Urbane stirred up the Christians to make a Voyage into Asia at which time Jerusalem was recovered Prreaching or the first Sermon was by Moses when he had received the Ten Commandments he then assembled the people together and acquainted them with the will of God St. John the Baptist preached in the Wilderness of Jury and so did our Saviour himself and gave Authority to the Apostles and Disciples by special Commandment to do the same Prisons Fetters Stocks Gines Staves with the like Instruments to punish Malefactors Ancus Martius as Livy saith did first appoint them to keep men in Fear and good Order R RHETORICK Diodorus saith was invented by Mercury But Aristotle affirms that Epedocles was the first Author of the Oratorial Art We may be sure that not long after men were Formed they received from God the use of Speech wherein when they perceived some words to be profitable and some to be hurtful in uttering of them they appointed and compiled an Art of Speech or communication called Rhetorick Rome was the Seat of Eloquence where it was never forbidden but in process of time as it was found to be profitable honest was had in such high estimation and so many partly for their defence Glory and Ambition employed their studies in it with such earnest endeavours that very many of the Commonalty were promoted into the degree of Senatours and atchieved much honour by it Cornx and Thisias being Sicilians gave the first precepts in Writing of this Science and their Counthey-man Leontinus Gorgias succeeded them Demosthenes was the principal amongst the Grecians amongst the Romans M. Tullius Cicero who had no fellow Now as touching the effect and property of it there are in it as Cicero writes five parts first to invent Matter to speak then for him that is to deliver his speech formally to order his devices next to polish it and furnish it with Elegant terms and choise words and to have his speech and oration in perfect memory and last of all to utter and express it with a comely gesture and posture in such a manner as to delight with the convenient and pleasant treatableness of it which should as it were teach and plainly declare the things and move the passions and affections of the Auditors and Judges either to pitty or favour or if the cause permit or time require to excite them either to mirth or to a grave severity as the occasion shall require In terms of this faculty we make this difference we call him that defendeth matters and pleadeth causes an orator A Rhetorition is he that teacheth and professeth to be a School master in that Art A Declamater he that is employed in feigned causes either for his own exercise or to instruct others therein Reliques were first instituted by Cletus and Anacletus Bishops of Rome who seriously went about to reverence those Martyrs whose innocent Blood was spent for Gods cause To this purpose they appointed a place where the Martyrs should severally have their Sepulchers apart from the Lay People and by decree he was denounced accursed and sacreligious that by word or deed hindred mens devotions from visiting the Tombs of the Apostles Upon this institution Calistus the first Builded a Church beyond Tyber a Church in honour of our Lady and Constantine the Emperour edified to St. Peter St. Paul and St. Lawrence Temples This matter was by Gregory the Saint set forward to encrease Devotion for he appointed the Lettanies of Saints with Ora pro nobis to be sung with Masses on Solemn dayes in the chief Temples of the City promising them that repaired thither at such Solemn Feasts Remission of their Sins by his Pardon Ringing of Bells were first ordained by Sabinianus that the people might be assembled together to hear Divine Service at certain hours of the day and John the 22d decreed that Bells should be tolled every day three times Morning or Evening that every one should say three times the Ave-Maria Royal Ornaments of the Romans were Fardels of Rods the Axe the Garland of Gold the Chaire of Ivory the Kyrtil or Cope Charriots Trapped Horses Mantles of State Embroidered Gowns with all other Royal Apparel the Tuscanes were very early in their choice of rich Habits whom Tarquinius Priscus subdued Rome hath been taken Eight times First by the Gaules under the conduct of Captain Brennus the year of the Foundation of the City 365 and the year of the World 4835 and the year before Christ 364. This Brennus is by the Brittaine and English Chronicles reported to have been a Brittain and Brother to Belinus King of Brittain but neither the Chronicles of Rome nor of Gaule do express any such matter Rome was the Second time taken by Alaricke King of the Gothes after he had held his Seige before it for the space of two years Which befell the year of the Foundation of the City 1164 the year of our Lord 412 and the 25 year of the Emperour Honorius It is written in the Chronicles of Constantinople and in other Histories that as Alarick being a Christian Marched with his Host towards Rome a certain Monke of a Holy Life came to him who having Audience admonished