At the Feasts aforesaid is great recourse of men and women hither Many Pilgrims resort to discharge their vowes Great store of women is there which for the most part are deuoted this Citie being as little Corinth For many went to Corinth in respect of the multitude of Harlots prostituted or consecrated to Venus Zela another Citie hath in it the Temple of Anias much reuerenced of the Armenians wherein the Rites are solemnized with greatest Sanctimony and Oathes taken of greatest consequence The sacred Seruants and Priestly Honours are as the former The Kings did sometime esteeme Zela not as a Citie but as a Temple of the Persian Gods and the Priest had supreme power ouer all things who with a great multitude of those sacred Seruants inhabited the same The Romans encreased their Reuenues In Cappadocia the Persian Religion was much vsed but of the Persian Rites see more in our Tractat of Persia The lewdnesse of the Cappadocians grew into a Prouerbe if any were enormiously wicked he was therefore called a Cappadocian GALATIA or GALLOGRAECIA so called of the Galli which vnder the conduct of Brennus saith Suidas assembled an Army of three hundred thousand and seeking aduentures in forraine parts diuided themselues some inuading Greece others Thrace and Asia where they setled themselues betweene Bithynia and Cappadocia On the South it is confined with Pamphilia and on the North is washed with the Euxine Sea the space of two hundred and fiftie miles Sinope the mother and nursing Citie of Mithridates is heere seated one of the last Cities of Asia that subiected it selfe to Turkish bondage in the dayes of Mahomet the second Of the Galatae were three Tribes Trogini Tolistobogi and Tectosages all which Goropius deriueth from the Cimmerij At Tavium which was inhabited with the Trogini was a brazen Statue of Iupiter and his Temple was a priuiledged Sanctuarie The Tolistobogi had for their chiefe Mart Pisinus wherein was a great Temple of the Mother of the Gods whom they called Andigista had in great veneration whose Priests had sometime beene mightie This Temple was magnificently builded of the Attalian Kings with the Porches also of white stone And the Romans by depriuing the same of the Goddesses Statue which they sent for to Rome as they did that of Aesculapius out of Epidaurus added much reputation of Religion thereunto The Hill Dindyma ouer-looketh the Citie of which shee was named Dindymena as of Cybelus which Orletius supposeth to bee the same Cybele Of the Galatians Deiotarus was King but more fame hath befallen them by Paules Epistle to them Plutarch tells of a Historie of a Galatian woman named Camma worthy our recitall Shee was faire and noble the daughter of Dianaes Priest and richly married to Sinatus the Tetrarch But Sinorix a man richer and mightier then hee became his vniust corriuall and because he durst not attempt violence to her her husband liuing he slew him Camma solaced her selfe as she could cloystering her selfe in Dianaes Temple and admitting none of her mightie suiters But when Sinorix had also moued that suit she seemed not vnwilling and when he came to desire her marriage she went forth to meet him and with gentle entertainment brought him into the Temple vnto the Altar where shee dranke to him a cup of poysoned liquor and hauing taken off almost halfe she reached him the rest which after shee saw he had drunke she called vpon her husbands name aloud saying Hitherto haue I liued sorrowfull without thee wayting this day now welcome me vnto thee for I haue reuenged thy slaughter on the most wicked amongst men and haue beene companion and partner with thee in life with him in death And thus dyed they both The like manly woman-hood if a Christian might commend that which none but a Christian can discommend Valerius Maximus sheweth of Chiomara her country-woman wife of Ortyagon a great man amongst the Tectosages who in the warres of Manilius the Consul being taken prisoner was committed to the custodie of a Tribune who forc't her to his pleasure After that agreement was made for her ransome and the money brought to the place appointed whiles the Tribune was busie about the receit thereof shee caused her Gallo-graecians to cut off his head which she carryed to her husband in satisfaction of her wrong At the Funeralls of the Galatians they obserued this custome to write letters and hurle them into that latest and fatall fire supposing that their deceased friends should read them in the other world At their sacrifices they vsed not an Aruspex or Diuinor which gazed in the entrailes but a Philosopher without whom they thought no Sacrifice acceptable to their gods The Deuill certaine was the god to whom their humane Sacrifices were acceptable which in deuillish inhumanitie they offered at their bloudie Altars when they diuined of things to come which they did by his falling by the dismembring and flowing forth of his bloud Athenaeus out of Philarchus telleth of one Ariannes a rich Galatian which feasted the whole Nation a whole yeere together with Sacrifices of Bulls Swine Sheepe and other prouision made ready in great Caldrons prouided of purpose for this entertainment that he made them in spacious Boothes which he had therefore built Pausanius saith That the Pesinuntian Galatians abstained from Swines flesh The Legend of Agdistis and Atte which he there addeth is too filthy to relate Betweene the mouth of Pontus the Thracian Bosphorus and part of Propontis on the West and Galatia on the East part of the Euxine Sea on the North and Asia properly so called on the South is situate the Prouince called by the double name of PONTVS and BITHYNIA There were sometimes two Prouinces diuided by the Riuer Sangarius now they are called Bursia by Giraua by Castaldus Becsangial The most famous Cities therein are or rather haue beene NICE famous sometimes for Neptunes Temple but more for the first Generall Councell therein celebrated against Arrius in defence of the Trinitie and Christs Diuinitie Nicomedia sometimes the Seat of Emperours now ruinous Apamia and Prusa or Bursa nigh to the Mount Olympus where the first Ottomans had their seat Royall and all of that race except the Great Turkes themselues are still buried Chalcedon built seuenteene yeeres before Byzantium and therefore the builders accounted blinde which neglected that better Seat Here was a famous Councell of six hundred and thirtie Bishops against the
that he might behold the shafts or beame of Gordius his Cart and the indissoluble knot fastned thereto For great was the fame thereof amongst the next adioyning people that Gordius was one of the ancient inhabitants of Phrygia hauing a little place of ground and two yokes of Oxen the one hee vsed to the plough the other to the Waine or Cart. And while he was one day at plough an Eagle sate vpon the yoke and there continued till euening Gordius astonished at so ominous a token went to the Telmissean Sooth-sayers for to the Telmissean both men and women this diuining science seemed hereditarie and there met with a Virgin whom hee acquainted with this accident she counselled him to returne thither and to sacrifice to Iupiter the King for the augury was good Gordius entreated her company with him that she might instruct him how to sacrifice which shee granted vnto him and afterwards her selfe also in Marriage These had betwixt them Midas a proper stripling Now a sedition hapning among the Phrygians they consulted with the Oracle which answered that a Cart should bring them a King that should end that sedition And whiles they were musing on this answere Midas came riding in his Cart with his parents into the throng and was by the Phrygians forthwith acknowledged King The Car in memory thereof was hanged vp to Iupiter in the Tower or Temple of Iupiter so Curtius calleth it with thankes for that Eagle Iupiters bird sent before to fore-signifie thus much to his Father The knot fastned vnto it was of the barke of the Cornell or dog-tree wouen with such Art that a man could neither finde beginning nor end thereof Bruted it was amongst the Phrygians that hee which could vntie it should be Lord of all Asia Alexander turning it to and fro and with vaine curiositie searching how to loosen it at last with his sword chopped it in sunder lest he should otherwise leaue some scruple in the hearts of his Souldiers Thus farre Arrianus In the LESSER PHRYGIA of a Hill therein called Idaea of a Riuer Xanthe of the Kings Troas Dardania c. stood that eye of Asia and Starre of the East called Ilium or TROY Of which all that I can say will but obscure the renowne and glory which all Heathen Antiquitie haue by an vniuersall consent of Poesie and History giuen to it And what Greeke or Latine Author hath not mentioned her ruines and done exequies to her Funerall Dardanus is named her founder after whom and his succeeding sonne Ericthonius Tros ruled who erected the Temple of Pallas and reedified the Citie leauing thereto his name To him succeeded Ilus and after him his sonne Laomedon whom Neptune and Apollo helped in repayring the Citie which Hercules sacked and Priamus restored but to a greater losse by the Grecians tenne yeeres siege and one nights spoyle Dares and Dictys supposed Historians of those times besides Homer and the Greekes and Latines his followers haue more then enough related the particulars Hesione sister to Priamus was by Hercules giuen to Telamon for the first entring the walls Her did Priam demand in vaine by Antenor and Aeneas his Ambassadours Paris otherwise called Alexander one of the fiftie children of Priamus and Hecuba was sent in the same businesse and returned with Helena the wife of Menelaus a Lacedemonian Prince who consulting with the other Grecian Lords for her recouery first Diomedes and Vlysses were sent to intreat after a thousand sayle of ships to force her restitution which after a tedious warre with much losse on the one side and vtter ruine on the other was effected The league of the Greekes was made by Calchas who diuiding a Boare in two parts caused the Princes with their swords drawne and be sprinkled with blould to passe betweene swearing destruction to Priamus and the Troians The like rites of solemne couenant we read obserued by GOD himselfe and by the Iewes The Religion of Phrygia and Troy and all these Grecian parts of Asia were little if little differing from the Greeke superstitions of which in our Europe-discoueries wee are to relate Therefore adiourning a larger discourse till then wee are a little to mention heere their deuotions In Troy were the Temples of Iupiter Hercaeus at whose Altar Priam was slaine of Iupiter Fulminator of Iuno Apollo Minerua Mercury Neptune To Neptune they which sayled did sacrifice a Black Bull and Oxen whose hinder parts were burnt the inwards they tasted Rams and Hogges were sacrificed also to him To Mercury clouen tongues hurled into the fire To Venus on the Hill Ida To Scamander to the Nymphes in caues To the dead also they sacrificed Black Sheepe ouer a ditch or hole in the ground with wine water and flower thinking that the soules dranke the bloud They had whole flockes sacred to the God vntouched by men They obserued auguries thunders dreames Oracles of Apollo and other superstitions The Troian Virgins when they were to bee married bathed themselues a little before in Scamander vsing these words to the Riuer Take O Scamander my Virginitie This gaue occasion to one Cimon to defloure Callirrhoe hauing hidden himselfe in the reeds and vpon that watch-word lifted vp his Reedie-head and forced his Maiden-head which caused the ceasing of that foolish and superstitious custome But of all their superstition the most famous was their fatall Palladium a name giuen to all Images which superstition beleeued not made with his hands was said to haue fallen from heauen a Pessinus or as Apollodorus witnesseth at Ilium at the prayer of Ilus when he built it For he hauing a pyed Oxe giuen him by the King of Phrygia and warned by him to build a Citie where that Oxe should lye downe followed him to this place where he built a Citie which hee called of his owne name Ilium and desiring Iupiter to send him some signe found this Palladium the next morning before his Tent. Some say Asius a Philosopher made it by Magicall Art Apollodorus addeth that it moued vp and downe holding in the right hand a Iauelin in the left a Distaffe It was three cubits long Apollo's Oracle fore-warned that that Citie should neuer be taken in whose walls it was kept They hid it therefore in a more secret part of the Tower that it should not be publikely knowne making many other like it to deceiue all future deceiuers A woman-woman-Priest attended the holy things in honour thereof keeping fire continually burning It was vnlawfull with common hands or eyes to touch or see it And therefore when Ilus saued it from flames the Temple being on fire he was for his blind zeale punished with blindnesse of which soone after hee recouered by diuine indulgence Vlysses stole it from them And thus perished that famous Phrygian Citie if that may be said to perish which still continueth farre farre more famous by Homers pen then Priams Scepter or Hectors valour The ruines thereof are as yet very apparant
therefore the fugitiue Stone The Cyzican Towers yeelded a seuen fold Eccho The Mysians for their great deuotion were called smoke-climers a fit name for all superstitious They had in honour the Nymph Brythia vnder colour of religion the Parians cousened the Lampsacens of a great part of their territory Of this City was Priapus aforesaid a man monstrous in lusts admirable in his plentifull issue hated of the men howsoeuer of the women beloued and by them exiled to a wilde life in the field till a grieuous disease sent amongst them caused them by warning of the Dodonaean Oracle to recall him Fit seruitour for such a god Hence the tale of his huge Genitals and of his Garden-deitie Offering to rauish a Virgin at the time of her wedding he was seared by the braying of an Asse a creature for this cause consecrated to sacrifices Lettice most sutable to such lips A little hence standeth Abydus where was a famous Temple of Venus in remembrance of their libertie recouered by a Harlot Ouer against the same on Europe side was Sestus chaunted by the Poets the guard of the Hellespont one of the keyes saith Bellonius of the Turkish Empire the Castles being for that purpose well furnished the Straits not aboue seuen furlongs ouer Here did Xerxes ioyne Asia to Europe by a bridge professing warres not against the Greekes alone but against the Elements To Mount Athos did this Mount Atheos write his menacing Letters To the Hellespont hee commanded three hundred stripes to be giuen and fetters to be cast in with reuiling speeches for the breach of his new-made bridge which the Sea disdaining the stopping of his passage and infringing his libertie had by tempest broken In Mysia was that famous Pine-tree foure and twentie foot in compasse and growing intire threescore an ten foot from the root was diuided into three armes equally distant which after gathered themselues close into one top two hundred foot high and fifteene cubits Apollo Cillaeus had a Temple dedicated to him at Cilla another was erected at Chrysa to Apollo Smynthius and twentie furlongs thence another to Diana Astirma another with a sacred Caue at Andira to the mother of the Gods this Caue reached vnder the earth to Palea a hundred and thirtie furlongs Attalus reigned in these parts who furnished the Library of Pergamus with two hundred thousand Volumes for the writing wherof those parchment skins were inuented therefore called to this day Pergamenae Of this name Attalus were three of their Kings the last of which made the Romans his heires Heere was that cruell Edict of Mithridates published to murther the Romans whereby many driuen to seeke helpe of Aesculapius in his Temple at Pergamus found him either vnmercifull or vnskilfull to cure them although his Physick-shop was in this Citie Here were inuented by King Attalus Tapestrie hangings called Aulaea of Aula his hall which was hanged therewith Here was also a yeerely spectacle of the Cock-fight The Mysian Priests abstained from flesh and marriage They sacrificed a Horse whose inward parts were eaten before their vowes South-wards from hence along the Sea-coast trendeth Aeolis whereunto adioyneth LYDIA called anciently Asia and the Inhabitants Asiones It was called Maeonia of Manes their first King who begat Cotys and he Attys and Asius of whom some say Asia taketh name Cambletes a Lydian King saith Athenaeus was so addicted to gourmandize that in the night he did teare and eate his wife and finding her hand in the morning in his mouth the thing being noysed abroad he killed himselfe The same Author telleth of King Andramytes that he made women Eunuches for his attendants that the Lydians were so effeminate that they might not endure the Sun to looke vpon them for which cause they had their shadie bowers that in a place therefore called Impure they force women and maidens to their lust which Omphale who had indured this violence comming after to bee their Queene reuenged by as vniust iustice For assembling all the seruants or slaues shee shut vp among them their masters daughters permitting them to their pleasures Shee was daughter of Iardanus of the posteritie of Attis who set Hercules his taske to spin amongst her maides Her husband Timolus deflowred Arriphe in Diana's Temple Of him haply was named the hill Timolus which yeelded golden sands to the Riuer Pactolus Halyattis was after a long succession the Lydian King father to Croesus whose Sepulchre was an admirable Monument being at the bottome stone else where earth built by men and women slaues and hired persons It is sixe furlongs in compasse and two hundred foot and a thousand and three hundred foot broad All the daughters of the Lydians prostitute themselues and thereby get their liuing and dowrie These were the first inuenters of coyning money the first Hucsters and Pedlers the first players at Dice Balls Chesse in the time of Attys the first driuen to this shift by famine which when they knew not otherwise to redresse they deuised these games passing the time of euery second day with these pastimes then beguiling their emptie bellies and according to their ominous inuention now not so much the companions as the harbengers and forerunners of emptinesse although some contrarie to their first originall vse them to ease their fulnesse Thus did the Lydians liue if Herodotus be beleeued two and twentie yeeres eating and playing by course till they were faine to diminish their multitudes by sending Colonies vnder Tyrrhenus vnto that part of Italy which of him receiued that name Here on the winding streames of Meander or nigh thereto was situate Magnesia not that by Harmus whose Inhabitants worshipped the Dyndimene Mother of the Gods But the old Citie and Temple perishing and a new builded the Temple was named of Diana Leucophryna exceeding that of Ephesus in workmanship but exceeded in greatnesse and multitude of oblations And yet this was the greatest in Asia except the Ephesian and Dindymene Of Tralles a neighbouring Citie was Metrodorus the Priest of Iupiter Laryssaeus In the way from thence to Nyssa is a Village of the Nyssaens Acharaca There is the Plutonium compassed with a Groue and the Temple of Pluto and Iuno and the Caue Charonium admirable to the view ouer-hanging the Groue which it threatneth seeming to deuoure it They say that sicke men which are deuoted to those Gods goe thither and in a street neere the Caue stay with such as are expert in those mysteries who sleeping for them inquire the course to cure them by dreames These inuoking diuine remedies many times lead them into the Caue where abiding many dayes with fastings and sweatings they sometimes intend to their owne dreames by the counsells of the Priests To others this place is pestilent and inaccessible Here are yeerely festiualls solemnized and then most of all are these deuotions practised Youths and striplings naked and anoynted draw or lead a Bull into the same
therein an hundred twentie seuen Pillars the workes of so many Kings threescore foot in height and sixe and thirtie of them very curiously wrought The Temple was foure hundred twentie fiue foot long two hundred and twentie broad of the Ephesians holden in such veneration that when Croesus had begirt them with a straight siege they deuoted their Citie to their Goddesse tying the wall thereof with a rope to the Temple It was enriched and adorned with gifts beyond value It was full of the workes of Praxiteles and Thraso The Priests were Eunuches called Megalobyzi greatly honoured and had with them sacred Virgins Some call these or else another order of Diana's Priests Estiatores and Essenae that is Good fellowes after the appellation of this bad age which by yeerely courses had a peculiar diet assigned them and came in no priuate house All the Ionians resorted to Ephesus at Diana's festiuall which with daunces and other pompe they solemnized with their wiues and children as they had done before at Delos the Temple had priuiledge of Sanctuarie which Alexander extended to a furlong Mithridates to a flight-shot Antonius added part of the Citie But Augustus disanulled the same that it should no longer bee a harbour for villaines This the Romans finde saith a Roman Pope relating this Historie among whom are so many Sanctuaries as Cardinals houses in which theeues and ruffians haue patronage which make the Citie otherwise quiet and noble a denne of theeues A lake named Selinusius and another which floweth into it were Diana's patrimonie which by some Kings being taken from her were after by the Romans restored And when the Publicans had seized the profits Artimedorus was sent in Ambassage to Rome where hee recouered them to Diana for which cause they dedicated to him a golden Image in the Temple In the midst of the lake was the Kings Chappell accounted the worke of Agamemnon Alexander not onely restored the Ephesians to their Citie which for his sake they had lost and changed the gouernment into a popular state but bestowed also the tributes which before they had paied to the Persians vpon Diana and caused them to be slaine which had robbed the Temple and had ouerthrowne the Image of Philip his father therein and such of them as had taken Sanctuarie in the Temple he caused to be fetched out and stoned While hee staied at Ephesus hee sacrificed to Diana with very solemne pompe all his Armie being arranged in battell array But this Temple of Diana together with their Diana is perished But neuer shall that Truth perish which Paul writ in his Epistle to them for obseruing which by Christ himselfe in another Epistle written by S. Iohn they are commended and which in a Councell there holden was confirmed against the Heresie of Nestorius and Celestius But alas that golden Candlesticke as was threatned is now almost by Greekish superstition and Turkish tyrannie remoued thence a Bishop with some remnants of a Church still continuing The Ephesians were obseruers of curious Arts which not onely Luke mentioneth but the prouerbe also confirmeth Ephesiae literae so they called the spells whereby they made themselues in wrestling and other conflicts inuincible The summe of those Magicall bookes burned by them Luke rateth at 50000. pieces of siluer which Budaeus summeth at 5000. Crownes The many Temples of Venus at Ephesus are not worth memorie Memorable is the History of an Ephesian maid who when Brennus inuaded Asia promised him her loue which he much desired and withall to betray the Citie to him if hee would giue her all the Iewels and Attire of the women which the Souldiers were commanded to doe who heaped their gold so fast vpon the Damosell according to their command that shee was therewith couered and slaine The Asiarchae which Luke nameth Beza saith were certaine Priests whole office it was to set forth publike playes and games in honor of their Gods as also were the Syriarchae The Ephesians as all other Ionians were much addicted to nicenes and sumptuousnesse of attire for which other their delicacies they grew into a prouerbe The Ionians had other places and Temples amongst them famous for deuotion and antiquitie such as no where else are to be seene as the Temple and Oracle of Apollo at Gemini Myus had a small arme of the Sea whose waters by the means of Meander fayling the soyle brought forth an innumerable multitude of fleas which forced the Inhabitants to forsake their Citie and with bagge and baggage to depart to Miletus And in my time saith Pausanias nothing remaineth of Myus in Myus but Bacchus Temple The like befell to the Atarnitae neere to Pergamus The Persians burnt the Temple of Pallas at Phocea and another of Iuno in Samos the remaines whereof are worthy admiration the Erythraean Temple of Hercules and of Pallas at Prienae that for antiquitie this for the Image The Image of Hercules is said to be brought in a ship which came without mans helpe to the Cape where the Chians and Erythraeans laboured each to bring the same to their owne Citie But one Phormio a Fisher-man of Erythraea was warned in a dreame to make a rope of the haires cut off from the heads of the Erythraean Matrons by which their husbands should draw the same to the Towne The women would not yeeld but certaine Thracian women which had obtained their freedome granted their haire to this purpose to whom therefore this priuiledge was granted to enter into Hercules Temple a thing denied to all other the Dames of Erythraea The rope stil remaineth and the Fisher-man which before was blinde recouered his sight In this Towne also is Mineruaes Temple and therein a huge Image of Wood sitting on a Throne holding with both hands a Distaffe There are the Graces and Houres formed of white Marble At Smyrna was the Temple of Aesculapius and nigh to the Springs of the Riuer Meles a Caue in which they say Homer composed his Poems Thus much Pausanius The Ionian letters were more resembling the Latine then the present Greeke are and were then common as in our first Booke is shewed in our Phoenician Relations At Miletus a mad phrensie had once possessed their Virgins where by it came to passe that they in great multitudes hanged themselues Neither cause appeared nor remedie Needs most they goe whom the Deuill driues Whom neither the sweetnesse of life bitterternesse of death teares intreaties offers custodie of friends could moue Modestie detained from proceeding in this immodest butcherie and which is more to be wondred at a Posthume modestie which could not be borne till they were dead For a Law was made That the naked bodies of such as had thus strangled themselues should bee drawne through the streets which contumely though it were but a Gnat to those Camels which with the halter they swallowed yet strained they at it and it could
