title_n of_o aber_n gavenni_n upon_o which_o the_o majority_n of_o voice_n give_v it_o the_o heir-male_a and_o when_o he_o have_v again_o propose_v whether_o the_o title_n of_o baron_fw-fr le_fw-fr despenser_n despenser_n baroness_n le_fw-fr despenser_n shall_v be_v confer_v on_o the_o female_a and_o her_o heir_n they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o it_o to_o which_o his_o majesty_n give_v his_o royal_a assent_n and_o edward_n nevil_n be_v soon_o after_o summon_v to_o parliament_n by_o the_o king_n be_v write_v under_o the_o title_n of_o baron_n of_o abergavenni_a and_o be_v according_a to_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n introduce_v in_o his_o parliament-robe_n between_o two_o baron_n he_o be_v place_v above_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr audeley_n at_o the_o same_o time_n also_o the_o king_n patent_n be_v read_v before_o the_o peer_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n restore_v raise_v prefer_v etc._n etc._n marry_o fane_n to_o the_o state_n degree_n title_n stile_n name_n honour_n and_o dignity_n of_o baroness_n le_fw-fr despenser_n despenser_n baroness_n le_fw-fr despenser_n and_o that_o her_o heir_n successive_o shall_v be_v barens_fw-la le_fw-fr despenser_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o question_n of_o precedency_n be_v propose_v the_o peer_n refer_v the_o decision_n thereof_o to_o the_o commissioner_n for_o the_o office_n of_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n who_o sign_v their_o verdict_n for_o the_o barony_n of_o le_fw-fr despenser_n this_o be_v read_v before_o the_o peer_n and_o by_o their_o order_n register_v in_o the_o parliament_n diary_n out_o of_o which_o i_o have_v take_v this_o account_n in_o short_a what_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v be_v that_o john_n hastings_n hold_v this_o castle_n by_o homage_n ward_n and_o marriage_n 2._o 6_o edw._n 2._o when_o it_o happen_v as_o we_o read_v in_o the_o inquisition_n and_o if_o there_o shall_v chance_v any_o war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o ought_v to_o defend_v the_o country_n of_o over-went_a at_o his_o own_o charge_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n for_o the_o good_a of_o himself_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n the_o second_o town_n call_v by_o antoninus_n burrium_n burrium_n burrium_n who_o place_n it_o 12_o mile_n from_o gobannium_n be_v seat_v where_o the_o river_n byrdhin_n fall_v into_o usk._n it_o be_v call_v now_o in_o british_a by_o a_o transposition_n of_o letter_n brynbiga_n for_o burenbegi_fw-la and_o also_o kaer-ŵysk_a by_o giraldus_n castrum_n oskae_n and_o in_o english_a usk._n usk._n usk._n it_o show_v now_o only_a the_o ruin_n of_o a_o large_a strong_a castle_n pleasant_o seat_v between_o the_o river_n usk_n and_o oilwy_a a_o small_a brook_n which_o take_v its_o course_n from_o the_o east_n by_o ragland_n a_o stately_a castle-like_a house_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o worcester_n and_o pass_v under_o it_o the_o three_o city_n call_v by_o antoninus_n isca_n isca_n isca_n and_o legio_n secunda_fw-la seat_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n usk_n and_o distant_a as_o he_o observe_v exact_o 12_o italian_a mile_n from_o burrium_n be_v câ—lled_v by_o the_o britain_n kaer_n lheion_n and_o kaer_n lheion_n be_v ŵysk_v wysk_v kaer_n lheion_n be_v wysk_v which_o signify_v the_o city_n of_o the_o legion_n on_o the_o river_n usk_n from_o the_o legio_n secunda_fw-la augusta_n call_v also_o