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church_n day_n lord_n sabbath_n 19,256 5 10.0267 5 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A15735 A defence of M. Perkins booke, called A reformed Catholike against the cauils of a popish writer, one D.B.P. or W.B. in his deformed Reformation. By Antony Wotton. Wotton, Anthony, 1561?-1626.; Perkins, William, 1558-1602. Reformed Catholike.; Bishop, William, 1554?-1624. Reformation of a Catholike deformed: by M. W. Perkins. 1606 (1606) STC 26004; ESTC S120330 512,905 582

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that_o blasphemy_n write_v in_o her_o forehead_n because_o then_o the_o state_n be_v christian_a which_o before_o have_v be_v heathen_a so_o that_o unto_o the_o party_n pagan_a and_o not_o unto_o the_o church_n of_o god_n he_o ascribe_v these_o work_n of_o the_o wicked_a harlot_n which_o also_o the_o very_a text_n itself_o do_v convince_v for_o it_o have_v that_o she_o be_v drink_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o martyr_n of_o jesus_n now_o 6._o the_o church_n of_o rome_n have_v not_o then_o by_o the_o confession_n of_o all_o man_n draw_v any_o blood_n of_o christ_n saint_n but_o in_o testimony_n of_o his_o truth_n have_v pour_v out_o abundance_n of_o her_o best_a blood_n wherefore_o it_o be_v most_o manifest_a that_o the_o harlot_n can_v not_o signify_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n so_o pure_a and_o free_a from_o slaughter_n but_o the_o roman_a empire_n which_o be_v then_o full_o gorge_v with_o that_o most_o innocent_a and_o holy_a blood_n again_o that_o whore_n be_v expound_v b._n to_o 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do_v apply_v word_n speak_v of_o rome_n above_o 1500._o year_n ago_o unto_o rome_n as_o it_o be_v at_o this_o day_n and_o yet_o if_o that_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o err_v fo●●e_a in_o every_o one_o of_o his_o particular_n for_o first_o touch_v princ●●e_fw-la dominion_n the_o roman_a empire_n hold_v then_o all_o italy_n all_o france_n all_o spain_n all_o england_n a_o great_a part_n of_o germany_n of_o asia_n and_o also_o of_o africa_n have_v their_o proconsulle_n and_o christian_n other_o principal_a officer_n in_o all_o those_o country_n draw_v a_o hundred_o thousand_o million_o in_o money_n and_o many_o other_o commodity_n out_o of_o they_o wherefore_o in_o princely_a dominion_n and_o magnifical_a state_n it_o surmount_v ecclesiastical_a rome_n which_o have_v not_o temporal_a dominion_n over_o the_o one_o half_a of_o that_o one_o kingdom_n of_o italy_n more_o than_o a_o hundred_o degree_n and_o as_o for_o persecution_n the_o empire_n slay_v and_o cause_v to_o be_v slay_v more_o saint_n 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be_v crucify_v at_o jerusalem_n and_o thus_o notwithstanding_o all_o which_o have_v be_v say_v we_o must_v here_o by_o the_o whore_n understand_v the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o rome_n not_o so_o much_o under_o the_o heathen_a emperor_n as_o under_o the_o head_n thereof_o the_o pope_n speaker_n d._n b._n p._n well_o m._n perkins_n be_v content_a in_o fine_a to_o allow_v of_o that_o distinction_n of_o heathenish_a and_o ecclesiastical_a rome_n which_o before_o he_o esteem_v ●o_o foolish_a and_o then_o will_v prove_v that_o not_o the_o heathenish_a but_o ecclesiastical_a 〈◊〉_d be_v resemble_v to_o the_o purpell_n harlot_n see_v what_o confidence_n this_o man_n have_v 3._o in_o his_o own_o shutle_a wit_n that_o now_o will_v prove_v this_o and_o short_o after_o disprove_v it_o but_o let_v we_o give_v he_o the_o hear_n the_o holy_a ghost_n say_v plain_o that_o she_o have_v make_v all_o the_o world_n drink_v u●●th_v the_o