hath been pretended and urg'd but indeed too peremptorily not to say any more XXIX After an exact view taken thereof Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Verb signifies to examine what blemishes there were or what was perished in the sacrifice as Mr Yong hath taught us out of Philo the other Clement and Chrysostome In Polycarpus who had it from this Clement it was corrupted till my L. of Armagh restored it This I finde in Lucian's language 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 First to search and examine the sacrifice whether it were perfect and entire or no. It is ill rendred therefore in the Lexicon's reprehensoris animo confiderare vel observare And let me by the way mend a place in the learned Latin-Greec Glossary printed by Harry Stephans Aruspex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The antient β was very like μ onely it wanted the tail fashioned thus μ and that in some printed books as in Callimachus by Frobenius for example and divers others So the mistake was easie Or if not so u Altar 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 seemed to the Calligraphi or Transcribers to have neerest relation in their judgement to the Priest and so took it for the former part of the composition of this word rather then 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The emendation is justified by Donat. x In Ter. Phorm Act. 4. sc Geta. the Grammarian Haruspex ab harugâ nominatur nam haruga dicitur hostia ab harâ in quâ concluditur servatur And Velius Longus almost in the same manner but that I think the one may be mended by the other Arispex ab ariugâ quae esset hostia Which is confirmed by Dionys of Halicarnassus y Antiq. Rom. lib. 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because he did 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 take a view of the sacrifice that it were not defective Gloss Haruspex 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This was call'd by the Romans z Plin. l. 8. c. 45. Victimarum probatio Hence we read * Cic. 2. in Rull hostiae probatae and exta probata Tertull. Apologetico †Tibul. lib. 3. Vt mirer cum hostiae probentur penes vos à vitiosissimis sacerdotibus To be Bishops and Deacons XXX As to express the gravity of those Governours which they had constituted over the Christian Churches the Apostles called them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Elders borrowing the name from the 70. in the Old Testament So likewise to signifie their office Clement heer intimates in the following words that they stiled them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bishops taking also the denomination from the same LXX Interpreters Esai 60.17 where we read out of the Ebrew I will also make thy Officers a Praefectos Tremel peace and thine exactors righteousnesse But the Vulgar Ponam visitationem tuam pacem c. Now visitatio is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clement in this very Ep. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In the visitation of the Kingdome of Christ That in Clement Bishop and Presbyter signifie the same Order is most manifest to any attentive Reader and it may be gathered from this very place to spare others more evident for it till anon For if by Bishops heer Clement did not mean Presbyters it may be inferr'd very well that Presbyters were not instituted by the Apostles in their preaching up and down and constituting Churches and officers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in severall Cities and Countries as he tels us For why else are they omitted by him whose business it is heer to set them down and that as exactly as he had done a little before the Jewish Hierarchy But it is more manifest by what followes For Clement reasons thus To turn out them who have unblamably and in holiness performed the office of their Episcopacy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is no small sin But ye Corinthians have turn'd out your Presbyters so he cals them they had turn'd out Ergo. For to say that b Episc by divine Right part 2. § 10. p. 60. belike they ejected their Bishop and Presbyters too were to say that which were not and Clement never intended XXXI That strife and contention would arise about the name of Episcopacy I think the time is now saith c Collect. of Speeches p. 76. Sr Edward Deering urging this place And yet he will not allow B p Hall though Clement tels us that Bishops were constituted by the Apostles both in the foregoing and following words to prove from thence his Episcopacy by Divine Right Now whether by the name of Episcopacy in this place we mean the bare Title onely or else the power residing in the person and office of a Bishop as we understand 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Romanum nomen the learned Knight I think did not amisse in taking these words by way of a prophecy For Episcopacy as we take it at this day some will tell you hath had shrewd girding at it many ages * Perantiqua celeberrima quaestio de Ordine Hieratico Selden ago and that not by Aërius onely before either Martin-mar-Prelate was born or this present Parliament was summon'd d In Epist ubi se cum Hieron confert Austin himself tels us that it was but vocabulum honoris quod Ecclesiae usus obtinuit And in antient times which is most to be wondred at it was not the silly state and train such as it was of some Bishops which was so much excepted against and exposed to censure as their very want and poverty Chrysostome got envy by it when but to ease his aged and impotent limbs he rode up and down the streets upon a poor Ass as often as his occasions call'd him abroad in that great * Constantinople City Himself will tell you what the peeple said of him Whoh say they he hath servants to attend him e Homil. 1. in Titum and rides about upon an Ass why is he placed above us Now that you may understand his retinue was not great no more then for his necessary uses himself again in f Homil. 9. ad Philip. another place makes going into publique assemblies with a multitude of followers and to ride on Hors-back two pieces of State by no meanes to be tolerated in a Bishop And such was the poverty of the British Bishops in the fourth Age that being called by Constantius to the Councel of * Rimini hodiè ut Leander alii Ariminum they had not wherewithall to carry themselves over sea much less to keep them but were fain to be maintained out of the Emperours Exchequer Which though Sulpitius Severus g Hist sacrae lib. 2. highly commend in them yet he that gave him the relation did it quasi obtrectans to their disgrace and upbraiding them with their need and exigency How they were provided for at the Councell upon the Emperours cost I cannot tell But it seems at home their allowance was not much
