thus excommunicate hath yet both habitual and actual communion in part with the Church either of which is far more then a bare conditionall or potential communion with it and therefore participateth of the essence and ceaseth not wholly to be a member thereof 1. An excommunicate person hath habitual communion with the Church which is real and more then potential though he Habitual should have actual communion this hath largely appeared before for his communion is onely suspended upon expectation of satisfaction and he hath it in desire and in the preparation of mind and the seal of the Covenant viz. baptisme is yet in force upon him 2. Yea such an excommunicate person hath actual commmunion with the Church in many though not all her Ordinances Actual 1. As before in the ordinance of Baptisme 2. In the prayers of the Church which are or ought to be made for him as a person in some relation as a brother to them which he may claime at least if he may not heare 3. In the counsel and exhortations of the Church which doubtlesse is an Ordinance Heb. 11. 25. and to be performed to the excommunicate count him not as an enemy but admonish him as a brother 4. In the Ordinance of excommunication also which is acknowledged to be appointed and ought to be executed as a medicine to heal and not alwayes as a sword wholly to cut off a diseased member the Excommunicate are thereby under the meanes of cure 〈◊〉 1. Cor. 5. the meanes of salvation which no one wholly out of the Church is Yea some conceive that the excommunicate have an actual right in all Ordinances but the Supper and the politick acts of the Niddui Church Niddui among the Jews which is thought to answer to our lesser degree of excommunication did not exclude a man from the Temple as the Talmudists say though according to Drusius he might not come into the Synagogue whence haply Vid. Gillesp Aarons rod. that forme of speech casting out of the Synagogue in Scripture Yet Joh. Coch. thinks that an excommunicate person was not altogether cast out of the Synagogue neither but was permitted to heare and in other things was separate which yet hath some colour from that proverb of the Jews that he that was under Cherem or the greater excommunication non docet non docetur and by this he was distinguished by those under Niddui intimating that such though they might not teach yet they might be taught otherwise there appears to be no difference betwixt them herein That which favours this opinion amongst us is that other Ordinances may be dispensed to Heathens and Publicans a Publican may come into the Temple to pray and an Heathen came into the Church at Corinth to heare and a person thus excommunicate is but an Heathen or a Publican but enough of this I presume not to determine any thing in so nice a Controversie I crave onely leave to conclude that if the excommunicate heare onely as a Heathen and pray onely as a Publican then not as a Church-member which serveth to cut this Observation wholly off from the present question and to break short off the thread of my answer hereto CHAP. XXXIII What doth wholly cut a man off from the visible Church first on Gods part HItherto we have answered negatively and laboured to shew that ignorance wickednesse and excommunication viz. the lesser doth not wholly root up visible Church-membership come we now to give our positive answer and to shew what doth The person that is the subject of this sad change may be considered The person cut off is passive or active in it to be passive in it onely and to be cut off or active also and to cut himself off from the Church If we look upon him as passive in it I mean in the punishment not in the sinne the agent can be none in a strict and principal When the man is passive God is the agent properly sense but God for as the Husband is said most properly to give the wife a bill of divorce though others viz. the administers of the Law be subservient also so God alone hath this prerogative to admit into and cast out of his own Church though the discipline of the Church be used by God therein therefore we are taught by Divines that when the key of the Church erreth God doth not binde in heaven and consequently men are not really bound at all 1. But God may be considered to give this bill of utter divorce two wayes first mediately by the hand of the Church in her God doth divorce 1. Mediately by the Church highest act of punishment if such a one there be called Anathema Maranatha which God doth either by ratifying in heaven what is done accordingly on earth when the Church dares arise to so great and dreadful a judgement as it is said she did against Julian and doth not misapply it or else by putting forth such a judicial sentence against a person known to himself to have sinned the unpardonable sinne though not to the Church as a dismal addition and not onely a ratification of the Churches lesser censure Secondly sometimes God doth put in his own hand and sickle and wholly cut off persons and Churches more immedialy i. e. without 2. Immediately two wayes the meanes or mediation of the Church and that two ways 1. By the stroke of natural death whereby a person if wicked is in 1. By death heavy judgement wholly cut from the Church in all respects but if godly in much mercy wholly cut off from the Church in our present respect viz. as militant to be joyned to Jerusalem above in the glory and triumphs thereof for ever 2. By removing his Ordinances 2. By removing the candlesticks the onely means of Church-communion from the place where such a person or people who have not hearts or fruits answerable do inhabite for otherwise though the Gospel be removed yet if a mans heart be to it indeed he hath habitual communion with all other Churches and power to joyne himselfe to any true Church in the world and to claime actual communion with it as none can doubt though his own former Congregation be dissolved Just thus it was with the ancient Church of the Jews God after many warnings and threatnings when she had stoned the servants and killed the heire and yet still refused her own mercies scorning to be wash'd in the blood her selfe had shed or healed by the wounds she had made God at length giveth commission to his servants in the Gospel and lo they turne to the Gentiles and carry away the light and glory of Israel the golden candlestick of the Gospel and the Where God utterly taking away the means of his Word and worship Acts 15. 46 hath apparently given the bill of divorce Isa 50 1 then are we not to acknowledge any Church at all at this day in Jerusalem
