quarries some such little miracles of sporting Nature And I have seen a stone brought from thence winded round like a serpent the head whereof tho' but imperfect jutted out in the circumference and the end of the tail was in the center u But most of them want the head In the neighbouring fields and other places hereabouts the herb Percepier â—ercepier grows naturally all the year round It is peculiar to England and one tastes in it a sort of tartness and bitterness 't is never higher than a span and grows in bushy flowers without a stalk It provokes urine strongly and quickly and there is a water distill'd out of it of great use as P. Poena in his Miscellanies upon Plants has observ'd w Scarce five miles from hence the river Avon parts Bristol in the middle â—â—tow call d by the Britains Caer Oder Nant Badon i.e. the City Odera in Badon valley In the Catalogue of the Ancient Cities it is nam'd Caer Brito and in Saxon it is BrightstoÆ¿ i.e. a famous place But a Amongst the rest Leland in his Comment upon the Cygnea cantio pag. 152. those who have affirm'd it to be the Venta Belgarum have impos'd both upon themselves and the world The City is plac'd partly in Somersetshire and partly in Glocestershire so that it does not belong to either having distinct Magistrates of it's own and being a county incorporate by it self It stands upon a pretty high gâ—ound between the Avon and the little river Frome what with walls and the rivers guarded very well for it was formerly enclos'd with a double wall It casts such a beautiful show both of publick and private buildings that it answers it's name and there are what they call Goutes in Latin Cloacae built in the subterraneous caverns of the earth to carry off and wash away the filth x so that nothing is wanting either for neatness or health But by this means it comes that Carts are not us'd here It is also so well furnish'd with the necessities of life and so populous that next to London and York it may justly claim a preeminence over all the cities in Britain For the trade of many nations is drawn thither by the advantage of commerce and of the harbour which brings vessels under sail into the heart of the city And the Avon swells so much by the coming in of the tide when the Moon descends from the Meridian and passes the place opposite that ships upon the shallows are born up 11 or 12 fathoms The citizens themselves drive a rich trade throughout Europe and make voyages to the remotest parts of America At what time and by whom it was built is hard to say but it seems to be of a late date since in all the Danish plunders it is not so much as mention'd in our Histories For my part I am of opinion it rose in the decline of the Saxon government since it is not taken notice of before the year of our Lord 1063. wherein Harald as Florence of Worcester has it set sail from Brytstow to Wales with a design to invade it In the beginning of the Norman times Berton an adjoyning farm and this Bristow paid to the King as 't is in Domesday book 110 marks of silver and the Burgesses return'd that Bishop G. had 33 marks â—â—am of â—â—â—ster and 1 mark of gold y Afterwards Robert Bishop of Constance plotting against William Rufus chose this for a seat of war and fortify'd the little city with that inner wall I suppose part of which remains to this day z But a few years after the Suburbs began to enlarge on every side for on the south Radcliff where were some little houses belonging to the suburbs is joyn'd to the rest of the city by a stone-bridge which is so set with houses that you would not think it a bridge but a street This part is included within the walls and the inhabitants have the privileges of citizens There are hospitals built in all parts for the poor and neat Churches for the glory of God Amongst the rest the most beautiful is S. Mary's of Radcliffe without the walls into which is a stately ascent by a great many stairs So large is it the workmanship so exquisite and the roof so artificially vaulted with stone and the tower so high that in my opinion it goes much beyond all the Parish Churches in England I have yet seen In it the founder William Canninges has two honorary monuments the one is his image in the habit of a Magistrate for he was five times Mayor of this City the other an image of the same person in Clergy-man's habit for in his latter days he took Orders and was Dean of the College which himself founded at Westbury Hard by it is also another Church call'd Temple the tower whereof as often as the bell rings moves to and again so as to be quite parted from the rest of the building and there is such a chink from top to bottom that the gaping is three fingers broad when the bell rings growing first narrower then again broader Nor must we omit taking notice of S. Stephen's Church the stately tower whereof was in the memory of our grandfathers built by one Shipward 41 Alià s Bâ—rstaple a citizen and merchant with great charge and curious workmanship On the east also and north parts it was enlarg'd with very many buildings and those too included within the walls being defended by the river Frome which after it has pass'd by these walls runs calmly into the Avon making a quiet station for ships and a creek convenient to load and unload wares which they call the Kay Under this The marsh between the confluence of Avon and Frome is a champain ground which is set round with trees and affords a pleasant walk to the citizens Upon the south-east where the rivers do not encompass it Robert natural son to King Henry 1. commonly call'd Robert Rufus Consul of Glocester because he was Earl of Glocester built a large and strong Castle for the defence of his city a and out of a pious inclination set aside every tenth stone for the building of a Chappel near the Priory of S. James which he also erected just under the City He took to wife Mabil daughter and sole heir of Robert Fitz-Hamon who held this city in fealty of William the Norman This castle yet scarce finish'd was besieg'd by King Stephen but he was forc'd to draw off without doing any thing and the same person not many years after being prisoner there was a fair instance how uncertain the events of war are Beyond the river Frome over which at Frome-gate is a bridge one goes obliquely up a high hill of a steep and difficult ascent from whence there is a pleasant prospect of the City and haven below it This upon the top runs into a large and green plain shaded all along the middle with a double rank of trees