Jewish Ordinances The g John 4.23 true worshippers of God in Spirit and Truth being now no more confined h Gal. 4.10 9. to observe dayes and months and times and years being part of those h Gal. 4.10 9. weak and beggarly rudiments of the Law then we are God be thanked in respect of place bound to go on Pilgrimage to Jerusalem i John 4.20 sometime notwithstanding the onely seat of his publique Worship XXVIII But the Lay-man is bound to the observation of Lay-ordinances CLEMENT in the words next going before doth set down the degrees of the Jewish Hierarchy consisting of the High-Priest the Priests and the Levits calling all the rest Laics or Lay-men as we now term them that is more obscure and less noble That heer he onely means and mentions the Orders of the Jewish Church is most plain and evident for those of the Christian he names not till anon in what follows where you shall hear of them By how much the more I wonder that a man of that great learning and gravity should with such assurance and confidence urge this place to confute the k Episcopacy by Divine Right part 2. § 11. p. 75. 76. weak suggestions ignorance and Cavils of Vedelius and others as he pleases to speak denying that in Ignatius's time somewhat after Clement any distinction in the Church as of the Clergy and Laity to be on foot as he doth likewise understand the sentence save one next afore this 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. So the Priests have their own place or office assigned them of Christian Priests or Presbyters For Priest and Presbyter are the same with him And to back this Authority alleged out of Clement none at all in effect to his purpose he brings as bad a one or worse out of Ignatius his Epistle to the Church of Smyrna Let the Lay-men be subject to the Deacons and so forth and so forsooth they shall have a fine time of it 'T is true indeed that in those six more genuine Epistles of his there is l Ad Smyrn Magnesianos twice mention of Lay-men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But there are infinite interpolations and additions which have by bad hands been intermixed there and interlaced in the current of time and this mentioning of Laics is one of those patches which have been sow'd to the old garment as appears by comparing the later Greec copies with the antient Latin Translation out of the yet not corrupted Copies in Greec or at least not with that boldnesse and liberty as they have been since to the unspeakable wrong as well of antiquity as posterity And this being observed will with the Readers good leave and patience give me occasion to doe Ignatius a piece of right for which indeed he is especially beholding to that true Bishop Dr Vsher whose learning it were an offence to praise or admire his piety being such and the holiness of his conversation There is a passage in one of his Epistles at which * Guil. Perkins in Probl. Jo. Milton c. very learned men have taken great offence and very deservedly It is that to the Church of Smyrna where we find in the Greec edition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 m Prov. 24.21 My son saith he honour God and the King But I say Honour God indeed as the Author and Lord of all and the Bishop as the High-Priest and after him we ought to honour the King This they say and truly doth in plain terms contradict the Spirit of God in Salomon From which presumptuous gain-saying to excuse Ignatius we may take notice that this is but an adulterate piece and foisted in of late which for very shame the greatest friends of Episcopacie forbear to urge in their behalfe and it is utterly wanting in that antient Latin Interpreter of these Epistles never publisht till within these two years by that most reverent and godly Primate But to return to these Laics Of the two witnesses we see urg'd to prove a distinction between them and the Clergy in the first age of the Church one of them saies nothing to it the other is spurious and supposititious That the word Laic might indeed be in some use in the most primitive times we may grant because we find it heer Yet then was it but as one of those words which the Grammarians call n Quae semel tantùm ab aliquo auctore usurpatae sunt v. Eustath ad 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and to this day it hath not gotten any room in our common Lexicons Neither hear we any more of it after this except in Acula the Jewes Gr. who translates the * 1 Sam. 21.6 Shew-bread 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Theodoret witnesseth till Tertullian's time and the Compiler of those Canons and Constitutions which they call Apostolicall both who undoubtedly had it from hence but applied it otherwise as they had the businesse of the Phenix likewise before mentioned and other things also So in like manner was o Dionys. Halicarn Plin. hist li. 2. c. 17. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a known word to the world in the Apostles time yet not so applyed by the Primitive that we can any where read of as it was by the Church in after Ages when she called not onely her self but the Epistles also of James Peter John and Jude Catholique But the word it self being no more rife at that time then it was the thing then assuredly could not be in any very common use or practice Now in Clement himself where it is onely to be found in that age 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies no more Christian Lay-people then in Quintilian who liv'd when Clement p Instit li. 2. cap. 13. praecepta 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies the Catholic commands of the Church For indeed how could it that difference in persons as we may well conjecture and not be laugh'd at for our weakness being not yet observed And we know that names are not altogether of as antient birth as things themselves are I said but conjecture But Salmasius q Olim omnes Presbyteri erant Laici De Pres Ep. ca. 5. p. 396. 398. c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 will tell you aloud and peremptorily that there was no distinction at all that the Presbyters or Clergy as we call them and Laymen were all one For the Christian Presbyter * Vid. Clariss Selden Com. in Eutych n. 9. being derived from the Jewish they were no more separated from the peeple by any priestly holiness then the Presbyters among the Jewes were who indeed had nothing of the Priest about them save by accident which might distinguish them from the Laity *********** It appeares then by what hath been said that although after ages did admit of this distinction of Laity and Clergy in the Church yet no such difference is to be proved out of Clement or Ignatius as
