superad_v to_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_n to_o denote_v the_o antiquity_n of_o those_o four_o who_o bear_v this_o name_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o baron_n paurmeister_n give_v his_o opinion_n of_o the_o case_n propose_v in_o these_o word_n ego_fw-la baronum_fw-la genera_fw-la nulla_fw-la esse_fw-la arbitror_fw-la &_o quocunque_fw-la nomine_fw-la semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n vel_fw-la singulariter_fw-la freyen_fw-mi herrn_n edle_o well_fw-mi die_v edle_n appellantur_fw-la nobilitate_fw-la ac_fw-la dignitate_fw-la pares_fw-la esse_fw-la omnes_fw-la enim_fw-la generali_fw-la vocabulo_fw-la herrn_fw-la comprehenduntur_fw-la ut_fw-la perpetuo_fw-la habet_fw-la decretorum_fw-la comitiorum_fw-la subscriptio_fw-la von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n i_o do_v not_o think_v there_o be_v any_o different_a kind_n of_o baron_n but_o that_o whatever_o title_n they_o may_v have_v whether_o semper-freyen_a freyherrn_n edle_o herrn_n freyen_fw-mi herrn_v or_o edle_n they_o be_v all_o of_o they_o notwithstanding_o of_o equal_a nobility_n and_o dignity_n since_o they_o all_o agree_v in_o the_o general_a title_n of_o herrn_n as_o we_o find_v the_o decree_n ancient_o pass_v in_o the_o diet_n subscribe_v von_n der_fw-mi graven_n und_fw-ge herrn_fw-ge wegen_fw-ge i._n e._n by_o assent_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o count_n and_o baron_n and_o as_o herrn_n be_v a_o common_a name_n for_o all_o sort_n of_o german_a baron_n so_o be_v herrschaft_n a_o general_a name_n for_o a_o barony_n which_o two_o word_n the_o high_a dutch_a use_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o we_o do_v lord_n and_o lordship_n we_o see_v then_o what_o the_o title_n of_o freyherr_a signify_v â—â—â—on_n â—â—â—on_n and_o in_o the_o modern_a writing_n of_o the_o german_n we_o seldom_o or_o never_o meet_v with_o the_o word_n baron_fw-fr though_o this_o be_v as_o ordinary_a in_o spain_n italy_n france_n and_o england_n as_o the_o former_a be_v in_o germany_n however_o schottelius_fw-la who_o make_v as_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o ancient_a monument_n and_o record_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o any_o man_n whatever_o assure_v we_o that_o bar_n or_o baar_n in_o old_a teutonic_n manuscript_n signify_v a_o baron_n and_o be_v common_o there_o use_v instead_o of_o the_o more_o modern_a word_n freyherr_a and_o possible_o there_o may_v be_v as_o just_a ground_n for_o derive_v baro_n from_o the_o high_a dutch_a as_o either_o the_o latin_a or_o greek_a for_o the_o latin_a word_n virro_n signify_v a_o man_n separate_v and_o distinct_a from_o the_o vulgar_a by_o his_o virtue_n whence_o the_o generality_n of_o critic_n derive_v baro_n have_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v borrow_v of_o the_o high_a dutch_a in_o who_o ancient_a law_n baro_n or_o barus_n and_o foemina_fw-la do_v usual_o occur_v for_o a_o man_n or_o woman_n the_o english_a saxon_n call_v a_o man_n Æ¿er_n or_o Æ¿ar_v which_o the_o old_a frank_n turn_v into_o berinthia_n and_o afterward_o paro_n in_o junius_n edition_n of_o the_o codex_fw-la argenteus_n the_o gothic_a word_n wair_n be_v use_v for_o man_n and_z waire_z in_o the_o plural_a for_o man_n sometime_o instead_o of_o baron_n the_o german_n use_v the_o title_n of_o bannerherr_a â—â—nner-herr_a â—â—nner-herr_a or_o panner-herr_a which_o may_v be_v render_v dominus_fw-la vexillifer_fw-la and_o signify_v the_o same_o thing_n with_o banneret_n i_o can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o the_o word_n bannerherr_a though_o ordinary_o meet_v with_o in_o german_a writer_n be_v ever_o make_v use_n of_o to_o denote_v any_o high_a dutch_a title_n of_o honour_n but_o only_o to_o express_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o other_o nation_n what_o a_o chivalier_n banneret_n or_o knight_n banneret_n which_o the_o german_n usual_o render_v bannerherr_a do_v signify_v may_v be_v learn_v from_o the_o account_n which_o the_o author_n of_o la_fw-fr division_n du_fw-fr mond_fw-fr give_v of_o it_o pour_v fair_a say_v he_o un_fw-fr chevalier_n banneret_n cest_fw-fr quant_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_o longement_n suyvy_fw-fr les_fw-fr guerre_v et_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr a_fw-fr assez_fw-fr terres_fw-la et_fw-fr revenue_n tant_fw-fr que_fw-fr il_fw-fr peult_n tenir_fw-fr et_fw-fr soudoyer_fw-fr cinquant_n gentiles_n home_n pour_fw-fr accompagnier_fw-fr sa_fw-fr banniere_n lord_fw-mi il_fw-fr peult_n licitement_n lever_n ladit_fw-la banniere_n et_fw-fr non_fw-fr autrement_fw-fr car_fw-fr nul_fw-fr autre_fw-fr home_fw-fr ne_fw-fr pvit_fw-fr porter_n banniere_n en_fw-fr battaile_n sil_fw-fr n'a_fw-fr cinquant_a home_n prestz_fw-fr pour_fw-fr battailler_n which_o story_n of_o maintain_v fifty_o man_n under_o he_o to_o accompany_v his_o banner_n be_v in_o the_o end_n of_o the_o old_a print_a copy_n of_o gesta_fw-la romanorum_fw-la in_o french_a notwithstanding_o the_o assertion_n of_o some_o late_a author_n that_o a_o banneret_n need_v have_v no_o more_o than_o twenty-five_o some_o say_v ten_o man_n under_o he_o the_o german_n call_v a_o knight_n ritter_n â—â—tter_n â—â—tter_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n as_o the_o latin_n style_v he_o eques_fw-la because_o this_o title_n be_v former_o never_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n that_o have_v not_o perform_v some_o gallant_a exploit_n in_o the_o field_n and_o who_o be_v dub_v knight_n by_o be_v accouter_v with_o a_o sword_n and_o pair_n of_o spur_n one_o of_o our_o ancient_a english_a poet_n dan._n lydgate_n give_v we_o a_o full_a explication_n of_o the_o title_n of_o ritter_n in_o these_o word_n eques_fw-la ab_fw-la equo_fw-la be_v say_v of_o very_a right_n and_o chevalier_n be_v say_v of_o chivalry_n in_o which_o a_o rider_n call_v be_v a_o knight_n arragoner_n do_v also_o specify_v caballiero_n through_o all_o that_o party_n be_v name_n of_o worship_n and_o so_o take_v his_o '_o ginning_n of_o spur_n of_o gold_n and_o chief_o ride_v the_o first_o original_n of_o dub_a of_o knight_n with_o a_o sword_n come_v probable_o from_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o northern_a nation_n of_o gird_v their_o young_a man_n with_o a_o sword_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arms._n nihil_fw-la say_v tacitus_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a german_n neque_fw-la publicae_fw-la neque_fw-la privatae_fw-la rei_fw-la nisi_fw-la armati_fw-la agunt_fw-la sed_fw-la arma_fw-la sumere_fw-la non_fw-la ante_fw-la cviquam_fw-la moris_fw-la quam_fw-la civitas_n suffecturum_fw-la probaverit_fw-la tum_o in_o ipso_fw-la concilio_fw-la vel_fw-la principum_fw-la aliquis_fw-la vel_fw-la pater_fw-la vel_fw-la propinquus_n scuto_fw-la frameaque_fw-la juvenem_fw-la ornant_fw-la haec_fw-la apud_fw-la illos_fw-la toga_fw-la hic_fw-la primus_fw-la juventae_fw-la honos_fw-la ante_fw-la hoc_fw-la domus_fw-la pars_fw-la videntur_fw-la mox_fw-la reipublicae_fw-la beside_o this_o ceremony_n of_o give_v a_o lance_n or_o target_n to_o such_o as_o be_v admit_v member_n of_o the_o empire_n they_o have_v another_o way_n of_o adopt_v son_n per_fw-la arma_fw-la thus_o theodoric_n king_n of_o the_o eastern_a goth_n in_o italy_n adopt_v the_o king_n of_o the_o heruli_n by_o a_o charter_n still_o extant_a in_o cassiodorus_n northern_a history_n and_o hence_o justin_n the_o elder_a be_v about_o to_o adopt_v cosroes_n the_o king_n of_o persia_n son_n be_v advise_v by_o proclus_n his_o chancellor_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d as_o procopius_n speak_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i._n e._n that_o it_o shall_v be_v do_v according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o barbarous_a nation_n who_o do_v not_o adopt_v son_n by_o write_v but_o by_o arms._n there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o several_a order_n of_o knighthood_n in_o germany_n as_o in_o most_o other_o european_a nation_n knighthood_n order_n of_o knighthood_n if_o we_o except_o those_o who_o have_v any_o honour_n and_o title_n of_o some_o particular_a order_n send_v they_o from_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n england_n and_o denmark_n for_o from_o these_o prince_n several_a duke_n count_n and_o other_o grandee_n of_o the_o empire_n receive_v the_o honorary_a title_n of_o knight_n of_o the_o golden_a fleece_n the_o garter_n and_o the_o elephant_n the_o teutonic_n order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o which_o we_o have_v speak_v something_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o prussia_n be_v first_o institute_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o acon_n or_o ptolemais_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n although_o jacob_n de_fw-fr vitriaco_n polydore_n vergilius_n gretser_n and_o several_a other_o historian_n of_o good_a note_n make_v the_o order_n much_o more_o ancient_a after_o the_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o christian_n these_o new_a knight_n who_o be_v most_o of_o they_o citizen_n of_o lubec_n and_o bremen_n fix_v themselves_o at_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o the_o virgin_n mary_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v sometime_o style_v equites_fw-la mariani_n here_o they_o be_v settle_v under_o henry_n walpot_n von_fw-mi passenheim_n their_o first_o great_a master_n in_o the_o year_n 1190._o afterward_o when_o the_o christian_n be_v beat_v out_o of_o syria_n they_o remove_v to_o venice_n and_o thence_o to_o marpurg_n in_o hassia_n where_o as_o in_o several_a other_o part_n of_o germany_n their_o convent_n be_v endow_v with_o fair_a revenue_n whence_o some_o fancy_n they_o first_o get_v the_o name_n of_o equites_fw-la
and_o many_o other_o superstition_n they_o seem_v to_o have_v borrow_v from_o the_o roman_n who_o come_v into_o this_o country_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o palaemon_n hence_o they_o use_v to_o burn_v their_o dead_a expect_v say_v cajalowicz_n part_n i._o hist_n lithv_n lib._n 5._o p._n 140._o a_o resurrection_n out_o of_o the_o ash_n at_o the_o come_n of_o a_o strange_a god_n to_o judge_v the_o whole_a earth_n from_o the_o top_n of_o one_o of_o their_o mountain_n from_o these_o idolatrous_a practice_n they_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n their_o great_a duke_n who_o a._n d._n 1386_o upon_o his_o marriage_n with_o hedvig_a queen_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n and_o be_v baptize_v at_o cracow_n by_o john_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a pious_a and_o zealous_a prince_n and_o exceed_v diligent_a in_o bring_v over_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n at_o the_o first_o he_o meet_v with_o no_o small_a opposition_n but_o when_o the_o king_n have_v cut_v down_o their_o tall_a tree_n the_o temple_n of_o their_o heathenish_a god_n and_o not_o mischief_n befall_v he_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o think_v their_o idol_n will_v never_o take_v this_o affront_n if_o able_a to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o therefore_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o listen_v to_o their_o prince_n advice_n whereupon_o the_o king_n immediate_o build_v a_o cathedral_n and_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o vilna_n and_o the_o queen_n furnish_v seven_o parish_n church_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n with_o chalice_n vestment_n and_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o divine_a service_n the_o russian_n at_o that_o time_n as_o most_o of_o they_o be_v still_o be_v member_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o king_n think_v good_a to_o forbid_v marriage_n with_o a_o russ_n that_o will_v not_o conform_v to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n at_o this_o day_n many_o lithvanians_n be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n though_o more_o of_o the_o roman_a in_o vilna_n and_o several_a other_o great_a town_n vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v lutheran_n the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v divide_v into_o ten_o palatinate_n the_o metropolis_n and_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v vilna_n the_o next_o be_v the_o palatinate_n of_o troki_n 3._o minsko_n 4._o novogrod_n 5._o breast_n 6._o volhinia_n 7._o kiow_n 8._o miecislaw_n 9_o vitebsk_v 10._o poloxko_n vilna_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n vilensski_n by_o the_o german_n die_v wild_a have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o house_n be_v general_o low_a and_o mean_a all_o of_o wood_n except_v only_o in_o some_o street_n where_o merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n that_o resort_n hither_o for_o trade_n have_v build_v themselves_o more_o then_o ordinary_a gentile_a one_o of_o stone_n most_o of_o the_o church_n be_v of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n the_o suburb_n be_v not_o build_v here_o as_o at_o 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carcase_n of_o he_o he_o slay_v there_o be_v not_o one_o public_a hospital_n in_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o it_o stand_v in_o more_o need_n of_o such_o a_o provision_n then_o any_o place_n in_o europe_n if_o we_o may_v judge_v by_o the_o swarm_n of_o beggar_n every_o street_n afford_v the_o only_a piece_n of_o neat_a building_n be_v the_o monastery_n of_o bernardine_n monk_n all_o of_o hew_a stone_n the_o moscovian_a company_n of_o merchant_n have_v also_o a_o considerable_o handsome_a structure_n build_v for_o a_o repository_n of_o fur_n ermine_n and_o other_o rich_a merchandise_n bring_v from_o moscow_n the_o great_a duke_n palace_n have_v nothing_o of_o note_n in_o it_o but_o the_o armoury_n which_o be_v admirable_o furnish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o arm_n and_o armour_n consider_v that_o lithvania_n itself_o afford_v no_o mine_n of_o brass_n or_o iron_n about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o vilna_n the_o great_a duke_n have_v another_o palace_n call_v from_o its_o situation_n wersupa_n that_o be_v near_o the_o water_n build_v by_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n all_o of_o wood_n and_o beautify_v with_o a_o park_n and_o pleasant_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lithvania_n have_v little_a in_o they_o observable_a save_v that_o they_o give_v title_n to_o palatine_n and_o duke_n what_o number_n there_o be_v of_o these_o last_o may_v be_v easy_o guess_v by_o what_o be_v report_v of_o vitoldus_n once_o great_a duke_n that_o he_o have_v no_o less_o than_o fifty_o duke_n at_o once_o in_o his_o army_n samogitia_n this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o wet_a samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n signify_v a_o marshy_a ground_n whence_o the_o moscovite_n call_v it_o samotzkasemla_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o liefland_n on_o the_o east_n and_o south_n with_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o lithvania_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o 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have_v be_v whereupon_o the_o people_n attribute_v the_o miscarriage_n to_o the_o new_a device_n grow_v so_o enrage_v that_o the_o governor_n be_v glad_a to_o decry_v the_o experiment_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n when_o vladislaus_n jagello_n have_v convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o lithvania_n he_o endeavour_v to_o bring_v the_o samogitian_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n he_o go_v himself_o into_o this_o country_n and_o burn_v up_o their_o hallow_a grove_n and_o destroy_v the_o serpent_n and_o other_o creature_n they_o worship_v with_o threat_n and_o promise_v make_v they_o vow_n to_o abandon_v their_o former_a idolatry_n and_o worship_v the_o true_a god_n and_o for_o fear_v that_o when_o his_o back_n be_v turn_v they_o may_v relapse_n into_o their_o former_a heathenism_n he_o found_v a_o bishopric_n at_o mzdniki_n endow_v it_o with_o a_o revenue_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o bishop_n and_o twelve_o prebend_n who_o be_v to_o officiate_v at_o so_o many_o parish_n church_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n howbeit_o the_o good_a king_n be_v not_o so_o successful_a in_o his_o undertake_n nor_o his_o successor_n so_o vigilant_a in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n but_o that_o to_o this_o day_n many_o poor_a ignorant_a idolater_n may_v be_v find_v in_o the_o desert_a part_n of_o this_o country_n these_o like_o the_o lithvanians_n speak_v of_o before_o worship_v a_o four_o footed_a serpent_n about_o three_o hand_n long_o call_v in_o their_o tongue_n givosit_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n god_n you_o shall_v scarce_o find_v a_o family_n if_o any_o mischief_n befall_v they_o they_o think_v it_o be_v because_o the_o little_a deity_n have_v not_o be_v well_o attend_v another_o piece_n of_o heathenish_a superstition_n be_v still_o retain_v by_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n about_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o
of_o lechus_n the_o first_o other_o think_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomey_n carodunum_fw-la corrupt_v into_o cracow_n this_o city_n as_o it_o be_v the_o large_a so_o it_o be_v the_o best_a build_v of_o any_o one_o in_o poland_n cromer_n set_v it_o in_o competition_n with_o the_o best_a build_v city_n of_o germany_n or_o italy_n but_o we_o must_v allow_v he_o to_o stretch_v a_o little_a more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o commendation_n of_o his_o own_o country_n the_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o freestone_n and_o four_o or_o five_o story_n high_a but_o cover_v with_o board_n instead_o of_o slat_n there_o be_v in_o it_o a_o considerable_a company_n of_o italian_a and_o german_a merchant_n who_o bring_v in_o such_o foreign_a ware_n as_o the_o country_n stand_v in_o need_n of_o it_o consist_v like_a london_n and_o paris_n of_o three_o part_n 1._o cracow_n proper_o so_o call_v or_o the_o ancient_a city_n 2._o cazimiria_n join_v to_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o wooden_a bridge_n across_o the_o vistula_n 3._o stradomia_fw-la which_o lie_v between_o cracow_n and_o the_o bridge_n the_o king_n palace_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n whence_o it_o overlook_v both_o city_n and_o country_n it_o be_v rebuilt_a in_o the_o magnificent_a posture_n it_o now_o stand_v by_o sigismond_n the_o elder_a who_o add_v the_o gallery_n on_o the_o north_n side_n from_o whence_o you_o have_v one_o of_o the_o best_a prospect_n in_o europe_n the_o university_n of_o cracow_n be_v first_o begin_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a finish_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n in_o performance_n of_o the_o last_o will_v and_o testament_n of_o his_o queen_n hedwig_n and_o have_v its_o privilege_n confirm_v to_o it_o by_o pope_n vrban_n in_o the_o year_n 1549_o the_o scholar_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o general_a consent_n leave_v the_o university_n upon_o a_o affront_n put_v on_o they_o by_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n who_o refuse_v to_o execute_v justice_n upon_o the_o servant_n of_o andrew_n czarnkowski_n when_o in_o a_o quarrel_n they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o student_n and_o disperse_v themselves_o into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n whence_o return_v lutheran_n they_o spread_v the_o reform_a opinion_n all_o poland_n over_o and_o get_v great_a number_n of_o proselyte_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o this_o kingdom_n miecislaus_fw-la the_o first_o who_o begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o cracow_n be_v make_v a_o archbishopric_n but_o within_o a_o hundred_o year_n after_o lampert_n zula_n refuse_v to_o receive_v his_o pall_n from_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n as_o his_o predecessor_n have_v do_v before_o he_o it_o degenerate_v into_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a which_o begin_v a.d._n 1226_o asleep_o contest_v arise_v between_o jvo_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o vratislaw_n about_o precedency_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n upon_o his_o submissive_a appeal_n to_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o archbishop_n which_o only_o last_v during_o his_o life_n at_o this_o day_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n wear_v a_o archbishops_n pall_n set_v rich_o with_o jewel_n which_o be_v the_o only_a relic_n they_o have_v of_o their_o ancient_a honour_n the_o next_o palatinate_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n sendomir_n sendomir_n be_v that_o of_o sendomir_n the_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o a_o castle_n both_o build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o afterward_o die_v of_o a_o surfeit_n by_o eat_v too_o free_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v reckon_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a in_o poland_n here_o be_v nothing_o else_o worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o monastery_n of_o dominican_n friar_n found_v by_o jvo_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n be_v take_v out_o of_o that_o of_o sendomir_n as_o be_v too_o big_a for_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o one_o palatine_a by_o casimir_n jagellonides_n lublin_n lublin_n the_o city_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o well_o build_v and_o much_o frequent_v especial_o in_o the_o fair_n keep_v three_o time_n a_o year_n by_o christian_n jewish_a and_o turkish_a merchant_n it_o be_v much_o better_a fortifve_v by_o the_o marsh_n which_o environ_v it_o than_o its_o wall_n and_o more_o beholden_a to_o nature_n for_o its_o defence_n then_o either_o casimir_n the_o great_a who_o wall_v it_o round_o or_o the_o russian_n who_o build_v the_o adjoin_a castle_n the_o great_a church_n in_o it_o be_v build_v by_o lescus_n the_o black_a upon_o a_o great_a conquest_n obtain_v against_o the_o lithvanians_n near_o this_o city_n and_o dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n who_o in_o a_o vision_n the_o night_n before_o the_o battle_n have_v promise_v he_o good_a success_n st._n bridget_n monastery_n among_o many_o other_o magnificent_a one_o be_v found_v by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n one_o of_o the_o two_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n from_o which_o no_o appeal_n lie_v save_v to_o the_o parliament_n of_o poland_n be_v keep_v at_o lublin_n hither_o for_o judgement_n in_o controversy_n of_o any_o great_a moment_n repair_v the_o palatinate_v of_o cracow_n sendomir_n russia_n podolia_n lublin_n belze_n podlassia_n volhinia_n braclaw_n kiow_n and_o czernichow_n or_o at_o least_o so_o many_o of_o they_o as_o be_v still_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n of_o other_o country_n and_o province_n to_o which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v former_o pretend_v a_o title_n by_o conquest_n contract_n or_o otherwise_o beside_o the_o place_n mention_v and_o at_o present_a subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o king_n of_o that_o nation_n have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n lay_v claim_n to_o many_o and_o large_a territory_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o other_o prince_n omit_v bohemia_n moravia_n wagria_n misnia_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o rugen_n mecklenburg_n and_o lunenburg_n which_o whatever_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n assert_v and_o endeavour_v to_o make_v good_a be_v very_o little_a or_o not_o at_o all_o subject_n to_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n who_o be_v the_o only_a king_n that_o ever_o can_v plausible_o pretend_v a_o title_n to_o any_o part_n of_o they_o we_o shall_v confine_v our_o discourse_n to_o those_o country_n to_o which_o the_o polonian_a prince_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v have_v a_o more_o just_a and_o legal_a title_n that_o all_o or_o most_o of_o silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o poland_n silesia_n silesia_n in_o the_o day_n of_o lechus_n the_o first_o and_o several_a of_o his_o successor_n be_v high_o probable_a from_o the_o writing_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n who_o both_o of_o they_o make_v the_o river_n other_o the_o bound_n of_o poland_n beside_o the_o german_a chronologer_n tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a ludovicus_n pius_n and_o other_o emperor_n conquer_v the_o silesian_n and_o make_v they_o tributary_n to_o the_o empire_n but_o the_o polish_v historian_n upon_o what_o ground_n i_o know_v not_o be_v general_o positive_a in_o assert_v that_o silesia_n be_v always_o without_o any_o such_o intermission_n or_o conquest_n as_o the_o german_n strive_v to_o make_v out_o a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n only_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n agree_v with_o the_o german_n affirm_v that_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n among_o his_o many_o other_o conquest_n regain_v selucia_n as_o he_o call_v it_o and_o leave_v it_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n after_o his_o time_n we_o find_v that_o casimir_n the_o first_o translate_v the_o bishopric_n of_o bicine_n to_o vratislaw_n whence_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o his_o day_n silesia_n be_v part_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o poland_n not_o long_o after_o henry_n the_o iv_o emperor_n of_o germany_n in_o the_o diet_n at_o munster_n a.d._n 1086_o make_v over_o silesia_n lusatia_n and_o indeed_o all_o poland_n to_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o as_o cromer_n say_v he_o have_v no_o right_n to_o a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o any_o of_o they_o whereupon_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a war_n betwixt_o the_o bohemian_o and_o pole_n wherein_o it_o be_v to_o be_v conjecture_v the_o latter_a have_v the_o better_a since_o all_o historian_n agree_v that_o silesia_n be_v under_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n government_n during_o the_o whole_a reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o three_o his_o son_n vladislaus_n the_o second_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o brethren_n who_o be_v leave_v coheir_n with_o he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n flee_v first_o to_o the_o emperor_n frederick_n the_o first_o who_o bring_v boleslaus_n crispus_n duke_n of_o poland_n and_o brother_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o such_o strait_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o resign_v all_o silesia_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o his_o brother_n child_n but_o upon_o condition_n they_o shall_v
to_o teach_v he_o and_o his_o subject_n in_o that_o religion_n ethelred_n according_o order_v sigfridus_n archbishop_n of_o york_n and_o with_o he_o two_o priest_n eschillas_n and_o davidus_fw-la to_o go_v into_o sweden_n where_o the_o king_n kind_o receive_v they_o be_v by_o they_o baptize_v and_o at_o their_o entreaty_n build_v christian_a church_n in_o most_o province_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o great_a constancy_n and_o zeal_n in_o his_o religion_n have_v the_o name_n of_o christianissimus_a give_v he_o he_o among_o several_a good_a law_n and_o constitution_n order_v that_o the_o chief_a power_n of_o elect_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n shall_v not_o belong_v to_o the_o goth_n in_o any_o case_n but_o principal_o to_o the_o swede_n and_o that_o they_o before_o call_v king_n of_o vpsal_n shall_v be_v thenceforth_o style_v king_n of_o swedland_n and_o gothland_n this_o king_n suppress_v duel_v and_o the_o runick_a character_n introduce_v the_o trial_n by_o fire_n ordeal_o and_o die_v in_o a_o happy_a old_a age_n 98._o anundus_fw-la nickname_v carbonarius_n because_o he_o order_v that_o whosoever_o offend_v against_o the_o law_n which_o he_o have_v promulgate_v shall_v in_o proportion_n to_o the_o crime_n either_o have_v all_o his_o house_n or_o part_n of_o it_o burn_v down_o he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n by_o the_o care_n of_o his_o father_n olaus_n which_o in_o his_o reign_n he_o defend_v and_o die_v peaceable_o 99_o enundus_fw-la base-son_n to_o olaus_n and_o brother_n to_o anundus_n surname_v gammel_n i._n e._n base_a from_o his_o contempt_n of_o religion_n or_o as_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n because_o he_o yield_v up_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o denmark_n schonen_fw-mi blekingia_n and_o hallandia_n which_o belong_v to_o he_o as_o be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gothia_n 100_o haquinus_fw-la iii_o surname_v rufus_n 101._o stenchillus_n ii_o breed_v up_o in_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o he_o very_o much_o encourage_v among_o his_o subject_n make_v his_o palace_n a_o sanctuary_n for_o any_o that_o be_v persecute_v in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n for_o that_o profession_n 102._o ingo_n iii_o not_o descend_v from_o the_o blood-royal_a but_o for_o his_o singular_a virtue_n elect_v king_n by_o the_o voice_n of_o the_o people_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v so_o exact_a a_o observer_n of_o his_o own_o law_n that_o he_o never_o offend_v against_o any_o of_o they_o 103._o halstanus_n a_o just_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n 104._o philippus_n 105._o ingo_n iu._n in_o his_o progress_n through_o his_o dominion_n by_o some_o of_o his_o courtier_n poison_a at_o a_o small_a village_n in_o ostrogothia_a 106._o ragvaldus_n surname_v knaphofde_v i._n e._n cock-brained_a elect_v by_o the_o swede_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o goth_n which_o they_o not_o endure_v as_o think_v it_o a_o breach_n of_o their_o privilege_n rebel_v against_o he_o and_o in_o battle_n slay_v he_o for_o one_o to_o succeed_v he_o both_o nation_n pitch_v upon_o 107._o suercherus_fw-la two_o who_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o church_n on_o christmas_n day_n be_v by_o a_o ruffian_n employ_v by_o one_o scatelerus_n who_o hope_v to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n after_o his_o death_n miserable_o assassinate_v gothick_n king_n out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n who_o reign_v over_o the_o goth_n while_o they_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n vistula_n or_o weissel_n and_o also_o in_o dacia_n and_o thracia_n near_o that_o time_n when_o according_a to_o some_o author_n they_o divide_v themselves_o into_o ostro_fw-la and_o westro-goth_n 1._o anthinus_n 2._o antheas_n 3._o gothilas_n a_o famous_a queen_n who_o daughter_n medumpa_n be_v marry_v to_o philip_n king_n of_o macedonia_n 4._o sitalcus_fw-la elect_v king_n an._n ante_fw-la christum_fw-la 300._o he_o with_o a_o army_n of_o 150000_o man_n lay_v waste_v all_o the_o country_n of_o greece_n 5._o dromgethes_n 6._o tanobonta_fw-la 7._o boroista_n cotemporary_a with_o sylla_n the_o roman_a dictator_n who_o live_v an._n aunt_n nat_n christ_n 76._o 8._o commositus_fw-la both_o king_n and_o priest_n 9_o corillus_fw-la under_o who_o conduct_n the_o goth_n say_v lazius_n first_o of_o all_o invade_v dacia_n 10._o dorpaneus_n co-temporary_a with_o domitian_n the_o roman_a emperor_n an._n christ_n 83._o 11._o decebalus_n 12._o ostrogotha_n 13._o cinna_z or_o omba_n 14._o cannabas_n or_o canabande_n 15._o hildericus_n surname_v ovida_fw-la who_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o constantine_n the_o great_a 16._o gebeticus_fw-la 17._o armanaricus_n who_o be_v say_v damasc_n suppl_n eutrop._n overcome_v by_o the_o hunns_n and_o make_v tributary_n to_o they_o 18._o vinnitarius_n 19_o hunimundus_n 20._o totismundus_n 21._o alaricus_n and_o fridigernus_n who_o as_o lazius_n mention_n reign_v at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o thracia_n they_o defeat_v the_o roman_a force_n send_v against_o they_o command_v by_o valens_n the_o emperor_n who_o they_o put_v to_o flight_n and_o apprehend_v he_o in_o a_o small_a cottage_n whither_o he_o have_v flee_v to_o hide_v himself_o burn_v he_o to_o death_n 23._o theomarus_n who_o conquer_v maesia_n 24._o radagaisus_n who_o to_o maesia_n add_v a_o great_a part_n of_o pannonia_n an._n christ_n 390._o 25._o alvaricus_n a_o potent_a king_n 26._o alaricus_n ii_o who_o subdue_v all_o illyricum_n and_o extend_v his_o arm_n as_o far_o as_o italy_n arcadius_n and_o honorius_n son_n to_o theodosius_n the_o emperor_n either_o for_o some_o private_a end_n wish_v the_o success_n or_o not_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o power_n of_o his_o force_n and_o thereupon_o not_o timely_a prevent_v his_o design_n he_o sack_v rome_n subdue_v naples_n and_o overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n but_o at_o last_o the_o goth_n be_v by_o stilico_n general_n of_o the_o roman_a army_n driven_z out_o of_o italy_n and_o after_o their_o departure_n thence_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v sit_v down_o in_o france_n the_o ostrogothish_a king_n who_o rule_v in_o italy_n according_a to_o wolf_n lazius_n 1._o alaricus_n i._o 2._o theodericus_fw-la who_o leo_n or_o as_o scalig._n zeno_n the_o emperor_n make_v his_o adopt_a son_n he_o expel_v the_o heruli_n out_o of_o italy_n and_o whole_o subject_v it_o to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o goth_n he_o have_v one_o daughter_n name_v amalasuentha_n 3._o theodatus_fw-la or_o as_o jornandes_n have_v it_o eutharicus_fw-la call_v out_o of_o france_n by_o the_o italic_a goth_n to_o be_v their_o king_n 4._o alaricus_n two_o though_o he_o be_v the_o first_o of_o that_o name_n who_o settle_v in_o italy_n 5._o alaricus_n iii_o 6._o athalaricus_n who_o have_v one_o only_a daughter_n who_o he_o marry_v to_o vittigis_fw-la who_o maintain_v a_o war_n against_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n for_o about_o fourteen_o year_n and_o defend_v himself_o brave_o against_o the_o roman_a power_n 7._o illovadus_n he_o be_v kill_v in_o battle_n by_o narses_n the_o roman_a general_n 8._o alaricus_n iu._n who_o reign_v only_o five_o month_n 9_o totylas_n or_o odilo_n 10._o teias_n the_o last_o gothish_a king_n in_o italy_n who_o himself_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o his_o people_n almost_o all_o root_v out_o and_o destroy_v by_o they_o some_o few_o only_o remain_v who_o mix_v and_o incorporate_n with_o the_o italian_n at_o present_a pass_n for_o the_o same_o nation_n with_o they_o westro_n or_o wiso-gothick_a king_n who_o reign_v in_o gallia_n lugdunensis_n and_o aquitanica_fw-la 1._o alaricus_n i._n who_o as_o be_v say_v conduct_v the_o gothick_n people_n into_o those_o part_n an._n salut_n 411._o 2._o austulphus_n son_n to_o alaricus_n 3._o theodericus_fw-la kill_v by_o attyla_n king_n of_o the_o hunns_n 4._o turismundus_n son_n to_o theodericus_fw-la who_o to_o revenge_v his_o father_n death_n wage_v war_n with_o the_o hunns_n and_o overcome_v they_o 5._o dietmarus_n in_o who_o time_n a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o goth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o vallia_n go_v into_o spain_n 6._o gundoccarus_n in_o the_o time_n of_o theodosius_n junior_a after_o his_o reign_n the_o goth_n in_o these_o part_n grow_v inconsiderable_a as_o intermix_v themselves_o with_o other_o people_n and_o not_o have_v a_o distinct_a king_n of_o their_o own_o but_o be_v subject_v to_o many_z other_o prince_n beside_o these_o gothish_a king_n which_o we_o have_v mention_v there_o be_v many_o other_o who_o rule_v over_o the_o wisogoth_n in_o spain_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n a_o catalogue_n of_o who_o we_o leave_v to_o be_v set_v down_o in_o spain_n and_o arragon_n and_o the_o kingdom_n where_o they_o reign_v for_o the_o goth_n in_o those_o part_n blending_a with_o the_o romani_n alani_n suevi_n mauri_n saraceni_n etc._n etc._n do_v not_o so_o much_o continue_v a_o distinct_a nation_n of_o themselves_o as_o become_v a_o people_n incorporate_v with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n or_o these_o with_o the_o goth_n so_o that_o they_o be_v rule_v by_o
heathen_a slavonian_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d at_o their_o first_o come_v into_o this_o country_n bring_v with_o they_o a_o great_a many_o idol_n god_n who_o they_o worship_v as_o the_o only_a protector_n and_o saviour_n of_o their_o nation_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o they_o call_v pron_z or_o peron_n which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v the_o same_o thing_n as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o jupiter_n intonans_fw-la this_o be_v their_o god_n of_o god_n divum_fw-la pater_fw-la atque_fw-la hominum_fw-la rex_fw-la and_o worship_v with_o the_o same_o reverence_n as_o thor_n among_o the_o ancient_a saxon_n but_o this_o god_n be_v at_o last_o for_o some_o misdemeanour_n or_o other_o throw_v out_o of_o favour_n and_o the_o honour_n confer_v on_o swanto-wit_n a_o idol_n who_o temple_n stand_v at_o julinum_n or_o wollin_n in_o pomeren_n in_o those_o day_n the_o large_a city_n in_o europe_n some_o small_a remembrance_n of_o this_o god_n they_o retain_v to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v usual_a for_o friend_n shake_v hand_n to_o use_v this_o mutual_a compellation_n witeg_n witeg_n or_o witam_n te_fw-la in_o which_o they_o still_o seem_v to_o own_o the_o idol_n wit_n for_o their_o god_n christianity_n begin_v first_o to_o be_v profess_v in_o the_o kingdom_n about_o the_o year_n 894_o in_o which_o it_o be_v say_v duke_n borsivogius_n be_v baptize_v by_o methodius_n the_o saint_n of_o bohemia_n this_o methodius_n be_v a_o prelate_n of_o the_o greek_a church_n so_o that_o the_o clergy_n of_o bohemia_n do_v not_o for_o some_o age_n acknowledge_v the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n supremacy_n the_o reformation_n be_v first_o begin_v here_o upon_o this_o occasion_n a_o young_a gentleman_n of_o this_o country_n travel_v into_o england_n and_o visit_v our_o university_n have_v here_o at_o oxford_n the_o opportunity_n of_o transcribe_v several_a tract_n write_v by_o our_o british_a author_n among_o other_o thing_n he_o chance_v to_o light_v upon_o some_o of_o john_n wicliff_n work_n copy_n of_o 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thus_o abolish_v the_o bohemian_o have_v content_v themselves_o with_o the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n grant_v they_o by_o their_o king_n but_o grow_v infolent_a as_o their_o number_n increase_v they_o begin_v first_o to_o mutiny_v against_o the_o emperor_n minister_n of_o state_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o emperor_n mathias_n fall_v into_o a_o open_a rebellion_n this_o prove_v at_o last_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n which_o be_v now_o nowhere_o profess_v but_o in_o some_o by-corner_n and_o hole_n of_o the_o kingdom_n so_o unprosperous_a a_o thing_n be_v rebellion_n for_o the_o sake_n of_o religion_n the_o bohemian_a language_n as_o well_o as_o the_o russian_a polonian_a croatian_a and_o wendish_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o ancient_a slavonian_a a_o tongue_n so_o copious_a and_o sweet_a that_o the_o old_a lawgiver_n of_o this_o country_n as_o appear_v from_o several_a of_o their_o municipal_a law_n be_v zealous_a in_o command_v the_o true_a and_o primitive_a pronunciation_n and_o orthography_n of_o it_o to_o be_v keep_v up_o but_o this_o unhappiness_n attend_v the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o wellwisher_n to_o their_o country_n that_o they_o have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o any_o letter_n but_o the_o ruthenian_a character_n a_o alphabet_n exceed_o imperfect_a and_o whole_o unfit_a for_o the_o polish_n of_o a_o language_n afterward_o when_o the_o prince_n of_o bohemia_n begin_v to_o maintain_v a_o correspondence_n with_o their_o neighbour_n in_o germany_n the_o roman_a letter_n be_v bring_v in_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v their_o tongue_n be_v refine_v with_o better_a success_n however_o the_o modern_a bohemian_o be_v as_o negligent_a in_o this_o particular_a as_o their_o ancestor_n be_v careful_a nay_o most_o man_n of_o fashion_n in_o the_o kingdom_n look_v upon_o it_o as_o scandalous_a to_o speak_v their_o own_o mother-tongue_n in_o its_o purity_n and_o therefore_o talk_v ordinary_o either_o the_o german_a language_n entire_a or_o else_o the_o bohemian_a mix_v and_o mangle_v with_o a_o great_a many_o outlandish_a word_n and_o bombast_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n prague_n be_v the_o merropolis_n of_o this_o kingdom_n prague_n prague_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a place_n on_o the_o great_a river_n moldau_n what_o name_v it_o have_v before_o the_o bohemian_o come_v into_o this_o country_n be_v not_o to_o be_v learn_v out_o of_o any_o of_o their_o record_n but_o they_o it_o seem_v call_v it_o boioheim_n or_o the_o chief_a residence_n of_o the_o bohemian_a prince_n it_o be_v modern_a name_n be_v give_v it_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o come_n in_o of_o the_o slavonian_n with_o zechus_n boregius_n give_v this_o blind_a account_n of_o the_o original_n of_o this_o name_n some_o of_o the_o slavonian_n come_v to_o this_o town_n and_o find_v they_o busy_a in_o building_n inquire_v of_o one_o of_o the_o workman_n who_o as_o it_o chance_v be_v make_v a_o threshold_n which_o in_o his_o language_n be_v call_v prah_n what_o they_o be_v a_o make_n receive_v answer_v prah_n as_o the_o town_n be_v afterward_o name_v it_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o old_a new_a and_o little_a city_n which_o latter_a be_v separate_v from_o the_o two_o former_a by_o the_o moldau_n this_o great_a city_n be_v compare_v by_o aeneas_n silvius_n to_o florence_n in_o italy_n and_o our_o countryman_n dr._n brown_n who_o have_v see_v both_o and_o be_v curious_a enough_o in_o his_o observation_n tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v much_o large_a and_o more_o populous_a than_o florence_n that_o the_o river_n arno_n which_o run_v through_o florence_n be_v not_o comparable_a to_o the_o moldau_n at_o prague_n but_o then_o he_o tell_v we_o the_o pave_v of_o the_o street_n at_o florence_n the_o cathedral_n st._n laurence_n chapel_n and_o the_o duke_n palace_n outstrip_v any_o thing_n that_o prague_n can_v boast_v of_o because_o the_o three_o partition_n of_o the_o town_n before_o mention_v be_v distinct_a corporation_n we_o shall_v describe_v they_o separately_z beginning_n with_o 1._o the_o old_a town_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n moldau_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o full_a of_o fair_a house_n build_v after_o a_o old_a fashion_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o town_n stand_v the_o university_n which_o have_v nothing_o stately_a in_o it_o but_o the_o jesuit_n college_n the_o historian_n of_o bohemia_n report_n strange_a thing_n of_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o scholar_n which_o have_v be_v resident_a at_o once_o in_o this_o university_n lewis_n du_fw-fr may_n counsellor_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o wirtenberg_n in_o his_o incomparable_a dialogue_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n say_v there_o be_v hardly_o at_o this_o day_n so_o many_o student_n to_o be_v find_v in_o all_o germany_n as_o be_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1409_o when_o j._n huss_n himself_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v forty_o thousand_o scholar_n it_o be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n and_o be_v still_o the_o only_a university_n in_o bohemia_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a observation_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o as_o be_v report_v no_o fly_n will_v touch_v any_o flesh_n expose_v to_o sale_n in_o the_o shambles_n here_o let_v the_o weather_n be_v never_o so_o hot_a the_o jew_n inhabit_v a_o good_a share_n of_o this_o old_a town_n which_o from_o they_o be_v call_v die_v juden-statt_a or_o the_o city_n of_o the_o jew_n they_o be_v very_o rich_a trade_v in_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n but_o especial_o in_o jewel_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n find_v in_o the_o mine_n of_o bohemia_n 2._o the_o new_a town_n be_v former_o separate_v from_o the_o old_a by_o a_o wall_n or_o ditch_n but_o now_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o part_v they_o but_o a_o trench_n into_o which_o they_o can_v let_v in_o the_o moldau_n at_o pleasure_n in_o this_o