and others attribute this to Guine and say that these slaues became his disciples first and after Souldiers to his sonne Aidar against the Christian Georgians This Aider Erdebil or after Iouius Harduelles forsaking as some say the world led a streight life in continency and austerity and was therefore admired as a Prophet and resorted to out of all parts of Armenia and Persia comming to Tauris to see him Hee inueighed against the common opinion concerning Mahomets successors as Guine and Sophi had done shutting vp heauen to all sauing Hali his followers For so the Persians vse to say in their prayers Cursed be Ebubeker Omar and Osman GOD be fauourable to Hali and well pleased with him Vsuncassan moued with his fame gaue him in mariage his daughter Martha begot of the Christian Lady Despina daughter of Calo Ioannes Emperour of Trapezond both of them by this alliance strengthning themselues against the Turke Aidar had by this Martha Ismael whom she trayned vp in the principles of Christian Religion Iacob successor of Vsuncassan iealous of the multitude of Aidars disciples and the greatnesse of his fame caused him to be secretly murthered persecuting all his professed followers with fire and sword Ismael then a child fled into Hyrcania to one Pyrchales a friend of his fathers who afterwards ayded him to the recouering of his patrimonie Boterus saith that Iacob after the murther of Aidar committed his two sonnes Ismael and Solyman to Amanzar a Captayne of his to be conueyed to Zalga a strong mountaynie place but he brought them vp liberally with his owne children and in his last sicknesse gaue them horse and two hundred Ducats with aduice to repaire to their mother where taking vpon him the protection of the sect of Hali and the reuenge of his fathers death his enterprises succeeded prosperously Giouan Maria Angiolelio saith that Iacob being poysoned 1485. the Signiorie was possessed by a kinseman of Iacobs called Iulauer after whose three yeeres raigne succeeded Baysingir two yeeres after Rustan seuen yeares who sent Solimanbec against Sechaidar the father of Ismael who made challenge to the State in right of his wife the daughter of Vsuncassan who slew him in the field Rustan would also haue killed the mother and her sonnes had not entreatie of his Nobles preuented it He committed them to ward in the Iland of the Armenians in the Lake Astumar whither he sent for them againe after three yeeres but they for feare fled to Ardouil there liued closely for a time Rustan was slaine by Agmat through his mothers procurement who loued that Agmat who abode Sultan fiue months was slaine by Rustans Souldiers And Aluan the kinsman of Vsuncassan was Signior whom Ismael slew A certaine Merchant who abode a long time in Tauris and trauelled thorow the most part of Persia skilfull of the Turkish Persian and Arabian languages either seeing himselfe or learning of them which did see in the time of Ismael relates this history somewhat otherwise whom as learning of the Persians themselues the Persian affaires we may reckon worthy to be followed Hee saith that this Sechaidar in Ardouil was this head of thy Sophian Sect and had three sonnes and three daughters by the daughter of Vsuncassan He was a zealous enemie against the Christians oftentimes with his followers repayring into Circassia doing the people much damage which when in the daies of Sultan Alumut hee attempted as before times he was by Alumuts order forbidden at Darbent further passage but seeking to make way by force he was by the forces of Alumut taken and his head on the top of a Lance presented to Alumut and by his command giuen to the Dogges to bee eaten the cause why the Sophians are such enemies vnto Dogs killing all they finde This newes comming to Ardouil his three sonnes fled one into Natolia another to Aleppo Ismael the third to an Iland in the Lake of Van in which is a Citie of Christian Armenians where he abode foure yeeres in the house of an Armenian Priest being then about thirteene yeeres old who vsed him courteously and instructed him in the rudiments of Christian Religion A yeere after he went from Arminig to Chillan where he kept with a Gold-smith his fathers friend In this time hee had intelligence by mutuall writing with his friends at Ardouil and with this Gold-smith hauing gathered together eighteene or twentie men of their Sect secretly to take a strong Castle called Maumutaga and hidden in ambush two hundred horse-men of his friends in Ardouill suddenly slaying the Guard and possessing himselfe of the Castle he entred a Towne not farre from the Castle killing the Inhabitants and carrying the spoile to the Castle This Castle was verie rich because it was a principall Hauen of the Caspian Sea and so strong that when Alumut had newes hereof hee was disswaded from sending any power thither to besiege him Two daies iourney from hence is Sumachi which with his power now encreased he also took and diuided the spoiles euery where to his Souldiers which with fame of this liberalitie came from all parts vnto him He sent also into Hiberia three or four daies iourny from thence which was then gouerned by seuen great Lords three of which Alexander Sbec Gorgurambec and Mirzambec with many promises of present spoiles and future exemptions from tribute hee won to his side receiuing from each of them three thousand horse so that he was now growne fifteene or sixteene thousand strong Alumut with thirtie thousand valiant Souldiers went to meet him between Tauris Sumachia and hauing passed a great Riuer ouer which were two Bridges he presently caused them to be broken Ismael arriuing there the next day with great diligence found a passage thorow the streame and with his whole forces in front in the breake of the day assailed Alumut his armie little suspecting such a good morrow that Alumut with a few companions hardly escaped The pauilions horses and other bootie Ismael bestowed on his Souldiers and then hasted to Tauris where entring without resistance hee made great slaughter killing all the race of Iacob opening his Sepulchre and the Graues of other Noble-men which had been at the battaile of Darbent against his father and burning their bones three hundred harlots he caused to be cut asunder in the middle hee killed all the Dogs in Tauris and because his mother had married to one of those Nobles which were in the battaile of Darbent he caused her head to bee stricken off in his presence In this while many Townes Cities Castles and Lords submitted themselues to him and weare his red-coloured Turbant but the Castle Alangiachana whereto were subiect eighteene Villages of Christians which vsed yeerely to send to Rome two men from the Patriarch to the Pope of whose faith they were speaking Armenian hauing some bookes but quite lost the vse of the Italian language this Castle I say held out for Alumut vntill his death While
their seuenteene Articles of difference mine Author hath not expressed These are sufficient to shew that they not onely differ about the successors of Mahomet as Minodoi affirmeth but about Dogmatical points also in their ridiculous Theologie and interpretation of their law These differences haue continued of old and long continuance what hath in latter times accrewed hereunto by the Sophian additions of Guine and his followers is in part touched in the former Chapter Let vs now take view thereof as the same at this present hath infected Persia and the neighbouring Regions There is resident in Casbin their profane Priest called Mustaed-Dini that is to say the chiefe of the law who is as the Mufts among the Turkes and in the other subiect Cities are certaine peculiar heads obedient to this chiefe Priest who notwithstanding are not chosen or displaced at his pleasure but by the King himselfe who should not onely be a King but a Priest as Ali and Mahomet were from whom hee challengeth succession And we haue shewed before that Ismael was called Halife or Chalife that is the Vicar of God Howbeit for auoyding of greater trouble he granteth that fauour and putteth ouer that burthen from himselfe vnto others to whose iudgements he also referreth himselfe whensoeuer there is any Consultation or Treatie touching their law and religion Vnder the Mustaed-Dini are the Califs sayth Minadoi and these are they that execute their dayly Seruice in their Mosches or Temples The chiefe of these Califs is hee that putteth the Horn vpon the Kings head when he is first enthronized a ceremonie now performed in Casbin because the Turkes forbad it to bee performed in Cafe neere vnto Babylon according to the ancient wont Other Cities also haue a Mustaed-Dini and Calif although inferiour to them of Casbin These inferiour Califs seeme to be Vicars so the word signifieth of the Mustaed-Dini The difference betweene the Turke and Persian as commonly it happeneth in case of Religion is so hotly pursued on both sides betwixt them that they neither vse mutuall marriage nor Merchandize as some affirme there can be no certaine Peace or continuing Truce And if one altar his Religion and turnes to the other side hee is not receiued without a new Circumcision Baiazet the great Turke burnt two hundred Houses in Constantinople infected with this Sect together with the inhabitants and set forth a publike Edict against it Ismael is sayd in like hatred of the Turkes to haue caused a Swine to be nourished which in despight of the Ottoman he named Baiazet Solyman returning from Amasia was entertained in the house of one of this Sect who therefore after the departure of his Prince purified his house with washings perfumes and other ceremonies as if it had beene polluted with a Turkish guest for which cause himselfe was slaine and his house rased But let vs take a further view of this Sect in other Countries §. II. Of the spreading of the Persian Opinion NEither could it containe it selfe in the limits of the Persian Kingdome but was spread further and receiued euen in the heart of Turkie and skirts of India For amongst other the Disciples of Aidar Chasan Shelife and Schach Culi afterwards surnamed Cuselbas fleeing the fury of the Persian King who had slaine their Master and persecuted his followers came into Armenia Minor and there tooke vp their dwelling at the great Mountaine Antitaurus at the soot whereof the broken Rocks haue many darke Caues the worke of Art partly partly of Nature which place of the inhabitants is called Teke-ili whereof Schach Culi was after called Techellis Here these two giuing themselues wholly to a contemplatiue life in a strict austerity contenting themselues with such things as the earth voluntarily affoorded began to grow in knowledge first of the Heardsmen and Shepheards after of the Husbandmen and Countrey people admiring their new holinesse Yea Baiazet himselfe then Emperor of the Turkes moued with zeale of their deuotion sent them yeerely sixe or seuen thousand Aspers Afterwards becomming Fortune-tellers and prognosticating things to come they were by the supersttious people drawne into Villages and Cities where they preached Hali according to Aidars doctrine enioyning their Disciples the red Band on their Turbants of which the Turkes tearme them Cuselbas that is Red-heads with which in short time the Cities and Townes were filled When they were thus multiplied there met ten thousand of them at a Fayre at Tascia or Attalia where they executed the chiefe Magistrate and being perswaded by these new Masters they sware neuer to forsake their Captaines or refuse any labour for their most holy Religion vowing their soules and bodies in defence thereof These Captaine 's not hauing otherwise to maintaine their followers gaue them leaue to forrage the Countrey adioyning and to liue vpon the spoyle of them that would not receiue their new doctrine which they in many troupes and with many preyes accordingly performed They entred into Lycaonia and the people fled out of the Countrey into Iconium There two Prophets set vp Proclamations of blessings to all such as would receiue their Sect and of destructions to the gainesayers Ismael also to encrease their strength had sent them some troupes of horsemen In the Politike Historie which Crusius hath giuen vs in the first booke of his Turcogracia it is sayd that two hundred thousand followed Sach Cules In this war Baiazets two Nephewes with the forces of the Countrey encountring them in battell receiued the ouerthrow Corcutas the sonne of Baiazet with his Armie durst not assayle them Thus marched they into Bithynia where neere vnto the Riuer Sangarius Caragoses Bassa Viceroy of Asia affronted them hauing before commanded Achmetes the eldest sonne of Baiazet to leuie forces in his gouernment of Cappadocia and Pontus to shut them in at their back But Techellis after the losse of seuen thousand men and all his Ensignes chased him out of the field into Cutaie the seat of the Viceroy where he besieged and tooke him with his wiues and children and after being pursued by Alis Bassa with forces out of Europe hee impaled this Caragoses in the way on a sharpe stake fastened in the ground Here was hee forced to fight and his fellow Chusan Shelife slaine but Techellis recouering the battell almost lost left Alis Bassa slaine in the place the Turkes fleeing before him Ionuses Bassa was sent against him when hauing lost a great part of his strength hee had retired his weakened forces into Antitaurus out of the Woods and Mountaines often assayling the Turkes whence at last he fled into Persia Ionuses caused strait inquisition to be made for these new Sectaries doing such to death with exquisite torments as had borne armes in the late rebellion and burned the rest in the forehead with an hot yron and after transported them together with the friends and kinsemen of such as had beene executed into Europe there to bee dispersed through Macedonia Epirus
Legates to Hannibal that by equiuocation had before fulfilled their Oath of returning foolish Regulus that returnedst to thy Tormentors chusing thy selfe rather then thy Oath to be tortured and most most foolish Martyrs that so sleightly for want of this sleight ran vpon Fire Swords Lyons And might not we begin a contention with that assertion That an Oath for confirmation is to men an end of contention which in this equiuocating Hydra is rather multiplied That neither Rome Ethnike nor primitiue Christian Rome could at least by imitation of diabolicall ambiguous Oracles deuise in those dayes so transcendent a suttlety but Moderne Rome by Iesuiticall midwiferie must be the Mother of so super-fine a babe But what doth this Brat in our way I will rather follow the Iesuits in China then in Rome except when Rome followes them thither too and herein with thankfulnesse accept their report The reason of this equiuocall sound of words is ascribed to the Chinois account of eloquence in writing rather then speaking and therefore to furnish that neglecting this insomuch as familiar messages are sent by writing and not by word of mouth Musicall skill was a good helpe to the Iesuites in learning the language by reason of their varietie of accents And although this multitude of Characters be to the Memory burthensome yet it helpes it as much another way in sauing the labour of learning diuers languages whiles euery Prouince of China speaking diuersly agree in writing the Iaponians also Corayans Cauchin-Chinois Leuhiees all conceiuing the same Characters although the Iaponians haue an Alphabet of letters to write after our manner which the Chinois haue not They write their lines from the top of the Page to the bottome downewards which they multiply from the right hand to the left whereas our custome is quite contrary from the left hand side-wayes We haue three consonants B.D.R. which the Chinois neither vse nor can by any Character expresse and in our words which haue them they borrow some sound neerest the same Likewise they neuer haue two consonants without a vowell betweene and all their words end in vowells except M. or N. of consonants onely This and the diuers pronuntiation of their Characters in diuers places made the Latin forme of Baptisme hard to be expressed by the Iesuites Now for the subiect of their studies their chiefe is Morall Philosophie in Naturall they are rude and their Ethikes are confusedly deliuered not digested into formall method for of Logicke they are ignorant but in confused sentences and discourses The greatest of the Chinian Philosophers was Confutius who was borne fiue hundred and fiftie one yeeres before the Incarnation of our Lord and liued aboue seuentie yeres in great shew of learning holinesse And few of our Ethnike Philosophers haue equalled him many he hath exceeded The Chinois haue him in such reputation that they thinke there neuer liued man more holy and all his sayings are of authoritie beyond gaine-saying amongst the learned And the Kings themselues haue euer since had him in veneration not as a god but as a most excellent man and Author of their learning honouring his posteritie the chiefe of which enioyeth by inheritance ample titles immunities and reuenues They are also indifferently skilled in Astrologie and diuers Mathematicall Sciences in Geometry and Arithmetike they haue beene more expert The Constellations they doe not distinguish as we do and number foure hundred Stars more then our Astrologers reckoning some smaller which doe not alway appeare They tell the Quantities and foretell Eclipses but not exactly and referre all their Astrologie to that which is called Iudiciall esteeming a fatall dependance of all things from the Stars and haue borrowed in these Arts many things from the Saracens The Author of this Royall Family forbad the studie of Iudiciall Astrologie to all but one Family in which it continueth by inheritance But he which now reigneth maintaines many at great cost both Eunuchs in his Palace and Magistrates without which haue two Courts in Paquin one obseruing China Kalenders the other the Saracenicall and compare both together Both of them haue an open place on the top of a small Hill to contemplate the Starres in which they haue Mathematicall Instruments of exceeding greatnesse of molten brasse which seeme to bee ancient On this Hill alwayes one of their Colledge doth watch by night to obserue if any new Comet or other raritie appeare in the Heauens which if it happen the next day they by libell admonish the King thereof together with their opinion of good or euill ensuing This place of contemplation at Nanquin is within the Citie and in massinesse of Instruments excells that at Pequin or Paquin The Pequin-Astrologers haue priuiledge of foretelling the Eclipses of Sunne or Moone and the Magistrates and Priests are commanded to meet in a certaine place in their Robes and Vestments to helpe the labouring Planet which they thinke they doe with musicall sound of Cymballs often bowing their knees all the time of the Eclipse fearing as I haue heard lest some I know not what Serpent should then deuoure the same In Naturall Philosophie they were too Naturall and haue very little Art They knew not the cause of the Moones Eclipse by the interposition of the earth but thought that being opposite to the Sunne it lost the light by some amazement others thought that the Sunne had a hole in the midst against which when the Moone came shee lost her light That the Sunne was greater then the earth seemed to them a strange paradoxe much more that this might be spoken of the Starres the like was it that the Earth was round for they thought it square and the middle and best part thereof to be their Kingdome or that there could be Antipodes without falling or that heauy things were attracted by the Center or that there were Orbes and for the ayre they thought it a vacuum or emptinesse not reckoning it amongst the Elements of which yet they numbred fiue Metall Wood Fire Water Earth Their Arithmetike was with beades on wyre-strings fastned to a linnen cloth In these things Ricius declaring their ignorance and the Europaean Science wan great admiration they which before thought all besides themselues Barbarians saying that they were to vs as the rude Tartars to them and that they left where we began namely at Rhetorike and Grammar which with Ethikes and Politikes are the chiefe Some of the Idolatrous sects had more monstrous and ridiculous fancies that the Sunne hid himselfe euery night in a certaine Hill called Siunni which they said was fixed in the Sea 24000. miles vnder the water and for Eclipses they held that a certaine god named Holochan eclipsed the Sunne couering it with his right hand and so the Moone with his left Their Astrologers rather obserued their old rules little knowing or seeking the Naturall causes The Instruments which they had in their two Colledges at Nanquin and