title of Aber Gavenni upon which the majority of voices gave it the heir-male And when he had again proposed Whether the title of Baron Le Despenser Baroness le Despenser should be conferr'd on the female and her heirs they unanimously agreed to it to which his Majesty gave his Royal Assent And Edward Nevil was soon after summon'd to Parliament by the King 's Writ under the title of Baron of Aber-Gavenni And being according to the usual ceremony introduc'd in his Parliament-Robe between two Barons he was placed above the Baron de Audeley At the same time also the King's Patent was read before the Peers whereby his Majesty restored rais'd preferred c. Mary Fane to the state degree title stile name honour and dignity of Baroness le Despenser Baroness le Despenser and that her heirs successively should be Barens le Despenser c. But the question of precedency being proposed the Peers referr'd the decision thereof to the Commissioners for the office of Earl Marshal of England who signâ—d their Verdict for the Barony of le Despenser This was read before the Peers and by their order register'd in the Parliament Diary out of which I have taken this account in short What ought not to be omitted is that John Hastings held this Castle by homage ward and marriage 6 Edw. 2. When it happens as we read in the Inquisition and if there should chance any war between the King of England and Prince of Wales he ought to defend the Country of Over-went at his own charges to the utmost of his power for the good of himself the King and Kingdom The second town call'd by Antoninus Burrium Burrium who places it 12 miles from Gobannium is seated where the river Byrdhin falls into Usk. 'T is call'd now in British by a transposition of letters Brynbiga for Burenbegi and also Kaer-ŵysk by Giraldus Castrum Oskae and in English Usk. Usk. It shews now only the ruins of a large strong Castle pleasantly seated between the river Usk and Oilwy a small brook which takes its course from the east by Ragland a stately castle-like house of the Earl of Worcester's and passes under it The third City call'd by Antoninus Isca Isca and Legio secunda seated on the other side of the river Usk and distant as he observes exactly 12 Italian miles from Burrium is câ—ll'd by the Britains Kaer Lheion and Kaer Lheion ar ŵysk Kaer Lheion ar Wysk which signifies the City of the Legion on the river Usk from the Legio Secunda Augusta called also Britannica secunda This Legion instituted by Augustus and translated out of Germany into Britain by Claudius under the conduct of Vespasian to whom upon his aspiring to the Empire it prov'd serviceable and also secur'd him the British Legions was placed here at length by Julius Frontinus as seems probable in garrison against the Silures How great a City this Isca was at that time our Giraldus informs us in his Itinerary of Wales A very ancient city this was saith he and enjoy'd honourable privileges elegantly built by the Romans with * The câ—â—cuit â—f 〈◊〉 walls aâ—â— 3 miles Enderoy brick walls There are yet remaining many footsteps of its ancient splendour stately palaces which formerly with their gilded Tiles emulated the Roman grandeur for that it was at first built by the Roman nobility and adorn'd with sumptuous edifices an exceeding high tower remarkable hot †An. 16â—â— hot baâ—â—s were dâ—â—â—ver'd 〈◊〉 S. Julâ—aâ— the brâ—â—â— equilateâ—â—ly squâ—â—â— about 〈◊〉 inch tâ—â— like thâ—â— at S. Aâ—â—â—â— Mr. Aâ—â—â— baths ruins of ancient temples theatrical places encompass'd with stately walls which are partly yet standing Subterraneous edifices are frequently met with not only within the walls but also in the suburbs aqueducts vaults and which is well worth our observation Hypocausts or stoves contriv'd with admirable artifice conveying heat insensibly through some very narrow vents on the sides Two very eminent and next to St. Alban and Amphibalus the chief Protomartyrs of Britannia major lye entombed here where they were crown'd with martyrdom viz. Julius and Aaron who had also Churches dedicated to them in this City For in ancient times there were three noble Churches here One of Julius the Martyr grac'd with a Quire of Nuns devoted to God's service another dedicated to St. Aaron his companion ennobled with an excellent order of Canons and the third honour'd with the Metropolitan See of Wales Amphibalus also teacher of St. Alban who sincerely instructed him in the Faith was born here This City is excellently well seated on the navigable river Usk and beautified with meadows and woods Here the Roman Embassadors received their audience at the illustrious court of that great King Arthur And here also the Archbishop Dubricius resign'd that honour to David of Menevia by translating the Archiepiscopal See from this City thither Thus far Giraldus But in confirmation of the antiquity of this place I have taken care to add some ancient Inscriptions lately dug up there and communicated to me by the right reverend Father in God Francis Godwin Lord Bishop of Landaff a lover of venerable antiquity and all other good literature In the year 1602. some labourers digging in a meadow adjoyning found on a checquer'd pavement a statue of a person in a short-truss'd habit with a Quiver and Arrows the head hands and feet broken off and also the fragment of an Altar with this Inscription of fair large characters about three inches long erected by Haterianus Lieutenant-General of Augustus and Propraetor of the Province of Cilicia 〈…〉 HATERIANVS LEG AVG PR PR PROVINC CILIC The next year was discover'd also this Inscription which shews the Statue before mention'd to have been of the Goddess Diana and that Titus Flavius Posthumius Varus perhaps of the fifth Cohort of the second Legion had repair'd her Temple a Id est Titus Flavius Postumius Varus quintae Cohortis Legionis Secundae Augustae Templum Dianae restituit T. FL. POSTVMIVS VARVS V. C. LEG TEMPL DIANAE RESTITVIT Also this votive Altar out of which the name of the Emperour * Geta seems to have been rased when he was deposed by his brother Antoninus Bassianus â—â—e Phil. â—â—ns 〈◊〉 1â—5 and declared an enemy yet so as there are some shadows of the Letters still remaining b Id est Pro salute Augustorum nostrorum Severi Antonini Getae Caesarum Publius Saltienus Publii filius Maecia Thalamus ex hac gente aut tribu nempe Publ. Saltienus ortus est Praefectus Legionis secundae Augustae C. Vampeiano Luciliano Consulibus PRO SALVTE In printed Copies Claudius Pompeianus and Lollianus Avitus Coss An. Chr. 210. AVGG N. N. SEVERI ET ANTONINI ET GETAE CAES. P. SALTIENVS P. F. MAECIA THALAMVS HADRI PRAEF LEG II. AVG. C. VAMPEIANO ET LVCILIAN And this fragment of a very fair Altar the Inscription whereof might perhaps be thus supplied
of S. Patrick l. 2. rerum Anglicarum cap 26. and well supplied with fish from the river as it runs into the sea here famous for trade and for those sweet plains oaky woods and fine parks so entertaining about it Thus also William of Newborow Divelin a maritime City is the metropolis of Ireland it enjoys the benefit of a famous harbor and for trade and concourse of merchants rivals London It s situation is particularly pleasant and wholsome having hills on the south plains on the west and sea just the by it on the east and and the river Liffy on the north where ships ride safely Upon the river there are Kaies as we call them or certain works made to break the violence of the water For Caiare among the ancients signified to restrain Ad Auson lib. â— c. 22. check or hinder as the most learned Scaliger has observed Here the City wall well built of free stone begins fortified on the south with rampiers it has six gates which open into large suburbs on all sides The access on the south is by Dammes-gate near which stands the King's castle upon a rising well fortified with ditches and towers and provided with a good Arsenal built by Henry Loundres the Archbishop about the year 1220. In that suburb on the east side near St. Andrew's Church Henry the second King of England as Hoveden says caused a royal palace 22 Or rather banqueting-house to be built of smooth wattles very curious after the manner of this Country and here with the Kings and Princes of Ireland he kept a Chrstmas-day in great solemnity Over against it stands a fine College on the same spot where Alhallows Allhallows Monastery heretofore stood dedicated to the Indivisible and Holy Trinity endow'd with the privileges of an University by Queen Elizabeth of blessed memory Univâ—rsity b gun and foundâ—d in 1591 May 13. S ud n s â—dmiâ—ted in the