and councelled him to break off that evil purpose and to remember that he was a Christian and that for Gods sake he would moderate his Wrath and that he would not take pleasure in the shedding of Christian Blood since that Rome had not in the least respect offended him unto whom Alricke answered thou must understand Man of God that it proceedeth not of mine own will that I goe against Rome but contrarily I le assure thee that every day there commeth unto me a Man which constraineth and importuneth me thereunto saying unto me hasten thee go against Rome destroy it utterly and make it desolate At which words the Religious Man being astonished durst not reply and so the King persued his enterprise Rome was Thirdly taken by Genserick King of the Vandals the year of the Foundation of the City 1208 the year of Christ 456 who Sacked and Burnt it in many places this was in the Emperour Marcians time Rome was Fourthly taken by Totila King of the Goths who because he could not obtain peace of the Emperour Justinian commanded the Citizins to avoid the City and afterwards burnt and sacked all the whole City defaced the Walls and the Capitol and rendred it almost desolate insomuch that it could never since be repaired according to the first Form although a while after Bellisarius Peopled and repaired a Great part thereof And recalling the old Inhabitants very much Fortifyed and Strengthened the Walls This desolation happened the year after the Foundation of the City 1300 after Christ 548 in the 21st year of the Emperer Justinian Rome was the Fifth time taken by the same Totila King of the Goths after that Belisarius had repeopled and repaired it It was the Sixth time taken by the Moores and Sarazens followers of Mahomet
Poets Rhetoricians disputations of Phylosophers The manner was there to proclaim Wars and enter Leagues of Peace the reward of the Victor was a Garland of Olives The second Shews were those called Pythia which were in honour of Apollo in memorial of his vanquishing of the great Dragon Pytho that was sent by Juno to persecute his Mother Latona The third Game was the Isthiny devised by Theseus in the worship of his Father Neptune environed with a dark Wood of Birch Trees they that won the Victory had a Garland of Pine Tree The fourth was the Nemei named of the Forrest of Nemea This Feast those of Argos kept solemnly in reverence of Hercules that slew the mighty Lyon whose Skin he wore for a Coat of Armour Pyrrhus Dance was a Dance that the Lacedemonians practised with Youth as soon as they came to be five years of Age as a prepairation to greater affairs in War It was first instituted in Creet by one of the Sybills Priests they Danced in Armour and with Weapons on Horse-back Naked Games were invented by Lycaon Funeral Playes by Acastus Wrestling by Merany Dice Tables Tennis and Cards were found out by the Lidians a people in Asia and began neither for Gain nor Pleasure but for the good of the Common-wealth For there being a very great Dearth and want of Provision in the Countrey so that the people having not enough to supply their necessities were forced one day to take their Meat moderately and another day by course they applyed themselves to such sports to drive away the tediousness of the Famine Chesse was invented in the year 3635 by a certain wise Man named Xerxes to shew to a Tyrant that Majesty and Authority without strength and assistance without the help of Men and Subjects was casuall to many calamities There is a Game also that is play'd with the Postem-bone of the hinder Foot of a Sheep Goat Fallow or a Red Dear it hath four chances the Ace-point and he that cast that laid down a Penny or as much as was concluded by the Gamesters the other side was called Vetus and he that threw it won Six or as much as was laid down before the other two sides were called Chius and Senio he that threw Chius was three and he that threw Senior was four Some ascribe the finding out of Cards and Chessa to Palamades H HERBS doubtless Nature the Mother and Governess of all things as saith a Learned Author did produce Herbs as may appear by many examples partly for the delection and partly for the health and preservations of Men's Bodies Axanthus an Histiographer as Pliny recordeth writes how a Dragon revived his young Faun that was slain by vertue of an Herb called Balin and the Hechewall t is reported of her if a Wedge be driven into the hole of her Nest for she maketh her Nest in the hollow or hole of a Tree that she worketh with her Beake till she makes it fall out with an Herb that she geteth for that purpose t is not to be disputed but that some of the Indians at this day live only by Herbs Appianus writeth that the Parthians which Anthony put to flight constrained by extream Famine they chanced to eat a certain Herb whose nature was to make them that eat it to forget all other things and only to dig up stones as if they would do some great matters but after some extream Labour they dyed Though we acknowledge an inexpressible virtue to be in Herbs not to discourse further