wine_n of_o the_o wrath_n of_o her_o fornication_n and_o yet_o add_v that_o she_o have_v commit_v fornication_n with_o the_o king_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o this_o can_v be_v understand_v of_o heathenish_a rome_n for_o that_o leave_v all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o earth_n unto_o their_o own_o religion_n and_o idolatry_n and_o do_v not_o labour_v to_o bring_v they_o to_o worship_v the_o roman_a god_n ergo_fw-la it_o must_v be_v understand_v of_o papal_a r●me_n i_o answer_v the_o roman_a empire_n be_v the_o head_n and_o principal_a promoter_n of_o all_o kind_n of_o idolatry_n and_o maintain_v and_o advance_v they_o that_o most_o vehement_o oppose_v themselves_o against_o the_o christian_a religion_n who_o with_o any_o show_n of_o reason_n can_v deny_v but_o they_o chief_o commit_v spiritual_a fornication_n with_o the_o king_n of_o the_o earth_n if_o not_o by_o persuade_v they_o to_o forsake_v their_o false_a god_n which_o the_o pagan_a roman_n worship_v aswell_o as_o they_o yet_o by_o encourage_v and_o command_v they_o to_o persevere_v in_o that_o 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itself_o where_o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o ten_o horn_n which_o signify_v ten_o king_n shall_v hate_v the_o whore_n and_o make_v her_o desolate_a and_o naked_a which_o as_o he_o say_v must_v be_v understand_v of_o popish_a rome_n for_o whereas_o in_o former_a time_n all_o the_o king_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o whore_n now_o they_o have_v begin_v to_o withdraw_v themselves_o and_o to_o make_v her_o desolate_a as_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n denmark_n germany_n england_n scotland_n and_o other_o part_n in_o these_o his_o word_n be_v commit_v a_o most_o foul_a fault_n by_o gross_a oversight_n and_o ignorance_n in_o the_o very_a text_n what_o be_v england_n scotland_n denmark_n as_o for_o bohemia_n rule_v by_o a_o catholic_a emperor_n it_o must_v be_v omit_v as_o also_o many_o state_n of_o germany_n be_v these_o
and_o most_o holy_a father_n do_v teach_v concern_v join_n with_o the_o church_n and_o pope_n of_o rome_n from_o who_o society_n protestant_n labour_n tooth_n and_o nail_n to_o withdraw_v us._n and_o because_o of_o this_o we_o must_v treat_v more_o ample_o in_o the_o question_n of_o supremacy_n i_o will_v use_v here_o their_o authority_n only_o who_o m._n perkins_n cit_v against_o us._n s._n bernard_n be_v cite_v already_o s._n ireneus_fw-la scholar_n of_o s._n polycarpe_n and_o he_o of_o s._n john_n the_o evangelist_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n write_v thus_o to_o this_o church_n by_o reason_n of_o she_o more_o mighty_a principality_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o every_o church_n that_o be_v the_o saithfull_a on_o all_o side_n to_o condescend_v and_o agree_v in_o 3._o and_o by_o which_o always_o the_o tradition_n of_o the_o aposiles_n have_v be_v preserve_v of_o they_o that_o be_v round_o about_o she_o saint_n jerome_n write_v to_o damasus_n pope_n of_o rome_n say_v i_o follow_v none_o as_o chief_a but_o christ_n do_v in_o participation_n join_v with_o thy_o blessedness_n that_o be_v with_o the_o chair_n of_o peter_n i_o know_v the_o church_n to_o be_v build_v upon_o that_o rock_n whosoever_o do_v eat_v the_o paschall_n lamb_n out_o of_o this_o house_n be_v a_o profane_a fellow_n he_o that_o be_v not_o find_v within_o the_o ark_n of_o noah_n shall_v when_o the_o flood_n arise_v perish_v and_o a_o little_a after_o know_v not_o vitalis_n i_o refuse_v meletius_n i_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o paulinus_n he_o that_o gather_v not_o with_o thou_o scatter_v that_o