at this time is Idolatrous and Pagan wherin the common people are somewhat superstitious but the King himselfe the Mandarines or Magistrates as seeing the vanitie thereof and not able to see the truth are in manner irreligious and profane the first worship that which is Nothing in the World and these find nothing in the World but the World and these momentany things to worship Ricius reports that the ancient Chinois worshipped one only great GOD which they called the King of Heauen or otherwise Heauen and Earth wherby he gathers that they thought Heauen and Earth to be endued with life and the Soule thereof to be the greatest GOD. Beneath which they worshipped also diuers Spirits Tutelares preseruers of the Mountaines of Riuers and of the foure parts of the World They held that Reason was to be followed in all actions which light they confessed to receiue from Heauen They neuer conceiued yet such monstrous absurdities of this god and these spirits as the Egyptians Grecians and Romanes haue done whence the Iesuite would haue you thinke euen in this Idolatry many of them to be saued by I know not what congruitie which merits not the mention In succeeding ages this Idolatry became more manifold in some whiles other became Atheists of which their King and Magistrates are blamed And yet this King when some few yeeres since his Palace was fired with lightning being guiltie of his owne vnworthinesse he commanded his sonne to pray to Heauen for reconciliation Fryer Gasper de la Crux being in Canton entred a certaine Religious house where he saw a Chappell hauing therein besides many other things of great curiositie the Image of a woman with a child hanging about her necke and a Lampe burning before her The mysterie hereof so like the Popish mysterie of iniquitie none of the Chinois could declare The Sunne the Moone Starres and especially Heauen it selfe are gods of the first forme in their Idol-schoole They acknowledge Laocon Tzantey the Gouernour of the great god so it signifieth to be eternall and a spirit Of like nature they esteeme Causay vnto whom they ascribe the lower Heauen and power of Life and Death They subiect vnto him three other spirits Tauquam Teyquam Tzuiquam The first supposed to bee Author of Raine the second of humane Natiuitie Husbandrie and Warres the third is their Sea Neptune To these they offer Victualls Odors and Alter-clothes presenting them also with Playes and Comoedies They haue Images of the Deuil with Serpentine lockes and as deformed lookes as here he is painted whom they worship not to obtaine any good at his hand but to detaine and hold his hand from doing them euill They haue many Hee and Shee-Saints in great veneration with long Legends of their liues Amongst the chiefe of them are Sichia the first inuenter of their religious Votaries of both Sects Quannia an Anchoresse and Neoma a great Sorceresse Frier Martin in one Temple in Vcheo told a hundred and twelue Idols They tell of one Huiunsin in the Prouince of Cechian which did much good to the people both by Alchimy making true Siluer of Quick-siluer and by freeing the Metropolitan Citie from a huge Dragon which hee fastened to an yron pillar still shewed and then flew into Heauen with all his House Mice and all lye and all and there they haue built him a Temple the ministers whereof are of the Sect Thausu Trigautius writes of certaine Gods called Foe which they say goe a visiting Cities and Prouinces and the Iesuites in one Citie were taken for these Idols Foe At Sciauchin they in time of drought proclaimed a Fast euery Idoll was sollicited with Tapers and Odours for Raine A peculiar Officer with the Elders of the people obserued peculitr Rites to these purpose the Priests went on Procession all in vaine When the Citie-Gods could doe nothing they fetched a Country-Idoll called Locu which they carrie about worship offer to But LOCV is now growne old thus they said of his deafenesse At last they goe to a Witch who told them Quonin a Goddesse was angry that her backe was burned meaning the Conuerts which burnt their Idols which insensed them against the Christians Hoaquam is the name of an Idoll which hath rule ouer the eyes which they carry about in Procession and beg in his name In time of trouble they haue familiaritie with the Deuill Pedro de Alfaro obserued being in a Ship with the Chinois in this sort They cause a man to lye on the ground groueling and then one readeth on a Booke the rest answering and some make a sound with Bells and Tabors The man in short space beginneth to make visages and gestures whereby they know the Deuill is entred and then doe they propound their requests to which he answereth by word or Letters And when they cannot extort an answere by word they spread a red Mantle on the ground equally dispersing all ouer the same a certaine quantitie of Rice Then do they cause a man that cannot write to stand there themselues renuing their former inuocation and the Deuill entring into this man causeth him to write vpon the Rice But his answeres are often full of lyes In the entries of their houses they haue an Idoll-roome where they incense their Deities morning and euening They offer to them the sweetest odours Hennes Geese Duckes Rice Wine a Hogs-head boyled is a chiefe offering But little hereof falleth to Gods share which is set in a dish apart as the tippes of the Hogs-eares the bylls and feet of the Hennes a few cornes of Rice three or foure drops of Wine Their Bookes tell much of Hell their deuotions little Their Temples are homely and filthy no Oracle is in any of them They haue fables of men turned into Dogs or Snakes and againe metamorphosed into men And they which beleeue the paines of Hell yet beleeue after a certaine space that those damned soules shall passe thence into the bodies of some beasts But their Idolatries and religious Rites will better appeare if we take view of their different Religions and Sects §. III. Of their three Sects and first of that of CONFVTIVS THey reckon in the World and obserue amongst themselues three Sects the first of the Learned the second Sciequia the third Laucu One of these three euery Chinois professeth as doe their Neighbours also which vse their Characters the Iapanders Corians Lequians and Cochin-Chinois The Sect of the Learned is peculiar to the Chinois very ancient and famous which they drinke in together with the Studies of Learning all their Students and Magistrates professing the same obseruing Confutius the Author thereof These worship not Idols nor haue any One God they worship as preseruer of all things certaine Spirits also in an inferiour honour The chiefe of them neither acknowledge Author Time or Manner of the worlds creation Somewhat they discourse of Rewards of Good and Euill but such as are bestowed in this life vpon the
their Monasteries we haue already spoken Their Temples as their other structures come short of the Europaean magnificence yet are they many and that about Paquin it selfe For howsoeuer the King hath little deuotion to any Religion at all yet his Mother is verie zealous repaires and builds Temples in diuers places and in one Monasterie sustaineth aboue a thousand Ministers of her Holies so that this kind elsewhere contemned is in the Royall Citie better respected Hence they haue a Prouerbe In the Citie Royall Ho-xam so they call their Priests in the Prouinces the Magistrates are worshipped We haue mentioned the Temples dedicated to men of Merit and publike Benefactors Such an one is in the confines of the Prouince of Conton erected to the Honor of One which for the benefit of Trauellers made a passage ouer a steepe and vnpassable hill diuiding the rocks as Annibal did the Alpes where are such Precipices as cannot but strike horror to the passenger yet they are safely carried without descending from their chayres borne on men shoulders On the top of this hil is a Temple built to the Colaus that made this way with his Image therein and odours burning perpetually the walls and floore thereof adorned with many Poems and inscriptions to his praise cut in Marble This Mountaine is one daies iourney standing betweene two great Riuers whereby there is continuall traffique betwixt this of Canton and the other Prouinces there being aboue three thousand Porters or bearers of Burthens which carrie those wares besides Beasts of carriage and that with great fidelitie a rare vertue in other parts of China When they haue passed out of Canton ouer this Mountaine they come into the Riuer which is called the Sonne of the Sea for the largenesse but in Winter which is their driest season full of shoalds the cause of much shipwrackes But lest my Relation stay or bee wracked in these shoalds let vs take view of that which the King bestowed on the Iesuites for their Residence and for the Bariall of Matthaeus Ricius to whom our China Relations are so much indebted It was aboue a quarter of a myle from one of the Citie gates built by an Eunuch who now was condemned for some crime and lest his Palace which he had here builded with the expence of aboue 14000. duckats which in China is a great summe in that cheapenesse of all things far beyond Europae an computation should fal into the hands of spoilers the goods of Eunuchs in this kingdome vsually becomming his which first can catch them he consecrated his Palace and made it a Temple maintaining therein one Priest Such Palaces many of the Magistrates haue neere to the Cities as retyring places and Tusculanes for their Muses The portraiture of this whole House with the Garden and other appurtenances Trigantius hath set forth in picture being after the China building with the doore Southwards and so running a great length into the North with foure great Halls one beyond another in the middle parts and on each side Chambers and other roomes beyond all the Garden the pillars of Timber bearing vp the roofe the walls and pauement of Bricke The outmost of these Halls was conuerted into a Temple or Idoll-Chappell in which was a great Altar of Stone and Bricke cunningly fretted painted red a colour forbidden to priuate houses and vpon the midst thereof fate a huge Monster of Earth gilded from top to toe of massie quantitie The Chinois call it Ti cam the God as they fable of the Earth and Treasures as Pluto in the Poets In his hand was a Scepter on his head a Crowne not vnlike those vsed by our Kings On each side stood foure ministers of the same matter on both sides of the roome two great Tables and on each of them fiue Kings or great Officers of Hell On both the wals were painted the same Officers or Iudges sitting on their seuerall Tribunals giuing sentence on wicked men euery one according to the condition of his Court Before them stood many Deuils more terribly formed then with vs The paines of Hell also were so deciphered that could not but strike terror to the beholders some rosted in yron beds some fried in scalding oyle some cut in pieces or diuided in the middle or torne of dogs or otherwise tortured The first of those Iudges examined the faults which they said hee saw in a certaine glasse Those which he found guiltie were sent to the other Iudges according to the qualitie of the crimes One of these was Iudge in cases of Transmigration which sent the soules of cruell men into Tygres of vncleane persons into Swine and the like or if their crimes were smaller into the poorer sort There was a great Ballance in one of the Scales a man laden with sinnes in the other one of their hypocriticall prayer-bookes which counterpoysed the other Scale and freed the sinner There ran through the midst of Hell a discoloured Riuer which carried away many For ouer it were two Bridges one of Gold the other of Siluer by which those passed ouer which had been deuout Idolaters carrying in their hands ensignes of the same these were guided by the Priests which led them through the midst of Hell to faire and pleasant Groues and Gardens In another part were painted the dungeons of Hell with horrible Serpents flames Deuills To the brazen gates thereof there comes an Idolatrous Priest which in despight of all the Deuils deliuers his mother from those flames There was no infernall punishment painted but had such an inscription Hee which shall pray to such an Idoll a thousand times shall be free from this punishment The Iesuites beat the earthen Idols to dust and burnt those of wood wherein the Chinese Conuerts were the forwarder because the Countrey custome is to fill the hollow bellies of these Images with deuoted money or iewells They demolished the Altar and plastred ouer the pictures and in place thereof erected the Image of Christ No priuate man may erect a Temple by Law which yet the mightie Eunuchs transgresse A little before this exchange of Idols into Images after their distinction and a silly one it is some tooke their last leaue of Ti cam one kneeling and bidding it farewell another chasing said Thou masse of dung and earth if thou hast no power to maintaine the Temple and thy selfe what helpe may I looke for at thy hand neither art thou worthy of any honour at mine Others said that this had sometime borne the name of some other Idoll and therefore was auenged for that change At Xauceum is the Temple of Nanhoa vpon a goodly Hill and nigh to it a Monasterie in which are maintained one thousand of their Religious Regulars the lands adioyning being theirs They tell that about eight hundred yeeres since liued one Lusu in great austeritie alwayes girded with a chaine next to his flesh which vsed to grinde as much rice as might
They are very resolute people and dread no attempt which the King shall enioyne them bee it neuer so dangerous All the race of this King Ballomboam was rased and vtterly destroyed by the Passaruan after a long siege which warre was begun in the blood of the King of Ballamboams Daughter whom he slew as is before said and added this Drunkennesse vnto his thirst Iortam or Ioartam contayneth about a thousand Housholds The Inhabitants are Ethnikes and haue their Temples in Woods to which they resort to say and doe their Holies at noone before their deformed Diuell-formed Pagodes In this Citie dwelleth the chiefe Pope or heigh Priest of that Superstition whose authoritie is great in all those parts Hee was a hundred and twentie yeeres old and had many Wiues which nourished him with their milke being not able to take other sustenance a deadly enemie to the Christians whom the King did yet with some priuiledges fauour Edmund Scot writeth That they vse in Bantam martiall Law Adulterie is death The free Iauan must to euery wife keepe ten women-slaues which are their Concubines also some keepe fortie but they may haue but three Wiues They are proud and by this multitude of Slaues poore cruell and cowardly Their Crisses or Daggers are two foot long waued Indenture-fashion and poysoned that few escape The vulgar sort haue little Religion but many pray to the Diuell whom for that end they haue painted in their houses and set Wax Candles and sing before them for feare of hurt which they doe not to God because of his goodnesse The most of their worke is to carue stickes for their Crisse-handles They are Couzeners Theeues Idle Gluttons take Betele Opium Tobacco They haue diuers Sects yet most are in manner Atheists Many Chinois dwell there Some thinke that if they bee good they shall be borne againe after death to great riches and that wicked men shall bee turned into Toades or other vgly beasts Euery New Moone they burne Sacrifices and sing ouer them certayne Prayers in the meane while tinging a Bell which at the end of euery Prayer they ring out which is also their Passing-Bell Ceremonie when any are readie to die They furnish their Altars with Goats Hennes Duckes sometimes raw and sometimes ready dressed all which they eate onely certaine papers painted and cut out in curious workes they burne Many of them haue some skill in Astronomie They keepe no Sabbath but what day they begin any great worke they after keepe holy They haue South-sayers which sometimes runne vp and downe the streets like mad-men with swords in their hands tearing their hayre and throwing themselues against the ground Chinois cut not their haire for then they may not returne to China They buy Slaues and get Children of them which they carrie with them to China but sell the Mother The * Moores if they be Great men haue Moschees in their owne houses they haue one great one in the Citie Forreiners whereof are many from many places inhabite the Suburbes They buy by night distilled Wines of the Chinois and drinke it secretly being forbidden it by their Mahumetane Law It was about the yeere 1560. that this people became of that Sect The men and women passe their time day and night in much sloath dalliance and chewing Betele Epicuri de grege porci CHAP. XVII Of Samatra and Zeilan SAmatra is esteemed by some the greatest of the Easterne Ilands stretching it selfe almost seuen hundred miles in length in bredth aboue two hundred The Ayre is not very wholsome by reason of the situation vnder the Line and the multitude of Lakes and Riuers whereout the Sun drinketh more then hee can well concoct and therefore as it were belcheth out heere continually such crude and vndigested vapours Their food is Millet Rice Sagu and Fruits Their riches are Pepper Ginger Cassia Silke Benioyn Gold Tinne Iron c. The Kingdome of Campa yeeldeth Trees whose pith or marrow is Aloe which is prized in India at the like weight some say of Gold the Barke is called Aquila In the Sea-coast they are Moores in Religion and so haue been about these last two hundred yeeres vp within Land they are Pagans and in many places as in the Kingdomes of Andragiri and Aru they are Man-eaters They were diuided before the Portugals entred India into nine and twentie Kingdomes whereof the chiefe was Pedir after that Pacem and now Acem For Abram sometime a Slaue since King of Acem hath conquered almost all the North part of the Iland and with helpe from the Turke and the Arabians distresseth sometimes the affaires of Malacca This King gaue in marriage with his Daughter to the King of Ior a Peece of Ordnance such as for greatnesse length and workmanship can hardly bee matched in all Christendome Heere is a Hill called Balaluanus which continually burneth and a Fountaine as is reported which runneth pure Balsome Some thinke that this was Chersonesus Aurea of the Ancients Galuanus writeth That the Bacas or Man-eaters in the Mountaines of Samatra gild their teeth and esteeme the flesh of blacke people sweeter then of the white The flesh of their Kine Buffes and Hennes is as blacke as Inke They say that there are certaine people there called Daraqui Dara which haue tayles like to Sheepe Heere is said also to grow a Tree the juyce whereof is strong poyson and if it touch the blood of a man killeth him but if a man drinke of it it is a soueraigne Antidote As for those tayled-people a slander by Beckets Legend reported of some Kentish-men iniurious to that angrie Saint and after applyed to our whole Nation many indeed esteeming the English to bee tayled Galuano affirmeth That the King of Tidore told him that in the Ilands of Batto-China there were some which had tayles hauing also a thing like vnto a dugge betweene their coddes out of the which there came Milke Nicoli di Conti saith in his time the Samatrans were all Gentiles and the Man-eaters amongst them vsed the skuls of their eaten enemies in stead of money exchanging the same for their necessaries and he was accounted the richest man which had most of those skuls in his house In Vertomannus time they had money in Pedir marked on the one side with a Diuell on the other with a Chariot drawne with Elephants Their Religion hee saith is the same with those of Tarnassari burning their Wiues in like manner The inhabitants are cunning Artificers Merchants and Saylers their Ships haue at each end a Prow which with maruellous agilitie they can dispose forwards or backwards making vse of the same according to the diuersitie of Wind and Channell which there are very changeable In Acem are Mesquits of Timber and Reed with Vessels of water at the entrie for them to wash according to the Arabian custome The King comes little abroad nor may any goe to him except he be sent for
eighteene Cubits depth whereinto the water of Nilus is conueyed by a certaine sluce vnder the ground in the midst whereof is a Pillar marked also with eighteene Cubits to which Officers for the purpose resort daily from the seuenteenth of Iune to obserue the increase which if it amount to fifteene Cubits and there stay it doth portend fertilitie and how much ouer or vnder so much lesse abundance In the meane time the people deuoutly exercise Prayer and Almes-giuing And after the price of victuals especially of Corne is proportionably appointed for the whole yeere The Cities and Townes of Egypt whiles this inundation lasteth are so many Ilands Master Sandys writes that it begins to arise with the arising Sunne on the seuenteenth of Iune swelling by degrees till it mounts sometimes foure and twenty Cubits but that the vttermost Heretofore seuenteene was the most that it attayned to presented by that Image of Nilus hauing seuenteene children playing about it brought from hence by Vespasian and dedicated in his Temple of Peace still to bee seene in the Vatican at Rome That yeere when he was there it did rise at Cairo three and twentie Cubits about two miles aboue the Citie at the end of old Cairo in the beginning of August they cut the bankes for sooner it would destroy the vnreaped fruits the Bassa himselfe in person giuing the first stroke a world of people attending Boates or in Pauillions on the shoare with night triumphs and reioycings welcoming in the Riuer into the Land diuers dayes together The Bassa feasts three dayes in the Castle of Michias In the nights their many lights placed in buildings erected of purpose for this solemnity make a glorious shew These lights are said to succeed the Deuillish Sacrifices of a young Man and a Mayd wonted to be offered at this time to Osiris and Isis euery night they haue fire-workes Euery Turke of account hath a gallant Boat adorned with Streamers Chambers and the Lights artificially set to represent Castles Ships Houses or other formes in the day making Sea-fights others practising like exercises on land The soyle is sandy and vnprofitable the Riuer both moystening and manuring it Yea if there dye in Cairo fiue thousand of the plague the day before yet on the first of the Riuers increase the plague not only decreaseth but meerely ceaseth not one dying the day after which we haue elsewhere ascribed to the Sunnes entrance into Leo. The land is otherwise a very Desart as appeared two yeeres together when Cleopatra raigned Nilus not ouer-flowing and in Iosephs seuen yeeres of famine the Riuer being part of Pharaohs Dreame by which he stood and out of which the fat and leane Kine ascended And thus sayth Herodotus The Land of Egypt doth not onely owe the fertility but her selfe also vnto the slimy increase of Nilus for raine is a stranger in this Countrey seldome seene and yet oftner then welcome as vnwholesome to the Inhabitants Pharus by Homer mentioned farre off in the Sea is now adioyning to the Continent The mouthes or falls of Nilus numbred by the Prophet Esay and other in old times seuen and after Plinie who reckoneth the foure smaller eleuen are now as Willielmus Tyrius out of his owne search testifieth but foure or as other Writers but three worthy of consideration Rosetto Balbicina Damiata where the saltnesse of the earth and shels found in it may seeme to confirme Herodotus opinion that Nilus hath wonne it from the Sea which Goropius laboureth to confute Aristotle g doth not onely auerre the former opinion with Herodotus but addes that all the mouthes of Nilus except that of Canopus may seeme to be the labour of men and not naturall Channels to the Riuer HONDIVS his Map of Egypt AEGYPTUS §. II. The diuision of Aegypt and the great workes of their Ancient Pharaos EGypt was anciently diuided into Thebais Delta and the Region interiacent and these subdiuided into sixe and thirty Nomi which we call Shires whereof Tanete and Heliopolite were the assignement of Iacobs Family them called Goshen from whence Moses after conducted them into Canaan as Strabo also witnesseth The wealth of Egypt as it proceedeth from Nilus so is it much increased by the fit conueyance in the naturall and hand-laboured channels thereof Their haruest beginneth in Aprill and is threshed out in May. In this one Region were sometimes by Herodotus and Plinies report twenty thousand Cities Diodorus Siculus sayth eighteene thousand and in his time three thousand He also was told by the Egyptian Priests that it had beene gouerned about the space of eighteene hundred yeeres by the Gods and Heroes the last of whom was Orus after whom it was vnder Kings vntill his time the space almost of fifteene hundred yeeres To Herodotus they reported of three hundred and thirty Kings from Menas to Sesostris The Scripture whose Chronology conuinceth those lying Fables calleth their Kings by one generall name Pharao which some interprete a Sauiour Iosephus saith it signifieth authority and maketh ancient mention of them in the dayes of Abraham Some begin this Royall computation at Mizraim If our Berosus which Annius hath set forth were of authoritie hee telleth that Cham the sonne of Noah was by his father banished for particular abuse of himselfe and publike corruption of the World teaching and practising those vices which before had procured the Deluge as Sodomie Incest Buggerie and was therefore branded with the name Chemesenua that is Dishonest Cham in which the Egyptians followed him and reckoned him among their gods by the name of Saturne consecrated him a Citie called Chemmis The Psalmes of Dauid doe also thus intitle Egypt The land of Cham which name was retayned by the Egyptians themselues in Ieromes dayes Chemmis after Diodorus was hallowed to Pan and the word signifieth Pans Citâ—â—'s in Herodotus his time it was a great Towne in Thebais hauing in it a Temple of Perseus square and set round with Palme-trees with a huge porch of stone on which were two great statues and in it a Chappell with the Image of Perseus The Inhabitants want not their miraculous Legend of the Appatitions of their god and had a relique of his a sandale of two cubits which hee sometimes ware they celebrate festiuall games in his honour after the Greeke manner Herodotus also mentioneth an Iland called Chemmis with the Temple of Apollo in it Some say Thebes was called in their Holies Chemia or Chamia and all Egypt was sometime called Thebes Lucan saith the Egyptians were the first that had Temples but their Temples had no Images Their first Temples are reported to haue beene erected in the time of Osiris and Isis whose parents were Iupiter and Iuno children to Saturne and Rhea who succeeded Vulcan in this Kingdome They built a magnificent Temple to Iupiter and Iuno and two other golden Temples to Iupiter Coelestis and
