Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
church_n	time_n	zeal_n	zealous_a	168	3	8.7188	4	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A62186	A treatise of matters beneficiary by Fra Paolo Sarpi ... ; newly translated out of Italian according to the best and most perfect copy printed at Mirandola, Anno Dom. 1676, wherein is related with the ground of the history, how the almes of the faithful were distributed in the primitive church, the particulars whereof the table sheweth.; Trattato delle materie beneficiarie. English	Sarpi, Paolo, 1552-1623.	1680 (1680)	Wing S701; ESTC R9432	97,268	84

for_o it_o prove_v not_o dammageble_a to_o the_o public_a nor_o burdensome_a to_o the_o commonalty_n for_o two_o reason_n one_o because_o ecclesiastical_a good_n be_v final_o the_o poors_z of_o the_o people_n and_o exempt_n those_o who_o have_v not_o and_o leave_v the_o contribution_n to_o those_o who_o have_v wherewithal_o be_v always_o account_v just_a the_o other_o because_o exempt_v a_o man_n when_o he_o have_v little_a and_o less_o than_o what_o suffice_v be_v no_o burden_n unto_o other_o nevertheless_o no_o man_n shall_v infer_v that_o the_o same_o liberality_n of_o prince_n towards_o the_o church_n will_v be_v just_a and_o convenient_a in_o these_o time_n also_o when_o it_o be_v grow_v so_o rich_a that_o it_o possess_v a_o quarter_n and_o without_o doubt_n more_o than_o what_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o person_n and_o this_o be_v not_o lay_v out_o any_o long_o for_o the_o poor_a so_o that_o to_o exempt_a they_o will_v be_v contrary_a to_o what_o good_a prince_n have_v do_v in_o exempt_v the_o rich_a and_o in_o lay_v their_o due_a burden_n on_o the_o poor_a wherefore_o the_o prince_n at_o present_a be_v no_o less_o pious_a than_o those_o then_o but_o the_o subject_n be_v different_a for_o these_o will_v also_o grant_v exemption_n to_o the_o church_n if_o it_o be_v poor_a and_o those_o will_v not_o have_v grant_v it_o if_o it_o have_v be_v rich._n the_o great_a devotion_n of_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o people_n as_o it_o cause_v the_o wealth_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o increase_v abundant_o so_o it_o excite_v a_o great_a thirst_n in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n to_o multiply_v it_o or_o heap_v it_o up_o from_o which_o excess_n not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o well-minded_a man_n be_v free_a for_o see_v how_o the_o distribution_n of_o ecclesiastical_a good_n fall_v to_o the_o glory_n of_o god_n 20._o n._n 20._o and_o to_o the_o common_a good_a they_o conclude_v that_o the_o more_o the_o church_n have_v to_o distribute_v the_o better_a it_o be_v whereupon_o they_o make_v use_v of_o all_o way_n and_o of_o all_o art_n to_o gain_v wealth_n not_o consider_v whether_o the_o mean_v they_o use_v be_v lawful_a and_o suitable_a unto_o equity_n so_o that_o if_o the_o effect_n do_v but_o ensue_v viz._n that_o the_o church_n may_v gain_v by_o any_o mean_n whatsoever_o she_o seem_v to_o have_v make_v a_o sacrifice_n unto_o god_n and_o certain_o immense_a and_o innumerable_a evil_n proceed_v from_o this_o sort_n of_o zealous_a person_n who_o do_v not_o use_v discretion_n with_o their_o zeal_n because_o it_o seem_v to_o they_o that_o every_o thing_n send_v for_o a_o religious_a end_n by_o what_o way_n soever_o to_o be_v good_a they_o oftentimes_o act_n against_o piety_n and_o against_o humanity_n put_v the_o world_n into_o a_o confusion_n thus_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n that_o the_o church_n obtain_v power_n to_o acquire_v real_a estate_n it_o be_v believe_v by_o some_o religious_a man_n to_o be_v a_o service_n of_o god_n to_o deprive_v their_o own_o child_n and_o kindred_n to_o give_v to_o the_o church_n for_o which_o cause_n also_o they_o omit_v no_o art_n to_o induce_v widow_n damsel_n 21._o n._n 21._o and_o other_o easy_a person_n to_o deprive_v their_o own_o family_n to_o leave_v to_o the_o church_n the_o disorder_n pass_v so_o speedy_o the_o bound_n of_o be_v overcome_v that_o the_o prince_n be_v necessitate_v to_o provide_v against_o it_o and_o in_o the_o year_n 370_o 370._o statute_n of_o mortmain_n ao._n 370._o a_o law_n be_v make_v which_o although_o it_o do_v not_o deprive_v the_o church_n from_o acquire_v or_o purchase_v absolute_o yet_o it_o prohibit_v the_o clergy_n from_o go_v unto_o widow_n house_n and_o orphan_n and_o from_o receive_v by_o gift_n or_o by_o will_n any_o thing_n from_o woman_n not_o only_o direct_o but_o also_o by_o mean_n of_o any_o three_o person_n which_o law_n st._n hierome_n confess_v to_o have_v be_v a_o remedy_n against_o the_o corruption_n enter_v among_o the_o clergy_n and_o go_v too_o forward_o in_o the_o desire_n of_o get_v temporal_a estate_n neither_o do_v that_o suffice_v for_o within_o few_o year_n after_o that_o be_v in_o 390_o 390._o ao._n 390._o another_o law_n be_v make_v that_o a_o widow_n who_o devote_a herself_o to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o church_n can_v not_o give_v or_o leave_v to_o it_o by_o will_v any_o real_a estate_n or_o precious_a householdstuff_n which_o be_v discourse_v of_o at_o large_a elsewhere_o this_o excess_n of_o get_v be_v not_o very_o please_v to_o st._n augustin_n 22._o n._n 22._o who_o live_v in_o those_o day_n for_o he_o open_o declare_v that_o it_o please_v he_o better_o that_o inheritance_n shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o next_o of_o kin_n than_o to_o the_o church_n and_o indeed_o he_o refuse_v some_o inheritance_n leave_v unto_o his_o church_n say_v open_o the_o ecclesiastical_a ministry_n consist_v not_o in_o distribute_v much_o but_o in_o distribute_v well_o likewise_o he_o reprove_v a_o new_a way_n the_o church_n have_v of_o purchase_v find_v out_o in_o those_o day_n which_o be_v buy_v real_a estate_n with_o the_o advance_v make_v upon_o the_o income_n or_o rent_n which_o way_n that_o holy_a man_n always_o abhor_v neither_o will_v he_o ever_o permit_v it_o in_o his_o church_n for_o he_o declare_v in_o his_o public_a sermon_n that_o he_o have_v rather_o live_v upon_o the_o oblation_n and_o collection_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o primitive_a time_n of_o the_o church_n than_o to_o have_v a_o care_n of_o possession_n which_o be_v burdensome_a to_o he_o and_o hinder_v he_o from_o attend_v entire_o upon_o the_o principal_a charge_n of_o a_o bishop_n that_o be_v of_o spiritual_a thing_n add_v further_o that_o he_o be_v prepare_v to_o renounce_v all_o possession_n 23._o n._n 23._o if_o a_o livelihood_n be_v provide_v for_o the_o servant_n of_o god_n and_o minister_n as_o in_o the_o old_a testament_n by_o way_n of_o tithe_n or_o of_o other_o oblation_n without_o be_v subject_n to_o the_o distraction_n which_o the_o care_n of_o earthly_a thing_n bring_v along_o with_o it_o but_o for_o all_o the_o check_n of_o the_o holy_a father_n through_o their_o good_a exhortation_n and_o of_o the_o prince_n by_o their_o good_a law_n the_o ecclesiastical_a good_n can_v not_o be_v hinder_v from_o increase_a above_o what_o they_o ought_v only_o the_o ancient_a manner_n of_o govern_v and_o of_o bestow_v they_o remain_v and_o last_v till_o the_o year_n 420_o without_o any_o notable_a alteration_n beside_o all_o the_o oblation_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a income_n proceed_v from_o real_a estate_n be_v in_o common_a and_o govern_v by_o the_o deacon_n by_o the_o subdeacon_n and_o by_o other_o steward_n be_v their_o assistant_n and_o distribute_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n and_o of_o the_o poor_a the_o college_n of_o priest_n and_o the_o bishop_n be_v principal_o the_o intendant_o and_o in_o short_a a_o account_n of_o all_o receipt_n and_o disbursment_n be_v keep_v so_o that_o the_o bishop_n dispose_v of_o every_o thing_n the_o deacon_n execute_v it_o 24._o n._n 24._o and_o all_o the_o clergy_n live_v upon_o what_o the_o church_n have_v although_o all_o do_v not_o administer_v st._n john_n chrisostome_n make_v mention_v that_o in_o those_o day_n the_o church_n of_o antioch_n feed_v above_o 3000_o person_n at_o the_o public_a expense_n it_o be_v also_o a_o thing_n certain_a that_o the_o church_n of_o jerusalem_n bear_v the_o expense_n of_o a_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o person_n which_o happen_v there_o from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n it_o be_v record_v in_o history_n that_o atticus_n bishop_n of_o constantinople_n assist_v the_o church_n of_o nicaea_n in_o bythinia_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a concourse_n of_o poor_a people_n in_o that_o city_n which_o be_v number_v to_o 10000_o in_o one_o day_n but_o after_o france_n spain_n and_o africa_n be_v divide_v from_o the_o empire_n and_o erect_v into_o distinct_a kingdom_n and_o the_o succession_n of_o theodosius_n extinct_a italy_n after_o the_o inundation_n of_o divers_a barbarous_a people_n be_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o goth_n west_n division_n of_o the_o east_n from_o the_o west_n and_o the_o east_n divide_v from_o the_o west_n the_o church_n be_v also_o different_o govern_v the_o eastern_a church_n follow_v the_o common_a government_n already_o institute_v 25._o n._n 25._o in_o the_o western_a the_o bishop_n by_o administrator_n and_o superintendent_o begin_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n and_o to_o govern_v the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n in_o a_o arbitrary_a manner_n from_o whence_o proceed_v a_o great_a confusion_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o say_a good_n and_o chief_o to_o the_o damage_n of_o building_n which_o fall_v to_o ruin_n and_o of_o the_o poor_a who_o be_v

cause_n though_o indeed_o they_o never_o want_v pretext_n to_o feign_v a_o cause_n and_o whosever_v possess_v by_o a_o title_n of_o his_o own_o and_o be_v content_a to_o acknowledge_v it_o for_o another_o man_n favour_n be_v like_o he_o who_o leave_v his_o own_o ground_n go_v to_o build_v on_o another_o man_n but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n when_o some_o prince_n have_v break_v patience_n 113._o n._n 113._o confer_v some_o principal_a benefice_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o sicily_n oftentimes_o do_v the_o pope_n not_o to_o engage_v in_o contention_n say_v nothing_o more_o to_o the_o prince_n but_o not_o to_o let_v themselves_o be_v prejudice_v they_o wrought_v by_o practice_n through_o the_o monk_n mean_n that_o the_o elect_v shall_v renounce_v into_o the_o pope_n hand_n promise_v he_o he_o shall_v be_v invest_v by_o the_o pope_n and_o so_o shall_v have_v that_o quiet_o wherewith_o if_o he_o have_v not_o be_v content_v the_o pope_n will_v have_v oppose_v it_o and_o bring_v all_o into_o difficulty_n of_o these_o practice_n then_o use_v frequent_o by_o the_o pope_n florentius_n of_o wingerin_n and_o ivo_n carnotensis_n who_o be_v writer_n in_o those_o time_n make_v a_o long_a relation_n as_o of_o a_o thing_n usual_o do_v in_o germany_n and_o in_o france_n with_o this_o form_n of_o word_n that_o the_o pope_n take_v with_o one_o hand_n and_o give_v again_o with_o the_o other_o this_o agreement_n be_v easy_o accept_v as_o that_o which_o free_v one_o from_o trouble_n and_o molestation_n and_o the_o same_o king_n if_o he_o come_v to_o reflect_v afterward_o 114._o n._n 114._o whether_o he_o pass_v it_o as_o a_o thing_n which_o make_v no_o alteration_n in_o effect_n without_o consider_v that_o it_o may_v import_v for_o the_o future_a which_o manner_n they_o now_o make_v use_n of_o against_o the_o catholic_n bishop_n in_o germany_n who_o do_v not_o obey_v their_o reservation_n as_o shall_v be_v speak_v of_o in_o its_o place_n in_o spain_n the_o quiet_a and_o prudent_a disposition_n of_o the_o nation_n together_o with_o the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o king_n be_v cause_n that_o in_o so_o universal_a a_o change_n they_o pass_v it_o quiet_o perhaps_o forward_v hereunto_o by_o the_o exercise_n the_o saracen_n give_v they_o which_o make_v they_o think_v of_o remain_v unite_v to_o their_o king_n and_o of_o live_v in_o quietness_n the_o king_n never_o go_v about_o subject_v the_o clergy_n more_o than_o convenient_a and_o they_o never_o make_v a_o league_n with_o stranger_n to_o exempt_v themselves_o from_o the_o king_n more_o than_o their_o due_n as_o soon_o also_o as_o the_o king_n perceive_v that_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v by_o power_n by_o terror_n or_o by_o practice_n obtain_v something_o in_o other_o kingdom_n they_o endeavour_v to_o accommodate_v themselves_o according_a to_o those_o thing_n 115._o n._n 115._o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o may_v make_v the_o least_o alteration_n possible_a in_o their_o government_n for_o as_o touch_v the_o custom_n of_o time_n past_a the_o bishop_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n be_v ordain_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n the_o abovesaid_a alteration_n be_v make_v in_o other_o kingdom_n and_o state_n they_o will_v not_o lay_v hold_n on_o a_o contention_n with_o the_o pope_n but_o by_o a_o prudent_a compliance_n they_o be_v content_v that_o no_o bishop_n shall_v be_v ordain_v without_o their_o consent_n and_o alphonso_n the_o 6_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o seek_v for_o vrban_n the_o second_o approbation_n who_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n the_o jus_n patronatus_n of_o all_o the_o church_n in_o his_o kingdom_n those_o king_n have_v proceed_v quite_o otherwise_o than_o the_o german_n french_a and_o english_a they_o be_v content_a to_o acknowledge_v for_o another_o favour_n that_o which_o be_v their_o own_o so_o that_o it_o may_v serve_v to_o enjoy_v it_o more_o peaceable_o these_o have_v strive_v that_o they_o may_v not_o acknowledge_v their_o own_o from_o another_o man_n but_o all_o with_o prudence_n these_o see_v there_o be_v a_o way_n to_o lose_v all_o 116._o n._n 116._o and_o to_o become_v subject_n because_o the_o pope_n demand_v not_o the_o utmost_a scope_n of_o his_o intention_n but_o a_o degree_n of_o proceed_v further_o his_o subject_n consider_v chief_o the_o clergyman_n inclinable_a unto_o liberty_n not_o to_o say_v licence_n and_o therefore_o ready_a to_o agree_v with_o the_o stranger_n to_o diminish_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o prince_n whereupon_o they_o see_v it_o necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o door_n open_a by_o which_o they_o may_v have_v recourse_n but_o the_o spaniard_n be_v confident_a of_o the_o quietness_n of_o their_o subject_n have_v no_o reason_n to_o fear_v that_o sudden_o they_o will_v move_v for_o a_o recourse_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o consider_v the_o anxiety_n of_o their_o affair_n in_o those_o time_n they_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o fear_v lest_o those_o who_o have_v be_v able_a to_o make_v subject_n rebel_n against_o prince_n so_o much_o great_a than_o they_o shall_v use_v the_o same_o art_n and_o therefore_o they_o resolve_v most_o prudent_o to_o receive_v speedy_o that_o which_o great_a than_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o tolerate_v after_o much_o war_n now_o for_o a_o conclusion_n 117._o n._n 117._o in_o the_o time_n which_o pass_v between_o 1122_o that_o henry_n make_v his_o renuntiation_n unto_o 1145_o it_o be_v establish_v almost_o every_o where_o that_o the_o bishop_n be_v dead_a the_o choice_n of_o the_o successor_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o chapter_n of_o canon_n and_o shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o metropolitan_a and_o if_o the_o abbot_n be_v dead_a the_o election_n shall_v be_v make_v by_o the_o monk_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o bishop_n if_o the_o monastery_n be_v unexempt_v if_o it_o be_v exempt_v it_o shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o pope_n other_o benefice_n which_o be_v the_o jure_n patronatus_n be_v confer_v by_o the_o bishop_n on_o the_o patron_n be_v presentation_n all_o other_o be_v at_o the_o free_a episcopal_a dispose_n the_o popedom_n of_o rome_n remain_v for_o the_o prince_n be_v exclude_v it_o seem_v that_o it_o ought_v to_o return_v to_o the_o free_a election_n of_o the_o people_n but_o from_o the_o year_n 1145_o innocent_a the_o second_o have_v a_o difference_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o be_v drive_v from_o the_o city_n by_o they_o â˜ž_o â˜ž_o he_o in_o counterchange_n deprive_v they_o of_o the_o power_n of_o choose_v the_o pope_n in_o the_o trouble_n which_o happen_v for_o the_o cause_n abovesaid_a many_o city_n be_v in_o a_o uproar_v by_o the_o bishop_n confederate_a with_o the_o pope_n which_o revolt_a from_o the_o emperor_n 118._o n._n 118._o and_o be_v head_v by_o the_o bishop_n whereby_o they_o obtain_v the_o public_a incom_n and_o the_o regal_a right_n or_o duty_n and_o when_o the_o difference_n be_v compose_v they_o have_v take_v so_o firm_a possession_n that_o the_o prince_n be_v necessitate_v to_o grant_v they_o in_o feudo_fw-la or_o fealty_n that_o which_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la they_o have_v usurp_v to_o themselves_o by_o which_o they_o acquire_v also_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n marquess_n and_o earl_n as_o many_o of_o they_o be_v in_o germany_n who_o remain_v still_o such_o both_o in_o name_n and_o in_o fact_n but_o in_o italy_n in_o name_n only_o which_o make_v clergyman_n a_o great_a quantity_n of_o secular_a good_n and_o the_o augmentation_n be_v very_o notable_a not_o only_o during_o the_o trouble_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v but_o also_o in_o those_o which_o follow_v under_o the_o swevian_a emperor_n the_o monk_n in_o this_o time_n have_v intermeddle_v great_o in_o favour_v the_o undertake_n of_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o prince_n for_o which_o they_o lose_v somewhat_o of_o their_o reputation_n of_o holiness_n and_o indeed_o there_o be_v also_o lose_v much_o of_o the_o discipline_n 119._o n._n 119._o and_o regular_a observance_n in_o monastery_n because_o they_o intermeddle_v or_o creep_v into_o the_o negotiation_n of_o state_n and_o of_o war_n wherefore_o their_o acquire_a or_o purchase_v cease_v also_o unless_o in_o some_o little_a congregation_n new_o institute_v in_o tuscany_n who_o intermedle_v not_o in_o these_o commotion_n but_o preserve_v their_o discipline_n and_o therefore_o the_o devotion_n of_o the_o people_n continue_v towards_o they_o they_o be_v instrument_n of_o acquire_v new_a estate_n but_o yet_o not_o many_o they_o be_v but_o few_o but_o another_o occasion_n happen_v which_o cause_v great_a acquisition_n in_o the_o time_n whereof_o have_v be_v speak_v which_o be_v the_o warfar_o of_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o the_o heat_n of_o zeal_n be_v then_o so_o earnest_n roman-church_n the_o holy_a war_n contribute_v great_a wealth_n to_o the_o roman-church_n for_o go_v and_o for_o contribute_v to_o the_o gain_n of_o it_o that_o man_n make_v no_o account_n

ill_o dispose_v the_o revenue_n n_z 133._o bishop_n their_o election_n call_v by_o anselm_n bishop_n of_o lucca_n pope_n 27_o 60_o 95_o 162._o their_o care_n 38._o make_v patron_n of_o church_n good_n 14_o 25._o their_o practice_n 30._o bull_n of_o the_o pope_n of_o small_a effect_n n_z 205._o various_a clause_n insert_v n_z 186._o c_o canon_n the_o original_a of_o the_o name_n and_o their_o institution_n n._n 66._o canonist_n and_o their_o sentiment_n n_z 79._o 144_o 145_o 161_o 223_o 227_o 228._o cardinal_n their_o original_a from_o the_o word_n incardinato_n n._n 52._o cardinal_n caietan_n his_o opinion_n concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o benefice_n n._n 239._o carolo_n magno_fw-la reform_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n n._n 58._o but_o ill_a observe_v by_o his_o successor_n n._n 61._o cathedratico_fw-la of_o bishop_n what_o n._n 44._o censure_n of_o the_o church_n how_o fear_v n._n 75._o clergy_n ought_v to_o administer_v ecclesiastical_a good_n according_a to_o the_o canon_n n._n 227._o they_o be_v master_n of_o that_o which_o they_o receive_v for_o their_o labour_n 241._o the_o church_n may_v not_o possess_v stable_a good_n n._n 14_o 15._o its_o government_n be_v democratical_a n._n 64._o church_n of_o rome_n receive_v donation_n from_o all_o sort_n of_o person_n n._n 125._o the_o church_n of_o italy_n and_o out_o of_o italy_n in_o a_o sad_a condition_n n._n 73._o christ_n the_o head_n of_o the_o church_n and_o patron_n of_o the_o good_n thereof_o n._n 89._o st._n cyprian_n complain_v that_o the_o bishop_n keep_v that_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o poor_a and_o of_o other_o abuse_n n._n 14._o coadjutor_n ancient_a and_o laudable_a with_o future_a succession_n 201._o oppose_v and_o defend_v prohibit_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n n._n 202_o 211._o collection_n to_o what_o end_n n._n 11._o commendaes_n good_a in_o their_o institution_n n._n 149._o their_o abuse_n 150._o commendaes_n for_o life_n 151._o prohibit_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n 214._o but_o in_o vain_a 216._o council_n when_o they_o begin_v 64_o 65._o of_o constance_n 194._o of_o pavia_n 196._o of_o basil_n 199_o 203._o of_o trent_n 210._o consistory_n n._n 65._o concordato_fw-la above_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n n._n 204._o of_o leo_n the_o 10_o 207._o of_o francis_n the_o one_a n_z 209._o the_o observance_n be_v interrupt_v under_o henry_n the_o second_o n._n 209._o but_o in_o france_n it_o remain_v n._n 210._o confusion_n in_o the_o popedom_n in_o the_o 10_o age_n about_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n in_o italy_n n._n 72_o 92._o contention_n of_o the_o pope_n with_o the_o prince_n about_o investiture_n n._n 107_o 112._o of_o boniface_n the_o 8_o with_o philip_n the_o fair_a 212._o court_n of_o rome_n have_v acquire_v plenary_a authority_n to_o dispose_v of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n aim_v only_o at_o money_n 158_o 182._o conscience_n ought_v to_o resolve_v doubt_n n._n 243._o d_o decretal_a of_o gregory_n the_o 9th_o n._n 137._o disorder_n spring_v from_o the_o ordinary_a without_o give_v benefice_n n._n 54._o during_o schism_n 182_o 184._o deacon_n their_o first_o institution_n by_o who_o choose_v n._n 10._o in_o follow_a time_n 27._o dispensation_n reserve_v to_o the_o pope_n n._n 144._o dissolution_n n._n 125._o dominion_n of_o good_n ecclesiastic_a to_o who_o it_o do_v belong_v n._n 84._o donation_n make_v to_o the_o church_n n._n 89._o without_o particular_a use_n 17._o in_o fee_n 76._o e_o election_n of_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n n._n 26._o the_o manner_n of_o their_o election_n 117_o art_n to_o draw_v election_n to_o rome_n 134._o ancient_o they_o do_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o pope_n contrary_a to_o the_o canon_n 160._o epistle_n suppositious_a under_o the_o name_n of_o pope_n n._n 15._o exemption_n of_o ecclesiastic_n be_v just_a in_o former_a time_n n._n 18._o whether_o of_o divine_a or_o humane_a right_n 78._o expectancy_n or_o reversion_n blame_v and_o restrain_v 133._o f_o feud_n their_o name_n and_o original_a n._n 45._o gift_n in_o fee_n to_o the_o church_n 76._o find_a of_o good_n eclesiastical_a n._n 11_o 27._o france_n the_o king_n give_v the_o bishopric_n n._n 35._o the_o decree_n of_o paschal_n 11._o forbid_a laic_n to_o collate_v benefice_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o france_n 103._o the_o regalia_z remain_z in_o france_n 110._o the_o contention_n of_o boniface_n 8._o with_o philip_n the_o fair_a 112._o disposition_n of_o benefice_n 156_o 157._o st._n lewis_n make_v the_o pragmatica_fw-la 158._o edict_n of_o the_o king_n against_o the_o reserve_v 185._o opposition_n to_o those_o that_o will_v erect_v the_o mendicant_n 193._o they_o proceed_v against_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n 194._o regress_v give_v to_o the_o pope_n only_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o french_a 201._o lewis_n the_o second_o revoke_v the_o pragmatica_fw-la 208._o concordat_fw-la of_o leo_fw-la the_o 10_o with_o francis_n the_o one_a 207._o first-fruit_n 122._o g_o germany_n the_o emperor_n reserve_v a_o right_a to_o give_v one_o canonship_n in_o many_o church_n n._n 111._o refuse_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o reserve_v 184._o emperor_n constantine_n 17._o carolo_n magno_fw-la 58._o henry_n 3.97_o henry_n 4.98_o henry_n 5.103_o ottone_v sassone_n 93._o gl'_n ottone_v 96._o lothario_n sassone_n 109._o leone_n 166._o gratiano_z collect_v all_o that_o be_v repute_v proper_a for_o papal_a grandeur_n n._n 137._o st._n gregory_n refuse_v to_o ordain_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o citizen_n n._n 29._o exclaim_n against_o those_o that_o abuse_v the_o income_n of_o benefice_n 237._o good_n ecclesiastic_a ancient_o dispose_v to_o pious_a use_n but_o now_o otherwise_o n._n 1_o 2._o their_o beginning_n and_o how_o administer_v in_o christ_n time_n 3._o under_o the_o apostle_n 7._o their_o foundation_n 4._o their_o lawful_a use_n 11_o 12._o change_v by_o little_a and_o little_a 14_o 15._o they_o do_v not_o consist_v at_o first_o in_o stable_a good_n when_o stable_a good_n be_v give_v to_o the_o church_n 16._o confiscate_v restore_v 17._o good_n give_v to_o the_o church_n without_o special_a obligation_n of_o any_o particular_a work_n 17._o increase_v by_o be_v exempt_v from_o public_a contribution_n 18._o give_v with_o zeal_n though_o false_a and_o indiscreet_a 20._o law_n remedy_v their_o abuse_n 21._o their_o increase_n 23._o their_o ancient_a distribution_n last_v till_o 420.23_o after_o the_o separation_n from_o the_o empire_n it_o be_v retain_v in_o the_o eastern_a church_n 25._o in_o the_o west_n the_o bishop_n become_v patron_n 25._o how_o the_o good_n be_v divide_v the_o find_v of_o they_o still_o remain_v undivided_a 21._o whether_o jure_fw-la divino_fw-la or_o humano_fw-la and_o who_o have_v the_o dominion_n of_o they_o 76._o they_o be_v not_o exempt_v from_o common_a necessity_n 167._o few_o new_a acquisition_n in_o these_o last_o time_n 243._o i_o indulgence_n their_o institution_n abolition_n by_o p._n pius_n the_o 5_o but_o without_o effect_n 191._o jesuit_n their_o institution_n rich_a poor_a mix_v 244._o investiture_n england_n after_o long_a contention_n yield_v they_o to_o the_o pope_n n_z 108._o take_v away_o the_o benefice_n from_o roman_a courtier_n who_o in_o a_o manner_n ingross_v all_o n._n 152._o edward_n the_o 3d_o oppose_v the_o reserve_v 180._o the_o emperor_n renounce_v the_o reserve_v 105._o contention_n about_o they_o in_o france_n 108._o lothario_n the_o saxon_a leave_v they_o to_o the_o pope_n 109._o italy_n its_o church_n in_o a_o sad_a condition_n n._n 73._o ample_a authority_n of_o the_o pope_n convenient_a for_o italy_n 152._o provision_n make_v there_o against_o abuse_n 186._o stat._n of_o italy_n change_v after_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n 210._o m_o mendicant_o their_o grant_n to_o acquire_v good_n 193._o france_n oppose_v they_o 194._o militia_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n 199._o ecclesiastic_a minister_n pay_v nothing_o 124._o monk_n their_o original_a they_o be_v secular_a n._n 30._o they_o choose_v their_o abbot_n 32._o they_o be_v admit_v into_o affair_n of_o state_n and_o of_o war_n 115._o monastery_n their_o original_a n._n 30._o join_v with_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n 46._o in_o commenda_fw-la condemn_v by_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n but_o without_o execution_n 220._o n_o navarro_n canonist_n hold_v that_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o patron_n but_o dispenser_n and_o oblige_v to_o restitution_n 239._o norman_n help_v the_o pope_n 101._o o_o office_n divine_a give_v to_o canonical_a hour_n 141._o ordinato_fw-la and_o ordine_fw-la 50._o p_o papacy_n be_v a_o benefice_n n._n 69._o title_n of_o most_o holy_a and_o most_o bless_a and_o name_v of_o pope_n 70._o pope_n confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n 61._o administrator_n not_o patron_n 86._o practice_n of_o pope_n concern_v benefice_n confer_v by_o king_n 112._o they_o dispense_v contrary_a to_o canon_n 132._o draw_v election_n to_o rome_n 134_o 151._o they_o prohibit_v to_o alienate_v 169._o their_o authority_n be_v doubtful_a 225._o they_o binder_n