britannica_fw-la secunda_fw-la this_o legion_n institute_v by_o augustus_n and_o translate_v out_o of_o germany_n into_o britain_n by_o claudius_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o vespasian_n to_o who_o upon_o his_o aspire_n to_o the_o empire_n it_o prove_v serviceable_a and_o also_o secure_v he_o the_o british_a legion_n be_v place_v here_o at_o length_n by_o julius_n frontinus_n as_o seem_v probable_a in_o garrison_n against_o the_o silures_n how_o great_a a_o city_n this_o isca_n be_v at_o that_o time_n our_o giraldus_n inform_v we_o in_o his_o itinerary_n of_o wales_n a_o very_a ancient_a city_n this_o be_v say_v he_o and_o enjoy_v honourable_a privilege_n elegant_o build_v by_o the_o roman_n with_o enderoy_n with_o the_o circuit_n â—f_n 〈◊〉_d wall_n aâ—â—_n 3_o mile_n enderoy_n brick_n wall_n there_o be_v yet_o remain_v many_o footstep_n of_o its_o ancient_a splendour_n stately_a palace_n which_o former_o with_o their_o gild_a tile_n emulate_v the_o roman_a grandeur_n for_o that_o it_o be_v at_o first_o build_v by_o the_o roman_a nobility_n and_o adorn_v with_o sumptuous_a edifice_n a_o exceed_a high_a tower_n remarkable_a hot_a aâ—â—â—_n hot_a an._n 16â—â—_n hot_a baâ—â—s_n be_v dâ—â—â—vered_v 〈◊〉_d s._n julâ—aâ—_n the_o brâ—â—â—_n equilateâ—â—ly_a squâ—â—â—_n about_o 〈◊〉_d inch_n tâ—â—_n like_o thâ—â—_n at_o s._n aâ—â—â—â—_n mr._n aâ—â—â—_n bath_n ruin_n of_o ancient_a temple_n theatrical_a place_n encompass_v with_o stately_a wall_n which_o be_v partly_o yet_o stand_v subterraneous_a edifice_n be_v frequent_o meet_v with_o not_o only_o within_o the_o wall_n but_o also_o in_o the_o suburb_n aqueduct_n vault_n and_o which_o be_v well_o worth_a our_o observation_n hypocau_v or_o stove_n contrive_v with_o admirable_a artifice_n convey_v heat_n insensible_o through_o some_o very_a narrow_a vent_n on_o the_o side_n two_o very_o eminent_a and_o next_o to_o st._n alban_n and_o amphibalus_fw-la the_o chief_a protomartyr_n of_o britannia_n major_n lie_v entomb_v here_o where_o they_o be_v crown_v with_o martyrdom_n viz._n julius_n and_o aaron_n who_o have_v also_o church_n dedicate_v to_o they_o in_o this_o city_n for_o in_o ancient_a time_n there_o be_v three_o noble_a church_n here_o one_o of_o julius_n the_o martyr_n grace_v with_o a_o choir_n of_o nun_n devote_v to_o god_n service_n another_o dedicate_v to_o st._n aaron_n his_o companion_n ennoble_v with_o a_o excellent_a order_n of_o canon_n and_o the_o three_o honour_v with_o the_o metropolitan_a see_v of_o wales_n amphibalus_fw-la also_o teacher_n of_o st._n alban_n who_o sincere_o instruct_v he_o in_o the_o faith_n be_v bear_v here_o this_o city_n be_v excellent_o well_o seat_v on_o the_o navigable_a river_n usk_n and_o beautify_v with_o meadow_n and_o wood_n here_o the_o roman_a ambassador_n receive_v their_o audience_n at_o the_o illustrious_a court_n of_o that_o great_a king_n arthur_n and_o here_o also_o the_o archbishop_n dubricius_n resign_v that_o honour_n to_o david_n of_o menevia_n by_o translate_n the_o archiepiscopal_a see_v from_o this_o city_n thither_o thus_o far_o giraldus_n but_o in_o confirmation_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o place_n i_o have_v take_v care_n to_o add_v some_o ancient_a inscription_n late_o dig_v up_o there_o and_o communicate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o right_n reverend_a father_n in_o god_n francis_n godwin_n lord_n bishop_n of_o landaff_n a_o lover_n of_o venerable_a antiquity_n and_o all_o other_o good_a literature_n in_o the_o year_n 1602._o some_o