flesh neither of their owne young nor of men as on the contrarie they worship the Storke for her pietie in nourishing her aged parents that I speake not of their wed-locke chastitie for breach whereof Crollius tells from the relation of an eye-witnesse That in a wood neere to Spire in Germanie the Male complayning to a congregation of Storkes caused them to teare his Mate in pieces The Egyptians also had a conceit That Swines milke would breede the leprosie and that Swine were beasts odious to the Sunne and Moone He citeth out of Endoxus That they spared them for treading their Seede into the ground which was their Harrowing and Tillage when Nilus had newly left the softned Earth to send these Labourers their Kine and Swine to tread in the myrie Earth the Corne which they sowed therein The Egyptians sware by the head of their King which oath whosoeuer violated lost his life for the same without any redemption The Priests in old time renowmed for their learning in Straboes time were ignorant and vnlearned No woman might beare Priestly function These Priests might not eate Egs Milke or Oile except with Sallads they might not salute Mariners nor looke vpon their children or kinsfolks They washed themselues in the day-time thrice and in the night twice they were shauen wore linnen garments alwayes new washed were daily allowed sacred meates Of their ancient Priests thus Du Bartas singeth in Syluesters tune The Memphian Priests were deepe Philosophers And curious gazers on the sacred Starres Searchers of Nature and great Mathematickes Ere any letter knew the ancient'st Attickes Tertullian speakes of the continence of Apis his Priests and addes That certayne women consecrated to the African Ceres voluntarily relinquished marriage and from thenceforth might not touch a Male no not so much as k sse their owne sonnes Their magicke skill appeared in Iannes and Iambres which withstood Moses and in Hermes testimonie of himselfe R. Salomon on Exod. 8. writeth That Pharao said to Moses and Aaron Doe you bring straw into Ophraim a Citie full of straw And doe yee bring inchantments into Egypt which aboundeth therewith Postellus deriueth the Egyptian and Orientall sciences from Abraham to whom he dareth to attribute their diuinations by the Aire Water Fire Earth Birds and alleageth Rambams authoritie That the greatest part of the Alcoran is taken out of the Egyptian learning and saith That Moses and Salomon studied the same and expounded in Scripture what Abraham had taught them to which also hee ascribeth the Iewish Exorcismes in casting out Deuils But some Deuill I thinke hath taught him so to commend these deuillish Arts as he doth no lesse the Alcoran and the Iewes Cabala calling them an excellent Appendix to Moses and both of I know not what magicall facultie first infused into Adam in the puritie of his creation and taught by the Angell Raziel by him deliuered in verball tradition written first by the Henoch the bookes whereof Nimrod stole from Noah which Abraham might learne either in that Chaldean Nation or from Melchisedech But let vs obserue these Priests further When they sacrificed they made choice of their beasts by certaine religious markes a Cow they might not sacrifice as consecrated vnto Isis They kindled a fire and sprinkling water ouer the Sacrifice with inuocation of their God killed it cut off the head which either they sold to the Grecians if they would buy it or cast it into the Riuer with imprecation That whatsoeuer euill was imminent to them or their Countrey might be turned vpon that head This ceremonie seemes to haue come to them from the Iewes And they haue beene as liberall of their Rites since to the Catholikes for so they will be called as appeareth both by this Relation and by the testimonie not onely of Moresinus a Protestant but Maginus Polidorus Boemus and Beroaldus Popish writers although dawbed ouer with new mysticall significations as in Bellarmine and other the purest Catholikes is seene Their Priests were their Iudges the eldest of which was chiefe in pronouncing sentence He wore about his necke a Saphire Iewell with the Image of Truth therein engrauen The Priests of Isis besides their shauings and linnen garments had paper-shooes on their heads Anubis in their hands a Timbrell or a branch of Sea-wormewood or a Pine-apple They had one chiefe Priest or Primate of Egypt as appeareth by Iosephus and Heliodorus who maketh Thyamis to succeede his father Calasyris in this high Priesthood at Memphis Manetho also enioyed this Pontificall Hierarchie as appeareth by his Epistle to Ptolemeus which after shall follow Philostratus speaketh of Gymnosophists which some ascribe to India Heliodorus to Ethiopia he to Ethiopia and Egypt These saith hee dwelt abroad without house on a Hill a little off the bankes of Nilus where grew a Groue in which they held their generall Assemblies to consult of publike affaires hauing otherwise their studies and sacrifices apart each by himselfe Thespesion was the chiefe of this Monkish Colledge when Apollonius after his visitation of the Babylonian Magi and Indian Brachmanes came thither These held the immortalitie of the soule and accounted Nilus for a god If a man at Memphis had by chance-medley killed a man hee was exiled till those Gymnosophists absolued him Hercules Temple at Canopus was priuiledged with Sanctuarie to giue immunitie to Fugitiues and Malefactors Thus elsewhere Osiris Apollo in Syria Diana at Ephesus euery Cardinals house saith a Pope in Rome Saint Peter at Westminster and other Popish Oratories priuiledged Dennes of Theeues §. III. Of their Feasts and Oracles THeir Feasts were many of which Herodotus reckoneth one at Bubastis in honour of Diana To this place the Men and Women at this festiuall solemnitie sayled in great multitudes with minstrelsie and showtings and as they came to any Citie on the waters side they went on shore and the women some danced some played some made a brawle with the women of the place and thus resorting to Bubastis they there offered great Sacrifices spending in this feast more Wine then in all the yeere besides Hither resorted of Men and Women besides Children seuen hundred thousand In Busiris was solemnized the feast of Isis in which after the sacrifice many thousands beat themselues but with what they did beate themselues was not lawfull to relate The Carians that inhabited Egypt did also cut their foreheads with swords signifying thereby that they were forreiners This Citie was in the midst of the Egyptian Delta and in it a very great Temple of Isis A third feast was at Sai in honour of Minerua where assembling by night they lighted candles full of Salt and Oile and therewith went about the walls of the Citie This solemnitie was called Light-burning or if you will Candle-masse This night they which came not hither yet obserued the setting vp of Lights throughout Egypt A fourth
obtayned the Kingdome thus tossed betwixt Moores Turkes and Christians but was after taken and sent prisoner to Sicilia Mahomet brother of Amida now a slaue in Sicilia was made King of Tunis vnder the Spaniard 1573. by Don Iohn of Austria but the next yeere after Selym the Turke tooke Guletta holden by the Spaniards almost fortie yeeres and at last tooke Tunis also Mahomet the new King was sent to Constantinople prisoner It hath sayth Leo many Temples especially one of singular beauty and greatnesse furnished with store of Priests and Reuenue also many Colledges of Schollers and Monasteries of Religious persons to which the people yeeld liberall Almes They are so befooled that they esteeme Fooles Saints and while I was at Tunis the King built a faire Monastery for one Sidi el Dahi which went vp and downe with his head and feete bare hurling stones and crying like mad man endowing the same with great Reuenue for him and all his kindred Biserta is an ancient City supposed by some to be Vtica where Cato slue him selfe §. II. Of Cairaoan and the Kingdome of Tripolis CAiraoan hath beene a City famous built by Hucba Generall of the warres of Ozmen or Otman the third Calipha thirty sixe miles from the Sea and from Tunis one hundred to secure themselues from any sudden inuasion which the commoditie of the Sea might cause them He built therein an admirable Temple on Piâ—ats of Marble To Hucba in this gouernment succeeded Muse to whom Iulianus Earle of Cepta offered his seruice for the conquest of Spaine and being found faithfully vnfaithfull with some few Souldiers lent him was after employed with Tarif of whom the hill was called Gehel Tarif now Gibraltar who with an Army of twelue thousand tooke Seuill and after that ouerthrew King Rodericus and being enriched with spoyle was dispossessed thereof by Muse who by this newes of his successe was mooued to follow him into Spaine as the Spanish Writers though not altogether agreeing herein declare and subdued the same in thirty moneths space When Muse or Muza departed with Tarif out of Spaine the Moores there fell into such contentions that in twenty yeeres space there were no lesse then fifteene Kings and one of them setled his Throne in the bloud of three hundred Competitors Iezul the sonne of Muza and after him his Brother and Nephew succeeded each other in this gouernment which Elagleb that followed them turned into an independent and free Signory by occasion as is said of the Chalifa's leauing Damasco and remoouing the Seat Royal or Popedome to Bagdat This House here ruled a hundred and seuenty yeeres at which time Mahdi an hereticall Chalifa depriued them These Saracens wan Sicilia in those times to the Cairaoan Dominion About the foure hundred yeere of the Hegira Elcain was Chalifa in Cairaoan whose Captaine Gehoar conquered vnto him Barbary Numidia and as farre as Sus Westward and after being employed in the East subdued Egypt and Syria Hee for securing himselfe and his Army built Cairo After this he sent to his Lord Elcain to come thither in person assuring him That the Calipha of Bagdat was not able to abide his presence and puissance Elcain listening to Gehoar appointed a Lieutenant in Cairaoan and went to Cairo But his Lieutenant of Cairaoan rebelled and offered his obedience to the Chalifa of Bagdat who therefore gaue him large Priuiledges and made him King of all Africa Elcain in these Straits knew not which way to turne him till by counsell of his Secretary he tooke this course The Arabians at that time were exceedingly multiplyed insomuch that the Country otherwise barren could not sustaine them and their Cattell To these hee gaue leaue to passe into Africa paying for euery Poll a Duckat and taking an oath of them to bee enemies to his Rebell These in short time sacked Tripolis and Cabis and after eight moneths siege Cairaoan also and remayned Lords of Africa till Ioseph the first King of Marocco who gaue aide to the Kinsmen of that Rebell wonne the Cities from the Arabians which still kept possession of the fields The Lord of Cairaoan fled Westward and reigned in Bugia and the parts adioyning and others of his kindred ruled in Tunis till the Kings of Marocco swallowed all that City being built presently after the Arabians had destroyed this in the yeere foure hundred twenty foure of their Hegira as Leo reckoneth Cairaoan hath in it an ancient Temple and Colledge of Priests Hither the great men among the Moores and Numidians are brought to be buried hoping by the Prayers of those Priests to climbe to Heauen For this cause Boterus sayth they enter into this City vnshod with great reuerence The Arabians haue filled Africa with themselues their Armes Arts and Language Arabike Letters as Postellus affirmeth were borrowed of the Chaldees and first with Mahomet and his Law began to bee called Arabike Hee findeth in the same I know not what Cabalisticall Mysteries yeelding more certaine predictions then from the Heauens or Orracles and is much studied he saith in Tunis Marocco and Cairo Tripolis of Barbary for there is another of that name in Syria so called because the Arcadians Tyrians and Sidonians inhabited it was so named of three Cities whose Colonies planted it Abratonum and Tophia and Leptis magna or as others Cesa or Taphra or Oea Sabrada and Leptis It was built by the Romans conquered by the Gothes and after by the Saracens And after the destruction thereof the Africans built a new Tripolis wherein were many faire Temples Colledges for Students and Hospitals Corne is alway deare because their fields are Sand It was subiect vnto the King of Tunis till the King of Fez carried away the King of Tunis prisoner At which time the Genouese Fleet of twenty Sayle tooke Tripolis and sold it to the Fezan for fifty thousand Duckats But the Kings of Tunis recouered it after Zacharias being King played the Tyrant and therefore was expelled and a certaine Citizen was aduanced to the Throne who at first gouerned modestly but declining to tyrannie was murdered And a Courtier of Prince Abubacer who had made himselfe an Heremite was forced to be their King who ruled Tripolis till Ferdinando sent Peter Nauarre who came thither in the Euening and the next day tooke it and the King remayned captiue till Charles the fift freed him Charles gaue the Citie to the Knights of Malta whom the Turkes dispossessed by force Anno 1551. and there haue their Beglerbeg or Vice-roy to this day This was one and forty yeeres after Nauarre had taken it The Kings of Tunis liued in great delicacie among their women Musicians Players and such like committing the gouernment to the Munafid or high Steward and other Officers When he cals for a Musician he is brought in hood-winked like a Hawke The Inhabitants are exceeding prodigall in Perfumes They haue a compound called Lhasis one ounce
him at other times in Iudgement but on the Friday he sits alone by himselfe Of these Mufties are three one at Marocco another at Fez the third at Taradant in Sus another part of this Seriffian Kingdome Other Iudges sit all the yeere long two houres before noone and as many after Before these euery one pleades his owne cause and if the witnesses can bee proued to bee infamous of life or not to say their prayers sixe times a day their testimonie is disabled The Scriuanos are Talbies which assist the Iudge and in his absence supply his place The Fokers or Saints Leo before calls them Heremites dwell in the best places of the Countrey keepe great hospitalitie for all trauellers whither any man may come for a night and be gone in the morning They giue great example of morall liuing and almes to the needie comprimising matters of difference betwixt parties and repressing disorders They are much loued and respected and their houses are holden Sanctuaries whose priuiledges the King will not breake but vpon waightie reasons CHAP. XI Of the Kingdome of Marocco with a Discourse of the Kings thereof and of the Seriffe Xarif or Iarif and his posteritie now reigning in Barbarie §. I. Of the Kingdome Kings and Citie of Marocco THe Kingdome is situate betweene Atlas and the Atlantike Ocean bearing name of the chiefe Citie thereof fruitfull of Corne Oile Grapes Sugar Honey and Cattell They make fine cloth of Goats haire and of their hides that leather which hence is called Marocchine This Kingdome is diuided into seuen Prouinces through which we intend our next perambulation taking Leo for our guide beginning at Hea which on the North and West hath the Ocean Atlas on the South and the Riuer Esifnual on the East The people feede on Cakes of barley and on a pappe or hastie-pudding of barley-meale which being set in a platter all the familie compasse about and rudely with Natures spoones claw forth those dainties Naperie they vse none a Mat laid on the ground , serueth for table and cloth and stooles too Caps are the priuiledges of age and learning Linnen shirts are almost banished their Countrey and so are Arts liberall and mechanicall except some simple Lawyer which can make some shift to reade and a Surgeon to circumcise their children Their physicke is cauterizing as men deale with beasts They are alway in mutuall warres one with another yet will not they iniurie a stranger who if he would trauell amongst them must take some harlot or wife or religious man of the aduerse part with him At Tednest one of their Cities such respect is had to strangers that if a Merchant come hither and hath no acquaintance the Gentlemen of the Citie cast lots who shall be his Host and they vse him kindly looking only for some Present at his departure in token of thankfulnesse And if he be a meaner person he may choose his Host without any recompence at all In the midst of the Citie was a great and ancient Temple with many Priests attending their deuotions besides other meaner Oratories This Citie hath since been ruined and desolate In Teculeth were a thousand households foure Hospitals one beautifull Temple and a house of religious persons destroyed it was by the Portugals An. 1514. as Hadecchis had beene the yeere before Ileusugaghen is another Towne of Hea or of Hell rather so full is it of confusion bloud and murthers besides the want of Learning Ciuilitie Iudges Priests or whatsoeuer else may detayne those men from a beastly or deuillish metamorphosis The Seriff being made a Prince of Hea brought me thither to be a Iudge but for feare of treason amongst them we were glad to leaue them How farre off in manners is their neere neighbour Tesegdelt where a guard is set at the gates not so much to keepe out enemies as to entertayne strangers whom at his first comming they aske if he haue any friends in the Citie if not they must prouide him entertainment at free-cost They haue a most beautifull Temple furnished with Priests Taglesse the next Towne is a den of theeues and murtherers When I was there such a swarme of Locusts ouer-spred the Countrey that scarce might a man see the earth eating vp their fruits Culeihat was built of a certaine Sectarie in our time first a Preacher attended with troupes of disciples after a cruell and mercilesse Tyrant murthered at last by one of his wiues for lying with her daughter and then his villanies being manifested the people put all his followers to the sword Onely a nephew of his fortified himselfe in a Castle which he held maugre all their might and burying his grand-father caused him to be adored as a Saint Homar Seijf was the name of that Rebell The other parts of Hea are like the former some exceedihg hospitall and courteous some brutish without diuine or humane learning or liuing Great store of Iewes liue here and in Mount Demensera are of those Iewes which are called Carraum of the rest accounted Sectaries These reiect the Traditions and hold them onely to the written Scriptures as in our Iewish relation yee haue read In Mount Gebelel had in are many Heremites which liue on fruits of trees and water so reputed of the simple people that all their doings are accounted miracles Sus is the second Region of this Kingdome lying Southward from hence on the other side of Atlas so called of that Riuer which is the Easterne border thereof otherwhere bounded with the Sea and the Desarts At Messa neere the Sea side is a Temple holden in great veneration Many Historians affirme that from this Temple shall come that iust Califa of whom Mahumet prophecied There also they say the Whale vomited vp Ionas The rafters and beames of the Temple are of Whales bones which vsually are left there dead on the shore This the common people esteeme to proceede from some diuinitie of that Temple but the true cause is certaine sharpe Rocks a little off in the Sea I my selfe was inuited by a Gentleman who shewed me a Whales ribbe so huge that lying on the ground in manner of an arch vnder it as it were thorow a gate we rode on our Camels our heads not reaching to touch it It had beene there kept an hundred yeers for a wonder Amber is there found in abundance which some thinke proceedes from the Whales as either the ordure or the sperme and seede thereof Teijent is a Citie of Sus wherein is a great Temple and an arme of a Riuer passeth thorow the same There are many Iudges and Priests whom in their Ecclesiasticall affaires they obey Tarodant hath three thousand Families sometimes the place where the Kings Lieutenant or Deputie resideth Tedsi is much greater adorned also with a Temple and furnished with Priests and Ministers Iudges and Lecturers payed at the common charge In Mount Hanchisa it snowes in all seasons of the yeere and yet the
friends and the broath eaten and then they hang it by the Fetisso They make solemne oathes and promises on this manner they wipe their faces shoulder brests and all their bodies on the soles of your feet thrice saying Iau Iau Iau stamping kissing the Fetissos on their armes and legs The land is all the Kings and therefore they first till his land and then by composition for themselues They begin on a Tuesday and when the Kings worke is done haue a feast in honour of their Fetisso to prosper their Husbandrie §. V. Obseruations of the Coast and In-land Countries out of BARRERIV'S and LEO and of the cause of the Negros Blacknesse ANno 1604. certaine Iesuites were sent into these parts the chiefe of which was Balthasar Barrerius who conuerted some of those Negro's to the Romish Christian profession One of which was the King at Sierra Liona Christened with the name Philip his Father a man of an hundred and thirtie yeeres about the faine time finishing his life A Letter of this Philip vnto King Philip of Spaine is published by Iarrie in which hee desireth more Priests to bee sent into those parts offers him to build a Castle at the Cape and concludeth with wishing him as many yeeres as the Heauen hath Starres and the Sea Sands The King of Bena gaue great hopes of his Conuersion which were suddenly dashed by meanes of a certaine Mahumetan for so farre hath that Pestilence infected who making a flattering Oration of two houres long inclined the King to his faithlesse Faith This Kings Dominion extendeth nine dayes journey and containeth seuen of their pettie Kingdomes Wee haue before spoken of the Mandingae neere to Gambea These haue of late yeeres embraced Mahomet and by Armes and Merchandize the vsuall meanes sought to propagate it to others beeing excellent Horse-men and couragious vsually placed in the fore-front Their Priests are called Bexerini which write Arabicke Amulets to secure such as weare them in battell These Preach to the people and drawinge forth parchment rolls spread them with great deuotion on the Pulpit and standing a while with eyes fixed to Heauen as it were in Diuine conference presently will them to thanke GOD and his Prophet for the pardon of all their sinnes then reades hee his Scrolls the people tending two houres together without once stirring their bodies or turning away their eyes One of them is chiefe ouer the rest who hath taught the King of Bena a certaine Inchantment or Witchcraft to make the Deuill the instrument of his Reuenge vpon any offender which makes him dreadfull to all Two of the Portugals confessing the experiment thereof vpon themselues The like appeared in a huge Serpent which they call the King of Serpents of most beautifull dolours as bigge as a mans thigh which the King played withall without any harme The Iesuite speakes of one Man which had threescore and twelue Sonnes and fiftie Daughters which multiplied beyond credit All the kindred mourne at the death of the great Men assemble to the corpse and offer of which offerings one third is the Kings the second the nearest kinsmans which is charged with the Funerall the third is put into the Graue together withall that Gold which they haue treasured for this purpose through their whole life hiding it closely from the knowledge of all so that if they die suddenly their Gold is perished with them Yea their Sepulchres the Iesuites report are kept secret and made in the channels of Riuers diuerting the streame till it bee made to preserue these treasures to the vse of the dead At the yeeres end they renue the memorie of the deceased with mourning and festiuall solemnitie the more drunkennesse the greater honour They haue Idols of wood and straw and their Chinas before mentioned made of Poles in forme of a Pyramis within which are many white Pismires that come not forth and it is vncertaine what they eate Before these they will adiure their Seruants to fidelitie wishing that Serpents Lizards or Tygres may teare them if they runne away which they feare with religious awe and dare not flee vpon any hard vsage Euery Kingdome hath a place sacred to the Deuill such an one was the Iland Camasson a league from the shore where all that sayled by offered Rice Oyle or some other thing The King once a yeere sacrificed Goates and Hens which were there kept there being no feare of stealing them where none durst aduenture to set foot on land And now leauing the Coasts of Guinea Benin Melegete and the other Regions of the Negros adjoyning to the Sea we will looke backe againe into the In-land Countries wherof Gualata is an hundred miles distant from the Ocean and hath already beene mentioned The next thereunto in Leos Relations is Gheneoa which is not the same with Guinea before mentioned if Leo had true intelligence but is situate betwixt Gualata Tombuto and Melli and in one place bordereth on the Ocean where Niger falleth into the Sea They had great Traffique with the Merchants of Barbarie They haue Gold vncoyned and vse also Iron money There is neither Towne nor Castle but one where the Prince with Priests Doctors and Merchants reside Those Priests and Doctors goe apparelled in white the rest in blacke or blue Cotton In Iuly August and September Niger ouer-floweth it Izchia the King of Tombuto conquered it and kept the King prisone rat Gago till his death Melli is the head Citie of a Kingdome which hence taketh name and hath in it great store of Temples Priests and Readers or Professours which reade in the Temples because they haue no Colledges They are more ingenious then other Negros and were the first that embraced the Mahumetan Law Izchia also subdued them Tombuto was founded in the yeere of the Hegeira 610. And it is situate within twelue miles of a branch of Niger There are many Wells to receiue the ouerflowing waters of that Riuer Salt is brought them fiue hundred miles from Tagazza and is very deare I at my being there saith Leo saw a Camels burthen sold for fourescore Duckats The King had many Plates and Scepters of Gold some whereof weighed thirteene hundred pounds They which speake to him cast Sand ouer their heads as Cadamosto obserued at Budomel The King would admit no Iewes into his Citie and hateth them so extreamely that hee would confiscate the goods of such Merchants as held Traffique with them Hee greatly honoured men of Learning and no Merchandize yeelded more gaine then Bookes There were many Iudges Doctors and Priests to whom hee allowed their stipends The people vsed much Dauncing in the streets from tenne to one of clocke at night They mingle Fish Milke Butter and Flesh together in their Gallimaufrey kinde of dyet neither toothsome nor holsome Hamet King of Marocco conquered the same Kingdome 1589. and also Gago and other Countries of the Negros extending his Empire sixe moneths journey from Marocco by