year 1593. for the education of youth and lately furnished with a good Library which gives no small hopes that Religion and Learning will after a long exile return to Ireland formerly the seat of the Muses to which foreigners resorted as to the great Mart of liberal arts and sciences 1320. L. MS. of Baron Houth In the reign of Edward the second Alexander Bicknor Archbishop of Dublin having obtained from the Pope the privileges of an University for this place and instituted publick Lectures first began to recall them but this laudable design was broken by the turbulent times that followed The north gate opens towards the bridge which is arched and built of * F. vivo Saxo. free stone by King John who joyned Oustman-town to the City For here the Oustmanni which Giraldus says came from Norway and those Northern Islands setled according to our Histories about the year 1050. In this suburbs stood formerly the famous Church of S. Mary de Oustmanby for so 't is call'd in King John's Charter and also a House of Black Friers whither the King's Courts of Judicature were lately transferr'd On the west part of Dublin there are two gates Ormonds-gate and Newgate which is the common Gaol both leading to the longest suburb of this City named St. Thomas where stands also a noble Abbey of the same name called Thomas Court Thomas Court founded and endowed with large revenues by King Henry the second to expiate for the death of Thomas Archbishop of Canterbury On the south we enter by S. Paul's gate and that call'd S. Nicholas opening into S. Patrick's suburb where stands the Palace of the Archbishop known by the name of S. Sepulcher with a stately Church dedicated to S. Patrick very fine within for its stone pavements and arch'd roof and without for its high steeple 'T is uncertain when this Church was first built but that Gregory King of Scots about the year 890 came in pilgrimage to it is plain from the Scotch history Afterwards it was much enlarged by King John and made a Church of Prebends by John Comy Archbishop of Dublin which was confirmed by Coelestine the third Bishop of Rome in the year 1191. After that again Henry Loundres his successor in this See of Dublin augmented the dignities of the Parsonages Pâ—rsonatuum as the words of the founder are and made it conformable to the immunities orders and customs of the Church of Salisbury At present it consists of a Dean a Chanter a Chancellor a Treasurer two Archdeacons and twenty two Prebendaries Stat. Parl. 18 Hen. 8. c. 15. the only light and lamp not to conceal a very noble Character which a Parliament of this Kingdom gave it of all pious and Ecclesiastical discipline and order in Ireland Here is also another Cathedral Church in the very heart of the City dedicated to the Holy Trinity but commonly call'd Christ's Temple Concerning it's foundation we have this passage in the Archives of that Church Sitric King of Dublin son of Ableb Count of Dublin gave a piece of ground to the Holy Trinity and to Donatus the first Bishop of Dublin to build a Church on in honour of the Holy Trinity and not only that but gold and silver also sufficient for that design and to finish the whole * Curâ—â— Church-yard This was done about the year 1012 at which time Lancarvanensis affirms that Sitric son of Abloie so he calls him flourished The work was begun by Donatus but carry'd on and finish'd by Laurence Archbishop of Dublin Richard Strongbow Earl of Pembroke commonly call'd Comes Striguliae whose tomb repair'd by 23 Sir Henry Henry Sidney Lord Deputy is to be seen here Robert Fitz-Stephens and Reimond Fitz-Girald On the south side of the Church stands the Town-hall built of square stone and call'd Tolestale Tolâ—stalâ— where Causes are try'd before the Mayor and where sessions and publick meeting of the Citizens are often held The City enjoys many privileges Formerly it was govern'd in chief by a Provost but in the year 1409 King Henry the fourth gave them the privilege of choosing every year a Mayor with two Bailiffs and of carrying a guilt sword before him Afterward King Edward the sixth changed these Bailiffs into Sheriffs There is nothing wanting to the grandeur and happiness of this City but the removal of those heaps of sand that by the flux and reflux of the sea are wash'd up into the mouth of the river Liffy and hinder great ships from coming up but at high water Thus much for Dublin the account whereof I confess to be mostly owing to the diligence and knowledge of James Usher Chancellor of S. Patricks whose variety of Learning and soundness of Judgment are infinitely beyond his years As for Robert Vere earl of Oxford whom Richard the second who was profuse in bestowing titles of honour made Marquiss of Dublin Maâ—qâ—â—â—â— of Dubâ—â—â— and afterwards Duke of Ireland I have took notice of him before and need not report it here
Mortality Foundation of the Hospitallers and Order of St. John of Jerusalem Fol. MONMOVTHSHIRE LAmentable News from Monmouthshire of the loss of 26 Parishes in a great Flood which hapn'd January 1607. Publish'd the same year The manner of the Wire-Works at Tinton in Monmouthshire Ray English words pag. 194. NORFOLK SEE Sir William Dugdale's History of Imbanking Of the lamentable Burning of East Derham in the County of Norfolk July 1. 1581. in verse black Letter publish'd 1582. History of the Norfolk-Rebels by Alexander Nevil a Kentish-man with the History of Norwich and a Catalogue of the Mayors Publish'd 1575. Norfolk's Furies or a View of Kitt's Camp with a table of the Mayors and Sheriffs of Norwich c. done out of Latin into English by R. W. 1615. The Antiquities of Norwich writ by Dr. Jo. Caius are mention'd by Dr. Fuller but still remain in Manuscript Norwich Monuments and Antiquities by Sir Thomas Brown M. D. a Manuscript in the hands of the learned Dr. More the present Bishop of Norwich Nashe's Lent-Stuff containing an account of the growth of Great Yarmouth with a Play in praise of Red-herring Publish'd 1599. A description of the town of Great Yarmouth with a Survey of Little Yarmouth incorporated with the Great c. in a sheet A Survey of Norfolk was taken by Sir Henry Spelman Knight in Latin and is still in Manuscript in the Bodleian-Library at Oxon. A relation of the damages done by a tempest and overflowing of the Tyde upon the coasts of Norfolk and Lincolnshire The West prospect of Linn-Regis a sheet Urn-burial or a discourse of the Sepulchral Urns lately found in Norfolk by Sir Thomas Brown 1669. Mercurius Centralis or a Discourse of Subterraneal Cockle Muscle and Oyster-shells found in digging of a Well at Sir William Doylie's in Norfolk by Tho. Lawrence A. M. in a Letter to Sir Tho. Browne 1664. NORTHAMPTONSHIRE HIstory of the Cathedral Church of Peterburrow by Simon Gunter Prebendary Publish'd with a large Appendix by Simon Patrick D. D. then Dean of this Church and now Bishop of Ely Fol. 1685. The Fall and Funeral of Northampton in an Elegy first publish'd in Latin since made English with some variations and addititions and publish'd An. 1677. The state of Northampton from the beginning of the Fire Sept. 20. 