labourer_n dig_v in_o a_o meadow_n adjoin_v find_v on_o a_o chequered_a pavement_n a_o statue_n of_o a_o person_n in_o a_o short-trussed_a habit_n with_o a_o quiver_n and_o arrow_n the_o head_n hands_z and_o foot_n break_v off_o and_o also_o the_o fragment_n of_o a_o altar_n with_o this_o inscription_n of_o fair_a large_a character_n about_o three_o inch_n long_o erect_v by_o haterianus_n lieutenant-general_n of_o augustus_n and_o propraetor_n of_o the_o province_n of_o cilicia_n 〈…〉_o haterianus_n leg_n aug_n pr._n pr._n provinc_fw-la cilic_fw-la the_o next_o year_n be_v discover_v also_o this_o inscription_n which_o show_v the_o statue_n before_o mention_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o goddess_n diana_n and_o that_o titus_n flavius_z posthumius_fw-la varus_n perhaps_o of_o the_o five_o cohort_n of_o the_o second_o legion_n have_v repair_v her_o temple_n restituit_fw-la temple_n id_fw-la est_fw-la titus_n flavius_z postumius_n varus_n quintae_fw-la cohortis_fw-la legionis_fw-la secundae_fw-la augustae_fw-la templum_n dianae_n restituit_fw-la t._n fl._n postumius_n varus_n v._o c._n leg_n templ_n dianae_n restitvit_fw-la also_o this_o votive_a altar_n out_o of_o which_o the_o name_n of_o the_o emperor_n *_o geta_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v raze_v when_o he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o brother_n antoninus_n bassianus_n 1â—5_n â—â—e_v phil._n â—â—ns_n 〈◊〉_d 1â—5_n and_o declare_v a_o enemy_n yet_o so_o as_o there_o be_v some_o shadow_n of_o the_o letter_n still_o remain_v consulibus_fw-la remain_v id_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_v augustorum_n nostrorum_fw-la severi_n &_o antonini_n &_o getae_n caesarum_fw-la publius_n saltienus_n publii_fw-la filius_fw-la maecia_n thalamus_n ex_fw-la hac_fw-la gente_fw-la aut_fw-la tribu_fw-la nempe_fw-la publ._n saltienus_n ortus_fw-la est_fw-la praefectus_fw-la legionis_fw-la secundae_fw-la augustae_fw-la c._n vampeiano_n &_o luciliano_n consulibus_fw-la pro_fw-la salute_n 210._o in_o print_a copy_n claudius_n pompeianus_n and_o lollianus_n avitus_n coss_n an._n chr._n 210._o augg_n n._n n._n severi_n et_fw-fr antonini_n et_fw-fr getae_n caes._n p._n saltienus_n p._n f._n maecia_n thalamus_n hadri_n praef_n leg_n ii_o aug._n c._n vampeiano_n et_fw-fr lucilian_n and_o this_o fragment_n of_o a_o very_a fair_a altar_n the_o inscription_n whereof_o may_v perhaps_o be_v thus_o supply_v
caelius_n he_o with_o the_o ruin_n and_o beggary_n of_o the_o legion_n during_o these_o quarrel_n and_o contention_n all_o sense_n of_o respect_n and_o deference_n be_v lose_v in_o the_o army_n at_o last_o the_o disorder_n be_v so_o great_a that_o trebellius_n be_v desert_v by_o the_o wing_n of_o his_o army_n and_o the_o cohort_n who_o go_v over_o to_o caelius_n and_o last_o revile_v and_o affront_v by_o the_o auxiliary_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v to_o vitellius_n notwithstanding_o the_o absence_n and_o removal_n of_o the_o consular_a lieutenant_n the_o province_n continue_v quiet_a and_o peaceable_a govern_v by_o the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o particular_a legion_n all_o of_o equal_a authority_n though_o caelius_n boldness_n gain_v he_o more_o sway_n than_o the_o rest_n during_o the_o civil_a war_n between_o galba_n otho_n and_o vitellius_n propraetor_n vectius_n polanus_fw-la propraetor_n vectius_n bolanus_n be_v send_v by_o vitellius_n to_o succeed_v he_o he_o make_v no_o reformation_n of_o discipline_n be_v as_o little_a troublesome_a to_o the_o