better then those Irish Bishops which was no more then three milch Cowes and in case any of them became dry the Parishioners supplyed them again as their own relation was to Adam of Breme in Germany whom they took in their way from Italy homeward I may fit both with that excellent character of those poor countrey-bishops of Italy in Ammianus Marcellinus h Lib. 27. an Hethen Historian Quos tenuitas edendi potandique parcissimè vilitas etiam indumentorum superc lia humum spectantia perpetuo Numini verisque ejus cultoribus ut puros commendabant verecundos Not but that then there were swaggering Bishops and far unlike these for in the same place he tels us that the competition and contention about the Papacy between Damasus and Vrsicinus was so violent that the carcases of 137. men slain in the quarrell were drawn out of one i Basilicâ Sicinini Church and Viventius the Lieutenant to the Emperour was forc't to make his retreit into the suburbs till the rage of the peeple and their strife was ended And the impartiall Historian makes the reason and grounds of these contentions to be their immoderate wealth ease and honour after they were thus settled being then enricht with the gifts and presents of great Ladies they rode in Coaches through the streets they were choicely suited in their apparell their diet dainty in so much that their feasts outwent the ordinary provision at Kings Tables And that Marcellinus doth them no wrong heerin the studious Reader may see by the Constitution k L. 20. C. Theod de Episc Eccl. Clericis of Valent. Valens and Gratian directed to the same Damasus forbidding all Ecclesiasticall persons or such as belonged to them to visit widows houses c. to receive any thing from such kind of weemen either by donation or Legacy If they did that it should be forfeited to the Exchequer c. And Damasus was fain though full sore against his will to give order for publishing of it in all the Churches of Rome But 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 enough of this Now the contention about the name or power of Episcopacy was never so great but the acceptions of the word before the Apostles time were as various l In 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eustathius tels us that it was sometimes taken for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 m 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a spy or scout Elsewhere in Homer I finde it for a protector or defender and in this sense Hector is call'd by his wife n 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Episcopus Trojae The defender of the Trojans their wives and children It was an office or Magistracy rather among the Athenians of which Suidas and o 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Aristophanes Scholiast besides p De Rep. Athen ca. 35. v. Guid. Pancirol de Magistr Municipal c. 13. Postel or rather Possardus but especially see Meursius in his Attic Antiquities Cicero tels us that Pompey would have him to be q Ad Attic. l. 7. Epist 10. quem tota Campana maritima ora habeat 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ad quem delectus summa negotii referatur by which words you see what power he had And in the Pandects Arcadius calls them Episcopos r F. de muner honor l. fin § item qui praesunt pani caeteris venalibus rebus quae Civitatum populis ad quotidianum victum usui sunt which is just as much as Clarks of the Market XXXII The forenamed officers Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That is Bishops and Deacons The Apostles appointed Overseërs and Ministers unto them that should beleeve as well in the Churches of Rome and Corinth as elsewhere Where by the way take notice that Peter's parts and authority in that businesse were no more then any ones else beside for Clement speaks generally 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Apostles and Our Apostles Secondly we may gather from Clement that not onely the Apostles themselves but ſ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 others also taken notice of for their prudence did constitute Bishops and Deacons but it was with the generall consent and agreement of the whole Church 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 otherwise they were not thought lawfully called or chosen to their office and so might not challenge any subjection or respect from the peeple Now in defining what kind of Bishops these were which the Apostles constituted and in assigning every first Bishop his particular place or seat I conceive Antiquity did not a little mistake not to say they dealt too peremptorily and presumptuously therein That I may not be thought to take too much upon me in so high and seemingly arrogant a censure I shall as-well for the Readers satisfaction as for mine owne excuse and defence alledge a very notable place out of Eusebius esteemed generally the Father and fountain of Church History who directly acknowledgeth it a thing of great difficulty to set down who were left by the Apostles the Bishops of severall Churches confessing all the light he had heerin to come from the Acts of the Apostles and Paul's Epistles The place is Eccl. Hist. lib. III. cap. IV. whither the Reader may have his recourse at pleasure Now for us to make our boasts of Antiquity and to ground our discourse in the point we have in hand upon the testimony and traditions of the antients when as Eusebius himself one so antient and that made such diligent search and enquiry into this business freely confesseth that all the certainty of his knowledge thereabout was from meere Scripture is a thing in my conceit of extreme lightness and vanity Not to adde heer what I formerly took notice of how great a flaw and breach there is in the history of the first times of the Church next the Acts which indeed did set the invention of after ages on work to write a Supplement in place of those true Records which most likely perished at what time the flame of persecution devoured the Christians themselves not more then their particular Acta and Memorials For the future gave them moreover in command The Gr. XXXIII 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I translated it as you see having then in my mind what Plato's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signified and being now in hast I let it passe so Perhaps upon advice with some to advertise me better I shall alter it Mr Yong had turned it ac descriptas deinceps ministrorum officiorumque vices reliquerunt reading by conjecture 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Copy Dr Vsher Eumque ordinem deinceps praescripserunt Salmasius Et interim etiam praeceptum dederunt Dr Hall and gave thereupon a designed order or list of Offices coming neerest Mr Yong. Dr Turner of Merton Colledge would have it read 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 t Vide Dn. Armachan de Ignat. script ca. 18. p. 137. ut continuatio