had or be cut off that was never on or cast out that was never within 2. If it be my Opponents judgement that excommunication doth cut a person wholly off this cannot consist with that which we deny viz. that wickednesse doth so too for that which is already done cannot be done againe I meane according to the same act but if wickednesse which is the fault doth put a man wholly out of the Church then the man is wholly out before the censure of excommunication proceeds to do it for the fault is before the penalty and consequently excommunication is prevented in its work and doth not put a man out of the Church Learned Willet saw a necessity of this consequence wherefore having first concluded that excommunication doth cut off from the Church he addes that therefore wicked men are members of the Will. Synop. second controversie of the Church Church de facto though not de jure till cut off accordingly by excommunication 3. Yea if my Opponent affirme that excommunicate persons are yet not wholly cut off from the Church thereby then my conclusion gaineth advantage and forceth it self with greater strength for if excommunication which supposeth wickednesse procuring it doth not wholly cut off much lesse doth wickednesse do so of it selfe without this censure added to it and if wicked persons excommunicate have not lost all title to membership much lesse have wicked persons not Excommunicate thus lost it Object It may be urged here that wicked persons are de jure cast out before men or in the judgement of the Church though not excommunicate and therefore they are so de facto before God Answ This doth not follow for of the two the judgement of the Church is first viz. in nature and therefore the censure of God cannot be first in time the promise is that God will binde what the Church bindes * Heaven waits and expects the Priests sentence here on earth the Lord follows the servant and what the servant rightly binds and looses here on earth that the Lord confirms in heaven Chrysost Hom. 5. in Isa vid. Greg Hom 26 in evang intimating that in ordinary course of proceeding the Church must censure and binde first and then what she bindes on earth God according to his own Word will binde in heaven God who useth to work by means doth this also of casting out of the Church by the means or mediation of his Churches act clave non errante Besides that God doth account wicked persons not excommunicate to be members of his Church or of the number of his people notwithstanding their wickednesse hath I presume so fully appeared from his own words in my former discourse that nothing more can need to be added either to this answer or this Chapter CHAP. XXXII Excommunication doth not put a man wholly out of the Church YEt it may be questioned whether excommunication doth root up membership or break off all relation to the Church It hath been a long question betwixt the reformed Divines and the Papists whether excommunication wholly cut off from the Catholick Church or the Church of the saved though by Catholick the one side meant the invisible Church and the other the visible Our Divines do unanimously assert and undeniably evince that excommunication doth not cut off from the Church invisible though some few of them seem to intimate that it doth cut off from the visible Church Yet with respect to the visible Church they mince their assertion with a conditionaliter and say that upon condition and hope of repentance as Trelcatius or potentia as Willet an excommunicate person is a member of it However I presume they had as good deny them to be members of the visible Church altogether for what doth conditionaliter or potentia add to the excommunicate more then will fit a Turk or Pagan as well as them may it not be said of a Turk or Pagan that he is upon condition of repentance or in potentia a member of the Church both visible and invisible for indeed a person that is no more a member then upon condition of repentance or in power whether excommunicate or not is no more a member then an Heathen that is not at all till the condition be performed and the power be reduced into act for though there be degrees in power and there is a nearer power in the excommunicate then in Heathen yet if he be onely so in power it can onely be said that he may be so and thereby it is intimated that he is not so at all for the present Divines do generally distinguish of two degrees of excommunication the greater and the lesser if this distinction be allowed our present question concerneth the lesser degree of excommunication for I grant that if there be such a degree as the greater called Anathema Maranatha this doth in the usual understanding of it wholly cut off from the visible Church though I crave leave to adde that there are but few footsteps of it in the New Testament and that in the use and extent thereof as it is explained by Divines it belongs to such onely as have sinned the sinne against the holy Ghost and puts men out of the Church without hope of repentance and as accursed till our Lord shall come whereby it is rendred impossible to be inflicted by men before that day of his coming and therefore such as are by necessity cut off from our practice may be very well exempt from our present discourse of choice Now concerning the common censure called the lesser or the lesser degree of excommunication which yet I yeeld to be more then suspension I renue the question whether this doth wholly dismember or cut one wholly off from the visible Church and for the negative I offer Reas 1. If there be two degrees of excommunication then the first degree doth not put a man wholly out of the Church for the gâ—eatest and last degree of excommunication is a Church-censure as well as the first and lesser now if the first degree of excommunication did wholly put out of the Church where iâ—â—here roome for the second if by the first they be put wholly out how shall the latter judgement of the Church reach them for what hath she to do to judge those that are without therefore she judging those that are within with this last censure also they are concluded to be within in some sonse that are capable of such judgement though under the lesser excommunication before Now that there are two such degrees of censure in the power of the Church is not questioned by most that are likely to oppose me in this controversie so that this may serve at least as an argument to them Reas 2. But to the thing such excommunication as we discourse of doth not sever a man from the community of the Church which is its essence nor yet wholly from its communion or its formal actions so that a person though