to_o our_o lord_n he_o spend_v the_o same_o and_o buy_v thing_n necessary_a for_o they_o or_o else_o distribute_v to_o the_o poor_a according_a to_o what_o our_o lord_n command_v for_o the_o day_n st._n augustin_n consider_v that_o christ_n have_v the_o attendance_n of_o angel_n who_o minister_v unto_o he_o be_v in_o no_o necessity_n of_o keep_v or_o preserve_v of_o money_n nevertheless_o he_o will_v have_v a_o purse_n to_o give_v a_o example_n to_o the_o church_n of_o what_o she_o ought_v to_o do_v and_o therefore_o the_o church_n always_o understand_v that_o from_o his_o divine_a holiness_n by_o his_o own_o example_n the_o form_n of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a money_n may_v be_v institute_v 5._o n._n 5._o instruct_v from_o whence_o it_o shall_v be_v take_v and_o wherein_o it_o shall_v be_v lay_v out_o and_o if_o in_o our_o day_n we_o see_v not_o this_o holy_a institution_n observe_v we_o ought_v to_o consider_v that_o for_o our_o instruction_n and_o for_o our_o consolation_n the_o divine_a scripture_n relate_v that_o then_o judas_n also_o be_v a_o thief_n and_o usurp_v to_o himself_o the_o good_n common_a to_o the_o apostolical_a college_n and_o come_v to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o covetousness_n that_o what_o he_o steal_v seem_v not_o sufficient_a for_o he_o he_o proceed_v so_o far_o in_o wickedness_n that_o he_o sell_v to_o the_o jew_n the_o very_a person_n of_o christ_n our_o lord_n to_o make_v his_o sum_n of_o money_n great_a and_o if_o we_o either_o in_o read_v history_n or_o else_o in_o observe_v thing_n occurrent_a in_o our_o time_n we_o shall_v believe_v that_o ecclesiastical_a good_n be_v in_o a_o great_a part_n spend_v in_o other_o use_n than_o pious_a and_o that_o some_o of_o the_o minister_n not_o content_a of_o usurp_a to_o themselves_o that_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v in_o common_a to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o the_o poor_a have_v go_v so_o far_o as_o to_o sell_v sacred_a thing_n and_o spiritual_a grace_n to_o make_v money_n 6._o n._n 6._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o refer_v this_o to_o a_o particular_a misery_n of_o our_o or_o of_o any_o other_o time_n but_o to_o ascribe_v it_o to_o the_o divine_a permission_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o good_a consider_v that_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o infant_n church_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o imperfection_n indeed_o we_o ought_v every_o one_o according_a to_o his_o degree_n and_o vocation_n to_o procure_v a_o remedy_n and_o he_o that_o can_v do_v otherwise_o by_o his_o prayer_n and_o he_o that_o can_v hinder_v the_o evil_a by_o prevent_v and_o oppose_v the_o abuse_n consider_v that_o although_o judas_n have_v no_o humane_a punishment_n because_o those_o who_o ought_v to_o have_v punish_v he_o be_v complice_n in_o his_o offence_n nevertheless_o divine_a providence_n show_v what_o penalty_n he_o deserve_v and_o appoint_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v his_o own_o executioner_n for_o a_o document_n of_o what_o those_o aught_o to_o do_v who_o be_v give_v for_o tutor_n and_o defender_n of_o the_o church_n in_o follow_v age_n after_o christ_n our_o lord_n have_v ascend_v into_o heaven_n the_o holy_a apostle_n follow_v in_o the_o church_n of_o jerusalem_n the_o same_o institution_n of_o have_v the_o church_n money_n for_o the_o two_o effect_n abovesaid_a 7._o n._n 7._o that_o be_v for_o the_o need_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o gospel_n and_o for_o alm_n to_o the_o poor_a and_o the_o stock_n of_o this_o money_n be_v likewise_o the_o oblation_n of_o the_o faithful_a who_o also_o make_v all_o their_o good_n common_a sell_v their_o possession_n to_o make_v money_n for_o this_o use_n so_o that_o the_o community_n of_o the_o church_n be_v not_o distinct_a from_o the_o particular_a of_o each_o faithful_a man_n as_o be_v practise_v still_o in_o some_o religion_n which_o observe_v those_o first_o institution_n the_o christian_n in_o those_o primitive_a time_n be_v very_o ready_a to_o strip_v themselves_o of_o their_o temporal_a good_n to_o bestow_v they_o in_o alm_n because_o they_o look_v for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n to_o be_v at_o hand_n christ_n our_o lord_n have_v leave_v it_o to_o they_o uncertain_a and_o although_o it_o be_v to_o last_o as_o long_o as_o he_o please_v they_o consider_v it_o not_o otherwise_o but_o as_o be_v to_o end_v then_o hold_v for_o certain_a that_o the_o figure_n of_o this_o world_n that_o be_v the_o state_n of_o this_o present_a life_n pass_v away_o wherefore_o the_o oblation_n increase_v always_o the_o more_o yet_o the_o custom_n of_o not_o have_v any_o thing_n of_o one_o own_o but_o all_o thing_n in_o common_a 8._o n._n 8._o so_o that_o there_o be_v neither_o poor_a nor_o rich_a but_o all_o live_v equal_o go_v not_o out_o of_o jerusalem_n for_o in_o the_o other_o church_n which_o the_o holy_a apostle_n plant_v it_o be_v not_o institute_v neither_o do_v it_o last_o long_o in_o jerusalem_n whereupon_o 26_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n it_o be_v read_v that_o the_o public_a be_v distinct_a from_o the_o private_a every_o one_o know_v his_o own_o but_o the_o money_n be_v common_a in_o that_o church_n as_o in_o other_o found_v in_o oblation_n which_o place_v in_o common_a serve_v for_o the_o minister_n only_o and_o for_o the_o poor_a and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o who_o have_v wherewithal_o of_o his_o own_o to_o live_v upon_o the_o church_n stock_n whereupon_o st._n paul_n ordain_v that_o widow_n who_o have_v kindred_n shall_v be_v relieve_v by_o their_o relation_n that_o the_o church_n good_n may_v be_v sufficient_a for_o those_o who_o be_v widow_n indeed_o that_o be_v widow_n and_o poor_a the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o week_n which_o for_o that_o cause_n be_v call_v the_o lord_n day_n the_o faithful_a meet_v together_o 9_o n._n 9_o and_o each_o one_o offer_v that_o which_o he_o have_v set_v apart_o of_o the_o forego_n week_n for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o common_a the_o care_n of_o these_o good_n which_o our_o lord_n whilst_o he_o be_v in_o this_o mortal_a life_n give_v unto_o judas_n be_v administer_v by_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o for_o a_o short_a time_n after_o the_o ascension_n but_o afterward_o perceive_v that_o murmur_n and_o sedition_n do_v arise_v among_o the_o faithful_a about_o the_o distribution_n that_o be_v make_v it_o appear_v to_o some_o that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o great_a sharer_n of_o the_o common_a as_o they_o willing_o will_v have_v be_v and_o believe_v that_o other_o have_v more_o than_o they_o ought_v so_o as_o the_o common_a evil_n in_o all_o time_n in_o dispense_n the_o good_n of_o the_o church_n the_o apostle_n know_v they_o can_v not_o attend_v this_o perfect_o together_o with_o preach_v of_o the_o word_n of_o god_n they_o determine_v to_o retain_v to_o themselves_o the_o ministry_n of_o preach_v and_o teach_v appoint_v for_o this_o office_n of_o have_v care_n of_o temporal_a thing_n another_o sort_n of_o minister_n quite_o different_a from_o that_o which_o we_o see_v do_v in_o our_o time_n wherein_o the_o chief_a prelate_n of_o the_o church_n attend_v the_o government_n of_o temporal_a thing_n 10._o n._n 10._o and_o the_o office_n of_o preach_v and_o teach_v the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v leave_v unto_o the_o friar_n or_o brethren_n or_o to_o some_o inferior_a priest_n in_o the_o church_n but_o these_o new_a minister_n which_o the_o holy_a apostle_n institute_v for_o govern_v temporal_a thing_n be_v call_v deacon_n deacon_n deacon_n for_o which_o purpose_n election_n be_v make_v of_o six_o from_o all_o the_o body_n of_o the_o faithful_a which_o the_o apostle_n appoint_v for_o that_o ministry_n and_o wheresoever_o they_o found_v a_o church_n they_o also_o appoint_v deacon_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o also_o they_o ordain_v bishop_n and_o priest_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n fast_v and_o prayer_n precede_v and_o the_o common_a election_n of_o the_o faithful_a follow_v after_o observe_v inviolable_o this_o order_n of_o never_o depute_v any_o man_n to_o any_o ecclesiastical_a charge_n who_o be_v not_o first_o elect_v by_o the_o universality_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v of_o all_o the_o faithful_a together_o this_o custom_n continue_v in_o the_o church_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n for_o about_o 200_o year_n 11._o n._n 11._o maintain_v the_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n and_o the_o poor_a also_o with_o the_o public_a good_n there_o be_v no_o other_o stock_n but_o the_o oblation_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o faithful_a in_o the_o church_n which_o oblation_n be_v in_o great_a abundance_n because_o out_o of_o fervency_n of_o charity_n every_o one_o offer_v all_o that_o he_o can_v according_a to_o what_o he_o have_v so_o that_o when_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o faithful_a in_o one_o city_n be_v abundant_a for_o the_o supply_v the_o want_n of_o their_o own_o church_n they_o

make_v collection_n for_o other_o poor_a church_n also_o for_o which_o cause_n st._n james_n st._n peter_n and_o st._n john_n when_o they_o acknowledge_v st._n paul_n and_o st._n barnabas_n for_o consort_n and_o companion_n in_o the_o gospel_n they_o recommend_v this_o work_n unto_o they_o to_o collect_v some_o alm_n for_o the_o poor_a church_n of_o jerusalem_n for_o which_o st._n paul_n also_o mention_n the_o have_v make_v a_o collection_n in_o macedonia_n in_o achaia_n in_o galatia_n and_o in_o corinth_n and_o this_o custom_n be_v observe_v not_o only_o during_o the_o apostle_n life_n time_n but_o also_o after_o their_o death_n and_o in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n where_o riches_n be_v plenty_n the_o offering_n also_o be_v abundant_a 12._o n._n 12._o for_o about_o the_o year_n 150_o they_o not_o only_o serve_v to_o maintain_v the_o clerk_n and_o poor_a christian_n of_o that_o city_n but_o also_o to_o administer_v abundant_o unto_o other_o church_n not_o only_o to_o the_o neighbour_a but_o also_o to_o those_o at_o a_o distance_n give_v food_n in_o divers_a province_n unto_o poor_a and_o miserable_a christian_n condemn_v to_o prison_n and_o to_o work_v in_o mine_n and_o to_o show_v the_o abundance_n of_o the_o oblation_n i_o shall_v only_o say_v this_o that_o martion_n about_o the_o year_n 170_o 170._o martion_n ao._n 170._o make_v a_o oblation_n in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o one_o time_n of_o 5000_o crown_n of_o gold_n and_o because_o he_o have_v certain_a opinion_n not_o convenient_a in_o matter_n of_o faith_n he_o be_v expel_v from_o the_o congregation_n and_o all_o the_o money_n restore_v to_o he_o that_o holy_a church_n esteem_v itself_o pollute_v in_o retain_v the_o good_n of_o a_o heretic_n afterward_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n increase_v so_o in_o treasure_n that_o after_o 220_o year_n the_o roman_a emperor_n be_v desirous_a of_o they_o prince_n ao._n 220._o decius_n the_o prince_n whereupon_o prince_n decius_n arrest_v st._n lanrence_n a_o roman_a deacon_n to_o take_v the_o ecclesiastical_a treasure_n from_o he_o they_o be_v grow_v so_o copious_a but_o that_o prince_n be_v mistake_v 13._o n._n 13._o believe_v that_o the_o treasure_n be_v collect_v and_o preserve_v for_o that_o holy_a deacon_n be_v aware_a of_o the_o tyrant_n greediness_n and_o foresee_v the_o imminent_a persecution_n bestow_v all_o at_o one_o time_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o do_v in_o such_o like_a danger_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o persecution_n make_v against_o the_o church_n after_o the_o death_n of_o commodus_n be_v for_o that_o cause_n that_o be_v because_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o governor_n find_v themselves_o short_a of_o money_n be_v willing_a to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o christian_a church_n stock_n that_o way_n after_o the_o church_n be_v enrich_v the_o clerk_n also_o begin_v to_o live_v more_o at_o ease_n and_o some_o not_o be_v content_a with_o the_o ordinary_a daily_a food_n of_o the_o church_n will_v live_v separately_z in_o their_o own_o house_n and_o receive_v from_o the_o church_n their_o separate_a proportion_n in_o money_n every_o day_n or_o for_o a_o month_n together_o and_o long_o a_o thing_n which_o although_o it_o decline_v from_o the_o primitive_a perfection_n 14._o n._n 14._o be_v nevertheless_o tolerate_v by_o the_o father_n beside_o the_o disorder_n do_v not_o stand_v at_o this_o stay_n but_o the_o bishop_n begin_v to_o fail_v the_o poor_a in_o their_o usual_a alm_n and_o to_o keep_v for_o themselves_o that_o which_o ought_v to_o be_v distribute_v grow_v rich_a with_o the_o common_a good_n of_o the_o church_n deal_v in_o usury_n for_o to_o increase_v they_o and_o leave_v off_o the_o care_n of_o teach_v the_o doctrine_n of_o christ_n all_o busy_v themselves_o in_o covetousness_n which_o thing_n st._n cyprian_n lament_v that_o they_o be_v practise_v in_o his_o time_n and_o conclude_v that_o god_n to_o purge_v his_o church_n of_o these_o error_n may_v permit_v that_o great_a persecution_n which_o be_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o decius_n because_o his_o divine_a majesty_n have_v always_o reform_v his_o church_n either_o mild_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o lawful_a magistrate_n or_o when_o the_o excess_n be_v go_v too_o far_o by_o the_o instrument_n of_o persecution_n but_o although_o the_o church_n possess_v so_o much_o wealth_n first_o no_o stable_a good_n at_o first_o yet_o it_o have_v no_o settle_a or_o stable_a good_n first_o 15._o n._n 15._o because_o they_o care_v not_o for_o any_o upon_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a for_o they_o esteem_v the_o end_n to_o be_v at_o hand_n and_o all_o worldly_a thing_n to_o be_v transitory_a and_o of_o a_o great_a weight_n for_o one_o who_o tend_v towards_o heaven_n and_o again_o because_o no_o society_n college_n communality_n nor_o corporation_n according_a to_o the_o roman_a law_n can_v be_v give_v to_o bequeath_v or_o have_v leave_v by_o will_n any_o good_n immovable_a nor_o for_o any_o cause_n whatsoever_o can_v possess_v the_o same_o unless_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o senate_n or_o by_o the_o prince_n neither_o can_v this_o be_v doubt_v of_o although_o some_o epistle_n go_v about_o under_o the_o name_n of_o old_a pope_n which_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o apostle_n shall_v sell_v their_o possession_n in_o judea_n and_o the_o succeed_a christian_n shall_v preserve_v they_o by_o say_v that_o be_v because_o the_o apostle_n foresee_v that_o the_o christian_a church_n ought_v not_o to_o remain_v in_o judea_n but_o indeed_o among_o the_o gentile_n as_o if_o in_o the_o gospel_n the_o cause_n of_o sell_v be_v not_o express_o show_v when_o christ_n say_v to_o his_o church_n fear_v not_o o_o little_a flock_n 16._o n._n 16._o sell_v what_o you_o possess_v and_o give_v alm_n that_o although_o jerusalem_n be_v destroy_v at_o its_o building_n again_o there_o may_v be_v a_o abundance_n of_o christian_n and_o yet_o have_v not_o be_v destroy_v in_o the_o city_n where_o the_o church_n among_o the_o gentile_n have_v possession_n but_o labour_v to_o show_v this_o falsehood_n be_v superfluous_a be_v a_o certain_a thing_n that_o these_o epistle_n be_v suppositious_a 800._o ao._n 800._o and_o be_v frame_v about_o the_o year_n 800_o by_o those_o who_o prefer_v as_o be_v still_o do_v at_o this_o present_a riches_n and_o pomp_n to_o the_o apostolical_a moderation_n institute_v and_o command_v by_o christ_n but_o the_o confusion_n which_o be_v much_o continue_v in_o the_o empire_n after_o the_o imprisonment_n of_o valerianus_n the_o law_n be_v but_o little_o observe_v chief_o in_o africa_n in_o france_n and_o in_o italy_n some_o left_a or_o give_v stable_a good_n to_o the_o church_n which_o in_o the_o year_n 302_o be_v all_o confiscate_v by_o diocletian_a and_o maximian_n though_o in_o france_n the_o emperor_n decree_n be_v not_o execute_v by_o the_o bounty_n of_o constance_n cloro_n caesar_n who_o govern_v it_o but_o these_o prince_n have_v renounce_v the_o empire_n eight_o year_n after_o maxentius_n restore_v all_o the_o possession_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o a_o little_a after_o constantine_n 17._o n._n 17._o and_o licinius_n grant_v freedom_n of_o religion_n to_o the_o christian_n approve_v of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a college_n call_v church_n grant_v general_o throughout_o the_o empire_n that_o they_o may_v gain_v or_o acquire_v stable_a good_n as_o well_o by_o gift_n as_o by_o testament_n exempt_n also_o the_o clergy_n from_o personal_a public_a service_n ecclesiastic_n exemption_n of_o ecclesiastic_n that_o they_o may_v attend_v the_o duty_n of_o religion_n more_o commodious_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o time_n of_o give_v or_o of_o leave_v one_o estate_n to_o the_o church_n with_o a_o special_a obligation_n of_o some_o particular_a work_n as_o of_o building_n of_o marry_v young_a damsel_n of_o provide_v for_o orphan_n or_o other_o neither_o with_o obligation_n to_o mass_n anniverssary_n or_o to_o other_o ecclesiastical_a office_n be_v not_o then_o in_o account_n nor_o in_o use_n for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o but_o person_n give_v or_o bequeath_v absolute_o and_o the_o gift_n or_o legacy_n be_v incorporate_v into_o the_o common_a mass_n 18._o n._n 18._o which_o be_v the_o stock_n for_o the_o expense_n of_o all_o pious_a work_n wherefore_o speak_v of_o ancient_a ecclesiastical_a good_n it_o be_v most_o true_a that_o they_o be_v not_o dedicate_v to_o any_o particular_a work_n but_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o they_o may_v be_v lay_v out_o in_o what_o a_o man_n will_v but_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o pious_a work_n only_o the_o exemption_n which_o prince_n grant_v unto_o ecclesiastical_a good_n free_v they_o from_o public_a contribution_n be_v a_o great_a increase_n to_o they_o good_n exemption_n of_o ecclesiastical_a good_n and_o it_o be_v former_o observe_v every_o where_o inviolable_o with_o great_a satisfaction_n to_o prince_n and_o with_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o people_n 19_o n._n 19_o

leave_v by_o will_n which_o indeed_o be_v then_o spend_v by_o they_o in_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o monk_n and_o in_o hospitality_n in_o school_n and_o education_n of_o youth_n and_o in_o other_o pious_a work_n the_o abbot_n tritemius_fw-la make_v account_n that_o the_o monastery_n of_o benedict_n in_o monks_n be_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 15000_o 32._o n._n 32._o beside_o the_o prepositure_n and_o lesser_a convent_v prepositure_fw-fr prepositure_fw-fr the_o monk_n themselves_o choose_v their_o own_o abbot_n who_o govern_v they_o spiritual_o and_o rule_v also_o as_o well_o the_o good_n which_o come_v by_o the_o charitable_a offering_n of_o the_o faithful_a as_o of_o those_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o labour_n and_o art_n of_o the_o monk_n and_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n those_o also_o which_o come_v from_o settle_a revenue_n but_o the_o bishop_n in_o these_o day_n which_o succeed_v the_o year_n 500_o 500_o ao._n 500_o be_v become_v absolute_a dispensator_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o church_n good_n begin_v also_o to_o mind_n more_o temporal_a thing_n and_o to_o make_v themselves_o to_o be_v follow_v in_o the_o city_n whereupon_o election_n be_v no_o more_o use_v as_o the_o end_n of_o divine_a service_n but_o with_o seditious_a practice_n proceed_v oftentimes_o from_o practice_n to_o public_a violence_n for_o which_o cause_n prince_n who_o until_o then_o take_v but_o little_a thought_n of_o who_o shall_v be_v elect_v unto_o this_o ministry_n begin_v to_o bethink_v themselves_o of_o it_o 33._o n._n 33._o be_v advertise_v by_o the_o holy_a man_n of_o those_o time_n that_o god_n have_v commit_v the_o protection_n of_o his_o church_n unto_o they_o and_o therefore_o they_o ought_v by_o the_o command_n of_o his_o divine_a ministry_n to_o take_v such_o care_n that_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n shall_v be_v lawful_o manage_v the_o prince_n also_o see_v evident_o how_o great_a impediment_n be_v bring_v against_o the_o quietness_n of_o the_o state_n and_o against_o the_o good_a government_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o private_a interest_n of_o the_o ambitious_a clergy_n and_o by_o the_o seditious_a practice_n which_o they_o use_v to_o acquire_v ecclesiastical_a dignity_n whereupon_o partly_o out_o of_o divine_a respect_n and_o partly_o for_o human_a they_o begin_v to_o prevent_v the_o clergy_n and_o the_o laity_n from_o provide_v themselves_o after_o their_o way_n according_a to_o their_o affection_n as_o well_o because_o affair_n be_v alter_v and_o the_o bishopric_n no_o more_o shun_v but_o covet_v they_o make_v party_n from_o whence_o proceed_v sedition_n and_o sometime_o popular_a slaughter_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o concurrent_n as_o also_o because_o sometime_o factious_a person_n be_v choose_v for_o bishop_n who_o hold_v private_a intelligence_n with_o the_o prince_n enemy_n which_o be_v never_o want_v in_o the_o western_a confusion_n 34._o n._n 34._o and_o sometime_o person_n be_v choose_v who_o have_v gain_v a_o train_n of_o people_n attempt_v some_o design_n to_o attribute_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o magistrate_n to_o themselves_o and_o will_v stir_v up_o the_o people_n to_o defend_v their_o enterprise_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n ordain_v that_o no_o person_n elect_v shall_v be_v consecrate_a without_o their_o consent_n or_o the_o magistrate_n the_o prince_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o great_a bishopric_n as_o in_o italy_n of_o rome_n ravenna_n and_o of_o milan_n leave_v the_o lesser_a bishopric_n to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o minister_n but_o take_v more_o heed_n to_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o thing_n than_o to_o the_o appearance_n when_o in_o a_o city_n there_o be_v a_o eminent_a subject_n know_v to_o the_o people_n to_o who_o all_o be_v incline_v â˜ž_o â˜ž_o and_o the_o prince_n satisfy_v that_o he_o please_v the_o people_n occurrenza_n occurrenza_n when_o a_o occurrence_n come_v he_o be_v consecrate_a without_o more_o ado_n sometime_o also_o there_o happen_v through_o accident_n of_o war_n or_o of_o plague_n that_o one_o have_v be_v ordain_v before_o he_o have_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o prince_n 35._o n._n 35._o as_o happen_v to_o pelagius_n the_o second_o predecessor_n to_o st._n gregory_n rome_n be_v besiege_a by_o the_o lombard_n after_o the_o siege_n be_v raise_v he_o send_v gregory_n who_o be_v then_o deacon_n to_o make_v excuse_n to_o the_o emperor_n beseech_v he_o to_o confirm_v what_o necessity_n have_v constrain_v he_o to_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n pope_n be_v elect_v and_o bishop_n in_o italy_n until_o the_o year_n 750_o 750._o ao._n 750._o with_o the_o imperial_a confirmation_n but_o in_o france_n and_o in_o other_o place_n beyond_o the_o alps_o the_o regal_a or_o the_o prince_n authority_n be_v herein_o more_o absolute_a for_o the_o people_n total_o desist_v from_o the_o election_n when_o the_o prince_n take_v it_o in_o hand_n good_a man_n forbear_v because_o believe_v themselves_o to_o be_v well_o provide_v with_o king_n esteem_v their_o intervention_n superfluous_a evil_a man_n because_o they_o be_v not_o certain_a of_o be_v able_a to_o bring_v their_o design_n to_o pass_v whereupon_o the_o king_n give_v the_o bishopric_n to_o they_o only_o throughout_o the_o kingdom_n in_o all_o gregory_n turonensis_n '_o history_n from_o clodovius_n the_o first_o christian_a king_n of_o france_n unto_o the_o year_n 590_o no_o bishop_n be_v know_v to_o be_v make_v but_o by_o the_o command_n or_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n 36._o n._n 36._o and_o st._n gregory_n who_o be_v make_v pope_n that_o year_n write_v to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n upon_o different_a occasion_n complain_v to_o they_o that_o the_o bishopric_n be_v not_o bestow_v on_o sufficient_a man_n and_o pray_v they_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o good_a and_o understand_a man_n he_o never_o reprehend_v the_o provision_n make_v by_o the_o king_n when_o the_o person_n provide_v be_v deserve_v as_o for_o bishop_n who_o be_v choose_v without_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o people_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o exclude_v they_o also_o from_o the_o election_n of_o priest_n deacon_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n reduce_v the_o power_n of_o nominate_v they_o to_o the_o prince_n only_o without_o the_o intervention_n of_o the_o people_n part_n of_o they_o have_v withdraw_v themselves_o total_o from_o meddle_v in_o ecclesiastical_a congregation_n to_o attend_v their_o domestic_a affair_n other_o through_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o do_v arise_v among_o popular_a faction_n and_o some_o other_o for_o see_v themselves_o disrespect_a by_o the_o bishop_n grow_v potent_a as_o well_o by_o the_o riches_n he_o have_v to_o spend_v as_o by_o his_o dependence_n on_o the_o prince_n by_o who_o he_o be_v nominate_v to_o or_o confirm_v in_o the_o bishopric_n the_o prince_n sometime_o nominate_v those_o that_o be_v to_o be_v ordain_v 37._o n._n 37._o at_o other_o time_n he_o leave_v the_o care_n whole_o to_o the_o bishop_n chief_o when_o he_o be_v full_o confident_a which_o confidence_n be_v also_o cause_n that_o the_o prince_n oftentimes_o make_v use_n of_o the_o bishop_n either_o to_o compose_v difficalty_n among_o the_o people_n or_o to_o determine_v difficult_a cause_n the_o respect_n of_o religion_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o be_v more_o believe_v than_o the_o magistrate_n whereupon_o they_o be_v more_o intent_n upon_o that_o than_o in_o teach_v the_o christian_a doctrine_n which_o at_o first_o be_v give_v they_o in_o charge_n therefore_o when_o make_v of_o a_o bishop_n be_v in_o question_n it_o behoove_v rather_o to_o have_v respect_n unto_o a_o wise_a wordling_n than_o unto_o one_o understanding_n in_o matter_n of_o faith_n which_o remain_v still_o unto_o this_o time_n it_o be_v say_v that_o except_v the_o place_n border_v on_o the_o insidell_n it_o be_v better_a make_v a_o bishop_n of_o a_o good_a jurisconsult_a or_o lawyer_n than_o of_o a_o good_a divine_a and_o true_o it_o be_v a_o reasonable_a thing_n if_o the_o principal_a office_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v to_o judge_v cause_n 38._o n._n 38._o christ_n our_o lord_n ordain_v his_o apostle_n say_v as_o my_o father_n have_v send_v i_o so_o send_v i_o you_o by_o which_o they_o understand_v to_o be_v send_v to_o teach_v if_o now_o all_o be_v sufficient_o instruct_v and_o there_o be_v no_o more_o need_n of_o it_o he_o may_v attend_v somewhat_o else_o heretofore_o the_o principal_a care_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v to_o teach_v and_o the_o next_o to_o oversee_v the_o government_n of_o the_o poor_a so_o that_o in_o the_o second_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o first_o there_o be_v some_o relaxation_n and_o therefore_o in_o make_v the_o division_n into_o four_o part_n abovemention_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o good_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o those_o be_v they_o who_o divide_v after_o their_o way_n so_o that_o where_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o priest_n be_v conscionable_a man_n the_o division_n be_v just_o