near_a distance_n betwixt_o the_o two_o place_n measure_v by_o the_o arc_n of_o a_o great_a circle_n be_v the_o other_o side_n but_o this_o case_n have_v so_o many_o variety_n and_o intricacy_n that_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o set_v down_o the_o whole_a operation_n especial_o because_o it_o be_v in_o effect_n the_o same_o problem_n with_o that_o in_o navigation_n have_v the_o difference_n of_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n betwixt_o two_o place_n to_o find_v out_o the_o degree_n of_o the_o rumb_n lead_v to_o they_o which_o may_v be_v more_o proper_o demonstrate_v in_o another_o volume_n to_o be_v set_v forth_o concern_v such_o matter_n a_o easy_a method_n and_o sufficient_o accurate_a for_o ordinary_a use_n be_v to_o extend_v your_o compass_n from_o one_o place_n to_o the_o other_o and_o then_o to_o apply_v they_o to_o the_o equator_fw-la and_o mark_v how_o many_o degree_n they_o set_v off_o there_o which_o be_v multiply_v by_o 60_o give_v their_o distance_n in_o mile_n but_o indeed_o the_o most_o accurate_a observer_n find_v that_o about_o 66_o mile_n and_o a_o quarter_n answer_v to_o a_o degree_n in_o the_o equator_fw-la so_o that_o 60_o be_v use_v only_o for_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o number_n and_o readiness_n of_o computation_n every_o mile_n according_a to_o this_o rate_n answer_v to_o a_o minute_n which_o will_v be_v a_o very_a strange_a and_o happy_a chance_n if_o it_o be_v exact_o so_o this_o may_v be_v discover_v by_o several_a way_n but_o the_o most_o practicable_a and_o certain_a be_v by_o take_v the_o height_n of_o the_o pole_n at_o two_o place_n distant_a northward_o one_o from_o the_o other_o about_o a_o hundred_o mile_n or_o as_o much_o more_o as_o may_v be_v and_o then_o take_v the_o true_a distance_n and_o situation_n of_o one_o place_n from_o the_o other_o by_o a_o large_a survey_a instrument_n and_o scale_n make_v by_o a_o accurate_a workman_n not_o go_v always_o along_o the_o highway_n but_o from_o bystation_n observe_v church_n and_o such_o remarkable_a place_n the_o mile_n and_o other_o measure_n be_v so_o much_o different_a in_o one_o nation_n from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o another_o yea_o in_o one_o part_n of_o the_o same_o nation_n from_o what_o they_o be_v in_o another_o that_o they_o can_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n and_o uncertainty_n be_v reduce_v to_o one_o common_a standard_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o often_o in_o the_o same_o map_n we_o have_v a_o triple_a scale_n of_o mile_n the_o long_a short_a and_o mean_a one_o the_o italian_a mile_n be_v common_o reckon_v equal_a to_o the_o english_a two_o of_o these_o make_v a_o french_a league_n somewhat_o more_o than_o three_o of_o they_o a_o spanish_a league_n four_o of_o they_o a_o german_a mile_n five_o and_o somewhat_o more_o a_o swedish_n or_o danish_a mile_n what_o have_v be_v far_o attempt_v for_o the_o reduction_n of_o short_a foreign_a measure_n to_o our_o english_a foot_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n 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kingdom_n of_o poland_n extend_v itself_o through_o the_o midst_n of_o europe_n from_o the_o baltic_a to_o the_o euxin_n sea_n comprehend_v on_o the_o north_n prussia_n litvania_n lifland_n on_o the_o east_n volinia_n podolia_n and_o southward_a moldavia_n walachia_n northwest_o of_o poland_n lie_v germany_n under_o several_a prince_n the_o emperor_n be_v the_o chief_a north_n of_o germany_n lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n to_o the_o west_n flanders_n or_o the_o low_a country_n under_o divers_a government_n and_o northwest_n of_o they_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n comprehend_v several_a island_n south-west_n of_o germany_n lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n more_o south_n the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n full_a south_n italy_n under_o several_a prince_n southeast_n of_o germany_n lie_v the_o great_a part_n of_o european_a turkey_n as_o hungary_n transylvania_n and_o more_o south_n croatia_n dalmatia_n and_o all_o greece_n there_o be_v in_o europe_n etc._n empire_n etc._n etc._n three_o empire_n that_o of_o muscovy_n the_o roman_a empire_n and_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o turk_n ten_o kingdom_n sweden_n denmark_n poland_n hungary_n bohemia_n england_n france_n spain_n portugal_n and_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n nine_o commonwealth_n and_o about_o forty_o principality_n of_o which_o when_o we_o come_v to_o particular_a country_n language_n original_n language_n the_o principal_a language_n speak_v in_o the_o northern_a and_o western_a part_n of_o europe_n may_v be_v reckon_v these_o three_o the_o ancient_a gothic_n the_o anglo-saxonic_a and_o the_o francic_n which_o also_o seem_v to_o be_v near_o akin_a or_o to_o have_v great_a affinity_n one_o with_o another_o and_o the_o late_a to_o be_v make_v up_o of_o the_o two_o former_a from_o the_o gothic_n which_o differ_v little_a from_o the_o old_a greek_a be_v derive_v the_o ancient_a cimbric_n and_o the_o modern_a language_n now_o speak_v in_o sweden_n denmark_n norway_n iseland_n the_o anglo-saxonic_a may_v seem_v to_o have_v give_v birth_n to_o the_o belgic_a or_o low_a dutch_a especial_o the_o ancient_a frisic_n and_o in_o great_a part_n to_o the_o english_a and_o scotch_a the_o francic_n be_v compound_v of_o the_o other_o two_o and_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o alamannic_n or_o theotisc_n whence_o the_o upper_a german_a language_n take_v its_o original_n the_o ancient_a british_a which_o seem_v also_o to_o be_v the_o celtish_a or_o gaulish_a the_o dialect_v whereof_o be_v still_o speak_v in_o some_o part_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o in_o britannia_n in_o france_n the_o cantabric_n also_o or_o the_o language_n of_o the_o biscainer_n in_o the_o northern_a mountain_n in_o spain_n be_v not_o much_o different_a and_o likewise_o the_o irish_a if_o not_o itself_o a_o dialect_n of_o the_o old_a cimbric_n as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v must_v be_v account_v a_o original_a language_n the_o turkish_a language_n be_v general_o speak_v in_o european_a turkey_n and_o also_o arabic_n be_v well_o understand_v by_o their_o learned_a man_n as_o be_v the_o language_n of_o the_o alkoran_n and_o be_v speak_v in_o some_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o granada_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n that_o live_v between_o tanais_n and_o the_o neiper_n speak_v the_o tartarian_a language_n as_o also_o the_o cossacs_n with_o some_o small_a difference_n the_o fin_n and_o laplander_n seem_v to_o have_v divers_a language_n both_o from_o one_o another_o and_o from_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o paisan-liflanders_a likewise_o have_v a_o different_a language_n to_o themselves_o the_o sclavonic_a language_n whether_o original_o one_o or_o many_o be_v still_o continue_a in_o divers_a region_n of_o europe_n as_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n divers_a country_n subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n in_o some_o part_n of_o hungary_n but_o the_o hungarian_a tongue_n proper_o so_o call_v be_v by_o the_o learned_a account_v a_o original_a language_n bohemia_n and_o sclavonia_n but_o with_o great_a difference_n than_o dialect_v of_o the_o same_o language_n use_v to_o be_v the_o ancient_a greek_a seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o mother_n of_o the_o old_a hetruscan_n oscan_n menapian_a and_o such_o other_o as_o be_v speak_v ancient_o in_o italy_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o few_o remainder_n still_o extant_a of_o they_o and_o therefore_o also_o of_o the_o latin_a in_o the_o opinion_n of_o many_o learned_a as_o the_o latin_a be_v of_o the_o present_a italian_a french_a spanish_a grison_n and_o some_o other_o language_n the_o greek_n itself_o though_o with_o great_a alteration_n be_v still_o continue_a in_o the_o continent_n and_o island_n of_o greece_n and_o some_o place_n near_o thereunto_o the_o glory_n of_o europe_n be_v its_o religion_n religion_n religion_n which_o in_o most_o part_n of_o it_o be_v but_o one_o though_o diverse_o profess_v greece_n with_o its_o island_n in_o the_o egean_a sea_n and_o other_o as_o far_o as_o corfu_n as_o also_o some_o part_n of_o croatia_n dalmatia_n together_o with_o muscovia_n walachia_n moldavia_n podolia_n volinia_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n with_o other_o neighbour_a country_n follow_v the_o greek_a church_n the_o latin_a church_n contain_v 1_o those_o of_o the_o reform_a religion_n and_o 2_o those_o of_o the_o roman_a 1._o the_o reform_a religion_n be_v embrace_v in_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n and_o the_o lesser_a island_n belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o with_o some_o diversity_n in_o sweden_n denmark_n holland_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n transylvania_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n 2._o the_o roman_a religion_n prevail_v in_o italy_n spain_n portugal_n france_n poland_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o other_o country_n mahumetanism_n be_v profess_v in_o european_a turkey_n by_o the_o great_a turk_n and_o his_o musselman_n the_o great_a ledg_n of_o mountain_n that_o have_v its_o beginning_n at_o the_o great_a western_a ocean_n mountain_n mountain_n first_o divide_v france_n and_o spain_n by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o pirenean_n hill_n and_o be_v thence_o continue_v through_o the_o south_n part_n of_o france_n till_o it_o cover_v italy_n and_o be_v there_o call_v the_o alps_o a_o branch_n of_o which_o run_v through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o italy_n have_v the_o name_n of_o the_o apennine_a mountain_n another_o branch_n be_v continue_v under_o divers_a name_n as_o the_o rhetian-hill_n through_o the_o country_n now_o call_v of_o the_o grison_n alps_n graiae_n noricae_n juliae_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o which_o have_v now_o divers_a name_n according_a to_o the_o several_a country_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v from_o italy_n they_o continue_v through_o stiria_n carinthia_n hungary_n transylvania_n moldavia_n to_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o branch_n out_o into_o divers_a other_o country_n of_o all_o which_o we_o shall_v treat_v more_o exact_o in_o the_o particular_a description_n the_o mountain_n of_o the_o north_n be_v not_o much_o discover_v one_o ledg_n of_o they_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o baltic_a to_o the_o northern_a ocean_n divide_v norway_n from_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n those_o in_o the_o utmost_a north_n ancient_o call_v riphaei_n and_o hyperborei_n have_v at_o this_o day_n lose_v those_o name_n consequent_o they_o be_v unknown_a except_o they_o be_v those_o which_o be_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v welikicamenopoias_n i_o e._n cingulum_n mundi_fw-la or_o the_o great_a rocky_a girdle_n of_o which_o as_o also_o of_o other_o mountain_n not_o here_o mention_v in_o their_o proper_a and_o particular_a place_n the_o sea_n that_o coast_n europe_n sea_n sea_n be_v the_o northern_a and_o western_a ocean_n the_o mediterranean_a sea_n and_o the_o euxin_n or_o black_a sea_n which_o also_o contain_v in_o they_o several_a lesser_a sea_n bay_n streights_n etc._n etc._n and_o have_v different_a name_n from_o the_o different_a shore_n they_o wash_v as_o mare_fw-la
common_o retire_v thither_o to_o hunt_v in_o the_o town_n be_v reckon_v near_o thirty_o thousand_o inhabitant_n east_n of_o this_o be_v the_o city_n and_o principality_n of_o wolodomir_n wolodomir_n wolodomir_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o the_o russes_z till_o ivan_n or_o danislow_n build_v moskow_n and_o translate_v the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n thither_o more_o out_o of_o danger_n of_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o soil_n so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o render_v frequent_o thirty_o for_o one_o the_o city_n be_v the_o second_o in_o the_o empire_n for_o greatness_n and_o be_v build_v by_o wolodomir_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a founder_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o 928._o some_o say_v that_o he_o marry_v helena_n the_o daughter_n of_o niceph._n phocas_n but_o the_o chronology_n will_v hardly_o permit_v it_o east_n of_o wolodomir_n be_v the_o city_n and_o province_n of_o nisi-novogrod_a in_o dutch_a nisen_n nieugarten_n or_o little_a novogrod_n nisi-novogrod_a nisi-novogrod_a some_o call_v it_o novogrod_v the_o low_a or_o in_o the_o low_a country_n a_o country_n very_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a this_o province_n also_o be_v the_o utmost_a limit_n of_o christianity_n for_o though_o the_o grand_a tzar_n have_v some_o dominion_n east_n of_o it_o even_o as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n and_o castle_n sura_n yet_o be_v most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o czremiss_a and_o mordwitz_n tartar_n and_o follow_v mahomet_n the_o city_n be_v in_o 56_o deg_fw-la 28_o min._n it_o be_v situate_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o river_n occa_fw-la and_o volga_n which_o be_v join_v make_v a_o river_n of_o four_o hundred_o geometrical_a foot_n broad_a it_o be_v inhabit_v by_o russes_z and_o german_n who_o have_v here_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o reform_a religion_n there_o be_v also_o a_o famous_a church_n build_v above_o six_o hundred_o year_n ago_o in_o imitation_n of_o that_o of_o st._n sophia_n in_o constantinople_n all_o provision_n be_v exceed_o cheap_a here_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o main_a rock_n with_o very_o great_a charge_n and_o trouble_v by_o the_o grand_a tzar_n vasilie_o ivanowich_n near_o to_o this_o be_v vasiligrod_n vasiligrod_n vasiligrod_n at_o 55_o deg_fw-la 51_o min._n where_o the_o sura_n fall_v into_o the_o volga_n between_o novogrod_n and_o cazan_n bezvodna_n kadniza_n rubotka_n tzetschina_fw-la targinit_n jurkin_n masa_n kremonki_n parmino_n beside_o other_o be_v large_a village_n in_o this_o province_n spessabelka_fw-mi stoba_n welikopat_fw-la tsimonskoy_n and_o dioploy_v be_v considerable_a island_n in_o the_o river_n the_o principality_n of_o casinow_n be_v also_o near_o to_o this_o casinow_n casinow_n the_o inhabitant_n speak_v the_o tartar_n language_n all_o their_o woman_n go_v with_o their_o head_n uncover_v and_o die_v the_o nail_n of_o their_o finger_n black_a wiatka_n or_o viathka_n a_o province_n city_n wiatka_n wiatka_n and_o river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n lie_v north_n of_o nisi-novogrod_a it_o be_v a_o barren_a marish_a country_n vasilie_o take_v it_o from_o the_o tartar_n and_o annex_v it_o to_o his_o crown_n and_o title_n yet_o the_o tartar_n still_o lurk_v and_o steal_v what_o they_o can_v about_o and_o among_o the_o russes_z in_o this_o province_n be_v the_o town_n of_o chilinova_n orlo_n cotenicz_n and_o sloboda_n among_o those_o country_n live_v the_o czremiss_n and_o mordwa-tartar_n mordwa-tartar_n czremiss_n and_o mordwa-tartar_n their_o custom_n be_v not_o much_o different_a save_v that_o the_o mordwitz_n have_v some_o few_o more_o house_n those_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n of_o the_o wolga_n they_o call_v nagorni_n mountainier_n those_o on_o the_o other_o lugowi_n or_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o plain_a and_o grassy_a country_n there_o be_v among_o they_o some_o mahometans_n but_o the_o great_a part_n be_v heathen_a who_o believe_v that_o there_o be_v one_o eternal_a god_n and_o evil_a angel_n also_o which_o they_o endeavour_v to_o pacify_v lest_o they_o shall_v do_v they_o harm_n and_o this_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o religion_n not_o far_o from_o casan_n be_v a_o river_n call_v nemda_n to_o which_o they_o go_v in_o pilgrimage_n where_o as_o also_o in_o a_o brook_n hard_o by_o the_o nemda_n call_v schokshem_n they_o think_v the_o devil_n dwell_v this_o brook_n have_v not_o above_o four_o foot_n water_n but_o never_o freeze_v whence_o they_o conceive_v such_o fancy_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o approach_v at_o too_o near_o a_o distance_n and_o then_o also_o with_o present_n lest_o the_o devil_n shall_v be_v angry_a with_o and_o kill_v they_o though_o they_o see_v the_o russes_z have_v not_o the_o least_o apprehension_n of_o any_o such_o danger_n when_o they_o sacrifice_v they_o kill_v a_o horse_n cow_n or_o sheep_n and_o hang_v the_o skin_n upon_o a_o pole_n between_o two_o tree_n they_o roast_v or_o boil_v the_o flesh_n part_n of_o which_o they_o take_v in_o one_o hand_n and_o mead_n or_o some_o other_o beverage_n in_o the_o other_o and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o fire_n before_o the_o skin_n pray_v the_o skin_n to_o take_v care_n of_o present_v their_o prayer_n and_o request_n to_o god_n which_o be_v only_o for_o conveniency_n of_o this_o life_n they_o worship_v also_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n and_o what_o they_o dream_v of_o in_o the_o night_n but_o have_v neither_o temple_n priest_n nor_o service_n their_o language_n be_v peculiar_a to_o themselves_o though_o be_v under_o the_o grand_a tzar_n many_o of_o they_o now_o speak_v the_o russ_n if_o a_o rich_a man_n die_v they_o kill_v his_o best_a horse_n to_o serve_v he_o in_o the_o next_o world_n but_o his_o near_a friend_n eat_v he_o polygamy_n be_v frequent_a among_o they_o but_o if_o a_o wife_n be_v without_o child_n three_o year_n they_o dismiss_v she_o and_o take_v another_o and_o often_o the_o sister_n of_o a_o former_a wife_n their_o woman_n be_v wrap_v rather_o then_o habit_v in_o white_a cloth_n which_o leave_v nothing_o of_o they_o see_v but_o their_o face_n those_o who_o be_v betroth_v have_v on_o their_o head_n a_o coif_n with_o a_o point_n half_o a_o ell_n long_o whereat_o hang_v a_o bell_n the_o man_n shave_v their_o head_n all_o of_o they_o man_n and_o woman_n be_v very_o swift_a and_o excellent_a archer_n the_o mordwitz_n have_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o governor_n or_o captain_n of_o their_o own_o but_o they_o be_v all_o subject_n to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n who_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o assist_v in_o all_o his_o war_n but_o pay_v he_o no_o tribute_n except_o what_o present_v they_o voluntary_o send_v he_o resan_n be_v situate_v betwixt_o occa_fw-la and_o don_n resan_n resan_n or_o tanais_n which_o rise_v in_o this_o country_n near_o to_o it_o be_v the_o city_n of_o colunna_n columna_fw-la or_o colon_n but_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o resan_n be_v also_o call_v resan_n upon_o the_o occa_fw-la near_o the_o isle_n of_o strub_n which_o heretofore_o be_v a_o government_n of_o itself_o this_o province_n be_v the_o most_o fruitful_a in_o all_o russia_n if_o not_o in_o the_o world_n if_o they_o romance_n not_o too_o much_o who_o say_v that_o one_o grain_n produce_v many_o stalk_n each_o stalk_n many_o ear_n that_o it_o grow_v so_o thick_a and_o strong_a that_o a_o horse_n can_v very_o difficult_o pass_v through_o it_o or_o a_o quail_n fly_v out_o of_o it_o they_o till_o every_o year_n but_o never_o manure_v their_o land_n the_o fruit_n also_o here_o be_v very_o good_a the_o people_n also_o very_o courageous_a civil_a and_o liberal_a towards_o stranger_n the_o province_n be_v able_a to_o send_v fifteen_o thousand_o cavalier_n to_o the_o war_n and_o forty_o thousand_o foot_n in_o this_o province_n be_v great_a town_n corsira_n or_o cassier_n former_o head_n of_o a_o province_n of_o its_o own_o name_n tulla_n on_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o great_a desert_n it_o have_v a_o strong_a stone_n castle_n build_v by_o the_o grand_a tzar_n basilius_n who_o take_v it_o by_o force_n from_o the_o prince_n that_o have_v the_o right_a and_o dominion_n of_o it_o odoiow_n where_o tulla_n and_o vppa_n flow_v into_o the_o occa._n near_o to_o this_o be_v msczeneck_n a_o strong_a fort_n but_o now_o ruin_v thereabouts_o live_v a_o few_o poor_a people_n in_o their_o hut_n who_o refuge_n themselves_o in_o the_o great_a marsh_n which_o take_v up_o all_o that_o country_n upon_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n colluga_o famous_a for_o its_o wooden_a ware_n czirpac_n near_o to_o which_o be_v iron-mine_n the_o only_a sort_n of_o mine_n in_o all_o muscovy_n and_o worotin_n a_o small_a province_n all_o upon_o the_o occa_fw-la as_o also_o the_o town_n of_o cazigorod_n and_o murina_n this_o river_n breed_v the_o best_a fish_n and_o water_v the_o rich_a meadow_n in_o all_o russia_n we_o have_v not_o yet_o speak_v of_o leucomoria_n loppia_n and_o some_o other_o country_n upon_o the_o ob_fw-la and_o the_o north_n sea_n because_o part_v of_o
what_o be_v say_v of_o they_o be_v certain_o fabulous_a and_o all_o the_o rest_n uncertain_a we_o shall_v however_o respite_n they_o till_o we_o come_v to_o asia_n nor_o of_o casan_n and_o astracan_a but_o we_o shall_v defer_v they_o also_o till_o we_o come_v to_o speak_v of_o volga_n and_o the_o tartar_n their_o country_n and_o affair_n be_v mingle_v together_o there_o remain_v therefore_o only_a moscua_n moscua_n moscua_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o great_a empire_n which_o we_o purposely_o reserve_v to_o this_o place_n that_o what_o we_o have_v to_o say_v concern_v the_o empire_n itself_o and_o the_o whole_a nation_n may_v be_v more_o easy_o apprehend_v the_o province_n and_o city_n of_o mosko_n be_v almost_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o all_o the_o grand_a tzars_n dominion_n but_o near_o the_o west_n and_o south_n for_o which_o reason_n as_o also_o because_o the_o soil_n be_v none_o of_o the_o fruitfull_a it_o be_v very_o prudent_o choose_v for_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o empire_n for_o towards_o the_o west_n and_o south_n be_v the_o great_a danger_n of_o invasion_n and_o the_o fierce_a enemy_n and_o the_o barrenness_n of_o the_o soil_n make_v the_o air_n so_o very_o good_a and_o healthful_a that_o it_o be_v account_v a_o wonderful_a thing_n to_o hear_v of_o a_o plague_n or_o any_o epidemical_a disease_n in_o that_o province_n though_o they_o be_v sometime_o afflict_v with_o a_o violent_a burn_a fever_n which_o they_o call_v ognyo_n whereof_o few_o recover_v yet_o i_o do_v not_o hear_v that_o it_o be_v malignant_a nor_o be_v the_o sterility_n any_o inconvenience_n in_o any_o part_n of_o muscovy_n because_o the_o country_n be_v general_o very_o fruitful_a and_o carriage_n from_o place_n to_o place_n very_o easy_a and_o cheap_a in_o summer_n time_n because_o of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o navigable_a river_n and_o in_o winter_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o convenience_n of_o their_o sled_n whether_o draw_v by_o deer_n who_o nourishment_n cost_v nothing_o a_o little_a moss_n which_o use_v not_o to_o be_v very_o scarce_o in_o bog_n and_o wood_n suffice_v they_o or_o horse_n which_o be_v very_o hardy_a and_o use_v to_o travel_v forty_o or_o fifty_o of_o our_o mile_n without_o bait_v so_o that_o a_o countryman_n will_v for_o four_o crown_n conduct_v you_o eleven_o or_o twelve_o hundred_o mile_n beside_o the_o inland_n trade_n among_o themselves_o be_v very_o great_a for_o have_v very_o many_o fast_a day_n they_o must_v be_v supply_v with_o fish_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o north_n send_v they_o fur_n and_o skin_n for_o their_o clothing_n the_o south_n send_v corn_n cloth_n linen_n and_o woollen_a and_o almost_o all_o manufacture_n beside_o the_o frequent_a pass_n and_o repassing_n of_o so_o many_o governor_n both_o render_v travel_v very_o commodious_a and_o frequent_o cheap_a also_o and_o make_v a_o great_a circulation_n of_o trade_n and_o commodity_n in_o the_o whole_a nation_n the_o city_n of_o moskow_n be_v in_o 55_o deg_fw-la 36_o min._n latitude_n and_o about_o 66_o deg_fw-la longitude_n of_o the_o vastness_n of_o it_o before_o its_o great_a desolation_n by_o fire_n 1571_o strange_a thing_n be_v relate_v as_o that_o it_o be_v more_o than_o double_a as_o large_a as_o it_o be_v afterward_o that_o there_o be_v in_o it_o many_o hundred_o thousand_o inhabitant_n and_o that_o there_o be_v slay_v burn_a drown_v and_o tread_v to_o death_n above_o eighty_o thousand_o person_n possevinus_n who_o be_v there_o ambassador_n 1582_o say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n it_o be_v not_o above_o five_o italian_a mile_n in_o compass_n and_o not_o more_o than_o thirty_o thousand_o inhabitant_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a that_o author_n do_v much_o depress_v the_o power_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n everywhere_o in_o russia_n in_o 1611_o forty-one_a thousand_o and_o five_o hundred_o house_n be_v again_o reduce_v to_o ash_n by_o the_o pole_n and_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o person_n slay_v olearius_n say_v that_o in_o his_o time_n its_o circumference_n be_v about_o three_o league_n our_o relator_n in_o 1662._o allow_v it_o four_o league_n sixteen_o mile_n in_o compass_n and_o the_o figure_n round_o and_o be_v say_v to_o contain_v above_o forty_o thousand_o house_n it_o consist_v of_o four_o part_n or_o quarter_n the_o first_o be_v cataigorod_n or_o mid-city_n divide_v from_o the_o rest_n by_o a_o brickwall_n the_o river_n moskwa_n run_v on_o the_o southside_n as_o the_o neglina_n do_v on_o the_o north_n of_o it_o in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o castle_n fortify_v with_o three_o strong_a wall_n and_o a_o good_a ditch_n wherein_o be_v two_o palace_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n one_o of_o stone_n another_z of_o timber_n in_o this_o castle_n be_v two_o steeple_n in_o one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o bell_n weigh_v 33600_o pound_n the_o exchequer_n and_o magazine_n of_o powder_n be_v also_o in_o the_o castle_n two_o fair_a monastery_n five_o church_n and_o chapel_n all_o of_o stone_n and_o in_o st._n michael_n church_n the_o sepulcher_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n at_o the_o castle-gate_n be_v the_o church_n call_v jerusalem_n which_o ivan_n vasilowitz_n think_v so_o magnificent_a that_o he_o put_v out_o the_o architect_n eye_n that_o he_o may_v never_o make_v the_o like_a and_o before_o the_o castle_n be_v the_o great_a market_n place_n where_o every_o trade_n have_v a_o station_n by_o itself_o the_o second_o quarter_n be_v tzargorod_a encompass_v the_o other_o like_o a_o semicircle_n wall_v about_o with_o stone_n wherein_o be_v the_o arsenal_n and_o the_o workman_n in_o metal_n as_o bell-founder_n caster_n of_o cannon_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o be_v skoradom_fw-la on_o the_o north-west_n side_n of_o the_o other_o the_o river_n jagusa_n pass_v through_o it_o and_o here_o be_v the_o market_n for_o house_n timber_n etc._n etc._n the_o four_o be_v strelitza_n slavoda_n be_v the_o quarter_n of_o the_o strelitz_n or_o guard_n of_o the_o grand_a duke_n fortify_v with_o wooden_a rampart_n and_o build_v for_o stranger_n and_o mercenary_a soldier_n there_o be_v in_o this_o city_n above_o two_o thousand_o church_n and_o chapel_n build_v say_v possevin_n more_o for_o ornament_n to_o the_o city_n than_o use_n but_o this_o author_n as_o i_o observe_v before_o seem_v to_o be_v partial_a against_o the_o muscovite_n the_o house_n in_o moskow_n and_o general_o in_o all_o muscovia_n be_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n make_v of_o fir-timber_n square_v and_o dove-tailed_a one_o into_o another_o not_o with_o mortise_n and_o tenant_n at_o the_o end_n two_o or_o at_o the_o most_o three_o story_n high_a their_o window_n short_a and_o narrow_a the_o chink_n between_o the_o timber_n calk_v as_o i_o may_v say_v or_o stop_v up_o with_o moss_n stair_n on_o the_o outside_n instead_o of_o chimney_n stove_n the_o cover_n or_o til_v of_o bark_n and_o upon_o that_o sometime_o turf_n of_o earth_n nor_o be_v their_o householdstuff_n much_o rich_a no_o bed_n chair_n wainscot_n hang_n or_o the_o like_a unnecessary_a implement_n the_o wall_n cover_v with_o mat_n bench_n to_o sleep_n and_o sit_v upon_o a_o pot_n or_o two_o as_o many_o wooden_a dish_n a_o spoon_n to_o hang_v at_o the_o girdle_n if_o a_o fire_n happen_v in_o the_o city_n as_o it_o do_v very_o frequent_o they_o go_v not_o about_o to_o quench_v it_o with_o water_n but_o only_o to_o stop_v the_o course_n of_o the_o flame_n by_o pull_v down_o the_o neighbouring-house_n to_o which_o purpose_n the_o soldier_n that_o keep_v their_o night-guard_n carry_v each_o of_o they_o a_o hatchet_n to_o cut_v down_o a_o house_n present_o nor_o be_v the_o people_n very_o much_o concern_v for_o their_o small_a and_o cheap_a furniture_n but_o the_o merchant_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n have_v for_o their_o magazine_n vault_n of_o stone_n with_o little_a window_n and_o those_o also_o have_v shutter_n as_o well_o as_o their_o door_n of_o white_a iron_n there_o dwell_v in_o the_o city_n a_o great_a number_n of_o greek_n persian_n but_o especial_o tartar_n yet_o the_o greek_n be_v most_o welcome_a as_o most_o sympathize_v with_o the_o russes_z in_o their_o religion_n the_o lutheran_n also_o and_o reform_v be_v well_o receive_v and_o have_v liberty_n public_o to_o exercise_v their_o religion_n which_o they_o of_o the_o roman_a communion_n can_v no_o jew_n be_v admit_v among_o they_o moskow_n be_v near_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n it_o be_v very_o convenient_a to_o take_v our_o measure_n by_o it_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n allow_v proportionable_o for_o the_o nearness_n to_o or_o remoteness_n from_o it_o as_o first_o for_o the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n the_o cold_a be_v here_o sometime_o so_o excessive_a that_o water_n will_v freeze_v as_o it_o be_v fall_v that_o the_o earth_n will_v chap_v as_o with_o we_o in_o the_o violent_a drought_n of_o summer_n even_o to_o above_o twenty_o fathom_n long_o and_o a_o foot_n broad_a and_o
under_o he_o they_o make_v use_v of_o in_o their_o war_n with_o the_o tartar_n a_o general_n they_o call_v the_o walk_v captain_n or_o the_o commander_n of_o the_o walk_a castle_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o double_a wall_n of_o thick_a pale_n so_o contrive_v that_o it_o may_v be_v in_o ashort_a time_n set_v up_o in_o length_n and_o then_o it_o will_v reach_v seven_o mile_n and_o the_o two_o wall_n about_o ten_o foot_n distance_n the_o pale_n be_v high_a than_o a_o man_n and_o in_o they_o loophole_n to_o lay_v out_o the_o nose_n of_o their_o musequet_n and_o this_o be_v sufficient_a for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o shot_n where_o the_o enemy_n have_v no_o canon_n as_o the_o tartar_n have_v not_o else_o it_o be_v of_o little_a use_n or_o esteem_v they_o have_v also_o one_o great_a drum_n carry_v upon_o four_o horse_n fasten_v together_o and_o eight_o man_n to_o beat_v it_o but_o these_o custom_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o they_o follow_v the_o mode_n of_o the_o german_n and_o other_o european_n they_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v better_o at_o keep_v fort_n and_o city_n then_o in_o a_o field_n battle_n valour_n their_o valour_n to_o which_o also_o their_o frequent_a fasting_n slender_a diet_n education_n to_o hardship_n do_v much_o dispose_v they_o their_o woman_n have_v many_o time_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o soldier_n keep_v guard_n fight_v stout_o upon_o the_o work_n and_o even_o defend_v breach_n in_o some_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o livonia_n when_o the_o pole_n take_v they_o they_o find_v almost_o all_o the_o man_n consume_v in_o one_o but_o two_o be_v leave_v and_o yet_o those_o two_o refuse_v to_o yield_v up_o the_o fort_n lest_o they_o shall_v seem_v not_o to_o have_v perform_v their_o trust_n to_o their_o prince_n when_o the_o polonian_n upbraid_v they_o with_o their_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o battle_n when_o they_o have_v sufficient_a advantage_n they_o answer_v but_o who_o have_v smolensko_n novogorod_n etc._n etc._n their_o fort_n be_v very_o well_o victual_v and_o mane_v fortify_v common_o with_o turf_n keep_v up_o with_o bavin_n hurdle_n or_o timber_n which_o resist_v battery_n the_o better_a though_o the_o frost_n have_v too_o much_o power_n upon_o they_o they_o now_o also_o face_n they_o with_o brick_n and_o stone_n their_o sinboiar_n be_v educate_v and_o inure_v to_o war_n in_o those_o fort_n but_o they_o stay_v not_o above_o a_o year_n or_o two_o in_o one_o garrison_n as_o neither_o do_v the_o governor_n there_o be_v general_o two_o and_o sometime_o three_o governor_n in_o one_o garrison_n the_o chief_a have_v care_n of_o the_o munition_n and_o never_o stir_v forth_o the_o other_o upon_o occasion_n go_v abroad_o sally_n fetch_v in_o contribution_n etc._n etc._n many_o of_o they_o be_v very_o valiant_a expert_a and_o careful_a soldier_n of_o all_o their_o borderer_n they_o most_o apprehend_v the_o swede_n the_o polonian_n be_v more_o valiant_a and_o will_v not_o fear_v with_o twenty_o thousand_o to_o fight_v sixty_o thousand_o russes_z but_o they_o be_v not_o so_o expert_a in_o take_v town_n nor_o be_v they_o so_o easy_o keep_v together_o their_o obedience_n be_v too_o voluntary_a the_o tartar_n do_v the_o russes_z most_o mischief_n for_o in_o sudden_a and_o violent_a inroad_n they_o sweep_v a_o whole_a country_n carry_v away_o all_o that_o be_v able_a to_o march_v and_o child_n that_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v carry_v in_o basket_n which_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o for_o that_o purpose_n if_o the_o russes_z meet_v with_o they_o they_o never_o refuse_v to_o fight_v with_o they_o but_o the_o tartar_n seldom_o come_v to_o a_o battle_n but_o if_o they_o apprehend_v themselves_o weak_a they_o will_v all_o disperse_v and_o rendezvous_n again_o at_o night_n or_o after_o one_o day_n or_o two_o in_o their_o last_o invasion_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v carry_v away_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o captive_n which_o be_v enough_o to_o depopulate_v a_o country_n the_o best_a defence_n against_o they_o be_v a_o great_a barren_a desert_n of_o twenty_o day_n march_v be_v the_o confine_n between_o they_o and_o the_o russes_z but_o in_o general_a all_o war_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o russ_n for_o they_o raise_v great_a army_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o marry_a man_n and_o be_v not_o very_o careful_a of_o preserve_v their_o man_n all_o the_o time_n therefore_o that_o war_n last_v the_o woman_n be_v unfruitful_a and_o by_o that_o mean_v the_o old_a stock_n decay_v and_o the_o new_a do_v not_o advance_v the_o remedy_n they_o have_v be_v by_o work_v the_o czremiss_a and_o other_o moderator_n tartar_n mingle_v among_o they_o to_o a_o coalition_n with_o they_o into_o the_o same_o religion_n and_o government_n which_o the_o russes_z sedulous_o endeavour_n and_o have_v in_o good_a part_n effect_v next_o for_o their_o religion_n and_o religious_a ceremony_n 〈◊〉_d religin_n 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d themselves_o say_v that_o st._n andrew_n plant_v christianity_n among_o they_o which_o be_v by_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n afterward_o either_o abolish_v or_o very_o much_o deface_v till_o after_o the_o year_n 900_o some_o say_v 960_o other_o 989_o it_o be_v again_o restore_v by_o volodomir_n i_o find_v in_o can._n 28._o conc._n chalced._n that_o it_o be_v order_v that_o the_o church_n of_o the_o barbarian_n shall_v receive_v their_o ordination_n from_o constantinople_n both_o balsamon_n and_o zonaras_n interpret_v this_o of_o the_o russes_z so_o that_o these_o two_o learned_a person_n be_v of_o this_o opinion_n that_o the_o russes_z be_v christian_n before_o that_o council_n which_o begin_v 451._o and_o their_o metropolitan_a be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o constantinopolitan_a patriarch_n may_v seem_v to_o argue_v so_o much_o but_o neither_o of_o these_o argument_n be_v convince_a let_v we_o therefore_o follow_v the_o common_a opinion_n it_o be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o that_o they_o be_v christian_n in_o volodomir_n time_n and_o that_o they_o follow_v or_o consent_v with_o the_o greek_a church_n as_o they_o do_v still_o in_o most_o of_o their_o opinion_n and_o practice_n the_o great_a difference_n seem_v to_o be_v their_o rebaptisation_n whereof_o more_o by_o and_o by_o their_o ecclesiastical_a government_n be_v the_o same_o with_o that_o of_o all_o the_o church_n till_o now_o of_o late_a i._n e._n by_o bishop_n priest_n and_o deacon_n whether_o they_o retain_v the_o lesser_a order_n as_o they_o be_v call_v i_o can_v find_v till_o of_o late_a the_o supreme_a officer_n in_o their_o church_n be_v the_o metropolitan_a of_o moskow_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o his_o clergy_n be_v ordain_v or_o consecrate_v by_o a_o commission_n from_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n but_o about_o the_o year_n 1588._o there_o come_v to_o moskow_n one_o hieronymus_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n and_o to_o have_v be_v banish_v for_o i_o know_v not_o what_o reason_n by_o the_o turk_n other_o say_v that_o he_o be_v depose_v by_o his_o own_o clergy_n for_o comply_v too_o much_o with_o the_o western_a church_n and_o de_fw-fr facto_fw-la he_o do_v endeavour_v to_o reconcile_v the_o russes_z to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o which_o purpose_n ant._n possevine_n be_v at_o that_o time_n also_o send_v by_o the_o pope_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o other_o christian_a prince_n who_o interest_v themselves_o serious_o in_o this_o affair_n which_o not_o succeed_v hieronymus_n begin_v to_o treat_v about_o resign_v his_o patriarchship_n and_o translate_n of_o the_o see_v from_o constantinople_n to_o moskow_n which_o motion_n be_v greedy_o embrace_v by_o the_o russes_z and_o jan._n 25_o 1588._o in_o a_o very_a great_a solemnity_n the_o prince_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o clergy_n go_v in_o procession_n through_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n at_o length_n in_o our_o lady_n church_n he_o make_v a_o oration_n to_o the_o foresay_a purpose_n deliver_v up_o his_o resignation_n authenticated_a and_o his_o patriarchal_a staff_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o metropolitan_a of_o moskow_n who_o present_o with_o divers_a ceremony_n be_v inaugurate_v patriarch_n and_o his_o successor_n do_v all_o use_v that_o title_n and_o be_v consecrate_v by_o their_o own_o bishop_n whether_o this_o action_n be_v valid_a i_o dispute_v not_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n who_o be_v most_o concern_v do_v not_o question_v it_o and_o to_o stop_v his_o mouth_n as_o i_o suppose_v there_o be_v every_o year_n beside_o upon_o divers_a other_o occasion_n a_o very_a considerable_a present_n of_o five_o hundred_o crown_n send_v to_o he_o beside_o the_o greek_n want_v not_o other_o artifices_fw-la as_o send_v thing_n hallow_a relic_n etc._n etc._n for_o which_o they_o receive_v very_o great_a present_n yet_o filaretes_n nikitys_n the_o late_a patriarch_n and_o father_n to_o the_o emperor_n michael_n federowitz_n be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o
patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n but_o since_o he_o none_o till_o this_o time_n there_o be_v no_o other_o metropolitan_a in_o all_o russia_n but_o this_o of_o moskow_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o but_o that_o church_n be_v become_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o immediate_o make_v two_o new_a metropolitan_o the_o one_o of_o novogrod_n velica_fw-la the_o other_o of_o rostove_n these_o be_v the_o only_a archbishopric_n before_o but_o since_o that_o they_o have_v add_v two_o more_o one_o of_o casanskoi_n and_o swiatskoi_n who_o reside_v at_o casan_n the_o other_o of_o sarskoi_n and_o pondoskoi_n who_o live_v common_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o moskow_n and_o be_v the_o patriarch_n substitute_n or_o coadjutor_n when_o upon_o any_o good_a cause_n as_o age_n sickness_n or_o the_o like_a he_o be_v hinder_v from_o officiate_a they_o have_v also_o as_o possevine_n complain_v but_o eleven_o bishop_n for_o all_o that_o large_a empire_n but_o since_o that_o time_n they_o have_v add_v then_o i_o suppose_v because_o of_o their_o conquest_n and_o advance_v all_o except_o one_o that_o be_v the_o bishop_n of_o comenskoi_n and_o cassieskoi_n who_o live_v at_o columna_fw-la into_o archbishopric_n the_o patriarch_n have_v absolute_a power_n in_o what_o concern_v religion_n with_o such_o authority_n that_o even_o in_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o civil_a government_n he_o reform_v what_o he_o think_v prejudicial_a to_o religion_n without_o give_v the_o grand_a tzar_n any_o account_n of_o it_o who_o without_o any_o contestation_n command_v the_o order_n make_v by_o the_o patriarch_n to_o be_v execute_v as_o the_o late_a patriarch_n nicon_n be_v a_o enemy_n to_o music_n forbid_v all_o music_n in_o their_o merry_a meeting_n and_o search_v the_o house_n in_o moskow_n for_o such_o instrument_n and_o burn_v five_o wagon-load_n of_o they_o leo_n juâ—â—tion_n 〈◊〉_d juâ—â—tion_n their_o first_o metropolitan_a have_v his_o see_n at_o chiow_n afterward_o when_o wolodomiria_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o empire_n the_o metropolitan_a also_o remove_v thither_o accompany_v still_o the_o prince_n and_o now_o be_v at_o moskow_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n be_v the_o same_o as_o in_o other_o church_n for_o beside_o their_o authority_n over_o the_o clergy_n and_o order_v ecclesiastical_a matter_n they_o take_v cognisance_n also_o of_o cause_n testamentary_a matrimonial_a some_o plea_n of_o injury_n etc._n etc._n they_o never_o visit_v their_o diocese_n but_o have_v certain_a layman_n in_o who_o judgement_n they_o can_v confide_v to_o give_v they_o account_v of_o the_o life_n and_o demeanour_n of_o the_o clergy_n they_o have_v also_o official_o or_o commissary_n call_v boiaren_n vladitskey_n layman_n they_o have_v both_o archdeacon_n and_o protodeacons_n but_o not_o employ_v in_o those_o office_n that_o keep_v their_o court_n and_o exercise_v their_o jurisdiction_n and_o these_o be_v not_o appoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n but_o by_o the_o emperor_n though_o he_o seldom_o deny_v the_o bishop_n to_o nominate_v if_o he_o request_v it_o but_o every_o bishop_n have_v for_o ecclesiastical_a matter_n and_o for_o the_o more_o solemn_a service_n of_o god_n a_o council_n of_o twentyfour_o priest_n of_o his_o diocese_n who_o be_v as_o it_o be_v prebend_n or_o canon_n of_o his_o cathedral_n church_n where_o they_o continual_o reside_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o bishop_n have_v be_v as_o they_o say_v great_a then_o now_o they_o be_v the_o patriarch_n have_v about_o three_o thousand_o rubble_n per_fw-la a_o the_o metropolitan_o and_o archbishop_n about_o two_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o but_o all_o this_o revenue_n be_v not_o for_o their_o own_o use_n but_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o furnish_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n such_o a_o number_n of_o soldier_n the_o nomination_n of_o bishop_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n bishop_n election_n of_o their_o bishop_n who_o always_o take_v they_o from_o among_o the_o monk_n which_o oblige_v they_o all_o to_o live_v unmarried_a not_o to_o eat_v flesh_n wear_v no_o ring_n or_o linen_n shirt_n or_o drawer_n beside_o other_o the_o like_o monastic_a observance_n the_o patriarch_n be_v choose_v by_o all_o the_o bishop_n clergy_n and_o abbot_n who_o give_v notice_n of_o their_o election_n to_o the_o prince_n if_o he_o disapprove_v it_o they_o choose_v another_o late_o at_o the_o election_n of_o nicon_n the_o clergy_n name_v two_o and_o can_v not_o agree_v the_o emperor_n cause_v they_o to_o cast_v lot_n and_o the_o lot_n fall_v three_o time_n upon_o the_o person_n of_o nicon_n of_o inferior_a clergy_n they_o have_v a_o very_a great_a number_n clergy_n inferior_a clergy_n there_o be_v many_o parish_n in_o their_o city_n though_o unequal_o divide_v some_o much_o big_a than_o other_o and_o every_o church_n many_o priest_n belong_v to_o it_o they_o have_v no_o particular_a care_n of_o educate_v person_n for_o this_o office_n but_o any_o one_o that_o think_v himself_o fit_o qualify_v present_v himself_o to_o the_o patriarch_n or_o the_o next_o metropolitan_a who_o examine_v his_o ability_n which_o consist_v chief_o in_o read_v write_a and_o sing_v well_o ordain_v he_o which_o be_v chief_o by_o cut_v of_o the_o hair_n on_o the_o top_n of_o his_o head_n cover_v it_o with_o a_o callot_n and_o put_v on_o a_o surpless_n a_o little_a cross_n of_o white_a silk_n upon_o his_o breast_n and_o then_o give_v he_o his_o benediction_n and_o authority_n to_o officiate_v in_o the_o church_n and_o to_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n he_o must_v be_v the_o husband_n of_o one_o wife_n and_o if_o his_o wife_n die_v he_o can_v neither_o officiate_v as_o a_o priest_n nor_o marry_v another_o so_o that_o they_o do_v not_o conceive_v the_o character_n to_o be_v indelible_a yet_o a_o widower_n may_v sing_v read_v etc._n etc._n and_o may_v serve_v as_o a_o deacon_n but_o he_o must_v not_o officiate_v at_o the_o altar_n and_o some_o of_o they_o get_v leave_n to_o keep_v their_o benefice_n and_o yet_o enter_v into_o a_o monastery_n such_o they_o call_v churnapapaes_n their_o revenue_n be_v not_o from_o tithe_n revenue_n their_o revenue_n though_o it_o be_v say_v that_o volodomir_n at_o his_o introduce_v of_o christianity_n settle_a tithe_n also_o upon_o the_o clergy_n nor_o have_v they_o any_o settle_a salary_n but_o they_o be_v content_a with_o what_o they_o receive_v from_o the_o people_n for_o baptise_v marry_v bury_a offering_n prayer_n for_o the_o dead_a etc._n etc._n beside_o every_o private_a person_n upon_o any_o occasion_n of_o business_n desire_v the_o priest_n to_o say_v a_o prayer_n for_o he_o for_o which_o he_o give_v he_o something_o they_o also_o solemnize_v the_o sains-day_n of_o the_o parish_n when_o all_o the_o neighbourhood_n come_v in_o to_o be_v pray_v for_o and_o make_v a_o offering_n once_o a_o quarter_n also_o he_o bless_v his_o parishioner_n house_n and_o family_n by_o these_o and_o many_o other_o such_o like_a way_n they_o make_v up_o a_o competent_a livelihood_n for_o themselves_o and_o to_o give_v the_o ten_o also_o of_o it_o to_o the_o bishop_n protopapaes_n or_o archpriest_n and_o archdeacon_n be_v only_o in_o cathedral_n church_n they_o have_v service_n thrice_o a_o day_n service_n their_o service_n about_o break_v of_o day_n matin_n at_o noon_n mass_n vesper_n in_o the_o evening_n and_o it_o consist_v of_o psalm_n certain_a portion_n of_o scripture_n the_o creed_n prayer_n and_o sometime_o a_o homily_n of_o some_o of_o the_o father_n or_o the_o life_n of_o the_o saint_n of_o the_o day_n in_o their_o own_o language_n never_o other_o preach_a except_o once_o in_o a_o year_n when_o the_o patriarch_n with_o very_o great_a solemnity_n make_v a_o short_a exhortation_n to_o the_o people_n to_o serve_v god_n obey_v their_o prince_n and_o live_v in_o unity_n and_o charity_n with_o their_o neighbour_n they_o never_o kneel_v at_o their_o devotion_n but_o stand_v up_o and_o sometime_o bow_v knock_v their_o forehead_n to_o the_o ground_n ivan_n vasilowich_n be_v frequent_a in_o the_o church_n sing_v the_o prayer_n with_o the_o clergy_n and_o sometime_o have_v his_o forehead_n swell_v with_o knock_v the_o floor_n they_o communicate_v child_n at_o seven_o year_n old_a communion_n communion_n and_o before_o in_o case_n of_o sickness_n when_o they_o communicate_v they_o have_v a_o host_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o barley_n cake_n the_o communicant_n partake_v of_o the_o host_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o people_n have_v the_o barley-cake_n break_v among_o they_o as_o a_o pain-benist_a they_o communicate_v ordinary_o but_o once_o a_o year_n which_o be_v about_o easter_n and_o then_o only_o three_o at_o a_o time_n and_o always_o after_o some_o extraordinary_a fast_n mortification_n or_o confession_n which_o they_o make_v stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o church_n and_o before_o some_o picture_n of_o a_o saint_n the_o priest_n appoint_v he_o penance_n give_v he_o absolution_n and_o admit_v he_o to_o the_o sacrament_n they_o be_v very_o severe_a in_o their_o fasting_n have_v more_o of_o
those_o then_o of_o flesh-day_n though_o every_o day_n be_v the_o memorial_n of_o one_o saint_n at_o least_o yet_o be_v there_o but_o thirteen_o great_a and_o solemn_a holiday_n beside_o the_o sunday_n nor_o do_v the_o ordinary_a people_n observe_v many_o of_o these_o and_o those_o they_o do_v observe_v they_o do_v it_o more_o with_o debauchery_n and_o drink_v then_o devotion_n but_o in_o their_o fast_n they_o be_v so_o severe_a that_o they_o will_v not_o taste_v any_o thing_n that_o come_v of_o flesh_n not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o medicine_n if_o it_o have_v cornu_fw-la cervi_fw-la or_o ungula_fw-la alcis_n in_o it_o all_o author_n take_v notice_n of_o the_o veneration_n they_o have_v to_o their_o image_n image_n their_o image_n possevine_n say_v they_o do_v only_o not_o adore_v they_o other_o say_v that_o they_o look_v upon_o the_o saint_n as_o cause_n and_o coworker_n of_o their_o salvation_n yet_o divers_a among_o they_o be_v of_o another_o opinion_n a_o protopope_n of_o casansky_n speak_v too_o liberal_o against_o this_o worship_n be_v degrade_v and_o thrust_v into_o a_o monastery_n and_o their_o late_a patriarch_n nicon_n see_v he_o can_v not_o remedy_v it_o retire_v from_o his_o charge_n to_o a_o private_a life_n other_o excuse_v this_o worship_n attribute_v it_o to_o the_o great_a ceremoniousness_n the_o russes_z use_n both_o in_o their_o devotion_n and_o ordinary_a conversation_n all_o man_n take_v notice_n and_o make_v long_a discourse_n of_o their_o marriage_n and_o burial_n marriage_n their_o marriage_n but_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n that_o have_v not_o some_o particularity_n about_o these_o many_o man_n also_o take_v delight_n in_o their_o own_o fancy_n that_o which_o be_v most_o peculiar_a to_o the_o russes_z be_v that_o they_o keep_v up_o their_o woman_n especial_o their_o virgin_n very_o close_o and_o private_a rare_o suffer_v they_o to_o come_v abroad_o so_o much_o as_o to_o church_n or_o to_o make_v visit_n but_o never_o to_o ball_n or_o merry_a meeting_n it_o happen_v frequent_o that_o a_o man_n come_v to_o marry_v one_o who_o he_o never_o see_v before_o or_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o her_o condition_n parent_n common_o make_v up_o the_o match_n only_o the_o young_a man_n may_v employ_v his_o mother_n or_o some_o other_o friend_n to_o see_v and_o give_v information_n of_o she_o as_o the_o maid_n do_v of_o the_o bridegroom_n but_o in_o recompense_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v follow_v they_o dissolve_v marriage_n upon_o very_o slight_a occasion_n and_o the_o man_n after_o a_o short_a forbearance_n have_v liberty_n to_o marry_v again_o they_o go_v to_o church_n and_o receive_v the_o priest_n benediction_n who_o have_v ask_v their_o consent_n and_o read_v some_o prayer_n give_v they_o his_o blessing_n and_o drink_v to_o they_o and_o they_o also_o drink_v to_o one_o another_o all_o their_o friend_n present_v they_o and_o the_o gift_n that_o please_v be_v prize_v that_o the_o value_n may_v be_v return_v in_o a_o competent_a time_n those_o which_o be_v unuseful_a or_o superfluous_a they_o return_v again_o nor_o be_v it_o ill_o take_v a_o woman_n be_v not_o worse_o esteem_v for_o marry_v a_o second_o husband_n but_o a_o three_o be_v scandalous_a what_o be_v particular_a in_o their_o burial_n be_v burial_n and_o burial_n that_o they_o carry_v out_o their_o dead_a even_o the_o emperor_n himself_o the_o same_o day_n he_o die_v and_o accompany_v he_o with_o great_a howl_n and_o lamentation_n of_o woman_n they_o leave_v the_o body_n unbury_v for_o eight_o day_n pray_v for_o he_o every_o day_n then_o they_o return_v kiss_v he_o the_o priest_n put_v a_o billet_n into_o his_o mouth_n to_o testify_v of_o his_o godly_a life_n and_o that_o he_o receive_v absolution_n and_o then_o after_o some_o prayer_n they_o inter_v he_o and_o keep_v his_o anniversary_n with_o prayer_n and_o devotion_n they_o bury_v none_o in_o their_o church_n they_o think_v their_o baptism_n to_o be_v most_o solemn_a baptism_n their_o baptism_n and_o most_o effectual_a of_o any_o other_o celebrate_v among_o christian_n child_n they_o baptize_v in_o the_o church_n adult_n person_n in_o river_n the_o font_n stand_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o church_n and_o they_o consecrate_v new_a water_n for_o every_o one_o that_o be_v baptize_v imagine_v that_o the_o impurity_n of_o the_o child_n original_a sin_n cleanse_v by_o baptism_n remain_v still_o in_o the_o water_n they_o have_v a_o solemn_a procession_n about_o the_o font_n the_o clerk_n who_o be_v always_o their_o deacon_n carry_v before_o the_o image_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o child_n be_v baptize_v he_o put_v a_o grain_n of_o salt_n into_o his_o mouth_n anoints_z him_z make_v the_o sign_n of_o the_o cross_n upon_o the_o forehead_n hand_n breast_n and_o back_o with_o consecrate_a oil_n put_v he_o on_o a_o white_a shirt_n and_o hang_v about_o his_o neck_n a_o little_a cross_n which_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o wear_v as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v which_o if_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v find_v upon_o he_o at_o his_o death_n he_o will_v not_o receive_v christian_a burial_n he_o assign_v he_o also_o a_o particular_a saint_n to_o be_v his_o patron_n order_v the_o godfather_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n when_o he_o come_v of_o age_n to_o have_v a_o particular_a devotion_n towards_o he_o conceive_v baptism_n to_o be_v the_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n they_o baptize_v all_o except_o the_o greek_n that_o come_v into_o their_o church_n though_o they_o have_v be_v before_o baptize_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o father_n son_n and_o holy_a ghost_n those_o also_o who_o be_v excommunicate_v or_o be_v conceive_v to_o be_v out_o of_o the_o church_n by_o any_o profane_a or_o wicked_a action_n as_o those_o they_o call_v chaldaean_n they_o receive_v into_o the_o church_n again_o by_o baptism_n so_o that_o there_o be_v those_o among_o they_o who_o have_v be_v baptize_v ten_o or_o twelve_o time_n in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o ceremony_n and_o doctrine_n â—â—â—ses_n otherâ—â—â—_n remain_v of_o the_o â—â—â—ses_n they_o differ_v little_a from_o the_o greek_a church_n only_o they_o superadd_a divers_a thing_n as_o the_o hallow_n of_o their_o river_n which_o they_o do_v twice_o every_o year_n the_o great_a pomp_n be_v on_o palm-sunday_n when_o the_o emperor_n lead_v the_o patriarch_n horse_n they_o account_v many_o thing_n and_o person_n unclean_a as_o christian_n of_o another_o profession_n insomuch_o that_o the_o emperor_n wash_v his_o hand_n after_o any_o christian_a ambassador_n have_v kiss_v they_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v such_o to_o enter_v into_o their_o church_n and_o if_o they_o do_v enter_v they_o sweep_v after_o they_o divers_a sort_n of_o meat_n also_o be_v account_v unclean_a nor_o do_v they_o willing_o eat_v of_o any_o fowl_n or_o such_o thing_n kill_v by_o a_o woman_n after_o they_o have_v accompany_v their_o wife_n they_o enter_v not_o the_o church_n till_o they_o have_v wash_v and_o many_o other_o such_o observance_n they_o have_v after_o any_o one_o have_v receive_v extreme_a unction_n they_o will_v hardly_o give_v he_o meat_n but_o no_o medicine_n upon_o any_o term_n so_o that_o he_o must_v die_v in_o his_o own_o defence_n they_o begin_v the_o year_n on_o the_o first_o of_o september_n that_o day_n be_v as_o they_o suppose_v the_o first_o day_n and_o they_o keep_v their_o account_n from_o the_o creation_n they_o account_v our_o lord_n to_o have_v be_v incarnate_a in_o 5509_o of_o the_o world_n reckon_v according_o to_o the_o septuagint_n to_o which_o add_v the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n as_o 5509_o 1679_o give_v their_o account_n of_o this_o present_a year_n 7188_o and_o subtract_v from_o the_o present_a year_n of_o the_o epocha_fw-mi at_o our_o lord_n birth_n as_o 7188_o +_o 5509_o give_v the_o present_a year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1679._o their_o office_n be_v all_o in_o their_o own_o language_n which_o be_v the_o sclavonian_a and_o have_v so_o great_a affinity_n with_o the_o polonian_a lithvanian_a cassubian_n vandalian_a those_o also_o of_o bochemia_n dalmatia_n bulgaria_n and_o croatia_n that_o they_o can_v make_v ashift_n to_o converse_v one_o with_o another_o it_o remain_v that_o we_o speak_v something_o of_o their_o religious_a they_o have_v many_o monastery_n ligious_a their_o 〈◊〉_d ligious_a and_o some_o very_a rich_a but_o all_o of_o one_o order_n which_o be_v st._n basil_n few_o of_o their_o governor_n be_v archimandritae_fw-la or_o abbot_n but_o most_o prior_n or_o igumeni_n though_o many_o of_o they_o have_v great_a revenue_n yet_o do_v they_o difficult_o admit_v any_o one_o except_o he_o bring_v a_o stock_n with_o he_o which_o be_v seldom_o under_o three_o hundred_o rubble_n the_o rest_n of_o his_o estate_n he_o must_v dispose_v of_o at_o his_o admission_n the_o ceremony_n of_o their_o reception_n be_v change_v his_o clothes_n which_o be_v to_o be_v all_o of_o woollen_a clip_v