enemy_n as_o his_o predecessor_n and_o as_o careless_a of_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o his_o army_n only_o this_o difference_n there_o be_v that_o bolanus_n be_v innocent_a and_o free_a from_o crime_n which_o may_v make_v he_o odious_a so_o that_o instead_o of_o awe_n and_o authority_n he_o have_v gain_v the_o love_n of_o his_o army_n and_o although_o vitellius_n send_v for_o some_o supply_n out_o of_o britain_n yet_o bolanus_n defer_v it_o upon_o a_o pretence_n that_o britain_n be_v not_o so_o well_o quiet_v as_o to_o admit_v it_o but_o soon_o after_o the_o great_a esteem_n of_o vespasian_n in_o this_o province_n induce_v britain_n to_o declare_v for_o he_o for_o he_o have_v command_v the_o second_o legion_n here_o under_o claudius_n and_o be_v eminent_a for_o his_o bravery_n and_o conduct_n yet_o this_o revolt_n be_v not_o without_o opposition_n from_o the_o other_o legion_n in_o which_o many_o captain_n and_o soldier_n be_v advance_v by_o vitellius_n be_v very_o loath_a to_o change_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v so_o well_o know_v among_o they_o the_o soldier_n of_o the_o fourteen_o legion_n call_v the_o conqueror_n of_o britain_n be_v remove_v from_o hence_o to_o the_o caspian_a war_n by_o nero_n and_o after_o as_o they_o side_v with_o otho_n defeat_v be_v send_v into_o britain_n again_o by_o vitellius_n but_o recall_v by_o mutianus_n during_o this_o civil_a war_n there_o be_v no_o mutiny_n in_o the_o british_a army_n and_o indeed_o in_o all_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o troop_n there_o be_v more_o peaceable_a and_o quiet_a than_o in_o any_o other_o province_n perhaps_o their_o distance_n and_o separation_n from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n by_o the_o ocean_n may_v cause_v it_o or_o possible_o by_o the_o many_o expedition_n they_o have_v make_v they_o may_v the_o less_o relish_v the_o entertainment_n of_o a_o enemy_n yet_o by_o these_o public_a dissension_n and_o the_o frequent_a news_n of_o they_o the_o britain_n upon_o venusius_n be_v instigation_n begin_v to_o think_v how_o they_o may_v shake_v off_o the_o yoke_n of_o that_o empire_n for_o beside_o a_o fierce_a heady_a temper_n that_o be_v natural_a to_o he_o and_o a_o hatred_n to_o the_o roman_n he_o be_v spur_v on_o in_o this_o attempt_n by_o a_o peculiar_a spite_n at_o his_o queen_n cartismandua_n cartismâ—â—dua_n cartismâ—â—dua_n cartismandua_n govern_v the_o brigantes_n noble_o descend_v and_o more_o powerful_a than_o ever_o since_o she_o have_v treacherous_o take_v king_n caractacus_n and_o do_v claudius_n caesar_n a_o kind_n of_o triumph_n by_o present_v he_o to_o that_o emperor_n for_o that_o famous_a show_n of_o caractacus_n to_o the_o people_n be_v a_o sort_n of_o triumph_n from_o hence_o grow_v riches_n and_o from_o they_o luxury_n so_o that_o despise_v her_o husband_n venusius_n and_o have_v intercept_v his_o relation_n she_o make_v vellocatus_n her_o husband_n armourbearer_n partner_n of_o her_o bed_n and_o throne_n the_o royal_a family_n be_v soon_o shake_v with_o this_o wickedness_n the_o city_n adhere_v to_o the_o husband_n and_o the_o queen_n lust_n and_o cruelty_n to_o the_o adulterer_n venusius_n therefore_o have_v draw_v in_o all_o the_o assistance_n he_o can_v and_o join_v the_o brigantes_n who_o themselves_o have_v revolt_v to_o he_o reduce_v she_o to_o the_o last_o extremity_n she_o apply_v herself_o to_o the_o roman_n for_o relief_n and_o after_o many_o engagement_n be_v at_o last_o rescue_v out_o of_o dangerous_a circumstance_n