because the Turkish Empire was so full of seditions and the Sophi had sent his Embassadour to them to chuse a fit warrior that they might with ioynt forces assault the Ottoman §. IIII. Of their Schooles and Cities THere are in all the Cities of Aethiopia two Schooles or Colledges for the instruction of youth one for the male sexe the other for the female each diuided into three parts the first for the Gentlemens children the second for Citizens the third for the baser vulgar with their seuerall instructers and without communion medling or conuersing of the one with the other the Seminarie or Colledge of Boyes is a quarter of a league without the City the other within There are they taught Letters and Religion All euen the Kings themselues are bound to send their children thither to be instructed and the Priests resort thither for Confession and ministring the Sacrament to them They may resort home at Festiuall times otherwise they are there detained The Virgins from ten to twenty the other from ten to sixteene yeeres of their age They haue not only this order in their wel ordered Schooles but in their disordered misorderly Stews the deuils work-houses and suburbs of Hell which yet in Rome and places of that Religion are permitted and admitted the Cities and his Holinesse selfe is not a little enriched with that which God prohibited The price of the Dogge and of the Whore The Ethiopians permit not any to bee strange women but strangers of other Countreys which may not enter into their Cities nor may the Nobles enter into the common houses which belong to the Citizens or these to those of the Plebians nor any but to those peculiarly designed their state vnder paine of death as adulterers to bee cast to Lyons These women are hired by certaine Officers at a common price and are not to take any thing of particular men they goe in pale-coloured garments and if they distaste and forsake that beastly trade they send them to some places subiect vnto the Portugals not admitting them to conuerse with their women for feare of infection But to leaue these Beasts the Ethiopians giue great respect to their Physicians which are onely of their Gentry and that not all that will but onely such as certaine Officers shall chuse of euery Citie to be sent to their generall Vniuersities of which there are seuen in Ethiopia there to be taught naturall Philosophy Logicke and other Arts they know not together with Physicke and the Arts of the Apothecarie and Chirurgian They are there maintained at the publike charge of the Cities that send them When the Doctors and Instructers see them fit for Graduates they go with them to the Monks of Alleluya and of Plurimanos who with a Monkes Cowle or Hood and other Doctoricall Ensignes doe inuest and inaugurate them in that Degree They are great Herbarists They make Mummia otherwise then in other parts where it is either made of bodies buried in the Sands or taken out of ancient Sepulchres where they had been laid being inbalmed with Spices For they take a captiue Moore of the best complexion and after long dieting and medicining of him cut off his head in his sleepe and gashing his body full of wounds and therein all the best Spices and then wrap him vp in Hay being before couered with a Seare-cloth after which they burie him in a moist place couering the body with earth Fiue dayes being passed they take him vp againe and remouing the Seare-cloth and Hay hang him vp in the Sunne whereby the body resolueth and droppeth a substance like pure Balme which liquor is of great price The fragrant sent is such while it hangeth in the Sunne that it may be smelt he saith a league off The priuiledges of Physicians are that they are freed from the common custome of giuing one in three of their sonnes for the Emperors warres that they may ride on Elephants in the Cities which is allowed onely to the Emperors Prelates and Priests that are Virgins They may also weare Miniuer-hoods and are free from Subsidies and Paiments Theologie and the Chaldee tongue is taught onely among their Priests and Ecclesiasticall persons in their Churches and Monasteries They reade Diuinitie in their natiue tongue the Text is the foure first generall Councels the Scripture they reade in Chaldee which is with them as Latine with vs They handle not questions as the Schoolemen in Logicall disputations and Arguings but copiously and eloquently interpret the Scriptures Because we haue mentioned their Cities Saba and Zambra let vs take some briefe view of them and so leaue this Spaniard whose Discourse hath I hope not without some delight thus long holden you Besides these two Cities none haue aboue three thousand houses in them But these are populous and magnificent with Towers Temples triumphant Arches Obeliskes Piramides and the like tokens of industry Antiquitie and Maiestie Saba was founded by that Queene which visited Salomon and was the mother-Citie of the Empire It hath fiue thousand houses great and sumptuous the streets spacious with Portals or Pent-houses that men may walke safe from the Sunnes violence It hath foure chiefe Gates all of Alabaster and Iasper wrought with Antique-workes the Gate-doores of Cedar curiously carued The wayes that leade to these Gates for the space of two leagues are set with Palmes Planes Oranges Cedars Cypresses and other trees on both sides for shade fruit the foure high streets goe thorow the Citie acrosse and where they meet is an Arch or Vault erected on high Pillars fairely wrought and gilded with the brazen Image of S. Matthew their supposed Patron as bigge as a Giant gilded also the worke of Architects sent by Francis Duke of Florence Neere to this Citie are Mines of Gold Gardens and other places of pleasure and profit Zambra is greater containing thirty thousand houses and innumerable concourse of people It stands in the Kingdome of Cafates and nigh that great Lake which hereof is called Zambra where the Emperor leauing his wonted maner of remouing vp downe in Tents haue fixed his Court-royall and yet without the Citie are many Tents that belong to the Court Here the Prete liueth with two and forty sons of Kings with his great Councell and the Latine Alexander the third built the Palace here 1570. by the Duke of Florence his workmen If I should follow the Frier further I could leade you on in a delectable way but doubtfull like the Poets writings and bring you into Elisian but fabulous fields fertile in al things but truth wherein let the Reader pardon that I haue already been so long rather then tedious in this Vtopian Aethiopia at the first much suspected by me as by many passages in the Story is expressed but since largely written against by Godignus a Iesuit and by latter Relations found eyther vncertaine or false whose paines shall helpe make vp another Chapter and then will we proceed in our
which some exorbitant members burthen themselues and make others by lighting heauy worthily therefore by the Sun of our Great Britaine at the first rising of his morning brightnesse dispersed from our Horizon But how farre is Loanda from Britaine And yet our scope is to bring Loanda and all the World else into our Britaine that our Britaines might see the in and outside of the same Loando is reported as some affirme of Egypt and Nilus to bee the issue of the Oceans sand and Coanzo's mire which in processe of time brought forth in their disagreeing agreement this Iland In Congo the King is Lord Supreme and none hath power to bequeath his goods to his kindred but the King is heire generall to all men CHAP. X. Of Loango the Anzichi Giachi and the great Lakes in those parts of the World §. I. Of Loango IT followeth in the course of our Discouerie to set you on shore in Loango the Northerly neighbour of Congo right vnder the Line whose Countrie stretched two hundred miles within Land The people are called Bramas the King Mani Loango sometimes as report goeth subiect to the King of Congo They are Circumcised after the maner of the Hebrews like as also the rest of the Nations of those Countries vse to be They haue aboundance of Elephants and weare cloathes of Palme Andrew Battell liued amongst them two yeares and a halfe They are saith he Heathens and obserue many Superstitions They haue their Mokisso's or Images to which they offer according to the proportion of their sorts and suits The Fisher offereth fish when he sueth for his helpe in his fishing the Countrey-man Wheat the Weauer Alibungo's pieces of cloth other bring bottles of wine all wanting that they would haue and bringing what they want furnishing their Mokisso with those things whereof they complaine themselues to be dis-furnished Their Ceremonies for the dead are diuers They bring Goats and let them bleed at the Mokisso's foot which they after consume in a Feasting memoriall of the deceased party which is continued foure or fiue dayes together and that foure or fiue seuerall times in the yeere by all of his friends and kindred The dayes are knowne and though they dwell twenty miles th ende yet they will resort to these memoriall-Exequies and beginning in the night will sing dolefull and funerall songs till day and then kill as aforesaid and make merry The hope of this maketh such as haue store of friends to contemne death and the want of friends to bewayle him makes a man conceiue a more dreadfull apprehension of Death Their conceit is so rauished with superstition that many dye of none other death Kin is the name of vnlawfull and prohibited meat which according to each kindreds deuotion to some Family is some kinde of Fish to another a Hen to another a Buffe and so of the rest in which they obserue their vowed abstinence so strictly that if any should though at vnawares eate of this Kin he would dye of conceit alway presenting to his accusing conscience the breach of his vow and the anger of Mokisso Hee hath knowne diuers thus to haue died and sometimes would when some of them had eaten with him make them beleeue that they had eaten of their Kin till hauing sported himselfe with their superstitious agony he would affirme the contrary They vse to set in their Fields and places where Corne or Fruits grow a Basket with Goats-hornes Parrats feathers and other trash This is the Mokisso's Ensigne or token that it is commended to his custodie and therefore the people very much addicted to theft dare not meddle or take any thing Likewise if a man wearied with his burthen lay it downe in the high-way and knit a knot of grasse and lay thereon or leaue any other note knowne to them to testifie that hee hath left it there in the name of his Idol it is secured from the lime-fingers of any passenger Conceit would kill the man that should transgresse in this kinde In the Banza or chiefe Citie the chiefe Idol is named Chekoke Euery day they haue there Market and the Chekoke is brought forth by the Ganga or Priest to keep good rule and is set in the Market-place to preuent stealing Moreouer the King hath a Bell the strokes whereof sound such terrour into the heart of the fearfull thiefe that none dare keepe any stolne goods after the sound of that Bell. Our Author inhabited in a little Reed-house after the Loango manner and had hanging by the wals in a Cloth-case his Piece wherewith hee vsed to shoot Fowles for the King which more for loue of the Cloth then for the Peece was stolne Vpon complaint this Bell in forme like a Cowbell was carried about rung with proclamation to make restitution and he had his Peece the next morning set at his doore The like another found in a bagge of Beads of a hundred pound weight stolne from him and recouered by the sound of this Bell. They haue a dreadfull and deadly kind of tryall in Controuersies after this manner There is a little Tree or Shrub with a small Root is called Imbunda about the bignesse of ones thumbe halfe a foot long like a white Carrot Now when any listeth to accuse a Man or Family or whole Street of the death of any of his friends saying That such a man bewitched him the Ganga assembleth the accused parties and scrapes that Root the scrapings wherof he mixeth with water which makes it as bitter as gall hee tasted of it one Root will serue for the tryall of a hundred men The Ganga brewes the same together in Gourds and with Plantine stalkes hitteth euery one after they had drunke with certaine words Those that haue receiued the drinke walke by till they can make Vrine and then they are thereby freed Others abide till either Vrine trees them or dizzinesse takes them which the people no sooner perceiue but they cry Vndoke Vndoke that is naughty Witch and hee is no sooner fallen by his dizzinesse but they knocke him on the head and dragging him away hurle him ouer the Cliffe In euery Liberty they haue such Tryals which they make in cases of Theft and death of any person Euery weeke it fals out that some or other vndergoes this tryall which consumeth multitudes of people There be certaine persons called Dunda which are borne of Negro-Parents and yet are by some vnknowne cause white They are very rare and when such happen to be born they are brought to the King and become great Witches They are his Councellors and aduise him of lucky and vnlucky dayes for execution of his enterprises When the King goes any whither the Dundas goe with him and beat the ground round about with certaine Exorcismes before the King sits downe and then sit downe by him They will take any thing in the Market not daring to contradict them Kenga is the landing place of Loango They haue
him more if he were the meeke and gentle God behold Frankinsence and Feathers if he were a mortall man take heere Fowle Bread and Cherries At last they made peace with him and submitted their Citie to him Their Citie Tlaxcallan was great planted by a Riuers side which issued into the South-Sea It had foure streets each ot which had their Captain in the time of Warre The gouernment was an Aristocratie hating Monarchy no lesse then tyranny It had eight and twenty Villages and in them an hundred and fifty thousand housholds very poore but good warriours They had one market-place so spacious that thirty thousand persons in a day came thither to buy and sell by exchange for money they had none Mutezuma had sent before to Cortes and promised tribute to the Emperour whatsoeuer should be imposed onely he would not haue him come to Mexico And now he sent againe that he should not trust that new friendship with the beggerly Nation of Tlaxcallan and they againe counselled him not to aduenture himselfe to Mutezuma Cortes held his determination for Mexico and being accompanied with many of the Tlaxcantlexas he went to Chololla a little from whence Mutezuma had prepared an Army to intrap him in the way but he finding the treacherie it redounded vpon the Cholollois the same day they had thought to haue executed the same vpon him For this end they had sacrificed ten children fiue males and as many females three yeares old to Quezalcouatl their god which was their custome when they began their Warres He out-going them in their owne art of subtiltie intrapped their Captaines in Councell and sent his Armie to spoile the Citie where were slaine thousands There were twenty Gentlemen and many Priests which ascended vp to the high Towre of their Temple which had an hundred and twenty steps where they were burned together with their gods and Sanctuary This City had 20000. Housholds within the Wals as many in the Suburbs It shewed outward very faire and full of Towres for there were as many Temples as dayes in the yeere and euery one had his Towre The Spaniards counted 400. Towres It was the Citie of most deuotion in all India whither they trauelled from many places far distant in Pilgrimage Their Cathedrall Temple was the best and highest in all New-Spain with 120. steps vp to it Their chiefe god was Quezalcouatl god of the Aire who was they say founder of their City being a Virgin of holy life and great penance He instituted fasting and drawing of bloud out of their eares and tongues and left precepts of Sacrifices Hee neuer ware but one garment of Cotton white narrow and long and vpon that a Mantle beset with certain red crosses They haue certaine greene stones which were his and are kept for great relikes one of them is like an Apes head Eight leagues from Chololla is the hill Popocatepec or smoke-hill which the earth seemeth to haue erected as a Fort to encounter and assault the Aire now with smoky mists endeuouring to choake his purer breath another while with violent flames and naturall fire-works threatning to ioyne league with his elder and superiour brother to disinherit him sometimes with showres of Ashes and embers as it were putting out the eyes and sometimes with terrible and dreadfull thunders rending the eares of that Airie Element alwayes such is the euent of warre hurting and wasting it selfe to indamage the enemy The Indians thought it a place of Purgatory whereby tyrannicall and wicked Officers were punished after their death and after that purgation passed into glory The Spaniards aduentured to see it but two onely held on their journey and had there been consumed had they not by a Rock bin shadowed frō the violent eruption of the fire which then hapned It chanced that the Earth weary it seemeth of the Warre as hauing spent her store and munition agreed on a truce which continued ten yeares but in the yeere 1540. it brake forth into more violent hostilitie then before quaking and renting it selfe with vnbridled passion and whereas the Aire had alwayes a snowy Garrison about her high tops and frontiers to coole and quench her fiery showres yet these did but kindle a greater flame the ashes whereof came to Huexozinco Quelaxcopon Tepiacac Chololla and Tlazcallan and other places ten or as some say fifteene leagues distant and burned their herbs in their Gardens their fields of corne trees and cloathes that they laid a drying The Vulcan Crater or mouth whence the fire issued is about halfe a league in compasse The Indians kissed their garments an honour done vnto their gods which had aduentured themselues to this dreadfull spectacle Cortes drawing neere to Mexico Mutezuma feared saying These are the people which our gods said should come and inherit this Land Hee went to his Oratory and there shut vp himselfe alone abiding eight dayes in prayer and fasting with Sacrifice of many men to aslake the fury of his offended deities The Diuell bids him not to feare and that hee should continue those bloudy Rites assuring him that hee should haue the gods Vitziliputzli and Tescatlipuca to preserue him saying That Quezalcouatl permitted the destruction at Chololla for want of that bloudie sacrifice Cortes passed a Hill six miles in height where by the difficultie of the passage and of the cold being alway couered with snow the Mexicans might easily haue preuented his passing further Hence hee espyed the Lake whereon Mexico and many other great Townes did stand Iztacpallapan a Towne of 10000 housholds Coyocan of sixe thousand Vizilopuchtli of fiue thousand These townes are adorned with many Temples and Towers that beautifie the Lake From Iztacpalapan to Mexico is two Leagues all on a faire causay with many Draw-bridges thorow which the water passeth Mutezuma receiued Cortes with all solemnitie on the eight of Nouember 1519. into this great Citie excusing himselfe of former vnkindnesses the best hee could Of his house and Majestie and the diuine conceit the people had of him we shall speake after more fully as also of the Temples Priests Sacrifices and other remarkable things of Mexico Mutezuma prouided all things necessarie for the Spaniards and Indians that attended them euen beds of flowres were made in place of litter for their Horses But Cortes disquieted with those thoughts which commonly attend Ambition discontent in the present hopes and feares of the future vsed the matter so that he tooke Mutezuma prisoner and detained him in the place appointed for the Spaniards lodging with a Spanish guard about him permitting him otherwise to deale in all priuate or publike affaires as before Hereupon Cacarna Lord of Tezcuco Nephew to Mutezuma rebelled but by treachery of his owne people was presented prisoner to Mutezuma He after this summoned a Parliament where he made an Oration vnto his Subiects saying That He and his Predecessors were not Naturals of the Countrey but his Fore-fathers came from