dukedom_n and_o unite_v it_o to_o his_o crown_n he_o conquer_v also_o the_o duke_n of_o novogrod_n about_o ann_n 1488_o and_o unite_v that_o city_n with_o all_o its_o dominion_n to_o his_o own_o estate_n and_o carry_v from_o thence_o three_o hundred_o cart_n lade_v with_o gold_n silver_z jewel_n and_o other_o rich_a commodity_n to_o his_o treasury_n at_o moskow_n he_o war_v also_o with_o poland_n and_o livonia_n with_o various_a success_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n he_o have_v ivan_n who_o die_v before_o he_o and_o leave_v one_o son_n call_v demetri_fw-la afterward_o ivan_n marry_v sophia_n daughter_n to_o thomas_n paleologus_fw-la who_o reign_v in_o morea_n by_o who_o he_o have_v divers_a child_n this_o be_v a_o woman_n of_o great_a spirit_n and_o understanding_n so_o continual_o upbraid_v her_o husband_n with_o his_o slavery_n to_o the_o tartar_n that_o at_o length_n she_o force_v he_o to_o free_v himself_o herself_o contribute_v a_o beginning_n unto_o it_o for_o whereas_o the_o tartar_n have_v a_o house_n within_o the_o castle_n where_o live_v a_o governor_n and_o other_o that_o be_v as_o continual_a spy_n upon_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o russes_z she_o pretend_v a_o vow_n when_o with-child_a to_o build_v a_o church_n there_o when_o she_o be_v safe_o deliver_v have_v therefore_o bring_v forth_o a_o son_n she_o invite_v the_o tartar_n governor_n to_o the_o christen_n and_o cajol_v he_o with_o great_a kindness_n and_o magnificence_n beg_v that_o house_n of_o he_o for_o fulfil_v her_o vow_n which_o he_o grant_v afterward_o her_o husband_n and_o the_o muscovite_n take_v courage_n and_o never_o cease_v till_o they_o have_v shake_v off_o the_o tartar_n slavery_n though_o the_o tartar_n continue_v to_o this_o day_n to_o call_v they_o his_o golops_n or_o slave_n she_o wrought_v also_o much_o upon_o her_o husband_n now_o very_o ancient_a for_o he_o be_v sixty-six_a year_n of_o age_n when_o he_o die_v which_o be_v in_o 1492_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v forty-two_a year_n and_o seven_o month_n that_o pass_v by_o demetri_fw-la the_o son_n of_o john_n who_o he_o have_v by_o a_o former_a wife_n he_o declare_v her_o son_n gabriel_n who_o name_n he_o change_v to_o vasilie_o his_o successor_n vasilie_o prove_v a_o very_a great_a tyrant_n over_o the_o people_n and_o his_o own_o brother_n and_o family_n but_o he_o recover_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v by_o vitoldus_n great_a duke_n of_o litvania_n in_o 1514_o he_o take_v plescow_n and_o smolensko_n but_o be_v unfortunate_a in_o his_o design_n against_o the_o tartar_n he_o marry_v helena_n daughter_n of_o glinski_n by_o who_o he_o have_v ivan_n call_v vasilowich_n who_o be_v bear_v aug._n 26_o 1528._o vasilie_o die_v 1532_o and_o make_v michael_n glinski_n tutor_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n begin_v his_o reign_n ann_n 1540_o who_o very_a great_a victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n his_o most_o barbarous_a cruelty_n and_o tyranny_n towards_o his_o subject_n and_o pretend_a sanctity_n have_v give_v large_a subject_n to_o all_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n and_o among_o other_o to_o paulus_n oderborn_n who_o have_v write_v a_o peculiar_a book_n of_o he_o however_o he_o behave_v himself_o in_o other_o respect_n he_o raise_v the_o empire_n of_o muscovy_n to_o its_o height_n he_o subdue_v the_o kingdom_n of_o casan_n and_o astracan_a which_o be_v signify_v by_o the_o two_o crown_n over_o the_o eagle_n head_n in_o his_o arms._n and_o astracan_a be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o circass-tartar_n have_v conquer_v that_o he_o reduce_v they_o also_o to_o term_n i._n e._n to_o accept_v of_o his_o government_n pay_v he_o some_o small_a tribute_n and_o to_o assist_v he_o with_o so_o many_o horse_n and_o arm_n in_o his_o war_n this_o nation_n reach_v as_o far_o as_o persia_n and_o be_v set_v upon_o by_o the_o turk_n when_o he_o go_v to_o invade_v persia_n they_o send_v to_o the_o tzar_n for_o engineer_n to_o fortify_v their_o town_n etc._n etc._n which_o he_o present_o send_v and_o with_o they_o also_o governor_n and_o soldier_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o his_o secure_v their_o obedience_n to_o himself_o for_o the_o future_a the_o subdue_a of_o the_o tartar_n alarm_v his_o neighbour_n but_o none_o more_o than_o selimus_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n who_o ann_n 1569_o send_v a_o army_n of_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o beside_o forty_o thousand_o crim-tartar_n to_o recover_v astracan_a and_o other_o place_n from_o the_o muscovite_n serebrine_n a_o very_a faithful_a and_o valiant_a general_n command_v in_o astracan_a who_o at_o first_o much_o wonder_v from_o whence_o such_o a_o army_n shall_v come_v have_v scarce_o ever_o hear_v of_o the_o turk_n but_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o want_v to_o his_o duty_n but_o hasten_v to_o strengthen_v his_o garrison_n with_o man_n and_o provision_n and_o give_v order_n to_o all_o the_o country_n especial_o those_o upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n to_o hinder_v the_o turk_n as_o much_o as_o they_o can_v from_o provision_n the_o turk_n whether_o by_o mistake_n or_o malice_n of_o the_o tartar_n get_v into_o great_a wood_n where_o their_o slow_a march_n make_v they_o consume_v much_o of_o their_o store_n and_o the_o contrary_a wind_n hinder_v their_o ship_n upon_o the_o caspian_a sea_n from_o come_v up_o the_o river_n and_o cast_v some_o upon_o the_o shore_n which_o be_v all_o pillage_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v very_o active_a in_o obedience_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o astracan_a however_o to_o the_o bank_n of_o volga_n they_o come_v whither_o serebrine_n go_v and_o make_v many_o successful_a skirmish_n with_o they_o in_o one_o he_o slay_v divers_a of_o their_o best_a officer_n and_o divers_a thousand_o of_o their_o man_n meanwhile_o victual_n grow_v scarce_o in_o the_o turkish_a army_n and_o those_o few_o ship_n that_o escape_v the_o wind_n and_o the_o russes_z brought_z refreshment_n but_o no_o such_o quantity_n as_o can_v serve_v they_o any_o considerable_a time_n so_o that_o they_o begin_v to_o retreat_v but_o their_o ill_a diet_n and_o the_o bad_a air_n of_o these_o marsh_n especial_o in_o the_o end_n of_o autumn_n bring_v the_o plague_n among_o they_o their_o magazine_n of_o powder_n also_o at_o azoph_n be_v by_o lightning_n blow_v up_o and_o to_o complete_a their_o misery_n the_o remainder_n of_o the_o army_n be_v ship_v upon_o the_o black_a sea_n be_v cast_v away_o so_o that_o very_o few_o of_o that_o vast_a army_n return_v to_o constantinople_n and_o the_o russ_n have_v by_o that_o mean_v establish_v himself_o more_o firm_o in_o the_o conquest_n of_o all_o those_o country_n ivan_n vasilowich_n conquer_v also_o a_o great_a part_n of_o livonia_n and_o many_o other_o place_n by_o his_o first_o wife_n he_o have_v two_o son_n ivan_n who_o himself_o kill_v with_o his_o staff_n and_o pheodor_n who_o succeed_v he_o he_o have_v many_o wife_n and_o one_o he_o put_v into_o a_o monastery_n for_o her_o sterility_n who_o there_o within_o two_o month_n bring_v forth_o a_o son_n call_v demetri_fw-la but_o notwithstanding_o that_o she_o be_v force_v into_o the_o nunnery_n and_o have_v a_o son_n there_o yet_o can_v she_o never_o get_v out_o some_o say_v that_o this_o be_v the_o act_n of_o his_o father_n it_o may_v be_v that_o both_o concur_v in_o this_o as_o in_o many_o other_o act_n of_o injustice_n and_o tyranny_n he_o die_v march_v 28._o 1584._o leave_v two_o son_n pheodor_n and_o demetri_fw-la pheodor_n be_v a_o very_a weak_a prince_n and_o have_v marry_v the_o sister_n of_o boris_n feodorowich_n godanove_n leave_v the_o manage_n of_o all_o affair_n to_o he_o who_o have_v cause_v demetrius_n to_o be_v murder_v as_o be_v say_v and_o make_v his_o party_n among_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n pheodor_n also_o after_o awhile_o ann_n 1597_o have_v reign_v twelve_o year_n die_v the_o last_o of_o the_o house_n of_o beala_n after_o much_o dissemble_a tergiversation_n be_v choose_v grand_a tzar_n and_o reign_v seven_o year_n peaceable_o till_o a_o impostor_n griski_n or_o gregory_n otrapeion_n fly_v into_o poland_n and_o there_o declare_v himself_o to_o be_v demetri_fw-la the_o son_n of_o ivan_n vasilowich_n who_o as_o he_o say_v be_v not_o murder_v but_o another_o in_o his_o stead_n be_v furnish_v by_o divers_a nobleman_n of_o poland_n with_o a_o army_n to_o recover_v his_o right_n boris_n in_o the_o time_n of_o pheodor_n though_o he_o have_v oblige_v some_o of_o the_o boiar_n yet_o have_v he_o make_v away_o divers_a even_o of_o the_o best_a nobility_n who_o be_v most_o likely_a to_o contest_v his_o power_n follow_v herein_o the_o step_n of_o ivan_n vasilowich_n he_o also_o incur_v their_o hatred_n the_o more_o by_o his_o engross_n to_o himself_o and_o family_n all_o the_o gainful_a employment_n before_o he_o be_v choose_v emperor_n for_o he_o have_v then_o no_o less_o than_o ninety-three_a thousand_o and_o seven_o hundred_o
be_v many_o cave_n cut_v out_o of_o the_o rock_n well_n and_o old_a building_n of_o the_o greek_n witness_v by_o their_o inscription_n there_o very_o frequent_a it_o be_v now_o a_o inconsiderable_a place_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o turk_n sari-germen_a by_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o tartar_n topetarkan_n ancient_o chersonesus_n and_o corsuna_n the_o noble_a and_o most_o ancient_a city_n of_o all_o the_o peninsula_n be_v still_o compass_v with_o a_o strong_a stone-wall_n and_o divers_a aqueduct_n and_o other_o noble_a building_n entire_a but_o without_o inhabitant_n the_o turk_n every_o day_n fetch_v away_o the_o marble_n and_o stone_n for_o other_o building_n volodomir_n the_o grand_a tzar_n take_v this_o town_n from_o joannes_n zimisces_n and_o among_o other_o rich_a plunder_v carry_v away_o two_o large_a royal_a brazen_a gate_n to_o kiow_n from_o whence_o boleslaus_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n transfer_v they_o to_o gnesna_n where_o they_o still_o remain_v they_o say_v also_o that_o volodomir_n be_v here_o baptize_v balachey_n or_o balaclawa_n by_o the_o genovese_n call_v jamboli_n or_o the_o tower_n of_o fish_n the_o sea_n there_o be_v very_o well_o store_v situate_a under_o the_o mountain_n baba_n the_o genovese_n take_v it_o without_o any_o loss_n from_o the_o greek_n and_o make_v it_o a_o very_a commodious_a beautiful_a and_o strong_a haven_n the_o turk_n at_o this_o day_n build_v here_o their_o galley_n and_o ship_n though_o it_o be_v but_o a_o poor_a town_n at_o most_o but_o of_o a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o fire_n the_o inhabitant_n turk_n jew_n and_o greek_n mangut_n or_o mancus_fw-la be_v a_o very_a magnificent_a city_n though_o not_o by_o the_o seashore_n but_o first_o by_o the_o turk_n and_o afterward_o by_o a_o great_a fire_n it_o be_v so_o waste_v that_o nothing_o now_o remain_v of_o it_o except_o one_o high_a tower_n and_o a_o strong_a stone-house_n whereinto_o the_o cham_n thrust_v the_o russ-ambassador_n as_o often_o as_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o quarrel_v his_o master_n there_o be_v some_o few_o turk_n jew_n and_o greek_n that_o inhabit_v there_o in_o all_o about_o sixty_o fire_n there_o remain_v still_o upon_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o some_o of_o the_o church_n the_o picture_n of_o divers_a of_o the_o greek_a emperor_n and_o other_o famous_a man_n cercessigerman_n be_v a_o small_a turkish_a fort_n not_o far_o from_o mancop_n the_o palace_n of_o the_o cham_n be_v situate_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o country_n baciasaray_v baccasaray_v be_v a_o town_n of_o about_o two_o thousand_o house_n wherein_o be_v a_o meschite_a and_o divers_a sepulchre_n of_o the_o cham_n very_o magnificent_a as_o be_v their_o palace_n build_v with_o great_a charge_n by_o their_o former_a prince_n beside_o that_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o country_n very_o proper_a for_o hunt_v and_o fowl_v and_o be_v noble_o adorn_v with_o garden_n orchard_n bath_n etc._n etc._n almasaray_v be_v another_o house_n whither_o he_o sometime_o retire_v in_o a_o town_n of_o about_o seventy_o fire_n there_o be_v also_o divers_a little_a castle_n where_o his_o own_o brethren_n child_n and_o their_o wife_n be_v keep_v sortasse_fw-la be_v a_o town_n where_o the_o ambassador_n of_o foreign_a prince_n have_v many_o time_n liberty_n to_o divert_v themselves_o at_o creme_a or_o crim_n ancient_o taphros_n and_o taphrae_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v call_v crim-tartar_n be_v his_o mint_n and_o a_o very_a strong_a castle_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o tartar_n but_o the_o town_n be_v most_o inhabit_v by_o turk_n in_o all_o about_o a_o hundred_o house_n sidagios_n or_o sudacum_fw-la be_v a_o very_a noble_a and_o strong_a city_n situate_v in_o the_o mountain_n take_v by_o the_o genovese_n from_o the_o greek_n so_o set_v one_o family_n against_o another_o that_o they_o will_v not_o come_v to_o the_o same_o church_n the_o turk_n by_o a_o long_a and_o difficult_a siege_n take_v it_o from_o the_o genovese_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o the_o wine_n grow_v thereabouts_o caffa_n or_o theodosia_n still_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o peninsula_n have_v betwixt_o five_o and_o six_o thousand_o house_n inhabit_v most_o part_n by_o christian_n who_o have_v about_o forty-five_o church_n greek_n armenian_n and_o remainder_n of_o the_o italian_n some_o turk_n and_o few_o tartar_n all_o under_o a_o turkish_a sangiac_n slave_n they_o reckon_v there_o about_o thirty_o thousand_o a_o town_n of_o great_a traffic_n about_o two_o day_n sail_v from_o constantinople_n yet_o be_v it_o nothing_o to_o what_o it_o be_v under_o the_o genovese_n kerky_n be_v a_o little_a town_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o about_o a_o hundred_o family_n upon_o the_o straight_o call_v ancient_o bosphora_n cimmerius_n which_o be_v here_o about_o three_o league_n broad_a this_o town_n be_v open_a for_o the_o grand_a signior_n will_v not_o allow_v the_o tartar_n to_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n beside_o przecop_n over_o against_o this_o be_v taman_a a_o town_n and_o castle_n upon_o the_o continent_n in_o the_o country_n call_v ancient_o colchis_n now_o the_o circassian_n or_o petigor-tartar_n karasu_n belong_v to_o the_o cham_n and_o have_v above_o a_o thousand_o house_n tusla_n be_v among_o the_o saltwork_n and_o have_v about_o eighty_o house_n arabet_fw-la or_o orbotec_n be_v a_o double_a castle_n near_o to_o which_o the_o cham_n keep_v his_o stud_n or_o breed_v of_o horse_n which_o be_v reckon_v to_o be_v about_o seventy_o thousand_o the_o country_n towards_o the_o south_n be_v mountainous_a and_o consequent_o well_o water_v the_o rest_n plain_a and_o good_a pasture_n but_o want_v water_n for_o that_o near_a at_o hand_n be_v brackish_a and_o their_o good_a water_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o very_o deep_a well_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o want_n dug_n by_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n thus_o much_o of_o the_o chersonesus_n przecop_n the_o country_n of_o przecop_n without_o this_o the_o crim-tartar_n enjoy_v all_o betwixt_o boristhenes_n nieper_n and_o tanais_n don_n which_o from_o ossove_n upon_o the_o don_n to_o the_o nieper_n in_o a_o strait_a line_n be_v account_v about_o four_o hundred_o english_a mile_n but_o the_o nieper_n fetch_v a_o great_a compass_n eastward_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o so_o much_o this_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n plain_a and_o even_a ground_n and_o rich_a pasturage_n without_o any_o town_n or_o constant_a habitation_n or_o propriety_n only_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o cham_fw-mi by_o his_o officer_n appoint_v what_o part_n shall_v be_v till_v and_o in_o february_n proclamation_n be_v make_v among_o all_o the_o tartar_n that_o if_o any_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o till_o any_o ground_n they_o shall_v get_v all_o their_o matter_n ready_a by_o such_o a_o day_n when_o they_o will_v go_v to_o such_o a_o place_n commodious_a for_o that_o purpose_n and_o according_o some_o do_v go_v and_o the_o rest_n attend_v upon_o they_o that_o they_o be_v not_o disturb_v betwixt_o this_o plain_a and_o russia_n lie_v waste_v a_o great_a country_n as_o they_o say_v require_v twenty_o day_n to_o cross_v it_o full_a of_o wood_n and_o lake_n and_o sometime_o under-water_n which_o be_v the_o great_a security_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o empire_n the_o government_n be_v whole_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o cham._n crim-tartar_n the_o government_n of_o the_o crim-tartar_n the_o cadi_n determine_v lesser_a cause_n but_o capital_a and_o matter_n of_o great_a importance_n be_v judge_v by_o the_o cham_n himself_o with_o his_o council_n he_o be_v of_o easy_a access_n and_o reasonable_o just_a he_o always_o choose_v a_o galga_n who_o be_v next_o to_o he_o alive_a and_o succeed_v after_o death_n this_o be_v common_o his_o son_n or_o brother_n according_a to_o merit_v if_o any_o one_o have_v better_a pretension_n he_o fly_v to_o the_o grand_a signior_n who_o judge_n the_o cause_n his_o young_a son_n be_v sultan_n and_o be_v bring_v up_o by_o such_o as_o have_v the_o custody_n of_o their_o wife_n with_o who_o they_o be_v educate_v till_o of_o sufficient_a strength_n and_o according_a to_o their_o fitness_n they_o be_v furnish_v with_o command_n either_o in_o his_o own_o country_n or_o be_v recommend_v to_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n who_o willing_o receive_v they_o part_v also_o be_v hostage_n with_o the_o turk_n when_o the_o family_n of_o gingis-chan_n be_v numerous_a and_o potent_a they_o choose_v always_o the_o chan_n but_o sachibgerei_fw-la and_o deuletigerei_fw-la chans_n make_v away_o with_o most_o of_o they_o and_o settle_v the_o dominion_n in_o their_o own_o posterity_n the_o chan_n have_v many_o officer_n and_o counsellor_n hamiat_fw-la be_v those_o who_o take_v care_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o foreign_a prince_n captain_n also_o coracei_n vlans_n and_o the_o best_a of_o the_o murse_n be_v call_v to_o council_n the_o vlans_n be_v those_o of_o a_o ancient_a family_n of_o chans_n but_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o by_o the_o gierey_n the_o name_n of_o the_o
good_a housewifery_n and_o to_o look_v after_o their_o dairy_n or_o else_o employ_v in_o spin_v weave_v or_o sow_v whilst_o the_o man_n according_a to_o their_o several_a quality_n follow_v their_o husbandry_n merchandise_v or_o the_o more_o weighty_a concern_v of_o church_n and_o state_n the_o pesantry_n live_v in_o great_a servitude_n to_o their_o lord_n who_o dominion_n they_o may_v not_o quit_v without_o their_o permission_n if_o they_o be_v bear_v or_o have_v inhabit_v three_o year_n therein_o those_o that_o do_v so_o be_v certain_o hang_v if_o take_v the_o noble_n be_v very_o much_o addict_v to_o travel_v as_o admire_v foreign_a country_n more_o than_o their_o own_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o they_o greedy_o and_o easy_o learn_v the_o language_n of_o those_o nation_n they_o affect_v and_o they_o esteem_v it_o no_o small_a commendation_n of_o their_o ingenuity_n to_o introduce_v something_o of_o the_o new_a habit_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n with_o who_o they_o 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martinus_n smiglecius_n the_o logician_n abr._n bzovius_fw-la who_o have_v continue_v baronius_n annal_n with_o many_o other_o who_o work_n be_v much_o esteem_v in_o foreign_a country_n and_o doubtless_o the_o learned_a will_v have_v be_v oblige_v to_o more_o of_o their_o nation_n have_v not_o their_o writing_n perish_v for_o want_n of_o print_v but_o late_o receive_v among_o they_o physic_n also_o begin_v to_o come_v in_o request_n since_o even_o in_o these_o part_n the_o modern_a luxury_n in_o diet_n be_v attend_v with_o more_o disease_n than_o the_o homely_a fare_n of_o former_a age_n their_o language_n be_v a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slavonian_a language_n language_n and_o not_o so_o copious_a as_o many_o other_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o write_v and_o read_v because_o of_o the_o multitude_n of_o consonant_n join_v with_o one_o vowel_n yet_o the_o harshness_n be_v much_o correct_v in_o speak_v for_o they_o pronounce_v they_o as_o if_o mix_v with_o vowel_n they_o have_v borrow_v 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it_o the_o gross_a be_v a_o little_a piece_n of_o copper_n mix_v with_o silver_n value_v at_o three_o halfpence_n english_a the_o attine_n at_o four_o penny_n halfpenny_n their_o trigross_a and_o segross_v both_o of_o pure_a silver_n the_o one_o three_o time_n the_o other_o six_o time_n the_o value_n of_o a_o gross_a but_o the_o most_o current_a money_n in_o poland_n at_o this_o time_n be_v foreign_a coin_n bring_v in_o chief_o though_o not_o in_o great_a plenty_n by_o the_o hungarian_a german_a and_o italian_a merchant_n for_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n which_o be_v rye_n wheat_n barley_n oat_n and_o other_o pulse_n flax_n hops_n hides_n tallow_n tan_a leather_n divers_a sort_n of_o fur_n bring_v first_o out_o of_o muscovy_n but_o dress_v and_o vend_v here_o honey_n wax_n amber_n pitch_n pot-ash_n mast_n and_o plank_n the_o horse_n also_o of_o poland_n for_o their_o swiftness_n hardiness_n and_o easy_a pace_n be_v much_o covet_v by_o foreigner_n beside_o all_o these_o it_o supply_v the_o neighbour_a country_n with_o vast_a number_n of_o ox_n and_o sheep_n to_o which_o must_v be_v add_v the_o salt-pit_n whence_o spring_v the_o great_a revenue_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v the_o riches_n of_o poland_n consist_v in_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n already_o mention_v traffic_n traffic_n which_o though_o they_o be_v of_o several_a sort_n and_o general_a use_n yet_o bring_v but_o little_a money_n into_o the_o kingdom_n be_v counterpoise_v by_o the_o incredible_a quantity_n and_o rich_a variety_n of_o foreign_a merchandise_n so_o that_o they_o hardly_o suffice_v to_o pay_v for_o the_o cloth_n silk_n jewel_n tapestry_n the_o fruit_n spice_n saltfish_n wine_n tin_n and_o steel_n bring_v in_o from_o england_n flanders_n portugal_n and_o spain_n etc._n etc._n but_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n the_o people_n be_v neither_o industrious_a nor_o addict_v to_o trade_n the_o nobility_n be_v forbid_v it_o by_o their_o own_o constitution_n upon_o the_o forfeiture_n of_o their_o honour_n and_o the_o commonalty_n for_o the_o most_o part_n want_v estate_n sufficient_a to_o promote_v it_o beside_o those_o of_o better_a fortune_n spend_v too_o much_o of_o their_o revenue_n in_o costly_a apparel_n and_o furnish_v their_o table_n by_o which_o mean_n instead_o of_o save_v and_o lay_v up_o they_o become_v very_o poor_a or_o at_o least_o always_o in_o a_o want_a condition_n to_o which_o we_o may_v add_v that_o their_o country_n lie_v not_o commodious_o for_o traffic_v not_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o any_o considerable_a port_n town_n dantzick_n only_o except_v the_o chief_a strength_n of_o poland_n consist_v in_o their_o cavalry_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a and_o ready_o raise_v strength_n military_a strength_n the_o nobility_n be_v bind_v by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n to_o attend_v the_o king_n in_o all_o expedition_n for_o the_o security_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o such_o case_n the_o king_n send_v his_o summons-into_a all_o the_o palatinate_v which_o be_v proclaim_v three_o time_n and_o at_o a_o month_n distance_n from_o one_o another_o upon_o the_o three_o proclamation_n the_o nobility_n be_v oblige_v to_o repair_v to_o the_o paricular_a rendezvous_n of_o their_o own_o palatine_a who_o lead_v they_o to_o the_o general_a rendezvous_n and_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o other_o burden_n they_o bear_v their_o own_o charge_n all_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n if_o there_o be_v any_o that_o refuse_v to_o appear_v their_o good_n be_v present_o confiscate_v to_o the_o use_n of_o the_o king_n table_n they_o all_o serve_v on_o horseback_n and_o be_v enroll_v above_o 200000_o yet_o in_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v very_o few_o fortify_v place_n on_o any_o side_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o frontier_n they_o can_v hardly_o draw_v together_o above_o 100000_o without_o leave_v their_o province_n too_o naked_a but_o these_o force_n when_o assemble_v serve_v only_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o
generis_fw-la quam_fw-la meritis_fw-la in_o patriam_fw-la honoratiss_fw-la o_o viro_fw-la d._n o_o nicolao_n von_n bodeck_n consuli_fw-la et_fw-la primario_fw-la judici_fw-la in_o celeberrion_n totius_fw-la maris_fw-la baltici_n emporio_fw-la urbe_fw-la gedanensi_fw-la artium_fw-la literarumque_fw-la â—autori_fw-la benevolentiss_fw-la o_o d._n d._n d._n joannes_n janssonius_n masovia_n masovia_n call_v by_o the_o polander_n mazowsze_v by_o the_o german_n die_v masaw_n lie_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o poland_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n with_o lithuania_n and_o polessia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o the_o lesser_a poland_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o palatinate_n of_o rava_n it_o be_v usual_o divide_v into_o these_o four_o part_n the_o palatinate_v of_o podlachia_n plockzo_n masovia_n strict_o so_o call_v and_o the_o territory_n of_o dobrin_n which_o last_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o plockzo_n there_o be_v different_a conjecture_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o its_o name_n the_o most_o common_o receive_v be_v that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o mieceslaus_n the_o second_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n not_o endure_v the_o impotent_a and_o effeminate_a government_n of_o his_o survive_a queen_n rixo_n lay_v hand_n upon_o what_o every_o man_n can_v catch_v among_o these_o masos_n or_o as_o other_o call_v he_o maslaus_n former_o cupbearer_n to_o the_o decease_a king_n sieze_v upon_o that_o large_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o he_o after_o his_o own_o name_n call_v masovia_n this_o masos_n be_v afterward_o overcome_v by_o casimir_n the_o first_o by_o who_o he_o be_v take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o be_v again_o restore_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n though_o it_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o masovia_n but_o stanislaus_n serictius_n reject_v in_o part_n this_o story_n derive_v more_o probable_o the_o massovii_n from_o the_o massagetes_n i_o know_v say_v he_o what_o our_o historian_n have_v write_v touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o massovians_n but_o it_o seem_v incredible_a to_o i_o that_o so_o famous_a and_o courageous_a a_o people_n shall_v stoop_v to_o borrow_v their_o denomination_n from_o so_o mean_v a_o person_n in_o the_o year_n 1220_o lescus_n the_o white_a in_o the_o parliament_n of_o sandomir_n grant_v the_o dukedom_n of_o masovia_n cujavia_n and_o dobrinia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n from_o which_o time_n it_o be_v govern_v by_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o do_v homage_n however_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n till_o the_o the_o year_n 1495_o but_o then_o the_o race_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n begin_v to_o fail_v for_o that_o year_n john_n duke_n of_o masovia_n die_v a_o bachelor_n upon_o which_o john_n albert_n reunited_a plockzo_n to_o the_o crown_n leave_v the_o rest_n of_o masovia_n to_o his_o brother_n conrade_n which_o after_o his_o decease_n in_o the_o year_n 1503_o be_v grant_v to_o his_o child_n upon_o condition_n that_o for_o default_n of_o male_a issue_n it_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o crown_n which_o be_v effect_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n the_o first_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o palatinate_n of_o podlachia_n former_o belong_v to_o masovia_n and_o join_v by_o casimir_n jagellon_n to_o lithuania_n return_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o there_o be_v no_o peculiar_a bishop_n in_o masovia_n but_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v divide_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o posnan_n plockzo_n and_o luceoria_n the_o metropolis_n of_o masovia_n be_v warsaw_n by_o the_o polander_v call_v warfrawa_n seat_v in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n upon_o the_o vistula_n encompass_v with_o a_o double_a wall_n and_o deep_a ditch_n distant_a 40_o german_n or_o 160_o english_a mile_n from_o posen_n and_o cracow_n here_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n keep_v his_o court_n in_o a_o large_a four_o square_a palace_n build_v by_o 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manner_n of_o the_o laplander_n live_v in_o summer_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o laplander_n live_v in_o winter_n f._n h._n van._n hove_n sculp_v r._n t_o honorable_n antony_z earl_n of_o shaftsbury_n if_o any_o one_o be_v dangerous_o sick_a they_o either_o send_v for_o the_o priest_n if_o near_o to_o prepare_v he_o for_o death_n or_o to_o the_o magician_n to_o resolve_v they_o by_o his_o drum_n if_o he_o shall_v recover_v part_v their_o respect_n betwixt_o god_n minister_n and_o the_o devil_n servant_n if_o he_o die_v they_o imagine_v that_o his_o soul_n be_v not_o at_o rest_n till_o the_o body_n be_v in_o the_o grave_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n use_v all_o haste_n possible_a to_o convey_v it_o to_o some_o buryingplace_n which_o be_v frequent_o the_o near_a cave_n or_o wood_n churchyard_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o remoteness_n they_o seldom_o make_v use_n of_o the_o dead_a body_n they_o carry_v upon_o a_o sledd_a and_o when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o cave_n cast_v it_o in_o and_o the_o sledd_a after_o it_o or_o else_o cover_v it_o with_o great_a log_n of_o wood_n to_o secure_v it_o from_o wild_a beast_n always_o lay_v beside_o it_o a_o flint_n and_o steel_n and_o sometime_o a_o hatchet_n which_o they_o suppose_v may_v be_v serviceable_a to_o they_o in_o the_o other_o world_n at_o their_o return_n they_o provide_v a_o funeral_n banquet_n or_o rather_o a_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o ghost_n of_o the_o decease_a person_n which_o be_v thus_o they_o take_v those_o rain-deer_n that_o drag_v the_o dead_a body_n to_o the_o grave_n and_o offer_v they_o in_o sacrifice_n to_o the_o mane_n feast_v upon_o their_o flesh_n and_o make_v merry_a with_o brandy_n and_o tobacco_n and_o the_o best_a cheer_n they_o have_v at_o last_o they_o drink_v a_o health_n round_o to_o the_o person_n depart_v this_o do_v they_o careful_o gather_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o rain-deer_n put_v they_o into_o a_o box_n with_o a_o rude_a image_n of_o their_o friend_n and_o so_o bury_v they_o together_o these_o ceremony_n observe_v also_o in_o their_o heathenism_n show_v that_o even_o then_o as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o dictate_v of_o nature_n they_o conceive_v themselves_o to_o consist_v of_o a_o immortal_a part_n also_o and_o that_o they_o expect_v another_o life_n after_o this_o wherein_o they_o imagine_v every_o one_o to_o follow_v their_o former_a employment_n and_o consequent_o to_o be_v again_o unite_v to_o their_o body_n the_o life_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o laplander_n as_o it_o be_v express_v in_o the_o plate_n here_o annex_v the_o upper-part_n be_v their_o summer-living_a the_o underpart_n their_o way_n of_o live_v in_o winter_n in_o the_o upper-part_n you_o have_v 1_o a_o church_n for_o those_o who_o be_v convert_v to_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o which_o in_o lieu_n of_o a_o 2_o basin_n of_o holywater_n there_o stand_v one_o full_a of_o brandywine_n with_o a_o spoon_n in_o it_o of_o which_o every_o one_o who_o come_v to_o church_n take_v a_o sup_n to_o encourage_v and_o warm_v his_o zeal_n the_o first_o man_n you_o see_v represent_v the_o 3_o priest_n the_o next_o the_o best_a 4_o man_n of_o the_o parish_n then_o follow_v a_o 5_o bride_n attend_v upon_o by_o two_o 6_o bridemaid_n after_o who_o come_v the_o 7_o bridegroom_n and_o other_o friend_n 8_o their_o manner_n of_o make_v basket_n which_o be_v their_o great_a trade_n 9_o their_o way_n of_o carry_v and_o of_o rock_v their_o child_n 10_o the_o manner_n how_o the_o young_a child_n grow_v up_o suck_v the_o rain-deer_n 11_o the_o man_n and_o wife_n way_n of_o lie_v in_o bed_n 12_o their_o house_n for_o keep_v their_o provision_n themselves_o in_o the_o cold_a part_n of_o winter_n lie_v in_o tent_n 13_o their_o manner_n of_o eat_v 14_o the_o priest_n way_n of_o baptise_v and_o the_o clark_n bring_v water_n 15_o their_o way_n of_o wire-drawing_a which_o be_v much_o use_v among_o they_o for_o adorn_v of_o their_o boot_n and_o coat_n 16_o among_o those_o who_o be_v not_o yet_o convert_v to_o the_o christian_a religion_n you_o have_v their_o way_n of_o sacrifice_v 17_o their_o three_o god_n stand_v uppermost_a and_o under_o each_o of_o they_o upon_o the_o altar_n lie_v three_o piece_n of_o the_o sacrifice_a rain-deer_n 18_o their_o way_n of_o pray_v to_o they_o 19_o their_o way_n of_o burial_n 20_o their_o way_n of_o pray_v to_o death_n that_o it_o will_v be_v please_v to_o spare_v they_o awhile_o in_o the_o underpart_n you_o have_v 1_o their_o manner_n of_o bring_v their_o tax_n consist_v of_o several_a sort_n of_o skin_n and_o dry_a fish_n to_o the_o king_n commissioner_n which_o be_v pay_v each_o one_o take_v a_o large_a spoonful_n of_o brandywine_n which_o stand_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n and_o so_o away_o above_o which_o you_o see_v the_o 2_o commissioner_n tent._n 3_o their_o way_n of_o travel_v in_o sledd_n draw_v by_o rain-deer_n which_o by_o the_o by_o do_v agree_v so_o well_o with_o those_o barren_a country_n that_o if_o you_o do_v but_o bring_v they_o into_o sweden_n which_o yet_o be_v none_o of_o the_o most_o fertile_a they_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n 4_o their_o way_n of_o carry_v their_o good_n 5_o their_o manner_n of_o rule_v their_o rain-deer_n with_o a_o whip_n or_o line_n 6_o their_o way_n of_o shoot_v they_o 7_o their_o take_a tobacco_n which_o they_o prize_v above_o meat_n 8_o their_o speak_n in_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o rain-deer_n tell_v they_o what_o they_o shall_v do_v or_o whither_o they_o shall_v go_v which_o as_o i_o be_o credible_o inform_v they_o will_v observe_v exact_o 9_o their_o manner_n of_o gelding_n they_o 10_o their_o way_n of_o lay_v their_o head_n under_o a_o drum_n which_o the_o devil_n beat_v and_o from_o thence_o the_o man_n learn_v what_o success_n he_o shall_v have_v in_o his_o affair_n 11_o his_o give_v the_o man_n the_o hammer_n and_o let_v he_o beat_v of_o the_o province_n of_o sweden_n proper_o so_o take_v next_o to_o be_v speak_v to_o be_v suecia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o call_v of_o which_o because_o it_o have_v be_v honour_v always_o by_o the_o residence_n of_o their_o king_n and_o be_v the_o chief_a scene_n of_o swedish_n affair_n we_o shall_v in_o the_o first_o place_n treat_v and_o afterward_o speak_v of_o gothia_n or_o gothland_n with_o all_o its_o province_n rather_o as_o a_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n than_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n from_o it_o though_o ancient_o gothia_n and_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a succession_n of_o king_n of_o finland_n ingria_n and_o aesthonia_n with_o the_o late_a conquest_n in_o livonia_n pomeren_n etc._n etc._n we_o shall_v in_o the_o last_o place_n discourse_n reserve_v the_o law_n and_o government_n as_o also_o the_o manner_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o people_n till_o we_o come_v to_o stockholm_n the_o present_a metropolis_n of_o this_o great_a empire_n suecia_n then_o suecia_n suecia_n or_o suetia_n call_v by_o the_o english_a sweden_n or_o swedland_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o lapland_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o dofrine_n hill_n on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o bothnick_a and_o finnick_n bay_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o gothland_n and_o sconen_n a_o fruitful_a but_o in_o some_o part_n mountainous_a and_o woody_a country_n abound_v with_o several_a rich_a mine_n and_o afford_v very_o great_a conveniency_n of_o water_n and_o fuel_n for_o work_v they_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o general_a part_n viz._n suecia_n strict_o so_o take_v and_o the_o northlands_n or_o northlandish_a province_n i._o the_o northlands_n contain_v in_o they_o two_o distinct_a country_n or_o province_n helsingia_n and_o gestricia_n part_v one_o from_o the_o other_o by_o the_o great_a wood_n oedemord_v 1._o gestricia_n gestricia_n gestricia_n which_o afford_v some_o
iron-mine_n and_o indifferent_a good_a store_n of_o corn_n it_o have_v but_o one_o city_n in_o it_o call_v gevalia_n commodious_o situate_v upon_o the_o bay_n of_o bothnia_n half_o a_o day_n journey_n from_o kupferberg_n 2._o helsingia_n helsingia_n helsingia_n which_o be_v ancient_o a_o general_a name_n for_o all_o the_o northern_a province_n from_o the_o north-sea_n to_o the_o river_n vla_n and_o the_o lake_n vlatresk_n in_o the_o north_n of_o cajania_n as_o appear_v from_o some_o record_n of_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o telgis_n a._n 1328_o and_o a_o distinct_a kingdom_n of_o itself_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o king_n till_o the_o time_n of_o ingellus_fw-la the_o second_o king_n of_o vpsal_n so_o be_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n ancient_o style_v who_o at_o his_o coronation_n invite_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n to_o the_o solemnity_n and_o after_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n set_v fire_n on_o the_o palace_n and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v their_o possession_n which_o ever_o after_o be_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n have_v ancient_o a_o peculiar_a language_n of_o their_o own_o and_o also_o a_o alphabet_n altogether_o distinct_a from_o the_o runick_a as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a monument_n find_v among_o they_o they_o be_v record_v to_o have_v fight_v many_o famous_a battle_n with_o their_o neighbour_n of_o finland_n carelia_n and_o cajania_n and_o after_o have_v drive_v some_o of_o their_o enemy_n as_o far_o as_o the_o sund_n in_o memory_n of_o their_o conquest_n and_o to_o eternize_v their_o name_n to_o have_v build_v the_o city_n helsingburg_n from_o they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v come_v the_o nylander_n who_o border_n upon_o carelia_n and_o use_v the_o same_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o this_o day_n the_o native_n be_v general_o very_o hospitable_a and_o courteous_a to_o stranger_n of_o a_o docile_a and_o ingenious_a disposition_n and_o above_o all_o thing_n endeavour_v to_o be_v neat_a and_o handsome_a within_o door_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o helsingia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o province_n 1._o helsingia_n proper_o so_o call_v helsingia_n helsingia_n heretofore_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o sundhede_v which_o have_v in_o it_o three_o lesser_a division_n alora_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n liusna_n sundhede_v in_o the_o midst_n whereof_o be_v the_o lake_n dil_n and_o nordstigh_a not_o far_o from_o the_o wood_n arskog_n the_o soil_n be_v indifferent_o fruitful_a for_o corn_n but_o chief_o for_o pasture_n the_o inhabitant_n most_o employ_v themselves_o in_o feed_v and_o manage_v their_o stock_n of_o cattle_n here_o be_v but_o one_o city_n in_o the_o whole_a country_n call_v hudingsvaldia_n remarkable_a for_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n butter_n hydes_n pitch_n rosin_n mast_n of_o ship_n and_o deal-board_n that_o be_v convey_v hence_o into_o other_o country_n 2._o medelpadia_n medelpadia_n medelpadia_n much_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o helsingia_n but_o only_o it_o be_v narrow_a and_o abound_v more_o with_o wood_n and_o mountain_n in_o it_o be_v two_o river_n very_o full_a of_o fish_n some_o say_v the_o king_n of_o helsingia_n ancient_o reside_v here_o 3._o angermannia_n a_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a angermannia_n angermannia_n yet_o in_o some_o place_n mountainous_a country_n the_o soil_n be_v so_o good_a and_o certain_a that_o though_o it_o bear_v corn_n plentiful_o it_o need_v not_o be_v manure_v above_o once_o in_o ten_o year_n it_o be_v divide_v in_o the_o middle_n into_o two_o part_n the_o northern_a and_o southern_a by_o a_o great_a wood_n which_o run_v all_o along_o from_o the_o ragged_a mountain_n scula_n and_o thence_o take_v its_o name_n water_v it_o be_v by_o only_o one_o river_n well_o store_v with_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n secure_v by_o one_o city_n name_v hernosandia_n yield_v the_o same_o commodity_n as_o hudingsvaldia_n only_o it_o afford_v no_o copper_n 4._o bothnia_n bothnia_n bothnia_n not_o so_o full_a of_o mountain_n as_o angermannia_n of_o a_o sandy_a and_o barren_a turf_n but_o well_o supply_v with_o fish_n and_o other_o commodity_n it_o have_v in_o it_o several_a river_n of_o considerable_a bigness_n which_o empty_a themselves_o into_o the_o bothnick-bay_n city_n here_o be_v none_o but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o a_o frequency_n of_o market-town_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o numerous_a as_o the_o parish_n the_o advantage_n of_o this_o country_n be_v chief_o by_o the_o trade_n from_o the_o near_a part_n of_o lapland_n which_o be_v manage_v chief_o by_o the_o birkarli_n and_o all_o come_v to_o the_o seaside_n this_o way_n ii_o sueonia_n or_o sweden_n strict_o so_o take_v sueonia_n sueonia_n which_o contain_v in_o it_o these_o five_o province_n vplandia_n westmannia_n dalecarlia_n nericia_n and_o sudermannia_n dalecarliae_fw-la et_fw-la westmanniae_fw-la nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la viro_fw-la illust_n mo_z d._n no_o petro_n julio_n coyet_n equite_v aurato_fw-la s._n r._n m._n sueciae_fw-la cosiliario_n aulico_fw-la scretario_n status_fw-la et_fw-la nunc_fw-la ad_fw-la confoederatos_fw-la belgas_n extra_fw-la ordinem_fw-la ablegato_fw-la d._n d._n d._n joh._n janssonius_n vplandia_n 2._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o on_o the_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o dalecarlia_n lie_v west_n or_o wester-mannia_a or_o westmannerland_n border_v upon_o upland_n and_o gestricia_n it_o be_v according_a to_o the_o several_a dale_n or_o division_n that_o be_v in_o it_o divide_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n oster_n wester_n and_n sun-dalia_a the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o the_o mine_n very_o considerable_a afford_v steel_n iron_n copper_n lead_v and_o some_o vein_n of_o sulphur_n in_o great_a quantity_n than_o those_o of_o any_o other_o province_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n there_o be_v also_o a_o silver_n i_o discover_v and_o make_v use_v of_o at_o salberg_n the_o city_n here_o be_v three_o arosia_n arbogia_n and_o kope_v the_o chief_a of_o these_o be_v arosia_n or_o westeras_n a_o bishop_n seat_n where_o in_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v several_a great_a stone_n with_o gothick_n inscription_n as_o there_o be_v likewise_o at_o stregnesia_n in_o this_o city_n the_o agreement_n by_o which_o the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v change_v from_o a_o elective_a to_o a_o hereditary_a monarchy_n be_v conclude_v ann_n 1540_o in_o the_o time_n of_o gustavus_n i._o and_o thence_o call_v pactum_fw-la arosiense_n the_o history_n be_v thus_o the_o swede_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v the_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n of_o christiern_n ii_o then_o king_n both_o of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n forsake_v their_o allegiance_n to_o he_o and_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o prince_n gustavus_n who_o have_v wonderful_o escape_v from_o his_o imprisonment_n in_o denmark_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o he_o expel_v he_o their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o gain_v their_o former_a liberty_n and_o privilege_n whereupon_o to_o requite_v their_o general_n for_o this_o signal_n good_a he_o have_v do_v the_o public_a they_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o one_o canutus_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n and_o johannes_n gothus_n the_o pope_n legate_n ann_n 1523_o unanimous_o elect_v he_o king_n and_o consider_v how_o much_o it_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o have_v the_o succession_n ascertain_v to_o his_o issue_n they_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o whole_o give_v up_o their_o power_n of_o elect_v their_o king_n for_o the_o future_a and_o by_o oath_n and_o solemn_a covenant_n settle_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o which_o confidence_n of_o the_o people_n in_o their_o prince_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o event_n for_o the_o new_a king_n be_v so_o far_o from_o abuse_v his_o absolute_a power_n that_o in_o that_o very_a year_n he_o publish_v many_o law_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o people_n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d south_n of_o westmannia_n lie_v nericia_n a_o little_a but_o fruitful_a province_n yield_v good_a store_n of_o sulphur_n alum_n and_o vitriol_n some_o silver_n mine_n there_o be_v but_o not_o labour_v most_o of_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v smith_n who_o supply_v the_o whole_a country_n especial_o those_o that_o work_n in_o the_o mine_n with_o iron_n instrument_n of_o all_o sort_n here_o be_v one_o city_n name_v orebrogia_n 4._o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o south_n or_o southeast_n of_o nericia_n lie_v sudermannia_n or_o sudermanland_n have_v on_o the_o east_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ostrogothia_a on_o the_o south_n and_o the_o lake_n meller_n on_o the_o north._n it_o be_v famous_a for_o several_a city_n it_o contain_v the_o chief_a and_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v nicopia_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n here_o also_o be_v the_o place_n for_o building_n of_o ship_n the_o workman_n be_v good_a and_o material_n cheap_a next_o to_o this_o be_v stregnesia_n a_o bishop_n seat_n with_o telga_n torsilia_n and_o trosa_n all_o commodious_a for_o