A DISCOURSE OF THE Visible Church In a large Debate of this famous Question viz. Whether the visible Church may be considered to be truely a Church of Christ without respect to saving grace Affirm Whereunto is added a brief discussion of these three Questions viz. 1. What doth constitute visible Church-membership 2. What doth distinguish it or render it visible 3. What doth destroy it or render it Null Together with a large application of the whole by way of Inference to our Churches Sacraments and Censures Also an Appendix touching Confirmation occasioned by the Reverend Mr. Hanmore his pious and learned Exercitation of Confirmation By FRANCIS FULWOOD Minister of the Gospel at West-Alvington in DEVON I said I will also answer my part I also will shew mine opinion Job 32. 17. For many be called but few chosen Mat. 20. 16. and 22. 14. Rejicimus Catharos Navatianos Pelagianos Anabaptistas qui peccatoribus nullum ne in visibli quidem ecclesia locum relinquunt Alst comp Theol. part 5. loc 8. Christians truely regenerate are the members of the invisible Church It is the duty of the members of the visible Church to be truely regenerate Such are members of the visible that are destitute of saving grace Mr. Cotton of N. E. holinesse of Church members pag. 1. LONDON Printed by Tho. Ratcliffe for Abel Roper at the Sun in Fleetstreet over against St. Dunstans Church 1658. To the HIGHLY RENOWNED EDWARD CRESSET Esquire Master of that most famous Hospital called the CHARTER-HOVSE and one of the Honourable Trustees for maintenance of MINISTERS FRANCIS FULWOOD Formerly a Plant in that Excellent NURSERY Being earnestly pressed thereunto by many Obligations of duty and gratitude Doth with all Humility and due respectfulnesse DEVOTE and DEDICATE this Polemical DISCOURSE of the CHURCH c. TO THE READER OUR Reverend brother Mr. Francis Fulwood having taken great pains upon this question viz. whether the visible Church may be considered to be truely a Church of Christ without respect to saving grace which we conceive to be a subject both weighty and seasonable We the Ministers of that part of the second division of the County of Devon who are appointed to meet at Kings-bridge do earnestly desire him to make these his worthy labours publick we being fully perswaded that they will prove very useful and acceptable to the Churches of God in this Nation now so much troubled with this great Controversie Kingsbridge in Devon Jan. 5. 1657. Signed by Robert Cary Moderator John Buckley Scribe In the Name and by the Appointment of the Rest TO THE REVEREND MY FATHERS and BRETHREN The Associated Ministers in the County of DEVON Reverend and Worthy Sirs YOu well know that the Reformed Churches have ever since they deserved that name been militant on both hands with the Papist on the one and with the Brownist Anabaptist c. on the other Against whom their first and maine scope was indeed to defend themselves to be the Churches of Christ yet in pursuit of Argument 't is very evident they were still driven to contend for the very being and nature of the Church Rejicimus catharos novatianos Pelagianos Anabaptistas qui peccatoribus nullum ne invisibili quidem ecclesia locum Relinqunt Alst Comp. Theae par 5. loc 1â— in general chiefly as invisible against the Papist and as visible against the Brownist c. The Brownist I humbly conceive assaulted the Reformed Churches with these two Positions 1. That a Church wherein there is a mixture of wicked persons at least tolerated cannot be a true Church 2. That none but the Elect or the truely godly are members of the visible Church 'T is confest this leaven was laid in the Church long agon Andiani pâ—opter hominum vitia coetum Orthodoxae ecclesiae deseruit quod donatistarum erroris postoa suit seminarium Dan. in Aug. de Her p. 976 even in the time of Cyprian as Augustine observeth and afterward kneaded in the lump by Donatus and its sournesse diffused very farre by the heat of his followers yet it was timely and effectually purged out by the learned and elaborate industry and wonderful success of Augustine But this ulcer broke sadly out again upon the Reformation and notwithstanding as to hic and nunc to time and place The Church hath been hitherto competently healed of it through the zealous instant and effectual endeavours of many of her champions yet grievous experience hath still found that at other times or in other places the botch hath risen and broke afresh with a more noisome stench and a more spreading and infecting nature then ever it had done before how evident and notorious is this in our calamitous Churches in England at this day how doth this disease range and its corruption spread over us having gotten its throne in the very heart of the people Wherefore I having also been formerly called forth both to a vocal and Scriptural defence of our Churches against A Sermon and dispute had at Wiviliscome in Somerset and Printed 1654 the first of these errours and there being some special occasion arising from some late scruples among my neighbouring brethren inviting me to deal with this latter of them this also being looked upon not by my self alone but by divers godly and Learned Divines to be the very core and root of most of our Controversies both about our Churches Sacraments and Censures I desire that this may be accepted to you my Reverend Brethren as all the publick Apology I thought fit to set before this my great and bold yet humble undertaking However I shall crave your patience a little longer while I shall labour to prevent mistake and unjust prejudices against the Treatise by setting down my minde as clearly as I can in a few following particulars 1. And first I am fully perswaded that such as have for their scandal of the brethren been justly excommunicated by the Church ought not to be received into communion again without the evidence of such repentance as is in the judgement of rational charity saving for the end of the censure is that the flesh of the offender may be destroyed and the spirit saved and in reason the means should remain applied till the cure be in likelihood done 2. Againe I fully consent with that Reverend man Master James Wood that such as have notorious marks of impenitency or unregeneracy upon them ought not while such notwithstanding the profession to be admitted or received into the communion of the Church at first though I dare not determine what is the true and next reason of their repulsion Mr. Wood saith the reason is not because they appear unregenerate but because a scandalous life is contrary to the very outward profession of the faith But may I have leave to demand how contrary certainly not so contrary to it but that it is consistent with it otherwise a scandalous Professour of the faith would be a contradiction and