1675. to Nov. 5. in a Letter to a Friend 1675. Names of the Hides in Northamptonshire by Francis Tate MS. Wood's Athenae Vol. 1. p. 349. A Survey of this County is said to have been intended by Mr. Augustin Vincent Wood's Athenae vol. 1. p. 349. NORTHVMBERLAND A Chorographical Survey of Newcastle upon Tine by ..... Grey An. 1649. England's Grievances in relation to the Cole-trade with a Map of the river of Tine and the situation of the town and corporation of New-castle 1655. A Survey of the river Tine grav'd by Fathorne The Antiquities of the ancient Kingdom of Northumberland are now ready for the Press compil'd by Mr. Nicolson Archdeacon of Carlisle who designs shortly to publish the Book under this Title Norðanhymbraric or a description of the ancient Kingdom of Northumberland The work will consist of eight parts whereof he stiles the I. Northanhymbria or an account of the Bounds and natural History of the Country II. Northanhymbri the Original Language Manners and Government of the People III. Annales the Succession and History of the several Dukes Kings and Earls from the first institution of the Government down to the Conquest IV. Ecclesiastica Religious Rites observ'd by the Pagan Inhabitants before the establishment of Christianity together with the state of the Church and the succession of Bishops in it afterwards V. Literae Literati the state of Learning with a Catalogue of the Writers VI. Villare the Cities Towns Villages and other places of note in an Alphabetical Catalogue VII Monumenta Danica Danish Remains in the Language Temples Courts of Judicature Runic Inscriptions c. To the whole will be prefix'd a Prefatory Discourse of the condition these parts of the Isle were in upon and some time before the coming in of the Saxons wherein notice will be taken of many pieces of Brittish and Roman Antiquities never yet observ'd Large Collections have been made by Sir Robert Shafto relating to the Antiquities of the County of Northumberland Mr. Clavering of Callaly a very knowing Antiquary has also done great service to his native Country in this kind NOTTINGHAMSHIRE THE Antiquities of the County of Nottingham by Dr. Robert Thoroton OXFORDSHIRE MAnuscript History of Alchester in the hands of Mr. Blackwell History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford by Anthony à Wood fol. Twine's Vindication of the Antiquity of the University of Oxford Natural History of Oxfordshire by Dr. Robert Plot folio Survey of Woodstock by Mr. Widows Athen. Oxon. vol. 2. p. 119. Parochial Antiquities or the History of Ambrosden Burcester and other adjacent Towns and Villages in the North-east parts of the County of Oxford delivering the general Remains of the British Roman and Saxon Ages and a more particular account of English Memoirs reduc'd into Annals from 1 Will. Conq. to 1 Edw. 4. with several Sculptures of ancient and modern Curiosities 4o. By the Reverend Mr. White Kennet B. D. An account of an Earthquake in Oxfordshire Philosoph Transact Num. 10. p. 166. Num. 11. p. 180. A Relation of an Accident by Thunder and Lightning in Oxford Philosoph Transact Num. 13. pag. 215. RVTLANDSHIRE ANtiquities of Rutlandshire by Mr. Wright Folio SOMERSETSHIRE THE ancient Laws Customs and Orders of the Miners in the King's Forest of Mendipp in the County of Somerset London 1687. 12o. Proposals for a Natural History of Somersetshire have been publish'd by Mr. John Beaumont A Letter from Mr. Beaumont giving an account of Ookey-hole and other subterraneous Grotto's in Mendip-hills Philosoph Transact 1681. Num. 2. Ookey-hole describ'd An. 1632. Thermae Redivivae by Mr. John Chapman 1673. with an Appendix of Coriat's Rhimes of the Antiquities of the Bath Johnson in his Mercurius Britannicus hath given an account of the Antiquities of the Bath with a ground-plot of the City A Discourse of the several Bathes and hot waters at the Bath with the Lives and Characters of the Physicians that have liv'd and practis'd there Together with an Enquiry into the Nature of S. Vincent's Rock near Bristol and that of Castle Cary by Dr. Thomas Guidot Enlarg'd by the same hand with the addition of several Antiquities 1691. The Antiquities of the City of Bath collected in Latin by the same Author MS. STAFFORDSHIRE NAtural History of Staffordshire by Dr. Robert Plot. Fol. Genealogies of the Nobility and Gentry in this County MS. written by Mr. Erdswick and now in the collection of Walter Chetwind Esq who very much improv'd it SVFFOLK AN account of some Saxon Coins found in Suffolk Philosoph Transact Num. 189. 1687. WARWICKSHIRE THE Antiquities of Warwickshire by Sir William Dugdale WESTMORLAND THE Antiquities of Westmorland collected by Mr. Thomas Machel of
Juvenal Gallia causidicos docuit facunda Britannos Gaul's eloquence taught British Lawyers art did at last so reform and civilize them by these laws and the example of their other customs that for the modes of their dress and living they were not inferiour to those of any other Provinces â—he Rom. â—orks in â—ritain Their buildings and other works were so very stately that we cannot look upon the remains of them at this very day without great admiration and the common people will have these Roman fabricks to be the works of the Gyants whom in the North parts they call Ethnicus Eatons for Heathens if I mistake not They are without question very wonderful and stately particularly the Picts wall â—he Valâ—um or â—icts wall of which in its proper place and the High-ways throughout the whole country which lye sometimes through dreined fens sometimes through low valleys raised high for them â—he Roâ—an miliâ—ary ways and pav'd and withal are so broad that two carts may easily drive by one another without touching An account of them we have thus in Galen Galen l. 9. c. 8. methodi Trajan repair'd the ways paving such as were wet and miry or else raising them such as were rough â—â—d over-grown with thorns he clear'd and ridded and where rivers were not fordable he made bridges if a way lay too much about he made it more direct and short if it lay over a difficult or steep mountain he drew it through plâ—â—es more easie if a road was haunted by wild beasts or waâ— desolate he had it transferr'd through such parts of the câ—â—ntry as were better inhabited and if the way was ruggeâ— he took care to smooth and level it Yet these of ours are so pared in some places by the country people's digging sand out of them that they are hardly to be known though otherwise as they lye through by-grounds and pastures they plainly appear by their height These were call'd by the Romans Viae Consulares Regiae Praetoriae Militares Publicae Cursus publici and Actus as we find by Ulpian and Julius Frontinus Ammianus Marcellinus calls them Aggeres Itinerarii and publici Sidonius Apollinaris Aggeres and tellures inaggeratae Bede and modern Authors Stratae Our Historians who are without question in an error will have only four ways of this nature the first Watlingstreat so called from I know not what Vitellius to whose charge this way was committed and indeed the Britains call'd Vitellianus in their language Guetalin named also Warlaemstraet which lay by Verulam and in some places is also called High-dike High-ridge Forty-foot-way and Ridge-way by those that live thereabouts The second they commonly call Ikenild-streat which began in the country of the Iceni the third the Fosse because as some think it was ditch'd on both sides the fourth Erminstreat a German word deriv'd from Mercury as I am inform'd by the very learn'd J. Obsopaeus who was worship'd among our forefathers the Germans by the name of Irmunsul i.e. Mercury's Pillar And that Mercury presided over the high-ways the Greek word it self 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 does sufficiently intimate and besides his square statues formerly called Hermae were every where erected in the high-ways Yet some imagine that these ways were made by one Mulmutius I know not who many ages before the