gustavus_n x._o ann_n 1655_o and_o by_o this_o present_a king_n charles_n xi_o in_o 1663._o public_o ratify_v and_o subscribe_v to_o and_o ever_o since_o by_o he_o maintain_v so_o that_o lutheranism_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v take_v deep_a root_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o clergy_n of_o sweden_n be_v have_v in_o great_a honour_n and_o reputation_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o though_o the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o the_o church_n be_v since_o the_o reformation_n very_o much_o impair_v gustavus_n i._n annex_v as_o it_o be_v say_v to_o the_o crown_n at_o one_o time_n 7500_o farm_n and_o ecclesiastical_a live_n yet_o the_o respect_n due_a to_o their_o minister_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v much_o abate_v their_o archbishop_n always_o perform_v the_o religious_a solemnity_n at_o the_o king_n coronation_n and_z with_o as_o many_o bishop_n as_o the_o king_n please_v to_o choose_v be_v admit_v privy-counsellor_n to_o his_o majesty_n he_o be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a person_n in_o the_o kingdom_n next_o 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king_n only_o 3._o for_o the_o military_a officer_n the_o principal_a be_v the_o grand_a marshal_n or_o generalissimo_n of_o the_o king_n force_n next_o be_v the_o high_a admiral_n of_o the_o kingdom_n with_o the_o several_a other_o officer_n not_o different_a from_o those_o in_o other_o state_n beside_o these_o chief_a officer_n of_o state_n each_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n have_v its_o peculiar_a governor_n call_v landshere_n or_o stathallar_n who_o power_n be_v very_o great_a and_o office_n considerable_a under_o he_o there_o be_v in_o every_o province_n as_o many_o lands-man_n and_o nemdary_n or_o nempman_n as_o there_o be_v district_n or_o praefecture_n in_o it_o all_o which_o have_v distinct_a and_o subordinate_a office_n appeal_n lie_v from_o the_o low_a to_o the_o next_o immediate_o above_o it_o and_o so_o to_o the_o supreme_a court_n of_o judicature_n the_o king_n chamber_n all_o action_n acquiesce_v in_o the_o king_n as_o the_o source_n and_o
serve_v for_o a_o good_a landmark_n to_o the_o seaman_n that_o sail_v along_o this_o dangerous_a shore_n this_o church_n be_v first_o build_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o hill_n by_o king_n eric_n barn_n who_o st._n ansgar_n have_v convert_v to_o christianity_n about_o the_o year_n 848._o near_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o year_n after_o upon_o the_o reclaim_n of_o the_o dane_n from_o the_o idolatry_n they_o be_v relapse_v into_o this_o church_n be_v turn_v into_o a_o cathedral_n and_o ripen_v make_v a_o bishop_n see_v as_o it_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o there_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o a_o university_n at_o ripen_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o copenhagen_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n of_o moment_n in_o this_o diocese_n be_v 1._o kolding_n first_o build_v by_o eric_n glip_v about_o the_o year_n 1268_o in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n of_o the_o same_o name_n and_o fortify_v with_o such_o strong_a wall_n and_o good_a ditch_n as_o make_v it_o a_o city_n able_a to_o defend_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o danish_a dominion_n which_o in_o those_o day_n reach_v no_o further_a south_n than_o this_o place_n but_o they_o that_o think_v kolding_n have_v its_o name_n from_o ptolomy_n chali_n who_o seem_v to_o be_v place_v in_o this_o part_n of_o jutland_n make_v it_o a_o city_n much_o more_o ancient_a christian_n iii_o be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o the_o situation_n of_o it_o and_o plenty_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o the_o country_n adjoin_v that_o he_o remove_v his_o court_n to_o the_o castle_n arnsburgh_n which_o hang_v over_o the_o town_n which_o he_o repair_v and_o in_o which_o he_o end_v his_o day_n on_o the_o south_n the_o city_n be_v wash_v by_o a_o river_n which_o divide_v the_o northern_a jutland_n from_o the_o southern_a and_o separate_v itself_o into_o two_o branch_n be_v empty_v soon_o after_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n the_o bridge_n over_o this_o river_n bring_v yearly_o a_o great_a treasure_n into_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n coffer_n for_o beside_o the_o impost_n upon_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o commodity_n for_o every_o ox_n or_o horse_n that_o pass_v this_o bridge_n towards_o holstein_n or_o any_o of_o the_o hans_n town_n the_o owner_n pay_v a_o rixdollar_n which_o consider_v the_o infinite_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o kine_n which_o be_v yearly_o send_v this_o way_n out_o of_o the_o northern_a jutland_n must_v needs_o amount_v to_o a_o vast_a revenue_n 2._o we_o will_v a_o compact_n neat_a and_o well_o build_v city_n on_o the_o baltic_a shore_n but_o not_o very_o large_a 3._o ward_n 4._o rinkope_v both_o seat_v near_o the_o western-shore_n upon_o the_o same_o river_n 5._o holstebro_fw-la 6._o lemwick_n which_o be_v the_o outmost_a bound_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o ripen_v northward_o seat_v on_o the_o limfiord_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n at_o jell_v a_o small_a village_n in_o this_o bishopric_n not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n we_o will_v be_v to_o be_v see_v one_o of_o the_o most_o famon_n runic_a monument_n that_o the_o three_o northern_a kingdom_n afford_v this_o village_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o one_o elling_n a_o general_n of_o the_o cimbrian_o and_o fancy_v to_o have_v be_v the_o seat_n of_o several_a danish_a king_n the_o inscription_n have_v be_v think_v worthy_a the_o diligent_a enquiry_n of_o jos_n scaliger_n bonaventura_n vulcanius_n lindenbrogius_fw-la stephanius_n and_o wormius_n and_o may_v therefore_o just_o challenge_v a_o place_n in_o our_o description_n of_o this_o province_n the_o word_n be_v these_o haralter_n kunugr_n bad_a kaurva_fw-la kubl_n dausi_fw-la eft_o gurm_n fadur_v sin_n aug_n eft_o thiurni_n mudur_fw-fr sinasa_fw-la haraltr_n kesor_fw-la van_fw-mi tanmaurk_n alla_fw-mi aug_fw-mi nurvieg_n aug_n tini_fw-la folk_n kristno_n i._n e._n harald_n the_o king_n command_v this_o tomb_n to_o be_v build_v in_o remembrance_n of_o gormo_n his_o father_n and_o thyra_n his_o mother_n harald_n the_o emperor_n win_v denmark_n and_o all_o norway_n and_o christen_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o kingdom_n how_o worthy_a queen_n thyra_n be_v of_o such_o a_o last_a monument_n as_o this_o we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o shall_v in_o this_o place_n only_o take_v notice_n of_o king_n harald_n style_v himself_n kesor_n or_o emperor_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v do_v in_o contempt_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o first_o who_o have_v conquer_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n annex_v this_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o dominion_n and_o write_v himself_o emperor_n of_o the_o north_n till_o this_o king_n harald_n blaatand_n force_v he_o to_o retire_v and_o make_v he_o part_v with_o not_o only_o whatever_o he_o have_v take_v in_o jutland_n but_o a_o great_a part_n of_o saxony_n after_o so_o great_a a_o conquest_n and_o defeat_n of_o so_o mighty_a a_o emperor_n he_o have_v reason_n to_o assume_v a_o title_n as_o swell_v as_o ever_o otho_n can_v pretend_v to_o who_o come_v no_o further_o than_o othesundt_fw-mi with_o his_o army_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v true_a what_o helmoldus_n report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o be_v so_o far_o king_n of_o saxony_n as_o to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o this_o day_n observe_v in_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a saxony_n and_o contain_v in_o their_o saxon-spiegel_n southern_a jutland_n the_o southern_a jutland_n which_o be_v often_o comprehend_v under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o sleswic_n reach_v from_o kolding_n and_o the_o river_n leewens_n aa_n as_o far_o as_o the_o dannewirk_n which_o be_v reckon_v about_o eighteen_o german_a mile_n the_o breadth_n of_o it_o do_v not_o anywhere_o exceed_v eight_o seldom_o six_o mile_n the_o chief_a city_n sleswic_n sleswic_n which_o sometime_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v sleswic_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o river_n or_o rather_o a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n de_fw-fr slye_n so_o that_o sleswic_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o village_n call_v ancient_o by_o the_o saxon_n wic_n by_o the_o hollander_n to_o this_o day_n wiick_n and_o the_o latin_n vicus_n upon_o the_o slye_n hence_o the_o ancient_a people_n of_o these_o part_n be_v call_v by_o ptolemy_n sigulones_n which_o some_o read_v slieuâ—nes_n i.e._n wooner_n or_o dweller_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o sly_a adam_n bremensis_n call_v the_o town_n slias-wig_a and_o ethelwerd_v a_o ancient_a english-saxon_a historian_n give_v we_o this_o account_n of_o it_o anglia_fw-it vetus_fw-la sita_fw-la est_fw-la inter_fw-la saxones_n &_o giotos_n habens_fw-la oppidum_fw-la capitale_n quod_fw-la sermone_fw-la saxonico_n sleswic_n nuncupatur_fw-la secundum_fw-la danos_n vero_fw-la haithaby_n i._n e._n old_a england_n lie_v between_o saxony_n and_o jutland_n the_o metropolis_n of_o which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o saxon_n sleswic_n but_o by_o the_o dane_n haithaby_n in_o a_o old_a history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a it_o be_v call_v sliestorff_n it_o have_v its_o danish_a name_n haitheby_o say_v pontanus_n from_o hetha_n a_o certain_a queen_n of_o denmark_n which_o assertion_n seem_v confirm_v by_o a_o passage_n in_o the_o preface_n to_o king_n aelfred_n english-saxon_a translation_n of_o orosius_n and_o of_o scipinge_n heal_v he_o cÆ¿aeþ_n ê§_n he_o seglode_v on_o fif_n dagan_a to_o þem_v porte_fw-fr þe_fw-fr mon_fw-fr haetaet_fw-la haeðh_n um_o se_fw-mi stint_v betÆ¿uh_o winedum_o &_o seaxum_n &_o angle_n &_o hyrðh_n in_o on_o dene_fw-mi i.e._n and_o from_o sciringes-heal_a he_o say_v that_o he_o sail_v in_o five_o day_n to_o the_o port_n which_o be_v call_v haethe_n which_o stand_v between_o the_o vandal_n vinedi_fw-la saxon_n and_o the_o angle_n to_o who_o it_o be_v subject_a it_o be_v questionless_a heretofore_o a_o city_n much_o frequent_v by_o merchant_n from_o britain_n france_n spain_n flanders_n and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o trade_a world_n adam_n bremensis_n who_o live_v about_o the_o year_n 1100_o call_v it_o civitatem_fw-la opulentissimam_fw-la ac_fw-la populosissimam_fw-la i.e._n a_o city_n exceed_v rich_a and_o populous_a and_o so_o it_o must_v needs_o have_v be_v for_o before_o mariner_n learn_v perfect_o the_o way_n of_o shun_v the_o dangerous_a sand_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o jutland_n and_o at_o the_o entrance_n into_o the_o baltic_a carriage_n be_v usual_o bring_v up_o the_o eidor_n and_o threan_a as_o far_o as_o holl_v by_o ship_n and_o thence_o convey_v by_o land_n to_o sleswic_n where_o they_o be_v again_o ship_v and_o so_o transport_v into_o zeeland_n sweden_n etc._n etc._n the_o citizen_n here_o be_v first_o convert_v to_o christianity_n and_o the_o great_a church_n build_v by_o king_n eric_n barn_n assist_v by_o st._n anchar_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o not_o long_o after_o in_o the_o year_n 1064_o the_o slavonian_n make_v incursion_n into_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n
neutrality_n and_o commerce_n and_o of_o all_o their_o right_n and_o privilege_n and_o that_o the_o right_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v maintain_v to_o which_o the_o king_n return_v they_o a_o kind_a answer_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o good_a will_n and_o that_o he_o will_v punctual_o observe_v on_o his_o part_n this_o agreement_n which_o do_v within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o the_o danish_a army_n decamp_v other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o note_n in_o stormar_n be_v 1._o gluckstadt_n build_v and_o well_o fortify_v by_o king_n christian_n iv_o who_o much_o delight_v in_o its_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o much_o improve_v by_o his_o successor_n it_o give_v sufficient_a proof_n of_o its_o strength_n soon_o after_o the_o first_o building_n of_o it_o when_o it_o withstand_v and_o beat_v back_o the_o emperor_n army_n and_o hold_v out_o a_o siege_n of_o almost_o two_o year_n continuance_n without_o yield_v at_o last_o it_o command_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o elb_n so_o that_o it_o high_o concern_v the_o hamburgher_n to_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n except_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o fort_n and_o so_o secure_a a_o free_a passage_n both_o for_o their_o man_n of_o war_n and_o merchant-ship_n 2._o crempe_n seat_v on_o a_o small_a river_n of_o the_o same_o name_n this_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o key_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o denmark_n and_o in_o the_o german_a war_n give_v a_o good_a testimony_n of_o its_o so_o be_v when_o in_o the_o year_n 1627._o and_o 1628._o it_o brave_o resist_v the_o fortunate_a german_a general_n count_n wallenstein_n for_o thirteen_o month_n together_o and_o at_o last_o be_v yield_v upon_o honourable_a term_n it_o owe_v the_o chief_a of_o its_o strength_n to_o king_n christian_n iu._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o a_o wall_n and_o ditch_n 3._o itzehoa_o seat_v on_o the_o navigable_a river_n stoer_n which_o furnish_v it_o with_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n from_o abroad_o 4._o bredenberg_n one_o of_o the_o neat_a little_a town_n in_o all_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n territory_n the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a family_n of_o the_o rantzow_n very_o remarkable_a for_o the_o stout_a resistance_n it_o make_v count_n wallenstein_n who_o have_v at_o last_o take_v it_o by_o storm_n put_v all_o the_o garrison_n in_o it_o to_o the_o sword_n wagria_n wagria_n or_o wagerland_n be_v almost_o gird_v round_o with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o two_o rivers_n trave_n and_o suentin_n the_o whole_a length_n of_o it_o from_o odelslo_n as_o far_o as_o the_o village_n grotenbro_n amount_v to_o near_o forty-eight_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n about_o twenty_o it_o be_v observable_a that_o the_o prince_n of_o holstein_n though_o they_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o every_o other_o province_n in_o that_o dukedom_n have_v not_o the_o arm_n of_o this_o country_n which_o be_v a_o bulls-head_n in_o their_o coat_n perhaps_o because_o the_o arm_n of_o oldenburgh_n be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o represent_v the_o whole_a province_n plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o ancient_a cimbrian_o who_o first_o make_v a_o inroad_n into_o italy_n bear_v a_o bull's-head_n sable_a in_o a_o field_n gules_a which_o show_v of_o how_o venerable_a a_o antiquity_n the_o arm_n of_o wagerland_n be_v and_o how_o just_o they_o may_v claim_v some_o place_n if_o not_o the_o best_a in_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o wagrii_fw-la a_o people_n in_o slavonia_n who_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o tract_n by_o conquest_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o wagerland_n be_v 1._o lubeck_n lubeck_n lubeck_n seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o river_n trave_n and_o billew_n from_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o its_o situation_n and_o stately_a building_n some_o etymologist_n have_v derive_v the_o name_n of_o this_o city_n call_v it_o lobeck_n or_o ein_fw-ge eck_fw-ge dess_n lobe_n i._n e._n a_o honourable_a corner_n which_o agree_v well_o with_o the_o account_n a_o ancient_a poet_n give_v we_o of_o it_o in_o these_o two_o verse_n angulus_n haec_fw-la laudis_fw-la dicta_fw-la est_fw-la vrbs_fw-la nomine_fw-la prisco_fw-la angulum_fw-la in_o hunc_fw-la fertur_fw-la fluvius_fw-la travenna_n per_fw-la aequor_fw-la it_o be_v rebuilt_a by_o adolph_n ii_o earl_n of_o holstein_n about_o the_o year_n 1143._o but_o within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o grow_v so_o headstrong_a upon_o the_o daily_a accession_n of_o new_a privilege_n and_o charter_n grant_v by_o this_o prince_n and_o his_o successor_n that_o it_o bid_v defiance_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o holstein_n and_o become_v a_o dukedom_n of_o itself_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o it_o be_v make_v a_o member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n upon_o his_o death_n the_o lubecker_n choose_v themselves_o another_o duke_n who_o after_o he_o have_v govern_v they_o five_o year_n be_v vqnquish_v by_o the_o dane_n by_o who_o the_o city_n be_v make_v tributary_n to_o their_o king_n out_o of_o this_o bondage_n it_o be_v rescue_v by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o second_o who_o make_v it_o a_o imperial_a city_n in_o which_o state_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n and_o therefore_o as_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o germany_n will_v be_v describe_v elsewhere_o more_o at_o large_a 2._o segeberge_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n trave_n about_o sixteen_o english_a mile_n from_o lubeck_n it_o be_v ancient_o call_v aelberg_n which_o name_n upon_o the_o build_n of_o the_o castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o adjoin_v craggy_a mountain_n be_v change_v into_o segeberg_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o as_o helmoldus_n tell_v the_o story_n be_v this_o when_o the_o emperor_n lotharius_n begin_v to_o advise_v with_o some_o of_o his_o counsellor_n in_o the_o year_n 1134_o about_o build_v some_o considerable_a fortification_n in_o these_o part_n which_o may_v check_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o sclave_n in_o this_o province_n and_o have_v at_o last_o pitch_v upon_o this_o hill_n as_o the_o most_o convenient_a place_n one_o of_o the_o sclavonian_a prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v speak_v prophetical_o to_o his_o companion_n these_o word_n see_v thou_o the_o fortification_n on_o the_o top_n of_o those_o mountain_n let_v i_o tell_v thou_o it_o will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n prove_v the_o yoke_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n etc._n etc._n whence_o say_v the_o dane_n the_o place_n to_o this_o day_n retain_v the_o name_n of_o segeberg_n which_o in_o high_a dutch_a signify_v behold_v the_o mountain_n 3._o odelso_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o river_n trave_n in_o the_o middle_a way_n between_o segeberg_n and_o lubeck_n in_o the_o year_n 1338_o john_n earl_n of_o wagerland_n buy_v this_o city_n into_o his_o hand_n at_o the_o rate_n of_o ten_o thousand_o mark_n of_o silver_n after_o this_o it_o continue_v in_o a_o very_a flourish_a condition_n till_o eric_n of_o pomeren_n in_o his_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o holstein_n so_o deface_v it_o that_o it_o can_v never_o since_o recover_v its_o ancient_a glory_n 4._o ploen_n a_o ancient_a city_n seat_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o lake_n of_o the_o same_o name_n by_o which_o and_o a_o castle_n build_v not_o many_o year_n since_o by_o joachim_n ernestus_n duke_n of_o holstein_n after_o the_o italian_a fashion_n it_o be_v exceed_o well_o fortify_v in_o the_o further_a corner_n of_o wagerland_n lie_v the_o ancient_a and_o famous_a county_n of_o oldenburgh_n oldenburgh_n oldenburgh_n divide_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o this_o province_n by_o the_o river_n brockaw_n though_o it_o be_v general_o agree_v on_o by_o all_o the_o danish_a writer_n that_o oldenburgh_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o this_o county_n be_v ancient_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o wagrians_n and_o venedi_n then_o warlike_a nation_n to_o who_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v subject_a yet_o we_o find_v no_o mention_n make_v of_o this_o place_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o otho_n the_o great_a who_o after_o he_o have_v vanquish_v the_o venedi_n found_v here_o a_o bishopric_n afterward_o translate_v to_o lubec_n and_o bestow_v it_o on_o marcus_n his_o chancellor_n it_o be_v former_o a_o town_n of_o great_a trade_n and_o exceed_v populous_a have_v be_v beautify_v with_o four_o church_n three_o monastery_n and_o five_o gate_n but_o since_o the_o port_n be_v stop_v up_o at_o the_o command_n of_o queen_n margaret_n its_o glory_n have_v decrease_v daily_a and_o by_o the_o late_a dreadful_a fire_n cause_v by_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n which_o have_v lay_v waste_n the_o best_a and_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n it_o be_v now_o become_v much_o less_o considerable_a than_o it_o be_v before_o nova_fw-la et_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la totius_fw-la fioniae_fw-la vulgo_fw-la funen_n apud_fw-la janssenio-waesbergios_a et_fw-fr moses_n pitt_n the_o baltic_a sea_n ortelius_n out_o of_o pliny_n
this_o city_n be_v express_v by_o westhow_n a_o danish_a poet_n in_o three_o distich_n thus_o fluctibus_fw-la arctoi_fw-la sit_v bella_fw-la coagia_fw-la ponti_fw-la alluor_fw-la hinc_fw-la campus_fw-la subjacet_fw-la inde_fw-la nemus_fw-la quae_fw-la silvae_fw-la utilitas_fw-la agri_fw-la emolumenta_fw-la fretique_n commoda_fw-la sunt_fw-la meus_fw-la haec_fw-la omne_fw-la civis_fw-la habet_fw-la that_o glan_n &_o ligna_fw-la nemus_fw-la that_fw-mi pascua_fw-la campus_fw-la piscibus_fw-la &_o variis_fw-la mercibus_fw-la unda_fw-la beat_v laland_n laland_n or_o lawland_n so_o call_v from_o its_o low_a situation_n be_v a_o island_n about_o 32_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o 20_o in_o breadth_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o seeland_n by_o the_o narrow_a bay_n gronesond_n or_o as_o some_o map_n call_v it_o goldersond_v and_o from_o falster_n by_o a_o bay_n much_o narrow_a than_o the_o former_a it_o be_v a_o very_a fruitful_a country_n and_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n and_o good_a store_n of_o rich_a pasturage_n lyscander_n say_v of_o this_o dukedom_n that_o there_o be_v in_o it_o four_o several_a gentes_fw-la i_o suppose_v he_o mean_v herrit_v or_o lordship_n and_o as_o many_o city_n the_o great_a town_n or_o city_n he_o speak_v of_o be_v 1._o naschaw_n or_o nachscouw_n which_o together_o with_o the_o adjoin_a monastery_n be_v storm_v take_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o lubecker_n in_o the_o year_n 1510._o 2._o sascope_a 3._o newstadt_n once_o famous_a for_o a_o noble_a monastery_n build_v here_o a._n d._n 1286._o 4._o lavinscope_a beside_o these_o the_o nunnery_n of_o mariaebo_n speak_v of_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o sore_a be_v as_o considerable_a and_o remarkable_a a_o place_n as_o any_o in_o the_o whole_a island_n other_o island_n less_o considerable_a in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n what_o island_n have_v be_v of_o late_o deliver_v up_o by_o the_o dane_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n upon_o the_o ratification_n of_o treaty_n and_o league_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o description_n of_o swedeland_n of_o those_o that_o remain_v still_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n these_o we_o have_v mention_v be_v of_o most_o note_n and_o it_o be_v irrational_a to_o expect_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o those_o million_o of_o diminutive_a island_n that_o lay_v scatter_v along_o the_o coast_n of_o seeland_n schonen_fw-mi jutland_n etc._n etc._n among_o they_o these_o follow_a be_v all_o that_o be_v worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o 1._o falster_v falster_n falster_n a_o considerable_a island_n adjoin_v to_o laland_n it_o be_v not_o above_o 16_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o so_o fruitful_a that_o it_o furnish_v not_o only_o its_o own_o inhabitant_n but_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o several_a other_o part_n of_o germany_n with_o corn._n great_a town_n of_o note_n in_o this_o island_n be_v 1._o nycope_a which_o dr._n heylin_n for_o i_o can_v find_v that_o he_o borrow_v the_o expression_n from_o any_o other_o writer_n call_v the_o naples_n of_o denmark_n from_o the_o pleasantness_n of_o its_o situation_n and_o uniformity_n in_o building_n 2._o stabecope_a a_o place_n of_o some_o trade_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o passenger_n who_o come_v daily_o this_o way_n betwixt_o seeland_n and_o germany_n 2._o mona_n or_o meun_n mona_n mona_n a_o chalky_a island_n to_o the_o north-east_n of_o falster_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o good_a landmark_n to_o the_o german_a vessel_n that_o trade_n in_o these_o sea_n lyscander_n tell_v we_o it_o be_v former_o annex_v to_o the_o stipend_n of_o the_o danish_a admiral_n as_o a_o place_n the_o fit_a of_o any_o in_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n dominion_n for_o such_o a_o officer_n to_o reside_v in_o the_o only_a town_n of_o consequence_n in_o it_o be_v stege_n which_o brave_o withstand_v the_o lubecker_n in_o the_o year_n 1510_o and_o force_v they_o at_o last_o to_o retreat_v 3._o langeland_n langeland_n langeland_n a_o narrow_a island_n betwixt_o funen_n and_o laland_n about_o 28_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o only_o 8_o in_o breadth_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n there_o be_v in_o it_o 16_o parish_n church_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o nobleman_n house_n beside_o the_o impregnable_a castle_n of_o traneker_n which_o be_v admirable_o well_o provide_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o military_a ammunition_n rutcope_a may_v pass_v for_o what_o the_o danish_a writer_n will_v needs_o have_v it_o to_o be_v a_o city_n but_o it_o be_v a_o miserable_o poor_a one_o and_o in_o no_o great_a probability_n of_o be_v advance_v by_o traffic_n 4._o alsen_n alsen_n alsen_n a_o small_a isle_n over_o against_o the_o bay_n of_o flensburg_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sleswic_n of_o which_o it_o be_v a_o part_n and_o therefore_o only_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o duke_n of_o sleswic_n the_o learned_a and_o noble_a danish_a antiquary_n rantzow_n think_v the_o elysii_n arii_n and_o manimi_n mention_v by_o tacitus_n be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o island_n ar_n and_o meun_n and_o that_o these_o three_o isle_n have_v the_o same_o name_n at_o this_o day_n save_v only_o a_o small_a alteration_n such_o as_o may_v easy_o happen_v in_o the_o revolution_n of_o a_o few_o year_n which_o they_o have_v when_o that_o learned_a roman_a write_v his_o annal_n this_o isle_n be_v every_o where_o either_o exceed_v fruitful_a or_o very_a pleasant_a and_o so_o populous_a that_o several_a thousand_o of_o stout_a fight_a man_n have_v be_v raise_v in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n out_o of_o its_o four_o town_n and_o thirteen_o parish_n sunderburg_n heretofore_o the_o usual_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o sleswic_n and_o to_o this_o day_n one_o of_o the_o strong_a hold_n which_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n have_v be_v the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o island_n lalandiae_fw-la et_fw-la falstriae_fw-la accurata_fw-la descriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a et_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n on_o the_o coast_n of_o jutland_n between_o the_o promontory_n of_o schaghen_n and_o the_o isle_n funen_n there_o be_v several_a little_a inconsiderable_a island_n as_o anholt_n lasso_n nide_v helm_n tune_n kitholm_n jordholm_n samsoe_n etc._n etc._n among_o these_o the_o three_o first_o be_v notorious_a for_o the_o dangerous_a sand_n which_o lie_v round_o they_o whence_o it_o be_v a_o ordinary_a proverb_n use_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n here_o lassoe_n nide_v und_fw-ge anholt_n maecken_v that_o menich_a stuerman_n niet_fw-mi werdt_fw-mi oldt_fw-mi i._n e._n lassoe_n nide_v and_o anholt_n hinder_v shipman_n to_o grow_v old_a of_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o the_o dani_n insulares_n as_o saxo_n call_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o isle_n be_v all_o of_o one_o extraction_n will_v be_v find_v a_o question_n very_o disputable_a after_o a_o diligent_a enquiry_n into_o the_o different_a custom_n and_o language_n use_v in_o several_a of_o the_o baltic_a island_n ptolemy_n we_o know_v and_o most_o of_o the_o ancient_a geographer_n make_v scandinavia_n or_o schonen_fw-mi a_o island_n but_o of_o so_o large_a a_o bulk_n that_o alter_fw-la terrarum_fw-la orbis_n be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o usual_a name_n they_o give_v it_o this_o pliny_n tell_v we_o be_v by_o some_o of_o the_o greek_a writer_n call_v baltia_n which_o by_o pytheas_n be_v corrupt_v into_o basilia_n now_o if_o we_o grant_v that_o this_o continent_n which_o the_o ancient_n mistake_v for_o a_o island_n be_v name_v baltia_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o the_o noble_a isle_n in_o this_o sea_n which_o seem_v the_o most_o probable_a conjecture_n than_o it_o will_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v irrational_a to_o conclude_v that_o in_o all_o probability_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o all_o these_o petit_fw-fr island_n be_v only_o so_o many_o small_a branch_n of_o the_o old_a warlike_a nation_n of_o the_o goth_n who_o the_o most_o learned_a historian_n place_n in_o schonen_fw-mi but_o than_o it_o will_v still_o be_v doubt_v whether_o these_o goth_n be_v not_o a_o nation_n whole_o distinct_a from_o the_o getes_n mention_v in_o jutland_n and_o consequent_o whether_o those_o that_o inhabit_v the_o isle_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o schonen_fw-mi be_v not_o descend_v of_o another_o stock_n than_o they_o that_o live_v near_o jutland_n can_v reasonable_o pretend_v to_o pontanus_n be_v exceed_o angry_a at_o jornandes_n orosius_n and_o other_o for_o affirm_v that_o the_o getes_n and_o goth_n be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n but_o as_o i_o conceive_v without_o any_o great_a reason_n for_o if_o as_o be_v prove_v in_o the_o description_n of_o jutland_n the_o getes_n give_v name_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o cimbrian_a chersonese_n these_o two_o nation_n be_v easy_o bring_v together_o then_o he_o be_v aware_a of_o and_o can_v we_o once_o persuade_v pontanus_n admirer_n to_o grant_v that_o the_o getae_n gutae_n vitæ_fw-la or_o witae_fw-la be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o jutland_n as_o
people_n what_o the_o reader_n miss_v in_o the_o general_a description_n of_o norway_n may_v possible_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o the_o follow_a one_o of_o island_n the_o prefecture_n of_o masterland_n this_o prefecture_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o it_o seat_v on_o a_o rocky_a peninsula_n and_o famous_a for_o its_o great_a trade_n in_o herring_n and_o other_o sea-fish_n this_o city_n with_o two_o more_o of_o less_o note_n congel_n and_o oddawald_n and_o the_o adjoin_a country_n be_v command_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o bahus_n now_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o haquin_n iv_o king_n of_o norway_n about_o the_o year_n 1309_o upon_o a_o steep_a rock_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n trollet_n and_o be_v then_o look_v upon_o as_o the_o best_a fort_n that_o king_n have_v in_o his_o dominion_n and_o a_o sufficient_a bulwark_n against_o the_o daily_a assault_n and_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o westro-goth_n the_o bishopric_n of_o anslo_n and_o staffenger_n with_o the_o province_n of_o aggerhuse_v anslo_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n opslo_n and_o by_o some_o latin_a writer_n asloa_n be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n harold_n cotemporary_a with_o sueno_n esthritius_n king_n of_o denmark_n who_o frequent_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o this_o city_n here_o be_v hold_v the_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n for_o all_o norway_n wherein_o all_o cause_n and_o suit_n at_o law_n be_v hear_v and_o determine_v before_o the_o governor_n who_o act_v as_o viceroy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o cathedral_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n alward_n who_o take_v great_a pain_n in_o preach_v the_o gospel_n to_o the_o norwegian_a heathen_n in_o this_o church_n be_v to_o be_v show_v the_o sword_n of_o haquin_n one_o of_o their_o ancient_a king_n a_o signal_n testimony_n if_o the_o story_n they_o tell_v of_o it_o be_v true_a of_o the_o strength_n and_o admirable_a art_n of_o some_o norwegian_n of_o former_a age_n the_o hilt_n of_o it_o be_v make_v of_o crystal_n curious_o wrought_v and_o polish_a whence_o olaus_n magnus_n will_v needs_o conclude_v that_o the_o use_n of_o crystal_n be_v ancient_o much_o more_o ordinary_a in_o norway_n then_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n in_o any_o part_n of_o europe_n not_o far_o from_o opslo_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o bay_n stand_v the_o castle_n of_o aggerhusen_n memorable_a for_o the_o brave_a resistance_n it_o make_v the_o swedish_n army_n in_o the_o year_n 1567._o which_o besiege_v it_o hot_o eighteen_o week_n together_o but_o be_v at_o last_o beat_v off_o and_o force_v shameful_o to_o retire_v about_o twenty_o german_a mile_n northward_o of_o opslo_n lie_v the_o city_n hammer_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v but_o at_o present_a under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o opslo_n near_o this_o town_n be_v the_o island_n moos_n where_o if_o we_o believe_v olaus_n magnus_fw-la a_o huge_a and_o monstrous_a serpent_n appear_v constant_o before_o any_o grand_a alteration_n in_o the_o state_n or_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n in_o this_o province_n beside_o the_o place_n already_o mention_v stand_v the_o city_n of_o tonsberg_n fridericstadt_n saltsburgh_n and_o scheen_n which_o have_v all_o a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o copper_n and_o iron_n mine_n which_o hereabout_o be_v in_o great_a number_n then_o in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v in_o this_o province_n that_o the_o silver_n mine_n mention_v before_o be_v first_o discover_v at_o the_o expense_n of_o christian_a iu._n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o some_o of_o the_o adjoin_a hill_n be_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n to_o this_o day_n call_v silver-bergen_a or_o the_o mountain_n of_o silver_n to_o these_o mine_n and_o the_o lofty_a wood_n of_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n with_o which_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v overspread_v the_o kingdom_n of_o norway_n owe_v the_o great_a part_n of_o if_o not_o all_o its_o trade_n the_o city_n of_o staffenger_n lie_v in_o 59_o degree_n some_o reckon_v 60_o and_o a_o great_a many_o odd_a minute_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o peninsuia_fw-la upon_o a_o great_a bay_n of_o the_o northern_a ocean_n full_a of_o small_a island_n and_o guard_v by_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o doeswick_n which_o lie_v about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n in_o civil_a affair_n this_o city_n be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o bergenhusen_n though_o it_o have_v its_o own_o peculiar_a bishop_n constant_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o whole_a bishopric_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o several_a district_n of_o stavangersteen_n dalarne_n jaren_n listerleen_n mandalsleen_n nedenesleen_n and_o abygdelag_n thomas_n conrade_n hvegner_n bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n in_o the_o year_n 1641_o take_v the_o pain_n to_o collect_v a_o great_a number_n of_o runic_a inscription_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o his_o diocese_n some_o of_o which_o be_v publish_v by_o wormius_n who_o further_o inform_v we_o that_o this_o conrad_n predecessor_n who_o name_n he_o omit_v write_v a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o city_n and_o bishopric_n beyond_o the_o bay_n appear_v the_o island_n schutenes_n three_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n but_o scarce_o half_a a_o one_o in_o breadth_n between_o this_o island_n which_o have_v in_o it_o several_a considerable_a village_n and_o the_o continent_n run_v up_o a_o narrow_a frith_n to_o bergen_n which_o be_v call_v by_o the_o dutch_a merchant_n to_o liedt_n van_fw-mi berghen_fw-mi to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o staffenger_n belong_v the_o province_n of_o tillemarch_n or_o thylemarch_n which_o give_v procopius_n the_o first_o ground_n for_o that_o assertion_n of_o he_o which_o he_o defend_v with_o so_o great_a vehemency_n viz._n that_o scandinavia_n take_v in_o its_o large_a extent_n of_o which_o thylemarch_n be_v a_o very_a inconsiderable_a part_n be_v the_o ancient_a thule_n the_o parish_n of_o hollen_n in_o this_o province_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o a_o churchyard_n or_o bury_v place_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o church_n dedicate_v to_o st._n michael_n which_o be_v cut_v out_o of_o a_o great_a high_a rock_n call_v by_o the_o vicenage_n vear_n upon_o the_o lake_n nordsee_n half_o a_o mile_n distant_a from_o scheen_n wormius_n think_v it_o be_v former_o a_o heathenish_a temple_n but_o convert_v to_o christian_a use_n upon_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o prefecture_n and_o bishopric_n of_o berghen_n this_o bishopric_n the_o most_o fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a part_n of_o all_o norway_n lie_v to_o the_o north_n of_o aggerhusen_n in_o the_o middle_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n it_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o fair_a and_o noble_a emporium_n or_o mart-town_n of_o berghen_n or_o else_o from_o the_o strong_a castle_n of_o berghenhusen_n the_o usual_a seat_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o norway_n at_o 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england_n the_o art_n of_o printing_n the_o king_n furnish_v he_o with_o seven_o hundred_o mark_n and_o thomas_n boucher_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_z chancellor_z of_o oxford_n who_o put_v the_o king_n upon_o this_o business_n contribute_v three_o hundred_o more_o to_o carry_v on_o the_o design_n for_o some_o time_n turner_n do_v nothing_o but_o travel_v up_o and_o down_o with_o caxton_n who_o trade_v at_o amsterdam_n and_o leyden_n and_o can_v never_o come_v at_o harlem_n because_o the_o citizen_n be_v cautious_a of_o admit_v any_o stranger_n that_o may_v cheat_v they_o of_o the_o monopoly_n of_o this_o new_a art_n at_o last_o after_o the_o king_n have_v send_v he_o a_o new_a supply_n of_o five_o hundred_o mark_n he_o agree_v with_o frideric_n corsellis_n one_o that_o wrought_v at_o the_o press_n to_o steal_v away_o from_o his_o trade_n and_o come_v over_o with_o he_o into_o england_n which_o according_a to_o contract_n he_o do_v and_o set_v up_o a_o public_a print-house_n 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the_o secret_a to_o they_o but_o if_o this_o be_v true_a why_o then_o do_v not_o marcus_n venetus_n bring_v over_o the_o art_n with_o he_o to_o venice_n rome_n or_o naples_n that_o so_o the_o italian_n may_v have_v have_v the_o credit_n of_o be_v the_o first_o teacher_n or_o restorer_n at_o least_o for_o boter_n hardly_o allow_v the_o germane_a any_o better_a title_n of_o the_o art_n of_o print_v in_o europe_n when_o this_o question_n be_v press_v home_o to_o boter_n he_o be_v force_v to_o confess_v though_o unwilling_o i_o tedeschi_n sono_fw-la stati_fw-la inventori_fw-la della_fw-it stampa_fw-mi dell'artigliaria_fw-la et_fw-la dell_n '_o horologio_fw-la a_o mota_fw-la cose_z nobilissime_fw-it i_o e._n the_o german_n have_v be_v author_n of_o three_o noble_a invention_n print_v gun_n and_o clock_n i_o do_v not_o find_v any_o great_a reason_n to_o believe_v the_o german_n to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o clockwork_n clockwork_n clockwork_n though_o they_o be_v as_o likely_a man_n if_o history_n will_v allow_v we_o to_o fix_v our_o conjecture_n upon_o they_o as_o any_o in_o the_o world_n but_o i_o be_o afraid_a boter_n injure_v his_o own_o country_n in_o ascribe_v this_o to_o the_o high_a dutch._n the_o first_o man_n who_o the_o latin_a historian_n mention_n as_o the_o contriver_n of_o a_o engine_n in_o this_o kind_n be_v severinus_fw-la boetius_fw-la a_o famous_a philosopher_n and_o nobleman_n of_o rome_n we_o meet_v with_o a_o letter_n from_o theodoric_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o this_o boetius_fw-la to_o beg_v a_o clock_n of_o he_o to_o present_v to_o his_o brother-in-law_n gundibald_a king_n of_o burgundy_n in_o which_o letter_n he_o call_v this_o engine_n machinam_fw-la mundo_fw-la gravidam_fw-la coelum_fw-la gestabile_fw-la rerum_fw-la compendium_n i._n e._n a_o machine_n that_o encircle_v the_o world_n a_o portable_a heaven_n a_o abstract_n of_o the_o universe_n but_o however_o none_o have_v more_o improve_v the_o art_n of_o make_v clock_n and_o watch_n then_o the_o german_n the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o have_v a_o watch_n in_o the_o jewel_n of_o his_o ring_n and_o our_o king_n james_n have_v the_o like_a both_o which_o be_v make_v in_o germany_n in_o the_o town-hall_n of_o prague_n there_o be_v a_o clock_n that_o show_v the_o annual_a and_o periodical_a motion_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n the_o name_n and_o number_n of_o the_o month_n day_n and_o festival_n of_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o time_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v rise_v and_o set_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o twelve_o sign_n in_o the_o zodiac_n and_o last_o the_o age_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o its_o several_a aspect_n in_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n stable_a at_o dresden_n there_o be_v a_o saddle_n which_o in_o the_o pommel_n have_v a_o gild_a head_n with_o eye_n continual_o move_v and_o in_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o it_o a_o clock_n which_o show_v exact_o the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n these_o and_o the_o like_a knack_n be_v ordinary_a in_o every_o part_n of_o germany_n but_o the_o most_o famous_a in_o its_o kind_n be_v the_o great_a clock_n at_o strasburg_n of_o which_o a_o full_a account_n shall_v be_v give_v when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o city_n tycho_n brahe_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n landgrave_n of_o hassia_n have_v spend_v much_o study_n in_o contrive_v a_o way_n to_o regulate_v clock_n and_o watch_n that_o the_o former_a shall_v not_o gain_v nor_o the_o latter_a lose_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o motion_n but_o what_o success_n he_o meet_v with_o that_o great_a astronomer_n do_v not_o inform_v we_o this_o in_o great_a measure_n be_v now_o perform_v by_o the_o regulation_n which_o be_v give_v to_o motion_n by_o the_o pendulum_n and_o far_a emprovement_n be_v project_v by_o some_o ingenious_a member_n of_o our_o royal_a society_n at_o london_n and_o it_o be_v hope_v they_o will_v be_v short_o able_a to_o give_v the_o world_n a_o good_a and_o satisfactory_a account_n how_o they_o have_v speed_v in_o the_o enterprise_n the_o high_a dutch_a have_v far_o outgo_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o european_a artificer_n at_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o ingenious_a knack_n and_o extravagance_n of_o art_n than_o which_o nothing_o more_o demonstrate_v the_o excellency_n and_o curious_a skill_n of_o a_o workman_n one_o of_o these_o not_o many_o year_n present_v the_o landtgrave_n of_o hassia_n with_o a_o bear_n and_o lion_n of_o pure_a gold_n which_o be_v hollow_a within_o and_o each_o of_o they_o about_o the_o length_n of_o a_o man_n middle_a finger_n every_o part_n and_o lineament_n in_o they_o be_v proportionable_a to_o their_o length_n and_o both_o together_o weigh_v no_o more_o than_o a_o french_a crown_n the_o most_o curious_a man_n in_o this_o kind_n which_o ever_o the_o german_a nation_n breed_v be_v johannes_n regiomontanus_n who_o as_o keckerman_n tell_v the_o story_n when_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o noremberg_n make_v a_o wooden_a eagle_n which_o fly_v a_o english_a mile_n out_o of_o town_n to_o meet_v he_o and_o return_v back_o with_o he_o to_o his_o lodging_n peter_n ramus_n report_v of_o the_o same_o man_n that_o have_v invite_v some_o friend_n to_o a_o feast_n to_o divert_v they_o he_o throw_v a_o iron_n fly_v from_o his_o hand_n which_o fly_v round_o the_o room_n and_o return_v to_o he_o again_o engrave_v paint_v cut_v of_o seal_n etc._n etc._n be_v art_n which_o the_o high_a dutch_a be_v almost_o general_o well_o skilled_a in_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o modern_a german_n we_o have_v before_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o view_n of_o the_o idolatrous_a practice_n ceremony_n and_o sacrifice_n of_o the_o pagan_a german_n and_o show_v how_o zealous_a they_o be_v in_o defend_v the_o rite_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o false_a religion_n and_o how_o much_o honour_n and_o respect_n they_o pay_v their_o priest_n and_o indeed_o all_o other_o who_o attend_v upon_o their_o altar_n nor_o shall_v we_o find_v they_o less_o zealous_a in_o maintain_v the_o true_a religion_n after_o their_o conversion_n to_o christianity_n a_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o which_o we_o may_v have_v from_o the_o multitude_n of_o monastery_n nunnery_n bishopric_n and_o collegiate_n church_n which_o be_v everywhere_o to_o be_v meet_v with_o in_o germany_n this_o great_a country_n can_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v all_o convert_v at_o once_o but_o piecemeal_o and_o hardly_o one_o province_n in_o it_o but_o have_v its_o different_a apostle_n theodoret_n mention_n germany_n as_o well_o as_o britain_n among_o the_o nation_n convert_v by_o the_o apostle_n and_o the_o historian_n who_o under_o the_o name_n of_o dorotheus_n bishop_n of_o tyre_n publish_v a_o synopsis_n of_o the_o twelve_o apostle_n and_o seventy_o disciple_n report_n that_o st._n thomas_n the_o apostle_n preach_v in_o germany_n but_o these_o and_o the_o like_a story_n have_v little_a of_o certainty_n
in_o they_o and_o therefore_o we_o shall_v not_o insist_v much_o upon_o the_o credit_n and_o authority_n of_o the_o relator_n however_o the_o testimony_n we_o have_v from_o irenaeus_n and_o tertullian_n be_v unquestionable_a and_o both_o of_o they_o mention_v the_o german_a church_n so_o that_o we_o be_v sure_a that_o so_o much_o at_o least_o of_o germany_n as_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o roman_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o true_a church_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o the_o second_o century_n since_o irenaeus_n commend_v the_o orthodox_n opinion_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n the_o fable_n of_o st._n ursula_n and_o her_o 11000_o companion_n be_v ridiculous_a and_o be_v first_o contrive_v in_o the_o twelve_o century_n the_o roman_a martyrologer_n begin_v now_o to_o be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o story_n and_o therefore_o in_o their_o red_a letter_v calendar_n instead_o of_o vndecem_fw-la mille_fw-la virgin_n they_o write_v ursula_n cum_fw-la sociis_fw-la being_n loath_a to_o defraud_v the_o church_n of_o a_o holiday_n yet_o unwilling_a to_o impose_v such_o a_o palpable_a and_o incredible_a lie_n upon_o the_o commonalty_n it_o be_v certain_a there_o be_v two_o german_a bishop_n present_a at_o a_o council_n hold_v by_o constantine_n the_o great_a in_o the_o year_n 314._o but_o all_o this_o prove_v no_o more_o than_o that_o germania_n prima_fw-la and_o secunda_fw-la which_o be_v in_o those_o day_n two_o roman_a province_n be_v convert_v to_o christianity_n in_o the_o eight_o century_n many_o of_o our_o english_a divine_v be_v send_v over_o into_o germany_n by_o egbert_n archbishop_n of_o york_n to_o convert_v the_o infidel_n in_o that_o country_n among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v willibrod_o bishop_n of_o vtrecht_n willibald_a bishop_n of_o aichstat_n swibert_n of_o verdin_n willibald_n of_o bremen_n and_o winifrid_n who_o for_o his_o good_a deed_n get_v the_o surname_n of_o boniface_n archbishop_n of_o mentz_n the_o last_o of_o these_o prove_v most_o fortunate_a in_o the_o undertake_n and_o convert_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n between_o the_o rhine_n and_o weser_n the_o german_a writer_n acknowledge_v this_o man_n for_o the_o great_a apostle_n of_o their_o nation_n his_o epistle_n publish_v by_o serrarius_n show_v he_o to_o have_v be_v a_o very_a zealous_a man_n in_o his_o enterprise_n after_o he_o charles_n the_o great_a bring_v over_o the_o saxon_n though_o not_o without_o much_o bloodshed_n to_o christianity_n and_o utter_o extirpate_v idolatry_n in_o most_o part_n of_o his_o empire_n the_o bohemian_o and_o moravian_o be_v not_o bring_v into_o the_o church_n till_o some_o year_n after_o but_o of_o the_o religion_n of_o these_o country_n with_o the_o doctrine_n of_o john_n huss_n and_o jerom_n of_o prague_n we_o shall_v speak_v elsewhere_o but_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o reformation_n be_v that_o which_o will_v for_o ever_o magnify_v the_o german_a church_n reformation_n reformation_n m._n maier_n reckon_v this_o great_a work_n among_o the_o vera_fw-la inuenta_fw-la germaniae_fw-la as_o if_o the_o religion_n cry_v up_o by_o luther_n have_v be_v a_o new_a thing_n and_o not_o a_o restore_n of_o the_o ancient_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n this_o alteration_n in_o religion_n be_v thus_o occasion_v in_o the_o year_n 1517_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n be_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o court_n of_o rome_n a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n than_o he_o can_v convenient_o raise_v in_o his_o own_o territory_n get_v leave_v of_o the_o pope_n to_o stock_n all_o the_o market_n in_o germany_n with_o indulgence_n and_o pardon_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o sin_n past_a present_a and_o future_a whereupon_o he_o dispatch_v one_o friar_n tekel_n his_o agent_n with_o order_n to_o cry_v these_o commodity_n in_o all_o the_o mart-town_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o to_o expose_v they_o to_o sale_n if_o customer_n come_v in_o the_o friar_n have_v serve_v a_o apprenticeship_n to_o this_o trade_n and_o therefore_o know_v how_o to_o 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commonwealth_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o pitch_v upon_o a_o man_n fit_a