make_v but_o where_o they_o do_v not_o forget_v themselves_o there_o be_v none_o to_o protect_v the_o poor_a and_o as_o few_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o building_n the_o share_n of_o these_o two_o be_v very_o small_a and_o in_o some_o place_n nothing_o belong_v to_o either_o of_o they_o but_o all_o be_v divide_v between_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o clergyman_n beside_o also_o where_o the_o division_n be_v make_v with_o due_a proportion_n nevertheless_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o building_n 39_o n._n 39_o and_o the_o share_n of_o the_o poor_a remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o clergy_n they_o come_v to_o diminish_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o the_o other_o two_o wax_v great_a which_o evident_o appear_v for_o that_o in_o very_a few_o place_n the_o building_n have_v any_o proper_a income_n and_o for_o the_o poor_a there_o remain_v nothing_o but_o the_o hospital_n which_o be_v of_o no_o ancient_a institution_n in_o the_o beginning_n the_o share_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v not_o divide_v among_o they_o but_o the_o bishop_n have_v a_o care_n of_o deal_n with_o each_o one_o according_a to_o his_o merit_n but_o afterward_o they_o take_v upon_o themselves_o the_o office_n of_o divide_v the_o bishop_n be_v exclude_v and_o they_o have_v their_o share_n where_o neither_o bishop_n nor_o other_o have_v to_o do_v they_o divide_v again_o among_o themselves_o so_o that_o each_o particular_a man_n begin_v to_o know_v his_o own_o and_o cease_v from_o live_v in_o common_a but_o although_o the_o rent_n or_o income_n be_v thus_o divide_v nevertheless_o all_o the_o stock_n or_o estate_n remain_v in_o one_o body_n govern_v by_o the_o deacon_n and_o subdeacon_n and_o the_o rent_n proceed_v from_o thence_o consign_v to_o the_o bishop_n and_o to_o each_o one_o of_o the_o clergy_n according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o their_o share_n and_o in_o italy_n in_o those_o time_n the_o possession_n of_o the_o church_n be_v call_v patrimony_n patrimony_n n._n 40._o patrimony_n which_o i_o be_v willing_a to_o mention_v here_o that_o no_o man_n may_v think_v that_o this_o name_n may_v signify_v any_o supreme_a dominion_n or_o some_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n or_o of_o the_o pope_n the_o possession_n of_o each_o family_n which_o come_v from_o their_o ancestor_n in_o the_o time_n we_o speak_v of_o be_v call_v the_o patrimony_n thereof_o and_o that_o estate_n be_v call_v the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o prince_n which_o he_o have_v in_o propriety_n and_o to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o patrimony_n of_o private_a man_n it_o be_v call_v sacrum_n patrimonium_fw-la as_o be_v read_v in_o many_o law_n of_o the_o 12_o of_o the_o codice_fw-la after_o which_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n the_o name_n of_o patrimony_n be_v give_v to_o the_o possession_n of_o each_o church_n there_o be_v see_v name_v in_o the_o epistle_n of_o st._n gregory_n not_o only_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n but_o also_o the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o church_n of_o arimini_fw-la the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o church_n of_o milan_n the_o patrimony_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ravenna_n the_o church_n place_v in_o city_n 41._o n._n 41._o who_o inhabitant_n be_v of_o but_o indifferent_a fortune_n have_v no_o possession_n leave_v to_o they_o out_o of_o their_o district_n but_o to_o those_o of_o imperial_a city_n as_o rome_n ravenna_n milan_n where_o senator_n and_o other_o illustrious_a person_n dwell_v possession_n be_v leave_v in_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o world_n st._n gregory_n make_v mention_n of_o the_o church_n of_o ravenna_n patrimony_n in_o sicily_n and_o of_o another_o there_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n of_o milan_n the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v patrimony_n in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o world_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o patrimony_n of_o france_n of_o africa_n of_o sicily_n of_o the_o cottian_a alps_o and_o of_o many_o other_o but_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_v st._n gregory_n there_o be_v a_o difference_n or_o suit_n at_o law_n between_o he_o and_o the_o bishop_n of_o ravenna_n for_o the_o patrimony_n of_o both_o church_n which_o be_v accommodate_v by_o transaction_n to_o gain_v also_o great_a respect_n for_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o church_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o give_v it_o the_o name_n of_o holy_a which_o that_o church_n have_v in_o great_a veneration_n so_o the_o church_n of_o ravenna_n nominate_v her_o possession_n of_o st._n apollinare_fw-la 42._o n._n 42._o and_o that_o of_o milan_n of_o st._n ambrose_n and_o the_o roman_a call_v it_o the_o patrimony_n of_o st._n peter_n in_o abruzzo_n st._n peter_n patrimony_n of_o sicily_n etc._n etc._n after_o the_o manner_n of_o venice_n where_o the_o public_a revenue_n be_v call_v st._n marks_n as_o for_o the_o patrimony_n of_o prince_n when_o they_o be_v not_o appoint_v to_o the_o soldier_n a_o governor_n be_v place_v with_o jurisdiction_n over_o cause_n which_o concern_v that_o possession_n some_o clergyman_n there_o be_v of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o endeavour_v to_o usurp_v such_o right_n in_o the_o patrimony_n of_o that_o church_n be_v willing_a to_o right_v themselves_o without_o have_v recourse_n to_o public_a judicature_n which_o introduction_n st._n gregory_n rebuke_v and_o condemn_v forbid_v the_o do_v of_o it_o upon_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n ecclesiastical_a possession_n pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o prince_n as_o appear_v manifest_o by_o the_o canon_n si_fw-mi tributum_fw-la tribute_n tribute_n which_o be_v st._n ambrose_n and_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o constantinus_n pogonatus_n in_o the_o year_n 681_o grant_v a_o exemption_n from_o the_o tribute_n which_o the_o roman_a church_n pay_v for_o the_o patrimony_n of_o sicily_n and_o calabria_n 687._o 681._o exemption_n of_o tribute_n 687._o and_o justinian_n ritmeno_n in_o the_o year_n 687_o remit_v the_o tribute_n which_o the_o patrimony_n of_o abbruzzo_n and_o lucania_n pay_v the_o roman_a church_n receive_v not_o such_o great_a income_n from_o its_o patrimony_n as_o some_o believe_v because_o as_o history_n relate_v 43._o n._n 43._o leo_fw-la isaurus_n in_o the_o year_n 732_o consiscate_v the_o patrimony_n of_o calabria_n and_o sicilia_n 732._o n._n 732._o both_o which_o be_v mention_v to_o yield_v three_o talent_n of_o silver_n and_o half_a a_o talon_n of_o gold_n which_o make_v in_o our_o money_n not_o to_o lessen_v the_o account_n upon_o the_o variety_n of_o opinion_n how_o much_o answer_v each_o talon_n exact_o no_o great_a sum_n than_o 2500_o crown_n and_o the_o patrimony_n of_o sicilia_n much_o large_a pay_v no_o more_o than_o 2100_o crown_n it_o be_v not_o beside_o the_o subject_a of_o our_o discourse_n to_o know_v the_o particular_n which_o happen_v whilst_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o church_n remain_v in_o a_o entire_a body_n and_o under_o the_o same_o government_n although_o the_o incom_n be_v divide_v which_o can_v not_o last_v long_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o contention_n which_o arise_v among_o those_o to_o who_o the_o administration_n belong_v 44._o n._n 44._o and_o the_o other_o who_o remain_v upon_o their_o own_o discretion_n whereupon_o for_o great_a expedition_n each_o minister_n begin_v to_o retain_v the_o oblation_n for_o himself_o which_o have_v be_v make_v in_o his_o temple_n the_o which_o former_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o bishop_n that_o he_o may_v divide_v they_o but_o for_o a_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o episcopal_a superiority_n each_o one_o give_v the_o three_o part_n to_o the_o bishop_n and_o something_o over_o and_o above_o for_o honour_n which_o be_v call_v afterward_o cathedraticus_fw-la cathedraticuâ—â—_n cathedraticuâ—â—_n because_o it_o be_v give_v out_o of_o reverence_n to_o the_o cathedral_n or_o the_o episcopal_a see_n moreover_o they_o divide_v the_o estate_n and_o appoint_v every_o man_n his_o own_o share_n but_o these_o alteration_n be_v not_o make_v in_o all_o place_n at_o once_o nor_o by_o a_o public_a decree_n but_o as_o the_o use_v and_o custom_n happen_v to_o all_o they_o begin_v in_o some_o place_n and_o communicate_v they_o successive_o unto_o other_o chief_o the_o bad_a one_o which_o have_v the_o swift_a course_n and_o the_o least_o hindrance_n in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n be_v reduce_v to_o this_o condition_n the_o public_a stock_n or_o estate_n be_v distribute_v by_o the_o prince_n unto_o military_a man_n with_o a_o charge_n that_o some_o shall_v keep_v the_o march_n or_o border_n some_o shall_v serve_v the_o prince_n in_o civil_a government_n 45._o n._n 45._o some_o to_o follow_v he_o to_o the_o war_n some_o be_v to_o guard_n city_n fort_n or_o stronghold_n and_o they_o be_v term_v or_o call_v frank_n or_o fee_n by_o the_o lombard_n and_o in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n which_o be_v not_o yet_o extinct_a they_o be_v call_v beneficia_fw-la as_o give_v out_o of_o the_o prince_n beneficency_n benefice_n benefice_n for_o which_o respect_n also_o the_o name_n of_o benefice_n be_v

which_o be_v also_o receive_v in_o the_o abovesaid_a church_n because_o by_o that_o mean_v they_o gain_v from_o all_o place_n the_o most_o notable_a man_n as_o be_v do_v in_o these_o day_n and_o therefore_o they_o very_o seldom_o ordinate_v any_o of_o their_o own_o but_o very_o often_o incardinate_v stranger_n whereupon_o it_o remain_v that_o in_o those_o two_o church_n all_o be_v call_v cardinal_n in_o that_o of_o rome_n the_o name_n remain_v still_o in_o that_o of_o ravenna_n it_o last_v until_o the_o year_n 1543_o when_o paul_n the_o three_o by_o one_o of_o his_o bull_n abbrogated_a the_o name_n of_o cardinal_n in_o that_o church_n thus_o the_o name_n of_o cardinal_n which_o declare_v infirmity_n change_v the_o signification_n and_o become_v the_o name_n of_o the_o great_a dignity_n and_o be_v come_v to_o be_v say_v they_o be_v cardinal_n that_o be_v cardines_fw-la orbis_fw-la terrarum_fw-la and_o that_o which_o have_v neither_o degree_n nor_o order_n in_o the_o church_n but_o bring_v in_o by_o chance_n be_v raise_v to_o the_o greatness_n and_o dignity_n wherein_o we_o see_v it_o now_o adays_o but_o he_o that_o shall_v consider_v or_o look_v upon_o the_o counsel_n hold_v in_o rome_n where_o italian_a bishop_n 53._o n._n 53._o and_o roman_a cardinal_n priest_n do_v intervene_v shall_v see_v that_o the_o cardinal_n do_v always_o underwrite_v after_o the_o bishop_n bishop_n cardinal_n inferior_a to_o bishop_n and_o that_o no_o bishop_n be_v make_v a_o cardinal_n priest_n in_o succeed_a time_n the_o first_o bishop_n make_v cardinal_n be_v some_o chief_a one_o drive_v from_o their_o church_n as_o conrade_n of_o mentz_n drive_v out_o for_o a_o rebel_n by_o frederik_n the_o first_o emperor_n be_v embrace_v by_o alexander_n the_o three_o cap._n cardinals_z no_o habit_n to_o distinguish_v till_o 1244._o red_a hat_n red_a cap._n and_o make_v cardinal_n of_o sabino_n neither_o have_v the_o cardinal_n of_o rome_n any_o habit_n or_o token_n of_o distinction_n until_o innocent_a the_o four_o in_o the_o year_n 1244_o who_o upon_o christsmass_n eve_n give_v they_o the_o red-hatt_n to_o which_o paul_n the_o second_o add_v also_o the_o redcap_n the_o regulars_n except_v but_o gregory_n the_o 14_o in_o our_o day_n grant_v it_o to_o they_o also_o this_o little_a narration_n have_v be_v necessary_a because_o that_o upon_o a_o dignity_n which_o at_o present_a be_v supreme_a in_o the_o church_n and_o for_o which_o it_o seem_v sufficient_a title_n can_v not_o be_v find_v the_o present_a pope_n vrban_n the_o 8_o by_o a_o peculiar_a bull_n have_v reduce_v they_o to_o eminency_n from_o the_o beginning_n until_o a_o little_a before_o the_o year_n 500_o 54._o n._n 54._o as_o have_v be_v say_v every_o clerk_n be_v ordain_v unto_o some_o office_n and_o live_v upon_o the_o common_a maintenance_n afterward_o no_o ordination_n without_o a_o benefice_n till_o afterward_o after_o the_o benefice_n be_v make_v it_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n to_o ordain_v it_o and_o to_o appoint_v the_o office_n of_o exercise_v and_o the_o benefice_n from_o whence_o to_o receive_v their_o live_n none_o be_v ordain_v without_o a_o benefice_n but_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n when_o there_o appear_v any_o person_n fit_a to_o act_n the_o clergyman_n although_o there_o be_v no_o room_n or_o benefice_n vacant_a not_o to_o lose_v that_o subject_a or_o person_n the_o bishop_n ordain_v he_o without_o any_o office_n or_o title_n and_o therefore_o without_o benefice_n also_o in_o expectation_n that_o one_o may_v become_v vacant_a and_o those_o man_n ordain_v without_o title_n do_v help_v or_o assist_v those_o who_o have_v live_n from_o who_o they_o receive_v their_o maintenance_n but_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n this_o sort_n of_o clerk_n ordain_v without_o title_n or_o benefice_n grow_v to_o such_o a_o excessive_a number_n title_n inconvenience_n from_o ordination_n without_o a_o title_n and_o the_o charity_n of_o the_o benefice_a in_o give_v they_o maintenance_n be_v much_o lessen_v that_o a_o multitude_n of_o indecency_n and_o scandal_n arise_v that_o it_o behoove_v to_o provide_v for_o they_o by_o law_n and_o constrain_v the_o bishop_n who_o ordain_v without_o title_n 55._o n._n 55._o to_o furnish_v the_o ordain_v with_o a_o livelihood_n and_o these_o provision_n which_o be_v establish_v in_o the_o beginning_n somewhat_o still_v the_o disorder_n which_o nevertheless_o spring_v up_o again_o ere_o long_o and_o be_v often_o suppress_v always_o return_v whereunto_o two_o thing_n have_v give_v a_o joint_a cause_n one_o be_v the_o desire_n many_o man_n have_v of_o make_v themselves_o clergyman_n to_o enjoy_v the_o exemption_n and_o to_o free_v themselves_o from_o the_o subjection_n of_o prince_n the_o other_o the_o ambition_n of_o prelate_n of_o have_v a_o sufficiency_n of_o subject_n who_o they_o may_v command_v which_o disorder_n be_v not_o yet_o well_o provide_v for_o it_o cause_v many_o indecency_n in_o several_a kingdom_n and_o make_v the_o people_n to_o lose_v their_o respect_n for_o religion_n the_o episcopal_a order_n have_v be_v no_o less_o exempt_a from_o this_o inconveniency_n but_o bishop_n have_v be_v ordain_v with_o a_o title_n only_o or_o with_o a_o name_n of_o derision_n hold_v nothing_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o vulgar_o so_o treat_v or_o style_v as_o other_o unbeneficed_a clerk_n for_o though_o indeed_o they_o ordain_v priest_n 56._o n._n 56._o deacon_n and_o other_o inferior_a minister_n without_o charge_n either_o in_o fact_n or_o in_o name_n yet_o it_o be_v never_o usual_a until_o now_o to_o ordain_v a_o bishop_n without_o a_o diocese_n from_o whence_o he_o be_v denominate_v wherefore_o if_o a_o city_n be_v assign_v he_o possess_v at_o present_a by_o infidel_n from_o whence_o he_o take_v his_o name_n and_o no_o christian_n be_v there_o the_o bishop_n ordain_v remain_v with_o a_o name_n only_o without_o people_n and_o life_n by_o serve_v some_o great_a bishop_n who_o can_v or_o account_v it_o a_o thing_n inferior_a to_o he_o to_o exercise_v by_o himself_o the_o episcopal_a function_n there_o be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o such_o titular_a bishop_n before_o the_o council_n of_o trent_n now_o it_o be_v much_o lessen_v but_o because_o the_o jesuit_n father_n at_o present_a propose_v a_o question_n whether_o the_o pope_n can_v ordain_v bishop_n without_o any_o title_n either_o true_a or_o feign_a as_o priest_n and_o deacon_n be_v ordain_v and_o they_o decide_v that_o he_o may_v god_n grant_v that_o this_o power_n may_v not_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n lest_o the_o reverence_n to_o that_o order_n shall_v be_v lose_v 57_o n._n 57_o which_o heretofore_o be_v great_a towards_o all_o ecclesiastical_a order_n when_o none_o be_v ordain_v but_o he_o that_o be_v appoint_v to_o a_o office_n as_o have_v be_v say_v for_o which_o cause_n all_o of_o they_o reside_v or_o dwell_v upon_o their_o charge_n which_o can_v not_o be_v leave_v vacant_a nonresidence_n residence_n and_o nonresidence_n there_o be_v none_o to_o supply_v it_o all_o be_v occupy_v in_o their_o own_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o distinction_n of_o benefice_n be_v unknown_a which_o seek_v for_o residency_n and_o seek_v it_o not_o and_o whether_o the_o benefice_n be_v rich_a or_o poor_a either_o of_o a_o heavy_a or_o of_o a_o light_a burden_n it_o behoove_v that_o the_o possessor_n shall_v serve_v it_o personal_o but_o after_o they_o begin_v to_o ordain_v without_o title_n the_o titular_o have_v who_o to_o put_v in_o their_o room_n the_o charge_n be_v leave_v to_o one_o with_o some_o small_a provision_n for_o attend_v and_o they_o attend_v on_o somewhat_o else_o so_o in_o france_n the_o bishop_n serve_v the_o court_n and_o the_o parish_n also_o somo_fw-la poor_a priest_n be_v substitute_v they_o begin_v to_o provide_v against_o the_o disorder_n not_o with_o law_n and_o constitution_n but_o by_o punishment_n of_o censure_n and_o of_o privation_n so_o that_o in_o the_o time_n whereof_o we_o speak_v 58._o n._n 58._o that_o be_v immediate_o before_o the_o year_n 800._o they_o be_v refrain_v by_o these_o chastisement_n but_o so_o that_o the_o division_n of_o benefice_n as_o also_o the_o ordination_n of_o non-titulars_a and_o the_o provision_n for_o the_o residency_n do_v not_o pass_v without_o some_o diversity_n between_o place_n and_o place_n even_o in_o the_o same_o church_n it_o pass_v not_o without_o some_o variation_n cause_v indeed_o by_o the_o different_a mind_n of_o the_o bishop_n who_o succeed_v one_o another_o as_o also_o through_o divers_a provision_n make_v from_o time_n to_o time_n by_o prince_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n cause_v by_o the_o willing_a of_o too_o much_o in_o some_o clergyman_n volere_fw-la troppo_fw-it volere_fw-la or_o by_o the_o impatience_n of_o some_o popular_a man_n who_o can_v not_o see_v himself_o total_o exclude_v from_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n much_o alteration_n happen_v unto_o charlemagne_n who_o have_v reduce_v under_o his_o obedience_n italy_n france_n and_o germany_n