of such strange or wonderful stories we shall only express that most Authors agree that Chyron Son to Saturnus was the first inventer of such Medicines as were made with Herbs The Hebrew Letters which are now in use according to St. Hierom's opinion were invented and devised by Esdras For before that time the Hebrews and the Samant's used all one Characters The Harp It is said to have been found by Mercury who as he walked by the River Nylus after an Ebb he found a Tortoise all withered and nothing remaining but the Sinnews which as he fortuned to strike on them made a certain sound after the form of which he fashioned a Harp and according to the three times of the years Summer Winter and Spring he put to it three strings a Treble a Base and a Mean This Instrument he gave to Appollo and Appollo delivered it to Orpheus some think Amphion found it I find that the Harp hath seven strings to resemble the seven Daughters of Atlas whereof Mara Mercury his Mother was one And then after that were the other two added to represent the nine Muses Some referr the Original of the Harp and Pipe to Appollo for his Image in Delos as they write had in the right Hand a Bow in the left the Goddesses of Favour whereof one had a Harp another a Shalume the third a Pipe Husbandry was invented amongst the Aegyptians by Dionysias amongst the Greeks by Triptolemus In Italy by Saturn though Virgil will have Ceres to be the first inventer of it Pilulnus taught them to Bake and Grind Triptolemus and Briges the Athenian were the inventers of the Plough and Dionisius was the first that Yoaked Oxen to draw it Instruments of Husbandry were first invented by Ceres Wine was found out by Dionisius for he is said first to perceive the Nature of the Wine and that he taught men how to make use of it and to press the Wine out of the Grape Others say that Icarius the Father of Penelope found it out first in Athens who was afterwards slain by the Husbandmen when they were Drunk Dencalion first found out the Wine above Mount Aeina in Sicilic Aruntus a Tyrant being Banished out of his Countrey by Lucimon whom he had bred up of a Child carried Wine first into France Wine Taverns were first set up by the Lydians a People of Asia Stophilus was the first that informed men to mingle Wine with Water Ale is said also to have been invented by Bacchus who taught it to the Northern Nations to supply the want of Wine In Greece Pallas found out the Olive and the way of making Oyl Aristeus gathered the Curds of Milk and made Cheese he found out the way also of making Honey Cherry Trees were brought out of Pontus by Lucullus the year of the City 680 Zizipha and Tuberes two kinds of Apple Trees St. Papinins conveyed out of Syria and Affrick into Italy in the time of Augustus Histories of all other writings are the most commendable because they inform all sorts of People with notable examples of living and do excite those that are Noble to pursue such heroical enterprises as they read to have been done by their Ancestors and also they do discourage and Lame wicked Persons from attempting any hainous deeds or crime knowing that such acts shall be registred in perpetual memory to the honour or infamy of the doers according to the desert or undesert of their
endeavours Pliny says that Cadmus Milesius first writ Histories amongst the Grecians which contain the Actions of Cyrus King of Persia Albeit Josephus supposeth it to be probable that Histories were begun by the old writers of the Hebrews as in the time of Moses who wrote the Lives of many of the most ancient Hebrews and the Creation of the World or else to the Priests of Aegypt and Babylon For the Aegyptians and Babylonians have been reputed of a long continuance the most diligent writers in so much that their Priests were appointed for that purpose to preserve things that were worthy to be had in memory Hunting and Fishing the Phenecians first found out Warrens and Parks were made first by Fulvius Hirpinus and now they are every where in use I am sure too much in England to the so great damage of Pastures that might Feed other Cattle more benificial to the Common-wealth I IRON and BRAS as Strabo writes a certain People named Thelchines first wrought on The Smiths Forge some think the Calybians found and some suppose they were the Cyclops Vulcans Smugs which first used the Smiths craft Diodorus is of opinion that the Iclei Dactyli and Vulcan were the first inventers of Iron and of all Mettalls that are wrought with the Fire Sothering of Iron Glancus found But as I take it that all these before named sound the use of such things in their own Countries For t is not to be questioned but that the use of all such Mettalls was perceived in the beginning of the World by Tubal-cain which was Son to Lamech expert and exercised in the Smiths craft Clement referreth the tempering of Iron to Delas The institution of the Anointing of Kings and Priests was to signify that they were especially favoured of God and like as Oyl lyeth aloft in the Water or other Liquor so the Office of a Priest