birth of Christ but this is so far from finding credit with me that I positively affirm they were made from time to time by the Romans When Agricola was Lieutenant here Tacitus tells us that the people were commanded to carry their corn about and into the most distant countreys and not to the nearest Camps but to those that were far off and out of the way And the Britains as the same Author has it complain that the Romans put their hands and bodies to the drudgery of ridding out Woods and paving Fens with a great many stripes and indignities And we find in old Records that in the days of Honorius and Arcadius there were made in Britain certain High-ways from sea to sea That they were done by the Romans Bede himself tells us The Romans liv'd within that wall which as I have already took notice Severus drew cross the Island to the Southward as the Cities Temples Bridges and High-ways made there do now plainly shew us In laying such ways the Romans were wont to employ their Soldiers and the people that they might not grow factious by too much ease High-ways says Isodorus were made almost all the world over by the Romans for the convenience of travelling and to employ the common people And the condemnation of Criminals was many times to work at them as may be inferr'd from Suetonius in the life of Caius Cap. 27. And moreover we see the Via Salamantica or Silver-way in Spain and in France certain military ways made by the Romans not to mention the Via Appia Pompeia Valeria and others in Italy Along these High-ways Sueton. in Octavius Augustus at first had certain young men set at some small distance from one another but after that wagons instead of them that thus he might have quick and speedy intelligence from all parts of the Empire And near upon these roads were the cities built Mansions as also inns or mansions for the accommodation of travellers with all necessaries Mutaâ—ions or â—â—â—â—â—ing 〈◊〉 and mutations for so those places were then call'd where travellers could change their post-horses draught-beasts or wagons And therefore whosoever seeks for the places he finds mention'd in Antoninus's Itinerary any where but by these ways will certainly wander and run into mistakes And perhaps it may deserve our notice that at the end of every mile along these roads there were erected Pillars by the Emperors with figures cut in them to signifie the number of miles Hence Sidonius Apollinaris Antiquus tibi nec teratur agger Cujus per spatium satis vetustis Nomen Caesareum viret columnis Nor let the antient causey be defac't Where in old pillars Caesar 's name 's express't Varro lib. De lingua Lat. By the sides of them were also the graves and monuments of famous men to put the traveller in mind of his own mortality by that of theirs For the repairing of them there were standing laws as we may see in the Theodosian Code under the Title De Itinere muniendo to excite every one to further this business with the utmost zeal and readiness There were also Overseers appointed for them And in our ancient Laws Laws of S. Edward there is mention made De pace quatuor Cheminorum that is of the peace of the four principal roads Nerva During Nerva's time we have no account left us of this Island by Authors Under Trajan Trajan the Britains seem to have revolted and that they were subdued again Adrian Emp. J. Severus Propraetor appears by Spartian In Adrian's reign Julius Severus was Lieutenant here who
different quality of the tribute Though some learned men do not close with Baronius in this point Additions to Mr. Camden Concerning British COINS By Mr. Walker TAB I. THese eighteen first described are in Mr. Camden those which follow are partly out of Speed's History partly from other friends Before we come to the particulars I desire to premise in general I. That we find very little mention of the Britains or their affairs till Julius Caesar who left a brief but material description of the country and people their manners and customs particularly concerning their traffick and the great instrument of it money which he saith was not Coin but rings and pieces of brass and iron delivered out by weight as it was also in the beginning at Rome So that they had no mark upon their metals of exchange which seems somewhat odd seeing that the invention is so easie ready and useful for human conversation But especially since in Abraham's time coined or stamped money was current amongst merchants and called by a particular name shekel taken it may be from the weight of it And Jacob is said to have given or paid to Hâ—mor father of Sichem for a part of a field centum agnos which is interpreted Act. 7.16 not lambs but pretio argenti commonly explained centum probatos nummos This ignorance I say is strange except we affirm the transmigration of the Predecessors of the Britains to have been before Abraham's time from the Northern parts of Asia not so well civilized as the Eastern where Coin seems to have been antiently even before Abraham the current instrument of traffick Long before Caesar's time Polybius tells us that these Islands were frequented both by Greeks and Phaenicians trading for tinn and other commodities But it seems those crafty people were careful to conceal from these generally accounted heavie Northern nations the value and usefulness of money II. The Coins I have seen of the Britains for the most part are neither gold nor good silver but of mixed metals and those compositions very different and not as yet by any that I know endeavoured to be discover'd perhaps since the quantities of them are so small and their value taken from the fairness of their impression Nor can we give any certain account of their weight because we have very few of one stamp or perfect and some of them also may be probably thought counterfeited III. The Coins of the Britains are not unlike those of the antient Gauls as those of our Saxons to those of the first race of the Kings of the Franks who settled in France near the time that the Saxons invaded Britain concerning which a farther account shall be given by and by But in this we find the Saxons as the English after them to differ both from the Gauls and Franks that they did not so often change the weight or value of their Coins much less raised and decryed the same piece according to the pleasure or necessities of the Prince An action lawful indeed but without very great caution detrimental and prejudicial to the Subject But in this themselves confess the English to understand their interest better than the French IV. I can hardly satisfie my self why we have so many Coins of Cunobeline and so few of other Princes more famous at least in Roman story for of British Historians we have none certainly antienter than Gildas and he only speaks of those near or of his own time But we have nothing of Caratacus Arviragus c. but conjectural Some of those of Cunobeline I know are modern perhaps also Cuno signifying as Camden observes a Prince may be applied especially since many Coins have no more than Cuno to divers Princes and is added to the end of the names of several mentioned in Gildas perhaps also he reigned a long time But the best reason seems to be either because he lived some while at Rome or that London was then a famous city for trade and therefore had both more money and better preserved Remarks upon Mr. Camden's Conjectures I am not satisfied in the first of Mr. Camden If it be a Janus I had rather apply it to the shutting of Janus's Temple by Augustus in whose time Cunobeline lived at Rome and both