reform_v also_o the_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n reduce_v they_o to_o a_o uniformity_n which_o in_o divers_a place_n have_v be_v different_o institute_v renew_v many_o of_o the_o old_a canon_n and_o counsel_n wear_v out_o of_o use_n 59_o n._n 59_o and_o make_v of_o ecclesiastical_a law_n for_o the_o distribution_n of_o benefice_n according_a to_o the_o exigency_n of_o those_o time_n he_o partly_o restore_v unto_o the_o parish_n the_o possession_n which_o the_o bishop_n have_v draw_v to_o themselves_o ordain_v that_o every_o priest_n curate_n shall_v have_v one_o of_o quantity_n appoint_v he_o which_o then_o be_v call_v manso_n manso_n manso_n at_o that_o time_n the_o custom_n of_o give_v tithe_n unto_o parish_n church_n pass_v over_o into_o italy_n which_o long_o before_o have_v be_v introduce_v in_o france_n italy_n tithe_n in_o italy_n therefore_o charles_n add_v anew_o that_o the_o bishop_n as_o superintendant_n and_o pastor-general_a may_v give_v that_o order_n upon_o the_o distribution_n of_o tithe_n as_o he_o think_v fit_a wherefore_o the_o bishop_n where_o the_o tithe_n be_v many_o and_o fat_a one_o dispose_v of_o they_o different_a way_n part_n they_o attribute_v to_o themselves_o part_n unto_o the_o priest_n of_o the_o cathedral_n and_o they_o appoint_v also_o some_o share_n unto_o the_o monastery_n with_o a_o charge_n that_o they_o shall_v place_v a_o vicar_n in_o the_o cure_n give_v he_o a_o convenient_a portion_n and_o beside_o the_o bishops_n appointment_n 60._o n._n 60._o sometime_o the_o non-parochial_a church_n appropriate_v some_o share_n to_o themselves_o which_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n they_o defend_v afterward_o by_o prescription_n the_o prince_n also_o apply_v some_o unto_o the_o church_n towards_o which_o they_o have_v the_o great_a devotion_n charles_n restore_v to_o the_o people_n the_o liberty_n of_o choose_v bishop_n bishop_n the_o people_n choose_v bishop_n grant_v that_o the_o clerus_fw-la and_o the_o people_n ought_v to_o choose_v one_o of_o their_o own_o diocese_n who_o shall_v be_v present_v to_o the_o prince_n and_o when_o he_o be_v approve_v by_o he_o and_o invest_v by_o give_v he_o the_o crozier_n and_o the_o ring_n he_o be_v to_o be_v consecrate_a by_o the_o neighbour_a bishop_n he_o restore_v also_o to_o the_o monk_n the_o power_n of_o choose_v the_o abbot_n of_o their_o own_o monastery_n abbors_n monk_n choose_v abbors_n he_o establish_v also_o that_o the_o bishop_n ought_v to_o ordain_v those_o priest_n who_o be_v present_v by_o the_o people_n of_o the_o parish_n charles_n establish_v also_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o he_o have_v be_v institute_v when_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o east_n have_v the_o dominion_n over_o rome_n 61._o n._n 61._o viz._n that_o the_o pope_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o by_o the_o people_n people_n pope_n elect_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o people_n and_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o election_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o the_o emperor_n upon_o who_o approbation_n the_o elect_v be_v consecrate_v true_a it_o be_v that_o charles_n be_v dead_a when_o the_o emperor_n of_o his_o posterity_n be_v weak_a in_o power_n or_o in_o the_o brain_n the_o pope_n elect_a by_o the_o people_n cause_v themselves_o to_o be_v consecrate_a without_o expect_v a_o decree_n from_o the_o emperor_n so_o do_v paschal_n with_o lewis_n the_o son_n of_o charles_n though_o indeed_o he_o send_v afterward_o to_o have_v it_o excuse_v that_o it_o proceed_v not_o from_o his_o will_n but_o from_o the_o force_n of_o the_o people_n who_o will_v have_v it_o so_o there_o have_v be_v some_o call_v lewis_n who_o have_v renounce_v the_o faculty_n of_o confirm_v the_o pope_n and_o therefore_o they_o allege_v the_o c._n ego_fw-la ludovicus_n which_o other_o man_n of_o much_o doctrine_n by_o many_o reason_n show_v to_o be_v false_a and_o feign_a wherein_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o toil_n one_o self_n because_o that_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o lotharius_n the_o son_n of_o lewis_n and_z lewis_z the_o second_o his_o nephew_n do_v confirm_v all_o the_o pope_n elect_a in_o their_o age_n in_o these_o time_n 62._o n._n 62._o and_o in_o those_o forego_n and_o succeed_a when_o wait_v for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v sometime_o absent_a that_o some_o month_n pass_v before_o the_o elect_v be_v confirm_v and_o consecrate_v afterward_o he_o before_o the_o consecration_n behave_v himself_o not_o as_o pope_n neither_o do_v he_o administer_v except_o that_o some_o particular_a thing_n whereto_o urgent_a necessity_n constrain_v to_o provide_v for_o at_o the_o present_a neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o who_o attend_v therein_o as_o happen_v to_o st._n gregory_n neither_o be_v he_o call_v episcopus_fw-la but_o electus_n much_o less_o do_v he_o hold_v the_o chief_a place_n but_o the_o archpriest_n hold_v it_o who_o give_v himself_o this_o title_n also_o servans_fw-la locum_fw-la sancti_fw-la sedi_fw-la apostolicae_fw-la but_o after_o the_o prince_n be_v exclude_v as_o shall_v be_v speak_v of_o in_o its_o place_n the_o time_n be_v never_o long_a between_o the_o election_n and_o the_o consecration_n and_o it_o be_v not_o say_v that_o the_o election_n alone_o give_v the_o popedom_n but_o the_o consecration_n wherefore_o if_o any_o one_o elect_v die_v before_o he_o be_v consecrate_v he_o be_v not_o put_v into_o the_o catalogue_n or_o number_n of_o the_o pope_n as_o happen_v to_o one_o stephen_n 63._o n._n 63._o choose_v after_o the_o death_n of_o zacharia_n anno_fw-la 752._o he_o be_v not_o consecrate_v and_o therefore_o not_o put_v into_o the_o catalogue_n pope_n nicholas_n the_o second_o for_o what_o appear_v be_v the_o first_o who_o declare_v anno_fw-la 1059._o that_o if_o the_o pope_n elect_n can_v not_o be_v enthrone_v by_o reason_n of_o war_n or_o through_o the_o malignity_n of_o man_n nevertheless_o he_o shall_v have_v authority_n as_o a_o true_a pope_n to_o govern_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o to_o dispose_v of_o its_o good_n nevertheless_o some_o relic_n remain_v still_o for_o if_o the_o pope_n make_v a_o bull_n before_o his_o consecration_n he_o say_v not_o pontificatus_fw-la nostri_fw-la anno_fw-la primo_fw-la but_o say_v a_o die_n sascepti_fw-la a_o nobis_fw-la apostolatus_fw-la officii_fw-la and_o man_n have_v not_o be_v want_v upon_o occasion_n to_o say_v that_o the_o pope_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v call_v bishop_n before_o but_o elect_v neither_o can_v he_o use_v a_o bull_n and_o such_o opposition_n be_v make_v against_o pope_n clement_n the_o 5_o whereupon_o he_o anno_fw-la 1306_o make_v a_o bull_n where_o he_o forbid_v under_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v expose_v these_o difficulty_n abroad_o campo_fw-it a_fw-it campo_fw-it so_o that_o it_o be_v hold_v at_o present_a for_o a_o article_n against_o what_o antiquity_n believe_v that_o by_o the_o sole_a election_n of_o the_o cardinal_n the_o pope_n receive_v all_o the_o authority_n 64._o n._n 64._o and_o therefore_o the_o writer_n of_o these_o time_n have_v labour_v hard_a to_o put_v into_o their_o number_n and_o catalogue_n that_o stephen_n of_o who_o we_o have_v speak_v wherefore_o they_o have_v alter_v the_o number_n of_o the_o other_o stephens_n follow_v call_v the_o second_o three_o and_o the_o three_o four_o and_o so_o to_o the_o nine_o which_o they_o number_n to_o be_v ten_o with_o much_o confusion_n among_o ancient_a and_o modern_a writer_n spring_v up_o only_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o maintain_v this_o article_n in_o the_o beginning_n the_o government_n of_o the_o holy_a church_n have_v altogether_o a_o democratical_a form_n all_o the_o faithful_a intervening_a in_o the_o chief_a deliberation_n democratical_a government_n of_o the_o churuh_n first_o democratical_a thus_o we_o see_v that_o all_o do_v intervene_v at_o the_o election_n of_o mathias_n unto_o the_o apostleship_n and_o in_o the_o election_n of_o the_o six_o deacon_n and_o when_o st._n peter_n receive_v cornelius_n a_o heathen_a centurion_n unto_o the_o faith_n he_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o all_o the_o church_n likewise_o in_o the_o council_n celebrate_v in_o jerusalem_n the_o apostle_n the_o priest_n and_o the_o other_o faithful_a brethren_n do_v intervene_v and_o the_o letter_n be_v write_v in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o these_o three_o order_n 65._o n._n 65._o in_o success_n of_o time_n when_o the_o church_n increase_v in_o number_n the_o faithful_a retire_n themselves_o to_o the_o affair_n of_o their_o family_n and_o have_v leave_v those_o of_o the_o congregation_n the_o government_n remain_v only_o in_o the_o minister_n and_o become_v aristocratical_a save_v the_o election_n which_o become_v popular_a aristocratical_a then_o aristocratical_a whereupon_o all_o affair_n be_v resolve_v with_o council_n the_o bishop_n of_o the_o same_o province_n with_o the_o metropolitan_a assemble_v at_o least_o twice_o in_o the_o year_n make_v a_o provincial_a synod_n the_o clerk_n with_o the_o bishop_n make_v a_o diocesan_n synod_n consistory_n

provincial_a synod_n diocesan_n synod_n consistory_n and_o they_o hold_v a_o assembly_n almost_o daily_o which_o be_v call_v the_o consistory_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o emperor_n counsellor_n to_o which_o that_o name_n be_v give_v in_o the_o ecclesiastical_a consistory_n the_o chief_a of_o the_o city_n church_n do_v intervene_v with_o the_o bishop_n a_o thing_n grow_v out_o of_o use_n in_o all_o place_n only_o in_o rome_n the_o image_n remain_v there_o they_o propose_v discuss_v and_o resolve_v all_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n but_o after_o that_o benefice_n be_v erect_v the_o priest_n have_v his_o live_n separate_v take_v little_a care_n of_o the_o common_a affair_n and_o cease_v from_o intervening_a in_o the_o consistory_n 66._o n._n 66._o whereupon_o that_o grow_v out_o of_o custom_n and_o instead_o thereof_o the_o bishop_n make_v a_o assembly_n of_o all_o the_o clerk_n of_o their_o cathedral_n church_n to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o as_o well_o for_o council_n as_o for_o minister_n in_o the_o government_n who_o receive_v the_o share_n of_o their_o live_n from_o the_o common_a mass_n or_o stock_n every_o year_n every_o month_n every_o day_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v canon_n canon_n canon_n from_o the_o word_n canon_n which_o in_o the_o western_a empire_n signify_v the_o measure_n of_o wheat_n which_o suffice_v for_o a_o private_a man_n food_n or_o for_o a_o family_n or_o for_o a_o city_n and_o this_o institution_n of_o canon_n do_v a_o little_a precede_v the_o time_n of_o charlemagne_n by_o who_o they_o be_v also_o better_o settle_v here_o it_o be_v also_o requisite_a to_o be_v note_v that_o in_o those_o time_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o wealthiness_n of_o the_o benefice_n they_o create_v for_o bishop_n the_o chief_a man_n of_o the_o court_n and_o of_o the_o city_n to_o who_o the_o prince_n likewise_o commit_v a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o political_a government_n first_o extraordinary_o and_o then_o see_v it_o succeed_v well_o 67._o n._n 67._o ordinary_o though_o not_o in_o all_o gity_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o according_a to_o the_o occurrence_n of_o the_o place_n and_o to_o the_o worth_n or_o goodness_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o also_o according_a to_o the_o little_a aptness_n of_o the_o lord_n or_o earl_n câ—nte_fw-la câ—nte_fw-la who_o be_v sometime_o supply_v by_o refer_v unto_o the_o bishop_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o when_o the_o posterity_n of_o charles_n be_v afterward_o degenerate_v and_o plunge_v into_o the_o depth_n of_o ignorance_n the_o bishop_n think_v it_o better_o for_o they_o not_o to_o acknowledge_v any_o more_o that_o authority_n of_o the_o prince_n from_o whence_o it_o come_v but_o to_o attribute_v it_o to_o themselves_o only_o and_o to_o exercise_v it_o as_o a_o peculiar_a of_o the_o bishop_n jurisdiction_n ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n and_o to_o call_v it_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n and_o such_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o that_o which_o we_o now_o see_v contend_v for_o with_o prince_n and_o which_o put_v a_o little_a confusion_n sometime_o in_o the_o good_a civil_a government_n the_o affair_n establish_v by_o charlemagne_n have_v no_o long_a duration_n 68_o n._n 68_o through_o the_o little_a worth_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o his_o posterity_n who_o hold_v the_o empire_n whereupon_o beyond_o the_o alps_o thing_n easy_o return_v to_o their_o first_o abuse_n the_o people_n in_o few_o place_n and_o very_o seldom_o have_v any_o share_n in_o the_o choose_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o not_o much_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n but_o the_o bishop_n ordain_v and_o give_v benefice_n to_o who_o they_o please_v except_o when_o some_o man_n be_v propose_v by_o the_o prince_n in_o which_o case_n they_o fail_v not_o to_o obey_v the_o pope_n of_o rome_n be_v always_o elect_v by_o the_o people_n and_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n afore_o he_o be_v consecrate_v and_o the_o other_o italian_a bishop_n be_v not_o consecrate_v unless_o the_o emperor_n have_v first_o approve_v of_o they_o in_o france_n and_o in_o germany_n much_o more_o if_o the_o pope_n be_v willing_a to_o favour_v any_o one_o in_o the_o neighbour_a bishopric_n of_o rome_n he_o have_v recourse_n to_o the_o emperor_n beseech_v he_o he_o will_v vouchsafe_v to_o give_v he_o the_o bishopric_n and_o if_o any_o instance_n be_v make_v to_o he_o that_o he_o will_v grant_v the_o consecrate_v of_o any_o one_o who_o have_v not_o the_o emperor_n letter_n he_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o bring_v to_o mind_n they_o shall_v be_v first_o obtain_v but_o the_o posterity_n of_o charles_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o italy_n in_o the_o year_n 884._o 69._o n._n 69._o adrian_z the_o 3d._n make_v a_o decree_n that_o the_o pope_n shall_v be_v consecrate_v without_o the_o emperor_n it_o be_v not_o beside_o the_o argument_n that_o have_v design_v to_o treat_v of_o benefice_n we_o have_v discourse_v of_o the_o popedom_n and_o be_v yet_o to_o discourse_v of_o it_o for_o the_o future_a that_o be_v one_o among_o the_o benefice_n and_o especial_o name_v for_o a_o benefice_n by_o clement_n the_o 3d._n in_o a_o time_n when_o the_o popedom_n of_o rome_n be_v not_o only_o ascend_v to_o its_o height_n of_o greatness_n but_o have_v also_o some_o peculiar_a dignity_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o other_o and_o it_o be_v a_o most_o note_a thing_n pope_n pope_n that_o ancient_o the_o name_n of_o sanct_n we_o &_o sanctissimus_fw-la beatus_fw-la &_o beatissimus_fw-la be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o faithful_a in_o christ_n when_o all_o man_n still_o aspire_v to_o perfect_a sanctity_n afterward_o that_o secular_a man_n have_v attain_v to_o much_o more_o conveniency_n in_o worldly_a affair_n these_o name_n remain_v among_o the_o clerical_a order_n and_o after_o the_o decline_a of_o the_o inferior_a clergy_n they_o remain_v among_o the_o bishop_n only_o 70._o n._n 70._o final_o the_o bishop_n be_v give_v to_o worldly_a affair_n they_o remain_v to_o he_o of_o 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be_v not_o so_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o spiritual_a cure_n be_v diminish_v in_o the_o prelate_n by_o so_o much_o they_o be_v intent_n in_o the_o preserve_n of_o their_o temporal_a good_n and_o they_o have_v convert_v the_o spiritual_a arm_n of_o excommunicate_v excommunication_n excommunication_n which_o be_v use_v only_o for_o the_o correction_n of_o sinner_n into_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o temporal_a possession_n and_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o they_o also_o if_o by_o chance_n the_o little_a care_n of_o the_o predecessor_n have_v let_v any_o thing_n be_v lose_v and_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o censure_n be_v so_o great_a among_o the_o people_n that_o nothing_o put_v they_o into_o a_o great_a fright_v and_o it_o be_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n that_o captain_n and_o soldier_n most_o wicked_a in_o other_o thing_n and_o without_o any_o fear_n of_o god_n usurp_v their_o neighbour_n right_o without_o any_o regard_n of_o offend_v his_o divine_a majesty_n preserve_v with_o great_a respect_n the_o thing_n of_o the_o church_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o censure_n from_o hence_o 76._o n._n 76._o many_o of_o slender_a power_n be_v move_v with_o desire_n of_o secure_v their_o own_o from_o violence_n make_v donation_n thereof_o to_o the_o church_n condition_n bequest_n on_o condition_n upon_o condition_n that_o it_o shall_v give_v it_o in_o fee_n with_o a_o slight_a acknowledgement_n this_o secure_v the_o estate_n which_o belong_v not_o to_o potent_a man_n as_o those_o who_o dominion_n belong_v direct_o to_o the_o church_n afterward_o the_o heir_n male_a of_o the_o feoditaries_n fail_v which_o often_o happen_v by_o frequent_a war_n and_o popular_a sedition_n that_o the_o estate_n fall_v to_o the_o church_n see_v that_o hitherto_o we_o have_v declare_v in_o what_o manner_n ecclesiastical_a estate_n have_v be_v acquire_v and_o the_o reason_n of_o tything_n those_o of_o the_o laity_n this_o place_n persuade_v that_o the_o question_n debate_v in_o our_o time_n shall_v be_v treat_v and_o resolve_v before_o we_o pass_v any_o further_o that_o be_v to_o say_v whether_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n be_v possess_v by_o divine_a or_o humane_a right_n estate_n question_n concern_v ecclefiastical_a estate_n and_o who_o shall_v have_v the_o dominion_n of_o they_o the_o common_a opinion_n distinguish_v the_o possession_n leave_v to_o the_o church_n by_o will_n 77._o n._n 77._o or_o by_o donation_n of_o the_o faithful_a or_o acquire_v in_o some_o other_o manner_n by_o tithe_n by_o first_o fruit_n or_o by_o other_o oblation_n and_o as_o to_o the_o possession_n all_o agree_v they_o ought_v to_o be_v call_v temporal_a good_n and_o that_o the_o church_n enjoy_v they_o by_o humane_a right_n wherefore_o it_o be_v certain_a as_o have_v be_v declare_v above_o that_o the_o purchase_n of_o estate_n be_v prohibit_v to_o all_o college_n whatsoever_o the_o church_n at_o first_o by_o permission_n and_o afterward_o by_o grant_n from_o the_o emperor_n have_v the_o power_n of_o purchase_v and_o there_o be_v the_o canon_n annex_v quo_fw-la jure_fw-la d._n 8._o wherein_o be_v affirm_v that_o by_o the_o only_a fundamental_a of_o humane_a law_n it_o be_v say_v this_o possession_n be_v i_o this_o servant_n be_v i_o and_o that_o take_v away_o the_o law_n of_o the_o prince_n neither_o church_n nor_o any_o one_o else_o can_v say_v that_o any_o thing_n be_v their_o own_o and_o no_o man_n can_v doubt_v but_o that_o the_o division_n of_o possession_n be_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o transfer_v dominion_n from_o one_o to_o another_o as_o the_o give_v the_o bequeath_v by_o will_n and_o all_o contracting_n and_o disposing_n be_v humane_a law_n commonwealth_n and_o kingdom_n have_v be_v where_o the_o testament_n have_v be_v unknown_a jure_fw-la romano_n 78._o n._n 78._o it_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n only_o to_o make_v a_o will_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a that_o the_o manner_n of_o purchase_v shall_v be_v by_o humane_a right_n and_o the_o continuation_n of_o purchase_v shall_v be_v by_o divine_a when_o any_o thing_n be_v give_v or_o bequeath_v to_o the_o church_n there_o be_v a_o difficulty_n in_o it_o whether_o the_o title_n be_v valid_a or_o no_o it_o be_v judge_v by_o humane_a law_n and_o hold_v the_o lawful_a right_n possession_n be_v give_v according_a to_o they_o therefore_o still_o in_o virtue_n of_o they_o and_o not_o otherwise_o one_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o dominion_n and_o in_o the_o possession_n but_o because_o every_o one_o agree_v in_o this_o i_o will_v go_v no_o further_o only_o i_o shall_v add_v as_o for_o a_o corrollary_n which_o be_v clear_o resolve_v from_o hence_o and_o without_o difficulty_n whether_o the_o exemption_n which_o ecclesiastical_a possession_n have_v exemption_n exemption_n be_v by_o jure_fw-la divino_fw-la or_o humano_fw-la seeing_n that_o possess_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o possess_v proceed_v always_o from_o

to_o wonder_v if_o so_o many_o modern_a writer_n in_o such_o like_a question_n as_o in_o this_o which_o make_v the_o pope_n absolute_a master_n of_o all_o the_o benefice_n and_o of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n do_v defend_v opinion_n contrary_a to_o antiquity_n and_o contrary_a to_o those_o institution_n which_o have_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o and_o from_o apostolical_a man_n because_o that_o as_o st._n cyprian_n very_o sensible_o complain_v that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o imperfection_n of_o man_n that_o whereas_o custom_n shall_v be_v conformable_a to_o good_a doctrine_n and_o to_o law_n on_o the_o contrary_a the_o doctrine_n of_o interest_v man_n accommodate_v itself_o to_o the_o custom_n and_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o in_o all_o the_o course_n of_o so_o many_o age_n there_o have_v be_v no_o novelty_n introduce_v even_o concern_v religion_n but_o immediate_o it_o have_v meet_v with_o defender_n what_o a_o wonder_n will_v it_o be_v 93._o n._n 93._o that_o this_o shall_v happen_v in_o those_o novelty_n and_o introduction_n which_o serve_v for_o wealth_n ease_n and_o humane_a concern_v whereunto_o many_o may_v aspire_v the_o confusion_n which_o be_v in_o italy_n in_o politic_a affair_n by_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o king_n and_o emperor_n which_o be_v make_v in_o those_o time_n cause_v also_o a_o extreme_a disorder_n in_o other_o city_n about_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n bishop_n and_o abbot_n be_v sometime_o make_v by_o prince_n and_o sometime_o intrude_v by_o their_o own_o power_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a minister_n likewise_o be_v sometime_o make_v by_o those_o who_o bear_v sway_n in_o the_o city_n and_o sometime_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o now_o and_o then_o benefice_n be_v possess_v by_o he_o who_o have_v power_n or_o popular_a favour_n in_o the_o year_n 963_o otho_n a_o saxon_a bring_v his_o arm_n into_o italy_n and_o become_v master_n of_o it_o and_o to_o give_v form_n unto_o the_o government_n he_o assemble_v a_o little_a council_n of_o bishop_n deprive_v pope_n john_n 12_o who_o be_v make_v pope_n in_o his_o minority_n under_o the_o age_n of_o 18_o by_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n and_o by_o a_o great_a concourse_n in_o that_o city_n 94._o n._n 94._o and_o live_v in_o the_o popedom_n commit_v adultery_n perjury_n and_o other_o irreligious_a custom_n otho_n make_v he_o to_o be_v renounce_v by_o the_o people_n and_o by_o pope_n leo_n the_o 8_o create_v by_o he_o instead_o of_o john_n the_o authority_n of_o create_v the_o pope_n and_o the_o other_o bishop_n in_o italy_n he_o retain_v and_o his_o son_n and_o his_o nephew_n of_o the_o same_o name_n unto_o the_o year_n 1001_o for_o the_o space_n of_o 36_o year_n and_o during_o the_o number_n of_o twelve_o pope_n which_o be_v in_o that_o time_n two_o of_o they_o be_v create_v quiet_o by_o the_o prince_n the_o other_o in_o sedition_n for_o which_o cause_n the_o first_o otho_n carry_v one_o prisoner_n into_o germany_n and_o otho_n the_o three_o carry_v another_o one_o be_v strangle_v by_o he_o who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o be_v make_v in_o his_o room_n one_o run_v away_o have_v rob_v the_o treasury_n of_o the_o church_n ornament_n and_o another_o withdraw_v himself_o into_o a_o voluntary_a exile_n so_o that_o in_o these_o year_n we_o meet_v with_o pope_n yet_o as_o baronius_n say_v scontriame_n scontriame_n they_o be_v in_o the_o catalogue_n only_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o number_n for_o as_o to_o the_o rest_n the_o church_n have_v no_o other_o head_n but_o christ._n the_o other_o bishop_n and_o the_o abbot_n be_v create_v by_o the_o emperor_n without_o any_o contradiction_n 95._o n._n 95._o and_o the_o manner_n be_v that_o when_o a_o bishop_n die_v his_o crosier-staff_n and_o his_o ring_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o emperor_n who_o have_v determine_v on_o who_o to_o bestow_v the_o benefice_n he_o invest_v he_o by_o give_v he_o the_o ring_n and_o the_o staff_n upon_o receive_v of_o which_o token_n he_o go_v into_o possession_n and_o get_v himself_o consecrate_a by_o his_o metropolitan_a or_o by_o the_o neighbour_a bishop_n which_o custom_n be_v observe_v also_o in_o france_n and_o in_o germany_n other_o small_a benefice_n be_v confer_v by_o the_o bishop_n or_o by_o the_o abbot_n under_o who_o they_o be_v unless_o the_o prince_n nominate_v any_o one_o to_o a_o vacant_a benefice_n for_o to_o such_o a_o one_o it_o be_v give_v without_o any_o reply_n or_o if_o he_o be_v recommend_v by_o the_o prince_n to_o have_v a_o benefice_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v vacant_a who_o by_o reason_n of_o that_o expectation_n grant_v by_o the_o prince_n come_v to_o be_v provide_v by_o the_o bishop_n with_o the_o first_o vacancy_n thus_o do_v the_o otho_n governor_n without_o contradiction_n from_o the_o pope_n although_o the_o second_o of_o they_o dwell_v a_o very_a long_a time_n in_o rome_n where_o he_o die_v also_o and_o be_v bury_v after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o otho_n 96._o n._n 96._o there_o be_v preserve_v among_o the_o succeed_v emperor_n the_o same_o power_n of_o bestow_v of_o bishopric_n and_o abbey_n and_o also_o of_o nominate_v unto_o inferior_a benefice_n or_o else_o of_o give_v expectancy_n of_o benefice_n which_o be_v to_o become_v vacant_a indeed_o the_o imperial_a authority_n diminish_v in_o rome_n the_o confusion_n return_v into_o that_o church_n for_o the_o people_n have_v reassume_v the_o authority_n of_o elect_v the_o pope_n and_o choose_v three_o of_o they_o quiet_o benedictus_n octavus_n and_o john_n the_o 20_o brethren_n be_v elect_v one_o after_o another_o with_o some_o show_n of_o faction_n and_o this_o last_o be_v dead_a benedictus_n four_o their_o nephew_n be_v choose_v at_o 12_o year_n of_o age_n who_o beside_o many_o other_o excess_n sell_v a_o part_n of_o the_o popedom_n to_o one_o sylvester_n the_o 3d_o and_o another_o part_n to_o gregory_n 6_o and_o all_o three_o sit_v in_o rome_n at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o much_o confusion_n chief_o that_o this_o gregory_n have_v arm_v himself_o with_o soldier_n foot_n and_o horse_n 97._o n._n 97._o and_o with_o great_a slaughter_n get_v the_o possession_n of_o st._n peter_n church_n he_o enlarge_v his_o part_n by_o arm_n wherefore_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o black_a go_v into_o italy_n put_v benedictus_n to_o flight_n send_v sylvester_n away_o banish_a gregory_n into_o germany_n and_o deprive_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n of_o the_o power_n of_o make_v any_o more_o pope_n and_o he_o make_v three_o pope_n successive_o all_o german_n by_o nation_n who_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o emperor_n take_v upon_o they_o the_o pontifical_a habit_n and_o ensign_n without_o any_o thing_n else_o the_o three_o who_o be_v brunus_n bishop_n of_o zul_n have_v by_o the_o emperor_n deputation_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o habit_n in_o trisinga_n and_o therewith_o take_v his_o journey_n as_o far_o as_o clugni_n hildebrand_n a_o monk_n foster-son_n of_o st._n peter_n church_n in_o rome_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a subtlety_n will_v by_o art_n restore_v the_o election_n to_o the_o roman_n counsel_v brunus_n who_o clothe_v in_o his_o pontifical_a habit_n be_v call_v leo_n 9th_o to_o clothe_v himself_o like_o a_o pilgrim_n and_o so_o to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o that_o he_o will_v be_v more_o acceptable_a to_o the_o roman_a people_n 98._o n._n 98._o leo_n consent_v and_o enter_v rome_n in_o a_o pilgrim_n habit_n and_o by_o the_o suggestion_n of_o hildebrand_n be_v proclaim_v pope_n of_o rome_n by_o the_o people_n but_o this_o art_n do_v not_o prevent_v the_o emperor_n when_o leo_n be_v dead_a from_o choose_v in_o mentz_n geberard_n of_o aichstat_n who_o immediate_o put_v on_o the_o habit_n and_o be_v call_v vector_n the_o second_o the_o emperor_n than_o do_v not_o only_o bestow_v benefice_n but_o also_o make_v constitution_n against_o those_o who_o obtain_v they_o by_o simony_n pardon_v the_o error_n commit_v until_o that_o time_n and_o impose_v penalty_n for_o the_o future_a henry_n the_o black_a die_a leave_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n henry_n the_o four_o who_o succeed_v he_o in_o a_o tender_a age_n during_o who_o minority_n although_o the_o pope_n be_v create_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o emperor_n tutor_n and_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o abbot_n be_v invest_v by_o he_o with_o the_o ring_n and_o the_o crozier_n staff_n the_o pope_n nevertheless_o make_v use_n of_o the_o occasion_n gain_v by_o little_a and_o little_a some_o great_a liberty_n adhere_v also_o to_o one_o side_n or_o party_n of_o the_o tutor_n who_o differ_v about_o they_o and_o make_v faction_n whereupon_o nicolas_n second_o 99_o n._n 99_o make_v a_o constitution_n about_o the_o election_n of_o the_o pope_n ordain_v it_o shall_v first_o pass_v through_o the_o cardinal_n bishop_n then_o shall_v be_v propose_v to_o the_o cardinal_n clergyman_n in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o the_o clergy_n and_o