and Dignity of a Prince surmounts all other degrees of Ministers both in the active and also contemplative life When Moses had builded the Tabernacle he was commanded to make a confection of holy Oyntment wherewith both the work and vessels of Priests and also of Kings which were called to that Office or Dignity ought to be Anointed so that it came to pass that the Anointing was the very token and difference whereby Kings were known amongst the Hebrews as the Emperours in Rome were known by their Purple Robes Aaron and his Sons were the first Anointed Priests and Samuel Anointed Saul first King over Israel and so consequently it grew into a custome that Priests and Kings were Anointed L THe Law is a constant and perpetual good thing without which no House no Citty no Countrey no Estates of Men no Natural Creature nor the World it self can consist firm and stable For it obeyeth God and all other things Aire Water Land and Men are in obedience to it Chrysippus calleth it a knowledge of all Divine and Humane Affairs commanding equity and expulsing wickedness and wrong There are of Laws three kinds one Natural that is not only appropriated to man but also it concerneth all other living things either in the Earth Sea or Aire as we perceive in all kinds of living Creatures naturally a certain familiarity of Male and Female procreation of Kind and a proclinity to nourish the same the which proceedeth from a Natural Law engrafted in them Nature her self that is God was the Author of this The second is Named the Law which all men use generally throughout the World as to shew a man the way to communicate to men the commodity of the Elements Water and Aire to this kind appertaineth the Law of Armes and it is called in Latine Ius Gentium-Civil Law is of every Country or Citty as of the Romans Lacedemonians Athenians c. This consisteth in decrees of Princes Statutes and Proclamations The chief and principal Laws were promulgate by God confirmed after the most pure and perfect manner stable constant and subject to no transmutation After the example of these Man hath invented Laws to defend and preserve good men and to punish and keep wicked Persons in good Order Such Laws Ceres made first as Diodonus writes but others suppose it to be Rhadamantus and afterwards others in divers Countreys devised and ordained Laws as in Athens Draco and Solon in Aegypt Mercury in Creet Minos in Lacedemonia curgus in Tyre Tharandus in Argos Phoroneus in Rome Romulus in Iltaly Pythagoras or after the mind of Dionisius the Arcadians that were under Evander as their Soveraign Lord and chief Captain Notwithstanding the very true Author of Laws is God which as hath been said first planted in us the Law of Nature and when it was corrupted by Adam and his posterity he gave the Written Law by Moses to reduce us again to our first state and true instinct of Nature which was before all other as Eusebius declaireth Lotts the casting of them Numerius Suffusius devised first at Preneste Looking-Glasses of Silver were invented by Praxiteles in the time of Pompey the Great there were also invented Looking-Glasses of Steel Lead Christal-Glass which one Sydon is reported to have been the first inventer of Glass was found out in Phenicia being ingendered in the River which is called Belus and it happened on this occasion A Merchants Ship being fraighted with Salt-peter came to that place and as they were prepairing their Meat on the Sands they could not find Stones to bear up their Vessels so that they were fain to lay great pieces of Nitre under them which being set on Fire and mingling with the Sand there appeared great flakes of melted Glass Lamps and Hanging Lights began of the Candles that Moses set up to burn in the Tabernacle Laws of Mourning of Obit's Funeral Exequies that are performed over dead Bodyes were the institution of Polugius although Isidore ascribeth the Original of it to the Apostles and he himself did augment the Rites that we use at this time Ambrose supposeth that Mourning proceeded from the Custom of the Hebrews which Lamented Jacob Forty days and Moses the space of Thirty days for that time was but counted sufficient for the Wife to weep in It was also the custom of the antient Romans to mourn For Numa Pompilius assigned Oblations to the Infernal Gods for the dead and did inhibite that a Child under the age of three years should be bewailed and that the elder sort should be mourned no more months then he had lived if any were married within that space again it was counted for a great reproach Wherefore Numa ordained that such as left of Mourning before the day limited should offer a Cow that was great with calf for expiation If that Rite were used now adayes and namely in England we should have small store of Veals there be so many that Marry within the space of time prescribed Plutarch writeth that the Women in their Mourning laid aside all Purple Gold and Sumptuous or rich Apparral and were cloathed