by_o our_o force_n however_o the_o kingdom_n fall_v to_o venusius_n and_o the_o war_n to_o we_o now_o xx_o vespasian_n the_o emperor_n julius_n agricola_n lâ—gio_fw-it xx_o while_o mutianus_n govern_v the_o city_n under_o vespasian_n julius_n agricola_n who_o have_v declare_v for_o vespasian_n and_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a integrity_n and_o valour_n be_v make_v commander_n of_o the_o twenty_o legion_n in_o britain_n which_o have_v decline_v the_o oath_n for_o a_o long_a time_n and_o there_o he_o hear_v that_o his_o predecessor_n have_v carry_v himself_o seditious_o for_o that_o legion_n have_v run_v a-head_n and_o become_v formidable_a even_o to_o the_o consular_a legate_n the_o praetorian_a legate_n be_v not_o able_a to_o rule_v they_o but_o whether_o through_o his_o own_o ill_a disposition_n or_o those_o of_o the_o soldier_n be_v uncertain_a thus_o be_v appoint_v to_o succeed_v he_o and_o to_o punish_v they_o he_o take_v such_o a_o admirable_a mean_n as_o to_o seem_v rather_o to_o have_v find_v they_o dutiful_a than_o to_o have_v make_v they_o so_o and_o though_o vectius_n bolanus_n be_v then_o lieutenant_n here_o and_o govern_v more_o mild_o than_o be_v fit_a for_o so_o fierce_a a_o province_n yet_o agricola_n lay_v a_o restraint_n upon_o himself_o and_o smother_v the_o heat_n of_o his_o own_o temper_n that_o it_o may_v not_o increase_v and_o grow_v visible_a know_v very_o well_o the_o necessity_n of_o complaisance_n and_o of_o mix_v his_o profit_n with_o his_o honour_n but_o when_o vespasian_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n have_v gain_v britain_n also_o he_o send_v great_a captain_n and_o brave_a army_n here_o and_o the_o enemy_n hope_n be_v abate_v propraetor_n petilius_n cereaiis_n propraetor_n petilius_n cerialis_n enter_v the_o country_n of_o the_o brigantes_n with_o great_a terror_n possess_v by_o the_o most_o numerous_a people_n of_o this_o province_n to_o who_o he_o give_v many_o and_o some_o of_o they_o very_o bloody_a defeat_v and_o indeed_o either_o spoil_v or_o conquer_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o country_n thus_o cerialis_n seem_v to_o have_v eclipse_v the_o fame_n and_o conduct_v of_o any_o that_o can_v come_v after_o he_o when_o julius_n frontinus_n propraetor_n julius_n frontinus_n propraetor_n a_o great_a man_n and_o as_o eminent_a as_o can_v be_v after_o such_o a_o predecessor_n succeed_v to_o the_o same_o charge_n with_o like_a glory_n he_o subdue_v the_o strong_a and_o warlike_a nation_n of_o the_o silures_n where_o he_o have_v not_o only_o a_o stout_a enemy_n but_o great_a difficulty_n also_o from_o the_o situation_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n to_o cope_v with_o in_o this_o state_n be_v britain_n and_o in_o this_o posture_n be_v the_o war_n when_o agricola_n be_v send_v over_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o summer_n our_o soldier_n mind_n and_o hope_n be_v bend_v upon_o rest_n and_o a_o end_n of_o the_o war_n for_o that_o year_n and_o the_o enemy_n intent_n upon_o a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o begin_v it_o the_o ordovices_n a_o little_a before_o the_o arrival_n of_o agricola_n have_v almost_o entire_o rout_v a_o wing_n of_o we_o that_o be_v quarter_v in_o the_o frontier_n of_o their_o country_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o whole_a province_n be_v ready_a to_o break_v out_o all_o approve_v the_o example_n either_o as_o desirous_a of_o war_n or_o to_o see_v the_o mind_n and_o worth_n of_o the_o new_a lieutenant_n