be_v he_o that_o be_v not_o with_o christ_n be_v with_o antichrist_n gloss_n mark_v and_o embrace_v this_o most_o learned_a doctor_n judgement_n of_o join_v with_o the_o see_v of_o rome_n in_o all_o doubtful_a question_n he_o will_v not_o trust_v to_o his_o own_o wit_n and_o skill_n which_o be_v singular_a nor_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o rely_v upon_o his_o learned_a and_o wise_a neighbour_n he_o dare_v not_o 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i_o desire_v in_o all_o thing_n to_o follow_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n and_o thus_o much_o of_o his_o prologue_n speaker_n a._n w._n it_o be_v a_o weak_a fortify_v of_o popish_a doctrine_n to_o allege_v a_o few_o sentence_n write_v one_o thousand_o or_o more_o year_n since_o in_o approbation_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n as_o it_o be_v then_o irenaeus_n hierome_n ambrose_n will_v have_v all_o man_n join_v with_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n which_o flourish_v in_o their_o day_n therefore_o no_o man_n may_v separate_v from_o it_o in_o these_o our_o day_n who_o see_v not_o the_o feebleness_n of_o this_o consequence_n and_o yet_o this_o be_v all_o the_o force_n that_o can_v be_v in_o the_o reason_n till_o they_o have_v prove_v that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n either_o be_v then_o or_o be_v not_o now_o the_o church_n of_o antichrist_n if_o that_o principality_n irenaeus_n speak_v of_o be_v in_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n by_o any_o right_n of_o authority_n from_o god_n how_o shall_v the_o same_o irenaeus_n be_v excuse_v who_o 3._o reprove_v victor_n b._n of_o rome_n for_o take_v upon_o he_o to_o excommunicate_v some_o of_o the_o eastern_a church_n about_o observe_v of_o easter_n if_o it_o be_v in_o irenaei●…um_n respect_n of_o the_o truth_n which_o then_o flourish_v at_o rome_n no_o doubt_n all_o man_n must_v cleave_v unto_o it_o as_o far_o as_o it_o cleave_v to_o the_o truth_n of_o god_n damasum_fw-la hierome_n a_o roman_a and_o at_o that_o time_n a_o young_a man_n live_v in_o syria_n be_v press_v by_o a_o arian_n bishop_n to_o allow_v by_o subscription_n that_o which_o may_v tend_v to_o the_o countenance_v of_o arianisme_n write_v to_o damasus_n his_o own_o bishop_n for_o his_o advice_n in_o the_o matter_n but_o that_o he_o do_v not_o in_o respect_n of_o his_o place_n as_o if_o he_o can_v not_o err_v because_o he_o be_v bishop_n of_o rome_n for_o liberius_n the_o very_a next_o bishop_n before_o damasus_n by_o fortunatiano_n hieroms_n own_o confession_n have_v subscribe_v to_o arianisme_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o his_o judgement_n which_o be_v sound_a against_o that_o heresy_n so_o that_o whosoever_o in_o that_o question_n gather_v not_o with_o he_o scatter_v and_o hold_v with_o antichrist_n against_o christ._n those_o all_o thing_n that_o 1._o ambrose_n speak_v of_o be_v according_a to_o the_o place_n allege_v by_o you_o to_o be_v restrain_v to_o the_o liturgy_n and_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n wherein_o though_o ambrose_n profess_v himself_o desirous_a to_o follow_v the_o church_n note_n by_o the_o way_n that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v take_v praefatione_fw-la as_o a_o particular_a diocesan_n church_n such_o as_o the_o church_n of_o milan_n also_o be_v at_o that_o time_n and_o not_o as_o the_o universal_a catholic_a church_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o so_o follow_v it_o because_o reason_n lead_v he_o another_o way_n his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o all_o thing_n i_o desire_v to_o follow_v the_o roman_a church_n but_o habemus_fw-la