teutonici_fw-la or_o the_o dutch_a knight_n though_o in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o order_n have_v this_o name_n before_o it_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o part_n consist_v at_o its_o first_o institution_n chief_o of_o german_n be_v call_v into_o prussia_n say_v some_o by_o the_o muscovite_n or_o as_o other_o send_v thither_o by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o they_o seat_v themselves_o at_o marienberg_n about_o the_o year_n 1340_o after_o a_o long_a engagement_n in_o a_o bloody_a war_n against_o the_o native_n under_o the_o thirteen_o great_a master_n of_o their_o order_n sigefrid_n de_fw-fr feuchtwangen_n in_o the_o year_n 1450_o they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v to_o casimir_n iv_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o at_o last_o the_o order_n be_v surrender_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o thirtyfifth_a and_o last_o great_a master_n of_o the_o order_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o thereupon_o create_v he_o duke_n of_o prussia_n such_o of_o the_o knight_n as_o disrelished_a this_o action_n of_o their_o master_n albert_n retire_v into_o germany_n where_o they_o choose_v one_o walter_n croneberg_n master_n of_o their_o order_n afterward_o the_o title_n be_v confer_v upon_o maximilian_n one_o of_o the_o young_a son_n of_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o but_o the_o order_n never_o flourish_v but_o decay_v daily_o since_o the_o day_n of_o albert_n beforementioned_a and_o be_v at_o this_o day_n a_o obscure_a honour_n of_o little_a or_o no_o repute_n in_o the_o world_n the_o only_a order_n of_o knighthood_n at_o this_o day_n know_v in_o germany_n or_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o knight_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v the_o geschlagenen_fw-la rittern_n or_o dub_v knight_n on_o who_o the_o emperor_n confer_v that_o honour_n by_o touch_v they_o light_o upon_o the_o shoulder_n with_o a_o naked_a sword_n and_o say_v to_o each_o of_o they_o esto_fw-la miles_n dei_fw-la &_o sancti_fw-la stephani_fw-la the_o title_n of_o armiger_n esquire_n esquire_n or_o esquire_n as_o we_o and_o the_o french_a use_n the_o word_n be_v whole_o out_o of_o use_n in_o the_o empire_n yet_o in_o ancient_a dutch_a record_n we_o read_v of_o skiltknaben_n and_o wapeneren_n both_o which_o word_n have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o signification_n and_o be_v proper_o render_v armigeri_fw-la and_o these_o have_v their_o title_n and_o dignity_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o delivery_n of_o a_o sword_n only_o without_o gird_v it_o on_o with_o a_o blow_n on_o the_o cheek_n or_o ear_n which_o give_v they_o the_o liberty_n of_o bear_v a_o sword_n or_o other_o arm_n in_o attendance_n on_o a_o knight_n or_o ritter_n geschlagen_fw-ge but_o not_o of_o wear_v it_o gird_v on_o as_o the_o knight_n himself_o do_v for_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a former_o for_o any_o subject_n whatever_o in_o the_o empire_n to_o bear_v arm_n except_v such_o as_o have_v the_o emperor_n more_o especial_a licence_n so_o to_o do_v the_o gentry_n in_o the_o empire_n be_v express_v by_o the_o general_a name_n of_o edel-lute_n gentleman_n gentleman_n which_o as_o our_o gentleman_n be_v a_o universal_a name_n for_o all_o such_o as_o either_o from_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o ancestor_n the_o favour_n of_o their_o sovereign_n or_o their_o own_o virtue_n be_v raise_v to_o a_o eminency_n above_o the_o multitude_n hence_o edel-dom_a and_o edel-heit_a be_v use_v to_o signify_v nobility_n and_o veredelen_n and_o edel-machen_a to_o ennoble_v some_o singular_o eminent_a gentleman_n in_o francken_n schwaben_n and_o rhein-land_n who_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n and_o subject_a to_o no_o other_o court_n but_o the_o emperor_n have_v the_o title_n of_o die_v freye_a vom_n adel_n or_o die_v freye_a adeliche_n reichs_n ritterschaft_n i._n e._n the_o free_a gentleman_n or_o ordo_fw-la equestris_n of_o the_o empire_n our_o english_a saxon_n use_v the_o word_n aedel_n in_o the_o same_o signification_n whence_o in_o aelfric_n glossary_a generositas_fw-la be_v interpret_v aedelborynnesse_n noble_a birth_n and_o generosa_fw-la be_v render_v by_o þ_n aeðele_n or_o a_o noble_a woman_n indeed_o aetheling_n etheling_n or_o adeling_o be_v common_o use_v by_o our_o saxon_a ancestor_n to_o denote_v the_o king_n elder_a son_n or_o heir_n apparent_a to_o the_o crown_n who_o afterward_o get_v the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o wales_n hence_o edgar_n etheling_n so_o often_o name_v in_o our_o english_a historian_n have_v his_o surname_n which_o robert_n of_o gloucester_n in_o his_o poem_n upon_o king_n harold_n a_o manuscript_n copy_n of_o which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o sir_n john_n cotton_n library_n explain_v thus_o the_o good_a tryeweman_n of_o the_o lond_n will_v aabbe_v ymade_a king_n the_o kind_a eir_n the_o young_a child_n edgar_n atheling_n wo_n so_o be_v next_o king_n by_o kunde_n i_o clupe_v he_o atheling_n thervore_fw-la i_o clupe_v he_o so_o warrant_v by_o kunde_n he_o be_v king_n but_o if_o we_o search_v into_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o aeðeling_n be_v only_o a_o patronymic_a from_o the_o primitive_a aeðel_n and_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o nobilis_fw-la ortu_fw-la or_o generosus_fw-la i._n e._n one_o descend_v from_o he_o that_o be_v aeðel_v or_o a_o nobleman_n thus_o in_o king_n aelfred_n saxon_a version_n of_o bede_n ecclesiastical_a history_n we_o read_v mid_a eallum_n aeðelingum_n his_o ðeode_n that_o be_v with_o all_o the_o etheling_n of_o his_o nation_n instead_o of_o the_o latin_a cum_fw-la cunctis_fw-la gentis_fw-la suae_fw-la nobilibus_fw-la of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o german_a church_n with_o a_o view_n of_o the_o power_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n abbot_n and_o other_o ecclesiastical_a order_n therein_o contain_v how_o much_o several_a of_o the_o province_n and_o principality_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n differ_v among_o themselves_o in_o point_n of_o religion_n since_o the_o first_o beginning_n of_o the_o reformation_n by_o martin_n luther_n we_o have_v show_v before_o and_o it_o can_v be_v expect_v that_o where_o the_o doctrine_n be_v so_o dissonant_n there_o shall_v be_v a_o uniformity_n in_o church_n discipline_n the_o intolerable_a greatness_n which_o the_o roman_a church_n have_v usurp_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n which_o render_v it_o uneasy_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o unexpected_a change_n when_o luther_n opinion_n have_v prevail_v with_o so_o many_o of_o the_o great_a prince_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o see_v bishopric_n convert_v into_o secular_a principality_n and_o a_o new_a form_n of_o church-government_n set_v up_o instead_o of_o episcopal_a dignity_n which_o have_v be_v so_o much_o abuse_v the_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n church_n prelate_n of_o the_o roman_a church_n who_o to_o this_o day_n bear_v rule_n in_o such_o part_n of_o germany_n as_o have_v not_o embrace_v either_o luther_n or_o calvin_n doctrine_n have_v more_o power_n and_o exercise_v a_o great_a authority_n in_o their_o several_a bishopric_n than_o any_o other_o prelate_n in_o christendom_n most_o of_o they_o be_v great_a prince_n and_o challenge_v as_o absolute_a a_o dominion_n over_o the_o temporality_n of_o their_o diocese_n as_o any_o secular_a elector_n can_v pretend_v to_o over_o his_o own_o land_n and_o inheritance_n heretofore_o beside_o the_o three_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n there_o be_v five_o archbishop_n and_o thirty_o bishop_n that_o have_v seat_n and_o voice_n in_o the_o assembly_n and_o diet_n of_o the_o empire_n but_o their_o number_n have_v exceed_o decrease_v of_o late_a since_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n bremen_n and_o riga_n together_o with_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n minden_n and_o werden_n have_v be_v change_v into_o secular_a principality_n those_o also_o of_o besanson_n verdun_n mets_n and_o toul_n cut_v off_o from_o the_o empire_n and_o inseparable_o unite_v to_o the_o territory_n of_o spain_n and_o france_n and_o last_o those_o of_o valesia_n losanna_n and_o chur_n abolish_v by_o the_o swiss_n insomuch_o that_o at_o present_a in_o the_o college_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n only_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n beside_o the_o ecclesiastical_a elector_n and_o about_o twenty_o bishop_n have_v vote_n by_o this_o secularize_v three_o archbishopric_n and_o six_o bishopric_n the_o protestant_a prince_n some_o of_o they_o at_o least_o have_v lose_v the_o opportunity_n of_o provide_v for_o their_o young_a brethren_n in_o as_o plentiful_a a_o manner_n as_o they_o can_v have_v do_v before_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n for_o whilst_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n that_o of_o bremen_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spiritual_a dignity_n which_o be_v now_o cut_v off_o from_o the_o church_n be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n considerable_a maintenance_n be_v provide_v for_o many_o young_a duke_n and_o count_n who_o at_o this_o time_n can_v
vast_a number_n of_o man_n employ_v in_o most_o part_n of_o the_o town_n this_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a taste_v liquor_n which_o the_o german_a nation_n afford_v and_o be_v ordinary_o export_v into_o most_o of_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o village_n the_o boar_n in_o holstein_n be_v so_o great_a admirer_n of_o this_o sort_n of_o drink_n that_o some_o whole_a village_n be_v full_o persuade_v it_o will_v be_v present_a death_n to_o change_v their_o liquor_n at_o lubec_n it_o be_v esteem_v one_o of_o the_o choice_a commodity_n which_o their_o city_n have_v from_o hamburg_n and_o indeed_o the_o german_n have_v general_o so_o good_a a_o opinion_n of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o bring_v as_o far_o as_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o main_a and_o there_o sell_v at_o a_o high_a rate_n than_o their_o best_a rhenish_a wine_n beside_o the_o hamburger_n have_v good_a store_n of_o all_o other_o necessary_n for_o the_o furnish_n out_o a_o good_a and_o commendable_a table_n the_o hollander_n have_v teach_v they_o to_o stock_n their_o garden_n which_o lie_v without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n and_o potherb_n with_o these_o and_o all_o sort_n of_o freshwater_n and_o sea-fish_n their_o market_n be_v daily_o store_v from_o morning_n till_o night_n it_o will_v be_v needless_a to_o inform_v the_o reader_n that_o few_o or_o not_o place_n in_o europe_n have_v great_a opportunity_n of_o provide_v themselves_o with_o the_o choice_a commodity_n of_o foreign_a country_n than_o the_o citizen_n of_o hamburg_n since_o every_o man_n know_v what_o swarm_v of_o merchant_n ship_n from_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o know_a world_n daily_a resort_n to_o this_o city_n this_o be_v the_o great_a i_o may_v say_v only_o mart-town_n in_o germany_n which_o furnish_v the_o other_o city_n and_o chief_a town_n of_o the_o empire_n with_o the_o rich_a merchandise_n of_o all_o other_o nation_n the_o haven_n be_v so_o commodious_a haven_n haven_n and_o the_o river_n even_o up_o to_o the_o wall_n of_o that_o depth_n that_o the_o large_a merchantman_n that_o trade_n on_o the_o main_a ocean_n may_v with_o great_a ease_n be_v bring_v up_o to_o the_o town_n except_v only_o some_o few_o of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a bulk_n and_o carriage_n which_o be_v force_v to_o strike_v anchor_n at_o the_o new_a mill_n about_o four_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n and_o there_o to_o unlade_v their_o cargo_n into_o small_a vessel_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o heavy_a burden_n which_o be_v continual_o bring_v up_o the_o river_n to_o this_o town_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o elb_n be_v reckon_v to_o be_v eighteen_o dutch_a or_o seventy-two_a english_a mile_n distant_a from_o hamburg_n and_o yet_o the_o tide_n come_v ordinary_o sixteen_o english_a mile_n beyond_o the_o town_n as_o high_a as_o the_o common_a ford_n betwixt_o this_o city_n and_o lunenburg_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o the_o flood_n up_o the_o river_n elb_n will_v amount_v to_o eighty-eight_a of_o our_o mile_n at_o least_o a_o much_o large_a course_n than_o any_o other_o navigable_a river_n in_o europe_n not_o except_v our_o thames_n which_o only_o pretend_v to_o a_o second_o place_n can_v brag_v of_o the_o trade_n which_o our_o english_a merchant_n have_v trade_n english_a trade_n for_o many_o year_n last_o pass_v bring_v to_o this_o city_n seem_v more_o considerable_a than_o any_o commerce_n they_o have_v hitherto_o enter_v upon_o with_o other_o foreign_a nation_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v good_a reason_n that_o our_o hamburg_n company_n shall_v be_v treat_v with_o that_o civility_n and_o respect_n which_o have_v of_o late_o be_v show_v they_o in_o this_o place_n our_o merchant_n have_v the_o privilege_n grant_v they_o which_o be_v deny_v to_o most_o other_o foreigner_n of_o plead_v and_o try_v all_o kind_n of_o suit_n wherein_o they_o themselves_o be_v more_o immediate_o concern_v before_o their_o own_o resident_n who_o determine_v all_o cause_n in_o a_o public_a and_o stately_a hall_n build_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o company_n they_o be_v also_o permit_v the_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n whilst_o man_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o confession_n be_v force_v to_o go_v as_o far_o as_o altenaw_n to_o say_v mass_n or_o hear_v a_o sermon_n the_o chief_a church_n in_o hamburg_n be_v dedicate_v to_o st._n peter_n it_o be_v former_o a_o cathedral_n church_n church_n as_o long_o as_o the_o town_n continue_v a_o archbishopric_n and_o there_o be_v still_o keep_v a_o kind_n of_o dean_n and_o chapter_n who_o keep_v here_o a_o ecclesiastical_a court_n from_o which_o a_o appeal_n lie_v only_o to_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o spire_n in_o this_o church_n which_o some_o say_v be_v first_o build_v in_o the_o year_n 801_o other_o in_o the_o year_n 830_o lie_v bury_v a_o great_a many_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o schawenburg_n and_o holstein_n who_o name_n be_v write_v in_o a_o fair_a catalogue_n next_o after_o charles_n the_o great_a and_o his_o son_n ludowic_n of_o their_o benefactor_n which_o hang_v up_o in_o the_o body_n of_o the_o church_n this_o among_o other_o thing_n may_v be_v think_v a_o argument_n sufficient_a to_o persuade_v any_o unprejudiced_a man_n to_o believe_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o holstein_n and_o schawenburg_n have_v former_o a_o power_n more_o than_o titular_a over_o this_o city_n whatever_o the_o hamburger_n may_v nowadays_o pretend_v to_o the_o contrary_n the_o other_o church_n of_o note_n be_v st._n nicholas_n st._n jacob_n st._n catharine_n the_o great_a and_o less_o st._n michael_n and_o the_o new_a church_n in_o the_o new_a town_n in_o each_o of_o these_o they_o keep_v a_o register_n of_o poor_a and_o distress_a people_n in_o the_o several_a parish_n who_o have_v money_n weekly_o distribute_v among_o they_o and_o a_o competent_a yearly_a allowance_n for_o clothes_n and_o fuel_n the_o lesser_a church_n be_v st._n gertrude_n st._n mary_n magdalen_n and_o that_o of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n near_o the_o last_o of_o these_o be_v the_o old_a hospital_n in_o the_o town_n which_o be_v endow_v with_o yearly_a maintenance_n for_o one_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o poor_a people_n such_o as_o be_v old_a blind_a dumb_a etc._n etc._n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o provision_n which_o the_o hamburger_n have_v make_v for_o such_o of_o their_o own_o body_n as_o be_v poor_a and_o needy_a hospital_n hospital_n for_o hardly_o any_o great_a city_n in_o europe_n except_v paris_n and_o some_o few_o other_o where_o a_o epidemic_a conceit_n of_o the_o more_o than_o ordinary_a merit_n of_o good_a work_n have_v overawe_v some_o miser_n into_o a_o humour_n of_o bounty_n and_o munificence_n can_v show_v more_o public_a hospital_n and_o large_a allowance_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o miserable_a than_o this_o town_n for_o example_n 1._o for_o such_o as_o live_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n belong_v to_o this_o city_n and_o not_o in_o the_o town_n they_o have_v a_o hospital_n in_o the_o suburb_n into_o which_o be_v ready_o admit_v all_o such_o distemper_a or_o decay_a person_n as_o be_v not_o able_a to_o maintain_v themselves_o any_o long_o in_o the_o village_n adjacent_a this_o hospital_n dedicate_v to_o st._n george_n be_v found_v about_o the_o year_n 1250_o and_o endow_v with_o a_o sufficient_a salary_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o poor_a people_n with_o servant_n and_o a_o priest_n to_o attend_v they_o 2._o for_o such_o as_o be_v disable_v with_o the_o french_a pox_n and_o not_o able_a to_o pay_v for_o their_o own_o cure_n they_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o pest-house_n where_o such_o as_o be_v trouble_v with_o that_o disease_n be_v provide_v with_o diet_n and_o medicine_n convenient_a for_o their_o recovery_n this_o be_v build_v in_o the_o year_n 1509_o and_o name_v st._n job_n for_o this_o reason_n without_o doubt_n because_o design_v for_o such_o as_o be_v smite_v with_o boil_n as_o job_n be_v 3._o for_o poor_a fatherless_a and_o motherless_a orphan_n they_o have_v their_o waysen-hauss_a as_o they_o call_v it_o or_o orphanotrophium_n where_o such_o citizen_n child_n as_o be_v leave_v by_o their_o decease_a parent_n unprovided_a for_o and_o incapable_a of_o procure_v for_o themselves_o any_o competent_a maintenance_n be_v careful_o look_v after_o and_o furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n they_o that_o be_v too_o young_a to_o be_v instruct_v in_o the_o school_n be_v attend_v on_o by_o nurse_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v keep_v close_o to_o constant_a prayer_n read_v write_a cast_v account_n etc._n etc._n sometime_o near_o three_o hundred_o infant_n be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o hospital_n the_o whole_a yearly_a revenue_n of_o which_o be_v say_v to_o amount_v to_o 21000_o rixdollar_n put_v to_o nurse_v abroad_o and_o take_v into_o the_o house_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v well_o able_a
have_v this_o city_n look_v upon_o as_o a_o place_n of_o the_o great_a antiquity_n of_o any_o in_o saxony_n esteem_v it_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomy_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d though_o i_o think_v the_o longitude_n and_o latitude_n which_o ptolemy_n assign_v to_o that_o old_a town_n be_v 29_o deg_fw-la of_o long._n and_o 51_o deg_fw-la 20_o min._n of_o lat._n will_v scarce_o come_v near_o this_o city_n this_o large_a and_o ancient_a city_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o earl_n and_o marquis_n of_o its_o own_o and_o thence_o we_o find_v the_o inhabitant_n in_o and_o about_o the_o city_n name_v by_o the_o latin_a historian_n stadenses_n stadingi_n or_o stedingii_n as_o a_o people_n distinct_a of_o themselves_o and_o independent_a upon_o any_o of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n of_o these_o earl_n and_o marc-grave_n the_o reader_n may_v meet_v with_o a_o catalogue_n in_o crantzius_n or_o angelius_n a_o werdenhagen_n in_o the_o year_n 1234_o the_o stadenses_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o bloody_a and_o terrible_a war_n in_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o very_a infancy_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o part_n have_v like_a to_o have_v stifle_v religion_n in_o its_o cradle_n this_o bloodshed_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o revolt_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n from_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o see_v of_o bremen_n whereupon_o the_o clergy_n of_o that_o city_n be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v by_o a_o strong_a arm_n what_o their_o enemy_n have_v endeavour_v to_o wrest_v from_o they_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o engage_v several_a of_o their_o neighbour_n in_o the_o broil_n but_o this_o expedient_a do_v not_o meet_v with_o the_o expect_a success_n have_v after_o a_o long_a quarrel_n only_o weaken_a both_o party_n and_o in_o no_o wise_a vindicate_v the_o archbishops_n title_n at_o last_o a_o volley_n of_o curse_n and_o excommunication_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n fright_v the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n into_o submission_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o yield_v obedience_n as_o former_o to_o the_o archbishops_n of_o bremen_n hereupon_o philip_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n and_o earl_n of_o stade_n annex_v the_o whole_a county_n to_o the_o archbishopric_n reserve_v only_o to_o himself_o the_o city_n with_o its_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n in_o which_o state_n it_o continue_v till_o in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n it_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o swede_n and_o be_v confirm_v to_o that_o crown_n as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o bremen_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n and_o possible_o we_o may_v have_v some_o reason_n to_o call_v this_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n which_o be_v now_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n as_o duke_n of_o bremen_n since_o the_o city_n of_o bremen_n itself_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o homage_n payable_a to_o that_o monarch_n from_o the_o archbishopric_n by_o virtue_n of_o that_o treaty_n and_o be_v to_o this_o day_n a_o free_a imperial_a city_n immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n and_o to_o he_o only_o notwithstanding_o the_o vast_a rampire_n and_o bulwark_n wherewith_o this_o city_n be_v fortify_v and_o the_o natural_a strength_n of_o the_o place_n it_o be_v besiege_v and_o take_v in_o one_o day_n april_v 13_o 1645_o by_o the_o swedish_n general_n count_n coningsmark_n who_o have_v at_o the_o first_o assault_v take_v the_o fortress_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zwinge_fw-mi betwixt_o the_o city_n and_o the_o elb_n press_v forward_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n to_o the_o gate_n of_o stade_n and_o force_v his_o way_n into_o the_o city_n whereupon_o the_o burgher_n be_v glad_a to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n and_o other_o strong_a fort_n upon_o any_o condition_n the_o conqueror_n be_v please_v to_o propose_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a in_o a_o flourish_a condition_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o wholesome_a air_n and_o a_o pleasant_a rich_a country_n the_o burgher_n who_o have_v the_o character_n of_o the_o most_o civil_a and_o courteous_a people_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v common_o orchard_n and_o garden_n of_o pleasure_n without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n and_o flower_n their_o haven_n be_v large_a and_o commodious_a and_o ship_n of_o large_a carriage_n and_o burden_n come_v up_o to_o stade_n then_o be_v able_a to_o reach_v hamburg_n the_o marketplace_n rahthauss_n or_o town-hall_n exchange_v and_o several_a of_o their_o church_n be_v building_n worthy_a a_o traveller_n sight_n many_o and_o great_a have_v be_v the_o privilege_n by_o several_a emperor_n grant_v to_o this_o city_n it_o be_v always_o reckon_v a_o sanctuary_n for_o fugitive_n insomuch_o that_o all_o manner_n of_o malefactor_n whether_o germane_a or_o foreigner_n that_o can_v reach_v stade_n before_o vengeance_n overtake_v they_o be_v sure_a to_o find_v shelter_n here_o and_o be_v secure_a from_o the_o hand_n of_o justice_n beside_o the_o privilege_n of_o coin_v money_n authority_n to_o hunt_v in_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n and_o the_o like_a prerogative_n challenge_v by_o all_o imperial_a city_n they_o have_v power_n to_o demand_v a_o certain_a toll_n or_o custom_n of_o every_o merchantman_n that_o pass_v up_o the_o elb_n to_o hamburg_n every_o such_o vessel_n be_v oblige_v to_o strike_v anchor_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o zwinge_fw-mi and_o there_o to_o tarry_v till_o dismiss_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o customhouse_n these_o pretension_n occasion_v not_o many_o year_n ago_o a_o quarrel_n between_o the_o citizen_n of_o stade_n and_o the_o hamburger_n the_o late_a pretend_v that_o it_o be_v a_o infringement_n of_o their_o prerogative_n who_o be_v absolute_a master_n of_o the_o elb_n below_o their_o own_o city_n for_o stade_n to_o lay_v claim_n to_o any_o such_o privilege_n but_o the_o controversy_n soon_o after_o be_v amicable_o compose_v and_o each_o city_n have_v since_o peaceable_o enjoy_v its_o own_o peculiar_a regality_n this_o ancient_a hans-town_n be_v one_o of_o the_o first_o that_o be_v enroll_v into_o that_o noble_a society_n be_v once_o reduce_v to_o a_o mean_a and_o beggarly_a condition_n by_o the_o overgrow_a trade_n and_o riches_n of_o the_o hamburger_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v force_v to_o sell_v almost_o for_o bread_n the_o public_a stock_n not_o amount_v to_o ninety_o pound_n sterling_a a_o year_n to_o these_o upstart_a thrive_a merchant_n its_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o put_v itself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n but_o in_o this_o low_a condition_n it_o do_v not_o long_o continue_v before_o the_o english_a merchant_n upon_o some_o affront_n the_o hamburger_n have_v offer_v they_o remove_v their_o commerce_n to_o stade_n by_o which_o mean_v this_o city_n in_o a_o short_a time_n recover_v its_o former_a grandeur_n and_o grow_v on_o a_o sudden_a rich_a and_o populous_a vi_o bremer-verden_a a_o wall_a town_n bremer-verden_n bremer-verden_n on_o the_o road_n betwixt_o bremen_n and_o stade_n distant_a from_o the_o late_a about_o twelve_o english_a mile_n and_o from_o the_o former_a near_o twenty-eight_a it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o luder_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o afterward_o make_v a_o palace_n for_o the_o archbishop_n of_o bremen_n who_o have_v here_o their_o usual_a residence_n in_o the_o castle_n which_o command_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjacent_a plain_n the_o swede_n have_v common_o a_o strong_a garrison_n the_o town_n will_v otherwise_o be_v of_o little_a note_n not_o have_v the_o convenience_n of_o any_o trade_n except_o what_o be_v bring_v by_o the_o resort_n of_o passenger_n that_o travel_v this_o way_n to_o bremen_n or_o stade_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lunenburg_n the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n bound_n bound_n or_o lunenburg_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n on_o the_o southeast_n with_o magdeburg_n on_o the_o east_n with_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o north_n with_o lauwenburg_n and_o holstein_n on_o the_o north-west_n with_o bremen_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o some_o part_n of_o westphalia_n the_o metropolis_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n be_v think_v by_o some_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o moon_n lunus_n or_o luna_n worship_v by_o the_o ancient_a idolatrous_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o land_n other_o derive_v the_o word_n from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n elmena_n or_o ilmenow_n on_o which_o the_o city_n of_o luneburg_n be_v seat_v which_o they_o tell_v we_o be_v former_o call_v luno_n from_o isis_n the_o egyptian_a goddess_n who_o come_v into_o germany_n to_o visit_v her_o kinsman_n gambrivius_n who_o be_v in_o those_o day_n lord_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n where_o hamburg_n now_o stand_v be_v here_o deify_v and_o worship_v under_o the_o image_n of_o a_o half-moon_n several_a of_o the_o saxon_a chronologer_n report_n that_o this_o idol_n be_v first_o bring_v hither_o by_o
julius_n cesar_n who_o questionless_a if_o we_o believe_v the_o more_o credible_a roman_a historian_n never_o see_v this_o country_n however_o that_o the_o story_n in_o the_o main_n be_v true_a and_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n do_v indeed_o worship_v a_o image_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v agree_v on_o by_o all_o the_o dutch_a antiquary_n although_o they_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n to_o find_v out_o how_o their_o ancestor_n come_v come_v by_o the_o latin_a name_n of_o lunus_n or_o luna_fw-la there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n several_a river_n and_o town_n in_o this_o dukedom_n and_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n which_o still_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o lune_fw-fr the_o old_a annal_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o vehrden_n say_v that_o this_o idol_n which_o stand_v on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o mountain_n far_o from_o luneburg_n call_v at_o this_o day_n kalk-berg_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o lime_n find_v there_o be_v first_o destroy_v by_o aegisthus_n one_o of_o the_o seventy_o disciple_n that_o first_o plant_v christianity_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n yet_o afterward_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o as_o well_o as_o many_o other_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n relapse_v into_o their_o ancient_a idolatry_n the_o image_n be_v again_o set_v up_o and_o worship_v until_o at_o last_o it_o be_v final_o remove_v by_o suibert_n not_o wibert_n as_o some_o of_o their_o historian_n write_v the_o word_n the_o first_o bishop_n of_o vehrden_n who_o in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o this_o goddess_n temple_n stand_v build_v a_o splendid_a monastery_n about_o the_o year_n 780_o which_o be_v by_o he_o dedicate_v to_o st._n mary_n cluverius_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n about_o luneburg_n and_o vltzen_n which_o be_v a_o city_n about_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o luneburg_n towards_o the_o south_n be_v first_o inhabit_v by_o the_o cathulci_n who_o he_o guess_v to_o have_v be_v a_o province_n of_o the_o cherusci_n who_o territory_n reach_v much_o far_o up_o into_o the_o empire_n the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v everywhere_o full_a of_o large_a wood_n and_o forest_n many_o of_o which_o be_v note_v in_o the_o map_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o deer_n wild_a swine_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n sâ—il_n nature_n of_o the_o sâ—il_n the_o most_o note_a forest_n wherein_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n usual_o spend_v the_o hunt_a season_n of_o the_o year_n accompany_v with_o several_a of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n count_n and_o other_o noble_n of_o the_o empire_n be_v raarbroock_v die_v roffkammer_n grode_n bergerwald_n kralingerbroeck_n in_o ringelow_n in_o lewen_v and_o in_o dromeling_n another_o great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v take_v up_o with_o vast_a heath_n and_o waste_v the_o large_a of_o which_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o die_n lunenburgurgische_n heyde_n lie_v on_o the_o west_n of_o the_o city_n luneburg_n be_v a_o great_a share_n of_o the_o dukedom_n for_o several_a german_a mile_n together_o whole_o desert_a and_o uninhabited_a ducatus_n luneburgenis_n adiacentiumque_fw-la regionum_fw-la delineatio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a what_o kind_n of_o government_n the_o ancient_a saxon_n of_o which_o great_a nation_n the_o present_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v only_o two_o small_a branch_n be_v subject_a to_o 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n and_o in_o the_o same_o state_n of_o anarchy_n and_o confusion_n they_o have_v probable_o to_o this_o day_n continue_v if_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a have_v not_o new_o model_v their_o government_n and_o make_v they_o sensible_a of_o the_o convenience_n of_o be_v constant_o subject_a and_o obedient_a to_o some_o supreme_a ruler_n and_o magistrate_n but_o this_o he_o can_v never_o effect_v by_o conquest_n or_o the_o sword_n only_a religion_n by_o degree_n reduce_v they_o into_o a_o formal_a commonwealth_n and_o the_o precept_n of_o christianity_n first_o teach_v they_o how_o to_o obey_v the_o law_n of_o temporal_a as_o well_o as_o spiritual_a prince_n for_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n have_v win_v over_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nation_n to_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n get_v several_a bishopric_n erect_v in_o many_o part_n of_o the_o land_n and_o persuade_v the_o neighbourhood_n to_o pay_v tithe_n and_o other_o church_n duty_n to_o the_o prelate_n he_o have_v set_v over_o these_o new_a diocese_n and_o this_o be_v the_o only_a government_n know_v for_o some_o age_n after_o in_o the_o territory_n which_o now_o be_v know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n for_o although_o we_o read_v that_o the_o emperor_n lotharius_n make_v ludolf_n great_a grandchild_n to_o the_o famous_a wittikind_n that_o encounter_v charles_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n yet_o crantzius_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o neither_o this_o ludolf_n nor_o his_o successor_n otho_n have_v any_o thing_n to_o do_v with_o the_o low_a saxony_n but_o be_v only_o make_v prince_n of_o thuringen_n meisen_n and_o some_o other_o province_n of_o the_o upper_a saxony_n indeed_o wittikind_a a_o author_n of_o great_a credit_n seem_v to_o assert_v the_o contrary_a tell_v we_o in_o the_o first_o book_n of_o his_o history_n that_o otho_n the_o first_o german_a emperor_n of_o that_o name_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n leave_v behind_o he_o one_o herman_n a_o baron_n son_n so_o the_o learned_a meibomius_n prove_v he_o to_o have_v be_v though_o most_o of_o the_o dutch_a historian_n say_v he_o be_v descend_v from_o much_o mean_a parentage_n who_o he_o make_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o these_o part_n and_o to_o encourage_v he_o faithful_o to_o discharge_v his_o office_n settle_v several_a land_n and_o tenement_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o soon_o after_o the_o say_a emperor_n return_v out_o of_o italy_n where_o for_o some_o considerable_a time_n he_o have_v for_o weighty_a reason_n be_v force_v to_o keep_v his_o residence_n be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o herman_n acquit_v himself_n brave_o of_o the_o trust_v repose_v in_o he_o that_o immediate_o he_o make_v he_o duke_n of_o north_n saxony_n contain_v all_o the_o territory_n now_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o lawenburg_n together_o with_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o holstein_n dominion_n this_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 966._o by_o this_o mean_v the_o great_a dukedom_n come_v to_o be_v divide_v dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o a_o new_a dukedom_n the_o prince_n whereof_o however_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o saxony_n erect_v out_o of_o it_o which_o be_v govern_v by_o herman_n and_o his_o successor_n bruno_n bernhard_n artolf_n and_o magnus_n the_o last_o of_o these_o die_v without_o any_o heir_n male_a though_o not_o in_o the_o emperor_n prison_n as_o some_o historian_n have_v confident_o report_v but_o at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o house_n in_o the_o year_n 1106._o whereupon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n be_v give_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v._o to_o lotharius_n baron_n of_o querfurt_n after_o lotharius_n death_n henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n surname_v the_o proud_a get_v possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n which_o he_o challenge_v upon_o a_o double_a account_n as_o have_v marry_v lotharius_n daughter_n and_o be_v himself_o the_o son_n of_o wolfbilde_a daughter_n to_o duke_n magnus_n lotharius_n predecessor_n but_o albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n oppose_v he_o with_o so_o good_a success_n at_o first_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o city_n of_o lunenburg_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n out_o of_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o beat_v back_o albert_n at_o last_o and_o so_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n the_o pretension_n which_o albert_n have_v to_o this_o dukedom_n be_v ground_v upon_o his_o be_v son_n to_o duke_n magnus_n elder_a daughter_n elicke_n whereas_o henry_n be_v only_o descend_v from_o the_o young_a and_o therefore_o have_v the_o worse_a title_n if_o his_o father-in-law_n lotharius_n right_o have_v prove_v insignificant_a this_o henry_n leave_v behind_o he_o one_o only_a son_n henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n a_o prince_n of_o so_o great_a and_o fortunate_a undertake_n in_o war_n that_o the_o german_a chronicle_n be_v full_a of_o his_o exploit_n some_o of_o the_o dutch_a historian_n tell_v we_o he_o extend_v his_o dominion_n from_o the_o rhine_n to_o the_o elb_n other_o say_v from_o the_o adriatic_a to_o the_o baltic_a sea_n a_o three_o sort_n go_v yet_o further_o and_o make_v he_o lord_n of_o holstein_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o denmark_n certain_a it_o be_v he_o be_v a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o ruler_n over_o more_o province_n than_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n can_v lay_v claim_n to_o
he_o mention_n yet_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o this_o wisimir_n if_o ever_o there_o be_v any_o such_o man_n must_v have_v slay_v siward_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 340_o and_o we_o never_o hear_v of_o duke_n lechus_n in_o poland_n before_o the_o year_n 550_o nay_o some_o say_v he_o begin_v his_o government_n in_o the_o year_n 644._o wherefore_o omit_v these_o impertinent_a contradiction_n and_o anticronism_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o wismar_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o convenience_n of_o its_o situation_n wis-mee_a signify_v no_o more_o than_o a_o safe_a and_o secure_a part_n of_o the_o ocean_n such_o a_o one_o as_o that_o be_v upon_o which_o this_o city_n be_v now_o seat_v nor_o be_v the_o town_n so_o ancient_a as_o they_o will_v make_v it_o but_o first_o build_v or_o at_o least_o make_v a_o city_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o mecklenburg_n which_o as_o have_v be_v already_o say_v be_v once_o the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o whole_a dukedom_n about_o the_o year_n 1250_o or_o as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o 1238_o by_o gunceline_n ii_o earl_n of_o swerin_n afterward_o henry_n duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n for_o his_o great_a performance_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n surname_v hierosolymitanus_n bring_v hither_o the_o statute_n and_o ordinance_n observe_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubec_n and_o new_o model_v wismar_n about_o the_o year_n 1266._o from_o which_o time_n it_o grow_v so_o extravagant_o great_a and_o populous_a that_o within_o a_o very_a short_a time_n it_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a hans-town_n and_o be_v make_v the_o harbour_n for_o all_o the_o man_n of_o war_n belong_v to_o that_o society_n this_o engage_v the_o whole_a community_n to_o contribute_v towards_o its_o fortification_n insomuch_o that_o within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o very_a few_o year_n it_o become_v almost_o impregnable_a by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n the_o city_n and_o haven_n of_o wismar_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o wallfrisch_n and_o the_o peninsula_n of_o pole_n except_v the_o village_n of_o schedorff_n weitendorff_n brandenhusen_n and_o wangeren_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o hospital_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n in_o lubec_n as_o also_o newen-clost_a be_v give_v up_o to_o the_o swede_n since_o which_o time_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v always_o style_v himself_o lord_n of_o wismar_n but_o in_o these_o late_a war_n between_o the_o two_o northern_a crown_n the_o city_n of_o wismar_n among_o many_o other_o be_v take_v by_o the_o present_a victorious_a king_n of_o denmark_n christian_a v._n although_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o eight_o article_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o peace_n sign_v at_o fountainblaeu_n on_o the_o second_o day_n of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1679_o by_o the_o french_a and_o danish_a minister_n that_o wismar_n and_o rugen_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o swede_n within_o three_o week_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o the_o say_a treaty_n yet_o in_o a_o second_o treaty_n sign_v on_o the_o twenty-sixth_a day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n at_o lunden_n in_o schonen_fw-mi it_o be_v agree_v that_o wismar_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o surety_n for_o the_o arrear_n of_o certain_a contribution_n due_a from_o that_o king_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n this_o obligation_n it_o seem_v be_v not_o yet_o cancel_v for_o the_o dane_n to_o this_o day_n keep_v possession_n of_o this_o great_a town_n and_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v force_v in_o any_o short_a time_n to_o yield_v it_o up_o iii_o rostock_n rostock_n rostock_n a_o city_n of_o great_a antiquity_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o story_n which_o some_o of_o the_o german_a antiquary_n report_v of_o it_o for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o this_o be_v the_o very_a place_n which_o several_a of_o the_o ancient_a roman_a writer_n point_v at_o when_o they_o report_v great_a thing_n of_o lacinium_n rhodopolis_n and_o laciburgium_n all_o which_o name_v the_o modern_a historian_n appropriate_v to_o rostock_n but_o how_o its_o name_n come_v at_o last_o to_o be_v change_v for_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v but_o little_a affinity_n betwixt_o lacinium_n or_o laciburgium_n and_o rostock_n although_o rhodopolis_n come_v something_o near_o to_o the_o modern_a name_n they_o can_v so_o easy_o determine_v some_o think_v the_o word_n rostock_n or_o rostzogz_v a_o compound_n of_o two_o old_a wendish_n monosyllable_n signify_v as_o much_o as_o a_o confluence_n of_o two_o river_n so_o that_o this_o city_n according_a to_o this_o derivation_n have_v its_o name_n at_o first_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o several_a great_a town_n in_o france_n be_v at_o this_o day_n name_v confluent_a the_o polish_v writer_n say_v the_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o countryman_n in_o who_o language_n rostock_n signify_v a_o moist_a or_o boggy_a place_n p._n lindebergius_n in_o his_o chronocle_n of_o rostoch_n prove_v from_o inscription_n upon_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o city_n and_o other_o ancient_a monument_n that_o the_o true_a name_n of_o the_o town_n be_v rotzstock_n and_o he_o guess_v that_o this_o name_n be_v first_o give_v it_o from_o a_o great_a red_a pillar_n von_fw-mi einem_fw-la rothen_fw-ge soul_fw-mi oder_fw-ge stock_n which_o in_o the_o day_n of_o paganism_n and_o idolatry_n be_v worship_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n and_o this_o conjecture_n seem_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o name_n of_o rhodopolis_n beforementioned_a not_o to_o mention_v its_o be_v back_v with_o the_o authority_n of_o a_o learned_a man_n and_o great_a antiquary_n but_o whatever_o grand_a conceit_n the_o mecklenburger_n may_v have_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o city_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o in_o the_o year_n 329_o it_o be_v only_o a_o small_a inconsiderable_a village_n build_v by_o some_o poor_a fisherman_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o warna_n and_o consist_v of_o a_o few_o slender_a tent_n rather_o than_o house_n afterward_o it_o be_v advance_v into_o a_o small_a city_n by_o gotheschalk_n king_n of_o the_o heruli_n and_o by_o his_o successor_n primislaus_n the_o second_o notable_o enlarge_v about_o the_o year_n 1160._o at_o last_o burevinus_n primislaus_n son_n make_v it_o a_o complete_a city_n have_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o wall_v it_o about_o and_o new_a model_v it_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n burevinus_n charter_n which_o the_o citizen_n of_o rostock_n show_v to_o this_o day_n among_o other_o record_n of_o their_o corporation_n be_v sign_v in_o the_o year_n 1218._o at_o this_o day_n it_o consist_v of_o three_o part_n the_o old_a new_a and_o middle_a city_n in_o all_o which_o be_v reckon_v 140_o street_n and_o many_o thousand_o of_o high_a and_o stately_a citizen_n house_n the_o most_o memorable_a thing_n in_o rostock_n be_v usual_o by_o the_o mecklenburger_n in_o their_o saxon_a dialect_n reckon_v up_o in_o the_o follow_a rithm_n seven_o doren_n tho_o st._n marien-karcke_a seven_o straten_v van_fw-mi den_fw-mi grooten_a marckle_z seven_o thore_fw-la so_o der_fw-ge gahn_fw-ge tho_o land_n seven_o kopmans_n bruggen_n by_o they_fw-mi strande_fw-fr seven_o tear_v so_o up_o den_fw-mi radthuss_n staan_n seven_o klocken_n die_v daar_o daglycken_v slaan_n seven_o linden_fw-mi open_fw-mi den_fw-mi rosen-garden_n that_o sin_v die_v rostocker_n kennewarten_v i_o e._n there_o be_v seven_o time_n seven_o remarkable_a thing_n in_o rostock_n 1._o seven_o great_a door_n to_o the_o cathedral_n church_n of_o st._n mary_n 2._o seven_o large_a street_n lead_v to_o the_o chief_a marketplace_n 3._o seven_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n towards_o the_o land_n seven_o bridge_n over_o the_o warna_n which_o run_v through_o several_a place_n of_o the_o town_n 5._o seven_o tower_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o town_n hall_n 6._o seven_o great_a bell_n which_o chime_n at_o certain_a hour_n in_o the_o town_n clock_n 7._o seven_o vast_a linden_n tree_n in_o the_o common_a garden_n but_o of_o late_a year_n one_o of_o their_o bridge_n be_v decay_v with_o age_n fall_v down_o and_o because_o of_o no_o great_a use_n have_v not_o since_o be_v repair_v so_o that_o one_o of_o their_o septenaries_n be_v fail_v the_o most_o notable_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v beer_n which_o be_v here_o brew_v and_o carry_v into_o several_a part_n of_o germany_n and_o other_o nation_n a_o rostocker_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o yearly_a by_o the_o 250_o privilege_a brewer_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v at_o least_o so_o many_o thousand_o tun_n of_o beer_n brew_v beside_o the_o vast_a quantity_n which_o many_o of_o the_o private_a citizen_n man_n especial_o of_o the_o chief_a rank_n and_o repute_v must_v be_v suppose_v to_o brew_v for_o their_o own_o use_n the_o university_n at_o rostock_n which_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o large_a and_o best_a stock_v in_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v first_o found_v by_o john_n