agricola_n though_o the_o summer_n be_v almost_o over_o and_o though_o his_o soldier_n lay_v disperse_v up_o and_o down_o the_o province_n expect_v no_o far_a trouble_n for_o that_o year_n all_o which_o retard_v and_o cross_v his_o expedition_n and_o though_o some_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o secure_v such_o place_n as_o be_v suspicious_a yet_o he_o resolve_v to_o forestall_v these_o danger_n and_o have_v draw_v together_o the_o ensign_n of_o the_o legion_n and_o a_o pretty_a good_a body_n of_o auxiliary_n and_o find_v the_o ordovices_n dare_v not_o come_v down_o into_o the_o plain_n he_o draw_v up_o his_o man_n and_o put_v himself_o at_o the_o head_n of_o they_o that_o by_o expose_v himself_o alike_a in_o danger_n he_o may_v make_v they_o equal_o courageous_a have_v almost_o cut_v off_o this_o whole_a nation_n and_o know_v he_o must_v push_v on_o to_o gain_v a_o reputation_n and_o that_o every_o thing_n hereafter_o will_v fall_v answerable_a to_o the_o event_n of_o his_o
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see_n upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n near_o the_o river_n stand_v the_o castle_n build_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o this_o place_n wherein_o the_o court_v palatine_n and_o the_o assize_n be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n the_o building_n be_v neat_a row_v the_o row_v and_o there_o be_v piazza_n on_o both_o side_n along_o the_o chief_a street_n other_o street_n they_o call_v they_o row_v have_v shop_n on_o both_o side_n through_o which_o a_o man_n may_v walk_v dry_a from_o one_o end_n unto_o the_o other_o the_o city_n have_v not_o be_v equal_o prosperous_a at_o all_o time_n first_o it_o be_v demolish_v by_o egfrid_n the_o northumbrian_n then_o by_o the_o dane_n but_o repair_v by_o aedelfleda_n domina_fw-la aedelfleda_n domina_fw-la governess_n of_o the_o mercian_n and_o soon_o after_o see_v king_n eadgar_n glorious_o triumph_v over_o the_o british_a prince_n for_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o triumphal_a barge_n at_o the_o fore-deck_a kinnadius_n king_n of_o scotland_n malcolin_n king_n of_o cumberland_n 960._o circ_n an._n 960._o macon_n king_n of_o man_n and_o of_o the_o island_n with_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n bring_v to_o do_v he_o homage_n like_o bargeman_n row_v he_o up_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o great_a joy_n of_o the_o spectator_n afterward_o rodolphus_n church_n restore_v glaber_n rodolphus_n about_o the_o year_n 1094._o when_v as_o one_o say_v by_o a_o pious_a kind_n of_o contest_v the_o fabric_n of_o cathedral_n and_o other_o church_n begin_v to_o be_v more_o decent_a and_o stately_a and_o the_o christian_a world_n begin_v to_o raise_v itself_o from_o the_o old_a deject_a state_n and_o sordidness_n to_o the_o decency_n and_o splendour_n of_o white_a vestment_n hugh_n the_o first_o of_o norman_a blood_n that_o be_v earl_n of_o chester_n repair_v the_o church_n which_o leofrick_n have_v former_o found_v here_o in_o honour_n of_o the_o virgin_n saint_n werburga_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o anselm_n who_o he_o have_v invite_v out_o of_o normandy_n grant_v 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imp._n m_o aurelio_n antonino_n auc_n sever_n lucii_n filio_fw-la lec._n jiv_n vg_n p_o sic_fw-la together_o with_o these_o two_o fragment_n centurio_n centurio_n out_o centurio_n this_o be_v late_o in_o the_o school-wall_n at_o kaêr_n lheion_n but_o be_v now_o raze_v out_o †_o 7._o