yet_o we_o also_o be_v man_n have_v understand_v therefore_o that_o which_o be_v otherwhere_o better_o observe_v we_o also_o right_o keep_v we_o follow_v the_o apostle_n peter_n himself_o we_o stick_v unto_o his_o devotion_n etc._n etc._n out_o of_o which_o speech_n of_o ambrose_n these_o point_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v first_o that_o the_o understanding_n of_o christian_a man_n be_v to_o direct_v they_o wherein_o they_o be_v to_o follow_v the_o church_n of_o rome_n wherein_o to_o leave_v it_o second_o that_o some_o other_o church_n may_v and_o do_v better_o observe_v diverse_a thing_n than_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v three_o that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n do_v not_o observe_v that_o which_o the_o apostle_n peter_n at_o least_o in_o ambrose_n his_o judgement_n have_v devout_o perform_v thus_o we_o see_v what_o help_n there_o be_v in_o the_o ancient_a writer_n to_o free_v the_o pope_n and_o church_n of_o rome_n that_o now_o be_v from_o be_v the_o very_a 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this_o vow_n be_v necessary_a and_o must_v be_v keep_v as_o a_o part_n of_o the_o true_a worship_n of_o god_n because_o it_o be_v a_o promise_n wherein_o we_o vow_v to_o perform_v all_o duty_n command_v of_o god_n either_o in_o the_o law_n or_o in_o the_o gospel_n it_o may_v be_v demand_v consider_v we_o be_v bind_v to_o obedience_n how_o we_o bind_v ourselves_o in_o baptism_n thereto_o answ._n though_o we_o be_v already_o bind_v partly_o by_o nature_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o write_a word_n yet_o may_v we_o renew_v the_o same_o bond_n in_o a_o vow_n and_o he_o that_o be_v bind_v may_v further_o bind_v himself_o so_o it_o be_v for_o this_o end_n to_o help_v his_o dulness_n for_o want_v of_o zeal_n and_o to_o make_v himself_o more_o forward_o in_o duty_n of_o love_n to_o man_n and_o the_o worship_n of_o god_n to_o this_o end_n david_n swear_v to_o keep_v the_o law_n of_o god_n psal._n 119._o 116._o though_o he_o be_v bind_v unto_o it_o by_o nature_n and_o by_o the_o write_a law_n itself_o the_o special_a vow_n be_v that_o which_o do_v not_o reach_v to_o the_o person_n of_o all_o believer_n but_o only_o concern_v some_o special_a man_n upon_o some_o special_a occasion_n and_o this_o kind_n of_o vow_n be_v twofold_a the_o first_o be_v the_o vow_n of_o a_o ceremonial_a duty_n in_o the_o way_n of_o service_n to_o god_n and_o it_o be_v in_o practice_n in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o jew_n under_o the_o old_a testament_n example_n hereof_o be_v two_o especial_o the_o first_o be_v the_o vow_n of_o the_o nazarite_n whereto_o no_o kind_n of_o man_n be_v bind_v by_o god_n commandment_n but_o they_o bind_v themselves_o god_n only_o prescribe_v the_o manner_n and_o order_n of_o keep_v the_o same_o with_o rite_n pertain_v thereto_o as_o abstinence_n from_o wine_n the_o not_o cut_v of_o their_o hair_n and_o such_o like_a the_o second_o example_n be_v of_o the_o jew_n when_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n they_o vow_v to_o give_v god_n house_n or_o land_n sheep_n or_o ox_n or_o any_o like_a thing_n for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o legal_a worship_n and_o of_o this_o also_o god_n prescribe_v certain_a rule_n levit._n 27._o now_o these_o vow_n be_v part_n of_o the_o jewish_a pedagogie_n or_o ceremonial_a law_n wherein_o god_n train_v up_o the_o jew_n in_o the_o old_a testament_n and_o be_v observe_v of_o they_o they_o be_v part_n of_o god_n worship_n but_o now_o under_o the_o gospel_n they_o be_v not_o be_v all_o abolish_v with_o the_o ceremonial_a law_n to_o which_o christ_n put_v a_o end_n at_o his_o