six_o chief_a court_n of_o judicature_n judicature_n court_n of_o judicature_n for_o the_o examination_n and_o trial_n of_o case_n civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a in_o the_o elector_n dominion_n 1._o at_o coen_n on_o the_o spree_n or_o in_o the_o elector_n palace_n at_o berlin_n 2._o at_o colberg_n in_o pomeren_n 3._o cleve_n 4._o halberstadt_n 5._o petershagh_n where_o all_o cause_n depend_v between_o any_o of_o the_o elector_n subject_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o minden_n be_v bring_v to_o trial_n 6._o konigsberg_n in_o prussia_n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v the_o court_n of_o magdeburg_n since_o that_o archbishopric_n be_v now_o fall_v into_o the_o elector_n hand_n but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n strict_o so_o call_v be_v common_o divide_v into_o the_o alt_z mittel_v neve_o and_o vcker-marck_n with_o the_o territory_n of_o prignitz_n and_o sternberg_n but_o take_v prignitz_n and_o vcker-marck_n into_o the_o middle_a and_o sternberg_n into_o the_o new_a we_o may_v include_v they_o all_o under_o the_o three_o follow_a head_n altmarck_n first_o altmarck_n or_o the_o old_a marquisate_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n on_o the_o west_n with_o saxon-lawenburg_a and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n territory_n on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o middle_a marck_n contain_v about_o thirty_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n or_o breadth_n some_o author_n for_o the_o plenty_n it_o afford_v of_o all_o manner_n of_o herb_n and_o fruit_n have_v be_v please_v to_o call_v it_o the_o galilee_n of_o germany_n it_o be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o four_o petty_a province_n whereof_o that_o on_o the_o east_n call_v das_n balsamerland_n or_o ostland_n contain_v stendal_n arneburg_n the_o city_n and_o county_n of_o osterburg_n with_o some_o other_o town_n of_o note_n on_o the_o south_n lie_v die_v langer_n or_o das_n angerland_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n anger_n towards_o the_o west_n das_n land_n zu_fw-ge zermund_n in_o which_o be_v situate_a the_o ancient_a city_n soltwedel_n and_o last_o das_n senland_n on_o the_o north_n suppose_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o senones_n who_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n the_o most_o considerable_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o old_a marck_n be_v 1._o stendal_n the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n stendal_n stendal_n seat_v upon_o the_o river_n vcht_v about_o five_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o the_o elb_n and_o angermund_n in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a and_o at_o the_o side_n of_o a_o large_a forest_n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 920_o and_o afterward_o fortify_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o bulwark_n by_o marquis_n albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1150._o in_o this_o neat_a and_o well-built_a hans-town_n be_v keep_v the_o ordinary_a quarter-session_n for_o decision_n of_o all_o law-suit_n in_o the_o old_a marck_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v in_o corn_n and_o linen_n cloth_n with_o which_o and_o the_o daily_a opportunity_n of_o entertain_v passenger_n that_o travel_v this_o road_n from_o hamburg_n and_o lubec_n towards_o magdeburg_n erfurt_n etc._n etc._n they_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o live_v handsome_o marchia_n vetus_fw-la vulgo_fw-la alte_fw-la marck_n in_o march_n brandenburgico_fw-la to_o the_o r._n t_o wor._n ll_o ralph_n macro_n m._n d._n r_o this_o plate_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n marchia_n media_fw-la vulgo_fw-la midle_n marck_n in_o brandenburg_n je_n ne_fw-fr search_v quâ—_n to_o the_o r._n t_o hon._n t_o james_n earl_n of_o northampton_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o m._n pitt_n 3._o gardleben_n gardleben_n gardleben_n some_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n be_v isoburgum_n from_o the_o image_n of_o isis_n here_o worship_v other_o believe_v it_o be_v isernburg_n and_o so_o call_v from_o its_o impregnable_a strength_n that_o name_n signify_v proper_o a_o city_n of_o iron_n the_o neighbour_a old_a fort_n call_v still_o by_o its_o ancient_a wendish_n name_n iseren_n schnippe_n i._n e._n iron_n jaw_n give_v occasion_n to_o both_o these_o opinion_n which_o be_v pure_o conjectural_a and_o be_v neither_o countenance_v by_o antiquity_n nor_o probability_n but_o omit_v these_o fancy_n with_o that_o of_o other_o author_n equal_o impertinent_a who_o write_v the_o gardelegia_fw-la and_o fetch_v its_o etymology_n from_o gardalegionum_fw-la or_o custodia_fw-la legionum_fw-la because_o forsooth_o claudius_n drusus_n quarter_v some_o of_o his_o soldier_n here_o as_o well_o as_o at_o soltwedel_n it_o be_v most_o likely_a this_o city_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o multitude_n of_o pleasant_a garden_n among_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v the_o beer_n brew_v in_o this_o town_n be_v famous_a all_o germany_n over_o and_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a blessing_n of_o the_o old_a marck_n henry_n meibonius_fw-la a_o professor_n in_o helmstadt_n whither_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o liquor_n be_v ordinary_o convey_v have_v write_v a_o panegyric_n in_o commendation_n of_o it_o another_o great_a commodity_n of_o the_o town_n be_v hops_n which_o be_v prefer_v by_o the_o danish_a merchant_n and_o other_o before_o the_o best_a in_o germany_n and_o buy_v up_o at_o a_o high_a rate_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o city_n be_v three_o hop-pole_n lade_v with_o hops_n iv_o angermund_n angermund_n angermund_n or_o tangermund_n seat_v as_o the_o name_n intimate_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n anger_n or_o tanger_n about_o thirty_o english_a mile_n from_o magdeburg_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o have_v buy_v the_o whole_a marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n build_v the_o castle_n of_o angermund_n in_o the_o year_n 1376_o make_v this_o the_o usual_a place_n of_o his_o residence_n for_o some_o year_n after_o the_o citizen_n have_v a_o considerable_a trade_n from_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o elb_n by_o which_o their_o corn_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o country_n be_v convey_v in_o vessel_n down_o to_o hamburg_n and_o thence_o into_o foreign_a nation_n other_o place_n of_o less_o note_n be_v 1._o seehusen_n or_o senheusen_n as_o some_o write_v it_o seat_v on_o the_o river_n alant_fw-la and_o false_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o the_o senones_n who_o be_v indeed_o a_o gaulish_a people_n and_o never_o inhabit_v these_o part_n 2._o osterburg_n a_o great_a corn-market_n 3._o werben_fw-ge seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o river_n elb_n and_o havel_n build_v by_o henry_n surname_v the_o fowler_n out_o of_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a castellum_n vari_n gustavus_n adolphus_n fancy_v this_o place_n capable_a of_o be_v make_v the_o strong_a fort_n in_o germany_n and_o himself_o contribute_v so_o far_o towards_o its_o fortification_n as_o to_o cause_v that_o castle_n to_o be_v build_v which_o now_o command_v the_o whole_a town_n 4._o havelberg_n ancient_o a_o bishop_n see_n 5._o perleberg_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o prignitz_n seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n arneburg_n wittenberg_n bismarcht_v schnakenburg_n with_o some_o other_o be_v village_n rather_o than_o great_a to_n ii_o middle-marck_n middle-marck_n as_o its_o name_n intimate_v be_v situate_a in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n it_o be_v the_o large_a of_o the_o three_o and_o reach_v from_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o elb_n to_o the_o other_o about_o a_o hundred_o english_a mile_n the_o chief_a town_n in_o it_o be_v i._o brandenburg_n which_o brandenburg_n brandenburg_n though_o at_o present_a far_o inferior_a to_o many_o of_o the_o neighbour_a city_n well_o merit_v the_o preeminence_n as_o have_v be_v former_o the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o whole_a land_n and_o to_o this_o day_n give_v name_n to_o the_o marquisate_n some_o of_o the_o german_a historian_n endeavour_v to_o persuade_v we_o that_o it_o be_v build_v 416_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n by_o one_o brenno_n a_o famous_a captain_n of_o the_o semnones_n other_o more_o modest_o fetch_v its_o original_n and_o name_n from_o one_o brando_n who_o as_o they_o tell_v the_o story_n first_o build_v this_o city_n about_o the_o year_n 230._o at_o present_v the_o town_n be_v considerable_a for_o little_a but_o its_o age_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n will_v be_v put_v to_o a_o hard_a shift_n to_o pick_v up_o a_o livelihood_n if_o the_o neighbour_a lake_n about_o ten_o english_a mile_n in_o length_n do_v not_o supply_v they_o with_o good_a store_n of_o fish_n in_o the_o great_a church_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o monument_n and_o sepulcher_n of_o prince_n and_o bishop_n and_o in_o the_o marketplace_n a_o statue_n rolandina_n of_o which_o last_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o short_a account_n ii_o berlin_n berlin_n berlin_n angelius_n a_o
opinion_n that_o it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o drusus_n and_o his_o son_n germanicus_n in_o the_o day_n of_o augustus_n cesar_n but_o pyrckamer_n think_v it_o be_v yet_o old_a and_o the_o same_o with_o ptolomy_n vesovium_n they_o that_o fetch_v its_o original_a no_o high_o than_o the_o roman_a captain_n drusus_n time_n tell_v we_o it_o have_v its_o name_n from_o a_o image_n of_o venus_n call_v in_o their_o language_n die_v magde_v i._n e._n the_o maid_n which_o say_v they_o the_o old_a record_n of_o magdeburg_n report_n to_o have_v be_v worship_v in_o the_o neighbour_a bank_n of_o the_o elb._n hence_o we_o meet_v with_o the_o name_n of_o parthenope_n parthenopolis_n and_o sometime_o parthenopyrga_n the_o greek_a word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v the_o same_o with_o the_o high_a dutch_a burg_n in_o latin_a historian_n instead_o of_o magdeburgum_fw-la this_o image_n as_o the_o report_n go_v be_v destroy_v and_o its_o temple_n utter_o demolish_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v officer_n who_o convert_v the_o great_a treasure_n they_o have_v seize_v to_o better_a use_n in_o building_n st._n stephen_n church_n in_o the_o town_n a_o ancient_a chronicle_n of_o the_o city_n of_o brunswic_n give_v this_o description_n of_o the_o forementioned_a image_n that_o it_o represent_v a_o naked_a woman_n with_o bright_a shine_a eye_n and_o long_o yellow_a hair_n seat_v in_o a_o guilt_n chariot_n draw_v by_o two_o white_a swan_n and_o as_o many_o white_a turtle_n upon_o her_o head_n be_v place_v a_o garland_n of_o myrtle_n and_o on_o her_o breast_n a_o burn_a torch_n flame_v every_o way_n in_o her_o right_a hand_n she_o hold_v a_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n and_o in_o she_o leave_v three_o golden_a apple_n she_o be_v attend_v by_o three_o grace_n who_o cover_v each_o other_o eye_n with_o a_o veil_n what_o credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o these_o story_n i_o know_v not_o nor_o will_v it_o probable_o be_v worth_a the_o while_n to_o inquire_v however_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o whatever_o antiquity_n the_o town_n of_o magdeburg_n may_v pretend_v to_o it_o be_v never_o wall_v round_o before_o the_o year_n 940_o nor_o can_v ever_o challenge_v the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n till_o some_o time_n after_o for_o edgitha_n wife_n to_o the_o emperor_n otho_n i._n and_o daughter_n to_o our_o english-saxon_a king_n edmund_n have_v the_o land_n about_o magdeburg_n settle_v on_o she_o for_o a_o jointure_n prevail_v with_o her_o husband_n to_o give_v her_o leave_n to_o build_v a_o city_n in_o this_o place_n and_o to_o wall_n it_o in_o this_o grant_v the_o emperor_n second_v with_o large_a contribution_n out_o of_o his_o own_o treasury_n and_o translate_v the_o bishopric_n of_o vallersleben_n to_o this_o new_a city_n so_o that_o magdeburg_n have_v if_o not_o its_o name_n at_o least_o its_o glory_n from_o a_o english_a princess_n soon_o after_o the_o say_a emperor_n otho_n prevail_v with_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n to_o make_v magdeburg_n a_o archbishopric_n and_o to_o order_v that_o several_a of_o the_o neighbour_a bishop_n particular_o the_o bishop_n of_o mersburg_n zeitz_n havelberg_n and_o brandenburg_n shall_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n as_o to_o their_o lawful_a metropolitan_a who_o shall_v acknowledge_v no_o man_n supremacy_n in_o spiritual_n but_o the_o pope_n from_o thenceforward_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n have_v the_o title_n of_o primate_n of_o germany_n confer_v on_o he_o though_o as_o krantius_n show_v the_o three_o spiritual_a elector_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o saltzburg_n always_o refuse_v to_o pay_v he_o that_o respect_n in_o this_o state_n the_o church_n of_o magdeburg_n continue_v till_o the_o year_n 1566_o when_o the_o whole_a chapter_n have_v abandon_v the_o innovation_n and_o foppery_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o embrace_v the_o tenant_n of_o m._n luther_n elect_a joachim_n frideric_n at_o that_o time_n the_o only_a son_n of_o john_n george_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o be_v the_o administrator_n of_o their_o archbishopric_n have_v before_o his_o admission_n bind_v he_o by_o oath_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o certain_a article_n approve_v on_o by_o himself_o and_o his_o father_n after_o who_o death_n he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o electorate_v of_o brandenburg_n and_o his_o son_n christian-william_n choose_v administrator_n in_o his_o place_n who_o faithful_o discharge_v his_o trust_n till_o the_o year_n 1631_o in_o which_o the_o town_n after_o a_o long_a siege_n be_v take_v by_o the_o cruel_a count_n tilly_n who_o destroy_v the_o life_n and_o fortune_n of_o no_o less_o than_o thirty_o thousand_o citizen_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o carry_v the_o administrator_n prisoner_n to_o newstatt_n in_o austria_n where_o he_o change_v his_o religion_n and_o turn_v papist_n into_o his_o place_n the_o chapter_n elect_v augustus_n second_o son_n to_o john_n george_n the_o first_o elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o have_v have_v the_o title_n of_o coadjutor_n from_o the_o year_n 1625._o in_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n it_o be_v order_v that_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_v augustus_n the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n shall_v again_o return_v to_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o be_v for_o ever_o annex_v to_o that_o elector_n dominion_n under_o the_o name_n of_o a_o dukedom_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o agreement_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o say_a administrator_n which_o happen_v this_o last_o year_n 1680_o take_v possession_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o the_o adjoin_a territory_n which_o it_o be_v think_v will_v advance_v his_o yearly_a revenue_n the_o sum_n of_o 600000_o rixdollar_n the_o siege_n of_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o which_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v be_v so_o famous_a for_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o defendant_n siege_n siege_n and_o notorious_a for_o the_o unparalleled_a cruelty_n of_o the_o besieger_n that_o it_o well_o merit_v a_o more_o particular_a account_n than_o we_o have_v yet_o give_v of_o it_o the_o ten_o of_o may_n old_a stile_n be_v the_o bloody_a day_n whereon_o this_o horrid_a and_o tragical_a massacre_n be_v commit_v the_o burgher_n have_v long_o withstand_v the_o threat_n and_o force_n of_o the_o imperial_a general_n count_n tilly_n endeavour_v to_o secure_v their_o religion_n from_o the_o outrage_n of_o a_o popish_a army_n but_o after_o a_o long_a and_o vain_a resistance_n the_o bloody_a count_n force_v his_o way_n into_o the_o town_n and_o command_v his_o man_n to_o spare_v neither_o man_n woman_n nor_o child_n but_o put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n to_o fire_v all_o their_o church_n and_o private_a house_n and_o to_o extirpate_v if_o possible_a their_o very_a name_n in_o obedience_n to_o his_o command_n woman_n in_o travail_n be_v rip_v up_o and_o the_o suck_a child_n snatch_v from_o their_o mother_n breast_n and_o hew_a in_o piece_n before_o their_o eye_n the_o young_a virgin_n be_v first_o ravish_v in_o the_o open_a street_n and_o then_o murder_v then_o whereof_o be_v say_v to_o have_v prevent_v their_o shame_n by_o hast'ning_n their_o death_n the_o one_o throw_v herself_o before_o tilly_n face_n into_o a_o well_o and_o the_o other_o into_o the_o fire_n sixteen_o church_n and_o chapel_n whereof_o many_o cover_v with_o lead_n and_o one_o with_o copper_n be_v burn_v down_o and_o not_o a_o house_n in_o the_o town_n leave_v stand_v save_o a_o few_o fishermen_n cottage_n which_o the_o imperialist_n will_v not_o vouchsafe_v to_o fire_n of_o near_o forty_o thousand_o citizen_n scarce_o four_o hundred_o be_v leave_v alive_a and_o those_o destitute_a of_o house_n and_o other_o convenience_n requisite_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o miserable_a life_n they_o have_v spare_v they_o this_o bloody_a exploit_n count_n tilly_n be_v use_v to_o brag_v of_o afterward_o in_o his_o jollity_n call_v it_o merry_o the_o marriage-feast_n of_o magdeburg_n since_o this_o desolation_n the_o town_n have_v not_o to_o this_o day_n be_v able_a to_o recover_v its_o former_a grandeur_n condition_n present_a condition_n but_o be_v everywhere_o chequered_a with_o new_a building_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o old_a they_o have_v rebuilt_a one_o stately_a church_n but_o most_o of_o the_o rest_n lie_v still_o bury_v in_o their_o ash_n tilly_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o rage_n be_v persuade_v to_o spare_v the_o cathedral_n which_o be_v indeed_o a_o stately_a structure_n and_o enough_o to_o recommend_v the_o whole_a town_n to_o a_o stranger_n eye_n in_o one_o of_o the_o chapel_n in_o this_o church_n be_v show_v the_o tomb_n of_o the_o emperor_n otho_n the_o great_a with_o his_o wife_n edgitha_n beforementioned_a hold_v in_o her_o hand_n nineteen_o small_a globe_n within_o a_o golden_a circle_n which_o denote_v so_o many_o tun_n of_o gold_n give_v by_o the_o emperor_n at_o her_o request_n towards_o the_o build_n of_o this_o cathedral_n there_o be_v
immediate_o suspect_v by_o their_o number_n the_o whole_a matter_n confess_v her_o design_n and_o be_v pardon_v by_o her_o husband_n from_o the_o elder_a of_o these_o whelp_n or_o guelps_n for_o so_o the_o old_a count_n order_v they_o to_o be_v name_v in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o midwife_n answer_n be_v descend_v that_o henry_n guelph_n earl_n of_o altorf_n who_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o make_v afterward_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n how_o this_o family_n come_v afterward_o to_o increase_v their_o dominion_n by_o the_o accession_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n be_v already_o show_v in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o need_v not_o here_o be_v repeat_v the_o reform_a religion_n religion_n religion_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o luther_n and_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v first_o bring_v into_o this_o country_n by_o duke_n julius_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1589._o since_o which_o time_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n subject_n have_v be_v rigid_a assertor_n of_o lutheranism_n and_o as_o vehement_a opposer_n of_o popery_n and_o calvinism_n indeed_o of_o late_a year_n the_o great_a authority_n and_o respect_n which_o the_o calixti_fw-la and_o other_o latitudinarian_o have_v get_v at_o helmstadt_n have_v win_v over_o some_o multitude_n to_o their_o persuasion_n but_o the_o generality_n be_v of_o their_o prince_n religion_n and_o zealous_o pursue_v the_o footstep_n of_o their_o megalander_n as_o they_o be_v please_v to_o call_v he_o martin_n luther_n each_o particular_a dukedom_n have_v its_o distinct_a supremacy_n in_o ecclesiastical_a as_o well_o as_o civil_a affair_n churchgovernment_n churchgovernment_n which_o be_v administer_v in_o this_o manner_n under_o each_o dukedom_n there_o be_v one_o superintendens_fw-la generalissimus_fw-la who_o have_v supreme_a inspection_n over_o all_o the_o church_n and_o resemble_v one_o of_o our_o archbishop_n to_o he_o be_v subject_a the_o several_a superintendente_n generales_n or_o bishop_n and_o to_o these_o the_o superintendentes_fw-la speciales_fw-la which_o be_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o effect_n with_o our_o archdeacon_n in_o some_o province_n they_o have_v no_o other_o distinction_n of_o superintendent_o then_o into_o generales_n and_o speciales_fw-la to_o wit_n where_o the_o whole_a province_n be_v of_o so_o small_a extent_n as_o not_o to_o require_v more_o than_o one_o single_a bishop_n so_o that_o we_o see_v how_o willing_a the_o lutheran_n be_v to_o admit_v of_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n of_o archbishop_n and_o bishop_n in_o their_o church_n although_o they_o have_v get_v a_o trick_n of_o bawl_v out_o against_o their_o name_n as_o popish_a and_o antichristian_a city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n brunswic_n i._o brunswic_n i._o in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o brunswic_n among_o many_o other_o monument_n there_o be_v a_o old_a parchment_n write_v in_o plat-dutch_a contain_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a person_n which_o lie_v bury_v in_o that_o church_n which_o begin_v thus_o alse_a man_n schreff_a na_fw-fr god_n gebordt_fw-ge 861_o hefft_fw-mi hertogg_fw-mi danckquarth_n though_o sassen_n erstlik_a dusse_n borch_n bemuhret_v unde_fw-la danckquarderode_n geheten_v unde_fw-la nomen_fw-la latin_a i._n e._n in_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 861_o danckquarth_n duke_n of_o saxony_n first_o wall_v in_o this_o castle_n and_o call_v it_o danckquarderode_n or_o tanquard's-cross_n which_o agree_v with_o the_o story_n we_o find_v in_o most_o german_a chronologer_n of_o note_n who_o treat_v of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o this_o place_n for_o they_o tell_v we_o that_o bruno_n and_o tanquard_n son_n of_o ludolph_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v the_o first_o founder_n of_o this_o town_n which_o from_o the_o former_a be_v call_v brunswic_n the_o latter_a only_o give_v name_n to_o the_o castle_n since_o that_o time_n this_o city_n have_v be_v continual_o augment_v by_o the_o succeed_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o brunswic_n and_o be_v now_o become_v one_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a hans-town_n in_o the_o empire_n insomuch_o that_o the_o citizen_n divide_v themselves_o into_o five_o distinct_a corporation_n who_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a magistrate_n of_o their_o own_o and_o have_v so_o many_o different_a court_n of_o judicature_n these_o company_n never_o unite_v but_o upon_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n wherein_o the_o common_a interest_n of_o the_o whole_a town_n seem_v concern_v whether_o brunswic_n be_v a_o free_a imperial_a city_n or_o subject_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n have_v be_v a_o question_n often_o controvert_v betwixt_o both_o party_n concern_v each_o of_o who_o have_v endeavour_v to_o assert_v their_o pretension_n by_o dint_n of_o sword_n and_o have_v come_v off_o with_o various_a success_n witness_v the_o sieges_n in_o the_o year_n 1492_o 1550_o 1553_o 1605_o 1606_o 1614_o 1616_o etc._n etc._n it_o be_v last_n of_o all_o besiege_a by_o the_o present_a duke_n rudolphus_n augustus_n who_o take_v it_o in_o the_o year_n 1671._o since_o which_o time_n he_o have_v take_v care_n to_o be_v very_o often_o resident_a in_o the_o town_n and_o always_o at_o his_o departure_n to_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o strong_a guard_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o this_o city_n be_v in_o hides_n and_o mum._n trade_n trade_n the_o tanner_n have_v skin_n out_o of_o england_n denmark_n and_o other_o nation_n which_o they_o return_v dress_v their_o mom_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n one_o whereof_o be_v of_o a_o thin_a and_o weak_a body_n the_o ordinary_a drink_n of_o the_o citizen_n and_o neighbour_a rustic_n the_o other_o which_o they_o call_v ship-mum_a be_v a_o much_o clammier_n and_o grosser_n liquor_n brew_v on_o purpose_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a nation_n this_o kind_n of_o drink_n which_o be_v scarce_o potable_a before_o it_o have_v be_v putrify_v by_o work_v at_o sea_n be_v make_v of_o barley_n and_o hops_n with_o a_o small_a mixture_n of_o wheat_n there_o be_v a_o set_a number_n of_o brewer_n who_o have_v the_o sole_a power_n of_o make_v it_o and_o their_o appoint_a time_n of_o brew_v be_v from_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n to_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o march_n here_z by_o the_o way_n i_o can_v but_o wonder_n that_o meibomius_n write_v a_o commentary_n de_fw-fr cerevisiis_fw-la potibusque_fw-la &_o ebriaminibus_fw-la extra_fw-la vinum_fw-la aliis_fw-la shall_v omit_v the_o two_o most_o famous_a liquor_n of_o his_o own_o nation_n mum_o and_o breuhane_v ii_o wolfenbuttel_n wolfenbuttel_n wolfenbuttel_n this_o be_v the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n famous_a for_o its_o strong_a and_o impregnable_a fortification_n it_o confist_n of_o two_o part_n 1._o arx_n guelpica_fw-la or_o the_o duke_n palace_n which_o be_v proper_o call_v wolfenbuttel_n which_o name_n it_o have_v from_o its_o first_o founder_n duke_n ekbert_n who_o be_v of_o the_o guelphian_a family_n the_o termination_n of_o the_o word_n in_o this_o as_o many_o other_o name_n of_o city_n and_o great_a town_n in_o germany_n denote_v a_o moist_a and_o watery_a situation_n such_o as_o this_o town_n have_v and_o which_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o its_o strength_n and_o security_n 2._o the_o city_n or_o henrich-stadt_a so_o call_v from_o duke_n henry_n the_o young_a its_o founder_n the_o only_a remarkable_a thing_n in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o town_n be_v the_o new_a church_n which_o some_o italian_n and_o many_o other_o foreigner_n if_o we_o believe_v the_o citizen_n have_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o most_o admirable_a piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o a_o vault_n under_o the_o choir_n lie_v bury_v one_o and_o twenty_o duke_n and_o duchess_n of_o brunswic_n wrap_v up_o in_o coffin_n of_o lead_n with_o inscription_n in_o the_o duke_n palace_n the_o most_o remarkable_a thing_n be_v braunswick_n &_o meydburg_n come_v caeteris_fw-la adiacentibus_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio_n waesbergios_fw-la mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a ducatus_fw-la brunsvicensis_fw-la accuratissime_fw-la discriptio_fw-la apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a his_o son_n and_o successor_n duke_n rudolphus_n augustus_n keep_v now_o his_o residence_n at_o wulfenbuttel_n a_o mild_a learned_a and_o religious_a prince_n follow_v the_o step_n of_o his_o father_n rather_o in_o his_o study_n then_o in_o act_n of_o chivalry_n he_o have_v no_o male_a issue_n but_o be_v like_a to_o be_v succeed_v by_o some_o of_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n antony_n vlric_n the_o elder_a whereof_o be_v slay_v at_o the_o late_a siege_n of_o maestricht_n iii_o helmstadt_n which_o city_n be_v reckon_v the_o old_a in_o saxony_n next_o bardewic_n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a about_o a._n d._n 782_o and_o so_o name_v from_o the_o abundance_n of_o elm-tree_n that_o encompass_v it_o here_o st._n ludger_n who_o be_v send_v into_o these_o part_n by_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n to_o convert_v the_o infidel_n saxon_n preach_v and_o the_o citizen_n pretend_v to_o show_v traveller_n the_o
very_a church_n now_o almost_o nine_o hundred_o year_n old_a wherein_o his_o first_o sermon_n be_v deliver_v but_o the_o great_a ornament_n of_o this_o town_n be_v the_o academia_n julia_n or_o university_n found_v by_o julius_n duke_n of_o brunswic-wolfenbuttel_n in_o the_o year_n 1576._o among_o other_o grand_a privilege_n grant_v to_o this_o university_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n ii_o it_o be_v order_v that_o its_o rector_n shall_v for_o ever_o be_v honour_v with_o the_o title_n and_o dignity_n of_o count_n palatine_n whereupon_o henry_n julius_n duke_n julius_n elder_a son_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v by_o his_o father_n make_v the_o first_o rector_n and_o before_o his_o succession_n to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n upon_o his_o father_n death_n found_v the_o fair_a college_n which_o be_v still_o call_v juleum_fw-la novum_fw-la these_o two_o duke_n procure_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o professor_n and_o student_n in_o this_o university_n a_o considerable_a library_n of_o book_n which_o since_o have_v be_v well_o augment_v but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o that_o at_o wolfenbuttel_n among_o some_o hundred_o of_o hebrew_n greek_a latin_a and_o dutch_a manuscript_n of_o little_a value_n they_o have_v two_o old_a volume_n contain_v the_o pentateuch_n in_o hebrew_a write_v on_o vellum_n in_o a_o fair_a and_o legible_a character_n for_o these_o two_o book_n they_o tell_v we_o several_a jewish_a rabbi_n who_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o ordinary_a skill_n in_o discern_v the_o true_a antiquity_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o monument_n in_o their_o own_o language_n have_v offer_v some_o hundred_o of_o rixdollar_n after_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n frideric_n vlric_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o the_o ancient_a house_n of_o wolfenbuttel_n the_o duke_n of_o lunenburg_n divide_v the_o rectory_n of_o this_o university_n among_o they_o agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o duke_n regent_n shall_v in_o his_o course_n supply_v that_o office_n for_o one_o year_n and_o no_o more_o and_o in_o state_n it_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v there_o be_v not_o any_o university_n in_o the_o german_a empire_n that_o have_v breed_v up_o more_o eminent_a and_o learned_a man_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o one_o century_n than_o helmstadt_n witness_v joh._n caselius_n jac._n horstius_n val._n forsterius_n reinerus_n reineccius_n hen._n meibomius_n joh._n stukius_n jac._n lampadius_n conr._n hornejus_n etc._n etc._n and_o of_o late_a year_n the_o ingenious_a calixti_fw-la and_o incomparable_a conringius_n iv_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d hannover_n the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o calenberg_n whence_o the_o duke_n palace_n be_v remove_v hither_o by_o george_n duke_n of_o brunswic-calenberg_a upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o abovementioned_a frideric_n vlric_n the_o town_n be_v ancient_o call_v lawenroda_n from_o the_o neighbour_a castle_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o count_n of_o that_o name_n about_o henry_n the_o lion_n time_n it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o hanover_n from_o a_o ferry_n at_o this_o place_n over_o the_o river_n leina_fw-la as_o some_o imagine_v han_n over_o in_o the_o old_a dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n signify_v the_o same_o as_o the_o more_o modern_a high-dutch_a haben_fw-ge uber_fw-la i.e._n to_o have_v or_o carry_v over_o there_o be_v yearly_o keep_v in_o this_o town_n four_o fair_n during_o which_o there_o be_v always_o a_o vast_a concourse_n of_o foreigner_n as_o well_o as_o german_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o contribute_v exceed_o to_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o citizen_n but_o however_o a_o more_o considerable_a share_n of_o their_o wealth_n arise_v from_o their_o breuhane_n a_o sweet_a and_o muddy_a sort_n of_o beer_n which_o be_v hence_o export_v in_o great_a quantity_n into_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o village_n v._o hamelen_n hamelen_n hamelen_n a_o ancient_a city_n on_o the_o outmost_a confine_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic-calenberg_a seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n hamel_n whence_o it_o have_v its_o name_n and_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o weser_n this_o place_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o the_o key_n to_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n and_o be_v therefore_o better_o fortify_v and_o garrison_v then_o almost_o any_o other_o city_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o brunsic_n dominion_n the_o record_n of_o this_o city_n relate_v a_o notable_a accident_n which_o happen_v among_o the_o burgher_n on_o the_o 26_o day_n of_o june_n in_o the_o year_n 1284._o the_o story_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o citizen_n be_v strange_o infest_a with_o rat_n and_o have_v try_v all_o imaginable_a expedient_n but_o in_o vain_a to_o rid_v themselves_o of_o these_o troublesome_a guest_n at_o last_o meet_v with_o a_o stranger_n who_o undertake_v for_o a_o certain_a reward_n to_o do_v the_o feat_n the_o burgher_n agree_v to_o his_o proposal_n and_o the_o strange_a gentleman_n immediate_o with_o his_o tabret_n and_o pipe_n draw_v after_o he_o all_o the_o rat_n in_o the_o town_n like_o so_o many_o maurice-dancer_n to_o the_o river_n and_o there_o drown_v they_o return_v for_o his_o reward_n it_o be_v deny_v he_o as_o be_v judge_v to_o great_a a_o recompense_n for_o so_o small_a a_o performance_n however_o less_o he_o can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o take_v but_o leave_v the_o town_n in_o a_o rage_n threaten_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o be_v revenge_v according_o about_o a_o year_n after_o he_o come_v again_o and_o play_v the_o second_o part_n of_o the_o same_o tune_n but_o with_o another_o train_n after_o he_o for_o now_o he_o go_v attend_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o child_n who_o follow_v he_o in_o at_o the_o mouth_n of_o a_o great_a cave_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o neighbour_a hill_n call_v by_o the_o burgher_n koppel-berg_a and_o be_v never_o after_o hear_v of_o in_o remembrance_n of_o this_o sad_a accident_n the_o citizen_n be_v wont_v for_o many_o year_n after_o as_o appear_v by_o several_a old_a deed_n and_o other_o record_n in_o that_o city_n to_o date_n all_o their_o indenture_n and_o contract_n such_o a_o year_n von_fw-mi unser_fw-mi kind_a aussgang_v i.e._n since_o the_o departure_n of_o our_o child_n the_o street_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v be_v to_o this_o day_n call_v bungloese_n strass_n or_o tabret-street_n and_o on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n near_o the_o cave_n mouth_n be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v a_o mounment_n of_o stone_n with_o this_o inscription_n post_fw-la duo_fw-la cc_o mille_fw-la post_fw-la octoginta_fw-la quaterque_fw-la annus_fw-la hic_fw-la est_fw-la ille_fw-la quo_fw-la languet_fw-la annus_fw-la uterque_fw-la orbantur_fw-la pueros_fw-la centum_fw-la etque_fw-la triginta_fw-la johannis_n et_fw-la pauli_n caros_fw-la hamelenses_n non_fw-la sine_fw-la damnis_fw-la fatur_fw-la ut_fw-la omnes_fw-la eos_fw-la vivos_fw-la calvaria_fw-la sorpsit_fw-la christ_n tuere_fw-la reos_fw-la ne_fw-la tam_fw-la mala_fw-la res_fw-la quibus_fw-la obsit_fw-la which_o sorry_a piece_n of_o dogg'rel_n be_v there_o translate_v into_o two_o distich_n in_o the_o nether_a saxon_a dialect_n much_o of_o the_o same_o strain_n the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n grubenhagen_n name_n name_n in_o the_o dutch_a language_n signify_v proper_o a_o grove_n or_o forest_n belong_v to_o the_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o grube_n though_o afterward_o that_o word_n be_v appropriate_v to_o a_o castle_n build_v by_o some_o of_o the_o say_a family_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n communicate_v its_o name_n to_o the_o whole_a principality_n thus_o the_o hague_n in_o holland_n call_v by_o the_o low_a dutch_a s'gravenhaghe_n which_o be_v ordinary_o render_v in_o latin_a by_o haga_n comitis_fw-la have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o neighbour_a forest_n where_o it_o seem_v the_o earl_n of_o that_o province_n be_v ancient_o use_v to_o hunt_v and_o indeed_o this_o whole_a principality_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o large_a forest_n wood._n hercynian_n wood._n most_o of_o it_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o hartz_n or_o sylva_n hercynia_n mention_v by_o roman_a writer_n julius_n cesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n say_v that_o this_o wood_n be_v at_o least_o nine_o day_n journey_n in_o breadth_n and_o of_o a_o unaccountable_a length_n several_a man_n he_o tell_v we_o have_v travel_v forty_o day_n together_o straight_o forward_a in_o it_o but_o that_o no_o man_n dare_v ever_o yet_o boast_v that_o he_o have_v see_v both_o end_n of_o it_o the_o german_a word_n hartz_n out_o of_o which_o without_o all_o question_n the_o latin_n form_v their_o hercynia_n signify_v proper_o rosin_n or_o pitch_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o liquor_n distil_v out_o of_o the_o pine_n and_o fir-tree_n the_o only_a timber_n wherewith_o this_o forest_n abound_v since_o the_o empire_n begin_v to_o be_v cultivate_v and_o the_o inhabitant_n understand_v the_o advantage_n of_o unite_n themselves_o into_o city_n and_o corporation_n the_o hercynian_a wood_n have_v in_o many_o place_n be_v convert_v into_o great_a town_n and_o large_a cornfield_n but_o yet_o pass_v over_o these_o it_o be_v still_o easy_a to_o tract_n it_o
and_o sheep_n as_o the_o forest_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o venison_n the_o mountain_n indeed_o be_v not_o so_o rich_a in_o silver_n as_o some_o in_o the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n and_o county_n of_o stolberg_n but_o this_o defect_n be_v supply_v by_o the_o abundance_n of_o iron_n over_o which_o be_v almost_o peculiar_a to_o this_o province_n the_o four_o chief_a river_n in_o this_o country_n 1._o die_v kalte_n bode_n 2._o die_v warm_a bode_n 3._o die_v rapbode_n 4._o die_v lubbode_n have_v their_o name_n as_o luther_n in_o his_o onomasticon_fw-la tell_v we_o from_o one_o bodo_n bode_n or_o vode_n a_o prince_n of_o these_o part_n for_o the_o ancient_a german_n have_v a_o peculiar_a fancy_n of_o eternize_n their_o name_n by_o bestow_v they_o upon_o the_o most_o notable_a river_n in_o their_o country_n which_o they_o know_v will_v outlast_v the_o strong_a fort_n and_o castle_n they_o can_v build_v the_o high_a mountain_n in_o these_o part_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d perhaps_o in_o germany_n be_v der_fw-mi brocken_n blockberg_n or_o brocksberg_n call_v by_o latin_a author_n melibocus_n and_o bructerus_n bructerus_n hercyniae_fw-la montes_fw-la supereminet_fw-la omnes_fw-la and_o indeed_o it_o may_v well_o be_v call_v the_o tall_a mountain_n not_o only_o in_o the_o hercynian_a wood_n but_o in_o all_o europe_n if_o what_o some_o of_o the_o high_a dutch_a geographer_n relate_v of_o it_o be_v true_a for_o they_o endeavour_v to_o persuade_v we_o that_o the_o top_n of_o it_o come_v near_o the_o uppermost_a region_n of_o the_o air_n in_o which_o they_o have_v questionless_a place_v it_o have_v not_o their_o philosopher_n acquaint_v they_o that_o ice_n and_o snow_n wherewith_o they_o observe_v the_o top_n of_o this_o and_o the_o adjoin_a mountain_n almost_o continual_o cover_v be_v product_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n they_o tell_v we_o further_o that_o from_o hence_o in_o a_o clear_a day_n may_v be_v discern_v not_o only_o the_o city_n of_o brunswic_n magdeburg_n luneburg_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o german_a ocean_n and_o baltic_n sea_n which_o be_v a_o story_n just_a as_o credible_a as_o what_o some_o of_o our_o northern_a rustic_n will_v not_o stick_v to_o affirm_v that_o from_o the_o top_n of_o some_o of_o our_o high_a mountain_n on_o the_o outmost_a border_n of_o england_n a_o view_n may_v be_v take_v of_o all_o the_o sea_n round_o the_o isle_n of_o great_a britain_n among_o the_o many_o wonder_n of_o nature_n hole_n buman_n hole_n wherewith_o this_o county_n abound_v the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v a_o great_a cave_n betwixt_o blackenburg_n and_o elbingerode_n call_v by_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o its_o first_o discoverer_n buman_n hole_n the_o mouth_n of_o this_o cave_n be_v so_o narrow_a that_o a_o man_n be_v force_v to_o creep_v in_o at_o it_o but_o soon_o after_o your_o entrance_n you_o pass_v through_o a_o dark_a and_o dismal_a gallery_n as_o high_a as_o the_o stately_a house_n no_o man_n can_v ever_o yet_o affirm_v that_o he_o meet_v with_o 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last_o have_v first_o put_v a_o halter_n about_o his_o neck_n grant_v he_o a_o reprieve_n many_o other_o that_o have_v have_v the_o curiosity_n to_o view_v the_o inside_n of_o this_o strange_a cave_n pretend_v to_o meet_v with_o the_o like_a fairy_n but_o withal_o affirm_v they_o to_o be_v better_a company_n than_o they_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o poor_a cow-herd_n in_o this_o cave_n be_v often_o find_v a_o great_a many_o large_a bone_n of_o strange_a creature_n some_o whereof_z be_v keep_v as_o rarity_n by_o the_o neighbour_a gentleman_n and_o not_o many_o year_n ago_o the_o skeleton_n of_o a_o man_n of_o a_o prodigious_a bulk_n be_v bring_v out_o among_o other_o rarity_n of_o the_o like_a sort_n near_o the_o old_a monastery_n of_o michaelstein_n monkcrag_n monkcrag_n not_o far_o from_o blackenburg_n two_o huge_a craggy_a rock_n be_v to_o be_v see_v confront_v each_o other_o which_o natural_o but_o as_o exact_o as_o if_o cut_v by_o the_o most_o curious_a workman_n represent_v two_o monk_n in_o their_o proper_a habit_n the_o one_o of_o these_o be_v still_o and_o have_v be_v possible_o ever_o since_o the_o first_o plant_n of_o christianity_n in_o these_o part_n call_v hans_n much_o and_o the_o other_o henning_n munch_n but_o not_o to_o continue_v too_o long_o on_o this_o subject_n fort_n old_a fort_n the_o work_n of_o art_n in_o many_o place_n of_o this_o county_n be_v as_o admirable_a as_o the_o forementioned_a extravagancy_n of_o nature_n for_o you_o shall_v scarce_o observe_v any_o high_a cragged_a hill_n in_o the_o whole_a province_n but_o on_o the_o top_n thereof_o may_v still_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a fort._n it_o be_v admirable_a to_o behold_v so_o many_o strong_a castle_n hew_v out_o of_o such_o high_a and_o inaccessible_a rock_n as_o most_o of_o these_o be_v and_o no_o casie_a matter_n to_o guess_v what_o shall_v be_v the_o design_n of_o these_o bulwark_n in_o so_o barren_a and_o desert_a a_o place_n as_o the_o hercynean_a forest_n of_o all_o these_o the_o duke_n palace_n at_o blaekenburg_n where_o the_o duke_n of_o wulfenbuttel_n usual_o spend_v the_o hunt_a part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v almost_o the_o only_a habitable_a fort_n in_o the_o country_n the_o rest_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o so_o many_o venerable_a monument_n of_o antiquity_n such_o be_v the_o old_a castle_n of_o reinstein_n so_o call_v from_o its_o be_v hew_v out_o of_o one_o entire_a rock_n or_o stone_n heimburg_n hartingow_n gerssdorf_n lawenburg_n homburg_n with_o many_o more_o the_o most_o noteble_a of_o the_o utter_o demolish_a fort_n be_v hartzburg_n hartzburg_n hartzburg_n the_o ruin_n of_o a_o old_a castle_n of_o that_o name_n not_o far_o from_o the_o mountain_n bructerus_n some_o historian_n assert_v that_o this_o fort_n be_v build_v about_o three_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n by_o the_o chauci_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o saxon_a nation_n who_o in_o those_o day_n inhabit_v these_o country_n add_v further_o that_o these_o same_o chauci_n erect_v in_o this_o place_n a_o temple_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o saturn_n from_o who_o the_o castle_n be_v in_o those_o day_n name_v saturburg_n this_o satur_n or_o crodo_n for_o that_o name_n also_o be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o german_a antiquary_n be_v represent_v by_o the_o image_n of_o a_o old_a man_n stand_v barefoot_a on_o the_o prickle_a back_n of_o a_o ruff_n to_o denote_v say_v pomarius_n the_o security_n of_o his_o adorer_n in_o the_o most_o difficult_a undertake_n in_o his_o right_a hand_n he_o hold_v a_o bucker_n of_o water_n strew_v over_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o flower_n and_o fruit_n thereby_o promise_v to_o send_v rain_n on_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o production_n of_o such_o flower_n and_o fruit_n in_o his_o left_a hand_n he_o carry_v a_o wheel_n the_o emblem_n of_o that_o unity_n and_o concord_n which_o all_o his_o worshipper_n be_v thereby_o advise_v to_o embrace_v mechtilde_v daughter_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n surname_v the_o fowler_n write_v the_o whole_a history_n of_o this_o idol_n in_o a_o rich_a silken_a coat_n of_o needlework_n which_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n be_v take_v by_o the_o swedish_n general_n bannier_n out_o of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n at_o goslar_n and_o carry_v into_o sweden_n upon_o the_o conversion_n of_o wittekind_n and_o his_o saxon_n to_o the_o christian_a faith_n this_o idol_n and_o its_o temple_n be_v both_o destroy_v together_o by_o the_o express_a command_n of_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a who_o change_v the_o name_n of_o the_o place_n into_o hartzburg_n because_o situate_v in_o the_o hercynian_a wood._n in_o the_o day_n of_o duke_n julius_n a_o salt-well_a be_v discover_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o hill_n which_o occasion_v the_o build_n of_o a_o small_a town_n for_o workman_n call_v to_o this_o day_n julius-halle_n which_o be_v since_o by_o
the_o great_a trade_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n in_o salt_n copper_n kettles_n pot_n wire_n etc._n etc._n considerable_o enrich_v and_o augment_v though_o the_o imperial_a city_n goslar_n be_v whole_o independent_a upon_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o therefore_o can_v proper_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o city_n and_o great_a town_n subject_a to_o those_o prince_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v situate_a in_o this_o country_n and_o whole_o environ_v with_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o in_o this_o place_n to_o give_v the_o reader_n some_o short_a account_n of_o it_o this_o city_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v found_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n i._o and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o river_n goose_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v here_o the_o emperor_n build_v himself_o a_o palace_n in_o which_o he_o be_v wont_a to_o keep_v his_o usual_a residence_n this_o palace_n say_v the_o high_a dutch_a antiquary_n be_v proper_o name_v goslar_n which_o name_n afterward_o communicate_v to_o the_o town_n build_v round_o about_o it_o for_o the_o termination_n lar_n laer_fw-mi lager_n signify_v no_o more_o say_v they_o than_o a_o dwell_a house_n and_o consequent_o goslar_n must_v denote_v such_o a_o single_a apartment_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n goose_n the_o citizen_n of_o goslar_n enjoy_v as_o many_o and_o large_a privilege_n almost_o as_o any_o other_o immediate_a subject_n of_o the_o emperor_n in_o all_o imperial_a writ_n and_o letter_n direct_v to_o they_o they_o be_v style_v nobile_fw-la membrum_fw-la imperii_fw-la and_o they_o be_v exempt_a from_o pay_v toll_n in_o any_o market_n in_o the_o empire_n except_o three_o all_o the_o house_n in_o this_o city_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o glitter_a kind_n of_o slat_n which_o be_v a_o great_a ornament_n to_o the_o town_n but_o enough_o on_o a_o clear_a day_n to_o dazzle_v the_o eye_n of_o a_o traveller_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v all_o miner_n and_o the_o only_a trade_n of_o the_o town_n be_v in_o dig_v cleanse_v temper_v and_o vend_v all_o manner_n of_o metal_n except_o gold_n and_o a_o great_a many_o sort_n of_o choice_a mineral_n of_o the_o country_n such_o as_o vitriol_n brimtone_n quicksilver_n copperas_n etc._n etc._n episcopatus_n hildesiensis_fw-la descriptio_fw-la novissima_fw-la authore_fw-la joanne_n gigante_n d._n med._n et_fw-fr math._n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanun_n swart_a avita_n fide_fw-la the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n whence_o the_o city_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o bishopric_n come_v to_o be_v so_o call_v be_v not_o unanimous_o agree_v on_o by_o their_o own_o etymologist_n some_o of_o they_o read_v the_o word_n bildesheim_n and_o fetch_v its_o original_n from_o the_o virgin_n mary_n picture_n in_o their_o language_n belde_n with_o some_o other_o relic_n which_o they_o tell_v we_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a at_o the_o first_o foundation_n of_o this_o diocese_n have_v hang_v upon_o a_o tree_n near_o this_o place_n and_o return_v can_v not_o pull_v they_o off_o again_o other_o will_v have_v we_o believe_v that_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n be_v hildeschnee_n i.e._n the_o lord_n snow_n and_o that_o it_o be_v so_o call_v from_o a_o great_a snow_n which_o fall_v the_o night_n that_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n lodge_v in_o this_o place_n cover_v all_o the_o earth_n for_o some_o mile_n round_o a_o foot_n deep_a except_v only_o the_o place_n where_o the_o cathedral_n now_o stand_v which_o remain_v dry_a and_o untouched_a but_o these_o and_o the_o like_a story_n be_v only_o to_o be_v look_v on_o as_o scrap_n of_o old_a legend_n and_o the_o ridiculous_a and_o idle_a fancy_n of_o illiterate_a monk_n it_o be_v much_o more_o likely_a what_o some_o historian_n of_o note_n have_v record_v that_o the_o say_a emperor_n name_v this_o city_n after_o his_o mother_n hildegard_n for_o hilda_n or_o hille_n in_o the_o dialect_n of_o the_o low_a saxon_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o abbreviation_n of_o hildegard_n as_o well_o as_o saunder_n of_o alexander_n fritze_n of_o frideric_n metta_n of_o mechtildis_n ilse_n of_o elizabeth_n etc._n etc._n and_o instead_o of_o hildesheim_n in_o the_o language_n of_o the_o neighbour_a gentry_n the_o rustic_n say_v hillsem_n when_o gunther_n a_o poor_a priest_n of_o eltze_n be_v first_o advance_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 822_o this_o diocese_n be_v but_o of_o a_o small_a extent_n but_o in_o after_o age_n the_o county_n of_o wintzenburg_n schladen_n poppenburg_n peine_fw-fr woldenberg_n hundsrucken_v and_o lewenstein_n be_v annex_v to_o it_o the_o last_o be_v now_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n as_o the_o whole_a bishopric_n may_v probable_o be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n for_o although_o the_o citixen_n at_o present_a as_o well_o as_o the_o dean_n and_o chapter_n of_o their_o church_n pay_v homage_n to_o maximilian-henry_n government_n government_n elector_n of_o collen_n as_o their_o bishop_n yet_o the_o last_o duke_n of_o hannover_n quarter_v his_o great_a army_n during_o the_o late_a broil_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o the_o empire_n in_o this_o diocese_n without_o the_o leave_n and_o doubtless_o against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o say_a elector_n and_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o present_a duke_n to_o enter_v upon_o this_o whole_a diocese_n when_o he_o shall_v see_v occasion_n nor_o needs_o he_o be_v at_o a_o loss_n for_o such_o a_o pretence_n in_o so_o do_v we_o know_v into_o what_o strait_n eric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n bring_v john_n iv_o and_o forty-sixth_a bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n in_o the_o year_n 1523_o when_o he_o leave_v he_o only_o the_o bare_a city_n of_o hildesheim_n with_o the_o three_o inconsiderable_a fort_n of_o peyne_n steurwald_n and_o marienborg_n and_o that_o for_o several_a year_n after_o these_o territory_n which_o be_v surround_v with_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v subject_a to_o duke_n eric_n successor_n so_o that_o all_o that_o hinder_v the_o potent_a duke_n ernestus_n from_o re-enter_v upon_o these_o rich_a possession_n of_o some_o of_o his_o ancestor_n be_v either_o his_o exemplary_a fidelity_n in_o a_o strict_a observance_n of_o the_o treaty_n of_o brunswic_n in_o the_o year_n 1653_o wherein_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o this_o diocese_n shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o collen_n as_o administrator_n of_o hildesheim_n or_o else_o we_o must_v ascribe_v the_o reason_n of_o his_o delay_n to_o his_o generous_a temper_n in_o scorn_v to_o take_v advantage_n of_o the_o present_a calamitous_a estate_n of_o the_o say_a elector_n the_o town_n of_o hildesheim_n though_o usual_o divide_v into_o the_o old_a and_o new_a city_n look_v all_o of_o it_o very_o ancient_a and_o venerable_a hildesheim_n hildesheim_n but_o otherwise_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o that_o be_v great_a or_o splendid_a in_o the_o cathedral_n may_v be_v see_v the_o relic_n of_o the_o famous_a saxon_a idol_n irmensewl_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o large_a account_n the_o great_a corn-trade_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o first_o thing_n that_o raise_v the_o burgher_n of_o hildesheim_n to_o that_o pitch_n as_o to_o obtain_v so_o honourable_a a_o place_n in_o the_o catalogue_n of_o hans-town_n and_o it_o be_v the_o same_o sort_n of_o traffic_n which_o still_o maintain_v their_o grandeur_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o burgher_n of_o this_o and_o the_o neighbour_a town_n and_o indeed_o almost_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o diocese_n be_v lutheran_n the_o reformation_n be_v first_o begin_v upon_o a_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o citizen_n and_o canon_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o year_n 1552_o whereupon_o the_o former_a call_v in_o john_n bugenhagen_n ant._n corvin_n and_o henry_n winkel_n three_o lutheran_n preacher_n who_o in_o a_o short_a time_n draw_v after_o they_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o town_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o brunswic_n abovementioned_a it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n shall_v not_o be_v open_o teach_v or_o profess_v in_o this_o bishopric_n beyond_o such_o a_o set_a number_n of_o year_n but_o that_o article_n be_v repeal_v and_o make_v invalid_a by_o a_o clause_n in_o the_o general_a treaty_n of_o westphalia_n 648._o the_o best_a catalogue_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n which_o can_v be_v pick_v out_o of_o the_o many_o different_a some_o imperfect_a and_o most_o false_a account_v give_v of_o they_o by_o the_o german_a historian_n be_v as_o follow_v elshop_n elshop_n 1._o gunther_n founder_n of_o the_o cathedral_n and_o st._n cecil_n church_n he_o die_v a._n d._n 835._o 2._o frembert_n who_o live_v but_o a_o few_o month_n after_o his_o instalment_n 3_o ebc_n a_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v suspend_v from_o the_o
