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A64463
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The texts examined which papists cite out of the Bible to prove the supremacy of St. Peter and of the Pope over the whole church.
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Scott, John, 1639-1695.
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1688
(1688)
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Wing T826; ESTC R6438
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34,807
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58
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The TEXTS examined which Papists cite out of the Bible TO PROVE The Supremacy of St. PETER and of the POPE over the whole Church IMPRIMATUR Guil. Needham Febr. 14. 1687. THE Question to be debated in this Paper is Whether the Apostle St. Peter was constituted by Christ himself to be in his stead the Head and supreme Governour of the whole Church This we deny having undeniable Proofs that all the Apostles were placed by Christ in equal Power and Authority over his Church But the Doctors of the Roman Church affirm this with so much Confidence as to say that to deny it is not a simple Error but a pernicious Heresy They are the words of Bellarmine * L. 1. de Rom. Pontif. c. 10 11. who earnestly contends that the Government of the whole Church was committed to Peter especially about Matters of Faith. Which bold Assertion he labours to support three ways First By some places of Holy Scriptures Secondly By many Privileges and Prerogatives of St. Peter Thirdly By Testimonies of Greek and Latin Fathers I am concerned only in the first of these Ways in which if this Cause find no true support we need not trouble our selves about the other two which are so weak that some ingenuous Persons in their Communion have acknowledged the Prerogatives are either feigned at pleasure or no more to the purpose of his Supremacy than the pretended Testimonies of Ancient Fathers which are against it Now the Scriptures which they alledg for the proof of it are two places in the holy Gospels The one in St. Matthew xvi 18 19. the other in St. John xxi 17. In the former of these this Supreme Authority they say is promised to St. Peter in the latter it is conferred I begin with the first Matth. xvi 18 19. And I say unto thee that thou art Peter and upon this Rock I will build my Church c. And I will give unto thee the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven and whatsoever thou shalt bind o◠Earth shall be bound in Heaven and whatsoever thou shalt loose on Earth shall be loosed in Heaven The Sense of which words says Bellarmine is plain and obvious giving us to understand the Soveraignty over the whole Church to be here promised unto Peter in two Metaphors The one is a Metaphor of a Foundation and a Building the other is a Metaphor of Keys For what a Foundation is in the Building that the Head is in the Body the Governour in the City the King in his Kingdom and the Father of the Family in the House and to whom the Keys of a City are delivered he is appointed the King or at least the Governour of that City to admit and shut out whom he pleaseth Unto which I have this to say before I give the true Sense of these words That to call this a plain and obvious Sense of the words which is wrapt up in a couple of Metaphors is to stumble at the very Threshold and to contradict himself in the terms as they ordinarily speak For what is metaphorical is not plain and obvious but needs Explanation by putting it into common words Into which if these Metaphors be reduced we shall find there is no such Sense contained in them as is pretended I shall explain them distinctly and begin with the former part of this Promise Thou art Peter and upon this Rock I will build my Church which we may call the first Proof they bring of St. Peter's being the Monarch of the Church I. Which Sense is so far from being plain and obvious that having considered both the words and all the ancient Expositors upon them I can find nothing plainer than these two things First That there is no certainty St. Peter is here meant by the Rock upon which Christ saith he will build his Church Nor Secondly If he were that Christ intended by calling him a Rock to make him the Lord of his Church First I say there is no Evidence that St. Peter is here meant by the Rock but quite contrary we are led by the general stream of Ancient Interpreters to understand by the Rock upon which the Church is built that Faith concerning Christ which Peter had newly confessed There are more than two that thus expound the words for one that expounds them otherwise as may be seen in a Sermon lately printed on this Subject * Sermon on St. Peter's day 1686. which shows also that the other Expositions do not really differ from this but even they who apply these words to St. Peter had respect in calling him the Rock to his preaching the Doctrine of Christ and having the honour to be the first Preacher of it to the Gentiles Which is all the Priviledg that can be thought to be peculiarly intended to him in these words For excepting this whatsoever was said to him was directed to all the Apostles because Peter as their Mouth spake the Sense of them all when he said Thou art Christ the Son of the Living God and therefore Christ's Answer was returned to them all when he said Thou art Peter and upon this Rock will I build my Church As much as to say Thou art what thy Name imports which I have given thee with respect to this solid Faith thou hast now confessed upon which as upon a Rock I will build my Church by your Ministry and particularly by thine who shalt have the Honour to lay the first Stone of it in the Gentile World. Thus St. Austin †Tract exxiv in Joh. Serm. xiii de verbis Dom c. expounds the words in many places where he observes Peter had his Name from Petra the Rock viz. That Faith which he confessed upon which Christ told him he would build his Church For he doth not say Thou art Peter and upon thee will I build my Church but upon this Rock which plainly relates to another thing viz. that immoveable Foundation confessed by Peter that he was Christ the Son of God. Whence those known words of the same Father I will build thee upon me not me upon thee If it were the intention of this Paper to quote Testimonies I could name a great multitude even the ordinary Gloss which speak to the same purpose But it is wholly needless since the other Exposition which makes St. Peter the Rock here spoken of is against the most unanimous consent of the Fathers of the Church which they of the Church of Rome are bound to follow both by the Doctrine of the Council of Trent * Sess iv and by the form of that Oath of Profession of Faith which Pope Pius IV. drew up and enjoined according to the Mind of that Council And yet so vilely are some addicted to regard nothing but their Interest there are those who to make these words sound as if Christ promised to build his Church upon Peter himself have not blush'd thus to translate them Thou art Peter and upon this PETER will