to_o the_o people_n and_o in_o the_o four_o place_n the_o emperor_n consent_v shall_v be_v seek_v for_o in_o which_o manner_n alexander_n 2d_o his_o successor_n be_v elect_v the_o emperor_n will_v not_o confirm_v he_o nor_o accept_v of_o the_o excuse_n which_o the_o cardinal_n send_v by_o one_o of_o they_o to_o make_v by_o embassy_n say_v it_o be_v do_v to_o avoid_v a_o sharp_a civil_a dissension_n but_o all_o with_o great_a respect_n to_o the_o emperor_n the_o elect_v be_v his_o friend_n yet_o the_o emperor_n choose_v the_o bishop_n of_o parma_n for_o pope_n upon_o the_o instance_n of_o gerard_n of_o parma_n his_o chancellor_n but_o three_o year_n after_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v alter_v and_o gerard_n the_o chancellor_n depose_v the_o bishop_n of_o parma_n be_v also_o depose_v from_o the_o popedom_n and_o alexander_n accept_v who_o in_o the_o year_n 1072_o there_o be_v make_v in_o germany_n a_o conspiracy_n of_o the_o bavarian_n and_o saxonians_n against_o the_o emperor_n he_o join_v with_o they_o and_o enter_v into_o the_o league_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v cite_v the_o emperor_n unto_o rome_n as_o impute_v of_o simony_n for_o have_v confer_v bishopric_n for_o money_n the_o pontifical_a action_n be_v much_o admire_v 100_o n._n 100_o never_o any_o pope_n have_v come_v so_o far_o but_o it_o soon_o pass_v under_o silence_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o pope_n after_o who_o gregory_n seven_o a_o monk_n of_o sienna_n attain_v the_o popedom_n who_o be_v hildebrand_n above_o nominate_v by_o the_o emperor_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1076_o have_v be_v three_o year_n in_o the_o popedom_n find_v the_o emperor_n yet_o young_a and_o germany_n full_a of_o commotion_n he_o deliberate_v to_o exclude_v he_o total_o from_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n and_o make_v he_o a_o monitory_a that_o for_o the_o future_a he_o ought_v not_o to_o intrude_v therein_o the_o emperor_n make_v a_o great_a resistance_n whereupon_o the_o pope_n excommunicate_v he_o absolve_v his_o subject_n from_o the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o suspend_v he_o from_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o italy_n and_o of_o germany_n he_o excommunicate_v also_o the_o bishop_n his_o minister_n colleague_v himself_o with_o his_o rebel_n provoke_v the_o emperor_n own_o mother_n against_o her_o son_n and_o during_o the_o time_n which_o last_v until_o the_o year_n 1085_o when_o the_o pope_n die_v in_o banishment_n at_o salerno_n 101._o n._n 101._o he_o excommunicate_v the_o emperor_n four_o time_n and_o make_v a_o general_a decree_n that_o if_o any_o clergyman_n shall_v receive_v a_o bishopric_n or_o a_o abbey_n from_o a_o layman_n hand_n he_o shall_v be_v account_v no_o clergyman_n by_o any_o one_o and_o shall_v be_v deprive_v from_o enter_v into_o the_o church_n and_o the_o like_a for_o he_o who_o shall_v receive_v other_o benefice_n unto_o which_o penalty_n he_o subject_v also_o the_o emperor_n the_o king_n the_o duke_n the_o marquis_n and_o the_o earl_n and_o every_o power_n or_o person_n secular_a that_o shall_v dare_v to_o invest_v with_o benefice_n the_o emperor_n maintain_v his_o cause_n by_o his_o arm_n against_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o colleague_n and_o be_v follow_v by_o most_o part_n of_o the_o bishop_n whereupon_o the_o pope_n be_v in_o a_o grievous_a danger_n but_o he_o who_o have_v former_o excommunicate_v the_o norman_n as_o usurper_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sicily_n and_o puglia_n have_v recourse_n to_o their_o assistance_n grant_v they_o all_o that_o for_o which_o he_o have_v persecute_v they_o and_o absolve_v they_o from_o the_o excommunication_n and_o if_o for_o this_o cause_n robert_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o of_o sicily_n 102._o n._n 102._o who_o heretofore_o be_v a_o persecutor_n of_o the_o pope_n have_v not_o turn_v to_o his_o defence_n to_o make_v a_o counterbalance_n to_o the_o emperor_n he_o have_v maintain_v his_o cause_n with_o a_o total_a victory_n but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o robert_n the_o pope_n be_v support_v although_o in_o exile_n and_o he_o be_v dead_a in_o his_o assistance_n and_o three_o rogers_n of_o the_o same_o family_n the_o same_o contention_n continue_v likewise_o with_o the_o two_o successor_n of_o gregory_n both_o monk_n of_o the_o same_o order_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v vrban_a 2d_o who_o in_o reward_n of_o the_o service_n do_v by_o the_o norman_n give_v one_o of_o they_o a_o bull_n for_o the_o monarchy_n of_o sicily_n real_o grant_v they_o a_o great_a management_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n than_o that_o he_o will_v take_v from_o the_o emperor_n which_o to_o do_v beside_o the_o excommunication_n he_o often_o repeat_v against_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o rebellion_n he_o stir_v up_o against_o he_o make_v his_o elder_a son_n to_o rebel_n against_o he_o also_o and_o by_o his_o mean_n exclude_v the_o emperor_n almost_o out_o of_o italy_n but_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o pope_n who_o succeed_v repeat_v the_o excommunication_n against_o the_o emperor_n and_o raise_v many_o rebellion_n make_v his_o other_o son_n to_o rebel_n also_o with_o who_o the_o father_n engage_v in_o war_n 103._o n._n 103._o one_o time_n overcome_v and_o another_o time_n victorious_a come_v final_o to_o condition_n of_o agreement_n wherein_o he_o be_v cheat_v and_o reduce_v to_o a_o private_a life_n leave_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n who_o be_v call_v henry_n henry_n four_o be_v dead_a paschal_n for_o so_o be_v call_v the_o four_o pope_n among_o they_o for_o beginning_n from_o gregory_n seven_o they_o fight_v with_o excommunication_n and_o spiritual_a weapon_n for_o the_o take_v away_o of_o the_o investiture_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbey_n from_o the_o emperor_n he_o assemble_v a_o council_n at_o gnastalla_n and_o then_o at_o troy_n in_o france_n and_o renew_v in_o they_o both_o the_o decree_n of_o gregory_n seven_o and_o of_o vrban_a 2d_o that_o no_o layman_n shall_v hinder_v the_o confer_v of_o benefice_n in_o france_n the_o decree_n be_v not_o accept_v by_o the_o king_n but_o he_o continue_v according_a to_o custom_n and_o also_o the_o emperor_n henry_n 2d_o the_o son_n oppose_v it_o who_o in_o the_o year_n 1110_o come_v arm_v into_o italy_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o which_o the_o pope_n have_v oppose_v himself_o by_o controversy_n depend_v between_o they_o they_o agree_v that_o henry_n shall_v go_v to_o rome_n for_o the_o crown_n 104._o n._n 104._o put_v the_o controversy_n of_o investiture_n to_o silence_n neither_o party_n be_v to_o speak_v of_o they_o henry_n go_v to_o rome_n where_o pope_n paschal_n appear_v to_o he_o to_o be_v superior_a in_o strength_n not_o remain_v firm_a in_o the_o condition_n he_o will_v have_v he_o to_o renounce_v the_o investiture_n and_o henry_n confide_v in_o his_o bold_a force_n propose_v on_o the_o contrary_a that_o the_o pope_n shall_v revoke_v the_o decree_n say_v he_o will_v not_o be_v inferior_a to_o charlemagne_n ludovicus_n pius_n and_o other_o emperor_n who_o have_v give_v the_o investiture_n peaceable_o and_o quiet_o whereupon_o the_o contention_n increase_n the_o emperor_n take_v the_o pope_n prisoner_n and_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o cardinal_n carry_v they_o from_o the_o city_n a_o accommodation_n be_v treat_v on_o and_o final_o the_o pope_n agree_v to_o crown_v he_o and_o to_o let_v he_o have_v the_o confer_v of_o benefice_n without_o excommunicate_v he_o for_o it_o and_o he_o swear_v to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o agreement_n and_o the_o mass_n be_v celebrate_v the_o pope_n divide_v the_o wafer_n 105._o n._n 105._o and_o with_o one_o half_a he_o communicate_v himself_o and_o the_o emperor_n with_o the_o other_o half_a make_v curse_v and_o dreadful_a imprecation_n for_o which_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v a_o violater_n of_o the_o agreement_n the_o pope_n go_v back_o to_o rome_n say_v he_o will_v observe_v the_o agreement_n but_o yet_o his_o legate_n excommunicate_v the_o emperor_n and_o he_o two_o year_n after_o in_o 1112._o call_v a_o council_n confirm_v the_o decree_n of_o gregory_n and_o vrban_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v receive_v investiture_n from_o layman_n and_o cause_v the_o council_n to_o annul_v the_o agreement_n make_v with_o the_o emperor_n and_o final_o in_o 1116_o excommunicate_v he_o beside_o pascal_n die_v and_o gelasius_n the_o second_o succeed_v he_o at_o first_o than_o calisto_n the_o second_o with_o who_o the_o contention_n last_v and_o by_o who_o and_o by_o all_o of_o they_o the_o emperor_n be_v successive_o excommunicate_v these_o three_o pope_n do_v not_o only_o make_v use_n of_o excommunicate_v but_o also_o stir_v up_o many_o sedition_n against_o the_o emperor_n the_o chief_a of_o one_o be_v lotharius_n a_o saxon_a who_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o have_v many_o victory_n final_o in_o the_o year_n 1122._o henry_n perceive_v himself_o in_o so_o many_o difficulty_n renounce_v the_o investiture_n 106._o n._n

of_o good_n of_o wife_n and_o of_o child_n engage_v themselves_o in_o this_o warfar_o and_o sell_v their_o own_o go_v beyond_o sea_n yea_o the_o very_a woman_n without_o have_v respect_n to_o their_o childbearing_n sell_v their_o good_n to_o contribute_v towards_o the_o war._n the_o pope_n with_o their_o priest_n and_o other_o prelate_n receive_v under_o their_o protection_n the_o house_n and_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o cruci-signati_a so_o be_v call_v those_o who_o go_v to_o the_o war_n and_o that_o bring_v to_o the_o church_n such_o a_o increase_n as_o be_v wont_a to_o bring_v the_o be_v tutor_n 120._o n._n 120._o curate_z or_o a_o procurator_n for_o widow_n orphan_n and_o person_n under_o age_n neither_o can_v the_o secular_a magistrate_n so_o much_o as_o think_v of_o defend_v any_o one_o for_o terror_n of_o the_o censure_n which_o they_o make_v use_v of_o without_o sparingness_n a_o great_a point_n be_v add_v which_o eugenius_n the_o three_o constitute_v that_o for_o this_o pious_a work_n every_o one_o may_v alienate_v the_o fee-farm_n he_o hold_v which_o if_o the_o patron_n can_v not_o receive_v yet_o against_o his_o will_n they_o may_v be_v take_v by_o the_o church_n which_o open_v a_o broad_a way_n to_o the_o purchase_n very_o large_o it_o happen_v also_o that_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n make_v use_v of_o the_o arm_n prepare_v for_o the_o holy_a land_n in_o some_o enterprise_n whereby_o they_o augment_v the_o temporal_a estate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n and_o also_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o place_n where_o the_o say_v arm_n be_v meet_v together_o to_o unite_v themselves_o for_o the_o voyage_n they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o for_o divers_a augmentation_n of_o the_o church_n temporality_n there_o be_v also_o offer_v and_o gather_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o money_n 121._o n._n 121._o take_v from_o the_o faithful_a especial_o from_o woman_n and_o other_o who_o be_v unfit_a to_o serve_v in_o the_o war_n personal_o likewise_o to_o free_a one_o self_n from_o a_o vow_n make_v as_o also_o to_o obtain_v indulgence_n and_o other_o grant_n all_o be_v not_o spend_v in_o that_o war_n no_o doubt_n but_o some_o prince_n may_v partake_v of_o it_o but_o a_o notable_a share_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o prelate_n whereby_o ecclesiastical_a affair_n make_v some_o augmentation_n after_o this_o be_v institute_v the_o military_a religion_n of_o the_o templar_n hospitallar_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o temple_n build_v at_o jerusalem_n for_o the_o pilgrim_n who_o go_v thither_o and_o for_o to_o fight_v against_o the_o saracen_n which_o although_o it_o be_v a_o new_a thing_n to_o institute_v religion_n for_o the_o shed_n of_o blood_n yet_o it_o be_v receive_v with_o so_o much_o fervour_n that_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n they_o gain_v great_a store_n of_o wealth_n all_o these_o way_n bring_v great_a increase_n of_o riches_n to_o the_o church_n there_o be_v also_o another_o way_n of_o give_v a_o very_a notable_a increase_n to_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o church_n or_o clergyman_n 122._o n._n 122._o the_o review_v well_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o tithe_n and_o where_o they_o be_v not_o pay_v to_o proceed_v with_o censure_n that_o there_o shall_v or_o ought_v be_v pay_v not_o only_o the_o predial_n of_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o mix_v tithe_n also_o which_o be_v the_o fruit_n of_o cattle_n riches_n review_v of_o tithe_n add_v more_o riches_n and_o likewise_o the_o tithe_n of_o personal_a industry_n and_o humane_a labour_n unto_o the_o tithe_n be_v the_o first_o fruit_n join_v also_o first-fruit_n first-fruit_n which_o be_v first_o institute_v by_o alexander_n the_o second_o herein_o imitate_v the_o moysaicall_a law_n which_o command_v that_o people_n to_o pay_v they_o the_o quantity_n of_o they_o be_v not_o establish_v by_o moses_n but_o leave_v to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o the_o offerer_n the_o rabiâ—s_v afterward_o as_o st._n hierome_n testify_v determine_v the_o quantity_n which_o be_v not_o more_o than_o the_o 60th_o nor_o less_o than_o the_o 40th_o which_o indece_v have_v be_v imitate_v by_o we_o in_o the_o most_o profitable_a manner_n have_v settle_v the_o 40th_o which_o in_o our_o time_n be_v call_v the_o quartese_fw-it alexander_n the_o three_o about_o the_o year_n 1170_o determine_v that_o they_o shall_v proceed_v with_o excommunication_n to_o cause_v the_o entire_a payment_n for_o the_o tithe_n of_o mill_n to_o be_v make_v 123._o n._n 123._o and_o of_o fish_v of_o fur_n of_o wool_n and_o of_o bee_n and_o that_o the_o tithe_n of_o every_o thing_n shall_v be_v pay_v before_o the_o charge_n make_v for_o the_o gather_n of_o the_o fruit_n shall_v be_v deduct_v and_o celestin_n the_o 3d_o in_o the_o year_n 1195_o establish_v that_o they_o shall_v proceed_v with_o excommunication_n to_o cause_v payment_n to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o tithe_n not_o only_o of_o the_o wine_n corn_n fruit_n of_o tree_n of_o garden_n of_o sheep_n of_o merchandise_n of_o soldier_n pay_v of_o hunt_v but_o also_o of_o windmill_n all_o these_o thing_n be_v express_v in_o the_o decretal_n of_o the_o romish_a pope_n but_o the_o canonist_n have_v go_v much_o further_a say_v that_o the_o poor_a be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v tithe_n for_o that_o be_v give_v they_o by_o alm_n in_o beg_v at_o door_n and_o that_o the_o harlot_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v tithe_n of_o their_o gain_n by_o whoredom_n and_o of_o such_o other_o thing_n which_o the_o world_n can_v not_o receive_v into_o use_n tithe_n be_v pay_v unto_o the_o curate_n for_o the_o service_n which_o they_o afford_v to_o the_o people_n in_o teach_v the_o word_n of_o god_n in_o administer_a the_o sacrament_n and_o in_o perform_v other_o ecclesiastical_a function_n so_o that_o for_o these_o ministery_n nothing_o be_v pay_v 124._o n._n 124._o some_o pious_a and_o rich_a person_n give_v if_o they_o please_v something_o for_o the_o bury_v of_o their_o dead_a or_o for_o receive_v the_o sacrament_n and_o the_o custom_n go_v so_o far_o that_o courtesy_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o due_a debt_n and_o the_o quantity_n how_o much_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v be_v also_o bring_v into_o a_o custom_n and_o come_v to_o controversy_n secular_a man_n refuse_v to_o pay_v any_o thing_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o sacrament_n because_o they_o pay_v tithe_n therefore_o and_o the_o clergyman_n deny_v to_o perform_v their_o function_n unless_o there_o be_v give_v they_o that_o which_o be_v customary_a about_o the_o year_n 1200_o innocent_a the_o 3d_o remedy_v this_o disorder_n by_o forbid_v the_o clergy_n indeed_o from_o contract_n for_o any_o thing_n for_o their_o administration_n and_o to_o refuse_v it_o to_o those_o who_o will_v not_o pay_v they_o and_o command_v they_o shall_v perform_v the_o function_n without_o more_o ado_n but_o after_o this_o be_v do_v by_o censure_n the_o secular_o be_v force_v to_o observe_v the_o laudable_a custom_n as_o the_o pope_n call_v it_o in_o pay_v that_o which_o be_v usual_a put_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o force_v beforehand_o by_o contract_n and_o force_v afterward_o by_o censure_n 125._o n._n 125._o approve_v this_o as_o lawful_a forbid_v the_o other_o as_o simoniacal_a another_o novelty_n be_v also_o introduce_v contrary_a to_o the_o old_a canon_n gain_n other_o way_n of_o gain_n which_o contribute_v much_o towards_o their_o gain_n it_o be_v prohibit_v by_o the_o canon_n to_o receive_v any_o thing_n by_o donation_n or_o by_o will_n from_o several_a sort_n of_o public_a sinner_n as_o from_o sacrilegious_a person_n from_o he_o who_o remain_v in_o discord_n with_o his_o own_o brother_n from_o harlot_n and_o other_o such_o person_n all_o these_o respect_n be_v quite_o lay_v aside_o and_o all_o indifferent_o receive_v especial_o the_o great_a and_o most_o frequent_a legacy_n and_o gift_n be_v from_o harlot_n and_o from_o person_n who_o through_o disgust_n with_o their_o relation_n leave_v or_o give_v to_o the_o church_n thus_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n use_v great_a diligence_n to_o help_v forward_o the_o purchase_n as_o well_o as_o to_o preserve_v the_o power_n of_o distribute_v what_o be_v purchase_v which_o as_o have_v be_v say_v be_v with_o so_o much_o labour_n and_o so_o much_o blood_n snatch_v or_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o prince_n 126._o n._n 126._o and_o reduce_v to_o the_o clergy_n to_o which_o all_o the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n for_o their_o own_o interest_n not_o only_o consent_v but_o help_v it_o by_o preach_v and_o by_o write_v always_o inculcate_v that_o it_o be_v a_o usurpation_n of_o the_o people_n and_o a_o tyranny_n of_o prince_n to_o have_v any_o share_n of_o meddle_v with_o the_o distribution_n of_o benefice_n and_o chief_o with_o the_o election_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o in_o our_o day_n one_o of_o the_o argument_n treat_v on_o by_o barentus_n throughout_o all_o

or_o waste_v and_o therefore_o can_v not_o maintain_v the_o bishop_n convenient_o the_o metropolitan_a with_o the_o bishop_n assemble_v in_o council_n give_v two_o or_o more_o to_o one_o bishop_n and_o these_o city_n be_v call_v unite_v as_o likewise_o on_o the_o contrary_a when_o the_o number_n of_o people_n increase_v and_o that_o one_o man_n only_o can_v not_o supply_v all_o one_o cure_n become_v divide_v into_o two_o yea_o unto_o these_o present_a time_n these_o method_n be_v commendable_o use_v which_o be_v for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n for_o spiritual_a benefit_n and_o for_o conveniency_n of_o the_o people_n but_o after_o they_o proceed_v to_o make_v union_n also_o for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o some_o pious_a place_n by_o which_o mean_v some_o benefice_n become_v unite_v to_o some_o bishopric_n or_o to_o some_o monastery_n or_o to_o some_o poor_a hospital_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o union_n the_o party_n beneficy_v seem_v indeed_o to_o have_v two_o benefice_n but_o in_o truth_n he_o have_v but_o one_o humane_a subtlety_n invent_v be_v willing_a to_o give_v two_o incompatible_a benefice_n to_o one_o person_n to_o unite_v the_o one_o unto_o the_o other_o during_o his_o life_n 148._o n._n 148._o so_o that_o give_v he_o the_o principal_a the_o unite_a be_v also_o give_v by_o consequence_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o save_v very_o well_o the_o law_n of_o have_v but_o one_o benefice_n in_o appearance_n but_o in_o the_o existence_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o observance_n of_o the_o word_n with_o transgression_n of_o the_o sense_n the_o jurisconsult_v call_v it_o the_o fraud_n of_o the_o law_n this_o serve_v also_o that_o they_o may_v give_v a_o cure_a benefice_n to_o a_o young_a striplin_n or_o boy_n or_o to_o any_o other_o illiterate_a person_n and_o without_o be_v oblige_v to_o receive_v sacred_a order_n by_o unite_n the_o cure_a benefice_n to_o a_o single_a one_o during_o life_n and_o confere_v the_o single_a one_o in_o title_n the_o beneficyary_n remain_v the_o curate_n patron_n also_o and_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n be_v very_o well_o observe_v but_o the_o power_n of_o unite_n benefice_n for_o life_n be_v never_o grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n for_o any_o cause_n whatever_o but_o reserve_v to_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n only_o some_o lawyer_n call_v it_o a_o union_n in_o the_o name_n but_o in_o fact_n it_o be_v a_o relaxation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o they_o hold_v it_o for_o damnable_a wherefore_o also_o in_o some_o kingdom_n it_o have_v be_v prohibit_v it_o be_v long_o use_v by_o the_o roman_a court_n 149._o n._n 149._o now_o it_o be_v no_o more_o in_o use_n no_o more_o than_o many_o other_o cantelous_a thing_n not_o to_o call_v they_o fraud_n like_o these_o which_o speak_v too_o legal_o for_o the_o cause_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v when_o we_o come_v to_o our_o time_n the_o commendum_fw-la have_v also_o a_o good_a ancient_a institution_n commendum_n commendum_n for_o when_o a_o elective_a benefice_n become_v vacant_a either_o bishopric_n abbey_n or_o else_o a_o live_n which_o be_v jus_fw-la patronatus_fw-la for_o which_o the_o ordinary_a out_o of_o some_o respect_n can_v not_o provide_v immediate_o the_o care_n whereof_o be_v recommend_v by_o the_o superior_a to_o some_o worthy_a person_n until_o provision_n shall_v be_v make_v nevertheless_o that_o person_n have_v not_o power_n to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o incom_n but_o only_o to_o govern_v they_o and_o for_o this_o a_o excellent_a man_n be_v choose_v who_o usual_o be_v a_o beneficed_a man_n to_o who_o the_o recommend_v cure_n be_v a_o burden_n with_o which_o he_o be_v to_o be_v content_v for_o the_o church_n service_n only_o this_o can_v not_o be_v call_v 150._o n._n 150._o have_v a_o benefice_n recommend_v unto_o he_o but_o very_o improper_o and_o therefore_o in_o reality_n he_o have_v not_o two_o benefice_n although_o to_o make_v no_o difficulty_n of_o speech_n there_o arise_v a_o maxim_n among_o the_o canonist_n that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v two_o benefice_n the_o one_o in_o title_n the_o other_o in_o commendum_fw-la which_o commendum_fw-la at_o first_o last_v but_o until_o provision_n be_v make_v afterward_o they_o commend_v for_o a_o good_a while_n which_o sometime_o be_v long_o enough_o wherefore_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n forbid_v the_o bishop_n from_o commend_v for_o above_o six_o month_n not_o make_v the_o rule_n for_o himself_o but_o by_o a_o court_n style_v the_o commendum_fw-la contract_v a_o little_a custom_n not_o altogether_o commendable_a which_o be_v that_o when_o the_o pope_n have_v a_o mind_n to_o give_v any_o man_n a_o benefice_n it_o can_v not_o be_v do_v either_o for_o want_v of_o age_n or_o because_o the_o benefice_n be_v monacal_a and_o the_o person_n secular_a or_o for_o some_o other_o respect_n he_o commend_v it_o to_o he_o so_o long_o that_o he_o may_v acquire_v the_o necessary_a quality_n for_o to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o it_o but_o final_o about_o the_o year_n 1350_o all_o respect_n be_v lay_v aside_o the_o pope_n hold_v the_o other_o bishop_n strict_o to_o the_o term_n of_o six_o month_n 151._o n._n 151._o they_o proceed_v to_o give_v the_o commendum_fw-la for_o life_n which_o if_o it_o be_v give_v to_o one_o who_o have_v in_o title_n another_o incompatible_a benefice_n he_o observe_v very_o well_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n that_o two_o benefice_n can_v be_v give_v but_o one_o in_o title_n and_o the_o other_o in_o commendum_fw-la but_o the_o sense_n be_v defraud_v because_o that_o which_o be_v commendatory_a for_o life_n as_o touch_v the_o profit_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o titular_a also_o give_v a_o benefice_n in_o commendum_fw-la to_o one_o who_o have_v not_o the_o quality_n require_v by_o the_o canon_n do_v not_o disagree_v with_o the_o word_n thereof_o but_o it_o be_v give_v to_o he_o in_o deed_n and_o not_o give_v to_o he_o in_o word_n the_o commendum_n of_o bishopric_n and_o other_o benefice_n be_v almost_o out_o of_o use_n in_o italy_n there_o remain_v some_o abbey_n for_o the_o cause_n which_o in_o our_o time_n shall_v be_v declare_v by_o the_o mean_n abovesaid_a the_o pope_n draw_v to_o themselves_o great_a share_n of_o the_o beneficial_a disposal_n in_o all_o the_o christian_a kingdom_n of_o the_o west_n but_o in_o the_o eastern_a church_n he_o be_v never_o suffer_v to_o dispose_v of_o a_o atom_n not_o only_o in_o the_o last_o age_n of_o that_o empire_n when_o the_o greek_n be_v total_o divide_v 152._o n._n 152._o but_o likewise_o in_o the_o first_o age_n also_o when_o they_o be_v unite_v into_o a_o body_n except_o that_o in_o syria_n and_o in_o greece_n in_o the_o time_n and_o in_o the_o place_n which_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o french_a and_o of_o the_o venetian_n but_o the_o pope_n letter_n which_o dispose_v of_o benefice_n in_o manner_n abovesaid_a although_o they_o be_v indeed_o for_o the_o most_o part_n obey_v yet_o nevertheless_o not_o without_o some_o complaint_n and_o murmur_a put_v it_o often_o to_o dispute_v whether_o the_o pope_n can_v do_v this_o or_o that_o in_o italy_n none_o oppose_v the_o pope_n unless_o some_o pious_a man_n for_o respect_n of_o conscience_n and_o for_o the_o service_n of_o god_n it_o be_v beside_o profitable_a to_o the_o italian_n for_o such_o be_v the_o roman_a courtier_n who_o by_o mean_n of_o the_o pope_n ample_a authority_n receive_v incom_n from_o beyond_o the_o alps._n in_o spain_n the_o prudence_n of_o that_o nation_n in_o their_o practice_n delude_v the_o art_n of_o the_o court._n in_o england_n as_o in_o a_o region_n where_o the_o benefice_n be_v many_o and_o rich_a the_o roman_a courtier_n make_v great_a gain_n wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1232_o a_o league_n be_v make_v in_o that_o kingdom_n 153._o n._n 153._o between_o the_o english_a clergyman_n and_o the_o soldier_n against_o the_o roman_a clergyman_n benefice_v in_o that_o island_n who_o be_v spoil_v of_o their_o good_n and_o incom_n the_o pope_n command_v the_o king_n under_o pain_n of_o excommunication_n that_o he_o shall_v chastise_v or_o punish_v and_o persecute_v they_o with_o temporal_a arm_n and_o that_o the_o prelate_n shall_v excommunicate_v they_o but_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o numerous_a that_o the_o king_n dare_v not_o meddle_v with_o they_o neither_o do_v the_o prelate_n dare_v to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o spiritual_a weapon_n the_o affair_n remain_v quiet_a for_o a_o few_o year_n whereupon_o pope_n innocent_a the_o four_o a_o genoÃ©se_n take_v fresh_a courage_n and_o send_v one_o martin_n his_o kinsman_n by_o who_o mean_n he_o renew_v the_o fashion_n of_o the_o court_n upon_o which_o the_o english_a have_v recourse_n to_o the_o king_n complain_v that_o the_o italian_n get_v possession_n of_o all_o benefice_n the_o king_n banish_v martin_n from_o the_o kingdom_n and_o cause_v a_o account_n to_o be_v make_v of_o how_o much_o the_o pope_n