a farre Countrey and their King returned againe and said he would send such as should rule them And he hath now sent these Spaniards saith he Hereupon he counselled them to yeeld themselues Vassals to the Emperour which they did at his command though with many teares on his part and theirs at this farewell of their libertie Mutezuma presently gaue to Cortes in the name of tribute a great quantitie of Gold and other Iewels which amounted to sixteene hundred thousand Castlins of Gold besides Siluer §. III. The conquest of Mexico CORTES had hitherto a continuall victory in Mexico without any fight but newes was brought him of Pamphilo de Naruaes who was sent yywith eighty horse and some hundreths of Spaniards by Velasques to interrupt the proceedings of Cortes who leauing two hundred men in Mexico with 250. other came suddenly in the night and took Neruaes prisoner and returned to Mexico with Naruaes his company now his followers also where he found his men exceedingly distressed by the Citizens for a murther committed in the great Temple at a solemn Feast where in a religious dance they were slaine for the rich garments and Iewels they ware by the Spaniards Cortes came in good time for the reliefe of his men and Mutezuma caused the Mexicans to bridle their rage which presently was renued and when Mutezuma was againe by his Guardians the Spaniards caused to speake to the people a blow of a stone on his temple wounded him whereof three dayes after he died Cortes had some thousands of the Tlaxoltecas to help him but was driuen to fly from Mexico with all his Spaniards and Indians which he did closely in the night but yet an all-arme was raised and the bridges being broken much slaughter of his people was made by the Mexicans and all his treasure in manner lost They pursued after him also and had two hundred thousand in the field when it was Cortes his good hap to slay the Standard-bearer whereupon the Indians forsooke the field This battell was fought at Otumpan At Tlazcallan he and his were kindly entertained they had prepared before 50000. men to goe to Mexico for his helpe and now they promised him all offices of loyaltie and seruice With their helpe he subdued Tepeacac and built certaine Brigandines and Frigats which were carried many leagues on the backs of those Indians and there fastned and finished without which he could neuer haue wonne Mexico In Tezcuco certaine Spaniards had been taken sacrificed and eaten which Cortes now reuenged on them Eight thousand men had carried the loose pieces and Timber of this Nauie guarded with twenty thousand Tlaxcalans and a thousand Tamemez or Porters which carried victuals attending They calked them with Towe and for want of Tallow and Oyle they vsed Mans Grease of such as had been slaine in the Warres For so the Indians vsed to take out the Grease of their Sacrifices Cortes had here nine hundred Spaniards of which fourescore and sixe were horsemen three cast Pieces of iron fifteene small Peeces of Brasse and a thousand weight of Powder and 100000 Indian Souldiers on his side Hee made a fluce or trench aboue twelue foot broad and two fathome deepe halfe a league long in which forty thousand men wrought fifty dayes He lanched his Vessels and soone ouercame all the Canoas of the Lake or which were reckoned in all fiue thousand The Spaniards brake the Conduits of sweet water wherewith the Citie was wont to be serued Quabutimoc now the new King of Mexico receiuing incouragement from the diuellish Oracle caused to breake downe the Bridges and to exercise whatsoeuer wit or strength could doe in defence of his City somtimes conquering sometimes as is the doubtfull chance of warre conquered Cortes had in Tezcuco ordained a new King a Christian Indian of the royall bloud who much assisted him in this siege The Spaniards being Lords of the Lake and of the Causeys by helpe of their Galliots and Ordnance they fiered a great part of the Citie One day the Mexicans had gotten some aduantage and thereupon celebrated a Feast of Victory The Priests went vp into the Towers of Tlalelulco their chiefe Temple and made there perfumes of sweet Gummes in token of victory and sacrificed forty Spaniards which they had taken captiues opening their breasts and plucking out their hearts sprinkling their bloud in the Aire their fellowes looking on and not able to reuenge it They slew likewise many Indians and foure Spaniards of Aluarado's company whom they are in the open sight of the Armie The Mexicans danced dranke themselues drunke made bonefires strucke vp their Drummes and made all solemne expressings of ioy Dread Disdaine and all the Furies that Passion or Compassion could coniure vp had now filled the Spaniards hearts and their Indian partakers and Cortes that hitherto had hoped to reserue some part of the Citie now did the vtmost that Rage and Reuenge could effect helped no lesse within with Famine and Pestilence then with Sword and Fire without At last Mexico is razed the Earth and Water sharing betwixt them what Fire had left and all which had sometime challenged a lofty inheritance in the Ayre Their King also was taken all that mighty State subuerted And as the Mexicans before had prophecied That the Tlaxantleca's should againe build the Citie if conquered for them if conquerors for the Spaniards It was re-builded with a hundred thousand houses fairer and stronger then before The siege lasted three moneths and had therein two hundred thousand Indians nine hundred Spaniards fourescore Horses seuenteene Peeces of Ordinance thirteene Galliots and sixe thousand Canoas Fifty Spaniards were slaine and sixe Horses Of the Mexicans a hundred thousand besides those which died of hunger and Pestilence This was effected Anno 1521. on the thirteenth day of August which for that cause is kept festiuall euery yeere For the Description of the Country wherein Mexico is situate Cortes in his second Narration to the Emperour saith it is enuironed with hils He telleth of some hils also in his iourney wherein diuers of his people died with cold in the middest is a plaine of 70. leagues compasse and therein two lakes which extend the circuit of fifty leagues the one salt which ebbeth and floweth an argument for Patritius his opinion that saltnesse is a chiefe cause of that vicissitude of ebbing and flowing in the Ocean the other fresh When the Water of the salt Lake increaseth it runneth like a violent streame into the fresh Lake which when it increaseth is repaired againe by the like issue of this into the former Nunno di Gusman hath written his expedition into Mechoacan and other Countries of New-Spaine 1530. subduing and taking possession for the Emperour Hee found some of them Sodomites others Sacrificers of mens flesh and some closely practising this butcherie after they had professed themselues Christians none of them which durst looke a Horse in the face but were afraid that that Beast
yong man who also with perill of his life vndertooke an Embassage to Azcapuzalco and there defied the King anointing him with the ointment of the dead after their manner The Commons of Mexico were herewith offended and to pacifie them the King indented with them that if he lost the Field they should eate him and his Nobles they on the other side promising if he did ouercome to become his Tributaries for before they enioyed much freedome and to labour in his Fields and Houses and to become his seruants in Warre Peace In fine such was the valour of Tlacaellec the Generall that the enemies were ouerthrowne their Citie sacked and the remainder of them made tributarie the lands and goods of the conquered being diuided among the Conquerors and some reserued to each quarter of Mexico for the vse of their Sacrifices Cuyacan had the next place in the Mexican Conquests who hauing inuited the Mexicans to a banquet in the end thereof sent for the last seruice Womens habits which they forced them to put on but Izcoalt and Tlacaellec made them know by their ruine the Manhood of the Mexicans They subdued also the Suchimilchos and Cuitlauaca a Citie in the Lake Tescucoy yeelded it selfe Izcoalt after twelue yeeres died and Motecuma the first was chosen in his stead Presently after his Election they conducted him to the Temple with a great traine where before the Diuine Harth so called in regard of the continuall fire there kept they enthronized him The King there drew bloud from his eares and legs with a Griffons tallons as a Sacrifice and was congratulated with many Orations of the Priests Ancients and Captaines And whereas before they had accustomed in their Elections to make great Feasts and Dances and wasted many Lights He brought in the custome personally to make Warre in some Prouince thence to procure Sacrifices to feast their Gods and Men. This he performed at Chalco from whence he brought many Captiues which on the day of his Coronation were sacrificed and eaten At this Feast all his Tributes were brought in with great solemnitie each Prouince marching by it selfe besides innumerable Presents All Commers were bountifully entertained and the poore were clad with new garments giuen them by the King The Chalcas had taken a brother of Motezuma and would haue made him their King but he enioyning them to make a high Scaffold ascended thereon and telling them the Gods would not permit that to be a King he should be a Traytor vnto his Country cast downe himselfe whose death Motezuma reuenged with the ruine of that whole Nation conquering further vnto the North and South Seas by the counsell and courage of Tlacaelles This King instituted new Ceremonies and encreased the number of the Priests hee built the great Temple of Vitzliputzli and sacrificed great numbers of men at the Dedication Hauing raigned eight and twentie yeeres he died Tlacaellec was chosen his Successor by the foure Deputies and the two Lords of Tescuco and Tacuba these were the Electors but refused the Empire as being fitter for the common good as an instrument to another then if himselfe weylded the Scepter At his nomination they chose Ticocic sonne of the late King and piercing his nostrils for an ornament put an Emerald therein He in seeking Captiues for the solemnitie of his Coronation lost more of his owne people and after foure yeeres was poisoned by his male-content Subiects Axayaca his brother succeeded altogether of another spirit In his time died Tlacaellec chiefe Author of the Mexican greatnesse whom before in his age they vsed to carry in his Chaire on mens shoulders to Councell Hee was buried more solemnely then any of the Kings and his Sonne was made Generall for the warres Axayaca conquered Tequantepec two hundred leagues from Mexico thence to furnish the bloudie solemnities of his Coronation Hee added to his Conquests Guatulco on the South Sea in single combate ouer came the Lord of Tlatelulco and subdued those Mexican-enemies of the Mexicans setting fire on their Citie and Temple After eleuen yeeres hee died and Antzol the eight King was chosen Hee punished the pride of Quazulatlan a rich Prouince with those Captiues to celebrate his Coronation-Feast and extended his Dominion to Guatimala three hundred leagues from Mexico Hee much adorned his Royall Citie pulling downe the old houses and in their roome erected fairer Hee let in a course of water to the Citie because that of the Lake was muddie But because they of Guyoacan vsed these waters the chiefe man of that Citie which was a great Magician sought to hinder it whereby the King being prouoked sent to attach him Hee escaped by his Protean Arts now appearing like an Eagle the second time like a Tygre the third like a Serpent But at last hee was taken and strangled and the Mexicans forced a Channell whereby the water might passe to their Citie the Priests meane-while casting Incense on the bankes sacrificing the bloud of Quailes others winding their Cornets and one of the chiefe went attired in a habit like to the Goddesse of the Waters which was saluted and welcommed by all the people All which things are painted in the Annales of Mexico which Booke is now in the Vatican Librarie at Rome Thus he enuironed the Citie with water like another Venice and hauing raigned eleuen yeeres dyed §. II. Of MOTEZVMA and other Rarities of the Mexican Storie MOtezuma the second was chosen who before his Souereigntie was of graue and stayed disposition much addicted to his deuotions Hee retired himselfe into a Chappell appointed for him in the Temple of Vitzliputzli where they say the Idoll spake to him wherein also he hid himselfe after hee had intelligence of this Election From whence he was led to the Harth of their Gods where hee sacrificed with drawing bloud from his eares and the calues of his legges They attired him with the Royall Ornaments and piercing his nostrils hung thereat a rich Emerald Being seated in his Throne the King of Tescuco one of the Electors made an Eloquent Oration which Ioseph Acosta hath set downe word by word and deserueth a roome here if our hastie Pilgrimage would suffer This Motezuma commanded that no Plebeian should serue him in any Office in his house prouiding Knights and Nobles for that purpose His Coronation was solemnized with Dances Comedies Banquets Lights and other pompe the sacrificed Captiues were of a farre Prouince toward the North Sea which he subdued Mechouacan Tlascalla and Tapeaca neuer yeelded to the Mexicans which Motezuma told Cortes that hee spared for the vse of his sacrifices and the exercise of his Souldiers He laboured to be respected and worshipped as a God It was death for any Plebeian to looke him in the face Hee neuer set his foot on the Ground but was alwaies carried on the shoulders of Noble-men and if he lighted they laid rich Tapestrie whereon he did goe He neuer put on one Garment twice
others and euery one of a seuerall God There was one round Temple dedicated to the God of the Aire called Quecalcouatl the forme of the Temple representing the Aires circular course about the earth The entrance of that Temple had a doore made like the mouth of a Serpent with foule and deuillish resemblances striking dreadfull horrour to such as entered All these Temples had peculiar houses Priests Gods and Seruices At euery doore of the great Temple was a large Hall and goodly buildings which were common Armories for the Citie They had other darke houses full of Idols of diuers metals all embrued with bloud the dayly sprinkling whereof made them shew blacke yea the walls were an inch thicke and the ground a foot thicke with bloud which yeelded a lothsome sent The Priests entered dayly therein which they allowed not to others except to Noble personages who at their entry were bound to offer some Man to be sacrificed to those slaughter-houses of the Diuell There did continually reside in the great Temple 5000. persons which had there their meat drinke and lodging the Temple enioying great reuenues and diuers Townes for the maintenance thereof Next to the Temple of Vitziliputzli was that of Tescalipuca the God of Penance Punishments and Prouidence very high and well built It had foure ascents the top was flat an hundred and twenty foot broad and ioyning to it was a Hall hanged with Tapistry and Curtains of diuers colours and workes The doore being low and large was alwayes couered with a Vaile and none but the Priests might enter All this Temple was beautified with diuers Images and Pictures most curiously for that these two Temples were as the Cathedrall Churches the rest as Parishionall They were so spacious and had so many chambers that there were in them places for the Priests Colledges and Schooles Without the great Temple and ouer against the principall doore a stones cast distant was the Charnell house or that Golgotha before mentioned where vpon poles or sticks and also in the wals two Towres hauing no other stuffe but Lime and Skuls Andrew de Tapia certified Gomara that he and Gonsala de Vmbria did reckon in one day an hundred thirty sixe thousand skuls When any wastad supply was made of others in their roome §. II. Of their Nunnes Friers and other Votaries WIthin this great Circuit of the principall Temple were two Houses like Cloisters the one opposite to the other one of Men the other of Women In that of Women they were Virgins onely of twelue or thirteens yeeres of age which they called the Maids of Penance they were as many as the men and liued chastly and regularly as Virgins dedicated to the seruice of their God Their charge was to sweepe and make cleane the Temple and euery morning to prepare meat for the Idol and his Ministers of the Almes the Religious gathered The food they prepared for the Idoll were small Loaues in the forme of hands and feet as of Marchpane and with this bread they prepared certaine sawces which they cast dayly before the Idol and his Priests did eate it These Virgins had their haire cut and then let them grow for a certaine time they rose at midnight to the Idols Mattins which they dayly celebrated performing the same exercises which the Religious did They had their Abbesse who employed them to make cloth of diuers fashions for the ornaments of their Gods and Temples Their ordinarie habite was all white without any worke or colour They did their penance at midnight sacrificing and wounding themselues and piercing the tops of their eares laying the bloud which issued forth vpon their cheekes and after bathed themselues in a poole which was within the Monasterie If any were found dishonest they were put to death without remission saying she had polluted the house of their God They held it for an ominous token that some religious man or woman had committed a fault when they saw a Rat or Mouse passe or a Bat in the Idol-Chappell or that they had gnawed any of the vailes for that they say a Cat or a Bat would not aduenture to commit such an indignitie if some offence had not gone before and then began to make inquisition and discouering the offender put him to death None were receiued into this Monasterie but the daughters of one of the sixe quarters named for that purpose and this profession continued a yeere during which time their fathers and themselues had made a vow to serue the Idoll in this manner and from thence they went to be married The other Cloyster or Monasterie was of young-men of eighteene or twentie yeeres of age which they called Religious Their Crownes were shauen as the Friers in these parts their haire a little longer which fell to the middest of their eare except on the hinder part of the head where they let it grow on their shoulders and tyed it vp in trusses These serued in the Temple liued poorely and chastly and as the Leuites ministred to the Priests Incense Lights and Garments swept and made cleane the Holy place bringing wood for a continuall fire to the Harth of their God which was like a Lampe that still burned before the Altar of their Idoll Besides these there were other little Boyes that serued for manuall vses as to decke the Temple with Boughes Roses and Reeds to giue the Priests water to wash Rasors to sacrifice and to goe with such as begged almes to carrie it All these had their superiours who had the gouernment ouer them and when they came in publike where women were they carried their eyes to the ground not daring to behold them They had linnen garments and went into the Citie foure or sixe together to aske almes in all quarters and if they got none it was lawfull for them to goe into the Corne-fields and gather that which they needed none daring to contradict them Cortes writeth that almost all the chiefe mens sonnes in the Citie after they were sixe or seuen yeeres old till the time of their marriage especially the eldest were thrust into a kind of Religious habit and seruice There might not aboue fiftie liue in that strict penance they rose at midnight and sounded the Trumpets to awake the people Euery one watched by turne lest the fire before the Altar should die they gaue the censor with which the Priest at midnight incensed the Idoll and also in the morning at noone and at night They were very subiect and obedient to their superiours and passed not any one point commanded And at midnight after the Priest had ended his censing they retyred themselues apart into a secret place where they sacrificed and drew bloud from the Calues of their legs with sharp bodkins therewith rubbing their Temples and vnder their Eares presently washing themselues in a Poole appointed to that end These yong men did not anoint their heads and bodies with Petum
as the Priests did This austeritie continued a yeere The Priests likewise rose at midnight and retired themselues into a large place where were many lights and there drew bloud as the former from their legs then did they set these Bodkins vpon the battlements of the Court stickt in straw that the people might see Neither might they vse one Bodkin in twice The Priests also vsed great fasts of fiue or ten dayes together before their great feasts Some of them to preserue their chastitie slit their members in the midst and did a hundred things to make themselues impotent lest they should offend their gods They drunke no Wine and slept little for that the greatest part of their exercises were by night They did vse also that the selfe-tyrannizing Catholike should not out-vie Merits to Discipline themselues with cords full of knots wherein the people likewise came not behinde in cruell Processions especially on the Feast of Tezcalipuca lashing themselues with knotted Manguey-cords ouer the shoulders The Priest fasted fiue dayes before that Feast eating but once a day and abstaining from their Wiues the whips supplying those delicacies Gomara speaketh of others besides those yong ones before mentioned which liued in those Cloysters some being sicke for their recouery some in extreme pouerty to finde reliefe some for riches for long life for good husbands for many children and some for vertue euery one abode there as long as they had vowed and after vsed their libertie Their offices were to spin Cotton Wooll and feathers and to weaue cloth for their gods and themselues to sweepe all thy holy roomes they might goe on Procession with the Priests but not sing nor goe vp the staires of the Temple their food was boiled flesh and hot bread receiued of almes the smoke whereof was offered vnto their gods They late and lay all together but lay in their cloathes The multitude of Idols and Idol-Temples in New Spaine was such that a Bishop of Mexico in his Letters 1532. saith that the Friers had defaced twenty thousand of the one and desolated fiue hundred of the other and where in Mexico they had vsed yeerely to offer more then twenty thousand Harts of Boyes and Girles to their Idols they now saith he offer them by good instruction to God God grant it §. III. Of their Priests and the many Rites belonging to their function TOuching their Priests in Mexico there were some high Priests or Popes euen vnder the same name called by the Mexicans Papas as they should say Soueraigne Bishops others as before you haue heard were of inferiour ranke The Priests of Vitziliputzli succeeded by linages of certaine quarters of the Citie deputed for that purpose and those of other Idols came by election or by being offered to the Temple in their Infancie They daily exercise of the Priests was to cast Incense on the Idols which was done foure times in the space of a naturall day at breake of day at noone at Sun-set at midnight At midnight all the chiefe officers of the Temple did rise and in stead of Bels they did sound a long time vpon Trumpets Cornets and Flutes very heauily which being ended he that did the Office that weeke stept forth attired in a white robe with a Censor in in his hand full of Coles which he tooke from the harth burning continually before the Altar in the other hand he had a purse full of incense which he cast into the Censor and entring the place where the Idol was he incensed it with great reuerence then tooke he a cloth with the which he wiped the Altar and the Curtains This done they went all into a Chappell and there did beat themselues and draw bloud with Bodkins as is said this was alwayes done at midnight None other but the Priests might intermeddle with their Sacrifices and euery one did employ himselfe according to his dignity and degree They did likewise preach to the people at some Feasts They had reuenues and great offerings They had conuenient houses for their habitation They ware blacke garments and cut not nor combed their haire in the time of their ministration The Mexican Priests were thus anointed they anointed the body from the foot to the head and all the haire likewise which hung like tresses or a Horse-maine for that they applyed this vnction wet and moist Their haire grew so that in time it hung downe to their hams insomuch that the weight made it burthensome for they neuer cut it vntill they dyed or were dispensed with for their great age or were employed in gouernments or some honourable charge in the Common-wealth They carried their haire in tresses of sixe fingers breadth which they dyed blacke with the fume of Sapine Firre or Rosine They were alwayes dyed with this tincture from the foot vnto the head so as they were like vnto shining Negros This was their ordinary vnction they had another when they went to sacrifice or incense on the tops of mountaines or in darke Caues where there Idols were vsing also certaine Ceremonies to take away feare and adde courage This vnction was made with diuers venemous beasts as Spiders Scorpions Salamanders and Vipers which the Boyes in the Colledges tooke and gathered together wherein they were so expert as they were alway furnished when the Priests called for them They tooke all these together and burnt them vpon the harth of the Temple which was before the Altar vntill they were consumed to ashes Then did they put them in Morters with much Tobacco or Petum which made them lose their force mingling likewise with these ashes Scorpions Spiders and Palmers aliue After this they put to it a certaine seed being ground which they called Olololuchqui whereof the Indians made drinkes to see Visions for that the vertue of this herbe is to depriue men of sence they did likewise grind with these ashes black and hairy wormes whose haire onely is venemous all which they mingled together with blacke or the fume of Rosine putting it in small pots which they set before their God saying it was his meat and therefore called it a diuine meat By meanes of this ointment they became Witches and did see and speake with the Diuell The Priests being slubbered with this ointment lost all feare putting on a Spirit of cruelty By reason whereof they did very boldly kill men in their sacrifices went all alone in the night time to the Mountaines and into obscure Caues contemned all wilde beasts beleeuing that Lyons Tygres Serpents and the rest fled from them by vertue hereof This Petum did also serue to cure the sick and for children all resorted to them as to their Sauiours to apply vnto them this Diuine Physicke as they called it They vsed manifold other superstitions to delude the people in tying small flowers about their necks and strings with small bones of Snakes commanding them to bathe at certaine times to watch all night at the Diuine