first to play on them Pan found out the Pipe of small Reed to delight and please his Mistress Syrinx Timarias was the first that playd on the Harp and Lute with Ditties and Amphion was the first that sung to the Lute The Troglodites a People of Aethiopia were the first that found out the Dulcimer Pises a Tyrrhen or Tuscan found out the brazen Trumpet and the Tuscans were the first that used it in War Others say that it was Dyrcaeus an Athenian who taught it the Lacedemonians who maintaining a long War against the Messenians had this answer from the Oracle of Appollo that if they would win the field they must have a Captain of Athens The Athenians in despight sent them Dyrcaeus a lame fellow with one eye who notwithstanding did receive him and made use of his Counsel who taught them to play on Trumpets which were so dreadful to the Messenians because of the strangness of the noise that they fled and so the Lacedemonians became immediately Victorious The Arcadians were the first that brought Musical Instruments into Italy and some do write that the Lacedemonians in War did use Clarions Shalms Rebecks to the intent that when they were ready to sight they might be kept in better order Halyalies King of the Lydians had in the battell against the Milesians Pipers and Fidlers playing together the Cretians when they went to War had Lutes going before them to Moderate their pace Magick took its beginning from Phisick and was the invention of Zoroastes King of the Bacthrians who raigned eight hundred years after the Seige of Troy The same time that Abraham and Ninus raigned about three Thousand one Hundred Fourscore and five Years after the Creation of the World Lactantius and Eusebius think it was set forth amongst other divelish Sciences by the evil Spirits and Pliny calleth it of all the Arts the most deceiptful It is compacted of Phisick superstition and the Mathematical Arts. The Thessalians were especially accused with the frequent use of this practice the first Writers of this Art were said to be Hosthunes Pythagoras Empedocles Democritus Plato who with divers others Sailed into far Countries to learn it Wherein Democritus was reported to have been the most famous three hundred years after the City was builded in which time Hippocrates published the Art of Phisick The Monks those of Olivet sprung up as a Fruit of disorder the same year that the variance was amongst three Bishops and were instituted by Barnardus Ptolomeus the year of our Lord 1407. under Gregory the 12th The faction of Grandimonsers began by Steven of Anern in Aquitane or Guyen the year of our Lord 1076 under Alexander the Second and had their Title of the Mountain where their Abbey stood A little after the same time Robert Abbot of Molisme in Cisterium a Forrest in Burgundy did insinuate the order of Cistercians though some ascribe it to one Ordingus a Monk that perswaded Robert to the same about the year of our Lord 1098. under Urbane the Second of this order was the great Clark St. Bernard The other orders of them as also of the Hieronymians Canons White-Friers Crouch-Friers to mention them as they are so numerous would be too tedious Martyrs of them our Saviour Christ was the first Witness and was incarnate to be so for the Truth he had for his Blessed and True Testimony the envy of the Jews insomuch that they persecuted him to the vile Death of the Cross for his most sacred record and report of the Truth and they did no less persue the Apostles and Messengers of the Truth For when they following the Example of their Master did openly declare the word of Truth and namely Peter did sorely rebuke the wickedness of the Jews for putting to Death our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ the Author of Life advertising of them to repent and amend The Jews were so furious that they Murthered Stephen as the Acts of the Apostles testifies because he was a Fervent and Zealous Witness of the Truth This Stephen did two years continually after Christs Death dispute with all the Learned men of Alexandria Cyrene Cilicia and Asia and by Heavenly Wisdome confounded all their Worldly Reason and Humane Learning for which they were so poisoned with Malice against him that they violently Thrust him out of the Citty and then cruelly stoned him to Death Thus Stephen was the first open maintainer and defender of our Christian Religion Afterwards St. Luke the Evangilist found such bitter and sharp persecutions did burst out against the Christians that were in Jerusalem that they were enforced to stray abroad and were scattered throughout all Jewry and Samaria saving that the Apostles remained and Sojourned at Jerusalem Notwithstanding this persecution was a great furtherance of the Gospel by reason they ceased not but Preached still the Word every where to the great advance and augmentation of the number of the Faithfull Amongst the Heathen Nations Nero in the 13th year of his Reign was the first that persecuted our Religion universally and put St. Peter and St. Paul to Death and consequently many other Innocents were slain cruelly For out of a Bloody mind he had he could not spare his own Countrey