draw_v out_o of_o england_n he_o find_v it_o to_o be_v equal_a to_o his_o own_o revenue_n which_o be_v sixty_o thousand_o mark_n the_o king_n propose_v some_o of_o these_o difference_n to_o the_o council_n at_o lion_n make_v complaint_n of_o the_o abovesaid_a grievance_n whereto_o the_o pope_n answer_v the_o council_n be_v not_o assemble_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o that_o it_o be_v no_o time_n to_o harken_v to_o it_o in_o the_o say_a city_n of_o lion_n during_o the_o time_n of_o the_o council_n 154._o n._n 154._o the_o pope_n will_v have_v give_v to_o his_o kinsman_n some_o prebendary_n of_o those_o church_n upon_o which_o there_o be_v a_o great_a commotion_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o pope_n have_v notice_n give_v he_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v throw_v into_o the_o rhone_n wherefore_o the_o pope_n send_v they_o away_o private_o rhodano_n rhodano_n for_o all_o this_o the_o court_n leave_v not_o off_o its_o design_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1253_o the_o same_o pope_n command_v robert_n bishop_n of_o lincoln_n a_o man_n in_o those_o time_n famous_a in_o doctrine_n and_o in_o goodness_n that_o he_o shall_v confer_v a_o certain_a benefice_n upon_o the_o genoÃ©se_n against_o the_o canon_n which_o appear_v inconvenient_a and_o unjust_a to_o the_o bishop_n he_o answer_v the_o pope_n that_o he_o honour_a apostolical_a command_v conformable_a to_o apostolical_a doctrine_n wherefore_o that_o non_fw-la obstantibus_fw-la be_v a_o deluge_n of_o inconstancy_n a_o breach_n of_o faith_n a_o disturbance_n of_o the_o quietness_n of_o christendom_n that_o it_o be_v a_o grievous_a sin_n to_o defraud_v the_o sheep_n of_o their_o pasture_n that_o the_o apostolical_a see_v have_v all_o power_n to_o edification_n none_o to_o destroy_v 155._o n._n 155._o this_o answer_v receive_v the_o pope_n grow_v wrath_n exceed_o but_o cardinal_n egidius_n a_o spaniard_n be_v a_o prudent_a man_n endeavour_v to_o mitigate_v he_o represent_v to_o he_o that_o to_o proceed_v against_o a_o man_n of_o such_o reputation_n for_o a_o cause_n so_o abhor_v by_o the_o world_n can_v not_o bring_v forth_o a_o good_a effect_n but_o whilst_o the_o pope_n study_v to_o show_v his_o resentment_n robert_n fall_v sick_a and_o to_o the_o end_n of_o his_o life_n hold_v the_o same_o reason_n and_o die_v with_o a_o opinion_n of_o holiness_n and_o it_o be_v fame_v that_o he_o wrought_v miracle_n the_o pope_n hear_v of_o his_o death_n cause_v a_o process_n to_o be_v form_v for_o the_o king_n to_o dis-int_a the_o dead_a man_n corpse_n but_o the_o night_n follow_v in_o a_o vision_n or_o in_o a_o dream_n he_o have_v robert_n in_o pontifical_a robe_n who_o rebuke_v he_o for_o persecute_v his_o memory_n and_o smite_v he_o on_o the_o flank_n with_o the_o butt-end_n of_o his_o crosier-staff_n the_o pope_n awake_v with_o a_o excessive_a pain_n in_o that_o place_n which_o afflict_v he_o unto_o his_o death_n that_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a time_n after_o in_o the_o year_n 1258_o alexander_n the_o four_o excommunicate_v the_o archbishop_n of_o york_n for_o the_o like_a cause_n who_o persevere_v in_o his_o deliberation_n 156._o n._n 156._o endure_v the_o persecution_n with_o much_o patience_n and_o draw_v near_o to_o his_o death_n write_v a_o very_a prudent_a letter_n to_o the_o pape_n exhort_v he_o to_o imitate_v his_o holy_a predecessor_n and_o to_o take_v away_o the_o damageable_a novelty_n from_o the_o church_n and_o from_o his_o own_o soul_n he_o die_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o a_o saint_n and_o a_o martyr_n in_o these_o time_n it_o be_v likewise_o necessary_a in_o france_n to_o make_v a_o provision_n which_o i_o shall_v relate_v after_o have_v give_v notice_n that_o for_o these_o and_o for_o other_o impediment_n which_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o bishop_n oppose_v against_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o court_n which_o never_o think_v of_o give_v over_o for_o clement_n the_o four_o in_o the_o year_n 1266_o resolve_v to_o lay_v the_o foundation_n whereby_o he_o or_o his_o successor_n may_v declare_v themselves_o to_o be_v absolute_a patron_n in_o all_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n throughout_o the_o world_n and_o remove_v the_o necessity_n of_o find_v out_o way_n and_o art_n to_o draw_v the_o collation_n unto_o rome_n and_o make_v a_o bull_n which_o conclude_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o vacanti_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la say_v that_o the_o collation_n of_o they_o by_o a_o ancient_a custom_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o therefore_o he_o approve_v of_o this_o custom_n and_o will_v it_o to_o be_v observe_v 157._o n._n 157._o but_o to_o conclude_v this_o alone_a so_o much_o a_o hyppothetical_a premium_fw-la can_v do_v in_o say_v that_o although_o the_o plenary_a disposal_n of_o all_o benefice_n hippotetico_n premio_fw-la hippotetico_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n so_o that_o he_o may_v not_o only_o confer_v they_o when_o they_o become_v vacant_a but_o he_o may_v also_o before_o vacancy_n grant_v a_o right_n for_o the_o acquire_v of_o they_o nevertheless_o the_o ancient_a custom_n have_v more_o especial_o reserve_v the_o vacanti_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la wherefore_o we_o approve_v of_o that_o custom_n if_o the_o pope_n have_v make_v a_o conclude_a edict_n that_o the_o disposal_n of_o all_o benefice_n belong_v to_o he_o the_o world_n will_v have_v stir_v in_o it_o and_o as_o well_o the_o clergyman_n as_o prince_n and_o other_o lay-patron_n will_v have_v declare_v their_o reason_n but_o this_o proposition_n be_v put_v into_o a_o conditional_a without_o a_o conclusion_n go_v on_o easy_o without_o any_o notice_n take_v of_o how_o much_o it_o may_v import_n but_o two_o year_n after_o that_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 1268_o without_o have_v any_o respect_n unto_o this_o bull_n 158._o n._n 158._o st._n lewis_n king_n of_o france_n see_v that_o the_o provision_n make_v by_o the_o queen_n regent_n his_o mother_n during_o his_o minority_n and_o during_o his_o absence_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o remove_v the_o confusion_n introduce_v in_o the_o matter_n of_o benefice_n sanction_n pragmatic_n sanction_n make_v his_o famous_a pragmatic_n wherein_o he_o command_v that_o cathedral_n church_n shall_v have_v their_o election_n free_a and_o the_o monastery_n likewise_o that_o all_o other_o benefice_n shall_v be_v give_v according_a to_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o law_n and_o that_o no_o imposition_n of_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n can_v be_v levy_v upon_o benefice_n without_o his_o consent_n and_o the_o church_n of_o his_o kingdom_n this_o holy_a king_n go_v into_o africa_n against_o the_o moor_n and_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1270_o and_o the_o need_v the_o house_n of_o anjou_n have_v of_o the_o pope_n favour_n to_o settle_v his_o kingdom_n in_o naples_n and_o to_o recover_v that_o of_o sicily_n and_o the_o power_n which_o the_o pope_n grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o impose_v tithe_n under_o pretext_n of_o the_o war_n of_o the_o holy_a land_n be_v cause_n that_o the_o french_a easy_o permit_v the_o court_n of_o rome_n to_o regain_v the_o same_o authority_n 159._o n._n 159._o whereupon_o in_o the_o year_n 1398_o boniface_n the_o 8_o place_v the_o constitution_n of_o clement_n in_o the_o decretal_n and_o make_v that_o that_o which_o be_v say_v hyppothetical_o and_o incidental_o become_v the_o principal_a and_o to_o give_v it_o the_o great_a authority_n he_o expose_v under_o the_o name_n of_o clement_n leave_v it_o dubious_a whether_o it_o be_v the_o four_o or_o the_o 3d._n therefore_o now_o in_o some_o copy_n it_o be_v read_v the_o 3d_o in_o other_o the_o four_o for_o which_o cause_n this_o proposition_n be_v give_v to_o be_v believe_v at_o first_o i._n e._n that_o the_o plenary_a disposal_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n which_o be_v pretend_v to_o be_v mean_v in_o a_o sense_n not_o altogether_o pervert_v which_o be_v that_o the_o pope_n shall_v have_v full_a power_n but_o yet_o regulate_v by_o the_o law_n and_o by_o reason_n a_o little_a after_o clement_n the_o 5_o make_v void_a all_o good_a understanding_n by_o say_v that_o the_o pope_n have_v not_o only_o full_a power_n but_o also_o free_a over_o all_o benefice_n which_o freedom_n be_v understand_v by_o the_o canonist_n exempt_a from_o all_o law_n and_o reason_n so_o that_o he_o may_v do_v all_o that_o he_o please_v notwithstanding_o the_o reason_n or_o the_o interest_n of_o whatsoever_o church_n or_o of_o particular_a person_n yea_o even_o of_o a_o lay-patron_n this_o proposition_n be_v put_v into_o the_o bull_n upon_o every_o occasion_n 160._o n._n 160._o and_o there_o be_v no_o canonist_n but_o pass_v it_o for_o clear_a yea_o for_o a_o article_n of_o faith_n say_v that_o the_o pope_n in_o the_o collation_n of_o any_o benefice_n whatever_o may_v concur_v with_o the_o ordinary_a and_o also_o prevent_v it_o and_o if_o it_o so_o please_v he_o he_o may_v

also_o give_v authority_n to_o who_o he_o think_v fit_a enable_v he_o in_o like_a manner_n to_o concur_v with_o the_o ordinary_a or_o to_o prevent_v it_o as_o they_o have_v since_o give_v this_o faculty_n unto_o legate_n with_o a_o general_a constitution_n there_o be_v nothing_o more_o wonder-worthy_a in_o the_o consideration_n of_o benefice_n faithful_a election_n of_o minister_n belong_v to_o the_o faithful_a than_o it_o be_v as_o clear_a as_o the_o light_n at_o noon_n day_n that_o the_o election_n of_o minister_n be_v at_o first_o by_o the_o faithful_a people_n than_o it_o pass_v unto_o the_o prince_n after_o the_o christian_a faith_n be_v receive_v they_o mind_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n and_o final_o it_o be_v reduce_v unto_o the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n only_o 161._o n._n 161._o the_o secular_o be_v exclude_v by_o the_o management_n of_o gregory_n the_o seven_o and_o his_o successor_n yet_o there_o still_o remain_v in_o each_o diocese_n the_o election_n and_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n and_o of_o their_o office_n which_o since_o by_o little_a and_o little_a the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v assume_v to_o themselves_o by_o the_o way_n abovesaid_a and_o to_o be_v say_v hereafter_o nevertheless_o the_o canonist_n either_o out_o of_o animosity_n or_o because_o it_o be_v not_o their_o profession_n to_o know_v any_o thing_n beside_o the_o decretal_n have_v say_v and_o do_v say_v in_o our_o day_n without_o respect_n unto_o the_o notorious_a truth_n which_o be_v against_o it_o that_o heretofore_o the_o pope_n provide_v all_o bishopric_n and_o other_o benefice_n and_o that_o he_o afterward_o out_o of_o favour_n grant_v the_o election_n to_o the_o chapter_n and_o the_o collation_n unto_o the_o bishop_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o one_o day_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o article_n of_o our_o faith_n for_o make_v a_o doctrine_n to_o pass_v into_o the_o church_n which_o be_v so_o direct_o contrary_a to_o what_o they_o cause_v to_o be_v preach_v in_o former_a time_n when_o anselmus_fw-la bishop_n of_o lucca_n who_o write_v three_o book_n against_o gilbert_n the_o antipope_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o say_v gregory_n the_o seven_o which_o be_v still_o to_o be_v find_v throughout_o all_o the_o second_o of_o which_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n 162._o n._n 162._o of_o the_o holy_a father_n of_o general_a counsel_n by_o the_o custom_n observe_v from_o the_o apostle_n time_n unto_o he_o who_o write_v in_o the_o year_n 1080_o prove_v that_o the_o election_n of_o bishop_n by_o he_o call_v pope_n belong_v to_o the_o clergy_n and_o to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o same_o diocese_n and_o that_o the_o most_o pious_a emperor_n constantine_n constant_n valentinianus_n theodosius_n honorius_n carolus_n ludovicus_n and_o other_o excellent_a man_n for_o faith_n and_o in_o religion_n never_o violate_v such_o a_o custom_n observe_v in_o the_o holy_a church_n from_o the_o apostle_n time_n and_o a_o constitution_n of_o carolus_n and_o ludovicus_n pius_n be_v bear_v or_o contain_v in_o the_o chapitolar_n that_o bishop_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o clergy_n and_o by_o the_o people_n of_o their_o own_o diocese_n according_a to_o the_o canon_n say_v that_o this_o constitution_n be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o that_o of_o the_o holy_a father_n and_o no_o less_o than_o if_o by_o the_o nicene_n council_n or_o by_o any_o other_o general_n synod_n it_o have_v be_v promulgate_v by_o the_o holy-ghost_n through_o the_o mouth_n of_o those_o emperor_n where_o it_o be_v see_v that_o to_o take_v the_o election_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o prince_n they_o hold_v for_o a_o tradition_n that_o the_o contrary_a of_o which_o they_o be_v willing_a now_o adays_o shall_v be_v write_v by_o the_o canonist_n 163._o n._n 163._o and_o believe_v by_o we_o so_o that_o of_o necessity_n the_o canonist_n must_v err_v or_o else_o the_o allegation_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o lucca_n have_v err_v and_o if_o the_o ordination_n of_o bishop_n in_o their_o diocese_n after_o the_o manner_n aforesaid_a be_v the_o liberty_n of_o each_o one_o of_o the_o church_n as_o the_o father_n and_o the_o counsel_n teach_v and_o grant_v they_o by_o our_o lord_n jesus_n christ_n let_v not_o those_o talk_n so_o disorderly_a who_o say_v the_o court_n have_v put_v all_o the_o church_n in_o bondage_n under_o pretext_n of_o defend_v they_o their_o liberty_n seek_v this_o time_n that_o have_v speak_v in_o divers_a occasion_n of_o different_a way_n of_o gain_v estate_n to_o the_o church_n i_o touch_v the_o manner_n of_o preserve_v they_o which_o be_v by_o prohibit_v all_o manner_n of_o alienation_n alienation_n alienation_n a_o thing_n diametrical_o contrary_a to_o that_o which_o the_o primitive_a church_n observe_v wherefore_o if_o when_o it_o be_v lawful_a by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o prince_n for_o the_o church_n to_o purchase_v estate_n in_o land_n 164._o n._n 164._o they_o may_v retain_v those_o which_o be_v give_v or_o bequeath_v it_o be_v therefore_o in_o the_o bishop_n liberty_n not_o only_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o income_n but_o also_o to_o sell_v the_o very_a estate_n to_o discharge_v the_o necessary_a expense_n in_o maintain_v the_o minister_n and_o the_o poor_a as_o also_o to_o give_v or_o bestow_v according_a to_o exigency_n and_o the_o authority_n of_o dispensator_fw-la grant_v to_o the_o bishop_n do_v not_o extend_v to_o the_o fruit_n only_o as_o at_o present_a but_o also_o unto_o the_o estate_n itself_o and_o to_o other_o chapter_n which_o at_o first_o be_v administer_v with_o sincerity_n so_o that_o there_o arise_v no_o inconveniency_n thereby_o and_o last_v a_o long_a time_n in_o poor_a church_n where_o the_o estate_n be_v but_o small_a and_o the_o bishop_n of_o no_o great_a authority_n there_o be_v no_o matter_n or_o cause_n of_o transgression_n but_o in_o rich_a church_n and_o great_a one_o where_o the_o reputation_n embolden_v the_o bishop_n to_o attempt_v that_o which_o will_v not_o have_v be_v permit_v unto_o all_o and_o abundance_n give_v matter_n of_o be_v able_a to_o make_v use_n of_o some_o part_n arbitrary_o the_o bishop_n begin_v to_o exceed_v the_o bound_n of_o modesty_n from_o dispense_v they_o come_v to_o dissipate_v against_o which_o it_o be_v requisite_a to_o provide_v neither_o the_o provision_n proceed_v not_o from_o the_o clergyman_n but_o from_o secular_a man_n to_o who_o prejudice_n it_o be_v 165._o n._n 165._o for_o the_o public_a estate_n of_o the_o church_n be_v lessen_v the_o clergy_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o take_v their_o live_n who_o be_v the_o first_o but_o the_o poor_a who_o remain_v to_o the_o last_o in_o the_o most_o principal_a church_n which_o be_v rome_n and_o constantinople_n the_o provision_n be_v also_o first_o necessary_a wherefore_o leo_n the_o emperor_n by_o a_o law_n of_o he_o anno._n 470_o prohibit_v the_o church_n of_o constantinople_n from_o every_o alienation_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 483_o basilius_n cecina_n praefect_n we_o praetorius_n of_o king_n odoacre_n in_o rome_n the_o see_v of_o simplicius_n be_v vacant_a by_o a_o decree_n make_v in_o the_o church_n ordain_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n shall_v not_o be_v alienate_v which_o be_v not_o find_v strange_a by_o three_o succeed_v pope_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 502_o odoacre_n be_v extinct_a and_o all_o his_o power_n simmacus_fw-la the_o pope_n assemble_v a_o council_n of_o all_o italy_n wherein_o he_o propose_v as_o a_o great_a absurdity_n that_o a_o layman_n shall_v have_v make_v constitution_n in_o the_o church_n 166._o n._n 166._o and_o by_o consent_n of_o the_o council_n declare_v they_o null_a but_o lest_o it_o shall_v appear_v that_o this_o will_v tend_v to_o disorder_v a_o decree_n be_v make_v in_o the_o council_n that_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n and_o the_o other_o minister_n of_o that_o church_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o alienate_v specify_v that_o the_o decree_n shall_v not_o oblige_v other_o church_n but_o the_o roman_a only_o the_o follow_a time_n show_v there_o be_v need_n of_o the_o same_o law_n in_o all_o the_o church_n wherefore_o anastasius_n extend_v leo_n law_n to_o all_o the_o church_n subject_n to_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n to_o all_o which_o he_o prohibit_v the_o power_n of_o alienate_v but_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 535_o make_v a_o constitution_n general_n for_o all_o the_o eastern_a western_a and_o african_a church_n and_o also_o for_o all_o pious_a place_n prohibit_v the_o power_n of_o alienate_v except_v only_o to_o feed_v the_o poor_a in_o case_n of_o extraordinary_a famine_n and_o to_o release_v prisoner_n in_o which_o case_n alienation_n be_v grant_v conformable_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n 167._o n._n 167._o of_o which_o st._n ambrose_n make_v mention_v that_o not_o only_a possession_n but_o also_o the_o vessel_n be_v sell_v for_o such_o cause_n justinian_n law_n in_o the_o west_n

be_v observe_v in_o follow_v time_n until_o that_o rome_n remain_v under_o the_o eastern_a empire_n and_o there_o be_v many_o epistle_n of_o st._n gregory_n which_o make_v mention_v of_o estate_n alienate_v for_o the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n but_o from_o the_o time_n of_o pelagius_n the_o second_o unto_o adrian_n the_o one_a for_o 200_o year_n the_o expense_n be_v incredible_a which_o the_o roman_a church_n make_v for_o to_o recompense_v itself_o on_o the_o lumbards_n as_o well_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o raise_v the_o sieges_n as_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o molest_v the_o country_n and_o st._n gregory_n give_v good_a testimony_n of_o it_o in_o his_o time_n the_o doctrine_n which_o run_v at_o present_a be_v not_o then_o in_o credit_n that_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n be_v exempt_a from_o common_a necessity_n but_o quite_o contrary_a those_o be_v the_o first_o that_o be_v to_o be_v expend_v before_o they_o come_v to_o lay_v contribution_n upon_o private_a house_n much_o less_o do_v it_o ever_o come_v into_o thought_n of_o put_v into_o controversy_n the_o authority_n of_o prince_n about_o make_v law_n because_o beside_o the_o perpetual_a observance_n 168._o n._n 168._o there_o be_v the_o solid_a foundation_n that_o these_o be_v the_o church_n good_n that_o be_v belong_v to_o the_o common_a and_o to_o the_o congregation_n of_o the_o faithful_a so_o that_o it_o concern_v the_o proper_a office_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o procure_v the_o conservation_n of_o they_o afterward_o when_o the_o empire_n be_v establish_v on_o charlemagne_n the_o roman_a law_n remain_v without_o authority_n the_o abuse_n return_v whereupon_o divers_a prohibition_n be_v make_v by_o divers_a counsel_n prohibition_n prohibition_n chief_o in_o france_n where_o the_o dissipation_n be_v great_a but_o after_o that_o the_o roman_a pope_n have_v assume_v the_o great_a share_n of_o the_o government_n of_o other_o church_n see_v that_o a_o general_n prohibition_n wrought_v but_o little_a effect_n the_o prelate_n want_v no_o pretext_n to_o except_v every_o particular_a case_n from_o the_o common_a law_n they_o make_v divers_a ordinance_n from_o the_o year_n 1000_o unto_o the_o year_n 1250_o prescribe_v certain_a little_a form_n of_o solemnity_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o bridle_n and_o for_o a_o impediment_n but_o in_o this_o time_n whereof_o we_o speak_v innocent_a the_o four_o begin_v to_o declare_v null_a the_o alienation_n make_v without_o those_o condition_n 169._o n._n 169._o and_o gregory_n the_o 10_o in_o the_o council_n at_o lion_n anno._n 1274_o ordain_v they_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o alienate_v without_o leave_n from_o the_o pope_n beside_o the_o solemnity_n abovesaid_a also_o which_o have_v be_v observe_v and_o be_v still_o observe_v unto_o our_o day_n never_o grant_v any_o alienation_n but_o upon_o evident_a utility_n which_o have_v not_o want_v for_o those_o who_o have_v note_v it_o for_o a_o express_a iniquity_n see_v that_o in_o contract_n never_o any_o man_n seek_v for_o other_o than_o for_o equality_n and_o more_o can_v be_v but_o with_o detriment_n to_o another_o special_o the_o canonist_n to_o specify_v what_o thing_n this_o utility_n ought_v to_o be_v which_o the_o church_n ought_v to_o receive_v in_o alienation_n some_o say_v it_o ought_v to_o be_v the_o four_o part_n other_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o value_n so_o that_o they_o quite_o leave_v off_o sell_v to_o feed_v the_o poor_a in_o time_n of_o extraordinary_a famine_n or_o to_o redeem_v captive_n it_o be_v interpret_v to_o be_v a_o damage_n and_o not_o a_o utility_n to_o the_o church_n thus_o thing_n be_v turn_v about_o that_o which_o heretofore_o be_v a_o work_n of_o a_o high_a perfection_n in_o christian_n as_o sell_v and_o give_v to_o the_o poor_a 170._o n._n 170._o will_v now_o be_v subject_a to_o grievous_a censure_n but_o perfection_n be_v in_o retain_v ecclesiastical_a estate_n which_o much_o less_o can_v be_v exchange_v without_o evident_a utility_n prohibition_n abuse_v of_o prohibition_n and_o the_o prohibition_n for_o alienate_v which_o be_v make_v against_o the_o clergyman_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o laity_n be_v turn_v about_o against_o the_o laity_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o clergy_n but_o return_v to_o the_o declaration_n of_o clement_n the_o four_o and_o 5_o and_o to_o the_o common_a doctrine_n that_o the_o pope_n may_v concur_v and_o prevent_v every_o collator_n of_o benefice_n this_o be_v of_o no_o great_a profit_n save_v in_o the_o vacant_a benefice_n of_o the_o neighbour_a place_n to_o the_o court_n so_o that_o the_o vacancy_n may_v be_v speedy_o know_v there_o for_o as_o touch_v those_o at_o a_o distance_n his_o be_v able_a to_o concur_v or_o to_o prevent_v be_v of_o little_a use_n because_o before_o it_o can_v be_v know_v at_o court_n the_o provision_n be_v make_v by_o the_o ordinary_a and_o have_v issue_v the_o effect_n or_o cast_v lot_n wherefore_o it_o be_v invent_v that_o which_o become_v a_o total_a mutation_n in_o the_o matter_n of_o benefice_n and_o destroy_v total_o the_o ancient_a institution_n of_o all_o the_o catholic_n church_n reservation_n reservation_n this_o be_v the_o reservation_n which_o be_v a_o decree_n whereby_o the_o pope_n declare_v before_o a_o benefice_n become_v vacant_a that_o when_o it_o shall_v be_v vacant_a no_o man_n shall_v confer_v it_o 171._o n._n 171._o and_o the_o collation_n which_o any_o one_o shall_v make_v be_v to_o be_v of_o none_o effect_v and_o because_o this_o be_v a_o odious_a matter_n as_o the_o gloss_n say_v well_o to_o make_v it_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o world_n and_o swallow_v down_o sweet_o it_o be_v in_o its_o beginning_n use_v spare_o by_o reason_n the_o absolute_a reservation_n seem_v too_o hard_o which_o clement_n the_o four_o have_v make_v of_o the_o vacanti_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la whereupon_o gregory_n the_o 10_o restrain_v it_o to_o a_o month_n only_o permit_v the_o ordinary_a provision_n may_v be_v make_v after_o that_o clement_n the_o 5_o add_v thereunto_o the_o reservation_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n and_o of_o st._n cros_n monastery_n in_o bourdeaux_n for_o once_o pope_n john_n the_o 22d_o his_o successor_n stretch_v the_o step_v a_o little_a further_o and_o make_v a_o constitution_n to_o reform_v the_o plurality_n of_o benefice_n prohibit_v the_o keep_n of_o more_o than_o one_o curate_n and_o another_o without_o a_o cure_n with_o dispensation_n except_v the_o cardinal_n command_v that_o he_o who_o have_v more_o shall_v resign_v they_o 172._o n._n 172._o and_o for_o the_o future_a that_o he_o who_o have_v one_o cure_a benefice_n and_o shall_v receive_v another_o be_v to_o resign_v up_o the_o first_o and_o those_o which_o be_v resign_v shall_v be_v reserve_v to_o his_o disposal_n the_o bull_n for_o the_o apparent_a end_n of_o take_v away_o the_o plurality_n of_o benefice_n be_v a_o specious_a reservation_n though_o it_o have_v no_o other_o end_n than_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o court_n pass_v away_o as_o a_o thing_n accessary_a and_o which_o seem_v at_o first_o sight_n without_o burden_n because_o as_o yet_o the_o end_n whereto_o it_o tend_v be_v not_o discover_v here_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o make_v a_o little_a halt_n because_o this_o pope_n give_v many_o example_n unto_o his_o successor_n for_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n which_o serve_v to_o heap_v up_o treasure_n he_o divide_v many_o bishopric_n and_o when_o a_o rich_a benefice_n become_v vacant_a he_o be_v wont_a to_o give_v it_o to_o a_o man_n who_o already_o have_v another_o somewhat_o inferior_a to_o it_o give_v that_o which_o be_v vacant_a to_o another_o prevail_v so_o far_o in_o this_o manner_n that_o sometime_o for_o one_o vacant_a he_o make_v six_o provision_n or_o promotion_n by_o transfer_v always_o from_o one_o less_o rich_a 173._o n._n 173._o to_o another_o more_o rich_a and_o by_o provide_v the_o least_o or_o poor_a with_o a_o new_a beneficiated_n so_o that_o all_o be_v content_v and_o all_o pay_v annatae_fw-la annatae_fw-la he_o invent_v also_o the_o annatae_fw-la or_o first_o fruit_n a_o burden_n upon_o benefice_n never_o hear_v of_o before_o he_o and_o which_o for_o sometime_o create_v very_o great_a scandal_n when_o emperor_n or_o king_n confer_v any_o benefice_n if_o those_o who_o aspire_v to_o they_o make_v any_o donative_n or_o else_o contract_v with_o the_o prince_n or_o with_o his_o minister_n to_o give_v any_o share_n of_o the_o fruit_n and_o income_n of_o the_o benefice_n for_o to_o obtain_v they_o this_o be_v then_o most_o sharp_o rebuke_v by_o the_o pope_n who_o call_v it_o a_o unlawful_a thing_n allege_v the_o gospel_n gratis_o accepistis_fw-la gratis_o date_n and_o call_v the_o receipt_n of_o gift_n or_o of_o a_o part_n of_o the_o fruit_n a_o sale_n of_o spiritual_a thing_n and_o a_o contract_n by_o simony_n some_o proceed_n to_o call_v it_o heresy_n though_o some_o be_v not_o want_v in_o those_o time_n to_o give_v their_o opinion_n and_o say_v that_o