veciliana_n 977._o veciliana_n this_o be_v in_o the_o garden-wall_n at_o moin_n court_n but_o the_o first_o line_n viii_o and_o this_o character_n 7._o be_v not_o visible_a see_v rein_n syntag._n inscr_n pag._n 977._o viii_o 7._o valeria_n maxsimi_fw-la f_o here_o also_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n be_v a_o academy_n of_o 200_o philosopher_n who_o be_v skilled_a in_o astronomy_n and_o other_o science_n observe_v accurate_o the_o course_n of_o the_o star_n as_o we_o be_v inform_v by_o alexander_n elsebiensis_n a_o very_a scarce_a author_n out_o of_o who_o much_o have_v be_v transcribe_v for_o my_o use_n by_o the_o learned_a thomas_n james_n james_n tho._n james_n of_o oxford_n who_o may_v deserve_o be_v style_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o one_o that_o be_v whole_o intent_n upon_o book_n and_o learning_n and_o be_v at_o present_a god_n prosper_v his_o endeavour_n out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o promote_a the_o public_a good_a busy_o employ_v in_o search_v the_o library_n of_o england_n on_o a_o design_n that_o be_v like_a to_o be_v of_o singular_a use_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o learning_n in_o the_o time_n of_o k._n henry_n 2._o when_o giraldus_n write_v this_o city_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v a_o place_n of_o considerable_a strength_n for_o we_o find_v that_o yrwith_o of_o kaer_n lheion_n a_o courageous_a britain_n defend_v it_o a_o long_a time_n against_o the_o english_a force_n till_o at_o last_o be_v overpower_a by_o the_o king_n he_o be_v dispossess_v of_o it_o but_o now_o a_o fair_a instance_n that_o city_n as_o well_o as_o man_n have_v their_o vicissitude_n and_o fortune_n that_o be_v become_v a_o inconsiderable_a small_a town_n which_o once_o be_v 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testis_fw-la erit_fw-la julia_n strata_fw-la mihi_fw-la increase_v with_o usk_n do_v severn_n rise_v as_o julia_n strata_n testify_v that_o this_o julia_n strata_n be_v a_o way_n we_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o question_v and_o if_o we_o may_v be_v free_a to_o conjecture_v it_o seem_v not_o absurd_a to_o suppose_v it_o take_v its_o name_n from_o julius_n frontinus_n who_o conquer_v the_o silures_n not_o far_o from_o this_o newburgh_n say_v giraldus_n there_o glide_v a_o small_a stream_n call_v nant_n pènkarn_v passable_a but_o at_o some_o certain_a ford_n not_o so_o much_o for_o the_o depth_n of_o its_o water_n as_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o deepness_n of_o the_o mud_n it_o have_v former_o a_o ford_n call_v rhÅ·d_v penkarn_v now_o of_o a_o long_a time_n discontinue_v henry_n 2._o king_n of_o england_n have_v by_o chance_n pass_v this_o ford_n the_o welsh_a who_o rely_v too_o much_o upon_o old_a prophecy_n be_v present_o discourage_v because_o their_o oracle_n 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part_n of_o this_o county_n which_o they_o call_v over-went_a and_o other_o the_o low_a land_n call_v netherwent_a parish_n in_o this_o county_n 127._o addition_n to_o monmouthshire_n asleep_o mynydh_n kader_n mention_v by_o our_o author_n be_v the_o name_n of_o many_o mountain_n in_o wales_n thus_o denominate_v as_o kader_n arthur_n kader_n verwin_n kader_n idris_n kader_n dhinmael_n kader_n your_o ychen_n etc._n etc._n which_o the_o learned_a dr._n davies_n suppose_v to_o have_v be_v so_o call_v not_o from_o their_o resemblance_n to_o a_o kà dair_n or_o chair_n but_o because_o they_o have_v be_v either_o fortify_v place_n