himself and the Britains were benefited by that general peace But I fear that is not the head of Janus for the faces upon his Temple and Coins were divers one old the other young but this seems made for two young women's faces whether Cunobeline's wives sisters or children I know not To the third I conceive the horse was so frequently stamped upon their Coins because of their extraordinary goodness in this country The like is upon divers Cities and Provinces in Gallia Or to shew that they were in their own opinion excellent horsemen The Boar also and Bull were Emblems of strength courage and fierceness and I find that antiently the Romans used for their Ensigns horses wolves boars c. till Caius Marius's third Consulship who then first ordained the Eagle only to be the standing Ensign of the Legions as Trajan after the Dacian War set up Dragons for Ensigns of the Cohorts In the sixth the horse seems fasten'd by one fore and the opposite hinder-foot to some weight as if it signified the invention of one of their Princes to teach them some pace or motion The wheel under him amongst the Romans intimated the making of an Highway for Carts So many of which being in the Romans time made in this country well deserved such a memorial The seventh Novane seems to be the same with the two and twentieth wherein is Tasci Novanit some unknown city in the Dominion of Cunobeline Reverse a hog and wolf concorporated The ninth Speed thinks probably to be Caractacus the valiant and renowned King of the Silures The Britains called him Caradaue and gave him the Epithets Uric fras forti brachia But others read it Epatica which may keep its native signification since we find Parsly the Palm Vine Myrtle Cynoglossum Laserpitium and other plants sometimes figured sometimes only named upon Coins as you may find in Spanhemius Com. in the tenth I cannot conceive to have been Comius made by Caesar King of the Atrebates Arras because he seems not to have had any power in Britain where the greatest part of his stay was in prison and at his return into his own country he headed a rebellion against the Romans Besides in other Coins it is Comm. which either signifies some City or other Community to have coined it or to have been stamped in the time of Commodus the Emperor For I cannot think it signified Commorus by Greg. Turon or Venant Fortunatus named Duke of Britannia Armorica A. C. 550. The thirteenth an Octogone seems to have been of a Christian Prince for by it the Christians anciently figured the Font for baptism In Gruter's Inscriptions p. 1166. are verses of St. Ambrose upon the Font of St. Tecla
lost themselves though the very name points it out and discovers it plainly to them be they never so blind Many have sought for it in the west of England as that notable man who thought he carry'd the Sun of Antiquities about with him others in Scotland others have with Leland affirm'd Colchester to be the place when all this while the name is very little alter'd and instead of Camalodunum 't is call'd at present Maldon Maldon in Saxon Maledune and Mealdune the greatest part of the word still remaining whole and entire Nor are the plain reliques of the name the only argument for this assertion but the distance too from the Mona of Pliny and the very situation in an ancient Itinerary-table are as plain proofs as any in the world I scarce dare be so bold as conjecture that this place was so call'd from the God Camulus The Gâ—d Camuâ—us yet is there some grounds for such a fancy from Mars's being worship'd under this name and from an old stone at Rome in the house of the Collotians and from altars that have been found with this inscription CAMVLO DEO SANCTO ET FORTISSIMO And upon an old Coin of Cunobeline whose chief seat this was as I have before observ'd I have seen a figure with a helmet and a spear which might probably be design'd for that of Mars with the Letters CAMV But because at present that piece is not in my hands I shall present you here with some others of the same Cunobeline which seem to relate to this Camalodunm He govern'd the Eastern part of the Island in the reign of Tiberius and is suppos'd to have had 3 sons Admimus Togodumnus and Catacratus Admimus being expell'd the kingdom by his father and receiv'd by C. Caligula accompanied him into Batavia on that ridiculous expedition to put a terrour upon Britain As for Togodumnus Aulus Plautius overcame and kill'd him in a fair battel and the same person having put Catacratus to the rout See the Romans in britain as I have mention'd in another place carried him to Rome to grace his Ovation or lesser sort of Triumph This is that Plautius who by the advice of one Caius Bericus a British exile pretences for war continually offering themselves first after Julius Caesar made an attempt on Britain under the Emperour Claudius Claudius in Britain whom Claudius himself soon follow'd with the whole force of the Empire †Dio Câ—ss l. 60. See afterwards under the title Nesse and abundance of Elephants the bones of which being casually found have given rise to several groundless stories Passing the Thames he put the Britains to flight that stood to receive him on the other side and easily possess'd himself of this Camalodunum For which atchievements his son being honour'd with the title of Britannicus and himself often saluted Emperour six months after his setting out he return'd to Rome But I have spoke of these matters more fully in another place and am not willing to trouble the Reader with a repetition of them here Camalodunum being thus reduced under the subjection of the Romans Claudius placed here a stout band of Veterans for a Colony and coined money in memory of this action with the following Inscription Colonia Camalodunum COL CAMALODVN From which it appears that this happen'd in the twelfth year of that Emperour which falls in with the year of Christ 52. In an old Inscription which you have here set down 't is call'd COLONIA VICTRICENSIS from the Veterans of the fourteenth Legion which had the name of Gemina Martia Victrix whom Tacitus calls the Conquerours of Britain CN MVNATIVS M.F. PAL AVRELIVS BASSVS PROC AVG. PRAEF FABR. PRAEF COH III. SAGITTARIORVM PRAEF COH ITERVM II. ASTVRVM CENSITOR CIVIVM ROMANORVM COLONIAE VICTRICENSIS QVAE EST IN BRITANNIA CAMALODVNI c. Now a Colony if the knowledge of this be material is a body of men brought into a fortify'd place Servius and invested with the right of possession These for the most part were Veterans both that provision might be made for them and that they might defend the place against rebels and inure the friends and allies of the Romans to the laws and customs of the Empire These Colonies were in great honour and esteem being as it were Tacitus â—f this Câ— images and representations of the city of Rome They had their Magistrates too superiour and inferiour of which since others have given us an account already 't would be unnecessary for me to spend my time in describing them In this Roman Colony the first in Britain was a temple erected to the honour of Claudius Tacitus calls it The Aâ— and Temp e to Claudâ—â—s The altar of eternal dominion Seneca too takes notice of it in his scoffing Satyr on the death and deification of that Emperour 'T is no great matter saith he that Claudius hath a temple in Britain which the barbarous people now worship and adore as a deity For there were Priests chosen to his honour namely the Sodales Augustales who under pretence of religion juggl'd the poor Britains out of their fortunes and estates But after