a great Banquet for him brought in the last seruice which was a Cup full of molten Gold which they forced him to drinke saying Now glut thy selfe with Gold This Baldiuia had entred Chili with foure hundred Horse and easily conquered that part which had beene subiect to the Kings of Peru but the other which was the richer part held out The Spaniards sent them word they were the Sonnes of God and came to teach them the Word of God and if they would not yeeld to them they would shoote fire among them The Indians would try this argument in the field and there the great Ordnance so well pleaded the cause that they beleeued and subiected themselues The Spaniards imployed them in the Mynes whence they gathered such plenty of Gold that others had twenty thousand but Baldiuia himselfe had three hundred thousand Pezos by the yeere The Indians after perceiuing the Spaniards to be but mortall men rebelled and whereas they had vsed to carry grasse into the Fort for the Spaniards Horses they conueyed in the same Weapons by which meanes being assisted by their fellowes without they wonne the Forts and when Baldiuia would haue recouered it he lost himselfe as you haue heard Euer since this hostility hath continued and the Araucans are the Lists and Barres to the Spanish Conquests Their Countrey to consider Arauco by it selfe is but small about twenty leagues in length neither could the Inguas or Kings of Peru conquer it their manner of Warre is much like the Christians in pitched Battels placing their Bowmen among their rankes of Pikemen To speake of other Townes which the Spaniards haue built in this Coast is not our purpose When they sacked Baldiuia Anno 1599. they feasted the Spaniards with the like golden Cups powred hot downe their throats they cut off the Images heads triumphing ouer the Spaniards Gods as they termed them They were then at the siege of Imperiall another Spanish Citie hauing before taken Baldiuia They plucke out the hearts of the Spaniards which they kill and drinke in their skuls Lately the Hollanders haue not only taken the Bay and Towne of All Saints on the Easterne shore of Brasil but are also reported to haue done much harme to the Spaniards in Peru the particulars whereof partly I haue expressed in the second part of my Pilgrimes after the Relation of the Amboyna Tragedy partly haue left to more full discouery by Time the Mother of Truth Likewise since the last Edition of this Worke that Expedition of Mayre and Schouten round about the Globe hath beene published and in the second Booke of my Pilgrimes is extant in which the Coasts of Terra Australis are best notified But let mee giue the Reader warning that Sir Francis Drake had discouered those Straits in 57. being forced by tempest out of the South Sea thorow them and named that Elizabeths Iland in Anno 1578. which these Hollanders called Barneuelts as in an old Map in his Maiesties priuy Gallery dedicated to Queene Elizabeth is yet to be seene CHAP VIII Of the Conquest of Peru by the Spaniards and of their Ingua's or Emperours §. I. Of PIZARRO his Discouery and taking the King of Peru FRancis Pizarro was the Bastard sonne of Gonzallo a Captaine in the Kingdome of Nauarre he was borne at Trusiglio and exposed at the Church doore and none being found that would giue him the brest he was nourished by sucking a Sow for certaine dayes at last his Father acknowledged him and when hee was growne set him to keepe his Swine which being one day strayed and lost hee durst not returne home for feare and therefore went to Siuill and thence passed to the Indies In this Swinish education hee had not so much as learned to reade Hee went to Vraua with Alonso de Hoieda with Valuoa to the Discouery of the South Sea and with Pedrarius de Auila Gouernour of Golden Castile to Panama In this Citie were diuers which affâ—cted Golden Discoueries Pedrarius intended Nicaragua but Diego di Almagro Hernando Luche or Luques a rich Priest and this Pizarro now growne rich agreed to ioyne their Purses and best industry to search Southwards where they had heard was store of wealth They prouided a Nauie and two hundred and twenty Souldiers and Almagro with Pizarro in the yeere 1525. or as Benzo hath it 1526. set forward Almagro and he parting company Pizarro offering to land his men was wounded and forced to retire to Panama Almagro in another place had better successe the Indians vsing him kindly and giuing him three thousand Ducats of Gold But seeking to land in that place of Pizarro's misfortune hee was set vpon by the Indians and lost in fight one of his eyes They meet at Panama and hauing cured their wounds repaire their forces and with two hundred men and many slaues set sayle and land in another place but a re repelled to their ships by the Inhabitants and goe to Gorgon a little Iland sixe miles from the Continent where Pizarro stayed whiles Almagro went backe for better supply At his returne Pizarro and his company were almost starued but being refreshed and all of them now together attempting the Indian shore were repelled with losse to the I le which they called Galli Almagro is againe sent backe for new aide the Souldiers would haue passed with him and cursed this Land and their Couetousnesse Pizarro and his Company agree to search further and hauing sayled fiue hundred miles came to Chira a Prouince of Peru and taking some of the Inhabitants to learne them the Spanish Tongue returned to Tumbez Hauing learned of the Indians the great wealth of those parts he set one Peter a Candian on shore who was kindly entertayned of the Gouernour that shewed him a Temple dedicated to the Sunne wherein were vnspeakable riches which when he related to Pizarro at his returne the Spaniards goe backe with these newes to Panama His two fellowes Almagro and the Priest called after the Foole because he had spent his estate on this businesse and at last was excluded by his companions agreed with Pizarro to goe to Spaine to get license for this Conquest and borrowed one thousand and fiue hundred Ducats to set him forth Pizarro seekes and obtaynes this Facultie onely for himselfe neuer mentioning his Partners and with Letters Patents returneth to Panama with his foure Brethren Hernando Gonzalo Iohn and Martin di Alcantara his Brother by the Mothers side His two Partners were not a little grieued when they heard how things passed but after much stirre Almagro and Pizarro became friends and agreed to communicate Purses and Titles Pizarro goes before with a hundred and fiftie Souldiers taking order that Almagro should follow with all the strength he could make and Lands in Peru a Riuer so called which gaue name to those mighty and rich Prouinces because the Spaniards by this way discouered them They went by land enduring much misery by the way to Coach
inherited not the goods as is sayd already but they were wholly dedicated to his Oratorie or Guaca and for the mayntenance of the Family he left which with his Off-spring was alway busied at the Sacrifices Ceremonies and Seruice of the deceased King for being dead they presently held him for a God making Images and Sacrifices to him The Ensigne of Royaltie was a Red Rowle of Wooll finer then Silke which hung on his forehead which was a Diadem that none else might weare in the middest of their forehead at the eare the Noblemen men might When they tooke this Roll they made their Coronation Feast and many Sacrifices with a great quantitie of vessels of Gold and Siluer and many Images in the forme of Sheepe of Gold and Siluer and a thousand others of diuers colours Then the chiefe Priest tooke a young Child in his hand of the age of sixe or eight yeeres pronouncing these words with the other Ministers to the Image of Viracocha Lord wee offer this vnto thee that thou mayest mayntaine vs in quiet and helpe vs in our Warres mayntaine our Lord the Ingua in his Greatnesse and estate that hee may alway increase giuing him much knowledge to gouerne vs There were present at this Ceremonie men of all parts of the Realme and of all Guacas and Sanctuaries It is not found that any of the Inguas Subiects euer committed Treason against him Hee placed the Gouernours in euery Prouince some greater and some smaller The Inguas thought it a good rule of State to keepe their Subiects alway in action and therefore there are seene to this day long Causeys of great labour diuiding this large Empire into foure parts Hauing conquered a Prouince they presently reduced them into Townes and Communalties which were diuided into Bands one was appointed ouer tenne another ouer a hundred and another ouer a thousand and ouer tenne thousand another Aboue all there was in euery Prouince a Gouernour of the House of the Inguas to whom the rest gaue accounts of what had passed and who were eyther borne or dead At the Feast called Raymar the Gouernours brought the Tribute of the whole Realme to the Court at Cusco All the Kingdome was diuided into foure parts Chinchasuyo Collosuyo Andesuyo and Condesuyo according to the foure wayes which went from Cusco East West North and South When the Ingua conquered a Citie the Land was diuided into three Parts the first for Religion euery Idoll and Guaca hauing his peculiar Lands appropriated to their Priests and Sacrifices and the greatest part thereof was spent in Cusco where was the Generall and Metropolitan Sanctuary the rest in that Citie where it was gathered which all had Guacas after the fashion of Cusco some being thence distant two hundred leagues That which they reapt on the Land was put into Store-houses built for that purpose The second part of that diuision was for the Ingua for the mayntenance of his Court Kinsmen Noblemen and Souldiers which they brought to Cusco or other places where it was needfull The third part was for the Communaltie for the nourishment of the people no particular man possessing any part hereof in proper As the Family encreased or decreased so did the portion Their Tribute was to till and husband the Lands of the Ingua and the Guacas and lay it vp in Store-houses being for that time of their labour nourished out of the same lands The like distribution was made of the Cattel to the same purposes as that of the lands and of the wooll and other profits that thence arose The old men women and sicke folkes were reserued from this Tribute They payed other Tributes also euen whatsoeuer the Ingua would choose out of euery Prouince The Chicas sent sweete Woods the Lucanas Brancars to carrie his Litter the Chumtilbicas Dancers others were appointed to labour in the Mines and all were slaues to the Ingua Some hee employed in building of Temples Fortresses Houses or other Workes as appeareth by the remnants of them where are found stones of such greatnesse that men cannot conceiue how they were cut brought and layed in their places they hauing no Iron or Steele to cut Engines to carrie nor Morter to lay them and yet they were so cunningly layed that one could not see the ioynts Some of eight and thirtie foot long sayth Acosta eight broad and sixe thicke I measured and in the walles of Cusco are bigger none so little sayth Sancho in some buildings there as three Carts might carrie and some thirty spannes square Iohn Ellis which lately was there sayth some of them are twentie tunne weight strangely ioyned without morter They built a Bridge at Chiquitto the Riuer being so deepe that it will not admit Arches they fastened bundles of Reedes and Weedes which being light will not sinke which they fasten to eyther side of the Riuer they make it passable for man and beast it is three hundred foot long Cusco their chiefe Citie standeth in seuenteene degrees it is subiect to cold and Snow the Houses are of great and square stone It was besieged by Soto and by Pizarro and by him entred where they found more treasure then they had by the imprisonment of Atabaliba Quito is said to haue beene as rich as Cusco Hither Ruminagni fled with fiue thousand Souldiers when Atabaliba his Master was taken by the Spaniards and slue Illescas his Brother that withstood his Tyrannicall proceedings flayed him and made a Drumme of his skinne slue two thousand Souldiers that brought the bodie of Atabaliba to Quite to be interred hauing in shew of Funerall pompe and honour before made them drunke and with his Forces scoured the Prouince of Tamebamba hee killed many of his Wiues for smiling when hee told them they should haue pleasure with the bearded men and burnt the Wardrobe of Atabaliba that when the Spaniards came and entred Quito which had almost dispeopled Panama Nicaragua Cartagena and other their Habitations in hope of Peruuian spoyles they found themselues disappointed of their expected prey and in anger set fire on the Towne Aluarado with like newes came from Guatimala into those parts with foure hundred Spaniards but was forced to kill his Horse to feede his famished Company although at that time Horses were worth in Peru aboue a thousand Ducats a piece was almost killed with thirst was assaulted with showres of Ashes which the hote Vulcane of Quito dispersed two hundred and fortie myles about with terrible Thunders and Lightnings which Pluto had seemed to steale from Iupiter and here to vent them and after with Snowes on the colde Hils which exacted seuenty Spaniards for Tribute in the passage found many men sacrificed by the Inhabitants but could finde no Gold till Pizarro bought his departure with an hundred thousand Duckets Hee gaue Thankes hee sayd to God for his deliuerance by that Tract by which hee had passed to the Deuill This was hee that afterward being bruised with the fall
compasse 48. Other wonders there 49. 50. Enlarged with a new Citie by Nabuchodonosor ibid. Babylonian Historie to these times 60. seq Destruction thereof 63. The taking thereof by Seleuchus 73. It is the Mother Citie of Iewes 124. The ruines 125. Thereby is signified Rome 141. Reduced by Zopyrus 342 Babylas his bones 72 Bagdet Bachdad or Baldach supposed Seleucia 51. 64. 242 Why called Babylon 63. Built by Bugiafar ibid. Destroyed 64. Victualled how 65. The state thereof in Beniamins time 147. 148. The whole Storie 237. 238. seq 242 243 Bacala in the East Indies 461 Bachdad Citie 50 Bacchus and his Priests 109 665 Baccalaos 30 Bachsi of the Tartars 418 Bactrians their cruell Rites 399 Badurias King of Cambaya 537 Baduini a kind of heretical Mores 757. 768 Bagdad built 1028 Baiazet the first taken by Tamerlan 282 Baiazet the second 283. 284 Baldiuias entertainment in Arauco 411 Baitull 80 Baithos and Baithoscans 129 Baly Iland described 611 Bals or Bels worne in mens yards 496 Balme of Gilead the Trees 92 In Arabia 226. In Amara 743 In Brasil 912 Balsam brought from Gilead to Cairo thence to Mecca 274 Bambyce the Syrian Goddesse so called 68 Banus the Heremite 123 Banians and their Superstition 240. 241 Banda Ilands 578. 607. The Commodities and Factories there 607. 608 Bantam described 609. 610. The English Factorie there 610 611 Baptizing of Proselites 97 Barbarussa or Barbarossa 676 677 Barchosba his end a warning for all such as fight against God their Souereigne 142 Barents his Discouery and wintering in the North east 782 Baruchne a huge Bird 210 Baruch interpreted by Herodotus 58 Bargu Plaine and the Rites there 429 Barkleys Trauels 423 Baris a Hill in Armenia 35 Barbaria whence so called 668 The Map of Barbary ibidem The Seriffo of Barbary his History 695. 696. Ciuill Warres in Barbary 697. 698. Regions of Barbary 700. 701. The conditions of the Inhabitants in the Cities of Barbary 704. 705 Basan 85 Basilides a Priest 72 Bathy or Bathu his exploits 361 Basiliske a Serpent 623 Bats great as Hens 565 Battell his Trauels 726 Barwels bauldnesse with cold 931 Beautie in fowlest deformitie 721 vide Gul-gallants and Fashion-mongers Beads vsed in Prayer by Turkes 312 Beasts whence their crueltie 15 Cleane and vncleane 33. Their awe of man and becomming food to man 36 Beasts sacred 460 Beasts worshipped 461. Execution by Beares 978 Beares of wonderfull greatnesse 564 Becca the same with Mecca 273 Beduines a Sect of the Arabians 221 Bedauyae or Bednois 231 Beetle worshipped 636 Beelsamen 75 Belzebub 80 Behemoth the huge Oxe mentioned in Iob Iewish tales of him 210 Bel and Belus deified 46. Called Baal Beelsamen 77. 81 Beelzebub Arbelus ibid. His creating the World 49. His Temple and Tower at Babylon 50. Golden vessels and Altar ibid. Bel chiefe Idol of Babylon 50. 56 Whither Bel and Baal bee the same 57. His name Rites c. 57. 58. His Sepulchre 56. By whom worshipped 58. His Priests 58. 59 Bel and the Dragon 58 Belus Author of Astronomie 49 50. His Temple clensed by Alexander ib. supposed the tower of Babel yet remayning 50. Supposed to be Nimrod 61 Belaeus Riuer 79 Belesus or Phul Beloch 62 Belgrade taken 273 Belgian an hill 381 Bellarmines errour of Paradise 15. Of Daniel 57. Of Antiochus 74. Of Miracles 81. 82 Of Abraham 95 Of the Sabbath 20. Of Monkes of Saint George 319. Of Confession 198. His testimony of Scripture and the translation thereof 169 170 Beltis Bealtis and Belissima 78 Bels vsed in Cathay 404. China 470. In Iapon very great 597 When first found and founded 602 Bels of Gold in America 795 Bemoini and his actiue people 692 Bengala Kingdome described 508 509. Their deuotions at Ganges 509. 510 Bengala gulfe described 579 993. seq Bengalan three hundred thirty fiue yeeres old 588 Benecochab his Imposture 141 114 Benioin a Gumme 570 Benedictus Goes his trauels from Lahor to China 413. 414 Benomotapa 72. seq Their Rites 722 Berecynthia or the Mother of the Gods 71 Berenice on the Red Sea 783 Bereshith with Iewish Comments 177. 178 Bermuda why so called and how otherwise 960. Commodities and situation thereof ibid. Plantation there 961 Berosus counterfeit 34. His testimony of the Floud ibid. Other fragments of him 45. 46 Best his Sea fight 613 Betelle 552. A description of the Plant Bettele 568 Beuer a beast 564 Bezar-stone 570 Bezars how taken out of Goates 1003 Beniamin Tudelensis his errour of Samaritans 136. His trauels and obseruations 63. 146. seq The state of the Iewes in his time 146. 147. seq Biblos whence so called 82 Bidrach Citie and Vniuersitie 146 Biledulgerid or Date Region described 706. 707 Birataca a Beast of incredible stench 564 Birds Preachers 719. Ilands ful of Birds 831 Birds of Brasile 912. 913. Tale of a huge Bird 210. Of other Birds 399 Birds of Paradise 565 Birra on Euphrates 63. 65 Bisertae supposed Vtica 641 Bisnagar 572. 993. The Kings haughtie stile 573 Bitumen or slimie Pitch 50. From a Fountaine neere Bagdet ibid. Blacke colour esteemed aboue White 721. The cause ibid. Blacke neuer worne by Turkes 303 Bliomum an Idol worshipped of the Arabians 242 Bloud prohibited 35. By the Zabij eaten in communion with the Deuill 53. 54. Iewish obseruations thereof 110. Mahometicall prohibstion 253. Drunke by the Tartars and others 431 People that will shed no bloud 240. 241. Bloud stayed from issuing by force of a Iewell or bone of a Caball 579. Bloud not seene in much effusion therof 662. Bloud in the Temple at Ierusalem 216 Boats of horse skins 391. Of Leather 793. Of Birch barke 802 Of fish skinnes 820. Of Seales skins ibid. Bomelius rosted 980 Bodies Vanitie 23 Boghar 425 Bona where situate 669 Bonito-fish 566 Boris brother to Irenia 980. made Protector 984. his bloudy staires to the Throne 988. 991. His Empire and end 992 Borneo the description thereof 578. 579 Bone of a man of huge bignesse 210 Bonzij in Iapon their Sects and Rites 594. 595 Booke of Scripture Nature the Creature 23 Bookes of the Law of Life and a third sort 196. 197 Booke of Butchery 171. Mahomets Booke of Iudgement 259 Bookes ascribed to Abraham Salomon Iob c. 701. Bookes of leaues of trees 896 Boots Shooes in America 793 Boriquen described 954 Borsippa a Citie sacred to Apollo and Diana 54 Bosarman or Musulman a Mahumetan Conuert 258 Botanter described the strange Rites there 512 Botelius his strange Nauigation 623 Boucan and boucaning mans flesh 914. 915. Sir Ierome Bowes his Russian Embassage 982. seq Brachmanes their Opinion of a better World 478. Their Rites 479. Sects 479. 480 Bramenes both Secular and Religious 547. seq How respected ibid. They haue their shops of Merchandise their Habit Vow and Funerals their Fasts Opinions and Obseruations their estimation Arts c. 547. 548. 549. Their Writing Learning Superstition 997 Bramenes Pope 559 Brama or Brema 472