archbishopric_n of_o rheims_n fie_v to_o ansgar_a archbishop_n of_o hamburg_n by_o who_o he_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n he_o govern_v the_o church_n twelve_o year_n 4._o alfred_n founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n of_o asvelde_n and_o seligensted_n he_o be_v bishop_n eighteen_o year_n 5._o marquard_n slay_v by_o the_o norman_n and_o dane_n a._n d._n 880._o who_o in_o his_o day_n overrun_v saxony_n westphalia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o netherlands_o 6._o wigbert_n a_o better_a physician_n than_o divine_a who_o leave_v no_o monument_n behind_o he_o but_o a_o small_a book_n of_o medicinal_a receipt_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 884._o 7._o walbert_n of_o who_o little_o more_o be_v record_v then_o that_o he_o be_v bishop_n and_o die_v a._n d._n 903._o 8._o sehard_n who_o be_v two_o and_o twenty_o year_n bishop_n 9_o deuthard_n he_o give_v the_o communion-table_n of_o gold_n still_o keep_v in_o the_o cathedral_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 936._o 10._o ochwin_n abbot_n of_o perge_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v present_v to_o this_o church_n as_o a_o holy_a relic_n the_o body_n of_o epiphanius_n he_o govern_v 28_o year_n 11._o osdach_n 12._o gerhard_n who_o annex_v the_o two_o village_n of_o algermissen_n and_o silbrechthusen_v to_o the_o diocese_n 13._o bernhard_n count_n of_o sommerschenburg_n founder_n of_o st._n michael_n monastery_n 14._o gothard_n founder_n of_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n and_o monastery_n 15._o dithmar_n 16._o aziline_n or_o anselm_n 17._o heziline_n who_o some_o historian_n call_v echilo_n other_o hezel_n or_o wezel_n 18._o vdo_fw-la 19_o bruning_n 20._o berthold_n 21._o bernhard_n count_n of_o rotenburg_n founder_n of_o st._n gotthard_n monastery_n in_o remembrance_n of_o his_o predecessor_n of_o that_o name_n he_o annex_v the_o county_n of_o wintzenburg_n to_o this_o bishopric_n 22._o bruno_n 23._o herman_n 24._o adelgad_a 25._o berno_n 26._o conrade_n i._n 27._o heribert_n 28._o sigefride_n 29._o conrade_n ii_o founder_n of_o six_o monastery_n and_o nunnery_n whereof_o three_o be_v build_v in_o hildesheim_n and_o the_o rest_n at_o franckberg_n near_o goslar_n wulfinghausen_n and_o wintzhausen_n 30._o henry_n 31._o john_n who_o annex_v to_o his_o bishopric_n the_o county_n and_o city_n of_o peine_fw-fr 32._o otto_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lune_fw-fr burg_v who_o throw_v the_o count_n of_o woldenberg_n out_o or_o their_o estate_n annex_v they_o to_o his_o own_o diocese_n 33._o sigefride_n count_n of_o quernford_n founder_n of_o the_o city_n of_o gruncw_n and_o a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o sarstede_n and_o levenburg_n 34._o henry_n duke_n of_o waldenberge_n who_o enlarge_v the_o diocese_n with_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o county_n of_o damsel_n 35._o otto_n ii_o by_o who_o be_v add_v bockelem_n latter_a barenberg_n and_o the_o county_n of_o pfaffenburg_n now_o poppenburg_n to_o the_o bishopric_n 36._o henry_n the_o three_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o give_v to_o the_o diocese_n the_o county_n of_o schladen_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o widenlage_n and_o woldenstein_n 37._o john_n schadeband_n 38._o gerhard_n baron_n of_o berge_n near_o minden_n of_o who_o buntingus_n report_v that_o he_o cover_v the_o tower_n of_o the_o cathedral_n at_o hildesheim_n with_o beat_a gold_n instead_o of_o lead_n 39_o john_n the_o three_o earl_n of_o hoya_n 40._o magnus_n duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a who_o give_v the_o town_n of_o grune_n and_o hamelen_n with_o the_o county_n of_o homburg_n 41._o bernhard_n duke_n of_o luneburg_n 42._o ernest_n count_n of_o schavenburg_n 43._o henning_n 44._o barthold_n 45._o eric_n duke_n of_o saxon-lawenburg_a 46._o john_n brother_n to_o his_o predecessor_n eric_n this_o bishop_n lose_v more_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n then_o all_o his_o predecessor_n have_v bestow_v on_o the_o bishopric_n 47._o balthasar_z merklin_n a_o doctor_n of_o law_n and_o deputy-chancellor_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n v._n 48._o otto_n iii_o count_n of_o schowenburg_n 49._o valentine_n von_fw-mi thereleben_n a_o doctor_n of_o the_o canon_n law_n who_o sue_v the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n in_o the_o emperor_n court_n and_o recover_v back_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o lose_a bishopric_n 50._o frideric_n duke_n of_o holstein_n 51._o burchard_n some_o say_v nicolas_n von_n oberg_n 52._o ernest_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n 53._o ferdinand_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n archbishop_n and_o elector_n of_o collen_n 54._o maximilian-henry_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o collen_n and_o bishop_n of_o hildesheim_n bear_v duke_n of_o bavaria_n the_o eight_o day_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o other_o town_n and_o place_n of_o note_n in_o the_o diocese_n of_o hildesheim_n be_v 1._o peina_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o small_a city_n on_o the_o river_n fuse_n about_o twelve_o english_a mile_n from_o brunswic_n the_o town_n itself_o stand_v in_o a_o plain_a but_o the_o castle_n mention_v by_o latin_a author_n under_o the_o name_n of_o castrum_n poynum_n and_o represent_v as_o the_o chief_a bulwark_n of_o this_o bishopric_n be_v mount_v on_o a_o hill_n not_o far_o from_o peina_n be_v fight_v a_o famous_a battle_n in_o the_o year_n 1553_o betwixt_o maurice_n elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o albrecht_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n wherein_o the_o latter_a be_v conqueror_n and_o the_o former_a slay_v 2._o marienborg_n a_o fort_n not_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o hildesheim_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o innerste_fw-mi it_o be_v first_o build_v by_o bishop_n henry_n iii_o when_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n by_o the_o too_o powerful_a duke_n of_o brunswic_n 3._o poppenburg_n 4._o dassel_n 5._o bokenem_fw-la 6._o woldenburg_n with_o some_o other_o all_o of_o they_o chief_a town_n in_o so_o many_o county_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o of_o little_a other_o consequence_n episcopatus_n halberstadensis_fw-la descriptio_fw-la nova_fw-la exit_fw-la officina_fw-la jâ—â—â—sonis-waesbergione_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n 〈◊〉_d stephan_n swart_a the_o principality_n of_o halberstad_n irenicus_n be_v opinion_n that_o the_o city_n of_o halberstad_n which_o give_v name_n to_o this_o principapality_n be_v the_o same_o place_n with_o the_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d mention_v by_o ptolemy_n this_o conjecture_n though_o never_o confirm_v by_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o reason_n be_v embrace_v by_o appian_n a_o author_n not_o much_o give_v to_o mistake_n but_o whence_o it_o get_v the_o new_a name_n of_o halberstadt_n be_v not_o agree_v on_o bertius_fw-la a_o learned_a geographer_n but_o one_o that_o in_o this_o particular_a rely_v too_o much_o upon_o the_o authority_n of_o bruschius_n and_o schopper_n derive_v the_o word_n from_o a_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o rivers_n elb_n and_o ora_n neither_o of_o which_o come_v near_o this_o city_n dresser_n read_v the_o word_n albertistatt_fw-mi and_o werdenhagen_n with_o the_o most_o probability_n on_o his_o side_n guess_v from_o the_o imperfect_a foundation_n of_o as_o much_o build_n as_o be_v now_o stand_v still_o to_o be_v see_v on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o town_n and_o be_v never_o finish_v that_o its_o name_n be_v right_o at_o first_o give_v it_o halbe-statt_a or_o half_o a_o city_n this_o principality_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o fruitful_a in_o corn_n as_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour-province_n and_o excel_v the_o most_o of_o they_o for_o pleasant_a forest_n and_o plenty_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n the_o large_a park_n in_o it_o be_v the_o hackel_n lie_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o country_n and_z giving_z name_n to_o the_o ancient_a barony_n of_o hackelborn_n in_o that_o neighbourhood_n on_o the_o north-west_n there_o be_v nothing_o but_o fenny_a bog_n and_o marsh_n for_o some_o mile_n over_o which_o they_o have_v dam_n throw_v up_o and_o upon_o they_o highway_n lead_v to_o helmstadt_n brunswic_n etc._n etc._n the_o bishopric_n halberstadt_n which_o be_v only_o turn_v into_o a_o principality_n by_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n in_o the_o year_n 1648._o be_v first_o found_v by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a at_o salingstatt_n call_v afterward_o ostrowick_n in_o the_o year_n 780._o but_o soon_o after_o with_o permission_n of_o the_o same_o emperor_n be_v remove_v to_o this_o place_n by_o its_o first_o bishop_n hildegrine_n who_o be_v succeed_v in_o his_o diocese_n by_o the_o follow_a prelate_n 2._o dietgrine_n 3._o haymo_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 827_o leave_v behind_o he_o large_a commentary_n on_o the_o prophet_n and_o apostle_n some_o whereof_z be_v still_o extant_a 4._o hildegrine_n the_o second_o 5._o evelp_v 6._o sigismond_n monk_n of_o hirsaug_n 7._o bernhard_n burggrave_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o monastery_n at_o hadmersheim_n 8._o hildeward_n count_n of_o warlow_n 9_o arnold_n 10._o brantho_n 11._o burcard_n count_n of_o woburg_n bernard_n bucho_n 13._o dietmar_n 14._o harrand_v who_o some_o author_n call_v stephen_n 15._o reinhard_n who_o fight_v against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o five_o in_o the_o wood_n of_o welpho_n and_o rout_v his_o
of_o residence_n of_o the_o count_n regent_n be_v eisleben_n which_o have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o eysenach_n eissfeld_n eysenberg_n and_o other_o neighbour_a town_n from_o the_o abundance_n of_o iron-ore_n which_o the_o native_n call_v eysen_v find_v in_o these_o part_n and_o not_o from_o the_o egyptian_a goddess_n isis_n who_o as_o some_o legendary_a historian_n tell_v we_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o her_o husband_n osiris_n be_v in_o a_o melancholy_a humour_n wander_v into_o this_o country_n and_o give_v she_o own_o name_n to_o several_a of_o the_o town_n in_o which_o she_o sojourn_v the_o most_o notable_a thing_n which_o the_o german_a historian_n have_v record_v of_o this_o city_n be_v that_o their_o megalander_n martin_n luther_n be_v bear_v in_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1483_o and_o here_o end_v his_o day_n in_o the_o year_n 1564._o over_o the_o door_n of_o the_o house_n wherein_o he_o be_v bear_v the_o citizen_n take_v care_n to_o set_v up_o his_o picture_n in_o stone_n with_o this_o inscription_n hostess_fw-la eram_fw-la papae_fw-la sociorum_fw-la pestis_fw-la &_o huius_fw-la vox_fw-la mea_fw-la cum_fw-la scriptis_fw-la nil_fw-la nisi_fw-la christus_fw-la erat_fw-la john_n forster_n a_o professor_n of_o divinity_n at_o wittenberg_n and_o superintendant_n of_o the_o church_n at_o eisleben_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a fire_n in_o this_o city_n in_o the_o year_n 1601_o wherein_o the_o count_n palace_n and_o 250_o citizens-house_n perish_v but_o yet_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o church_n wherein_o this_o bless_a saint_n luther_n as_o he_o call_v he_o be_v christen_v the_o house_n wherein_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o another_o in_o which_o he_o die_v be_v save_v from_o the_o flame_n though_o all_o about_o they_o be_v lay_v in_o ash_n but_o however_o this_o great_a man_n sanctity_n though_o able_a it_o seem_v to_o protect_v whole_a house_n from_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o the_o flame_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o secure_v his_o monument_n from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o imperialist_n who_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n break_v down_o his_o image_n and_o deface_v the_o inscription_n above_o mention_v the_o old_a and_o ruinous_a city_n of_o mansfeld_n which_o give_v name_n to_o the_o county_n lie_v about_o five_o english_a mile_n from_o eisleben_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o strong_a castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o a_o high_a hill_n which_o for_o many_o year_n have_v lay_v desolate_a but_o be_v repair_v and_o fortify_v in_o the_o year_n 1547._o wippra_fw-la arnstein_n quernfurt_n with_o some_o other_o be_v remarkable_a for_o nothing_o else_o but_o give_v name_n to_o so_o many_o petty_a county_n into_o which_o the_o the_o whole_a county_n of_o mansfeld_n to_o provide_v title_n for_o its_o many_o earl_n be_v usual_o divide_v saxonia_n superior_a apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a the_o upper_a of_o saxony_n although_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o every_o historian_n that_o treat_v of_o the_o affair_n of_o germany_n to_o make_v frequent_a mention_n of_o the_o saxon_n yet_o in_o such_o different_a sense_n be_v that_o word_n use_v by_o they_o that_o we_o shall_v scarce_o meet_v with_o two_o of_o they_o that_o mean_v the_o same_o thing_n by_o saxony_n now_o the_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o disagreement_n be_v to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o uncertain_a bound_n and_o limit_n of_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o ancient_a and_o warlike_a people_n and_o the_o division_n of_o their_o land_n into_o so_o many_o petty_a tribe_n and_o province_n who_o be_v all_o ambitious_a of_o appropriate_v the_o name_n of_o saxon_n to_o themselves_o albinus_n say_v the_o ancient_a limit_n of_o saxony_n be_v on_o the_o east_n the_o elb_n on_o the_o west_n the_o embs_n on_o the_o south_n bohemia_n and_o franconia_n and_o on_o the_o south_n bohemia_n and_o franconia_n and_o on_o the_o north_n denmark_n but_o ptolomey_n confine_v that_o nation_n within_o much_o narrow_a bound_n henry_n the_o lion_n territory_n reach_v from_o the_o elb_n to_o the_o rhine_n and_o from_o the_o baltic_a down_o as_o far_o as_o the_o utmost_a bound_n of_o the_o hercynian_a wood._n this_o whole_a tract_n be_v more_o immediate_o divide_v into_o the_o low_a and_o upper_a saxony_n of_o the_o former_a whereof_o we_o have_v already_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o account_n under_o the_o name_n of_o the_o late_a be_v sometime_o comprehend_v beside_o the_o dukedom_n of_o saxony_n or_o chur-sachsen_a as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n voitlandia_n thuringen_n the_o whole_a hercynian_a forest_n the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n with_o some_o more_o of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n but_o in_o this_o place_n we_o only_o understand_v the_o upper_a saxony_n strict_o so_o call_v or_o that_o small_a province_n which_o give_v the_o elector_n the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o saxony_n which_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o low_a lusatia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o principality_n of_o anhalt_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o county_n of_o mansfeld_n and_o landgraviate_v of_o thuringen_n and_o on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o misnia_n this_o small_a province_n come_v to_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o saxony_n upon_o this_o occasion_n when_o the_o overgrow_a power_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n be_v grow_v so_o formidable_a as_o to_o oblige_v the_o emperor_n to_o depose_v he_o and_o to_o divide_v his_o territory_n among_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n many_o of_o who_o by_o their_o good_a service_n have_v deserve_v large_a recompense_n at_o his_o hand_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v the_o only_a dominion_n continue_v to_o the_o posterity_n of_o the_o depose_a prince_n the_o low_a part_n of_o westphalia_n be_v seize_v on_o by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o coln_n and_o another_o part_n of_o it_o above_o the_o weser_n fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o paderbourn_n and_o a_o three_o be_v give_v to_o herman_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n the_o prince_n of_o anhalt_n and_o count_n of_o mansfeld_n be_v make_v master_n of_o another_o portion_n of_o this_o large_a dukedom_n and_o several_a of_o the_o hans-town_n be_v make_v imperial_a and_o subject_v to_o a_o government_n of_o their_o own_o by_o this_o mean_n there_o be_v nothing_o leave_v to_o be_v settle_v upon_o bernhard_n prince_n of_o anhalt_n who_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n have_v create_v duke_n elector_n in_o the_o room_n of_o henry_n the_o lion_n but_o the_o territory_n betwixt_o the_o sala_n and_o the_o elb_n and_o some_o of_o that_o too_o as_o the_o city_n of_o wittenberg_n be_v before_o assign_v he_o by_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n the_o three_o however_o it_o be_v order_v that_o these_o narrow_a dominion_n shall_v have_v the_o name_n of_o ober-sax_n or_o the_o upper_a saxony_n give_v they_o and_o that_o wittenberg_n shall_v from_o thence_o forward_o be_v the_o electoral_a city_n the_o county_n be_v tolerable_o well_o provide_v for_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o grain_n soil_n soil_n but_o come_v far_o short_a of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n misnia_n and_o thuringen_n though_o the_o hill_n here_o afford_v some_o mine_n of_o silver_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o metal_n yet_o the_o country_n will_v scarce_o yield_v so_o much_o wood_n as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cleanse_v and_o purify_v it_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n be_v still_o strict_a observer_n of_o the_o ancient_a municipal_a law_n of_o their_o heathen_a ancestor_n law_n law_n which_o be_v look_v upon_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a as_o so_o agreeable_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o right_a reason_n that_o he_o see_v no_o necessity_n of_o abrogate_a these_o upon_o his_o introduce_v of_o christianity_n and_o the_o observation_n of_o gospel_n precept_n the_o choice_a of_o these_o old_a statute_n be_v collect_v into_o two_o body_n or_o digest_v whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v der_n sachsen-spiegel_n or_o speculum_fw-la saxonicum_fw-la the_o other_o which_o be_v only_o a_o abstract_n of_o the_o former_a das_fw-la sachsische_n weichbild_n the_o sachsen-spiegel_n be_v at_o first_o like_o justinian_n institutes_n collect_v by_o a_o german_a nobleman_n eke_o von_fw-mi repkau_n out_o of_o a_o great_a many_o old_a record_n and_o law_n publish_v in_o the_o day_n of_o superstition_n and_o idolatry_n it_o contain_v in_o it_o three_o book_n whereof_o the_o first_o consist_v of_o 71_o article_n the_o second_o of_o 72_o and_o the_o three_o of_o 91._o this_o with_o a_o glossary_a annex_v explain_v all_o the_o difficult_a and_o antiquate_a law-term_n in_o it_o be_v first_o publish_v by_o one_o burchard_n lord_n of_o mangelfeld_n but_o a_o more_o accurate_a edition_n be_v afterward_o set_v out_o in_o print_n by_o c._n zobelius_n at_o leipsick_a in_o the_o year_n 1569._o das_fw-ge weichbild_n or_o wickbild_n signify_v proper_o
but_o the_o elector_n palace_n which_o will_v be_v fit_a enough_o to_o entertain_v a_o prince_n if_o it_o stand_v at_o dresden_n or_o any_o such_o pleasant_a part_n of_o misnia_n v._o merseburg_n former_o a_o bishop_n see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d but_o now_o usual_o assign_v as_o a_o portion_n to_o some_o of_o the_o elector_n young_a brother_n be_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n enjoy_v by_o duke_n christian_n young_a brother_n to_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o saxony_n some_o antiquary_n affirm_v that_o in_o this_o place_n stand_v former_o the_o famous_a saxon_a idol_n irmensewl_n of_o which_o the_o reader_n have_v already_o have_v a_o account_n which_o they_o take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o with_o mars_n among_o the_o roman_n and_o thence_o conclude_v the_o true_a etymology_n of_o the_o word_n to_o be_v marsburg_n or_o the_o city_n of_o the_o god_n mars_n the_o town_n at_o present_a consist_v of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o old_a fashion_a and_o ruinous_a house_n among_o which_o there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n worth_a the_o take_a notice_n of_o save_o the_o cathedral_n near_o this_o church_n they_o have_v a_o library_n wherein_o be_v a_o great_a company_n of_o venerable_a manuscript_n but_o very_o ill_o keep_v among_o which_o i_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o book_n of_o sammuel_n and_o the_o king_n in_o latin_a write_v in_o a_o fair_a and_o ancient_a anglo-saxonic_a character_n torgau_n false_o place_v by_o mercator_n in_o the_o upper_a saxony_n ilenburg_n naumburg_n with_o some_o other_o be_v town_n of_o some_o note_n and_o traffic_v but_o not_o by_o much_o so_o considerable_a as_o those_o already_o describe_v lusatia_n superior_n auth._n bartholomeo_n sculteto_n gorlitio_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n munitum_fw-la oppidum_n arx_n monasterium_fw-la pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la officina_fw-la ferri_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o lusatia_n lusatia_n or_o laussnitz_n as_o the_o german_n call_v it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o misnia_n and_o saxony_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o low_a silesia_n not_o many_o year_n since_o this_o province_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n and_o be_v usual_o describe_v as_o such_o by_o most_o geographer_n but_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1620_o the_o lusatian_o have_v join_v themselves_o in_o a_o open_a rebellion_n with_o other_o confederate_a traitor_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o emperor_n issue_v out_o his_o commission_n to_o john_n george_n elector_n of_o saxony_n to_o quell_v these_o revolter_n and_o reduce_v they_o if_o possible_a to_o their_o ancient_a obedience_n this_o he_o do_v effectual_o and_o for_o his_o reward_n and_o encouragement_n to_o proceed_v in_o these_o good_a service_n have_v the_o whole_a province_n pawn_v to_o he_o till_o further_a satisfaction_n shall_v be_v make_v at_o last_o by_o the_o treaty_n of_o prague_n in_o the_o year_n 1635_o the_o emperor_n settle_v this_o marquisate_n upon_o the_o elector_n and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o in_o which_o state_n except_v only_o some_o few_o place_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n it_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n this_o great_a marquisate_n be_v usual_o divide_v into_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a laussnitz_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v sometime_o by_o geographer_n name_v hexapolis_n because_o it_o have_v in_o it_o six_o city_n lobau_n budissin_n camentz_n gorlitz_n lauben_n and_o zittau_n all_o confederate_a in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n the_o city_n subject_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxovy_n be_v lubben_n on_o the_o spree_n guben_n lucken_n and_o calow_n the_o rest_n as_o cotbus_n peytze_n sommerfeld_n with_o some_o other_o of_o less_o note_n pay_v homage_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n we_o can_v much_o commend_v this_o country_n for_o its_o fruitfulness_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v a_o dry_a sandy_a and_o barren_a soil_n and_o the_o rest_n make_v up_o of_o fen_n and_o bog_n however_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v a_o hard_a shift_n to_o grow_v so_o much_o corn_n as_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o relief_n though_o they_o never_o have_v so_o great_a plenty_n as_o to_o be_v able_a to_o export_v any_o of_o it_o into_o foreign_a country_n they_o have_v no_o want_n of_o wood._n venison_n nor_o fish_n nay_o they_o have_v such_o plenty_n of_o these_o commodity_n as_o be_v sufficient_a have_v they_o the_o convenience_n of_o traffic_v with_o other_o nation_n to_o enrich_v the_o country_n and_o bring_v in_o all_o the_o rarity_n of_o other_o place_n the_o two_o chief_a river_n of_o the_o country_n be_v the_o spree_n and_o neiâ—â—e_n rivers_n rivers_n both_o of_o they_o exceed_o well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a fish_n the_o eelster_n too_o spring_v in_o this_o marquisate_n but_o be_v a_o rivulet_n of_o no_o consequence_n till_o it_o have_v pass_v through_o some_o part_n of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n it_o appear_v inhabitant_n inhabitant_n from_o the_o mixture_n of_o a_o abundance_n of_o wendish_n word_n with_o the_o high_a dutch_a speak_v in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o lusatia_n be_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o slouâ—nian_a nation_n hence_o in_o the_o village_n and_o most_o barbarous_a place_n of_o the_o marquisate_n especial_o in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n you_o meet_v with_o a_o strange_a kind_n of_o unintelligible_a gibberish_n though_o the_o citizen_n every_o where_o speak_v good_a dutch._n some_o of_o these_o people_n geographer_n say_v have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o ilingi_n elysii_n or_o lygii_n other_o from_o the_o semnâ—nes_n a_o three_o sort_n from_o the_o scrabi_fw-la and_o a_o four_o from_o the_o lusici_n or_o lutitii_n but_o from_o what_o nation_n or_o kindred_n the_o polander_n name_v this_o marquisate_n ditivonia_n as_o cromer_n newgebawer_n and_o other_o tell_v not_o yet_o learn_v the_o modern_a lusatian_o be_v think_v to_o be_v man_n of_o as_o apprehensive_a and_o quick_a natural_a part_n as_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n but_o exceed_o addict_v to_o covetousness_n and_o penury_n their_o country_n breed_v neither_o horse_n nor_o horseman_n but_o if_o we_o believe_v joh._n boter_n in_o the_o account_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o the_o military_a power_n of_o all_o the_o great_a prince_n and_o potentate_n of_o the_o world_n they_o be_v able_a upon_o a_o very_a short_a warning_n to_o raise_v twenty-thousand_a hardy_a foot_n soldier_n who_o will_v endure_v a_o shock_n better_o than_o twice_o that_o number_n of_o delicate_a and_o well-bred_a western_a warrior_n they_o be_v in_o all_o case_n civil_a and_o criminal_a strict_a observer_n of_o the_o saxon_a law_n to_o the_o harsh_a tenure_n of_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o better_a obedience_n than_o ever_o they_o be_v know_v to_o do_v former_o to_o any_o statute_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n the_o chief_a city_n in_o lusatia_n bautzen_n bautzen_n bautzen_n or_o budissina_fw-la seat_v on_o the_o river_n spree_n and_o first_o build_v by_o a_o bohemian_a duke_n of_o this_o name_n about_o the_o year_n 800._o in_o the_o year_n 1634_o this_o city_n be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v by_o the_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n force_n that_o the_o emperor_n soldier_n who_o keep_v the_o town_n be_v force_v to_o fire_v the_o suburb_n for_o fear_v of_o shelter_v the_o enemy_n this_o fire_n be_v unhappy_o drive_v over_o by_o a_o strong_a wind_n into_o the_o city_n and_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n lay_v it_o in_o ash_n in_o this_o miserable_a condition_n have_v nothing_o stand_v but_o the_o wall_n and_o castle_n it_o be_v soon_o after_o surrender_v by_o the_o imperialist_n but_o not_o long_o after_o even_o the_o small_a remainder_n of_o this_o large_a town_n be_v demolish_v by_o some_o of_o the_o swedish_n general_n since_o which_o time_n it_o have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o recover_v its_o glory_n but_o be_v still_o something_o inferior_a to_o ii_o gorlitz_n gorlitz_n gorlitz_n which_o city_n seat_v on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n neisse_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n who_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1139._o other_o say_v it_o be_v found_v by_o duke_n sobieslaus_fw-la about_o the_o year_n 1131._o however_o all_o agree_v in_o this_o that_o after_o its_o first_o foundation_n it_o be_v burn_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o that_o thence_o it_o get_v the_o name_n of_o gorlitz_n which_o in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n as_o well_o as_o brandstat_fw-mi in_o the_o high_a dutch_a a_o name_n give_v it_o by_o most_o germane_a signify_v a_o burn_a city_n for_o gorlitz_n be_v a_o corruption_n of_o tzschorlitz_n the_o ancient_a name_n of_o this_o town_n and_o that_o of_o ischorelik_a there_o be_v at_o present_a several_a neat_a church_n in_o the_o town_n
they_o in_o the_o year_n 1648_o which_o have_v not_o since_o be_v rebuilt_a however_o the_o place_n be_v still_o beautify_v with_o a_o fair_a church_n college_n and_o town-hall_n and_o the_o street_n especial_o the_o marketplace_n which_o be_v in_o a_o exact_a square_n be_v general_o neat_a and_o uniform_a oelsse_a have_v ancient_o its_o own_o duke_n who_o keep_v his_o residence_n in_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n conrade_n the_o eight_o in_o the_o year_n 1492._o the_o dukedom_n be_v give_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o munsterberg_n who_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v lord_n of_o it_o in_o this_o principality_n be_v reckon_v the_o small_a city_n of_o bernstatt_n festenberg_n kunstatt_n stroppen_n mosebahr_n hundsfeld_n and_o trebnitz_n vi_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o breslaw_n breslaw_n or_o wratislavia_n the_o metropolis_n of_o silesia_n have_v its_o name_n from_o wratislaus_n a_o bohemian_a prince_n its_o first_o founder_n whence_o the_o citizen_n bear_v a_o great_a w_n in_o their_o coat_n of_o arm_n to_o this_o day_n it_o be_v seat_v at_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o two_o river_n other_o and_o ohla_n in_o a_o rich_a and_o pleasant_a country_n towards_o the_o north_n indeed_o there_o be_v some_o marsh_n and_o moist_a field_n whence_o be_v now_o and_o then_o some_o unwholesome_a gale_n send_v into_o the_o town_n and_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v build_v in_o the_o place_n of_o a_o great_a pond_n dry_v up_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v exceed_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a traffic_n with_o the_o hungarian_n bohemian_o polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a merchant_n who_o resort_v hither_o be_v say_v to_o be_v as_o neat_a and_o gentile_a in_o their_o clothes_n and_o cookery_n as_o any_o other_o of_o the_o emperor_n subject_n whatever_o breslawer_n love_v to_o be_v esteem_v immediate_a member_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o can_v endure_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o they_o have_v obtain_v leave_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o bear_v the_o spread_a eagle_n in_o their_o escutcheon_n and_o that_o they_o petition_v charles_n v._o to_o confirm_v their_o privilege_n for_o this_o reason_n m._n boregius_n a_o breslaw_a who_o write_v a_o chronicle_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n rank_n breslaw_n among_o the_o imperial_a city_n but_o never_o mention_v it_o with_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n town_n although_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o it_o be_v former_o subject_n to_o that_o prince_n this_o goldastus_n in_o his_o learned_a treatise_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bchemia_n evident_o prove_v notwithstanding_o what_o be_v usual_o allege_v as_o a_o argument_n to_o the_o contrary_a by_o some_o ignorant_a and_o silly_a historian_n that_o it_o be_v once_o one_o of_o the_o hans-town_n the_o generality_n of_o the_o building_n in_o this_o city_n be_v fair_a and_o stately_a only_o on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o stand_v four_o old_a fashion_a fabric_n with_o turret_n on_o the_o top_n which_o the_o antiquary_n of_o this_o place_n fancy_n to_o have_v be_v the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o so_o many_o schwabish_a prince_n who_o in_o former_a day_n be_v lord_n of_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a traffic_n of_o the_o citizen_n the_o town_n be_v famous_a for_o a_o bishop_n see_v and_o a_o university_n wherein_o have_v be_v breed_v many_o learned_a man_n and_o some_o great_a writer_n the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n who_o have_v ancient_o the_o epiphet_n or_o title_n of_o golden_a give_v they_o from_o their_o vast_a revenue_n be_v put_v in_o by_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o they_o acknowledge_v their_o supreme_a head_n at_o least_o in_o temporal_n it_o be_v a_o receive_a tradition_n in_o these_o part_n that_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v no_o power_n to_o promote_v a_o stranger_n to_o any_o bishopric_n in_o silesia_n so_o that_o a_o bohemian_a be_v no_o more_o capable_a of_o be_v advance_v to_o one_o of_o their_o diocese_n then_o a_o silesian_n be_v of_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o prague_n but_o how_o false_a this_o report_n be_v historian_n will_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o boleslaus_n dukedom_n dukedom_n surname_v the_o long_a a_o polish_v prince_n be_v create_v the_o first_o duke_n of_o breslaw_n and_o lignitz_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n in_o the_o year_n 1163._o but_o these_o kind_n of_o petty_a prince_n not_o be_v able_a to_o secure_v their_o territory_n and_o especial_o this_o large_a and_o rich_a city_n which_o be_v a_o bait_n sufficient_a to_o tempt_v the_o most_o potent_a prince_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n from_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o tartar_n polander_n and_o other_o foreign_a enemy_n the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n be_v force_v to_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n or_o as_o they_o will_v have_v it_o emperor_n of_o germany_n to_o who_o they_o be_v now_o immediate_o subject_a vii_o the_o town_n and_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n lignitz_n a_o fair_a city_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n call_v katsbach_n be_v think_v to_o have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o lygii_n city_n city_n a_o german_a people_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o part_n of_o silesia_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1170_o this_o town_n be_v much_o enlarge_v beautify_v and_o fortify_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o long_a the_o first_o duke_n of_o lignitz_n after_o he_o duke_n frideric_n the_o second_o so_o far_o improve_v his_o predecessor_n boleslaus_n undertake_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1532_o it_o become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a fortify_v city_n next_o to_o breslaw_n in_o all_o silesia_n thing_n best_o worth_a see_v in_o the_o town_n be_v the_o hospital_n the_o town-hall_n and_o castle_n the_o dukedom_n of_o lignitz_n be_v reckon_v one_o of_o the_o best_a corn-country_n in_o silesia_n dukedom_n dukedom_n and_o afford_v near_o as_o great_a plenty_n of_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n especial_o the_o white_a sort_n which_o be_v here_o more_o plentiful_a then_o in_o any_o other_o province_n the_o whole_a be_v common_o subdivide_v into_o seven_o circle_n whereof_o four_o have_v name_n from_o the_o four_o city_n of_o luben_n parchwitz_n hayn_n and_o goldberg_n and_o the_o other_o three_o be_v the_o division_n of_o the_o barren_a or_o desert_a part_n of_o the_o dukedom_n viii_o the_o ducal_z city_n of_o jawer_n schweidnitz_n brieg_n monsterberg_n and_o oppelen_n the_o city_n of_o jawer_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a valley_n jawer_n jawer_n though_o not_o far_o distant_a from_o the_o rugged_a crag_n and_o mountain_n which_o separate_a silesia_n from_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n it_o have_v not_o the_o advantage_n of_o any_o river_n near_o it_o so_o that_o all_o the_o fortification_n it_o have_v be_v high_a rampire_n and_o deep_a ditch_n there_o be_v little_a of_o note_n in_o the_o town_n but_o the_o church_n burn_v down_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n a._n d._n 1648._o but_o rebuilt_a more_o stately_a than_o before_o and_o the_o castle_n wherein_o reside_v the_o lieutenant_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n of_o jawer_n and_o schweidnitz_n the_o emperor_n charles_n iv_o king_n of_o bohemia_n marry_v ann_n daughter_n of_o henry_n ii_o duke_n of_o javer_n who_o with_o his_o brother_n bolco_n duke_n of_o schweidnitz_n die_v without_o issue_n whereupon_o these_o two_o dukedom_n be_v more_o immediate_o subject_v to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o who_o hand_n they_o still_o remain_v to_o the_o dukedom_n of_o javer_n belong_v the_o town_n of_o buntzlau_n lemberg_n schonau_n greiffenberg_n lahn_n fridberg_n lubenthal_n schmideberg_n naumburg_n upon_o the_o queiss_n kupfferberg_n and_o hirschberg_n 2._o schweidnitz_n or_o schweinnitz_n schweidnitz_n schweidnitz_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o great_a herd_n of_o wild_a swine_n which_o be_v harbour_v in_o this_o place_n before_o the_o forest_n be_v cut_v down_o in_o the_o year_n 1070._o whence_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o town_n be_v a_o wild_a boar._n it_o be_v afterward_o much_o enlarge_v by_o boleslaus_n i._n who_o fortify_v it_o with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o beautify_v it_o with_o several_a fair_a building_n so_o that_o it_o be_v now_o one_o of_o the_o fine_a city_n in_o silesia_n the_o most_o remarkable_a sight_n in_o the_o town_n next_o to_o the_o church_n and_o other_o public_a building_n be_v the_o great_a gun_n in_o the_o armoury_n which_o carry_v a_o bullet_n of_o three_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o pound_n weight_n this_o be_v by_o schickfusius_n in_o his_o preface_n to_o curaeus_n chronicle_n of_o silesia_n very_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o great_a and_o extraordinary_a blessing_n which_o the_o almighty_a have_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v on_o some_o of_o the_o city_n in_o silesia_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o schweidnitz_n be_v the_o town_n of_o strigau_n memorable_a as_o we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v
the_o reader_n for_o the_o terra_fw-la sigillata_fw-la find_v here_o in_o great_a quantity_n reichenbach_n polckenhahn_n landeshut_n freyberg_n friedberg_n fridland_n zobten_n waldberg_n and_o gottesberg_n 3._o brieg_n brieg_n brieg_n or_o brig_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o polish_v word_n berega_n which_o signify_v a_o exceed_a high_a bank_n of_o a_o river_n such_o as_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v on_o the_o street_n here_o be_v uniform_a enough_o and_o the_o house_n general_o build_v of_o stone_n st._n nicholas_n church_n be_v a_o high_a and_o stately_a old_a fabric_n beautify_v with_o two_o tower_n and_o build_v after_o the_o ancient_a franckish_a mode_n this_o whole_a city_n except_v only_o some_o few_o public_a building_n be_v lay_v in_o ash_n by_o the_o hussites_n who_o overrun_v a_o great_a part_n of_o bohemia_n and_o silesia_n in_o the_o year_n 1428._o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brieg_n be_v reckon_v the_o town_n of_o strelen_n olau_n nimptsch_n pitschen_n creutzburg_n loben_n michelau_n and_o little_a oelsse_n the_o two_o mine-town_n of_o reichenstein_n and_o silberberg_n be_v joint_o subject_a to_o the_o duke_n of_o brieg_n and_o lignitz_n who_o be_v both_o of_o the_o same_o family_n and_o descend_v from_o the_o ancient_a hereditary_a king_n of_o poland_n 4._o monsterberg_n monsterberg_n monsterberg_n or_o munsterberg_n so_o call_v from_o the_o monastery_n build_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n be_v seat_v not_o far_o from_o the_o head_n of_o the_o river_n ola_n in_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a plain_n the_o town_n be_v neither_o large_a nor_o strong_a and_o have_v nothing_o in_o it_o of_o note_n but_o the_o school_n a_o old_a castle_n and_o a_o fair_a town-hall_n in_o this_o dukedom_n be_v the_o town_n of_o franckenstein_n and_o warta_n to_o which_o some_o historian_n and_o geographer_n be_v please_v to_o add_v hainrichau_n tepliwoda_n and_o kamentz_n 5._o oppelen_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o sandy_a and_o dry_a oppelen_n oppelen_n but_o fruitful_a country_n it_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o prevail_v with_o the_o emperor_n to_o withdraw_v all_o his_o force_n and_o subject_n hence_o in_o the_o year_n 1647._o since_o which_o time_n the_o citizen_n of_o oppelen_n and_o all_o the_o rustic_n in_o the_o village_n near_o it_o speak_v the_o polish_v language_n if_o strong_a gate_n and_o thick_a wall_n be_v proof_n against_o modern_a siege_n this_o town_n be_v sufficient_o provide_v against_o the_o assault_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o otherwise_o its_o fortification_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a among_o the_o many_o town_n and_o village_n in_o this_o dukedom_n the_o most_o remarkable_a be_v little_a glogaw_n neustat_n kosel_n beudten_n gleibitz_fw-fr tost_n strehlitz_n falckenberg_n zultz_n rosenberg_n lublinitz_n and_o schurgast_n ix_o the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n jegerndorf_n troppau_n ratibor_n and_o teschen_n crotkaw_n be_v a_o city_n of_o no_o great_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d bulk_n as_o its_o name_n seem_v to_o intimate_v but_o so_o well_o seat_v that_o it_o be_v a_o proverb_n in_o this_o country_n it_o be_v as_o impossible_a as_o for_o a_o grotkawer_n to_o starve_v or_o freeze_v the_o reason_n of_o which_o expression_n be_v ground_v upon_o each_o burger_n have_v a_o plentiful_a share_n in_o the_o adjacent_a cornfield_n and_o neighbour_a wood_n most_o of_o the_o house_n in_o the_o town_n be_v wood-building_n only_o the_o church_n bishop_n palace_n and_o the_o town-hall_n be_v of_o stone_n the_o dukedom_n of_o grotkaw_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n though_o sometime_o its_o lieutenant_n be_v a_o polander_n and_o contain_v in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o neisse_n a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n otmachau_n wansen_n ziegenhals_n freywald_n hozenplotz_n jawernick_n kaltenstein_n patschkau_n oy_a weidau_n and_o zackmantel_n the_o great_a trade_n of_o this_o country_n especial_o the_o citizen_n of_o neisse_n be_v in_o make_v and_o sell_v to_o the_o merchant_n of_o bohemia_n and_o poland_n a_o sort_n of_o strong_a and_o durable_a linnen-cloth_n for_o bed_n and_o bolster_n 2._o jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n jagerndorf_n which_o signify_v in_o the_o german_a language_n a_o village_n inhabit_v by_o huntsman_n and_o have_v its_o name_n probable_o from_o the_o abundance_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n in_o the_o neighbour_a wood_n the_o moravian_o call_v this_o town_n carnowf_n whence_o the_o dukedom_n be_v ordinary_o by_o latin_a author_n name_v ducatus_fw-la carnoviensis_fw-la and_o a_o citizen_n of_o this_o place_n carnowfsky_n from_o the_o ancient_a arm_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v a_o pair_n of_o horn_n between_o two_o great_a stone_n this_o city_n with_o the_o small_a dukedom_n which_o bear_v its_o name_n be_v give_v by_o ludowic_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n to_o george_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o build_v the_o castle_n and_o erect_v the_o other_o little_a fortification_n that_o defend_v the_o town_n ducatus_fw-la silesiae_fw-la grotganus_fw-la cum_fw-la districtu_fw-la episcopali_fw-la nissensi_fw-la to_o john_n nicholls_n esq_n of_o trewane_n in_o cornwall_n this_o map_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n notularum_fw-la explicatio_fw-la vrbs_fw-la arx_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la pagus_n nobilis_fw-la pagus_n episcopalis_fw-la commenda_fw-la comitatus_fw-la glatz_n notae_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n cum_fw-la templo_fw-la vicus_n arx_n auri_fw-la et_fw-fr argenti_fw-la fordinae_fw-la mons_fw-la notabilis_fw-la kohloruben_n holtz_n fluesse_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o and_o all_o other_o town_n and_o village_n in_o the_o dukedom_n observe_v the_o same_o law_n with_o the_o moravian_o for_o which_o reason_n the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o have_v often_o endeavour_v to_o associate_v themselves_o to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o moravia_n and_o renounce_v all_o dependence_n upon_o the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n but_o have_v always_o be_v oppose_v by_o the_o citizen_n of_o troppau_n who_o have_v still_o be_v zealous_a to_o continue_v member_n of_o their_o ancient_a body_n 4._o ratibor_n be_v seat_v in_o a_o pleasant_a plain_a about_o six_o german_a mile_n from_o oppelen_n we_o have_v no_o account_n of_o it_o before_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1164_o so_o that_o most_o geographer_n venture_v to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v build_v about_o that_o time_n the_o private_a dwell_a house_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v as_o in_o most_o part_n of_o silesia_n general_o wooden_a building_n but_o the_o duke_n palace_n cathedral_n and_o some_o other_o public_a building_n be_v of_o stone_n there_o be_v still_o in_o the_o city_n one_o popish_a monastery_n and_o former_o the_o jesuit_n have_v a_o great_a foot_n in_o it_o but_o since_o the_o reformation_n that_o sort_n of_o cattle_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o harbour_n the_o dukedom_n of_o ratibor_n which_o contain_v the_o town_n of_o oderberg_n sora_n ribenick_n pilzowitz_n and_o mieslowitz_n be_v former_o govern_v by_o a_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n valentinus_n its_o last_a prince_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1516_o it_o become_v more_o immediate_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n 5._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d teschen_n or_o tessin_n be_v one_o of_o the_o old_a city_n in_o silesia_n say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v by_o cessimir_n or_o gessimir_n son_n of_o lescus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n a._n d._n 810_o and_o from_o he_o to_o have_v have_v its_o first_o name_n which_o have_v since_o be_v corrupt_v into_o tessin_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o silesia_n moravia_n poland_n and_o hungary_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o its_o citizen_n speak_v a_o medley_n of_o language_n hardly_o intelligible_a to_o any_o but_o themselves_o they_o have_v here_o great_a store_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o venison_n and_o wild_a fowl_n the_o vistula_n and_o elsa_n afford_v they_o plenty_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o hungarian_a merchant_n bring_v they_o in_o daily_o vast_a quantity_n of_o wine_n fruit_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n at_o one_o of_o their_o church_n they_o have_v weekly_o divine_a service_n and_o a_o sermon_n in_o the_o bohemian_a language_n and_o at_o another_o the_o like_a in_o high_a dutch_a for_o of_o these_o two_o nation_n the_o burgher_n chief_o consist_v here_o be_v brew_v beer_n of_o two_o sort_n the_o one_o with_o wheat_n and_o the_o other_o with_o ordinary_a barley_n malt_n the_o latter_a of_o these_o they_o call_v matznotz_n a_o sort_n of_o drink_n pleasant_a enough_o but_o mighty_a strong_a and_o heady_a which_o too_o often_o on_o their_o market-day_n make_v the_o poor_a rustic_n commit_v several_a outrage_n and_o disorder_n in_o the_o height_n of_o their_o jollity_n in_o this_o dukedom_n there_o be_v several_a high_a mountain_n whereof_o two_o row_v be_v more_o especial_o remarkable_a and_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o geographer_n and_o historian_n the_o first_o of_o these_o be_v those_o on_o the_o