that_o his_o predecessor_n have_v enrich_v the_o church_n which_o by_o the_o provision_n and_o imposition_n of_o rome_n be_v possess_v by_o stranger_n and_o unworthy_a man_n contrary_a to_o the_o mind_n and_o intention_n of_o the_o testator_n whereby_o the_o kingdom_n also_o become_v weaken_v that_o the_o pope_n ought_v to_o feed_v and_o not_o shear_v the_o sheep_n that_o heretofore_o the_o king_n give_v the_o benefice_n that_o they_o have_v grant_v the_o election_n unto_o the_o clergy_n upon_o the_o pope_n petition_n and_o now_o the_o pope_n will_v take_v away_o the_o election_n introduce_v by_o they_o 181._o n._n 181._o and_o usurp_v it_o to_o themselves_o wherefore_o it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o return_v to_o the_o first_o institution_n that_o benefice_n be_v to_o be_v confer_v by_o prince_n this_o contention_n which_o last_v while_o the_o pope_n be_v live_v be_v occasion_n that_o innocent_a the_o 6_o successor_n to_o clement_n revoke_v all_o his_o reservation_n by_o a_o constitution_n of_o he_o which_o begin_v pastoralis_fw-la the_o same_o at_o present_a be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v but_o many_o famous_a canonist_n make_v mention_n of_o it_o the_o like_a have_v happen_v to_o many_o other_o whereby_o the_o abuse_n and_o the_o usurpation_n will_v be_v make_v manifest_a as_o in_o like_a manner_n all_o thing_n be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o gloss_n which_o favour_v not_o the_o court_n but_o the_o expurgatory_n index_n make_a with_o the_o doctor_n show_v worse_o beside_o the_o fit_v they_o for_o his_o interest_n or_o purpose_n before_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o the_o press_n but_o few_o year_n after_o they_o be_v restore_v again_o wherefore_o edward_n an._n 1373_o send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o gregory_n the_o 11_o at_o avignon_n make_v instance_n that_o the_o reservation_n shall_v be_v quite_o annul_v the_o business_n be_v take_v in_o hand_n 182._o n._n 182._o which_o last_v two_o year_n at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1375_o the_o pope_n annul_v they_o total_o but_o he_o be_v dead_a the_o beginning_n of_o the_o great_a schism_n happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1378_o by_o which_o there_o be_v two_o pope_n there_o be_v also_o two_o roman_a court_n and_o the_o expense_n or_o charge_n be_v duplicate_v and_o those_o also_o be_v much_o great_a than_o ordinary_a through_o the_o necessity_n of_o spend_v which_o the_o pope_n have_v for_o the_o persecute_v of_o one_o another_o and_o for_o the_o defend_n themselves_o against_o one_o another_o whereby_o each_o of_o they_o set_v on_o foot_n all_o the_o way_n imaginable_a for_o the_o raise_n of_o money_n and_o simony_n be_v most_o manifest_a in_o each_o of_o the_o court_n benefice_n be_v free_o sell_v and_o they_o take_v all_o they_o can_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o ordinary_n the_o roman_a court_n have_v not_o open_o discover_v itself_o until_o this_o time_n for_o they_o aim_v at_o nothing_o else_o but_o at_o money_n of_o all_o their_o undertake_n the_o cause_n be_v render_v with_o some_o appearance_n or_o show_v of_o provide_v better_a for_o the_o church_n than_o the_o ordinary_n do_v or_o else_o of_o provide_v some_o deserve_a person_n with_o a_o benefice_n but_o vrban_n the_o 6_o declare_v himself_o why_o it_o be_v introduce_v into_o benefice_n with_o ordain_v 183._o n._n 183._o that_o the_o impetration_n shall_v be_v invalid_n if_o mention_n be_v not_o make_v of_o the_o value_n of_o the_o benefice_n heretofore_o the_o benefice_n be_v chief_o give_v for_o spiritual_a thing_n the_o temporal_n become_v accessory_n then_o of_o the_o spiritual_n there_o be_v no_o mention_n make_v the_o charge_n or_o office_n be_v not_o consider_v but_o the_o emolument_fw-fr the_o same_o institution_n last_v also_o unto_o our_o day_n and_o authority_n be_v give_v to_o nuncio_n to_o confer_v some_o of_o the_o lesser_a benefice_n by_o the_o value_n of_o the_o income_n it_o be_v determine_v which_o be_v the_o great_a and_o which_o be_v the_o little_a one_o and_o in_o the_o reservation_n of_o monastery_n there_o be_v no_o care_n of_o the_o spiritual_a those_o be_v reserve_v which_o exceed_v the_o value_n of_o 200_o crown_n and_o the_o inferior_a one_o leave_v free_a this_o serve_v to_o the_o end_n the_o chamber_n may_v receive_v the_o annata_n or_o fruit_n more_o exact_o for_o if_o two_o man_n impetrate_v one_o benefice_n and_o one_o of_o they_o express_v the_o value_n to_o be_v great_a than_o the_o other_o the_o bull_n or_o papal_n breive_v of_o he_o that_o express_v the_o less_o will_v be_v in_o vain_a and_o those_o of_o the_o great_a will_v be_v attain_v some_o say_v this_o be_v a_o expose_v it_o to_o a_o sale_n or_o outcry_n and_o give_v to_o who_o bid_v most_o other_o say_v it_o be_v to_o the_o end_n the_o chamber_n may_v not_o be_v defraud_v of_o its_o right_n 184._o n._n 184._o but_o this_o consideration_n belong_v to_o the_o chapter_n of_o first-fruit_n come_v back_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o schism_n no_o man_n deny_v but_o the_o disorder_n in_o the_o roman_a court_n be_v great_a which_o increase_v also_o the_o more_o because_o some_o kingdom_n and_o province_n scandalize_v at_o such_o various_a and_o different_a method_n they_o reduce_v themselves_o to_o acknowledge_v neither_o of_o the_o two_o pope_n whereupon_o it_o behoove_v they_o to_o raise_v and_o receive_v from_o those_o which_o remain_v as_o much_o as_o from_o all_o germany_n refuse_v to_o remain_v subject_a to_o the_o reservation_n and_o expectancy_n or_o reversion_n and_o the_o ordinary_n confer_v benefice_n without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o ordinance_n of_o rome_n on_o the_o contrary_a innocent_a the_o seven_o for_o this_o cause_n in_o the_o year_n 1359_o send_v a_o legate_n into_o germany_n to_o give_v new_a bull_n or_o papal_a letter_n to_o those_o who_o be_v get_v in_o by_o the_o episcopal_a collation_n pay_v they_o for_o they_o and_o to_o cause_v they_o to_o make_v composition_n for_o the_o fruit_n receive_v leave_v some_o part_n unto_o the_o chamber_n 185._o n._n 185._o but_o by_o this_o mean_v much_o money_n be_v like_a to_o go_v out_o of_o germany_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o oppose_v it_o and_o prohibit_v the_o extraction_n say_v it_o be_v requisite_a to_o reform_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o clergy_n not_o the_o purse_n all_o these_o confusion_n increase_v more_o and_o more_o when_o there_o come_v on_o the_o three_o pope_n in_o the_o year_n 1409_o to_o who_o although_o the_o french_a do_v adhere_v and_o yield_v obedience_n nevertheless_o they_o stick_v close_o to_o one_o of_o the_o king_n edict_n make_v 3_o year_n before_o by_o which_o they_o prohibit_v the_o reservation_n the_o first-fruit_n and_o other_o exaction_n of_o the_o court_n until_o that_o by_o a_o lawful_a general_a council_n may_v be_v provide_v for_o the_o king_n be_v not_o very_o capable_a of_o the_o government_n but_o lewis_n duke_n of_o orleans_n who_o govern_v he_o be_v author_n of_o all_o the_o edict_n wherefore_o he_o be_v kill_v it_o be_v easy_a for_o pope_n john_n the_o 23d_o to_o regain_v authority_n for_o confer_v benefice_n in_o france_n give_v to_o the_o king_n to_o the_o queen_n to_o the_o dolphin_n and_o to_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n the_o nomination_n of_o most_o of_o their_o servant_n and_o then_o prevail_v with_o the_o remainder_n preserve_v it_o until_o the_o death_n of_o that_o king_n wherefore_o charles_n the_o seven_o his_o son_n who_o succeed_v he_o 186._o n._n 186._o renew_v the_o edict_n in_o italy_n also_o there_o be_v make_v several_a provision_n by_o divers_a state_n in_o different_a manner_n all_o which_o tend_v to_o take_v away_o the_o abuse_n baldus_n testify_v that_o as_o much_o as_o the_o bologneses_n make_v beneficial_a provision_n and_o particular_o ordain_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v confer_v save_v only_o upon_o the_o native_n of_o that_o city_n and_o of_o the_o country_n belong_v to_o it_o neither_o be_v the_o pope_n much_o esteem_v by_o they_o for_o john_n the_o 23d_o be_v in_o florence_n with_o his_o court_n a_o certain_a disorder_n arise_v about_o the_o collation_n of_o a_o benefice_n for_o which_o that_o commonwealth_n deprive_v he_o of_o the_o power_n of_o confer_v benefice_n in_o their_o state_n for_o five_o year_n in_o these_o time_n be_v invent_v inextricable_a clause_n to_o be_v put_v into_o bull_n as_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o petition_n sign_v by_o concessum_fw-la and_o those_o which_o be_v sign_v by_o fiat_n between_o the_o dispatch_n with_o the_o clause_n motu_fw-la proprio_fw-la with_o other_o out_o new_a trick_n and_o device_n sound_v out_o and_o the_o clause_n anteferri_fw-la which_o make_v the_o better_a condition_n from_o which_o invention_n several_a bull_n be_v obtain_v upon_o the_o say_a benefice_n 187._o n._n 187._o and_o beside_o the_o more_o fruit_n pay_v there_o arise_v lawsuit_n also_o which_o be_v to_o be_v handle_v at_o rome_n with_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o

purchase_v whereas_o in_o some_o other_o place_n their_o acquisition_n have_v be_v very_o notable_a chief_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o schism_n 194._o n._n 194._o when_o all_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o clerical_a order_n be_v in_o small_a credit_n the_o schism_n of_o the_o council_n of_o constance_n be_v raise_v one_o of_o the_o pope_n have_v renounce_v and_o the_o other_o two_o be_v deprive_v and_o martin_n the_o 5_o be_v elect_v in_o council_n anno._n 1417_o all_o be_v in_o hope_n that_o by_o the_o council_n and_o by_o the_o pope_n all_o these_o disorder_n in_o beneficial_a matter_n will_v be_v regulate_v and_o indeed_o the_o council_n propose_v to_o the_o pope_n the_o article_n for_o reform_v the_o reservation_n the_o first-fruit_n the_o favour_n the_o expectancy_n or_o reversion_n the_o commending_n and_o the_o collationing_n but_o the_o new_a pope_n and_o the_o court_n desire_v to_o return_v home_o and_o all_o the_o father_n of_o the_o council_n be_v weary_a of_o the_o long_a absence_n from_o their_o house_n the_o treat_v of_o a_o matter_n so_o difficult_a which_o require_v so_o much_o time_n be_v easy_o put_v off_o till_o the_o next_o council_n which_o be_v intimate_v to_o be_v celebrate_v in_o pavia_n five_o year_n after_o which_o move_v the_o french_a to_o be_v unwilling_a to_o expect_v a_o new_a council_n wherefore_o it_o be_v order_v by_o a_o decree_n of_o the_o parliament_n that_o no_o obedience_n shall_v be_v yield_v to_o the_o pope_n unless_o the_o king_n edict_n be_v first_o intimate_v and_o accept_v by_o he_o which_o edict_n take_v away_o the_o reservation_n 195._o n._n 195._o and_o the_o exaction_n of_o money_n therefore_o martin_n have_v send_v a_o nuncio_n to_o give_v the_o king_n a_o account_n of_o his_o election_n the_o king_n answer_v he_o will_v have_v accept_v it_o upon_o condition_n that_o elective_a benefice_n be_v confer_v by_o election_n and_o the_o reservation_n and_o the_o reversion_n be_v take_v away_o the_o pope_n be_v content_a for_o that_o time_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1422_o have_v gain_v the_o favour_n of_o some_o of_o the_o university_n he_o endeavour_v to_o cause_v the_o reservation_n to_o be_v receive_v however_o he_o can_v not_o obtain_v his_o intent_n and_o they_o proceed_v against_o his_o promoter_n by_o imprisonment_n the_o pope_n lay_v the_o interdiction_n at_o lion_n and_o the_o parliament_n order_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v serve_v and_o the_o contention_n last_v until_o the_o year_n 1424_o when_o the_o king_n compound_v with_o the_o pope_n that_o his_o holiness_n shall_v have_v the_o collation_n until_o that_o time_n for_o lawful_a and_o for_o the_o future_a all_o command_n shall_v be_v receive_v but_o the_o attorney_n and_o the_o advocate_n general_n with_o many_o of_o the_o lord_n oppose_v the_o execution_n of_o it_o and_o have_v represent_v to_o the_o king_n the_o damage_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o make_v this_o agreement_n with_o the_o king_n to_o vanish_v into_o smoak_n in_o this_o interval_n the_o council_n of_o ravia_fw-la be_v hold_v which_o after_o begin_v 196._o n._n 196._o be_v transfer_v to_o sienna_n and_o dispatch_v with_o great_a celerity_n nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v treat_v therein_o but_o only_o hope_v give_v that_o in_o the_o council_n to_o be_v celebrate_v seven_o year_n after_o at_o basel_n all_o shall_v be_v reform_v at_o the_o end_n of_o which_o seven_o year_n martin_n die_v and_o eugenius_n the_o four_o succeed_v in_o the_o popedom_n under_o who_o in_o the_o council_n of_o basel_n anno._n 1431_o the_o so_o much_o necessary_a and_o desire_a provision_n be_v make_v against_o disorder_n in_o matter_n of_o benefice_n the_o reservation_n be_v prohibit_v except_o the_o vacanti_fw-la in_o curia_fw-la the_o reversion_n the_o first-fruit_n and_o all_o other_o exaction_n of_o the_o court_n be_v also_o prohibit_v the_o pope_n see_v his_o power_n restrain_v and_o his_o wealth_n not_o able_a to_o support_n he_o oppose_v the_o council_n he_o endeavour_v to_o transfer_v it_o elsewhere_o to_o a_o place_n where_o he_o may_v manage_v the_o prelate_n which_o be_v repugnant_a to_o they_o he_o can_v not_o succeed_v and_o many_o contention_n pass_v between_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o council_n wherein_o pious_a man_n interpose_v themselves_o by_o daily_a labour_n find_v out_o a_o medium_fw-la 197._o n._n 197._o but_o at_o last_o be_v full_o resolve_v to_o provide_v against_o extorsion_n of_o money_n and_o the_o pope_n to_o preserve_v his_o authority_n and_o conveniency_n they_o come_v to_o a_o irreconcilable_a breach_n the_o pope_n annul_v the_o council_n the_o council_n deprive_v the_o pope_n and_o choose_v another_o whereupon_o a_o schism_n grow_v in_o the_o church_n that_o council_n be_v accept_v in_o france_n and_o in_o germany_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1438_o 1438._o 1438._o there_o be_v publish_v in_o france_n that_o famous_a pragmatica_fw-la whereby_o the_o election_n be_v restore_v to_o the_o chapter_n and_o the_o collation_n to_o the_o ordinary_n and_o reservation_n be_v forbid_v as_o in_o the_o council_n of_o basel_n that_o council_n be_v not_o receive_v in_o italy_n where_o all_o adhere_v to_o the_o pope_n so_o that_o reservation_n take_v foot_v and_o every_o pope_n renew_v they_o without_o difficulty_n and_o introduce_v new_a grievance_n beside_o in_o the_o collation_n of_o benefice_n none_o of_o they_o ever_o moderate_v himself_o unless_o when_o a_o method_n be_v find_v to_o work_v the_o same_o effect_n by_o a_o easy_a way_n julius_n the_o second_o and_o leo_n the_o 10_o introduce_v mental_a reservation_n which_o they_o so_o call_v and_o by_o another_o name_n reservation_n in_o the_o breast_n which_o be_v not_o make_v public_a like_o the_o rest_n neither_o be_v they_o know_v 198._o n._n 198._o unless_o when_o a_o benefice_n become_v vacant_a if_o the_o ordinary_a confer_v it_o or_o if_o any_o one_o go_v to_o crave_v it_o the_o datary_n answer_v that_o the_o pope_n have_v reserve_v it_o in_o his_o mind_n a_o method_n or_o fashion_n which_o last_v some_o year_n but_o than_o it_o be_v leave_v off_o because_o it_o become_v incommodious_a to_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n also_o all_o other_o method_n be_v carry_v on_o to_o excess_n for_o as_o touch_v resignation_n in_o favorem_fw-la introduce_v heretofore_o and_o practise_v there_o be_v add_v the_o resigning_n the_o title_n only_o of_o the_o benefice_n reserve_v to_o himself_o all_o the_o fruit_n thereof_o which_o in_o existence_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o remain_v patron_n of_o the_o benefice_n just_a as_o before_o it_o be_v renounce_v he_o constitute_v to_o himself_o a_o successor_n who_o be_v in_o name_n titular_a before_o the_o death_n of_o the_o renouncer_n but_o in_o fact_n he_o have_v no_o right_n and_o that_o the_o new_a titular_a person_n who_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o gather_v the_o fruit_n for_o the_o behoof_n of_o the_o renouncer_n may_v not_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o any_o thing_n there_o be_v add_v also_o that_o not_o only_o all_o the_o fruit_n be_v reserve_v to_o the_o renouncer_n 199._o n._n 199._o but_o also_o that_o he_o may_v exact_v they_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n there_o be_v nothing_o which_o may_v make_v the_o resignator_n different_a from_o the_o entire_a patron_n but_o that_o if_o in_o case_n the_o titular_a dye_v before_o he_o all_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o benefice_n remain_v to_o he_o but_o he_o can_v no_o more_o create_v himself_o a_o successor_n and_o the_o title_n may_v be_v give_v by_o the_o collator_n to_o who_o he_o please_v that_o shall_v succeed_v after_o the_o renouncers_n death_n the_o court_n want_v not_o for_o a_o excellent_a remedy_n for_o this_o likewise_o which_o be_v the_o regress_n regress_n regress_n in_o the_o primitive_a time_n of_o the_o church_n there_o be_v a_o holy_a and_o a_o commendable_a custom_n that_o when_o a_o man_n be_v appoint_v to_o a_o church_n he_o never_o leave_v his_o charge_n in_o all_o his_o life_n for_o to_o have_v a_o benefice_n of_o great_a income_n or_o of_o great_a honour_n it_o seem_v enough_o for_o every_o one_o to_o perform_v the_o best_a of_o his_o office_n sometime_o for_o necessity_n when_o there_o be_v not_o a_o fit_a person_n for_o a_o great_a charge_n the_o superior_a take_v one_o who_o be_v occupy_v in_o a_o less_o 200._o n._n 200._o and_o by_o obedience_n transfer_v he_o to_o the_o great_a a_o thing_n which_o afterward_o be_v seek_v after_o by_o some_o either_o for_o great_a commodiousness_n or_o for_o profit_n whereby_o the_o translation_n which_o be_v unusual_a become_v most_o customary_a and_o the_o solicitation_n of_o every_o one_o be_v such_o to_o raise_v his_o degree_n that_o oftentimes_o have_v leave_v that_o in_o possession_n and_o impetrate_v for_o another_o his_o impetration_n prove_v vicious_a he_o have_v be_v deprive_v of_o both_o which_o be_v inconvenient_a custom_n obtain_v that_o if_o the_o impetration_n of_o the_o second_o place_n can_v not_o

take_v effect_n the_o person_n beneficy_v may_v return_v to_o the_o first_o without_o more_o ado_n and_o this_o be_v call_v the_o regress_n regress_n regress_n in_o like_a manner_n to_o this_o there_o be_v invent_v the_o grant_v a_o faculty_n to_o the_o resignant_fw-la that_o whenever_o the_o resignatory_n shall_v die_v or_o renounce_v the_o title_n he_o may_v without_o more_o ado_n return_v to_o the_o resigned_n benefice_n and_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n take_v possession_n anew_o and_o make_v it_o his_o own_o as_o if_o he_o have_v never_o renounce_v it_o and_o if_o he_o shall_v not_o have_v take_v to_o himself_o the_o first_o possession_n of_o the_o renouncement_n in_o which_o case_n the_o regress_n can_v take_v place_n he_o may_v by_o access_n 201._o n._n 201._o and_o by_o ingress_n take_v possession_n likewise_o by_o his_o own_o authority_n without_o any_o other_o ministry_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o this_o be_v call_v a_o regress_n therefore_o the_o receive_n and_o the_o admit_v the_o renouncement_n upon_o these_o condition_n and_o therewith_o to_o give_v title_n to_o the_o resignatory_n have_v never_o be_v permit_v by_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n to_o other_o but_o have_v reserve_v it_o to_o himself_o only_o this_o method_n be_v condemn_v by_o all_o the_o writer_n chief_o by_o the_o university_n of_o france_n and_o prohibit_v by_o the_o parliament_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v cover_v with_o any_o fair_a pretext_n of_o antiquity_n wherefore_o there_o be_v some_o who_o make_v a_o conscience_n and_o be_v ashamed_a to_o use_v it_o for_o who_o satisfaction_n there_o be_v find_v out_o another_o of_o a_o ancient_a original_a but_o according_a to_o custom_n fit_v for_o the_o present_a occasion_n coadjutor_n coadjutor_n this_o be_v the_o coadjutory_a a_o most_o ancient_a and_o a_o most_o commendable_a custom_n there_o be_v in_o the_o church_n that_o when_o any_o minister_n or_o prelate_n or_o other_o become_v unable_a or_o less_o fit_a to_o perform_v his_o charge_n through_o old_a age_n or_o by_o infirmity_n of_o mind_n or_o of_o body_n or_o for_o other_o cause_n he_o take_v to_o himself_o 202._o n._n 202._o or_o the_o superior_a give_v he_o a_o assistant_n who_o together_o with_o he_o may_v bear_v the_o burden_n but_o he_o have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o office_n or_o benefice_n but_o whilst_o he_o live_v who_o coadjutor_n he_o be_v who_o be_v dead_a a_o new_a titular_a one_o be_v make_v this_o provision_n be_v always_o commend_v and_o never_o be_v any_o opposition_n make_v against_o it_o afterward_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o if_o it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o coadjutor_n may_v succeed_v a_o great_a benefit_n will_v arise_v first_o he_o will_v be_v more_o diligent_a in_o manage_v a_o thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v his_o own_o other_o will_v love_v he_o and_o will_v repute_v he_o more_o as_o their_o own_o than_o another_o upon_o which_o the_o coadjutor_n be_v make_v with_o a_o succession_n to_o come_v a_o thing_n which_o have_v defender_n and_o opposer_n it_o be_v oppose_v by_o say_v that_o every_o succession_n in_o ecclesiastical_a benefice_n be_v condemnable_a it_o offer_v occasion_n of_o procure_v or_o desire_v another_o man_n death_n it_o be_v defend_v with_o the_o famous_a example_n of_o st._n augustin_n who_o by_o valerius_n his_o predecessor_n be_v make_v coadjutor_n with_o future_a succession_n 203._o n._n 203._o which_o example_n serve_v not_o very_o well_o because_o st._n augustin_n himself_o blame_v it_o afterward_o and_o will_v not_o follow_v it_o and_o be_v not_o ashamed_a to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o he_o and_o by_o his_o predecessor_n out_o of_o ignorance_n but_o in_o the_o time_n we_o speak_v of_o they_o not_o only_o give_v coadjutor_n with_o future_a succession_n unto_o prelate_n and_o to_o other_o which_o have_v administration_n but_o also_o in_o single_a benefice_n where_o be_v no_o need_n of_o be_v assist_v so_o that_o the_o coadjutor_n retain_v only_o the_o name_n there_o be_v nothing_o real_a but_o the_o future_a succession_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n so_o abhor_v by_o the_o canon_n it_o be_v practise_v or_o use_v in_o these_o time_n that_o whatsoever_o beneficyary_n who_o will_v make_v himself_o a_o successor_n indifferent_o according_a to_o his_o different_a pleasure_n or_o make_v a_o coadjutor_n with_o a_o future_a succession_n or_o resign_v in_o his_o favour_n reserve_v to_o himself_o the_o fruit_n and_o with_o regress_n but_o yet_o this_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o pope_n only_o and_o in_o no_o wise_a grant_v to_o other_o collator_n the_o council_n of_o basile_n be_v receive_v in_o germany_n by_o some_o and_o by_o other_o not_o and_o therefore_o beneficial_a cause_n be_v different_o understand_v 204._o n._n 204._o to_o provide_v against_o the_o diversity_n and_o dissension_n it_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o year_n 1448_o between_o nicolas_n the_o 5_o and_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n in_o this_o manner_n that_o benefice_n vacant_a in_o curia_n shall_v be_v reserve_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o for_o the_o remainder_n of_o the_o elective_a benefice_n they_o shall_v proceed_v by_o election_n as_o for_o other_o those_o vacant_a in_o six_o month_n shall_v be_v the_o pope_n in_o the_o other_o six_o they_o shall_v be_v distribute_v by_o the_o ordinary_a collator_n add_v also_o that_o if_o the_o pope_n have_v not_o in_o the_o term_n of_o three_o month_n confer_v those_o which_o belong_v to_o he_o the_o collation_n shall_v devolve_v to_o the_o ordinary_n the_o agreement_n be_v receive_v throughout_o all_o germany_n and_o until_o the_o year_n 1518_o some_o diocese_n observe_v the_o council_n of_o basile_n which_o annul_v all_o reservation_n but_o in_o progress_n of_o time_n those_o also_o who_o receive_v the_o agreement_n at_o the_o beginning_n forbear_v to_o observe_v it_o afterward_o and_o excuse_v themselves_o say_v that_o the_o agreement_n be_v not_o general_o receive_v and_o have_v lose_v its_o force_n through_o disuse_n so_o that_o we_o treat_v not_o of_o those_o city_n where_o the_o bishop_n and_o chapter_n be_v depart_v from_o the_o roman_a church_n but_o also_o in_o the_o church_n which_o remain_v under_o obedience_n little_a or_o nothing_o be_v observe_v clement_n the_o seven_o in_o the_o year_n 1534_o make_v a_o severe_a bull_n 205._o n._n 205._o but_o it_o take_v but_o little_a effect_n in_o the_o year_n 1576_o gregory_n the_o 8_o make_v another_o without_o better_a success_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbone_n anno._n 1594_o 1576._o 1576._o cardinal_n mudrutius_n a_o legate_n of_o pope_n clement_n the_o 8_o make_v a_o great_a querimony_n about_o this_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pope_n no_o fruit_n appear_v at_o present_v there_o remain_v the_o same_o variety_n and_o confusion_n the_o romon_n court_n have_v but_o two_o remedy_n only_o one_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o confession_n of_o jesuit_n which_o work_n by_o term_n of_o conscience_n that_o beneficyary_v provide_v by_o ordinary_n be_v content_a to_o take_v the_o bull_n from_o rome_n and_o some_o do_v it_o the_o other_o remedy_n use_v by_o the_o court_n but_o in_o benefice_n of_o importance_n and_o with_o person_n partly_o depend_v on_o they_o be_v that_o a_o election_n or_o a_o collation_n be_v make_v contrary_a to_o the_o agreement_n the_o court_n annull_n it_n but_o afterward_o confer'_v it_o on_o the_o same_o person_n 206._o n._n 206._o a_o remedy_n much_o use_v heretofore_o upon_o other_o occasion_n also_o not_o because_o it_o help_v at_o that_o very_a time_n but_o because_o keep_v those_o write_n they_o make_v use_v of_o they_o in_o succeed_v time_n to_o show_v that_o they_o have_v obedience_n as_o so_o many_o other_o decretal_n which_o take_v no_o effect_n be_v nevertheless_o in_o the_o decretal_a book_n for_o the_o same_o design_n in_o france_n the_o pragmatica_fw-la be_v rigid_o contest_v by_o pius_n the_o second_o which_o the_o french_a clergy_n and_o the_o university_n of_o paris_n oppose_v constant_o wherefore_o the_o pope_n turn_v himself_o unto_o lewis_n the_o 11_o show_v he_o how_o it_o be_v unseemly_a to_o he_o that_o in_o his_o kingdom_n they_o shall_v observe_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basel_n against_o which_o he_o be_v the_o royal_a first_o bear_v depart_v from_o the_o father_n out_o of_o distaste_n go_v with_o arm_n receive_v money_n from_o pope_n eugenius_n the_o four_o to_o disturb_v the_o council_n for_o which_o reason_n king_n lewis_n anno._n 1461_o revoke_v pragmatic_n sanction_n revoke_v revoke_v the_o pragmatica_fw-la and_o make_v it_o to_o cease_v but_o there_o follow_v a_o reclamation_n of_o the_o university_n and_o remonstrance_n from_o the_o parliament_n which_o be_v yet_o to_o be_v find_v 207._o n._n 207._o wherein_o they_o represent_v to_o the_o king_n the_o grievance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a order_n with_o a_o account_n make_v up_o distinct_o restore_v and_o restore_v that_o in_o three_o year_n four_o million_o