but either for displeasure of the ruinous Houses which he was exasperated to behold or else desirous to see a resemblance of the Burning of Troy he set on fire the most part of the Citty of Rome with so huge a flame that it burnt six Days and six Nights continually to the Impoverishing of many Thousands of the Cittizens Then to mitigate that shamefull and abominable Crime he forged false Witnesses that the Christians were guilty of that Enormious Fact and so Thousands of Innocents for Religion were most cruelly put to Death for the Tyrants pleasure and to obdurate and harden himself in mischief he proclaimed an open Persecution against all that professed the Name of Christ Not long after Domitian in the 12th year of his Reign renewed another Persecution he caused St. John to be put into a Vessel of burning Oyl whereof he received no hurt Trjan raised a third The fourth Marcus Antonius Lucius Anrelius Commodus stirred up The fifth Persecution was under the Emperour Severus Maximinius procured the sixth Decius the seventh The eighth Valerius The ninth began under the Emperour Aurelianus The tenth was by the Command of the Emperour Dioclesian and Maximianus Herculeus this Persecution was far more cruell and general then any of the rest insomuch that Dioclesian in the occient and Maximinian in the occident destroyed all the Churches and tormented the Christians with most horrid Cruelties The Books of Scripture were Burned Churches plucked down Christian Magistrates that were in any Office were deposed Souldiers were enforced to deny their Faith or else to be deprived of their Estates or loose their Lives Neither were the three cruel Tyrants Mezentius Licinus and Maximinianus behind for their parts but were as insatiate for Christian Blood As
Marcus Tuditanus being Consuls set forth the first Enterlude or Fable a year before Ennius was Born Before those days it was so despicaple that if one had professed himself to be a Poet he was imagined to be as bad as a Murtherer The Author of Meter was Almighty God who proportioned the World with a certain order as it were a Meter For there is none as Pythagoras taught that can possibly doubt but that there is in things Heavenly Earthly a kind of Harmony unless it were govern'd with a formal concord and described number how could it so long continue all other instruments that we poscess are all fashioned by a manner of Measure Diodorus assigneth the invention of Meter which the Poets by a Spiritual influence used in their Works to Jupiter to the Almighty God Of Meters there are divers kinds that have their Name either of the thing that is described therein as Heroical Meter is so called of the Wars of Noble men that are conteined in it wherein also Appollo gave his Oracles therefore Pliny saith we have that Meter of Pythius Oracle or of the inventour as Aesclepiadicall or of the quantity of Jambicks because it consisteth of a short and long which Archilocus first invented of the number of Feet as Hexameter and Pentameter which is also called Elegaical The Shepards Song Daphus the Son of Mercury was first expert in others in process of time made a further progress in this Art Prose as Pliny expresses was first writ by Phiresides a Syrian in the time of King Cyrus For t is not to be questioned but that he that write Histories write also Pross first and Pheresides was long after Moses which was 688 years after Joatham King of the Jews In whose time the Olympiads began and this Pheresides as Eusebius writes was but in the first Olympiad Pope Jone she was after the time of Charles the Great in the year from the Birth of Christ 154. She Governed the Apostolical Seat two years some months and dayes she held this for a Maxime Nascitur indigne per quem non nascitur alter Indigne vinit per quem non vinit et alter The Purple Colour was found as Pollux writeth upon this occasion Herades being in Love with a Beautiful Lady named Tyro as he walked by a Sea Cliffe his Grey-hound chanced to find a Shee l called a Purple and when he had crackt it with his strong Teeth the orient colour of the Blood remained on his Snout which flesh pleasant colour the Lady espying threatned Hercules that she would never admit him to injoy her untell he brought her a Cloath dyed with that precious colour Hercules willing to accomplish his Ladies desire got the Purple Fish and carried the Blood to his Soveraign Lady And after this manner the Purple colour first began amongst the Tyrians The Emperours of Rome were the first that wore the Purple Robes which have since been so honoured by Princes so as it is now accounted for the Royal colour Pardons were first proclaimed by St. Gregory This seed Sown by him grew to a ripe Harvest in the time of Boniface the Ninth who Reaped much Money for that Chaffe Parishes after that the Priesthood was ordained both least the care should be overgreat and also that every man might know what his charge was and how far his Office extended Dionisius in the year of our Lord 267 devised both in Rome and other places Churches Church-Yards