so but though the Church may be sometimes obscured it never loseth its visibility or ceaseth to be visible So Ames ecclesia nunquam planè desinit esse visibilis Med. p. 166. 39 quamvis enim aliquando viz usquam appareat ecclesia tam pura c. ecclesia tamen aliquo modo visibilis exist it in illa ipsa impuritate cultus professionis which we may take in English in those pertinent words of Master Fox the right His protestation before his Acts and Monuments Church saith he is not so invisible in the world as none can see it The Scripture-Church is most properly the Church of Christ this none can well deny But now the visible Church is the Scripture-Church as appeares from the Doctrine of Scripture about the Church the examples the parts the Ordinances and number of Scripture-Churches First the Doctrine of the Scripture about the Church is generally such as agreeth onely with the Church-visible viz. as made up of tares and wheat good and bad Elect and reprobate c. Yea the very word Church in Scripture as some affirme is not more then once taken for the Church-invisible which is Heb. 12. 23. though that very place is by some Reverend Divines understood of the Church-visible also for it was already come into by persons then alive ye are come therefore the Church on earth and it was a Church that had Ordinances in it v. 25. therefore the visible But if it should be granted as Master Blake observes that in this place and in two or three more the Scripture meaneth the Church invisible which is as much as can be pretended unto yet doubtlesse that which is the ordinary language of the holy Ghost which he useth most often and almost always is that which is most proper 2. It also appears from the examples of Scripture-Churches De quâ solâ ecclefiâ praesumptivâ c. Dav. Detern p. 218. ex spalatensi for have not even all these a mixture of corrupt and wicked members and is such a mixture compatible with the Church invisible or what Churches can such be but visible therefore saith Davenant all such Scriptures and assertions of the fathers as speak of this mixture of good and bad in the Church are to be understood of the presumptive or visible Church 3. It further appeares by the parts of the Scripture-Church which are generally such as are onely to be found in the visile Church that the Scripture-Church is the visible Church The parts of the Scripture-Church are generally Priest and people Pastors and flock the Rulers and the ruled the Catechisers and the catechized and the like as both the Old and New Testament abundantly testifie Now in the Church invisible there are no such parts no such relations no such officers but all are members but Christ the head therefore the Scripture-Church wherein these parts and officers as such are viz. Priests Prophets Apostles Bishops Pastors Elders Deacons Rulers Cetechizers c. must needs be the visible Church Fourthly that the Scripture-churche is the visible Church appears moreover by the dispensation of Ordinances fixed therein which is proper and peculiar to the visible Church in all the Scripture-Churches we finde a dispensation of the Word Sacraments discipline the dispensation whereof is in the hands of men who are onely capable of dealing with the Church as visible yea the dispensation it self is visible and all will readily grant that these Ordinances are all of them peculiar to the visible Church the attendance of the Church upon them being the most eminent and remarkable meanes of rendring the Church her self to be visible Lastly this yet farther appears from the number of the Scripture-churches they are many the Church at Rome Corinth Galatia Ephesus Colosse Philippi Thessalonica Pergamus Thyatira c. Whereas the invisible Church is also indivisible 't is but one and not to be divided into any more therefore the Scripture-church which is thus actually divided must needs be the visible Church Arg. 5. My last Argument is taken from the Name Church and may be this The visible Church in its nature doth not properly answer to the name Church therefore it is most properly the Church for that thing which doth in its nature most properly answer to such a name must needs be the thing most properly which that name doth signifie Now the nature of the visible Church may be observed to answer to the name Church in a most proper signification both in English Latine Greek and Hebrew 1. In English the word Church doth in a true and direct propriety of speech signifie nothing but that which is the Lords and may be conceived to imply the Lords people or the Lords house Die Kyrchen nuxcupant ipsum Dei populum Domum in quo hic congregatur ad cultum Dei Vid. Bul. Dec. p. 135. it seemes to be taken from the German word Kurch which also alludeth haply to the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dominica which as Bullinger observes they used to understand both of the people and the house of the Lord where the people of the Lord used to assemble and indeed of both as they have relation one to the other Now if the name Church intend the people of the Lord meeting together in one place to attend on the worship of God we need not much trouble our selves for its proper application to the visible Church 2. In Lattine the Church is called Congregatio the Congregation or the people gathered together answering haply to the Hebrew which may also be here taken notice of Katial 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Congregavit Now doth not this name also most properly agree with the nature and reason of the visible Church is it not a local gathering together that most properly constitutes a Congregation and is not this most proper to the particular and consequently to the visisible Church therefore is she also called an Assembly a body a City a Kingdom none of which but most properly resemble the Church as visible 3. Lastly the Church in Greek is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which most directly imports a people called out of the world as anon more largely Indeed the term from or out of which the Church is called is not expressed in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 yet all agree that it is as necessarily implied in it Now this sense of the word Church most properly and exactly intendeth the Church-visible this being most apparently and properly called out of the world as easily appeareth For the world here must be understood to be either the world of the ungodly or the world of infidels but it cannot be understood of the world of the ungodly because there is still a mixture of the Church and the world in this sense according to that of our Saviour I pray not that thou shouldst take them out of the world then if the world out of which the Church is called be