this sedition or contention or these schisms proceed I wil depart c. Chrysostome hath a passage for which if for any he richly deserved the title of Golden-mouth bestowed on him by antiquity which while he pen'd Mr Yong conceives he had his eye upon this of Clement His words are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 d Homil. 11. ad Ephes c. If you conceive or suspect these things of us we are ready to depart and to deliver up our power to whomsoever ye please onely let the Church be at unity within it self A rare temper and not to be found among the men of this Age. Now because Clement in what immediately follows doth commend the earnest endeavours and undertakings of Hethen men for the conservation of the peace and quiet of those States they liv'd in I will parallel this place of Chrysostoms with one ascribed to the most eloquent of the race of Romulus as he was esteemed of all the Christians Vtilius duxi e Declam in Sallust Ciceroni tributa quamvis fortunam unus experiri quà m universo populo Romano civilis essem dissensionis caussa XLI Many Kings and Governours c. He meanes such as Codrus and Lycurgus among the Grecians Genucius Cippus and M. Curtius among the Romans with others in both Histories endowed with the like brave and gallant spirits for the Public not so generally taken notice of Next after he bringeth in Judith who hazarded her own life to save the City wherein she dwelt an Apocryphall story among the Jewes That Clement thought it so his placing it after mention of Hethen examples though he instance in no particular may serve for an argument For there is scarce any Greec or Latine Historian of better note that is not to be preferr'd in matter of truth before it the Macchabees or any other historicall piece in that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or collection of writers Now if enough hath not been already said in what goes before for defence of Clement in this behalf Num. XXIV let the studious Reader take notice that not onely Peter and Jude cite the Apocryphall writings of Enoch and the latter the book also De dimissione Mosis or of his Death though indeed as the admired Jos Sealiger hath well observed those Fragments we now have of Enoch are more corrupt by later additions and interpolations of the Jews then they were formerly in the Apostles times But Paul himself likewise hath made use of divers places in his Epistles taken out of other Apocrypha of the Jews as hath been observed by the Fathers of the Gr. Church In the I. to the Corinthians out of the Apocrypha of Elias in that to the Galatians out of the Apocrypha of Moses in that to the Ephesians out of the Apocrypha of Jeremy Not that it follows from hence that the Apostle approved of all he found written in these books any more then he approved the severall love-toyes and amorous passages in Menanders Comedies an Iambic sentence out of whom notwithstanding he borroweth as you heard before See the incomparable f Exercit. sacrar lib. 18. cap. 2. Heinsius upon 1 Pet. 3.19 In time of a raging pestilence XLII upon answer received from the Oracle I do not more readily remember any example of this kind which I could think CLEMENT might intend to then that of Oedipus I conceived at first our Author might have had this out of some Gr. Tragedy of him Examining Sophocles his Oedipus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as most likely I received not so much satisfaction in my search as in the excellent Latin Oedipus which my learned good friend Mr Farnaby adjudges to L. An. Seneca the very Siren of better Philosophy against the judgement of Heinsius from whom yet in other things it is not his custome to dissent In that Tragedy conceive the Thebans afflicted and onely not consumed with a grievous pestilence The Oracle consulted returns Answer Mitia Cadmeis remeabunt sidera Thebis Si profugus Dircen Ismenida liqueris hospes c. meaning Oedipus who being acquainted therewith to stop the current of this destructive evil whereof his incest had been the cause he strait sets forward to a voluntary exile and is brought in bespeaking his languishing Citizens with this sad farewell yet such as did bid good cheer and health to them after his departure g Act. 5. sc Bene. Quicunque fessi corpore morbo graves Semianima trahitis corpora en fugio exeo Relevate colla mitior coeli status Post terga sequitur quisquis exilem jacens Animam retentat vividos haustus levis Concipiat Ite ferte depositis opem Mortifera mecum vitia terris extraho This example suits just with Clement's purpose but that you 'l say the story is meerly poëticall Let it be so yet those words of Oedipus fugio exeo remember me again of Clement's 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. I will depart I 'le go my wayes XLIII Become subject to your Elders Besides what hath been observed before Clement tels the Corinthians that for one or two factious persons sake their Church had rais'd a sedition against their Presbyters He tels them in another place that it should be the onely and earnest resolution of every noble mercifull and charitable Christian among them forgetting and forsaking their own private aimes and interests whatsoever 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to indeavour the Peace and quiet of Christs flock and peeple and of the Presbyters placed over them And in this place he adviseth those that had begun these troubles and whose the ground-work was of this sedition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to repent and by changing the pride of their tongue into the humility of heart to become subject and obedient to their Presbyters And read I say the whole Epistle over and tell me then whether solitary Episcopacy hath any