and Parishes to Curats and Diocesses to Bishops and commanded that every one should be contented with his prescript bounds Phylosophy which Tully calleth the studdy of Wisdome the searcher of Virtue and expulser of Vice according to divers opinions was brought first out of Barbary into Greece by Persia the Magi for so they called their Wise men that excelled in Knowledge in Asia the Chaldees in India the Gymsophists so called because they went Naked of which Faction one Budas was chief In France the Druider in Phenice Ochus in Thrace Xamolxis and Orpheus in Libia Atlas The Aegyptians affirm that Vulcanus the Son of Nylus found the first principles of Phylosophy Lacertus Writes that Phylosophy began in Greece that Maseas and Linus were the first Learned men but Eusebius will have it that Phylosophy like all other Sciences sprung amongst the Hebrews and from them the Greek Phylosophers which were a Thousand years after Moses which derived their Knowledge from them Phylosophy the Name of it was not used amongst them till the time of Pythagoras for he called himself a Phylosopher and the studdy of Wisdome Phylosophy whereas formerly it was named Wisdome and they that professed it had the Title of Wise men There are three parts of it one called Natural another Moral and the faculty of disputing called Logick The Natural is of the World and the contents thereof which Arthelaus brought out of Jonia into Athens Moral reformeth the Life and Manners of men this part Socrates traduced from Heavenly things to the use of Life to discern good and bad Logick inventeth reason on both parts it was first said to have been found out by Zeno Eliates others devide Phylosophy into Five parts Natural Supernatural Moral Mathematical and Logick The Potters Craft that worketh things in Clay and Earth Chotibus an Athenian is said first to have invented as Pliny Writes in his seventh Book but in his Thirty-fifth Book he ascribeth the Original of it to Dibutades at Corinth whom he saith by the help of his Daughter invented this Art who after she understood that her Lover was to depart into a strange Nation for the tender Love that she bore to him she drew his Image on a Wall after the form of his shaddow by Candle-light which her Father filled and Fashioned with Clay and made it into a figure and resemblance of his Body and dryed it with the fire and set it in the common Hot-house where the Maids and Women kept their Baths and there it remained till Mummius destroyed Corinth Demeratus Father to Tarquinius Priscus King of the Romans first brought it into Italy Lisistratus a Serenian invented the making of Moulds and found the way to work Images in them The Potters Wheel or Frame as Ephorus writes Anacharsis a Phylosopher of the Countrey of Scythia invented The chief Work-men in this Art were said to have been Demopholus and Gorgosus Prayer was from the Beginning Abel prayed Noah Abraham Isaack and Jacob with other Patriarcks fought God by prayer in all their doubtful affaires and gave thanks for the good atchieving of them Moses and Aaron with others as Anna the Wife of Helcanah gave us an example of Prayer But Christ is the first that shewed us any special form of prayer as appeareth in the Gospel of St. Matthew There were devised by one Petrus Heremita of the City of Amiens Beads to say the Ladys Psalters on in the year of our Lord 1090. The same Peter the Hermit was the occasion that Pope
in his Law which in great Multitudes came into Italy and in the year of our Lord 333 Gregory the Fourth then fitting in Rome and governing the Empire Lewis the First beseiged it took and Sacked the City prophaning the Temple of St. Peter Lading their Ships with Plunder and Prisoners Rome was the Seventh time taken by Henry the Fourth of that name Emperour of Germany Gregory the Seventh then sitting in the Chaire this time Rome was also most cruelly Destroyed by reason that both the Armies of the Pope and the Emperour Skirmished and Fought for a long time within the City and the Capitoll which was then again repaired this was in the year of our Lord 1082 Anthony writes that Rome was very much endamaged at this time also by reason of the lamentable execution performed by the Normans on the Popes side and the Germans for the Emperour Rome was last taken by Charles Duke of Bourboun who being slain as he scaled the Walls at the first Assault the Souldiers being without a head in revenge committed all manner of Enormities and Barbarous cruelties saving that they burnt not the Churches though they spoiled and robbed them without any consideration of their Holiness For a great part of the Army were Germans and most of the Germans Lutherians this ruine happened in the year of our Saviour 1527 Clement the Seventh then sitting in the Chair S A SATYRE is a Poem that sharply rebuketh Vice not regarding of any Persons There are two kinds of Satyrs the one which was both amongst the Greeks and Romans in Antient times used for the diversity of Meters much like a Comedy but that it is more wanton Demetrius of Tharsus and