part_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o ancient_a palace_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o king_n of_o bohemia_n there_o be_v still_o stand_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o wall_n round_o this_o palace_n the_o cement_n whereof_o be_v so_o good_a that_o hardly_o any_o engine_n can_v be_v invent_v which_o will_v pull_v they_o down_o the_o jesuit_n of_o late_a year_n have_v build_v here_o a_o new_a college_n for_o themselves_o which_o go_v beyond_o the_o other_o they_o have_v before_o in_o the_o old_a town_n 3._o the_o little_a town_n or_o kleine_n seiten_fw-ge as_o they_o sometime_o call_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o west_n side_n of_o the_o muldau_n over_o which_o you_o pass_v by_o a_o stately_a stone-bridge_n of_o sixteen_o arch_n in_o this_o place_n stand_v winceslaus_n palace_n wherein_o the_o emperor_n when_o he_o come_v to_o prague_n keep_v his_o court._n some_o have_v venture_v to_o affirm_v that_o as_o good_a high_a dutch_a be_v speak_v in_o this_o palace_n and_o by_o the_o neighbour_a burgher_n as_o in_o any_o city_n of_o germany_n but_o he_o that_o shall_v curious_o and_o critical_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o assertion_n will_v find_v that_o the_o language_n here_o speak_v fall_v as_o far_o short_a of_o the_o pure_a misnian_a dialect_n as_o this_o palace_n do_v of_o the_o elector_n court_n at_o dresden_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v the_o cathedral_n of_o this_o archbishopric_n dedicate_v to_o st._n vite_fw-la from_o the_o top_n of_o which_o you_o have_v the_o best_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n of_o prague_n at_o weissenberg_n or_o the_o white_a hill_n near_o prague_n be_v fight_v the_o fatal_a battle_n between_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o count_n bucquoy_n lieutenant_n of_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o second_v force_n and_o frideric_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o elect_a king_n of_o bohemia_n in_o which_o the_o new_a king_n be_v conquer_v his_o force_n total_o rout_v his_o ordnance_n seize_v on_o and_o himself_o and_o his_o queen_n our_o king_n charles_n the_o martyr_n sister_n force_v to_o fly_v into_o silesia_n prague_n be_v force_v to_o resign_v itself_o up_o immediate_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o emperor_n who_o soon_o after_o root_v out_o all_o maintainer_n of_o the_o protestant_a religion_n throughout_o the_o kingdom_n some_o historian_n have_v take_v notice_n that_o of_o the_o gospel_n appoint_v to_o be_v read_v on_o the_o day_n whereon_o be_v fight_v this_o battle_n which_o be_v the_o twenty-third_a sunday_n after_o trinity_n a._n d._n 1620_o this_o text_n render_v to_o cesar_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v caesar_n be_v a_o part_n which_o be_v as_o observable_a as_o the_o church_n of_o england_n appoint_v the_o 27_o chapter_n of_o matthew_n to_o be_v read_v the_o second_o lesson_n on_o the_o thirty_o of_o january_n whereon_o our_o late_a king_n suffer_v martyrdom_n ii_o egra_n egraâ—_n egraâ—_n a_o great_a city_n on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o palatinate_n be_v call_v by_o the_o bohemian_o chebbe_n but_o by_o the_o german_n that_o inhabit_v it_o egra_n from_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v it_o be_v make_v a_o imperial_a city_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n i._o in_o the_o year_n 1179_o in_o remembrance_n of_o the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o burgher_n to_o that_o emperor_n in_o oppose_a henry_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n who_o have_v overrun_v the_o great_a part_n of_o this_o country_n it_o be_v wall_v with_o a_o double_a sometime_o with_o a_o triple_a wall_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o almost_o impregnable_a castle_n the_o marketplace_n be_v surround_v with_o very_o fair_a building_n and_o some_o of_o their_o church_n make_v a_o good_a show_n bertius_fw-la and_o ens_fw-la speak_v of_o strange_a cure_n perform_v by_o the_o water_n issue_v out_o of_o a_o fountain_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o this_o city_n the_o well_o they_o mention_v be_v not_o in_o the_o suburb_n but_o about_o two_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n its_o water_n be_v something_o salt_n and_o brinish_a but_o very_o cool_a and_o clear_a they_o be_v say_v to_o cure_v all_o infirmity_n in_o the_o eye_n ear_n or_o other_o part_n of_o the_o head_n and_o many_o other_o cure_n be_v wrought_v by_o their_o purge_n and_o cleanse_v the_o body_n jac._n theodorus_n tabernaemontanus_n give_v we_o a_o account_n of_o some_o strange_a feat_n wrought_v by_o they_o in_o his_o book_n entitle_v wasser-schatz_a print_v at_o frantfurt_n a._n d._n 1584._o and_o paul_n macasius_n publish_v a_o whole_a treatise_n about_o the_o nature_n and_o virtue_n of_o these_o egrish_a water_n in_o the_o year_n 1616._o some_o antiquary_n pretend_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o old_a name_n of_o this_o city_n be_v sourstad_v from_o these_o bitter_a water_n but_o we_o can_v expect_v no_o great_a faithfulness_n in_o the_o account_n of_o its_o antiquity_n since_o the_o city_n with_o all_o its_o record_n perish_v in_o the_o flame_n a._n d._n 1270._o other_o city_n of_o note_n be_v 1._o budweiss_n a_o fair_a and_o large_a town_n not_o far_o from_o the_o border_n of_o austria_n 2._o kuttenberg_n a_o mine-town_n on_o the_o elb._n elnbogen_n a_o strong_a town_n on_o the_o border_n of_o misnia_n call_v usual_o the_o bohemian_a key_n to_o the_o german_a empire_n 4._o thabor_n in_o the_o way_n betwixt_o prague_n and_o budweiss_n whence_o the_o picart_n get_v the_o name_n of_o thaborite_n leimiritz_n aug_v bern_n bruck_n gretz_n maut_n hoff_n jaromir_n pilsen_n etc._n etc._n be_v no_o better_o then_o ordinary_a market-town_n franconiae_fw-la nova_fw-la descriptio_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la jansonio-waesbergiorum_a mosis_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-la stephani_fw-la swart_a reverendissim_fw-la o_o &_o illustrission_n principi_fw-la ac_fw-la domino_fw-la dnon_fw-la francisco_n episcopo_fw-la bambergensi_fw-la &_o wirceburgensi_fw-la francia_fw-la orientalis_n duci_fw-la domino_fw-la svo_fw-la clementissimo_fw-la humillime_v offer_v nicolaus_n rittershusius_n u._n i._o d._n the_o great_a circle_n of_o franconia_n franconia_n be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o ten_o great_a circle_n or_o district_n into_o which_o the_o german_a empire_n be_v usual_o divide_v this_o district_n send_v to_o the_o diet_n the_o bishop_n of_o wurtsburg_n eichstadt_n and_o bamberg_n the_o count_n of_o henneberg_n wertheim_n etc._n etc._n with_o several_a other_o prince_n spiritual_a and_o temporal_a beside_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o noremberg_n rottenburg_n winsheim_n and_o schwinfurt_n it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o south_n with_o schwaben_n and_o bavaria_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o low_a palatinate_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o landgraviate_v of_o thuringen_n and_o on_o the_o east_n with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o country_n have_v undoubted_o its_o name_n from_o the_o frank_n its_o ancient_a inhabitant_n who_o some_o historian_n make_v a_o remnant_n of_o the_o old_a trojan_n who_o at_o first_o be_v expel_v their_o own_o country_n by_o the_o grecian_n seat_v themselves_o upon_o the_o seashore_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o danubius_n these_o sicambri_n for_o so_o they_o be_v then_o call_v be_v beat_v from_o their_o hold_n by_o the_o goth_n be_v force_v to_o seek_v out_o new_a habitation_n and_o at_o last_o about_o 430_o year_n before_o christ_n fix_v themselves_o under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o general_n marcomir_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n in_o westphalia_n friesland_n and_o gelderland_n all_o which_o country_n be_v afterward_o comprise_v under_o the_o general_n name_n of_o sicambria_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n after_o they_o name_v themselves_o franci_n after_o the_o name_n of_o their_o great_a commander_n francus_n who_o lead_v they_o beyond_o the_o rhine_n and_o subdue_v for_o they_o the_o great_a part_n of_o gallia_n which_o they_o name_v franckric_a the_o german_n call_v it_o still_o franckreich_n or_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o frank_n other_o say_v that_o the_o frank_n be_v not_o one_o particular_a people_n but_o that_o the_o vbii_n mattiaci_n juhones_n sicambri_n tencteri_n vsipetes_n marsi_n marsaci_n tubantes_n bructeri_n chamavi_n angrivarii_n dulgibini_n chassuarii_n ansibarii_n frisii_n chanci_n cherusci_n gambrivii_n and_o some_o other_o branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n unite_v themselves_o into_o one_o body_n by_o a_o solemn_a league_n and_o covenant_n as_o the_o only_a mean_n to_o secure_v themselves_o against_o the_o grow_a power_n of_o the_o roman_a emperor_n have_v thus_o link_v themselves_o together_o they_o take_v as_o the_o almain_n have_v do_v before_o they_o one_o common_a name_n call_v themselves_o francken_a which_o in_o their_o language_n signify_v as_o freyen_v in_o the_o modern_a high_a dutch_a a_o free_a people_n as_o we_o find_v in_o our_o ancient_a law-book_n francisia_n for_o freedom_n franciscare_n to_o set_v at_o liberty_n and_o franchise_n be_v a_o word_n still_o common_o use_v for_o liberty_n about_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixteen_o year_n after_o christ_n there_o be_v great_a contest_v between_o the_o thuringian_o and_o schwabe_n
henry_n the_o first_o be_v sister_n though_o other_o think_v it_o rather_o a_o corruption_n of_o papenberg_n or_o pfaffenberg_n as_o have_v be_v ancient_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o priest_n or_o pfaffen_n we_o have_v already_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o delicate_a situation_n of_o this_o city_n abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o rich_a fruit_n and_o plant_n beyond_o any_o of_o its_o neighbour_a province_n and_o shall_v here_o only_o take_v notice_n of_o what_o be_v observable_a within_o the_o town_n the_o old_a earl_n of_o bamberg_n keep_v their_o residence_n at_o altenburg_n about_o a_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o town_n but_o the_o bishop_n have_v now_o adays_o a_o palace_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n on_o a_o small_a island_n in_o the_o river_n regnitz_n it_o be_v a_o pile_n of_o build_v sufficient_o magnificent_a and_o splendid_a rare_o beautify_v with_o large_a and_o fair_a orchard_n and_o garden_n the_o jesuit_n college_n and_o church_n make_v a_o good_a show_n and_o the_o four_o spire_n at_o the_o cathedral_n be_v noble_a schweinfurt_n or_o trajectus_n svevorum_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o swabe_n pass_v the_o river_n main_a in_o this_o place_n fâ—â—â—_n sâ—â—â—â—â—â—_n fâ—â—â—_n goltmeyer_n say_v this_o town_n be_v build_v 217_o year_n before_o christ_n but_o bring_v little_a proof_n for_o what_o he_o report_v the_o town_n be_v at_o present_a neither_o very_o large_a nor_o populous_a but_o tolerable_o well_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o rampire_n and_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o a_o good_a river_n run_v by_o this_o city_n be_v by_o some_o reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o hennenberg_n of_o which_o anon_o territorium_fw-la francofurtense_n to_o john_n hillersdon_n of_o the_o inner_a temple_n esq_n thismapp_n be_v humble_o dedicate_v by_o moses_n pitt_n the_o city_n and_o territory_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o main_a the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o great_a king_n of_o the_o franc_n have_v once_o make_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n and_o thorough_o incense_v that_o bold_a and_o resolute_a people_n he_o can_v get_v but_o little_a rest_n till_o he_o have_v subdue_v they_o beyond_o all_o possibility_n of_o a_o rebellion_n for_o they_o be_v continual_o press_v in_o swarm_n upon_o the_o franc_n who_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o too_o numerous_a for_o their_o enemy_n they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o pursue_v to_o the_o very_a bank_n of_o the_o river_n main_a where_o they_o have_v sometime_o the_o misfortune_n to_o be_v cut_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o franc_n who_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o ford_n of_o that_o river_n will_v sudden_o rush_v in_o upon_o they_o and_o put_v most_o of_o they_o either_o to_o flight_n or_o the_o sword_n from_o these_o sally_n it_o be_v think_v the_o town_n of_o francfurt_n have_v its_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v upon_o one_o of_o these_o common_a ford_n of_o the_o franc_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o ingenious_a gunther_n in_o his_o ligurinus_n where_o he_o say_v quia_fw-la carolus_n illic_fw-la saxonas_fw-la indomita_fw-la nimium_fw-la feritate_fw-la rebel_n oppugnans_fw-la rapidi_fw-la latissima_fw-la flumina_fw-la maeni_fw-la ignoto_fw-la fregisse_fw-la vado_fw-la mediumque_fw-la per_fw-la amnem_fw-la transmississe_fw-la svas_fw-la neglecto_fw-la ponte_fw-la cohortes_fw-la creditur_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o other_o say_v though_o without_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o francus_n the_o first_o captain_n of_o these_o people_n and_o that_o from_o he_o it_o get_v its_o name_n and_o some_o as_o ridiculous_o have_v call_v it_o helenopolis_n from_o the_o emperor_n constantine_n mother_n the_o town_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o by_o the_o main_a whereof_o the_o great_a be_v call_v francfurt_n and_o the_o less_o sachsen-huss_a or_o the_o house_n of_o the_o saxon_n these_o two_o be_v unite_v by_o a_o stone-bridge_n across_o the_o river_n of_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o arch_n and_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o magistrate_n the_o city_n be_v strong_a and_o well_o fortify_v and_o which_o give_v it_o more_o strength_n than_o wall_n or_o rampire_n can_v do_v its_o inhabitant_n be_v unanimous_a professor_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n the_o jew_n indeed_o have_v one_o street_n to_o themselves_o and_o be_v allow_v a_o synagogue_n with_o the_o public_a profession_n of_o their_o religion_n but_o these_o be_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o handful_n of_o man_n that_o there_o be_v no_o fear_n of_o their_o disturb_v the_o government_n it_o be_v a_o place_n of_o great_a traffic_n and_o well_o seat_v for_o that_o purpose_n for_o the_o main_a pass_v by_o the_o great_a city_n of_o bamberg_n schweinfurt_n wurtzburg_n and_o guemund_n give_v it_o a_o opportunity_n of_o trade_n with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o franconia_n and_o the_o same_o river_n run_v into_o the_o rhine_n carry_v off_o and_o bring_v in_o commodity_n from_o the_o remote_a part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o the_o netherlands_o the_o great_a concourse_n of_o foreign_a merchant_n be_v at_o the_o two_o great_a fair_n keep_v here_o yearly_o in_o march_n and_o september_n at_o which_o time_n all_o sort_n of_o commodity_n especial_o book_n be_v bring_v hither_o by_o the_o factor_n of_o the_o german_n hollander_n italian_n french_a and_z english_z they_o have_v every_o year_n a_o catalogue_n publish_v of_o such_o new_a book_n as_o be_v or_o will_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o fair_a and_o from_o they_o our_o london_n bookseller_n have_v of_o late_a year_n learn_v the_o trick_n of_o print_v a_o catalogue_n every_o term._n as_o long_o as_o this_o mart_n last_v which_o be_v usual_o three_o week_n there_o be_v here_o as_o great_a variety_n and_o choice_n of_o book_n as_o in_o any_o city_n in_o europe_n but_o when_o that_o be_v over_o the_o bookseller_n shop_n be_v usual_o shut_v up_o on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n they_o have_v a_o spacious_a horse-fair_a wherein_o yearly_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o good_a horse_n be_v buy_v and_o sell_v among_o the_o many_o privilege_n confer_v on_o this_o city_n by_o several_a of_o the_o german_a emperor_n privilege_n privilege_n the_o chief_a be_v its_o be_v appoint_v the_o certain_a place_n for_o the_o election_n of_o every_o new_a emperor_n this_o be_v a_o customary_a thing_n ever_o since_o arnulph_n the_o first_o be_v day_n but_o confirm_v only_o by_o charles_n iv_o author_n of_o the_o aurea_n bulla_n of_o which_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o general_n description_n of_o germany_n after_o the_o elector_n have_v give_v their_o voice_n in_o st._n bartholomew_n church_n if_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v as_o now_o there_o be_v eight_o elector_n it_o may_v easy_o happen_v which_o person_n have_v the_o most_o vote_n it_o have_v be_v usual_a for_o the_o two_o candidate_n to_o determine_v the_o quarrel_n by_o battle_n in_o the_o neighbour_a field_n wherein_o the_o conqueror_n be_v carry_v off_o with_o great_a acclamation_n back_o to_o the_o city_n and_o there_o proclaim_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n thus_o the_o controversy_n be_v decide_v betwixt_o henry_n landgrave_n of_o thuringen_n and_o conrade_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n ii_o as_o also_o between_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o bavaria_n and_o frideric_n arch_a duke_n of_o austria_n and_o last_o betwixt_o gunther_n count_n of_o schwartzenburg_n and_o charles_n iu._n these_o be_v the_o instance_n give_v by_o munster_n and_o some_o other_o german_a writer_n all_o of_o who_o martin_n zeiller_n rely_v on_o the_o authority_n of_o chrst_n lehman_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o spire_n fancy_v to_o be_v mistake_v and_o to_o report_v story_n which_o none_o of_o the_o more_o ancient_a historian_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o time_n when_o these_o thing_n shall_v have_v be_v transact_v ever_o mention_n st._n bartholomew_n church_n in_o francfurt_n be_v a_o venerable_a and_o stately_a piece_n of_o architecture_n have_v be_v first_o build_v by_o king_n pepin_n charles_n the_o great_a be_v father_n some_o other_o public_a building_n as_o the_o town-hall_n several_a monastery_n etc._n etc._n be_v worth_a the_o see_v but_o the_o mineral_n spring_n and_o bath_n be_v most_o remarkable_a which_o be_v daily_o visit_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n of_o the_o town_n and_o neighbourhood_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o cold_a bath_n wherein_o as_o zeiller_n report_v it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o his_o day_n to_o wash_v woman_n before_o they_o go_v to_o be_v marry_v or_o as_o soon_o as_o their_o month_n of_o childbed_n be_v over_o but_o that_o which_o give_v england_n the_o great_a cause_n to_o remember_v this_o city_n be_v the_o entertainment_n of_o some_o of_o our_o protestant_a minister_n who_o with_o their_o congregation_n flee_v hither_o in_o the_o day_n of_o queen_n mary_n bitter_a persecution_n yet_o i_o be_o sorry_a our_o island_n be_v force_v to_o own_o such_o a_o set_v of_o ecclesiastic_o who_o go_v hence_o a_o pack_n of_o zuinglian_a gospeler_n and_o
state_n nor_o any_o thing_n true_o great_a in_o the_o city_n 3._o speyer_n speyer_n speyer_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o elector_n palatine_n at_o the_o same_o rate_n with_o worm_n it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o nemetum_n civitas_n or_o noviomagum_n mention_v by_o julius_n cesar_n although_o freherus_n prove_v that_o the_o whole_a country_n near_o this_o place_n be_v ancient_o conclude_v under_o that_o name_n it_o be_v seat_v in_o a_o plain_a on_o the_o western_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n a_o large_a and_o populous_a city_n which_o owe_v its_o security_n more_o to_o the_o number_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n then_o the_o strength_n of_o any_o fortification_n near_o it_o for_o gustavus_n adolphus_n the_o victorious_a king_n of_o sweden_n demolish_v its_o bulwark_n and_o rampire_n be_v unwilling_a to_o spare_v so_o many_o man_n out_o of_o his_o army_n as_o be_v requisite_a to_o garrison_n it_o and_o make_v it_o good_a against_o any_o future_a assault_n of_o the_o imperialist_n the_o citizen_n of_o worm_n and_o spire_n though_o lutheran_n swear_v fealty_n to_o their_o bishop_n who_o be_v under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n there_o be_v in_o this_o town_n many_o stately_a house_n and_o fair_a church_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v the_o cathedral_n beautify_v with_o four_o tower_n but_o the_o great_a glory_n of_o the_o town_n be_v the_o imperial_a chamber_n which_o be_v first_o place_v at_o worm_n by_o the_o emperor_n maximilian_n the_o first_o and_o not_o long_o after_o fix_v at_o speyer_n from_o whence_o it_o can_v be_v remove_v but_o by_o a_o general_a consent_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o empire_n this_o fill_v the_o city_n with_o a_o constant_a concourse_n of_o people_n from_o all_o part_n of_o germany_n who_o repair_n hither_o for_o the_o final_a determination_n of_o such_o lawsuit_n as_o they_o fancy_n have_v not_o be_v well_o decide_v by_o inferior_a court_n of_o judicature_n in_o their_o own_o country_n for_o hither_o there_o lie_v a_o appeal_n from_o any_o prince_n court_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o elector_n themselves_o may_v in_o some_o trial_n at_o law_n be_v summon_v to_o appear_v before_o this_o court_n 4._o zweybrucken_v zweybrucken_v zweybrucken_v call_v by_o the_o french_a deux-ponts_n have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o bridge_n over_o two_o river_n at_o the_o confluence_n whereof_o it_o be_v seat_v this_o city_n be_v signal_n for_o little_a more_o than_o its_o give_a name_n to_o a_o small_a principality_n in_o the_o neighbourhood_n which_o be_v enjoy_v by_o a_o young_a house_n of_o the_o count_n palatine_n who_o be_v common_o style_v principes_fw-la bipontini_fw-la or_o principes_fw-la gemini_fw-la pontis_fw-la these_o poor_a prince_n have_v pay_v dear_a for_o some_o of_o the_o french_a king_n be_v late_a victory_n especial_o his_o triumph_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o year_n 1677_o wherein_o their_o chief_a city_n zweybrucken_v be_v almost_o quite_o demolish_v so_o near_o be_v it_o to_o a_o utter_a overthrow_n that_o at_o this_o time_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n more_o to_o be_v see_v then_o the_o skeleton_n of_o a_o city_n 5._o philipsburg_n vdenheim_n or_o philipsburg_n udenheim_n a_o town_n subject_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o spire_n seat_v on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o saltza_n and_o on_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o the_o rhine_n it_o be_v ancient_o a_o village_n but_o be_v wall_v round_o by_o gerhard_n bishop_n of_o spire_n who_o first_o make_v it_o a_o city_n and_o procure_v for_o it_o severallarge_v privilege_n it_o be_v convenient_o seat_v for_o the_o command_n of_o the_o most_o considerable_a part_n of_o the_o adjacent_a country_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n well_o fortify_v by_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o diocese_n a_o little_a before_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n these_o new_a fortification_n begin_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n give_v ground_n to_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n to_o suspect_v that_o some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a design_n be_v carry_v on_o by_o this_o prelate_n whereupon_o frederic_n v._o the_o then_o elector_n palatine_n and_o prince_n in_o chief_a of_o vdenheim_n require_v he_o to_o desist_v from_o finish_v what_o he_o have_v begin_v which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v allege_v the_o emperor_n placaet_n for_o what_o he_o do_v upon_o this_o contempt_n the_o elector_n beat_v it_o down_o by_o force_n for_o this_o affront_n to_o the_o emperor_n authority_n the_o elector_n and_o his_o confederate_n be_v cite_v to_o appear_v before_o the_o imperial_a chamber_n at_o speyer_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v proceed_v against_o with_o all_o imaginable_a severity_n this_o hard_a usage_n be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a motive_n which_o induce_v the_o unfortunate_a elector_n to_o accept_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n and_o consequent_o a_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n in_o which_o unhappy_a juncture_n marquis_n spinola_n the_o spanish_a general_n think_v this_o town_n so_o capable_a of_o be_v improve_v into_o a_o strong_a hold_n that_o he_o repair_v the_o demolish_a fortification_n and_o have_v make_v the_o place_n almost_o impregnable_a give_v it_o the_o new_a name_n of_o philipsburg_n by_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n this_o town_n and_o castle_n be_v put_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o french_a and_o by_o the_o late_a treaty_n at_o nimeguen_n resign_v up_o to_o the_o imperialist_n in_o exchange_n for_o freyburg_n in_o brisgow_n the_o present_a king_n of_o france_n before_o the_o break_n out_o of_o the_o late_a bloody_a war_n cause_v this_o inscription_n to_o be_v write_v over_o the_o great_a gate_n at_o philipsburg_n tuendis_fw-la rheni_n finibus_fw-la ludovicus_n fourteen_o francorum_n &_o navarrae_n rex_fw-la christianissimus_a confecto_fw-la in_o utraque_fw-la germania_n bello_fw-la restaurata_fw-la ubique_fw-la pace_n munimentum_n hoc_fw-la suae_fw-la virtutis_fw-la assertaeque_fw-la libertatis_fw-la germaniae_fw-la monumentum_n firmari_fw-la isthoc_fw-la agere_fw-la muroque_fw-la regiis_fw-la sumptibus_fw-la extructo_fw-la fecit_fw-la anno_fw-la m._n dc_o lxvi_o perfecit_fw-la in_o terrorem_fw-la hostium_fw-la foederatorum_fw-la praesidium_n liliorum_fw-la subsidium_fw-la alterum_fw-la galliae_fw-la cis_fw-la rhenum_n propugnaculum_fw-la ac_fw-la germaniam_fw-la versus_fw-la ostium_n in_o ferius_fw-la situ_fw-la non_fw-la robore_fw-la quod_fw-la ille_fw-la claudit_fw-la nemo_fw-la aperit_fw-la idem_fw-la aperit_fw-la &_o nemo_fw-la claudit_fw-la but_o when_o afterward_o in_o the_o succeed_a war_n it_o have_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o imperialist_n the_o emperor_n raze_v out_o the_o former_a inscription_n and_o cause_v this_o follow_v one_o to_o be_v write_v in_o its_o stead_n leopoldus_n imperator_fw-la caesar_n pius_n faelix_fw-la augustus_n victor_n &_o triumphator_n suscepto_fw-la juvandis_fw-la sociis_fw-la tuendis_fw-la civibus_fw-la arcendis_fw-la hostibus_fw-la necessario_fw-la bello_fw-la restaurandae_fw-la ubique_fw-la paci_n munimentum_n hoc_fw-la vindicatae_fw-la ab_fw-la injectis_fw-la gallicae_n servitutis_fw-la compedibus_fw-la libertatis_fw-la publicae_fw-la futurum_fw-la ad_fw-la posteros_fw-la monumentum_fw-la expugnavit_fw-la germaniaeque_fw-la postliminio_fw-la restituit_fw-la anno_fw-la christianae_n salutis_fw-la mdclxxvi_o terrori_fw-la hostium_fw-la tutelae_fw-la civium_fw-la germaniae_fw-la praesidio_fw-la alterum_fw-la galliae_fw-la cis_fw-la rhenum_n receptaculum_fw-la ac_fw-la germaniam_fw-la versus_fw-la ostium_n auspicato_fw-la plura_fw-la pari_fw-la successu_fw-la recuperandi_fw-la augurio_fw-la gallis_fw-la clausit_fw-la germanis_fw-la reclusit_fw-la quod_fw-la gallus_n claudit_fw-la germanus_n aperit_fw-la there_o be_v some_o more_o well_o fortify_v town_n in_o the_o low_a palatinate_n such_o as_o manheim_n upon_o the_o confluence_n of_o the_o rhine_n and_o neccar_n coube_v franckenthal_n keysers-lautern_a simmeren_n etc._n etc._n but_o none_o of_o so_o good_a note_n as_o those_o already_o describe_v helvetii_n alsatia_n pal._n rheni_n arch_n mogun_n arch._n trevir_n arch._n colon._n clivia_n geldria_n vltrajectum_n hollandia_n apud_fw-la jâ—â—ssoâ—â—â—-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a rhenus_n fluviorum_fw-la europae_n celeberrimus_fw-la cum_fw-la mosa_n mosella_n et_fw-la reliquis_fw-la in_fw-la illum_fw-la se_fw-la exonerantibus_fw-la fluminibus_fw-la apâ—â—_n jâ—â—ssâ—â—â—â—-waesbergios_a mosem_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a palatinatus_n ad_fw-la rhenum_n apud_fw-la janssonio-waesbergios_a mosem_fw-la pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanum_n swart_a not._n explicatio_fw-la civitates_fw-la munite_fw-la urbes_fw-la vici_fw-la pagi_n arces_fw-la coenobia_n fortalitia_fw-la vera_fw-la totius_fw-la marchionatus_fw-la badensis_fw-la et_fw-la hochbergensis_n ceterorumque_fw-la ducatum_fw-la landgravionatuum_fw-la et_fw-la comitatuum_fw-la ad_fw-la princeps_fw-la huius_fw-la nominis_fw-la spectantium_fw-la geometr_v astro_fw-la calcu_fw-la delineatio_fw-la heic_fw-la domus_fw-la aeneae_n cunctis_fw-la dominabitur_fw-la oris_fw-la et_fw-la gnati_fw-la gnatorum_fw-la et_fw-la qui_fw-la nascentur_fw-la ab_fw-la illis_fw-la excudebant_fw-la janssonio-waesbergii_a moses_n pitt_n et_fw-fr stephanus_n swart_a explicatio_fw-la notarum_fw-la vrbs_fw-la oppidum_n pagus_n notabilis_fw-la pagus_n arx_n monasterium_fw-la pagê°_n not_o cum_fw-la arce_n arx_n et_fw-fr pagus_n monast_n cum_fw-la pago_n balneum_fw-la acidus_n fons_fw-la fodinae_fw-la aerarum_fw-la the_o marquisate_n of_o baden_n baden_n lie_v along_o
werdenhagen_n a_o author_n of_o good_a credit_n to_o who_o the_o world_n be_v indebt_v for_o the_o most_o accurate_a description_n of_o the_o hans-town_n hitherto_o publish_v tell_v we_o this_o small_a city_n have_v its_o name_n as_o well_o as_o bernau_n beerwald_n bernstein_n with_o some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n from_o its_o first_o founder_n marquis_n albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la or_o der_fw-mi beer_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o a_o pleasant_a plot_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n spree_n which_o prickheimer_n dresser_n willichius_n maginus_fw-la bertius_fw-la with_o some_o other_o note_v geographer_n have_v mistake_v for_o ptolomy_n svevus_n whereas_o that_o great_a man_n make_v his_o svevus_n to_o empty_v itself_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v that_o the_o spree_n join_v itself_o with_o the_o havel_n at_o spandau_n with_o which_o it_o be_v swallow_v up_o by_o the_o elb_n near_o werben_fw-ge which_o carry_v it_o into_o the_o german_a ocean_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v coln_n on_o the_o spree_n as_o it_o be_v name_v for_o distinction_n sake_n famous_a for_o the_o palace_n and_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o castle_n here_o be_v build_v by_o marquis_n joachim_n the_o second_o but_o much_o enlarge_v and_o beautify_v by_o his_o successor_n thing_n most_o worth_a the_o see_v here_o be_v the_o armoury_n chamber_n of_o rarity_n gallery_n in_o some_o of_o which_o among_o multitude_n of_o other_o rare_a picture_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o piece_n of_o the_o famous_a luke_n kranach_n work_n garden_n waterwork_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o year_n 1628._o the_o citizen_n of_o berlin_n and_o coln_n be_v strange_o alarm_v with_o the_o sight_n of_o a_o apparition_n or_o spirit_n which_o many_o of_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v see_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o woman_n and_o to_o have_v hear_v it_o pronounce_v these_o word_n veni_fw-la judica_n vivos_fw-la &_o mortvos_fw-la now_o because_o the_o curious_a man_n about_o the_o court_n have_v observe_v the_o say_a year_n 1628._o mystical_o point_v at_o in_o the_o numeral_a letter_n of_o those_o word_n they_o present_o conclude_v that_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n be_v not_o far_o off_o iii_o francfurt_n francfurt_n francfurt_n upon_o the_o other_o which_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v build_v about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 146_o by_o sunno_n a_o prince_n of_o the_o frank_n who_o pursue_v the_o vandal_n to_o this_o place_n with_o a_o army_n of_o eighteen_o some_o say_v twenty-eight_a thousand_o of_o his_o countryman_n place_v here_o a_o colony_n of_o his_o soldier_n call_v the_o town_n he_o have_v build_v for_o they_o trajectum_n francorum_n or_o francfurt_n afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1253_o john_n i_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o his_o brother_n otho_n rebuilt_a the_o decay_a town_n and_o enlarge_v it_o above_o a_o three_o part_n in_o the_o year_n 1379_o marquis_n sigismond_n grant_v many_o and_o great_a privilege_n to_o the_o citizen_n upon_o their_o enter_v into_o the_o society_n of_o the_o hans-town_n last_o the_o university_n of_o francfurt_n be_v found_v by_o marquis_n joachim_n i._n and_o his_o brother_n albert_n afterward_o archbishop_n of_o mentz_n and_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1506_o at_o which_o time_n the_o school_n here_o be_v stock_v with_o professor_n from_o leipsic_n professor_n of_o best_a note_n in_o this_o university_n of_o late_a year_n and_o probable_o some_o of_o they_o may_v be_v still_o alive_a be_v raetius_n strickius_n becman_n and_o schultz_n who_o have_v please_v their_o countryman_n with_o the_o edition_n of_o some_o few_o disputation_n and_o small_a pamphlet_n of_o good_a credit_n the_o street_n be_v general_o large_a and_o well_o build_v the_o marketplace_n spacious_a and_o stately_a in_o which_o be_v yearly_o keep_v three_o great_a fair_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a carthusian_n monastery_n of_o which_o johannes_n ab_fw-la indagine_fw-la who_o as_o dresser_n report_v be_v author_n of_o above_o three_o hundred_o treatise_n upon_o different_a subject_n be_v sometime_o prior._n to_o these_o may_v be_v add_v some_o few_o more_o of_o less_o note_n as_o 1._o spandau_n a_o strong_a town_n on_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o spree_n but_o mean_v and_o inconsiderable_a for_o its_o building_n 2._o oranienburg_n call_v former_o botzaw_v about_o sixteen_o or_o twenty_o english_a mile_n distant_a from_o berlin_n a_o village_n and_o palace_n that_o afford_v the_o great_a variety_n of_o pleasure_n of_o any_o in_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n dominion_n encompass_v on_o every_o side_n with_o most_o delicate_a and_o pleasant_a park_n and_o forest_n well_o stock_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o game_n bisental_a angermund_n liebenwald_n kremme_n nieustadt_n etc._n etc._n have_v nothing_o remarkable_a in_o they_o prenslow_n a_o town_n well_o furnish_v with_o fish_n from_o the_o adjoin_a vcker_n see_v strasburg_n and_o templin_n be_v three_o well_o fortify_v town_n and_o the_o only_a three_o worth_n the_o mention_v in_o the_o vcker-marck_n iii_o newmarck_n newmarck_n lie_v betwixt_o the_o river_n warta_n and_o pomeren_n be_v separate_v from_o the_o middle-marck_n by_o the_o other_o contain_v in_o circuit_n about_o a_o hundred_o english_a mile_n it_o belong_v ancient_o to_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 290_o sell_v it_o to_o otho_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n sigismond_n pawn_v it_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n but_o redeem_v it_o again_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n the_o country_n be_v everywhere_o sufficient_o fruitful_a soil_n soil_n and_o abound_v with_o cornfield_n and_o pasture-ground_n more_o than_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o other_o the_o inhabitant_n plant_v vineyard_n which_o sometime_o though_o rare_o turn_v to_o good_a account_n in_o some_o place_n the_o boar_n find_v now_o and_o then_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o red_a coral_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o precious_a stone_n which_o as_o mr._n cambden_n speak_v of_o the_o like_a treasure_n in_o cumberland_n gemmarii_fw-la minimus_fw-la ab_fw-la egenis_fw-la emunt_fw-la &_o maximo_fw-la revendunt_fw-la the_o only_a town_n in_o the_o new-marck_n which_o merit_v a_o particular_a description_n in_o this_o place_n be_v custrin_n seat_v upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge and_o this_o too_o custrin_n custrin_n not_o many_o age_n ago_o be_v only_o a_o poor_a despicable_a village_n inhabit_v by_o a_o few_o beggarly_a fisherman_n until_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n return_v from_o his_o follow_v the_o war_n under_o charles_n v._o fortify_v the_o place_n with_o rampire_n and_o bulwark_n of_o earth_n about_o the_o year_n 1537._o but_o find_v that_o whatever_o security_n he_o may_v promise_v himself_o from_o these_o fortress_n against_o the_o invasion_n of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n such_o bank_n as_o he_o have_v cast_v up_o be_v easy_o wash_v away_o with_o a_o flood_n he_o soon_o after_o wall_v it_o round_o with_o stone_n and_o it_o be_v now_o become_v the_o key_n of_o the_o new-marck_n the_o invincible_a king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n be_v baffle_v at_o this_o town_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v his_o design_a siege_n and_o withdraw_v his_o army_n which_o before_o that_o time_n know_v not_o how_o to_o leave_v a_o town_n unplunder_v so_o that_o this_o city_n may_v possible_o deserve_v that_o high_a character_n which_o angelius_n a_o werdenhagen_n or_o his_o author_n have_v give_v of_o it_o in_o the_o three_o follow_a distich_n ipsa_fw-la licet_fw-la cunctas_fw-la adducat_fw-la thracia_n vires_fw-la germanis_fw-la certam_fw-la saepe_fw-la minata_fw-la necem_fw-la ipsa_fw-la licet_fw-la cunctas_fw-la ducat_n terra_fw-la itala_n vires_fw-la teutonibus_fw-la magnum_fw-la saepe_fw-la minata_fw-la malum_fw-la nec_fw-la tamen_fw-la humana_fw-la poteris_fw-la delery_a arte_fw-la nec_fw-la vi_fw-la nec_fw-la vigili_fw-la fraud_n dolove_n capi_fw-la the_o burgher_n have_v general_o neat_a and_o well_o furnish_v house_n and_o the_o marketplace_n excel_v any_o in_o the_o whole_a marquisate_n sternberg_n be_v memorable_a for_o nothing_o but_o its_o give_a name_n to_o a_o small_a territory_n adjoin_v and_o dam_n konigsberg_n morin_n banen_n soldin_n landsberg_n with_o some_o other_o may_v be_v reckon_v without_o any_o great_a injury_n do_v they_o among_o the_o village_n rather_o than_o city_n of_o the_o marquisate_n the_o place_n subject_a to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o crossen_n and_o some_o other_o part_n of_o silesia_n and_o lusatia_n shall_v be_v describe_v hereafter_o when_o we_o come_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o country_n to_o which_o they_o more_o immediate_o belong_v the_o dukedom_n of_o magdeburg_n magdeburg_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o all_o historian_n to_o be_v a_o city_n of_o as_o great_a antiquity_n as_o most_o in_o germany_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v of_o
and_o a_o great_a many_o stately_a dwell_a house_n the_o chief_a trade_n of_o the_o citizen_n be_v in_o beer-brewing_a and_o make_v colour_v and_o dress_v several_a sort_n of_o linen_n and_o some_o woollen_a cloth_n zittau_n zittau_n zittau_n or_o sittau_n which_o some_o will_v have_v to_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o susse_v awe_n and_o to_o have_v have_v its_o name_n from_o the_o fresh_a and_o sweet_a water_n on_o which_o it_o be_v seat_v but_o we_o need_v inquire_v no_o further_o after_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n if_o what_o dresser_n report_v be_v true_a that_o on_o a_o grave-stone_n in_o this_o city_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o time_n the_o follow_a inscription_n anno_fw-la christi_fw-la 1021_o idibus_fw-la julii_n obiit_fw-la pia_fw-la &_o illustris_fw-la foemina_fw-la zittavia_n christianissimo_fw-la principi_fw-la manfredo_n nupta_fw-la fundatrix_fw-la &_o dotatrix_fw-la huius_fw-la oppidi_fw-la de_fw-la ejusdem_fw-la nomine_fw-la dicti_fw-la there_o be_v hardly_o any_o thing_n at_o present_a remarkable_a in_o the_o town_n except_o the_o old_a franciscan_a monastery_n which_o since_o the_o reformation_n have_v be_v convert_v into_o a_o hospital_n iv_o leiba_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o lobau_n liben_fw-ge loben_n or_o lubben_n for_o all_o these_o name_n i_o find_v give_v it_o by_o mercator_n and_o other_o note_a geographer_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o one_o of_o the_o old_a town_n in_o these_o part_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n the_o other_o five_o confederate_a city_n of_o lusatia_n use_v always_o to_o send_v their_o deputy_n to_o consult_v at_o this_o place_n in_o time_n of_o any_o common_a calamity_n or_o danger_n it_o be_v seat_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o small_a rivulet_n about_o a_o equal_a distance_n betwixt_o bautzen_n and_o gorlitz_n gird_v round_o with_o a_o delicate_a plain_n and_o pleasant_a meadow_n we_o may_v judge_n of_o the_o riches_n of_o this_o little_a town_n by_o the_o vast_a plunder_v which_o the_o swedish_n army_n confess_v they_o get_v out_o of_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1639_o which_o amount_v to_o a_o sum_n of_o seventy_o thousand_o ricxdollar_n in_o ready_a cash_n beside_o other_o rich_a booty_n v._o luben_n on_o the_o spree_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n in_o this_o place_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v a_o palace_n in_o which_o sometime_o in_o a_o progress_n for_o pleasure_n he_o keep_v his_o residence_n for_o some_o short_a while_n what_o alteration_n be_v here_o in_o the_o late_a civil_a war_n of_o germany_n may_v perhaps_o be_v remember_v by_o some_o of_o the_o ancient_a burgher_n of_o the_o town_n but_o be_v not_o i_o think_v record_v by_o any_o historian_n of_o note_n vi_o guben_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o a_o well_o fortify_v little_a town_n in_o the_o low_a lusatia_n seat_v on_o the_o river_n neisse_n which_o contribute_v very_o much_o to_o its_o strength_n and_o security_n in_o the_o year_n 1631_o immediate_o after_o the_o great_a battle_n of_o leipsick_a the_o imperialist_n fall_v in_o upon_o this_o city_n and_o take_v it_o but_o towards_o the_o late_a end_n of_o october_n be_v drive_v out_o again_o by_o marquis_n hamilton_n at_o that_o time_n a_o commander_n in_o the_o swedish_n army_n who_o come_v sudden_o upon_o they_o put_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n and_o rout_v the_o rest_n but_o the_o poor_a citizen_n be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o in_o the_o year_n 1642_o when_o the_o swedish_n general_n stallhanss_n lie_v before_o it_o for_o three_o week_n together_o and_o the_o poor_a besiege_a saxon_n lay_v block_v up_o and_o destitute_a of_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o ammunition_n be_v at_o last_o force_v to_o surrender_v themselves_o upon_o what_o term_n their_o merciless_a enemy_n will_v propose_v to_o they_o camentz_n lucken_n calow_n with_o many_o other_o may_v pass_v for_o fair_a village_n but_o will_v hardly_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o city_n the_o great_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n many_o and_o various_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o geographer_n touch_v the_o original_n of_o the_o word_n silesia_n or_o schlesien_n to_o speak_v in_o the_o german_a language_n it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o some_o that_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o schless_a a_o small_a river_n which_o fall_v into_o the_o other_o but_o other_o be_v content_a to_o fetch_v it_o from_o the_o elysii_n the_o ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n not_o trouble_v themselves_o to_o dive_v any_o further_a into_o the_o original_n of_o that_o name_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n which_o now_o be_v comprehend_v under_o the_o common_a name_n of_o silesia_n be_v contain_v ancient_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n of_o different_a name_n and_o government_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d pirckheimer_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o country_n about_o bresslaw_n be_v inhabit_v by_o the_o lutiburi_n the_o principality_n of_o sagan_n by_o the_o batini_n the_o dukedom_n of_o oppelen_n by_o the_o sidones_n and_o that_o of_o teschen_n by_o the_o cogni_n to_o these_o simon_n grisbecius_n add_v several_a other_o in_o the_o follow_a distich_n elysiam_fw-la veteres_fw-la ligii_fw-la quadique_fw-la manimi_n marsigni_n clari_fw-la quam_fw-la tenuere_fw-la luij_o and_o to_o these_o the_o learned_a cluverius_n will_v have_v we_o to_o add_v the_o semnones_n osi_n burii_n etc._n etc._n which_o i_o suppose_v be_v no_o more_o than_o so_o many_o distinct_a name_n take_v from_o the_o different_a village_n these_o man_n inhabit_v or_o it_o may_v be_v from_o the_o name_n of_o the_o river_n as_o be_v the_o peculiar_a fancy_n of_o these_o german_a people_n now_o these_o name_n of_o place_n rivers_z etc._n etc._n be_v as_o cureus_n in_o his_o chronicle_n of_o silesia_n assure_v we_o quite_o lose_v and_o forget_v upon_o the_o admission_n of_o the_o polish_v language_n into_o this_o country_n lignitz_n libus_fw-la and_o some_o few_o place_n more_o retain_v their_o primitive_a name_n but_o all_o the_o rest_n be_v as_o appear_v from_o their_o termination_n of_o a_o polish_v extraction_n pliny_n call_v the_o other_o the_o chief_a river_n of_o this_o country_n guttalus_n and_o other_o think_v that_o river_n which_o have_v now_o the_o name_n of_o the_o spree_n be_v by_o the_o ancient_n name_v suevus_n from_o whence_o some_o geographer_n not_o improbable_o have_v conclude_v that_o first_o the_o goth_n and_o afterward_o the_o suevi_n or_o swabe_n be_v former_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o part_n that_o silesia_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n in_o the_o day_n of_o their_o first_o prince_n lechus_n or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a large_a share_n of_o it_o government_n ancient_a government_n down_z as_o far_o as_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n oder_fw-ge seem_v probable_a enough_o from_o the_o testimony_n of_o adam_n bremensis_n and_o helmoldus_n the_o former_a whereof_o begin_v the_o polish_v nation_n from_o the_o eastern_a bank_n of_o that_o river_n which_o the_o late_a make_v the_o utmost_a bound_n eastward_o of_o his_o slavi_n however_o it_o be_v as_o manifest_v that_o the_o ancient_a prince_n of_o germany_n often_o invade_v this_o land_n and_o probable_a enough_o that_o it_o be_v sometime_o tributary_n to_o they_o before_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v day_n we_o have_v but_o little_a of_o history_n concern_v these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n which_o we_o may_v rely_v on_o but_o cureus_n prove_v to_o we_o that_o this_o emperor_n among_o many_o other_o his_o noble_a exploit_n subject_v silesia_n to_o himself_o and_o eginhard_n mean_v the_o same_o thing_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o charles_n the_o great_a overrun_v the_o whole_a country_n betwixt_o the_o rhine_n and_o the_o vistula_n where_o by_o the_o vistula_n it_o be_v evident_a he_o understand_v the_o first_o original_a source_n or_o head_n of_o that_o river_n after_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v day_n we_o have_v yet_o clear_a testimony_n of_o the_o silesian_n pay_v homage_n to_o the_o german_n adam_n bremensis_n a_o historian_n of_o unquestionable_a authority_n speak_v of_o the_o emperor_n ludowic_n the_o godly_a say_v ipse_fw-la boemanos_fw-la sarabos_n susos_n where_o by_o the_o way_n we_o be_v to_o take_v notice_n that_o instead_o of_o silesii_fw-la some_o of_o the_o ancient_a writer_n have_v slesii_n other_o sliusii_n many_o sileucii_n and_o not_o a_o few_o susi_n &_o caeteros_fw-la slavorum_n populos_fw-la ita_fw-la perdomuit_fw-la ut_fw-la tributarios_fw-la efficeret_fw-la whence_o it_o appear_v that_o they_o quick_o throw_v of_o charles_n the_o great_a be_v yoke_n as_o they_o do_v not_o long_o afterward_o his_o son_n be_v too_o for_o helmoldus_n tell_v we_o post_fw-la mortem_fw-la ludovici_n regis_fw-la bohemi_n sorabi_n susi_fw-la &_o slavi_n quos_fw-la ipse_fw-la tributis_fw-la subjecerat_fw-la tunc_fw-la servitutis_fw-la jugum_fw-la excusserunt_fw-la another_o rebellion_n the_o annales_n fuldenses_n mention_n in_o the_o year_n 874_o slavi_n qui_fw-la vocantur_fw-la linones_n &_o sliusi_fw-la eorumque_fw-la vicini_fw-la defectionem_fw-la molientes_fw-la solitum_fw-la dare_v censum_fw-la renuunt_fw-la quos_fw-la