ground therein or any practice thereof can be proved from thence or that the Church either of Rome or Corinth were governed any otherwise at that time when it was written at least so far as may be made to appear from any plain passage thereof then by Presbyters which notwithstanding hath been pretended more then once and among others as our Brethren of the Church of Scotland can bear witness by one who was sometime 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 among us with a great deal more confidence then successe Now what remaines there but that the peeple of God taking serious notice unto whom they owe obedience and subjection under Christ in those things that belong to God should with all readinesse and cheerfulnesse undergo and perform the same And withall 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clem. having the Charter of their liberties and priviledges restored unto them again as it were postliminiò and so evidently asserted in respect of their particular prerogatives in the election as it is in all reason and equity a thing indeed most fitting of those
CERTAINE ANNOTATIONS UPON CLEMENT Intended as well for the asserting of this Epistle against some Exceptions in respect of the Author of it and his manner of writing as for the preventing of others But especially for vindicating it from Misâ—allegations and wrong citations urged out of it in regard of some points concerning Chuâ—ch-government in controversie at this day Containing also some other Observations whereby the Authour is illustrated C. Lucilius apud Cic lib. 2. de Orat. PERSIUM non curo legere Laelium Decimum volo LONDON Printed by J. Y. for J. P. and O. P. in Paul's Church-yard in the Yeare of our Lord M.DC.XLVII A SUMMARY of chief Matters contained in these Annotations observed out of this EPISTLE 1. THe Equality as well of Churches themselves as of their Governours in the first Age. Clement and Linus what kind of Bishops The cause of the disagreement among Writers concerning the Order and Succession of the first Bishops of Rome Bishop and Presbyter common names at that time The humility of them in those times 2. At what time as is most probable this Epistle might be written Baronius commended for collecting the Fragments thereof 3. Of the Schismes and Factions among the Corinthians when Paul wrote his first Epistle to them 4. A place in Clement cited by Clemens Alexandrinus 5. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Clement to be understood of the Civill Magistrate though meant of the Ecclesiasticall Governours in the Epistle to the Hebrewes notwithstanding the likenesse of stile which is said to be in both these Epistles 6. The Epistle of Polycarpus the Martyr hath severall passages out of Clement Whether it may not be thought genuine 7. The manner of citing places out of the Old Testament into the New Which also is to be observed in Clement 8. The LXX Interpreters generally followed by the Apostles Then lesse corrupt then in after ages Now not so much to be respected The old Latine version of the LXX in ancient use here in Britain 9. Clement excused in his instance of Aaron's and Miriam's being shut out of the Camp 10. Clement speaking of Peter's Martyrdome sayes nothing of his being at Rome much lesse of his Bishoprick there and Prerogative Whether he were ever there or no is discussed His was the Apostleship of the Circumcision A deplorable breach in Church-History from the Acts to Trajan's time Whether Paul as well as Peter might not from Clement's words be thought to suffer under some Provinciall Magistrate rather then at Rome 11. Whether Paul ever performed his journie into Spain Or were ever in Britain Peter's being there and ordaining Bishops confirmed by our English Romanists either from very slight or forged Authorities 12. Clement's manner of urging Scriptures 13. A place in him out of Clemens Alexandrinus 14. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The severall acceptions of it 15. The Pillar of Salt into which Lot's wife was turned remaining in Clement's time 16. Clement's citing a place in Luke 17. A sentence of Clement's restored out of Jerome 18. A place in Matthew not so well rendred by our English Translators 19. Moses cited for David Clement excused therein by many places in the New Testament Josephus Scriptor Christianus Graecè 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Christ's division of the Books of the Old Testament 20. Mr. Young's conjecture confirmed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. The unpassable Ocean meant by Clement of the British 21. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. The Worlds beyond it thought to be the Islands called the Britannies A discourse endeavouring to make it good 22. The Phenix an Emblem of the Resurrection among the ancient Christians The Resurrection taken for a new Deity by the Philosophers at Athens How far a belief of the truth thereof possess'd the better sort of Heathens 23. Of what is possible or impossible with God His Power alwaies accompanies his Will We ought to speak reverently of his Power 24. Clement is defended about a place which he is said to cite out of the Wisdom of Solomon Of the Author of that Book and the credit thereof Paul himselfe urgeth Heathen Writers Menander the Comedian c. 25. Clement absolutely condemnes the Doctrine of Merits and Justification by Works 26. The happiness of a Christian Church in Clement's judgement 27. Clement is falsly urged to prove set-times for publick Prayers in the Primitive Church which they call Canonicall Houres 28. Clement is not truly and faithfully alledged to prove that in the first Age there was a distinction between the Clergy and Laity Neither doth it appeare by any genuine authority of Ignatius who is defended from contradicting of Scripture whereof he stands accused Laicus and Catholicus of what use in the first Age. Christian Presbytery from the Jewish and what that was 29. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 what they were Henr. Stephani Glossarium Latino-Graecum emendatur Victimarum probatio Aruspex 30. Bishop Presbyter whence the Apostles borrowed these names No distinction in matter of office to be found of them in Clement Nor any single Bishop of the Corinthians in his time Both which notwithstanding are pretended out of him 31. The Name of Episcopacy in Clement Vocabulum honoris quod Ecclesiae usus obtinuit in Austin Bishops excepted against before these times Chrysostome's riding on an Asse envied at Not lawfull in his opinion for Bishops to ride on horse-back The small maintenance and poverty of the ancient British Irish and other Country-Bishops The ambition excesse and cruelty of the Roman taken notice of by an Heathen Historian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 how taken in ancient Authors 32. The Apostles power in constituting Bishops Deacons conveyed unto others Yet such choice of Ministers according to Clement is ineffectuall without the generall consent of the people A difficult thing to know who and what kind of Bishops were first instituted by the Apostles Eusebius his confession to that purpose Most Records of the first times utterly lost 33. A sentence of Clement's severally interpreted by six very learned men Some of their various readings of it upon conjecture 34. Clement not faithfully dealt withall A transitive note added on purpose in the translation of a passage of his into English the better to make it appeare that Bishop and Presbyter are distinguisht by him Which notwithstanding appeares not out of him 35. PAUL's Gospel What in Clement is to be understood thereby S. Johns first Epistle cited also under the Title of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 No alteration of Church-government caus'd upon the Factions and Schismes of the Corinthians as is urged Jerome is therein defended 36. Whether there were another Cephas besides Peter The place of Paul 1 Cor. 1.12 understood of Peter by Clement against some Interpreters 37. A place of Clement's urged by Clement of Alexandria 38. Another place of his also to be found in his writings 39. A place of Clement's translated by Jerom. 40. Epiphanius mis-applies a passage in Clement Chrysostom's imitation of the
same place and his golden Resolution 41. Clement excused for urging the story of Judith by the example of the Apostles who in their Epistles cite severall Apocrypha of the Jews beside Heathens 42. A place of some antient Gr. Tragedian perhaps alluded to by Clement 43. The practice of Presbyterian government only asserted by this Epistle The weightinesse of the charge and what care the people ought to have in the choice of such as are to sustain the burthen thereof 44. A sentence of Clement's perhaps restored to this Epistle where the lacuna is out of Basil the Great Clement's Epistle to the Corinthians cited by the Author of the Questions ad Orthodoxos It is not Justin Martyrs The antiquity and authority of the Sibyllin Verses 45. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 This word borrowed by Polycarpus out of Clement 46. Clement speaking of Christ is defended against the censure of Photius the Patriarch of CP 47. Their names who carried this Epistle from Rome to the Church of Corinth Fortunatus Biton The holy forgery of the Primitive times Apocryphall Gospels and Epistles under the Apostles and other holy Mens names ANNOTATIONS THe Church of God which so journeth at Rome to the c. I. Two things may be observed from the very Inscription of this Epistle First The equality that was as well between these two Churches themselves as the Governors thereof called Elders of the Church and Bishops there being at this time no Superiority or precedency which notwithstanding the Bishops of Rome have since then affected Secondly That the Elders of both by themselves without any extraordinary Bishop placed over them did govern as well the Church of Rome as that of Corinth it being very unlikely that the names of them should have been concealed in this Inscription had either of the Churches had any one at that time in such eminency of place or power above the other Rulers For Clement was not now any singular or * As he was not formerly at Philippi See H. Grotius upon the following Scripture Phil. 4.3 2 Tim. 4.21 onely Bishop of Rome nor placed above the Presbâ—tery thereof But one of those Ministers whose help the Apostles used in founding of Churches Paul calling him his fellow-laborer as was Linus also without question whom he mentions too and both whom the Ecclesiasticall History makes Bishops of Rome some placing them both before Anacletus and of the two Linus first some making Clement last of the three but others again put him before either of the other two Cl. Salmas dissert de Episcop Presbyt cap. 4. Which confusion the learned Sâ—lmasius conceives to proceed from no other cause then that they were not particular and onely Bishops as the most would have them to be but some of those many Presbyters who were appointed to govern the Church of Rome with equall and joynt power And truly the Reverend B P Vsher * Dissert de Ignatii c. scriptis cap. 18. in addend p. 137. qâ—um ista scripsit Clemens Epis Pres communia adhâ—c videantur fuisse nomina Nicol. Vedel Exercit. 8. in epist Ignat ad Maria. 11. ca. 3. acknowledgeth that when this Epistle was written by Clement the names of Bishop and Presbyter seemed to be common as indeed thereby it appeares though Vedelius the Professor of Geneva grant that this distinction was already * jam invaluisse grown for some good while to be in use in Clement's time which how it can be Clement's banishment nay Martyrdome happening very presently upon the writing thereof as is most probably †v. Dn. Juâ—ium in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Notas ad Clementem conjectured I leave to others to consider of However it is a very good observation which the learned Mr Yong maketh that Clement being to exhort the disagreeing and factious part of the Church of Corinth to compliance and brotherly condescension in love and humility he makes no use of any power from his own but gently entreats them through the whole Epistle in the generall Name of the Church of Rome never mentioning himself or his own authority any way So unfitting a thing did those holy men of the Primitive times conceive it to be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that I may use Clement's own words imperiously and arrogantly to advance themselves over the flock and people of Christ allowing such no part or portion at all in him contrary to what we have seen and have been very sensible of in our dayes II. The calamities and sad accidents which have happened unto us All antiquity being wholly silent about the time when this Epistle was written learned Mr Yong from these words as also from a main circumstance in Clement's relation of Paul's suffering doth make a probable conjecture that it was sent by him in the time of his banishment to the Church of Corinth which was about the beginning of