death_n upon_o the_o cross_n it_o be_v true_a paul_n make_v a_o vow_n and_o since_o keep_v the_o same_o in_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o new_a testament_n act._n 18._o yet_o not_o as_o a_o part_n of_o god_n worship_n but_o as_o a_o thing_n indifferent_a for_o the_o time_n wherein_o he_o only_o condescend_v to_o the_o weakness_n of_o the_o jew_n that_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o may_v bring_v they_o the_o better_a unto_o christ._n and_o whereas_o christ_n be_v call_v a_o nazarite_n matth._n 2._o 23._o we_o may_v not_o think_v he_o be_v of_o that_o very_a order_n because_o he_o do_v not_o abstain_v from_o wine_n but_o he_o be_v so_o term_v because_o he_o be_v the_o verity_n and_o accomplishment_n of_o this_o order_n for_o by_o it_o be_v signify_v that_o god_n church_n be_v a_o peculiar_a people_n sever_v or_o choose_v out_o of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o christ_n in_o respect_n of_o holiness_n be_v also_o separate_v from_o all_o sinner_n and_o the_o word_n in_o saint_n matthew_n he_o shall_v be_v call_v a_o nazarite_n be_v borrow_v from_o the_o book_n of_o judge_n cap._n 13._o where_o they_o be_v proper_o speak_v of_o samson_n and_o in_o type_n or_o figure_n of_o christ._n for_o as_o samson_n save_v israel_n by_o his_o death_n so_o do_v christ_n save_o his_o church_n and_o as_o samson_n kill_v his_o enemy_n more_o by_o death_n then_o by_o life_n so_o do_v christ._n it_o be_v plain_a therefore_o that_o this_o kind_n of_o vow_n bind_v not_o we_o for_o there_o be_v no_o more_o ceremony_n to_o be_v keep_v under_o the_o gospel_n for_o part_n of_o god_n worship_n but_o the_o outward_a rite_n of_o baptism_n and_o the_o lord_n supper_n vow_n concern_v meat_n and_o drink_v attire_n touch_v taste_v time_n place_n day_n be_v proper_a to_o the_o jew_n the_o second_o kind_n of_o special_a vow_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o man_n promise_v free_o to_o perform_v some_o outward_a and_o bodily_a exercise_n for_o some_o good_a end_n and_o this_o vow_n also_o if_o it_o be_v make_v according_o be_v lawful_a and_o belong_v both_o to_o the_o church_n of_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n in_o the_o old_a we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o the_o rekabite_n jer._n 35._o who_o by_o the_o appointment_n of_o jonadab_n their_o father_n abstain_v from_o strong_a drink_n and_o wine_n from_o plant_v vineyard_n and_o orchard_n whereby_o jonadab_n intend_v only_o to_o break_v they_o before_o hand_n and_o to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o their_o future_a 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make_v such_o vow_n certain_a rule_n must_v be_v remember_v i._o that_o the_o vow_n be_v agreeable_a to_o god_n will_v and_o word_n for_o if_o it_o be_v otherwise_o the_o make_v as_o also_o the_o keep_n thereof_o be_v sin_n vow_n must_v not_o be_v the_o bond_n of_o iniquity_n ii_o it_o must_v so_o be_v make_v that_o it_o may_v stand_v with_o christian_a liberty_n for_o we_o may_v not_o make_v such_o thing_n necessary_a in_o conscience_n which_o god_n have_v make_v free_a now_o christian_a liberty_n allow_v unto_o we_o the_o free_a use_n of_o all_o thing_n indifferent_a so_o it_o be_v out_o of_o the_o case_n of_o offence_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o vow_n must_v be_v make_v and_o keep_v or_o not_o keep_v so_o farforth_o as_o in_o conscience_n they_o may_v stand_v or_o not_o stand_v with_o our_o liberty_n purchase_v by_o christ._n iii_o the_o vow_n must_v be_v make_v with_o consent_n of_o superior_n if_o we_o be_v under_o government_n thus_o among_o the_o jew_n the_o vow_n of_o a_o daughter_n may_v not_o stand_v