one Menipus a bond-man whom Marcus Varro did counterfeit were expert in this way of writing The Second manner of Writing of Satyres was railing only ordained to enveigh against Vice they were devised of the Romans upon this occasion When the Poets that wrote the old Comedies used to handle for their Arguments not only feigned matters but also things really done which although at the first was tollerable yet afterwards by reason that they were so sharp and bitter against every one that they pleased to have a fling at there was a Law made that no man should afterwards reprehend any person by name The Romans in the place of these Comedies substituted such Satyres as they had newly invented afterwards began the new Comedi which concernes generally all men of mean estat and hath less bitterness and railing but is more pleasant and full of pastime for the Auditors Of these Comedies Menander and Philemon were Authors who abated of the tartness and crabbedness of the old writings of them Caecilus Nevius Plautus and Terentius learned to compile Comedies although as Quintilian will have it they never arrived to the least proportion of their Patrons because as he writes they never attained to the least proportion of their Patrons because the Latin tongue is not so fit to receive the Ornaments of Eloquence as the Greek tongue is The Satyres had the names of Barbarian Gods that were Rude Lascivious and Wanton in behaviour In this form of writing Lucilius Horatius Persius Juvanal were the most eminent The Twelve Sybils the First was of Persia named Samberta or Persica She amongst other Prophesies said The Wombe of the Virgin shall be the Salvation of the Gentiles The Second was of Lybica one of her Prophesyes was The day shall come that men shall see the King of all living things and a Virgin Lady of the World shall hold him in her Lap. The Third was Themis surnamed Delphica for that she was Born and Prophesied at Delphos Her Predictions was A Prophet shall be Born of a Virgin The Fourth was Cumaea born at Cimeria a City of Campania in Italy she Prophesied that God should be Born of a Virgin and converse amongst Sinners The Eifth was Famous Erythrea who had her Birth at Babylon who more especially Prophesied a great part of our Christian Religion in certain Verses recited by Eusebius the first Letters of every of which Verses being put together make the words Jesus Christ Son of God Saviour These Verses were Translated into Latine by St. Austine Lib. 18. and the 23 in his Book de Cinitate Dei the substance whereof followeth The Earth shall sweat the signs of Judgment From Heaven shall come a King which shall Reign for ever that is to say in humane Flesh to the end that by his presence he shall judge the World so the unfaithful as well as the faithful shall see God with their eyes aloft amongst his Saints and in the end of the World the Souls of Men with their Bodies shall appear whom he shall judge when the roundness of the Earth untiled shall be full of Clods of Earth and Grass Men shall cast away their Idols and all their precious Jewels the World shall be consumed with fire he shall peirce the inferiour parts and break the Gates of Hell then to the flesh of Saints shall be given free and clear Light and the evil shall be burned with Eternal fire all Secrets shall be opened and every one shall know the secret of his Neighbour and God shall discover the Consciences and Hearts of all men then shall there be Lamentation and gnashing of Teeth the Sun and the Stars shall loose their Light the Firmament shall be dissolved and the Moon shall be darkned the Mountains shall be thrown down and the Valleys shall be made equal with them there shall be nothing in the World higher then another Mountains and Valleys shall be made plain all things shall cease and the Earth shall be dryed unto powder and dust the Fountains and Rivers shall be burned likewise Then shall a Trumpet sound from Heaven Divers other things were Prophesied by this Sybil and because they were obscure and therefore not to be comprehended by the Gentiles before they came to pass she said they shall think me a false and blind Prophetess but when that they shall see these things accomplished they will remember me and call me not false Prophetess but the Prophetess of the Almighty God The Sixt was Samia Born in the Isle of Samos she said he being rich shall be Born of a poor Maid the Creatures of the Earth shall adore him and praise him for ever The Seventh was called Cumana because she prophesied at Cumas a Town of Campania in Italy her prophesie was that he should come from Heaven and reign here in poverty he should Rule in silence and be Born of a Virgin She is affirmed to have Written nine Books of the Sybils they were all presented by an old Woman to Tarquinius Superbus but he not willing to pay so great a Sum of Money as was demanded denied them whereupon the old woman being vexed Burned three of them requiring as much Money for the other six as for all which being denied she also Burned the other three asking as much for