Trajan or not long after some two yeares before his martyrdome Baron ad An. XCV § 1. The great Annalist refers the writing of it to the twelfth yeare of Domitian some six or seven years sooner But his Eminency pleases not to vouchsafe any ground or reason for his so doing Yet his industry is very highly to be honored for that despairing ever to find an entire Copy he first attempted to collect out of the Fathers writings and set together the unvaluable reliques of this * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Euseb l. 3. c. 12. Eccl. Hist 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Niceph. Call lib. 3. cap. 18. admirable and †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Iren. li. 3. c. 3. apud Euseb absolute for so it was esteemed of old and withall * Valdè utilis Hieron in Catalog Script Ecclesiast most usefull Epistle as it were the fragments and shattered parcells of some inestimable but almost decayed statue being not the lesse to be respected for that it had undergon the same fate which by the meanes of bad times and worse hands many an excellent and choice piece hath met with to the unspeakable loss and damage of posterity Abominable and ungodly sedition III. Baronius makes the first Epistle of Paul to the Corinthians wherein he taxes them for their a 1 Cor. 1.10 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 schisms and b 1 Cor. 3.3 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 factions Ad annum LVII § 2. to be written neer forty years before this of Clement It should seem very strange that notwithstanding the earnest endevours of the Apostles and their ministers in the Gospel for settling of peace and unitie in this Church their divisions should revive and again get head with more strength and obstinacy and grow more inveterate as appeares by this present abominable and ungodly sedition and breach among them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Clem. so soon did the enemy that evil one begin to sow his tares even in the purest times and Congregations and so unhappily they
be presently after and that at Antioch far enough out of the way from Hierusalem to Rome where he withstands him to his face and frights him frō meddling any more with the Gentiles as being wholly contrary to their compact and agreement Gal. 2.11 From hence he withdraws and separates himself Gal. 2.12 But whither goes he To the Jewes or Christians in Rome At this time there were none to be found there Orosius c Oros lib. 7. c. 6. out of Josephus Claudii anno nono expulsos Vrbe Judaeos refert Josephus Suetonius d In Claudio cap. 25. Judaeos impulsore * Christ. So called by the Heathen Chresto assiduè tumultuantes Româ expulit Claudius had banished thence all the Jews before Peter could get thither that is the Christians aswel †Adi Arrian in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lib. 2. cap. 9. parùm heic intellectum ab Interprete 1 Pet. 1.1 for as yet they were not so quite discriminated by the Romans so that Orosius needed not so much to have troubled himself about this place of Suetonius Most certainly he went then to the strangers scattered in Asia c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 whose Metropolis was Babylon and from whence he wrote his First Epistle 1 Pet. 5.13 The Church which is at Babylon elected together with you saluteth you That Babylon heer is meant of Rome it is not Eusebius out of fancifull Papias or Jerom out of him that can perswade us without better reasons Ad An. XLV § 17. Nec me imprudenter dicturum existimo c. For the conceit indeed of Baronius that Peter should give a false name to the place because he would not be found out where he was truly it is not altogether irridiculous though himself thinks he speaks somewhat prudently therein We know the difference between Epistolicall and Propheticall expressions and confess we deserve to be laugh'd at if we should beleeve him that it was usuall with the Apostles to change mens names aswell as the names of places for particular ends and advantages as we have seen the Jesuites do with us the Cardinals very friends and greatest Champions for Peters Primacy at Rome By this time it appeares to every ingenuous understanding that will not suffer it self 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be led by the nose by whatever authority it is which can but plead antiquity that Peter for some XX. years after Christs Ascension never so much as saw Rome 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod erat demonstrandum Let us now speak to the other XVII years We have seen that during the Reign of Tiberius Caligula and even unto the end of Claudius Peter hath never been at Rome Nero is next Let us hear what the great e Jos Scalig. ad Joan XVIII com 31. Amender of times will say A Christi in coelum receptu ad IV. annum Neronis certo certius est Petrum Romam non venisse You hear how peremptory he is He tells us certainty it self is not more certain then that Peter never came to Rome before the IIII. year of Nero. Whether he did after that or no remaines to be examined About the end of Claudius or at least the beginning of Nero as is generally beleeved some two or three years before his own coming thither Paul writes his Epistle to the Romans though Pareus would have it later In the last Chapter thereof he salutes besides others by name neer upon thirty f Rom. 16.2 Saints men and women of that Church Now res ipsa clamat saith Calvin g Institut cap. 8. § 101. non debuisse Petrum praeteriri si Romae fuisset Not Christian charity but common ingenuity may wonder that Peter should be omitted had he been at Rome Tantaene animis coelestibus irae So fervent sure was S. Paul's love to all the Saints that he could by no meanes neglect much less hate him whom he had once thought worthy of his chiding and reproof at Antioch Or had he left Rome by reason or the Edict of Claudius as Baronius h Ad An. LVIII § 51. pretends but having no Testimony in the world for it and yet this is all the reasons he allegeth for Paul's not naming him though he makes shew of more so great a light of the Church being missing from his own Orb might have seemed worthy of S. Paul's enquiring after especially writing to the place where he is conceived to have had such power and preëminence But some few yeares after Paul himself comes to Rome There was store then of Jews and Christians in the City Doth he then finde Peter returned No such matter set down by him that tells us the story and it is not probable that