great meanes of the former viz. his glory as Szegedine exactly teacheth the end of the Church is the true Finalis causa ecclesiae est verus Dei cultus ordinata enim est ecclesia ad verum Dei cultum ad glorificandum Deum Szeged p. 2â—6 Theol. Instit p. 215. Quae causa finalis ecclesiae verus Dei cultus Bucan de eccl lo. 441. p. 477. worship of God for the Church is ordained for the true worship of God that he might be glorified which Trelcatius hath handsomely couched together saying that the visible Church is instituted ad cultum gloria Dei for the worship of the glory of God now as that which is suborainate hereunto the visible Church is made the seat and subject of all visible administrations whereby also the wicked in the Church may be left without excuse the Elect converted the converted edified the visible Kingdom of the Devil vanquished Christs visible Kingdom advanced and the Nations of the earth openly gained to a visible subjection thereunto in due season Secondly these are the real uses and proper ends of the visible Church For 1. The visible Church as such hath a neer aptnesse and kindlinesse Medium est aptum utile fini in it and is per se and sua natura useful hereunto viz. for the keeping and upholding the glory and worship of God in the world as none will deny seeing God is herein truely owned visibly professed submitted unto obeyed and worshipped according to his will and that with such a smooth and easie tendency as naturally Quod sua natura utile est ad aliquid efficiendum propter illud esse videtur â—ows from the visible Church as such Now it is a maxime that that which is apt of it selfe and according to its own free nature for the effecting of any thing seemeth to have its being for that very thing and by consequence that thing is truely and properly the end thereof 2. The visible Church as such is necessary for the obtaining of these ends without it what glory would redound to God in the world or what worship where else would visible Ordinances be fixt and dispens'd how would the visible Kingdome of Christ be advanc'd the visible Kingdome of Satan subverted How would hypocrites in the Church be inexcusably judged or the Elect be ordinarily saved if there were no visible Church Quod alio quo piam indiget vt acquiratur hujus finis est Sinâ— quo quicquam existere non potest in naturâ id est illi necessarium atque propter illud factum Now the Rule is that that which wants another thing for its own attaining is the end of that other thing but these particulars want the visible Church for their obtaining therefore they are the ends thereof which is evidently grounded by Scaliger upon that necessity that there is of the means in order to the end which is the thing I am urging for saith he that thing is necessary for another when that other cannot exist in nature without it and therefore this was made for that other and consequently that other thing for which this was made is the end thereof Here is a double necessity of the visible Church for the ends specified Necessitas â— Of the means i. e. without which these ends cannot 1. Medii be attained this hath been now spoken to 2. Of the ends i. e. where this means of the visible Church is there these in some true 2. Finis measure do of necessity follow which might serve us another evidence that the ends before are true and proper ends of the visible Church for quo existente necessario prâ—ducitur aliquod bonum hoc est aut videtur esse illius finis 3. God himself hat ordained the visible Church for the ends specified Praecepti vel institutionis therefore 't is yet further necessary for them viz. with a necessity of divine ordination and institution and then there is no ground of doubting left but that they are true and proper ends thereof Hath not God ordained the visible Church to put his name there to be the ground and pillar of his truth that he might have a praise and a name in the Earth and in one word that those that worship him might glorifie his Name Psalme 89. Finis rei est sua operatio Operatio est usus vel actus ad quâ—m ordinatur now if so are not these the ends for which God hath ordained the visible Church the end of a thing is but its operation and operation in this logical sense is but that use or act for which any thing is ordained by God in nature or by God in Scripture the latter of which we are now upon and therefore I shall rather choose to expresse iâ— in the worâ—ds of a Divine lately cited the Church is ordained by God for his true worship that he might Szâ—gid p. 226 be glâ—rified and therefore the end of the Church is the worship of God Thirdly as these are proper ends of the visible Church so the visible Church is truely a means of them and may be so considered without respect unto saving grace for what necessity of saving grace can we imagine to the attaining of the foresaid endâ— the glory of God in his visible worship before the eyes of men much lesse what possible necessity is theâ—e for our having respect unto saving grace when we truely consider thereof doth mens attending upon publick Ordinances essentially depend upon their saving grace or cannot we truely consider thereof but we must suppose the men savingly gracious do not the common effects of the spirit in illuminating conviacing of sinne and of necessity of attending on the means of grace for peace and salvation work men out of conscience to a constant and solemn dependance thereupon and yet none will say that any particular thus expressed doth necessarily suppose a saving work yea the end which is neerest and most generally allowed to the visible Church viz. the worship of the glory of God may doubtlesse be obtained by a great deal lesse viz. by a visible profession of and submission to that way of worship that the Lord hath ordained which doth not of necessity require such a great degree of common grace as before was specified True grace is indeed necessary to work out our own salvation But we are wont to say that gifts which do not necessarily suppose true grace are onely necessary to work on others especially in the way of the worship of God for the advancing of his name and glory thereby to the world 'T is also true that saving grace is necessary to the acceptance of our worship before God I mean to a plenary acceptance for some we read of that found some measure of true acceptance in their serving of the Lord though without saving grace But yet not necessary for the effecting of Gods glory before men that