unless_o the_o consent_n of_o parent_n come_v thereunto_o iv._o it_o must_v be_v in_o the_o power_n and_o ability_n of_o the_o maker_n thereof_o to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v a_o vow_n make_v of_o a_o thing_n impossible_a be_v no_o vow_n v._o it_o must_v be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o call_n of_o he_o that_o make_v it_o that_o be_v both_o to_o his_o general_a calling_n as_o he_o be_v a_o christian_n and_o to_o that_o particular_a call_n wherein_o he_o live_v if_o it_o be_v against_o either_o one_o or_o both_o it_o be_v unlawful_a vi_o it_o must_v be_v make_v with_o deliberation_n no_o better_a thing_n perform_v then_o god_n by_o his_o law_n have_v bind_v we_o to_o else_o man_n can_v devise_v better_a obedience_n or_o more_o acceptable_a service_n to_o god_n than_o he_o himself_o have_v appoint_v if_o by_o better_a good_a you_o mean_v be_v a_o great_a measure_n of_o obedience_n than_o be_v common_o perform_v i_o doubt_v whether_o any_o man_n can_v do_v more_o than_o the_o law_n of_o god_n have_v require_v of_o he_o which_o be_v the_o rule_n of_o perfect_a obedience_n if_o you_o understand_v the_o mean_n of_o stir_v up_o ourselves_o to_o the_o do_v of_o our_o duty_n to_o god_n master_n perkins_n acknowledge_v that_o and_o comprise_v it_o in_o the_o late_a part_n though_o he_o do_v not_o express_v it_o second_o you_o say_v that_o it_o must_v proceed_v from_o our_o own_o free_a choice_n and_o liberty_n the_o promise_n doubtless_o must_v have_v our_o own_o will_n for_o the_o ground_n of_o it_o and_o so_o much_o the_o word_n import_v but_o the_o good_a must_v be_v a_o duty_n command_v or_o at_o
if_o he_o have_v not_o see_v it_o to_o be_v dangerous_a in_o respect_n of_o idolatry_n that_o may_v ensue_v for_o questionless_a a_o picture_n or_o a_o image_n be_v of_o great_a force_n chief_o if_o the_o word_n be_v add_v for_o exposition_n of_o it_o as_o we_o see_v in_o emblem_n and_o impresas_n but_o this_o help_n in_o the_o most_o wise_a judgement_n of_o god_n be_v not_o think_v so_o much_o worth_n that_o for_o it_o the_o danger_n of_o idolatry_n to_o which_o all_o man_n be_v so_o prone_a by_o nature_n shall_v be_v adventure_v therefore_o we_o must_v not_o be_v lead_v in_o this_o case_n by_o the_o show_n of_o humane_a reason_n but_o assure_v ourselves_o it_o be_v not_o for_o nothing_o that_o god_n when_o he_o teach_v the_o jew_n by_o sign_n and_o shadow_n appoint_v not_o the_o use_n of_o paint_v divine_a history_n for_o instruction_n memory_n or_o devotion_n concern_v pison_n horace_n testimony_n if_o you_o have_v see_v as_o far_o into_o the_o meaning_n of_o it_o as_o you_o imagine_v he_o do_v into_o the_o use_n of_o picture_n you_o will_v never_o have_v allege_v it_o to_o such_o purpose_n as_o now_o you_o do_v for_o you_o may_v easy_o have_v perceive_v that_o the_o poet_n ground_n not_o his_o precept_n upon_o any_o light_n of_o nature_n but_o upon_o experience_n of_o man_n affection_n and_o which_o be_v the_o principal_a thing_n that_o he_o speak_v not_o at_o all_o of_o any_o dumb_a picture_n but_o of_o the_o lively_a gesture_n of_o player_n upon_o the_o stage_n some_o thing_n say_v he_o be_v act_v on_o the_o stage_n some_o be_v only_o report_v there_o and_o suppose_v to_o be_v do_v in_o some_o other_o place_n now_o betwixt_o these_o be_v this_o comparison_n make_v that_o those_o thing_n do_v more_o affect_v which_o we_o see_v do_v than_o those_o that_o we_o only_o hear_v report_v what_o be_v this_o to_o picture_n your_o poetry_n fail_v you_o as_o well_o as_o your_o divinity_n speaker_n d._n b._n p._n this_o argument_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o 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