the_o council_n and_o have_v leave_v any_o work_n especial_o of_o divinity_n have_v maintain_v residency_n to_o be_v de_fw-fr jure_fw-la divino_fw-la proceed_v so_o far_o that_o to_o affirm_v the_o contrary_a they_o esteem_v it_o a_o delude_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n and_o natural_a reason_n itself_o and_o all_o antiquity_n but_o not_o to_o provoke_v the_o court_n against_o its_o self_n they_o have_v find_v out_o exception_n by_o which_o the_o pope_n may_v make_v we_o dispensation_n the_o council_n speak_v not_o of_o reservation_n chief_o reservation_n reservation_n which_o be_v increase_v above_o measure_n because_o they_o concern_v the_o pope_n own_o person_n 214._o n._n 214._o wherefore_o they_o still_o remain_v yea_o they_o be_v increase_v afterward_o it_o seem_v that_o in_o take_v away_o the_o union_n and_o the_o commendum_n ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la the_o regress_v and_o the_o coadjutorship_n be_v in_o a_o great_a share_n proceed_v if_o not_o total_o yet_o the_o great_a part_n however_o a_o speedy_a remedy_n be_v find_v out_o which_o not_o only_o do_v the_o same_o but_o much_o more_o yea_o great_a than_o the_o four_o above_o name_v pension_n pension_n and_o that_o be_v the_o pension_n it_o be_v a_o observation_n of_o godly_a man_n that_o in_o those_o time_n the_o court_n will_v never_o be_v induce_v that_o a_o gainful_a abuse_n shall_v be_v abolish_v or_o correct_v until_o it_o have_v prepare_v a_o great_a and_o a_o more_o profitable_a one_o but_o in_o this_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a to_o be_v so_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o thing_n of_o these_o our_o time_n only_o the_o lay_v a_o pension_n upon_o benefice_n only_o the_o manner_n be_v new_a and_o the_o frequency_n be_v peculiar_a to_o our_o time_n when_o the_o church_n good_n be_v in_o common_a the_o name_n be_v unheard_a of_o after_o the_o rule_n or_o canon_n practise_v by_o all_o be_v make_v that_o benefice_n shall_v be_v confer_v entire_o and_o without_o diminution_n 215._o n._n 215._o after_o that_o the_o clergy_n among_o themselves_o give_v a_o beginning_n of_o go_v to_o law_n with_o they_o when_o the_o cause_n be_v doubtful_a one_o side_n yield_v up_o his_o right_n if_o a_o part_n of_o the_o income_n be_v grant_v he_o with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o pension_n likewise_o if_o two_o beneficyary_n for_o some_o good_a respect_n with_o authority_n of_o the_o superior_a shall_v interchange_v benefice_n if_o the_o income_n be_v not_o equal_a they_o patch_v up_o that_o with_o a_o pension_n which_o the_o rich_a leave_v afterward_o also_o when_o any_o one_o resign_v with_o licence_n of_o the_o prelate_n pension_n pension_n a_o pension_n be_v leave_v he_o on_o which_o he_o may_v live_v there_o be_v pope_n decretal_n of_o these_o three_o sort_n of_o pension_n which_o be_v about_o the_o year_n 1200._o and_o these_o sort_v the_o french_a admit_v of_o also_o by_o jurisdiction_n refuse_v to_o admit_v of_o the_o other_o which_o be_v those_o that_o be_v give_v only_o to_o afford_v a_o livelihood_n to_o one_o to_o another_o because_o he_o be_v well-deserving_a from_o the_o apostolic_a see_v to_o another_o because_o he_o be_v learned_a or_o because_o he_o be_v of_o a_o gentile_a behaviour_n or_o because_o he_o have_v serve_v the_o church_n or_o the_o prelate_n also_o because_o he_o have_v the_o pope_n favour_n only_o 216._o n._n 216._o also_o to_o a_o youth_n because_o his_o genius_n presage_v a_o good_a event_n or_o success_n all_o these_o be_v just_a cause_n say_v the_o canonist_n why_o pension_n may_v be_v give_v and_o they_o have_v no_o regard_n to_o add_v that_o without_o any_o cause_n the_o pope_n may_v give_v a_o pension_n upon_o any_o benefice_n to_o any_o person_n he_o shall_v think_v fit_a and_o he_o that_o receive_v likewise_o without_o any_o cause_n but_o out_o of_o the_o pope_n good_a will_v only_o with_o a_o safe_a conscience_n now_o therefore_o instead_o that_o two_o cure_a benefice_n be_v hold_v one_o in_o title_n the_o other_o in_o commendum_fw-la be_v unite_v ad_fw-la vitam_fw-la and_o the_o party_n beneficy_v be_v force_v to_o allow_v a_o stipend_n to_o he_o that_o serve_v in_o one_o of_o they_o at_o present_a it_o be_v give_v to_o he_o in_o title_n and_o to_o himself_o for_o a_o pension_n the_o same_o which_o he_o take_v and_o it_o turn_v to_o the_o same_o yea_o to_o his_o great_a advantage_n because_o he_o be_v subject_a to_o give_v account_n of_o the_o error_n which_o his_o substitute_n have_v commit_v and_o there_o be_v some_o necessity_n for_o his_o take_a care_n of_o it_o but_o thus_o nothing_o lie_v upon_o he_o and_o the_o profit_n be_v the_o same_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n he_o that_o make_v a_o coadjutor_n 217._o n._n 217._o or_o renounce_v with_o a_o regress_n aught_o to_o take_v some_o care_n of_o the_o benefice_n of_o which_o he_o have_v a_o share_n and_o the_o which_o may_v become_v all_o his_o own_o but_o renounce_v with_o reserve_v a_o pension_n to_o himself_o he_o remain_v free_a from_o all_o care_n and_o thought_n and_o if_o the_o resignatory_n die_v or_o yield_v up_o it_o concern_v he_o not_o he_o have_v his_o pension_n free_a and_o without_o molestation_n moreover_o it_o be_v more_o profitable_a to_o have_v a_o pension_n than_o a_o benefice_n first_o many_o benefice_n require_v holy_a order_n and_o the_o age_n of_o be_v able_a to_o receive_v they_o as_o for_o the_o pension_n the_o first_o shave_v be_v sufficient_a and_o sometime_o the_o age_n of_o seven_o year_n beside_o pension_n be_v give_v to_o layman_n also_o as_o common_o to_o the_o knight_n of_o st._n peter_n institute_v by_o leo_n the_o 10_o and_o to_o those_o of_o st._n paul_n institute_v by_o paul_n the_o 3d_o and_o to_o the_o pious_a knight_n institute_v by_o pius_n the_o four_o and_o to_o those_o of_o loreto_n institute_v by_o sixtus_n the_o 5_o which_o may_v have_v some_o 150_o some_o 200_o crown_n pension_n and_o to_o whosoever_o the_o pope_n please_v again_o of_o benefice_n in_o the_o time_n when_o he_o that_o hold_v more_o than_o one_o there_o be_v always_o some_o fault_n find_v with_o he_o or_o they_o have_v a_o say_n to_o he_o and_o a_o dispensation_n be_v necessary_a which_o cause_v some_o expense_n notwithstanding_o this_o the_o doctor_n put_v it_o in_o doubt_n whether_o a_o man_n secure_v himself_o in_o conscience_n 218._o n._n 218._o or_o no._n pension_n may_v be_v have_v to_o any_o number_n without_o scruple_n and_o there_o be_v no_o pension_n incompatible_a a_o pension_n may_v be_v give_v with_o authority_n to_o transfer_v it_o to_o another_o according_a to_o one_o own_o will_n and_o pleasure_n a_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v in_o benefice_n without_o pass_v through_o the_o bound_n and_o through_o the_o ceremony_n of_o renounce_v and_o renouncing_n be_v invalid_a unless_o the_o resignatory_n survive_v twenty_o day_n but_o the_o pension_n may_v be_v transfer_v also_o at_o the_o point_n of_o death_n that_o which_o chief_o import_v be_v that_o the_o pension_n may_v be_v extinguish_v which_o in_o italian_a signify_v to_o make_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n of_o it_o for_o every_o contract_n make_v about_o a_o benefice_n be_v account_v as_o simony_n to_o extinguish_v a_o pension_n signify_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o receive_v a_o quantity_n of_o money_n to_o free_v the_o beneficyary_a from_o pay_v the_o pension_n which_o quantity_n be_v tax_v by_o agreement_n according_a to_o the_o great_a or_o to_o the_o lesser_a age_n of_o the_o pensionary_a former_o before_o our_o age_n 219._o n._n 219._o there_o be_v no_o way_n to_o make_v ready_a money_n of_o a_o benefice_n that_o will_v have_v be_v with_o a_o infinite_a offence_n before_o god_n and_o before_o man_n now_o it_o be_v do_v lawful_o i_o have_v a_o benefice_n of_o 200_o crown_n i_o renounce_v it_o unto_o antony_n reserve_v to_o myself_o a_o pension_n of_o 100_o which_o i_o extinguish_v as_o soon_o as_o 700_o be_v receive_v that_o be_v i_o renounce_v it_o and_o so_o have_v make_v of_o my_o benefice_n 700_o crown_n ready_a money_n without_o sin_n some_o be_v so_o little_a penetrate_a that_o this_o circle_a about_o seem_v to_o they_o to_o be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o i_o shall_v sell_v my_o benefice_n for_o 700_o crown_n but_o they_o show_v a_o gross_a judgement_n there_o be_v many_o other_o thing_n wherein_o the_o pension_n be_v much_o more_o commodious_a as_o be_v use_v at_o present_a in_o union_n in_o commendum_n in_o coadjutorship_n and_o in_o regress_n some_o magnify_v the_o commodiousness_n of_o make_v money_n which_o the_o pope_n have_v for_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_v do_v say_v that_o if_o he_o shall_v open_v the_o regress_v he_o may_v raise_v as_o much_o as_o he_o will_v and_o they_o show_v they_o understand_v not_o matter_n of_o benefice_n there_o will_v not_o be_v a_o farthing_n get_v by_o

new_a where_o be_v these_o purchase_n to_o end_n when_o it_o be_v to_o be_v say_v among_o we_o the_o people_n have_v offer_v more_o of_o it_o than_o suffice_v when_o that_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o temple_n be_v the_o 13_o part_n of_o the_o people_n tithe_n tithe_n they_o receive_v the_o ten_o and_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o exceed_v they_o now_o that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o 100th_o they_o have_v perhaps_o above_o a_o quarter_n it_o be_v not_o convenient_a that_o the_o increase_n of_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n shall_v be_v infinite_a 247._o n._n 247._o and_o that_o all_o the_o world_n shall_v be_v reduce_v to_o be_v tenant_n humane_a law_n among_o christian_n have_v not_o limit_v the_o quantity_n of_o estate_n that_o any_o one_o possess_v for_o he_o that_o purchase_v to_o day_n alienates_v to_o morrow_n a_o perpetual_a condition_n of_o person_n be_v very_o singular_a which_o may_v always_o purchase_v and_o never_o alienate_v in_o the_o old_a testament_n the_o tithe_n be_v give_v to_o the_o levite_n because_o they_o be_v god_n inheritance_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o have_v any_o other_o share_n a_o thing_n which_o pertain_v to_o those_o who_o be_v willing_a to_o make_v use_n of_o their_o privilege_n take_v all_o to_o themselves_o and_o not_o only_o that_o which_o behoove_v their_o own_o profit_n it_o have_v be_v abundant_o speak_v of_o how_o the_o ecclesiastical_a estate_n have_v be_v gain_v to_o who_o the_o care_n of_o they_o have_v be_v commit_v and_o how_o dispense_v nothing_o have_v be_v speak_v of_o that_o which_o be_v do_v when_o at_o the_o death_n of_o the_o beneficyary_a they_o find_v some_o of_o the_o fruit_n not_o yet_o dispose_v of_o whether_o he_o dispose_v of_o they_o by_o will_n or_o whether_o from_o the_o intestateman_n they_o pass_v unto_o other_o person_n whilst_o the_o estate_n of_o each_o church_n be_v in_o common_a and_o govern_v by_o one_o earl_n only_o 248._o conto_fw-la 248._o it_o be_v a_o certain_a thing_n that_o so_o much_o as_o be_v find_v in_o a_o minister_n hand_n be_v incorporate_v with_o the_o whole_a and_o govern_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o the_o successor_n but_o benefice_n be_v erect_v there_o be_v also_o canon_n therewith_o make_v that_o whatever_o part_n be_v find_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o beneficyary_a at_o his_o death_n shall_v be_v the_o church_n and_o by_o the_o church_n if_o it_o be_v collegiate_n and_o have_v a_o common_a table_n be_v understand_v the_o college_n thereof_o but_o if_o the_o beneficyary_n be_v without_o colleague_n by_o the_o name_n of_o church_n be_v understand_v the_o successor_n who_o be_v to_o administer_v that_o remainder_n or_o residue_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o decease_a predecessor_n be_v oblige_v unto_o so_o it_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v until_o the_o year_n 1300._o but_o because_o the_o benefice_a clergyman_n have_v oftentimes_o other_o good_n of_o their_o own_o patrimony_n or_o else_o gain_v by_o his_o own_o art_n and_o industry_n it_o be_v therewith_o say_v that_o of_o these_o he_o be_v the_o absolute_a master_n and_o may_v leave_v they_o by_o will_n to_o who_o he_o please_v but_o of_o the_o income_n of_o the_o benefice_n he_o may_v not_o dispose_v by_o reason_n of_o death_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o clergyman_n possessor_n of_o small_a benefice_n not_o exceed_v the_o expense_n make_v a_o will_n of_o all_o they_o have_v and_o if_o by_o spare_v they_o have_v advance_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o benefice_n 249._o conto_fw-la 249._o they_o repute_v it_o gain_v by_o industry_n and_o dispose_a of_o it_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n which_o have_v bring_v in_o a_o custom_n in_o many_o christian_a kingdom_n that_o man_n of_o inferior_a benefice_n may_v make_v their_o will_n likewise_o of_o the_o income_n of_o their_o benefice_n and_o not_o make_v a_o will_n the_o heir_n of_o the_o intestate_a succeed_v as_o also_o in_o the_o patrimonial_n but_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o bishop_n remain_v to_o the_o church_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a canon_n after_o this_o the_o bishop_n also_o through_o custom_n in_o many_o christian_a kingdom_n acquire_v the_o power_n of_o make_v will_n even_o of_o the_o ecclesiastical_a fruit_n so_o that_o about_o the_o year_n 1300_o in_o divers_a country_n there_o be_v three_o different_a custom_n find_v 1._o one_o where_o no_o clergyman_n may_v dispose_v of_o the_o income_n of_o benefice_n advance_v they_o 2_o the_o other_o where_o the_o income_n be_v upon_o the_o same_o account_n as_o thing_n patrimonial_a and_o their_o own_o 3_o the_o three_o where_o inferior_a clergyman_n bequeath_v or_o dispose_v but_o what_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o bishop_n go_v to_o the_o church_n 250._o n._n 250._o in_o the_o time_n after_o 1300_o when_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n have_v more_o need_n of_o money_n than_o ordinary_a they_o send_v their_o minister_n into_o the_o kingdom_n where_o the_o church_n be_v wont_a to_o inherit_v the_o decease_a benefice_a man_n estate_n who_o before_o the_o successor_n be_v choose_v apply_v all_o to_o the_o pope_n chamber_n which_o thing_n succeed_v easy_o because_o the_o benefice_n become_v vacant_a there_o be_v none_o will_v contradict_v it_o for_o his_o own_o interest_n and_o the_o successor_n be_v create_v he_o acquiesce_v in_o a_o thing_n do_v without_o any_o more_o ado_n they_o begin_v to_o send_v such_o minister_n into_o all_o place_n where_o they_o can_v and_o to_o lay_v claim_n to_o that_o which_o be_v leave_v by_o the_o decease_a collector_n booty_n or_o spoil_n collector_n by_o the_o name_n of_o booty_n or_o spoil_n and_o the_o pope_n officer_n send_v for_o they_o be_v call_v collector_n the_o pope_n take_v these_o spoil_n where_o they_o can_v in_o this_o manner_n silent_o without_o any_o order_n or_o law_n therein_o which_o may_v grant_v the_o same_o but_o always_o with_o some_o murmur_a as_o well_o by_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o decease_a priest_n as_o also_o by_o other_o person_n 251._o n._n 251._o through_o the_o severe_a extorsion_n which_o the_o collector_n and_o the_o subcollector_n make_v who_o bring_v into_o the_o account_n of_o spoil_n or_o booty_n the_o very_a ornament_n of_o the_o church_n and_o give_v also_o much_o molestation_n to_o heir_n upon_o good_n gain_v by_o industry_n or_o receive_v from_o the_o patrimony_n endeavour_v to_o make_v they_o appear_v to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o benefice_n and_o doubtful_a of_o what_o quality_n they_o be_v giving_z sentence_n that_o they_o belong_v to_o the_o chamber_n vex_v and_o tire_v those_o who_o oppose_v they_o with_o excommunication_n and_o censure_n in_o france_n the_o use_n or_o custom_n have_v introduce_v that_o the_o spoil_n of_o bishop_n and_o abbey_n shall_v be_v apply_v to_o the_o pope_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1385_o charles_n the_o 6_o prohibit_v it_o ordain_v that_o heir_n shall_v have_v the_o succession_n as_o well_o in_o they_o as_o in_o patrimonial_a good_n in_o many_o country_n the_o custom_n be_v introduce_v be_v continue_v unto_o this_o age_n when_o by_o the_o extorsion_n of_o the_o collector_n the_o complaint_n of_o many_o increase_v so_o much_o that_o some_o have_v the_o boldness_n to_o oppose_v it_o open_o and_o to_o deny_v that_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o decease_a clergyman_n belong_v to_o the_o pope_n chamber_n wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n 1541_o paul_n the_o 3d_o be_v the_o first_o who_o make_v a_o bull_n upon_o this_o matter_n 252._o n._n 252._o where_o it_o be_v relate_v that_o some_o curious_a person_n to_o usurp_v to_o themselves_o the_o right_n of_o the_o apostolic_a chamber_n and_o to_o defraud_v it_o do_v call_v in_o question_n whether_o the_o estate_n of_o prelate_n and_o of_o other_o ecclesiastical_a person_n call_v spoil_n belong_v to_o the_o chamber_n there_o be_v no_o apostolical_a constitution_n which_o appropriates_n it_o though_o indeed_o by_o the_o send_n collector_n into_o divers_a place_n it_o appear_v clear_o to_o have_v be_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o apostolic_a see_v to_o reserve_v they_o and_o apply_v or_o appropriate_v they_o to_o the_o chamber_n wherefore_o he_o declare_v ordain_v and_o constitute_v that_o to_o the_o pontifical_a chamber_n shall_v belong_v the_o spoil_n of_o all_o the_o clergyman_n decease_a in_o whatsoever_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n as_o well_o on_o this_o side_n as_o beyond_o the_o alps_n so_o likewise_o on_o this_o side_n as_o well_o as_o beyond_o the_o sea_n although_o collector_n have_v never_o be_v appoint_v in_o they_o so_o that_o the_o over-diligent_a be_v willing_a to_o free_v some_o few_o province_n from_o this_o grievance_n or_o burden_n have_v be_v cause_o they_o have_v be_v impose_v all_o the_o world_n over_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o come_v to_o execution_n 253._o n._n 253._o except_o in_o the_o usual_a place_n but_o it_o have_v thus_o happen_v in_o all_o thing_n as_o the_o world_n make_v of_o novelty_n leave_v off_o for_o sometime_o without_o execution_n and_o afterward_o with_o a_o good_a opportunity_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v execute_v in_o due_a time_n and_o by_o the_o malice_n of_o some_o bring_v out_o of_o use_n by_o censure_n and_o other_o violence_n they_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n the_o spoil_n unto_o the_o year_n 1560_o comprehend_v nothing_o but_o that_o which_o be_v find_v at_o the_o clergyman_n death_n proceed_v from_o ecclesiastical_a income_n in_o the_o year_n above_o say_v pius_fw-la quartus_fw-la make_v a_o bull_n that_o under_o the_o name_n of_o spoil_n which_o throughout_o the_o world_n in_o all_o dominion_n on_o this_o side_n and_o beyond_o the_o alps_o and_o the_o sea_n belong_v to_o the_o chamber_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o all_o that_o which_o the_o clerk_n shall_v gain_v by_o unlawful_a merchandise_n and_o otherwise_o contrary_a to_o the_o canon_n a_o thing_n which_o comprehend_v sufficient_o because_o unlawful_a merchandise_n they_o call_v where_o the_o thing_n such_o as_o it_o be_v buy_v so_o it_o be_v sell_v and_o then_o by_o the_o canon_n the_o clergyman_n be_v forbid_v many_o kind_n of_o game_n in_o use_n and_o many_o service_n 254._o n._n 254._o by_o which_o way_n there_o be_v get_v sufficient_o so_o that_o hereby_o be_v return_v a_o great_a gain_n to_o the_o chamber_n and_o it_o will_v be_v a_o great_a income_n if_o the_o bull_n can_v be_v execute_v throughout_o half_a italy_n where_o they_o be_v not_o yet_o in_o execution_n and_o in_o france_n and_o in_o germany_n and_o in_o other_o kingdom_n which_o have_v not_o yet_o receive_v they_o like_v as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o castilia_n they_o make_v not_o spoil_n of_o all_o the_o clergyman_n but_o of_o the_o bishop_n only_o by_o the_o law_n of_o carolus_n quintus_fw-la and_o of_o philip_n the_o second_o the_o canonist_n defend_v the_o right_n of_o the_o spoil_n with_o this_o foundation_n that_o the_o pope_n be_v patron_n or_o master_n of_o all_o ecclesiastical_a income_n and_o those_o who_o speak_v the_o most_o modest_o say_v administrator_n by_o which_o doctrine_n there_o be_v also_o introduce_v into_o rome_n that_o if_o any_o one_o have_v undue_o usurp_v to_o himself_o any_o benefice_n or_o otherwise_o shall_v have_v rob_v the_o church_n if_o he_o agree_v with_o the_o apostolic_a chamber_n to_o give_v a_o share_n of_o it_o thereto_o he_o may_v hold_v the_o remainder_n with_o a_o good_a conscience_n 255._o n._n 255._o and_o the_o agreement_n be_v make_v and_o pay_v as_o much_o as_o be_v limit_v let_v every_o one_o say_v he_o be_v absolve_v of_o the_o rest_n and_o may_v hold_v it_o lawful_o as_o his_o own_o because_o the_o pope_n be_v as_o have_v be_v say_v either_o master_n or_o administrator_n general_n and_o this_o they_o call_v compound_v with_o the_o apostolic_a chamber_n which_o come_v to_o be_v very_o large_o extend_v so_o that_o those_o who_o in_o conscience_n know_v or_o at_o leastwise_o doubt_v of_o have_v something_o not_o their_o own_o and_o there_o be_v no_o that_o either_o it_o be_v not_o know_v who_o to_o restore_v it_o composition_n be_v make_v finis_fw-la

Selected quad for the lemma: church_n

Text snippets containing the quad