ten years space the course of things changed and this Colony was utterly ruined For when the Veterans that were brought into this country after it had been subdued exercis'd too cruel a tyranny over their poor subjects the sparks of the war which had lay conceal'd for so long a time broke out into a more violent flame than ever The Britains under the conduct of Bunduica or Boodicia plunder'd and burnt this Colony that was secur'd with no fortifications and in two days space storm'd the temple where the Soldiers had got together to defend themselves routed the ninth Legion that was coming to their assistance â—â—â—avs â—0000 and in a word kill'd 70000 Romans and Allies This dreadful slaughter was foretold by several prodigies Prodigies The image of Victory in this city turn'd it self round and fell to the earth In the Court were heard strange cries and the Theaters sounded with howling and groans houses were seen under the water of Thames and the neighbouring bay overflow'd with blood This day we since call Blackwater though I know not for what reason as Ptolemy calls it Idumanus â—â—â—manus which seems in some manner to denote the same Ydu in British signifying black Yet the Romans rais'd it again out of its ashes for Antoninus makes mention of it a long time after this During the Saxon government we scarce find it nam'd only Marian informs us that Edward son to King Alfred restor'd Malduna which had been ruin'd by the Danish fury and fortified it with a castle William the Conquerour as we read in Domesday had in it 180 houses held by the Burgesses and 18 Mansions laid waste At present for largeness and store of inhabitants it is justly reckon'd among the chief towns of this County and is call'd by the Lawyers the
a †â—â—â—tim yard or farm and also a river-island or any place surrounded with water as Keysers-wert and Bomelsweort in Germany signifie Caesar's-Island and Bomelus's Island In the time of the Mercian Kingdom this was a royal seat and as it is in the Lieger-book of Worcester a very eminent place Afterwards it was destroy'd in the Danish wars but rebuilt by Aethelfleda the Mercian and Editha the daughter of King Edgar who declining marriage for the love of Chastity is kalender'd among the she-saints and founded a little house for Nuns here which was some few years after translated to Pollesworth by the Marmions of Normandy when they built a Collegiate Church here wherein some of their tombs are still extant having had the town given them by William the Conquerour Here likewise they built a neat Castle which from them went by the Frevils to the Ferrars a family descended from a younger brother of the Barons Ferrars of Groby These Marmions as 't is in history were hereditary Champions to the Kings of England King's â—â—â—ons 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 For upon every Coronation of a new King of England the heir of this family was bound to ride arm'd in compleat harness into the King's hall and in a set form challenge any man to duel that would dare to withstand the King 's right And this is certain from the Publick Records that Alexander Frevill in the reign of Edward 3. Ed. 3. held this same castle by that kind of service Yet the Frevills lost this honor in the Coronation of Rich. 2. 5 When Baldwin Frevil inhibited his petition for the same it was adjudg'd from this family to Sir John Dimock his Competitor descended also from Marmion and producing more authentick Records and Evidences which went by marriage to the family of Dimocks in Lincolnshire d But now to return Watling-street at the bridge of Falkesley already mention'd that military Roman-way which I have often before spoke of and shall have occasion still to take notice of hereafter enters this County and crossing it almost in a streight line runs westwardly to Shropshire I survey'd it very accurately in hopes of finding Etocetum Eâ—ocetum which Antoninus makes the next Station after Manvessedum and with good luck I have at last found it and must ingenuously own my self to have been quite wrong heretofore For at that distance which Antoninus makes between Manvessedum and Etocetum I happen'd to meet with the ruins of an old city near this way scarce a mile southward from Lichfield eminent for the Bishop's See there The name of the place is at this day in English Wall Wall from the remains of the walls there extant which encompass about two acres of ground call'd the Castle-croft as if one should say the Castle-field Near this stood another ancient little city on the other side the way which was demolish'd before William the Conquerour's time as the inhabitants from an old tradition tell us and they shew the place where the Temple stood guessing it to be so from the greatness of the foundation and produce many Coyns of the Roman Caesars which are always the most infallible proofs of Antiquity e But that which mainly makes for this point is that the Military-way continues from hence very fair plain and almost without any breach till 't is cross'd and interrupted by the river Penck and hath a stone bridge built over it at Pennocrucium Pennocrucium so call'd from the river and standing at the same distance which Antoninus has made The town has not quite lost that name at this day being for Pennocrucium call'd Penckridge Penckridge At present 't is only a small village famous for a Horse-fair which Hugh Blunt or Flavus the Lord of it obtain'd of King Edward 2. f From hence there is nothing memorable in the County upon this road 6 But at a small distance from thence is Breewood a market-town where the Bishops of the Diocese had a seat before the Conquest and then near Weston is that clear unless it be that clear and pretty-broad lake near Weston by which the way continues in a direct line to Oken-yate in Shropshire And now for the middle-part of the County water'd by the Trent in describing of which my design is to trace the river from its first rise following its course and windings The Trent The river Trent which in comparison is the third best river in England springs from two neighbouring fountains 7 In the north part of this Shire and amidst the moors or marshes in the upper part of this County to the westward Some ignorant and idle pretenders do imagine that name deriv'd from the French word Trente and upon that account have feign'd thirty rivers all running into it and likewise so many kinds of fish swimming in it the names of which the people thereabouts have compris'd in English rhyme Neither do they stick to ascribe to this river what the Hungarians attribute to their Tibiscus namely that it consists of two parts water and the third fish From the rise of it it first runs southward with many windings not far from New-Castle under Lime Newcastle under Lime so call'd upon the account of an older Castle which formerly stood not far from it at Chesterton under Lime where I saw the ruinous and shatter'd walls of an old Castle which first belong'd to Ranulph Earl of Chester by the gift of King John and after by the bounty of Henry 3. to the house of Lancaster g Then by Trentham Trentham heretofore Tricingham a little Monastery of that holy and royal Virgin Werburga h from whence it hastens to Stone Stone a market-town which had its rise in the Saxon time and its name from those Stones which our Ancestors were accustom'd yearly to heap together to denote the place where Wolpherus that most heathen King of the Mercians barbarously slew his sons Vulfald and Rufin for turning Christians At which place when after ages had consecrated a little Church to their memory a town presently grew up which the History of Peterborough Historia Petroburgensis tells us was call'd Stone from these stones From Stone the Trent runs smooth and easie by Sandon formerly the seat of the Staffords a knightly and very famous family but of late of Sampson Erdeswick Erdeswick by inheritance a very eminent man who has nicely enquir'd into the venerable matters of Antiquity and is no less memorable upon this account than for being directly in the male-line descended from Hugh de Vernon Baron of Shipbroc this name being varied by change of habitation Name chang'd and alter'd as the person shifted his habitation first into Holgrave and after that into Erdeswick Here the Trent turns towards the East with Canocwood on the South of it commonly Cankwood Cankwood which is every way of great extent and at last receives the river Sow on the left This