sometimes fit and sometimes not fit when the Church is an actual meeting and not fit when she hath adjourned to another time Therefore this definition a society called out of the world to the worship of the true God being fit to expresse the nature both of the universal and the particular visible Church and that at all times and states thereof it may I think be yeelded to be a proper definition thereof Now to draw up this discourse I shall onely further intimate that the definition of the visible Church may be truely considered to be such and truely applicable to the visible Church without any respect to saving grace as appears to the very first glance of our observation from the definition fix'd upon viz. that it is a society of men called â—ut of the world to the worship of God who will be so ventrous as to question either the fitness of this definition or its applicablenesse to the visible Church without respect to saving grace For 1. All the parts that are either essential or necessary or fit for this definition of the Church have appeared before to be thus truely applicable thereunto without respect to saving grace therefore the whole is so likewise 2. All particular definitions now mentioned except one are to be truely considered without respect to saving grace without any colour of question much lesse controversie and that one viz of Ames is nothing against us seeing Ames his judgement is for us and himself alloweth such persons a place in the Church as he will not allow if we understand him any place in the definition of the Church as before is noted 3. Therefore these very Authours take occasion to acquaint us that the Church which they thus define containeth Hypocrites as well as the Elect and that with the joint consent of the reformed Divines which I doubt not abundantly to make to appear when we speak upon the head of humane Testimony CHAP. XVI Objections answered and the true sense of the reformed Divines considered who say the invisible Church is onely the true Church BEfore we passe on to that way of arguing termed inartificial namely from authority we think fit to consider a few objections which may be called artificial and leave the other Objections which arise from Scripture and the judgement of the Church to be handled I think more methodically after my arguments thence The first and indeed the onely considerable objection against me is this Object 'T is confest that there is but one true Church 't is also confest that the invisible Church is one true Church but now the Church invisible cannot be considered to be truely such without respect to saving grace therefore neither the Church visible Answ I answer that in general this argument is justly exceptible against because before it reacheth the conclusion of my opponent it evidently concludeth that which I presume himself renounceth viz. that the visible Church is in no respect at all either with or without saving grace to be truely a Church of Christ that this is the first conclusion of the argument is most obvious from the two first propositions 1. 'T is said there is but one true 2. The invisible is one true Church What now doth force it self from hence but therefore the visible is no visible Church somewhat a strange conclusion unknown I think to all the ages of the Church before us and such as imposed upon the providence of God to have entrusted this whole worship and Ordinances in the hands of a false Church 2. Hereby also we have a quick dispatch of the present controversie for what need we reach any further after the thing before us viz. whether the visible Church may be considered to be truely a Church of Christ without this respect to saving grace if it be first concluded that there is no visible Church at all 3. But more directly I answer by denying at least one of these things either 1. That the one true Church is the Church invisible Or 2. That though the one true Church be invisible yea and this invisible Church cannot be considered to be truely such without respect to saving grace yet it followeth not that the visible Church may not be considered to be truely a Church of Christ without respect to saving grace 1. I might deny with fairnesse enough that the one true Church is properly the Church invisible until my arguments above for the contrary are answered till when the present objection can challenge no answer 2. But here I shall rather deny the consequence and that though I grant the invisible Church to be the onely true Church and that this cannot be truely considered as such without respect to saving grace yet the visible Church is a true Church and may be considered to be truely such without respect to saving grace the reason is because these attributes of visible and invisible though they are given to the same subject the Church yet in diverse respects which appears by this argument if they are to be taken in the same respect and visibility be as none will deny an inseperable adjunct of the Church then there is no invisible Church for to say as Ames saith the Church never ceaseth to be visible and there is an invisible Church if visible and invisible here be to be taken in the same respect is a plaine contradiction now the consideration of the divers respect wherein the same Church is said to be visible and invisible detects the fallacy of the former Argument thus the Church with respect to its saving faith and to those persons that have this saving faith is said to be invisible this faith being not seen and these persons not to be certainly known And againe the same Church with respect to its profession and the persons therein that own the same in the eyes of the world is truely said to be visible So that though there be but one Church there is a Church invisible and a Church visible And again though this Church as invisible cannot be considered to be truely such without respect to saving grace seeing it is therefore said to be invisible because of its saving grace and the subjects thereof cannot be seen or certainly known by men yet this Church in its visible consideration or as it is the visible Church may be considered to be truely such without respect to saving grace seeing that which renders it thus visible hath no necessary dependance upon saving grace as Reverend Hudson saith well the Church is considered to be visible and invisible à duplici modo communionis externae internae visible with respect to its external way of communion which doth not suppose saving grace and invisible with regard to its internal way of communion which doth suppose saving grace This is doubtlesse the plaine sense of the reformed Protestant Churches as is clearly stated by that eminent patron thereof Med. p. 165 Dr. Ames his words are known The Militant Church