this sort of feeding must be allowed to others but he alone was to rule and govern in chief to feed by Authority and Power over all whereby he was to prescribe what was to be taught and believed But this is to return where we were before to the signification of the Word Feed which cannot mean one thing with respect to Peter and another with respect to the rest but signifies the same Power be it what it will common to them all If this need any further Explication those Words of our Lord Go and teach all Nations Matth. xxviii 19. Go ye into all the World and preach the Gospel unto every Creature Mark xvi 15. will satisfy us that Peter had no peculiar Authority conferred on him above the other Apostles For he gave this Charge to them all and it was ushered in with a far more magnificent Preface to it than when he spake here particularly to Peter for he first acquaints them with his own Supreme Authority saying All Power is given unto me in Heaven and in Earth and then adds Go ye therefore and teach all Nations c. which is a Commission as large as could be given to Men including in it all the Power that was necessary for the establishing and governing those Churches which they should gather unto Christ Who can think that they who had this Authority given them were themselves to be taught and governed by Peter alone Nothing could put such a Conceit into Mens Minds but an ambitious desire to advance themselves to the highest Dominion by raising Peter above all others Who it is evident did not take themselves to be all inferiour to him nor to be less able to feed him than he was to feed them For St. Paul who was herein inferiour that he was called late to be an Apostle as one born out of due time did take upon him to feed Peter and that with his Staff too if I may so speak that is with his Reproof and this at Antioch St. Peter's own Seat Where it had been very proper for him one would think to have stood upon his peculiar Prerogative if he had known of any belonging to him Which if he could have challenged we should still be to seek by what right the Bishop of Rome claims the same Authority that St. Peter had O says Boniface the VIIIth * Extravagant L. 1. Tit. 8. de Major Obedientia Christ spake to Peter and to his Successors when he said FEED MY SHEEP But how doth he prove that Why we must take his bare word for it both that he spake these words to Peter's Successors and to them alone and that the Bishops of Rome are his sole Successors All this he delivers as an infallible Dictator and it is not good manners to question that the Universal Flock of Christ is so committed to them that whether Greeks or others shall say they are not committed to Peter and his Successors they must necessarily confess they are none of the SHEEP of Christ But it is worth any bodies while to read on to the end of that Extravagant where he asserts this whereby they will be infallibly satisfied he was no infallible Interpreter but a gross Perverter of the Holy Scriptures For here it is that he proves in the Church there is both the Spiritual and the Temporal Power from those Words Behold here are two Swords Luk. xxii 38. and that the Temporal Power is subject to the Spiritual because the Powers that are are ordained of God Rom. xiii 1. for they would not be in order unless Sword were under Sword and Spiritual things are superiour to Temporal For the Prophecy of Jeremy is verified of the Church and the Ecclesiastical Power ch i. 10. Behold I have set thee this day over the Nations and over the Kingdoms to root up and pull down c. Therefore the Temporal Power if it go out of the way must be judged by the Spiritual but the Supreme Spiritual Power by God alone not by Man as the Apostle bears witness 1 Cor. ii 15. He that is Spiritual judgeth all things but he himself is judged of no Man. After all which goodly Interpretation of Holy Scriptures more like Pasquill than the Pope he concludes most pontifically We declare affirm define and pronounce that it is altogether necessary to Salvation for every humane Creature to be subject to the Pope of Rome This is his Conclusion from FEED MY SHEEP and from other Places of Scripture expounded after the very same fashion as he abuses this Which tho it be very presumptuous yet is not too arrogant for him who could entertain such a monstrous Conceit as this which we read in one of his Decrees * Sexti Decret L. 1. Tit. vi cap. xvii Fundamenta Where he says Christ made Peter the Chief that from him as from a certain Head he might diffuse as it were his Gifts into the whole Body for that having taken him IN CONSORTIVM INDIVIDVAE TRINITATIS into the Partnership of the undivided Trinity He would have him called that which the Lord himself was saying THOV ART PETER and upon THIS ROCK I will build my Church Now if Peter be thus exalted into the Consortship of the Blessed Trinity and the Pope have a just claim unto all that belongs to Peter then is the Pope no less than OUR LORD GOD as some of the Canonists have called him unto whom Boniface might well conclude all must be subject upon pain of Damnation I conclude this whole Discourse with these three Observations which are better grounded than their proud Decrees First It is worth considering that this lofty Structure which they have erected in the Church of Rome of the Supremacy of their Bishop is built barely upon three Metaphorical Speeches of our Saviour unto St. Peter without one word or syllable concerning the Bishop of Rome or any other Successor One would have expected that a thing of this mighty moment should have had a stronger Foundation and been delivered in plainer words than upon this Rock I will give thee the Keys and Feed my Sheep and that we should have been told also in down-right terms who should inherit the supreme Power supposed to be conferred by these Metaphorical Speeches when he was dead and gone especially if all Christians in the World must necessarily upon pain of Damnation be subject to Peter's Successor And yet so it is this is all that a Wit of such height as Bellarmine's who is wont to scrape up all that any way seems to make for his purpose durst venture to alledg out of the Holy Scriptures for the proof of so weighty a Point The Rhemists indeed in their Annotations upon the New Testament make bold with two places more which they apply to this business but with so little Reason not to say so ridiculously that he had the discretion to let them alone One is in St. Matthew xiv 29. where upon the word walked