Confession at Ocaca ibid. Nicaragua 887. In Peru 942. 943 Congo the Historie thereof 765 Six Prouinces therein 766. their Kings Idols Conuersion 767 768. Their admirable trees 769 Constantina a Citie 643 Constantinople decyphred with due Epithites and titles 322. 323 Constellations of the Chaldaeans 52 Confusius a Philosophicall Saint in China 462. His Temple ibid. Confusian Sect their opinions and Rites 462. 463 Cookery superstitious 200. 201 Copernicus his opinion of the Spheres 8 Cophti Christians in Aegypt 657 658 Coquo-nut and Tree and the commodities thereof 567 Coray how situate 602 Corkan of the Iewes 127. 128 Cordaei or Gordiaei montes 35 Corycean Caue 301 Corterealis Discouery 860 Cortez his Conquest 858. 859. His expedition to Mexico c. 860. 861 Corybantes and bloudy Priests 86 Corvat his trauels and obseruatitions 531 Cosroes the Great his Reigne 362 363. 364 Cosumil or Acusamil 885 Cothone Iland 82 Cotton where and how it groweth 395 Couerts Trauels 531 Couetousnesse punished 331 Courts of the Iewes 98. At Bagdat 146. 147. 148 Country of Couche how situate 511 Coughing at Sermons 704 Coughing Rites in Benomotapa 722 Crabs in India fullest in the wane 566. Exceeding great Crabs ibid. Cranganor a Christian Citie in India 554 Crassus slaine at Carrae 63. His Periury 119. 353 Cray-fish of three Cubits 480. Others exceeding great ibid. Creation what it is and the Histostorie therof 5. Proued 12. Iewish dreames thereof 178. 179. Mahomets dreames 253. 254. Dreames of the Magi concerning it 670. Of the Indians 478 479. Of the Aegyptians 635 636. In Peru 934 Creed of the Moderne Iewes 171 172 Cretans called Chetim Cortim 37 Crim-Tartars 421. Their gouernment and wars 422. Religion and other Customes 423. There inuading Russia and Acts there 975. 976. seq Strange Embassage 975 Crisses a kind of Daggers 460 Crocodiles in Pegu accounted holy 507. In Iaua eaten 610 In Africa 623. In Aegypt 637. In Congo 769. A kind of Crocodile in Poland 990. Crocodiles charmed 1005 Crowes ominous 540. Fed from the King of Calecuts Table 550 Hurtfull 565. Iewish tale of a huge Crow 210 Crosses in Aegyptian Ceremonies what 636. Vsed by some Mahumetans 243. In lucatan 885 Cruelty of Abdalla the 22. Chalifa 1027 Cresias 357 Ctesiphon built by the Parthians 63 Cuba discouered 954. 955. Cubagua 951 Cubit sacred and Geometricall 33 Cucuij a strange Beetle 637 Cufa a Citie 64 Cumania described 896. Rarities and Rites ibid. Their dancing drinking 897. Their Gods Crosses and Priests 898. Their Diuinations and Funerals ibid. Curdi Mungrels in Religion 67 their habitation Rites and manner of liuing 349 Curiana how situate 895 Cusco a Citie in Peru 949. 950 Custome what and how strong 26 27 Cutha part of the Desart of Arabia 136 Cuthaeans 136. The subtilest beggers in the World 136. Cursed by the Leuits 136 Cutlu-Muses his Acts 280. 281 Cublay-can 406. His greatnesse and Conquests 407. 408 Cush his Posteritie 37. 726. Cush how vsed in Scripture ibidem Cushites who called 726 Cyaxares destroyed Niniue 66 Cybele 340 Cynocephalus worshipped Cyprus the description thereof 584 The Map of Cyprus 585 Cyrus 60. 336. Hee tooke Darius at Borsippa 63. 357. Tooke Croesus 356. The Historie of him 356. 357. seq How much he got by his warres in Asia 102 Nourished by a Bitch 350 Cyzicus a Citie of Mysia Minor 334 Czophylar a Turkish Sect 315. 316 D DAbaiba Riuer and Goddesse 893. The Pilgrimes Sacrifices Fasts Bels Priests Funerals bloudy Dances 894. 895. Monster there ibid. Dabuh a Beast 563 Dagon Idoll 77. 80. The word Dagon signifieth a Sea God 80 Dan 92. Apostasie of Dan. 94 The Citie of Dan why so called 92 Daniel expounded by Berosus 49 Set ouer the Chaldee 55. Another Daniel supposed 59. His interpretations interpreted 60. His Sepulchre 148. The place of his imprisonment 64 Daniel Sonne of Hasdai 147. his authority ouer all Congregations of the Israelites 148 Darknesse on the face of the Deepe 6. A priuation 7. Cimmerian darknesse 576 Darknesse internall externall eternall met together 518 Darius Medus 61. 359 Darius spared the Temple of Belus 56. The History of him 359 360 Darius Nothus 102 Damascus in Syria 14. The History thereof 75. 76 Damut in Aethiopia 739 Dancali Dambri Damote Dambea c. In Aethiopia 726 Damiadee Daddor Dille in the Moguls Country 534 Dances of Iewes 211 Daphne neere Antioch 71. The Fable ibid. The vanity of Antiochus there 72 Dariene described 891. Their Rites 892. 893 Date-trees planted by Mahomet 248 Date-Region 654. 706. 707. seq The effect of Dates 655 Dauid Elroi a false Messias 143 144 Dauids Sepulchres 230. His Ecclesiasticall Constitutions ibid. Iewish dreames of him 124 Captaine Dauies slaine 817. His Northwest Discoueries 813. His Discoueries in the South Sea 914 Daulas what it signifies 1036 Day Naturall and Artificiall 105 The day diuersly begun ibid. Diuided into watches 106. What dayes the Iewes fasted 113. Mundayes and Thursdayes ibid. Death spirituall naturall eternall 22. Opinions touching the dead among the Turkes 313. 314 Debts how preuented and punished in China 437. At Calecut 550 Decapolis whence so called 93. Her Townes ibid. Decanius 539 Decan Kingdomes described 539 540. Their combination against the Mogoll 996 Dedication Feast 199. 114 Degrees of the Chinians 448. 449 seq Dens or Caue 64 Decij imitated by the Turkes 401 By the Indians 478. Angolians 766 Dely a Kingdome 543. Their Religion and Rites 543. 544 Derbices their Rites 400 Derceto mother of Semiramis 68 Halfe a woman halfe a fish 69. 80 Dermschler a Turkish Order 315 Also Deruis 316. 317 Demetrius of Russia 991. 992 Desart of Arabia 224. seq Desarts of Indie 477 Desolation Iland 395 Deucalion his floud 34. Founder of the Temple at Hierapolis 68 Deuiclaci worshippers of the Sun 135 Deuils malice and policie 21. 22 Deuils worshipped 53. Mahomets opinion that the Deuils shall once bee saued by the Alcoran 263. An Altar erected to the Deuill by the Pegusians 306. Worshipped by the Cambayans and their Rites in his worship 543. 544 Dewras an impregnable Hill 563 Diamonds poyson 740. Whence taken ibid. Diana her Story 337. Worshipped in Babylon 56. At Castabala 191. In Galatia 260. Ionia and Asia her Temple Priests c. 337 Diargument or Hircania 355 356. Diasares an Arabian Deitie 228. Dido why so called 82 Digs his Iland 817 Dinias his fabulous iourney 15 Dinor a fiery Brooke 325 Dyonysius his monstrous fatnesse 226. Worshipped by the Arabians 227 Diosurias famous for many Languages 97 Diospolis or Thebes 632 Diseases amongst the Iewes and their Superstitions 205. Meanes for cure 205 Diuination 45. 51. 54. 56. 131 408 466. 686. Diuers kinds of Diuination 369. 370. Scythian Diuination 397. 398. Tartarian Diuination 416. 428. Chinian Diuinations 466. 467. 468 Diuinations in Fez 686. 687 Diuorce of Iewes 204 Dodanim Author of the Dorians and Rhodians 37 Dogzijn or Drusians their Sect Irreligion Irregularitie Infamy Incest 220. 221 Dogges
they haue new husbands if the former bee absent twentie dayes 369. In Thebet 430. In China 468. 469. In Pegu 502 503. Of Bengalans 508. 509 Indians 678. About Goa 544 545. Of Bramanes 547. 548 In Calecut 549. Of Brasilians 919. In Peru 935. In Golchonda 1000 Marriage of Parents and children 64. Iew more Christian then the Papist in preferring Marriage before the seeming-holy Vow of Virginitie 214 Malebar vide Malabar Maranatha a kind of Excommunication of the Iewes 100. What it signifieth 101 Mars how worshipped in Scythia 396. 397 Marsyas flayed quicke 330 Marthus and Marthana 134 Martyrs in all Religions 28. Of the Turkes 315. 316. 317. 318 Maruthas Bishop 362 Masbothaei or Masbothenai a Sect of the Iewes 135 Masorites 165 Masoreth 169. 170 Massalians 134 Massagerae their Religion and Rites 399 Mathematicall Instruments in China 468. Their skill in the Mathematicks ibid. Iesuits get credit there by them 469 Marstach an hearbe which maketh mad 316 Mattins of the Iewes 185. 186. seq Mauiitania Caesariensis Mauri Maurusij 675. 676. Their miserable life ibid. Women Prophetesses ibid. Mauritius the Emperour 380. seq Mausolus his Tombe 335 Maxes their Rites 667 Maximinus his huge stature 32 Mays 806 Mazalcob Mazal and Mazaloth 70 Meaco a Citie in Iapon 595. 596 Measures inuented by Cain 29 Meats prohibited to the Aegyptian Priests 642. 643 Meats forbidden in Loango 770 By the Mahumetans 257 Mecca taken and conuerted to Islamisme 1015. The Pilgrimages thither 255. 267. 268. 269. seq Description of Mecca 267 273. The description of the Mosquita there 269 Mecca spoyled of the Black-stone 1035 Medes 37. The story of the Medes 349. 350. seq Media whence so called 349. The description thereof 350. seq The diuision thereof 351. 352 Medina described 271. Conuerted to Islamisene 1014 Mediterranean Sea 575 Medan and Merou 728 Medina and Mecca spoyled 1022 Megalobyzi certaine Priests so called 337 Megasthene his testimony of Nebuchodonosor 49. Of Darius Medus 61 Megauares their Rites 667 Mehokekim who so called 99 Meletius Patriarch of Alexandria 659 Melici or Melchia Sect 704 Melinde 754 Memphis or Noph 631 Memnon 79. His speaking Image ibid. Menas King of Aegypt 631. 632 Mendao a great Citie 812 Mengrelia the sauation and description thereof 347. The state of the present Mengrelians 347 Menon husband of Semiramis 66 Menudde and Menudim 98 Mereury 77 Mercuries certaine Planets so called 51 Meroe Iland described 727. 728 Their Rites ibid. Their Table of the Sunne 728. 729 Merists or Merissaeans 135 Merwan the 11. Chalifa poysoned by his Wife 1022 Meshech Mesehini and Mazaca 37 Melchisedech 121 Merdin a Citie and Patriarchall See 67 Mermaids 626 Merwan the 21. Chalifa his gluttony 1026 Mescuites or Moschees and the Ceremonies in them 266 999 Mesopotamia why so called and how situate 65. Mesopotamian Cities 64 Messa and tales thereof 165 Messias of the Iewes 142. 207. seq Counterfeit Messias 143 144. Dreames of an earthly Messias 162. Of the signes of the comming of the Iewes Messias 207. 208. seq Two Messiasses expected ibid. Iewish Messias his Feast 201 Meta Incognica discouered and described 811. 812 Metasthenes 62 Metempsychosis 471. 469 Menis Iland 941 Master MetholdsVoyage and obseruations 993. seq Methra and Mithra 57. 372 Metsr the name of Cairo and all Aegypt 655 Mexico why so called 862. seq The foundation thereof and strange Expedition thither ibid. Mexico entred by the Spaniards 862. Besieged taken and rebuilt 863. Their seuerall peoples 864. The history of their Kings 865. 866. Their Orations 866 Coronations ibidem Ominous prodigies and ancient Tributes 867. The present state thereof 868. 869. Their Gods Goddesses and worship in Mexico 869 870. Their horrible Sacrifices 871. Their Priests 871. 872 Their Temples 873. 874. Their Monasteries 874. 875. Their Rites and Opinions 876. 877 Their bloudie Processions ibid. Their Baptismes and Education of their children 877. Their Punishments Mariages Funerals 878. Supputation of times 879 Their opinion of fiue Sunnes ibid. Their Feasts and Festiuall rites 880. 881. Of Transubstantiation ibid. Their Iubilee Reliques Lent Processions 881 Other rites 882. Their Schooles Theaters Writings Hieroglyphicks Bookes Whistling 883 Their manner of Numbering ibid. Their opinion of the Soule ibid. Michaels borne a Iewish Miracle before the comming of the Messias 209. 210 Midas his Story 231 Middleton viz. Sir Henry Middleton his Story 582. 583. seq His death 610 Mina a superstitious place 247. A Castle so called 306. A Summe 119 Mindanao Iland her extent and Cities 578 Minaei or Minim 129 Mines how deadly 760. In barren soyles ibid. Mines of Sofala 759. Of the West Indies and what thoy cause men to doe 483. 781 Mine of Diamants 1002 Miracles reported of the Sytian Goddesse 67. 68. Of Beelzebub why applyed to Christ 81. The Popish Miracles ibid. Iewish Dreames of Miracles 164. 165 208. 209 Miracles of the Arabians 228. Of Mahomet 243. Disclaimed by him 244. False ibid. Of Turkes 315. seq Of Tartars 406 407. seq In China 447. 448 seq Amongst the Brachmanes 478. 479. As Ganges 509 510. Of the Mogoll 520. Of the Bramenes 547. In Iapon 592. In Zeiland 616. 617. At Cyprus 584. At Golchonda 999 Miralmumim his building Marocco and other his Acts 234. The Prince of Beleeuers ibid. Miriam Fountain 193 Mislates King of Persia his reigne 361 Mithres and Mithra 57. 372. The Sunne and Fire ibid. Mithridates 329. From him the Antidote Mithridate so called ibid. His cruell Edict 335 Mizraim and his Posterity 37. The name of Cairo 652 Moabites 85 Mogores 512 Mogor or Mogol why so called 515 Mogol Tartars 426. 427. The Great Mogor his large Dominions 515. The disposition and course of Echeber 516. His Religion and his new Sect ibid. His conquests in Decan 517. 518 His huge presents 517. Other Conquests 518. His death 519 The Succession and Title of Selim 519. 520. The Mogors Religion ibid. The storie of that State by Captaine Hawkins 520. 521. The Mogor his great Riches Reuinues Feodaries Iewels c. 521. 522. The meanes of his riches ibid. His Elephants and other beasts 522. 523. His progresse and enemies 523. His deuotions and daily course of life 523 524. His sitting in Iustice and Feasts 524. The Sepulchre of his Father ibid The settling of the English trade and of the two Sea-fights betwixt the English and Portugals 524 525. Trauels of English through the Mogors dominions 526. 528 529. Diuers superstitions of the Mogor 530. 531. seq Of the People subiect to the Mogol and of their Countries Religion and Rites 534 535 536 Moha in the Red Sea 583. The Iourny of Sir Henry Middleton thence to Zenan and back again 583. 584. 585. The description and situation of Moha 584 Mohel a Iewish Circumciser 180. Molucca Ilands the situation and description thereof 578. 604. 605 Moloch and Melchom Idols 86 Mombaza 755 Mongol a Countrie of Tartars 401 Monkes pay tribute 1023 Monsters
and monstrous shapes of men denyed 385 Monomotapa or Benomotapa Empire 759. Their Mines Religion and Rites 759. 760 Moores who and why so called 224 Two Sects of Moores 275 Moores in China 457. vid. Saracens Arabians Moores where now inhabiting and how dispersed 757. 758 Moone why called a great light 10 11. Her greatnesse and excellence ibid. Dimas his iourney thither 16. Worshipped of the Chaldees 51. at Carrae 66. By the Iewes 107. By the Arabians 227. At Diopolis 241. By the Persians 393. Tartars 431. 432. Chinois 470. 471. Goa 545. Brasilians 918. Boorneo 578. 579. By Negroes and others 709. Why the Saracens vse the signe of the Moone on their Steeples 230. 231. The moone seeke the day of her coniunction 305. Iewish Fables of the Moone 193 194 Mahomets Fables of the Moon 252. 253. The New-Moone-Feast when it began with the Iewes 106. 107. How obserued 106. 196 Moneths how reckoned by the Iewes 106. Their names ibid. They haue in some places no names 107 Money of Salt and Paper 750. Money of Ganza 612 Money of Almonds 619 Money by whom inuented 335 The effects of it 336. Monasteries of the Turkes 308. In Tartaria 416. 431. In China 465. 471. Of Saint Francis in Goa 546 Monkes 541 Monoemugi 757 Monuments vid. Sepulchers Mopsus a Lydian 80 Mountaines of Armenia 343. 344 Mountaines of Crystall 412. Mountaine of Pardons by Mecca 269. 270 Burning mountaines 612 Mount Moriah 94. Sinai 225 The Mountaine of Health 271. Morboner a Sect of the Iewes 135 Doctor Mortons commendation 95 Mordecay why hee worshipped not Haman Morduit-Tartars Moratui Iland 578 Morabites a Sect in Africa 626 Morauia and Moldauia 416 Morse or Sea-Oxe described 913 914 Moses what hee did on Mount Sinai 155. Iewish opinions of him 156. He receiued the first Alphabetarie letters in the Table of the Decalogue 82. Moses chaire 132. First Pen-man of Scripture his excellencie 175. Pseu-Moses a Coozener 143. Moses Aegyptius vid. Rambam The Turkes opinion of Moses 302. his wife 729. Mosco destroyed by the Tartars 422 Moscouites of Mesech 37 Moschee or Mosquita vid. Temple Mossinaeci a beastly people 330. Mosambique 785. Beastly Rites of some neere them ibid. Moslemans Religion 265. 266. Mosleman women disrespected 265 Mosull supposed to be Niniue 67 Famous for Cloth of gold silke fertilitie c ibid Mosse foode to the Deere of the Samoeds 432 Moth interpreted Mire 77 Mourners doore in the Temple 99 A Sect 135. Funerall mourning of Iewes 206. Of others vid. Funerall Muaui son of Abusofian the seuenth Emperour of the Muslims 1021 Muaui son of Iezid the ninth Chalifa 1022. Muaui the Chaliph his Acts 234 seq Mufti of the Turkes and their Authoritie 320. 321 Mulli and Muderisi 312 Muleasses King of Tonis 672 Muley Hammet his Stile and Letter to the Earle of Leicester 696 Mummia 226. 632. How made in Aethiopia 748 Murther amongst the Turkes vnpardonable 300. Selfe-murther 633. Musa Alhadi the 25. Chalifa strangled by his mother 1028. Musarab Christians 1024 Muske of a Beast 564 Muslim what it signifies 1013 Muslim Empire falleth in pieces 1036 Musulipatan or Musulipatnam 994 Described 995. Mustapha his Acts 286. The succession of Mustapha twice 293 294 seq Mustaed-Dini chiefe Priest or Mufti of the Persians 391. Musteatzem last Chalif of Bagdet 237. 242 Mutadids equitie and cruelty 1033 Mutars Sect in Persia 370. 391 Mutasim the 29. Chalifa his strength of body 1030 Mutewakkels crueltie to Muhammed 1031 Mutezuma King of Mexico 860 861 Myiodes Myiagrus 81 Mydas his Storie 331 Mylitta Venus 56 Myrrhe in Arabia 231 Mysia 334. The Mysians for their great Deuotion called Smoke-climers 334. Matters famous in Mysia 334. 335 N NAamah first Inuentor of making Linnen and Wollen and vocall Musicke 29 Naaman a Scenite Arabian 227 Nabathea and Nabathaeans 227 230 Nabathitae 222 Nabunanga King of Iapon 856 857 Nabuchodonosor his Babylonish garments 48. His Pensile Gardens 49. Nabuchodonosor in Iudith vncertaine 60 Nabopollasar ibid. Not the same with Nabuchodonosor 62 Nabonidus the same with Darius Medus 63 Naboth Iewish Dreames of his Soule 187 Nafissa a Queane Saint at Cairo 652 Nagayan Tartars 423 Nairos Knights or Souldiers in India their Rites 553. 554 Naida supposed to be built by Cain 29 Naicks Indian Gouernours 993 Naimaini 404. 405 Nakednesse of Adam 22. Iewish Dreames of Nakednesse 180 181. 183 Nanquin a City of China 439. 466 Nastacia the Empresse made a Saint 974 Nations their beginning 37. seq Natitae and Natophantae certaine Priests 58 Nature what it is 13 Nature of man first infected now infecting 25 Natolia described 325. Now called Turkie ibid. Nailes long in China 469. Accounted a Gentleman-like signe ibid. Nauigations of the Ancients 684. The first Inuentor of Nauigations 82 Naugracot supposed the highest part of the Earth 35 Nazareth 90 Nazarites 133 Nazareans Iewish Sectaries 133 Necromancie 369 Neerda and Nisibis 63 Negapatan the situation and description thereof 557. seq The Bloudy and Beastly Rites there ibid. Negroes a description of the land of Negroes 709 sequitur Whence called the Land of Negroes 709. Many Nations 711. Strange kinde of Negroes 712. 713. The cause of the Negroes Blacknesse 721. 722. Their Coasts and Inland Countries 721. sequitur Negro Slaue made King of Egypt and Syria 1037 Neriglossoorus 62 Neru and the Rites there 605 Nero his Superstitions 69 Nestorians in Cathaya their Rites 404 409. In Ergimul 416. In Egrigaia and Tenduc 429. 430. At Quinsay 442. 443 Nethanims or Gibeonites 123 New Moone vide Moone New yeeres day of the Iewes 107. 196. Their Dreames of that Day 197 New yeeres day of the Chinois 463 Newberies Trauels 579. 580 New Granada 816 New World why called America and West Indies 791 New England 829. 830 New Wales 830 New Britaine 829 New-land of King Iames 814 815. seq New France 823. 824. Late Plantations of New France 825. 826. seq New Mexico 855 New Spaine 858 seq Newfoundland 821. sequitur Diners Voyages thither 822. Plantation there by the English 822. 823. seq Nicaragua described and how situate 887. Their Bookes Sacrifices Priests Processions Confessours ibid. Their Feasts Marriages Punishments Lake and Riches 888 Nicaraguas questions 889 Nicostrata Author of the Latine Letters 82 Nififa in Barbary 700 Nigritarum terra 709 Niger his course 709. 710. sequitur Niguas little Wormes great trouble 818 Nilus Riuer a large Discourse thereof 627. sequitur The cause and time of the ouerflowing 628. The shallownesse in some places ibidem The falls thereof 727. 740. Stayed by the Prete 731. The Spring of Nilus 740 Nilus diuerted 1042 Nimrod 37. 44. A Tyrant 45 Author of Idolatry 45. 46 Ninias supposed Amraphel 61 Niniue built 45. Taken by Arbaces the Mede 61. By Cyaxares 66. Described 65. Who built it ibidem The ruines thereof 138 Ninus first Deifier of his Father Belus 46. His History examined 65. His Exploits 65. 66 His Sepulchre ibid. Nine a
Their Morning Prayer and Superstitions therein 185 seq Their gestures and turnings at Prayer ibid. Mahumets Canon of Prayer 256. 257. 263. The Turkes manner of Praying 297 298. 308. The Iugutes their Praying 772. the Mogols 516 Persians 582. Prayer for the dead amongst the Iewes Vide Iewes Amongst the Turkes 297. 308. Amongst the Persians 389. Amongst the Tartars 418. The Indians 481 482 In Banda 562. Of the Prayers of euery Nation See the whole Booke in discourse of each Religion Preaching little vsed in the Greek Church 324. 325 Preaching of Mahumetans 256 Turkes 319. 320. Of the Talapoies 513 Precepts Affirmatiue and Negatiue 173. The Iewes Negatiue Precepts expounded by the Rabbines 174 sequitur Their Affirmatiue Precepts expounded 175. 176 Precopite Tartars 421. 422 Presbyter Iohn in Asia the Historie of him 734. 735. sequitur Whither this bee the same with him of Aethiopia ibid. Two in Asia 737 Presbyter Iohn in Africa not strong at Sea 738. Not so called there ibidem His state Relations of his Empire 740 741. Doubtfull or fabulous out of Frier Luis 742. His Library and Treasures 744. 745. His Election 746. 747. His Cities 747. 748. The more credible report of him out of Godignus 749. sequitur His course of Iustice 150. His miseries ibidem His Descent from the Queene of Saba 151 Priapus Citie and Hauen 334 Priapi two huge ones 68 Priamus 328 Priest the first named Melchisedec 121. Heads of Families and first-borne Priests ibidem Priests of the Iewes 121. 122 123. No Priest-hood now left to the Iewes ibid. Priests of the Chaldees 51. 52. 57 Called Magi 55. Natitae 58 Galli 68. Their Number and Order 69 Priests of Phaenicia 88. Of Moloch 86. Of Arabia 227. 228 Of Panchaea 229. Of the Turkes 319. 320. sequitur Of the Capadocians 326. 327 Of Mysia and their abstaining from Flesh and Marriage 334 335. Of Diana 337. Shauen Priests at Solmissus 339. At Mylasa 340 Priests of Cybele ibid. 367. 368 369. 372. 373. 374. Of the present Persians 393. 394. Of the Scythians 397. Of the Tartars 419. Shauen Priests and single in Cathay 404. 415 426. In China more Popish Priests 461. 466. sequitur In Syam more then Popish 491 In Pegu also 505. Mogols Priests 520. Banians 241 Bramenes 547. 548. Iaponites 592. 593 Priests in Ternate 605. 606. Samatra 614. Zeilan 616. Aegypt 635. 636. sequitur Saracenicall Priests 230. Christian 251. Iewish 263 Priests of Ammon 273. Carthaginian 285. Cairaoan 353. At Ham Lisnan 386. In Guinea 716. 717. Meroe 728 Abassia 740. Angola 766 Congo 767. Loango 770. 771 New France 826. Virginia 840. 841. Florida 847. 848 849. Mexico 870. 871 Acusamil 885. Nicaragua 887 Dabaiba 894. Cumana 898 Brasill 916. 917. Peru 490 491. Hispaniola 957. Popish Priests in America 799 Princes of the Faction of Blacke Sheepe and White Sheepe 381 Prophets of God 136. Seducing Prophets 143. 144. Mahometicall Prophets 254 Prophets of the World 276 Prophet in Patenaw 495. In Temesna 680 Propheticall Saint and King in Barbary 700. 701 Proselites who so called 97. How made ibid. Processions of the Zabij 52. 53. To the Syrian Goddesse 67. 68. Of the Iewes at the Feast of Tabernacles 112. 196. To Mecca 255. 267. 268. 269 Processions of the Magi 55. 369 370. sequitur Procession with Candles in China 466. seq Processions neere Goa 543. Of Perimal at Prepeti 550. In Iapon 592. In Zeilan 617. In Aegypt 636 Of Ammon 657 Of Mexicans 881. Nicaragua 887. In Peru 948 Proserpina 76. Vide Sinope Psammeticus his tryall of Antiquitie 39 Psaphons policie 171 Ptolemeis Kings of Aegypt 73 648 Ptolemais how situate 79 Pulaoan described 604 Purifications of Iewes 181. 182 Amongst the Tartars 415. seq Puritie from sinne 283. Their beastlinesse ibid. Purple dye of Apes bloud 406 Punnishments among the Iewes how many and in what manner 98. Of stoning hanging burning c. 99. 100. Of the Whip and Excomunication ibid. After death 160. Moderne Punishments 198. 205 Punishments among the Turkes during Lent 310. Selfe-punishments of the Pharisees 128. Of the Essens 130. 131. Of the Hasidaei 125. 126. Of moderne Iewes 197. 198. Of Mahumetans 251 sequitur 259. Of Turkes 315. 316. Of the Galli 68. Cappadocians 326. 327 Of the Magi 55. 369. Of the Persians 390. Samoeds 432 Of the Chinois 465. Siamites 503. Peguans 506. 507. At Ganges 510. Of Cambayans 537. Bramens 547. In Narsinga 557. Of the Iaponites 592. Philippinas 603. Passarans 610. In Zeilan 616. Of the Aegyptians 634. Carthaginians 672 Purgatory of the Iewes 206 207. Like the Popish ibidem Their Purgatory Prayer ibid. Purgatory of Hecla 563. Purgatory Visions 361 Pustozera 445 Put and Phuthaei 37 Putulangua a tree so called worshipped in Persia and Arabia 242 Pygmalion Founder of Carthage 79 Pyramus and Thisbe 57 Pyramides in Aegypt 632 Pythagorean opinions of killing eating no quicke thing c. 462 531. 701. 542 Q QVabacondono Emperour of Iapon 590. 591. Made his Nephew Quabacondono 591 592. Causeth him to plucke out his bowels ibidem The young Quabacondono his cruelty ibidem Quailes sacrificed 630 Quicksiluer and the properties therof 797. Where found 798 Quilacare and their bloudy rites 890 Quiloa the situation and description thereof 756. 757 Quinsay greatest Citie of the World 441. The description thereof 442. 443 Quippos wherewith they account in Peru 935 Quiuira the description thereof 853 R RAimah and his Posteritie 37 Rab his strictnesse 126 Rab Rabrah Rabba with a rabble of like titles 164 Rabbi and Ribbi ibid. Rabbins of two sorts 165. Their seuerall Classes ibid. sequitur The authority and power of the Rabbins with their Rites of Creation 166. sequitur Their Degrees ibid. Their Schollers and Academies 167. Which of most reckoning ibidem Their glorious titles they giue to each other 168. When their first Morenu ibid. Compared to Iesuits 159. To Ignatius Loyola 158 Rabbins more exercised in their Talmud then in the Bible 157 Rabbinist Iewes 125 Rabbath chiefe Citie of the Amorites 86 Rach and Rachiophantae 57 Rakiah what it signifieth 8 Rainebow obseruations on the colours thereof 36. Called the child of Wonder ibid. It was before the Floud ibid. Raine of stones 295. Of Ashes Sand Haire 360 Raine seldome and vnwholesome in Aegypt 630 Raine warme and vnwholesome in Guinea 717 Raine turning into Wormes 805 the manner of raines in Peru 941 Raleigh viz. Sir Walter Raleigh his Discouery of Guiana 900 901. His Plantation in Virginia Vide Virginia His taking Saint Ioseph 907 Ramadan Festiuall moneth of the Sarazens 239. 240 Ramadam or Ramazam of the Mahumetans 263 Rambam or Rabbi Moses Ben Maimon his commendation 52 Authour of the Iewish Creed 171 Rams in Turkish Superstition 324 Golden Ram 350. Phryxus his Ram 347 Racing and Printing the flesh 876 Rats wonderfull great 565. Muske Rats 621. Many kindes of Rats 565 Raziel Adams teacher 161 Rebat a towne in the Kingdome of Fez 681 Rebecca