or_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o natural_o impregnable_a by_o such_o as_o first_o impose_v those_o name_n on_o they_o for_o the_o british_a kader_n as_o well_o as_o the_o irish_a word_n kathair_n signify_v ancient_o a_o fort_n or_o bulwark_n whence_o probable_o the_o modern_a word_n kaer_n of_o the_o same_o signification_n may_v be_v corrupt_v b_o lhan_n lhan_n lhan_n proper_o signify_v a_o yard_n or_o some_o small_a enclosure_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o compound_a word_n for_o we_o find_v a_o vineyard_n call_v gwinlhan_a a_o orchard_n per-lhan_a a_o hay-yard_n yd-lhan_a a_o churchyard_n korph-lhan_a a_o sheep-fold_n kor-lhan_a etc._n etc._n however_o as_o giraldus_n observe_v it_o denote_v separately_z a_o church_n or_o chapel_n and_o be_v of_o common_a use_n in_o that_o sense_n throughout_o all_o wales_n probable_o because_o such_o yard_n or_o enclosure_n may_v be_v place_n of_o worship_n in_o the_o time_n of_o heathenism_n or_o upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n when_o church_n be_v scarce_o c_o that_o this_o jeffrey_n of_o monmouth_n as_o well_o as_o most_o other_o writer_n of_o the_o monkish_a time_n abound_v with_o fable_n be_v not_o deny_v by_o such_o as_o contend_v for_o some_o authority_n to_o that_o history_n but_o that_o those_o fable_n be_v of_o his_o own_o invention_n seem_v too_o severe_a a_o censure_n of_o our_o author_n and_o scarce_o a_o just_a accusation_n since_o we_o find_v most_o or_o all_o of_o they_o in_o that_o british_a history_n he_o translate_v whereof_o a_o ancient_a copy_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o library_n of_o jesus-college_n at_o oxford_n which_o conclude_v to_o this_o effect_n walter_n archdeacon_n of_o oxford_n compose_v this_o book_n in_o latin_a out_o of_o british_a record_n which_o he_o afterward_o thus_o render_v into_o modern_a british_a we_o find_v also_o many_o of_o the_o same_o fable_n in_o ninnius_n who_o write_v his_o eulogium_fw-la britanniae_fw-la about_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o this_o galfridus_n arturius_n compose_v the_o british_a history_n as_o to_o the_o regard_n due_a to_o that_o history_n in_o general_n the_o judicious_a reader_n may_v consult_v dr._n powel_n epistle_n de_n britannica_fw-la historia_fw-la rectè_fw-la intelligenda_fw-la and_o dr._n davies_n preface_n to_o his_o british_a lexicon_n and_o balance_v they_o with_o the_o argument_n and_o authority_n of_o those_o that_o whole_o reject_v they_o near_a monmouth_n stand_v a_o noble_a house_n build_v by_o his_o grace_n henry_n duke_n of_o beaufort_n call_v troy_n the_o residence_n of_o his_o elder_a son_n charles_n marquis_n of_o worcester_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o and_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o monmouth_n settle_v upon_o he_o with_o other_o large_a possession_n in_o this_o county_n by_o the_o duke_n his_o father_n e_fw-la the_o english_a name_n of_o wentset_a etc._n wentseâ—_n etc._n etc._n and_o wents_a land_n have_v their_o origin_n from_o the_o british_a word_n ggo_v whereby_o almost_o all_o this_o country_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o herefordshire_n be_v call_v till_o wales_n be_v divide_v into_o county_n but_o it_o seem_v questionable_a whether_o that_o name_n ggo_v be_v owe_v to_o the_o city_n venta_n or_o whether_o the_o roman_n may_v not_o call_v this_o city_n venta_n silurum_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o the_o iceni_n and_o that_o other_o of_o the_o belgae_n