whether there be a Church invisible i. e. such in the Church as are in a higher sense the children of God the members of Christ and in a state of salvation then others who may also be called a Church in a distinct consideration to the rest of visible professors which the Church of Rome denieth and the reformed assert and maintain against them Neither indeed is the controversie so much about the nature of the visible as about the being of the invisible Church every one knows that there is a vast difference about the head about the succession and about the visibility of pomp and multitude and about the infallibility of the visible Church betwixt us and them yet about the nature and definition of the visible Church the difference is but small the whole burthen thereof resting upon the nature being and definition of the Church invisible I shall presume to give my reader one famous instance of this from the great late controversie of the present point in France betwixt Mons Mestrezate and Cardinal Perron as is to read at large in an excellent Treatise written in French by that Learned Monsieur whereof please yet to take this short account He begins his book with a necessity of distinguishing â—he Church before he cometh to the definition of it his distinction is founded in divers respects viz. 1. â—he internal 2. The external state of the Church he gives us the notion of the Church in Scripture viz. 1. For a visible society of Christians 2. The invisible condition of Christians The first he builds on these places Col. 4. 16. 1 Cor. 14. 12 19 23. Acts 14. 22. Gal. 1. 13. Act. 8. 3. 2 Cor. 8. 1. Gal. 1. 1. 2 Cor. 1. 1. 2 Thes 1. 1. Apoc. 1. 4. and 2. 23. The second he builds upon Eph. 5. 25 23. Eph. 1. 22 23. Eph. 5. 29 30. Heb. 12. 23. According to this distinct acceptation of the word Church in Scripture he proceeds to distinguish of the Church more properly which he saith is the nuptial body of Christ and the Church lesse properly is the outward communions visible societies of Christians then he addresseth to his definitions of the Church thus diversly considered The first saith he is the body or multitude of those whom God according Lib. 1. cap. 4 to the eternal counsel of his election hath drawn out of their natural corruption and perdition by the Minstery of his word and the power of his Spirit incorporating them into Jesus Christ by true faith and sanctification unto life eternal now upon this rests the dispute for the last viz. the visible Church he agrees in most part with the Cardinal in this definition The Church is a society of those whom God hath called unto salvation Lib. 2. cap. 1 by the profession of the true faith and a sincere administration of the Sacraments by lawful Ministers Whence we conclude that the difference betwixt us and the Papists is not much about the nature of the visible Church both are agreed that it is a Church and that it is such a Church for the most part as the Monsieur hath here defined but chiefly about the Church invisible But before I close here methinks I am tempted to cry 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and that I have now hit the very sense of the reformed Divines touching the nature of the Church invisible and visible they clearly hold that there is but one Church and yet they do so distinctly consider this one Church in its strict and large acceptation For the militant and Catholick Churches are not all one in state by reason whereof they may be in one which are not in the other Whites way to the true Church or as visible and invisible that any one that gives the lightest observation thereunto must needs confesse that their definitions thereof do more then accidentally differ and therefore essentially which two things are reconciled onely by granting that when they define the Church strictly taken they define but one part of the Church when largely taken and when they define the Church largely taken they conclude the Church strictly taken under some general attribution which equally or at least joyntly admits both of the Elect and reprobate which are Heterogeneous matter yet united in one society the visible Church as before is explicated Yet would I with all modesty submit this and what else I have or shall conceive and write to the judgement of my abler brethren knowing that the spirit of the Prophets is subject to the Prophets CHAP. XVII The first Argument from Scripture God calls a wicked people his people and his Church THe arguments usually termed artificiall with their objections have been hitherto insisted on we shall therefore descend in the next place to take the evidence of testimony both divine and humane of God and the Church The records of divine authority and testimony are the holy Scriptures Whence our first argument is offered thus God is pleased in the Old Testament to own such a people for his people and Christ in the new for his Church which at the very same time he himself universally brands as wicked rebellious evil-doers back-sliders c. and taketh no notice at all of any good thing in them therefore surely a people may be considered to be truely a people of God and a Church of Christ without respect unto and upon other terms besides saving grace Here now what I have writ I read over againe and againe yet must I seriously professe that I cannot foresee any colourable answer that is to be given to this Argument He that hath but a slight knowledge in the holy Scripture must needs confesse the antecedent and he that hath but a very slight reason me thinks cannot but yeeld the consequence 1. For the antecedent viz. that God and Christ do thus acknowledge a wicked people at the very same time when such their wickednesse is charged upon them for their own people and Church is so legible in the whole course of the Scripture that truely to heap instances and proof upon it would be to weaken it I shall onely therefore fix my reader upon one undeniable instance in each Testament according to the parts of my proposition That in V. T. is Isa 1. 2 3 4 5 6. where the Lord himselfe doth very eminently and above all kinde of contradiction both charge and acknowledge a people as before is asserted 1. Then observe how he is pleased to charge them And 2. To own and acknowledge them The charge is observable In 1. The matter of it 2. The extent of it the charge in the matter of it is that they are ignorant and inconsiderate ver 3. rebellious against the Lord that nourished 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 them and brought them up v. 2. or magnified and exalted them as the Interlineary translates it or brought up and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Arabick exalted as the vulgar Lattine