duties and therefore 't is not strange that a Colony should be converted into a Municipium But to what purpose is this nicety For the difference between those two words is not always precisely observ'd in the History of the Caesars but sometimes both Colonia and Municipium promiscuously apply'd to one and the same place Yet from the Coins before-mention'd I dare hardly affirm this Colony to have been planted here by Severus seeing Ptolemy 13 And Antonine himself tells us that in the time of the Antonines this was the station of the sixth Legion However we read that Severus Severus had his Palace here and that he died in this city with these words in his mouth The Common-wealth was disorder'd in all parts when I receiv'd it yet I leave it all in peace and good temper even to the Britains His Corps were also brought out after the Roman manner by the Souldiers and committed to the flames and the day solemniz'd with races by his sons and souldiers at a certain place under the town not far to the west near Ackham where stands yet a huge mount which Radulphus Niger tells us was in his time call'd Sivers from Severus His ashes were preserv'd in a golden Urn or a vessel of Porphyrite-stone and transferr'd to Rome where it was laid in the monument of the Antonines I must not forget to take notice that there stood a Temple dedicated to Bellona in this City for Spartian speaking of the City says That Severus coming into it Bellona's Temple and intending to offer sacrifice was first conducted to the Temple of Bellona by a mistake of an ignorant Augur And that it was then so happy as to have justice administred to it by that great Oracle of the Law Aemilius Paulus Papinianus Forcatulus has told us From this City the Emperours Severus and Antoninus upon a question arising about the sense of the Law dated their Rescript de Rei Vindicatione About a hundred years after the death of Severus Constantius Chlorus Fla. Val. Constantius sirnam'd Chlorus an excellent Emperour endow'd with all moral and christian virtues came to this City as the Panegyrist has it the Gods calling him hither as to the remotest part of the world Here he died likewise and was afterwards deified as appears by the old Coins And tho' Florilegus tells us that his Tomb was found in Wales as I have already observ'd yet I have been inform'd by credible persons that at the suppression of Monasteries in the last age there was found a Lamp burning in the vault of a little Chapel here and Constantius was thought to be buried there Lazius tells us that the ancients had an art of dissolving gold into a fat liquor and of preparing it so that it would continue burning in the Sepulchres for many ages Constantine the Great Constantius by his first wife Helena had issue Constantinus Maximus in Inscriptions stiled Romanae Urbis Liberator Quietis fundator and Reipublicae instaurator who here received the last gasp of his dying father and was immediately made Emperour The Souldiers as the Panegyrist says regarding rather the benefit of the State than their own private interests cast the robes upon him whilst he wept and clapt spurs to his horse to avoid the importunity of the army attempting at that instant to make him Emperour but at last his modesty gave way to the happiness of the State And therefore he exclaims at last O fortunate Britain now blessed above all Nations for having seen Constantine first Emperour Again Liberavit ille Britannias servitute tu etiam nobiles illic oriendo fecisti i.e. He rescued the Britains from slavery but thou hast enobled them by being born there For in the judgment of the learned Baronius and others this passage refers to the native Country of Constantine But I will not here repeat what I have already said From all this it may be inferr'd what figure Eboracum then made in the world seeing it was the Seat of the Roman Emperours Our own Historians tell us pp This account is not too well grounded See Fuller's Churâ—h Hist A. D. 305. that it was made an Episcopal See by Constantius But that Taurinus the Martyr Bishop of the Eburovices or Eureux presided here I am not inclin'd with others Vincentii Speculum Historiale to believe for Vincentius by whom they were tainted with this errour would confute me with his own words When the Romans withdrew themselves and left Britain a prey to barbarous Nations such a weighty share of miseries fell to this City that towards the end of the Scotch and Saxon wars it was nothing but the mere fame and Echo of what it had been For when Paulinus preached Christianity to the Saxons of this Province it was reduced so low that the whole City could not afford so much as a small Church wherein to baptize King Edwin who in the year 627. rais'd a fabrick of wood for Divine Service and after that intending to build another of stone he had hardly laid the foundation but he died leaving the work to be finisht by his successor King Oswald From this time the City began to be great in Ecclesiastical affairs Pope Honorius sent it a Pall Scotland formerly subjeâ—â— to the Arch-bishop of York See in Scotland and it was made a Metropolitan City endowed with soveraignty not only over twelve Sees here in England but over all the Bishopricks of Scotland But Scotland hath disown'd her Prerogative many years since and she her self hath swallowed up several small inconsiderable Bishopricks hereabouts so that the whole Province is now reduc'd to the four Sees of Durham Chester Carlisle and Man or Sodor in the Isle of Man Egbert an Arch-bishop of this See who lived about the year 740. founded a noble Library The Library here these are the words of Malmsbury a Treasury and Cabinet if I may so express my self enrich'd with all Arts and Sciences Of which also Alcuinus of York who was Tutor to Charles the great the first Author of an Academy at Paris as also the great glory of this City makes mention of it in his Epistle to the said Charles the great Flâ—ccus Alcuinus or Albinus flourish'd about 780. Give me such excellent and learned Books for Scholastick Divinity as I have seen in my own Country collected by the useful and pious industry of Egbert Arch-bishop And if it seem proper to your Wisdom I will send some of your own servants who may copy out of them such things as be necessary and so transport the flowers of Britain into France that this garden may no longer be confined to York but somethirg of that Paradise may be transplanted to q Here Alcuinus dy'd A. D. 780. and was buried in a s all Convent appendant to his Monastery of St. Martin's where he was Abbot Fuller's Worth p. 227. from Bale who ranks him the third English man for learning Tours