against the errors of the Schismatical Aug. lib. de correp gr cap. 9. de don persev c. 8 Sect. And least it should be thought that the heat of dispute should have transported him he giveth us his judgement most clearly and fully upon other occasions about it as before we noted after Dr. Fulk Augustine teacheth us that such as shall certainly fall away and that finally and consequently such as have no saving grace according to their present state that is while they abide with the Church they are truely members thereof Again in the same place upon those known words of the Apostle they were not of us that is saith he they were not of the number of the sons even when they were of the faith of the sons what he means by sonship here he telleth us in his reason in the next words because they that are the sonnes indeed are foreknown and Ecclesia etiam mali sunt imo bonis multo plures ut in co rum comparatione pauci sunt de unit eccles cap. 12 predestinated these men therefore were of the many that were called but of the few that were chosen they were not yea in another place he assureth us that there are not onely evil men in the Church but indeed so many as that the good being compared with them are but a few CHAP. XXII The judgement of the Protestant Writers searched after THe second eminent point of occasion was sharpened by Bellarmine Stapleton the Rhemists and other Papists by their envy and malice against the Reformation falsely charging the doctrine thereof concerning the visible Church to be that none are truely members of it but such as are elected or such as have saving grace Hereby the Patrons of our Protestant and reformed cause are provoked to answer for us and what is their answer do they Am. Ant. Bel. Tom. 2. l. 2. c. 1 n. 5 acknowledge the charge to be just or do they not with Ames cry falsum est it is false that we require internal vertues or saving grace to render one a member of the visible Church according to the outward state thereof Accordingly Dr. Fulk wipes off the like aspersion cast upon us by the Rhemists the visible Church saith he hath both Fulk upon the Rhemists on Mat. 22. 14 Elect and reprobate in it but the Chatholick Church invisible which is the body of Christ consisteth onely of Gods Elect the true members of his body thus you know speaking to the Rhemists right-well but that you are disposed to slander us wheresoever you can take occasion to blinde the ignorant by ambiguity or generality or double understanding of any word Againe the Jesuite having charged us falsly in these words the onely reason by which hereticks hold the Church to be invisible because they imagine the Church to consist onely of the elect or at Whites way to the true church least of the good White not more generally then boldly answers Here the Jesuite bewraieth either hid ignorance or malice let him if he can for the credit of his Word shew where any of those whom he calleth Hereticks do teach or affirme that the Church militant whereof the question is consisteth of the Elect onely Whereupon also Whitaker saith that Bellarmine ought to Debuit Bellar. probare in ecclesia Catholica c. Whita Contro secund qu. pri cap. 7 prove that there are both good and bad in the Catholick that is the invisible Church which when he goeth about to prove from the Parables of the barn-floor c. he ought to understand by the barn-floore in this place not the Catholick but the particular Church in which we confesse that there are both good and bad To whom Doctor Reynolds in his defence of the Church Reynolds in his second thesis which consists of the Elect alone fully accords the wicked saith he must needs be a part of the Church if the name of the Church did signifie the visible Church and we call it consisting of the good and bad Famous Willet also addeth his testimony hereunto when in answer Willet Synop. of the Church to the Papists he openly and freely acknowledgeth that such as do not truely beleeve whom he calleth close infidels are of the visible Church viz. de jure yea and that open sinners are of the visible Church de facto until they be excommunicated Our industrious Fox is very distinct in the point which visible Church saith he having in it self a difference of two sorts Fox Act c. p. 27. of people so it is divided into two parts of which the one standeth of such as be of outward profession onely the other which by election inwardly are joyned to Christ the first are in the visible Church but not in the invisible We have before occasionally noted the consent of Pareus distinguishing the Church of the called from the Church of the Elect Pareus Polanus Bullâ—nger Ravanellus Wollebius Gomarus Apollonius c Vid. etiam Mel. part sept p. 33 Ociand Enchir p. 126 Polanus reckoning the invisible to be but a part not the whole of the visible Church Bullinger Ravanellus c. who distinguish the Church by a large and a strict acceptation and account the visible to be of larger extent then the Church invisible and with Wallebius Gomarus Apollonius and even all the reformed Divines define the Church largely taken viz. the visible Church to containe within it both good and bad elect and reprobate Master Hooker thus reasoneth all are of necessity either Christians or not Christians if by external profession they are Christians Hook eccles pol. p. 84 they are of the visible Church and Christians by external profession they all are whose mark of recognisance hath in it those things which we have mentioned one Lord one Faith one Baptisme yea although they be impious idolaters wicked Hereticks person excommunicable yea and cast out for notorious improbilities yet such we deny not to be Imps and limbs of Satan even as long as they continue such Field assureth us not onely of his own but even of the judgemen Field p. 12 13 14 of such as are most liable to exception in the case and confidently telleth us that the meaning of Wickliffe Husse and others who defined the Church to be a multitude of the Elect was not as if they thought them onely to pertaine to the Church and no others but because they onely pertaine unto it principally fully effectually and finally c. Externally those are within the Covenant though they have not for the present that sound work of faith and may be never shall Hook survey p. 36. Mr. Cobbet confesseth or asserteth rather that there is a Mr. Cobbet Concl. 3. in his just vindication Vid his Book of Inf. Bap. p. 57 Bish Usher sum of Relig. p. 396 Vid. Cottons way p 1 Expos in 39. Art p. 87. bare external being in the Covenant of grace