Peter's name at least in case he were come back to Rome should have wanted setting down by him that was otherwise very studious of his actions and who tels us that many others resorted unto Paul while he dwelt in his own hired house Act. 28.30 for the space of two whole years together None no not any the least mention neither of his being at Rome is to be found in those many Epistles written there by Paul to the Galatians Ephesians Philippians Colossians Timothy Philemon after his long continuance in that place He acquaints the * Gal. 1.18.2.11 Galatians with his seeing him at Hierusalem and Antioch and could no accident happen at Rome that might minister him occasion to mention his seeing him there if perchance he did so in his Letters to none of the Churches He gives testimony to the Philippians concerning this Clement then with him in Rome when he wrote his †Phil. 4.3 Epistle to them and would he say nothing of Peter by whom they will needs have Clement constituted to be his successour in the Bishoprick of Rome He tels the same Philippians he had none with him so equally affected like himself as was Timothy for their good all others seeking their own not the things which are Jesus Christs Can this aspersion light upon Peter Can Timothy but a son of Paul's nurtering and a meer novice in comparison of Peter have a greater care of the people of Christ then he that forsooth must be Universall Bishop of all the Churches S. Paul tels the same Timothy that at his first answer at Rome none stood with him 2 Tim. 4.16 but all men forsook him High shame for Peter if so be he were then at Rome Nay in the same Epistle which they tell us was written in the last i Henr. Bunting Chron. Eccles c. 2 Tim. 4.6.7.8.10.12.11 year of Nero and is that of both their Martyrdoms S. Paul signifying unto him with a prophetique spirit no doubt his departure being at hand the finishing of his cours and the obtaining of a Crown he acquaints him withall what way Demas and Crescens and Titus and Tychicus had taken And out of a consideration of his own solitude he lets him know
place by his Insulae in mari he understands undoubtedly the Britannies as he seems to interpret himself g De Car. Graec. affect lib. IX elswhere telling us that among others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he meanes Paul did perswade 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Britains and Gauls as well as other Nations to receive the Laws of Christ crucified And for farther witness the very same is affirmed by Sophronius h Serm. de Natal Apost the Patriarch of Hierusalem not he whose spurious and counterfeit book we have inscrib'd Fragment Peregrin Petri Pauli and by Venantius i De vitâ Martini lib. 3. Fortunatus a very antient Christian Poët whose is this Transiit Oceanum vel quà facit insula portum Quasque Britannus habet terras quasque ultima Thule But you will say his testimony is in verse I say little to that But dare be confident that that is but Poëtry or making which the k Rob. Person de 3b. Convers Angliae part 1. cap. § 21. Rich. Vitus Basiâ—sâ—â—ch hist Brit. lib 4. Jo. Pâ—thâ—us Relat de reb Anglicis Praefat. de Antiq. Eccles Brytannicae c. Papists our countrymen would delude us with about Peter's being heer his constituting Churches and ordaining Bishops Presbyters and Deacons among us for they would have little good done any where but by him and all this upon very unsound or to speake better upon false and forged authorities For as for l Lâ—b 2. ca. 40. Nicephorus Callistus their best Author neither he Niceph. Gregoras or any other of the name are of any antiquity almost to speak of beyond yesterday therefore not to be credited in a business of this kind and Baronius himself confesseth that this is delivered m Ad An. XLIV § 38. absque aliquo antiquorum testimonio For Dorotheus n In Synopsi the writing which beares his name * Salm. de Ep. Presbyt Rivet Crit. Sacri lib 3. ca. 13. Rob. Cocus Censur p. 115. is most certainly supposititious And their third man is the very Jacobus de Voragine or if I could say worse of the Greek Church I mean o Sym. Metaph ad diem XXIX Junii Symeon Metaphrastes who whereas he cites Eusebius for what he saies I am afraid he doth but put a false die upon us No such thing appears in his History of the Church where it should be found as in its most convenient place if it were in some part of him which is not come to our hands we can say nothing to that but Quod perîsse videmus perditum ducimus These are all Yet we could help them to a fourth man my Lord of Arundel's Gr. Anon. MS. p Apud Dn. Junium in Not. ad Clement of the Travels of Peter and Paul I might have thought him the forged Sophronius before mentioned but that I see him to be but a gleaner at best out of Symeon the Translater and in this business of Peter's being in Britain he is transcribed by him verbatim Let who so will see for better satisfaction Fran. Goodwin de Convers Britan. cap. 1. p. 7. D. Vsser de Britan. Ecclesiar Primordiis cap. 1. p. 8. Jerom q Catal. Scriptor Eccl. in PAULO who translated this Epistle into Latin above CC. years ago seems to have had this place of Clement in his mind when he wrote these words of Paul Evangelium Christi in Occidentis quoque partibus praedicavit which saies he he did after his first dismission obtained at Rome from Nero whereof himself makes mention II Tim. IV. 16. Repent ye house of Israel c. See Mr Yong's Notes ad pag. 11. XII edit Graecolat and what is observed heer Num. VII and IIX of the joyning of many places of Scripture into one sense or period and of the differing readings from our ordinary Bibles XIII Let us fasten our contemplation c. This passage and those that follow are transcribed hence by Clemens Alexandrinus in his 4. Stromat XIV Preached the instauration of all things to the World He meanes the restitution of what perished in the Flood by the encrease of those creatures which in the following words he tels us God saved in the Ark. Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The word is used in Matthew for the second coming of Christ in his Kingdome and power to judge the world Matth. 19.28 Apoc. 21.5 when he shall make all things new For Matthew's language 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is expressed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by Luke Luk. 22.30 speaking of the same promise of Christ to his Disciples that they should then sit upon XII Thrones judging the XII Tribes of Israel But later Christian Writers of the Gr. Church take it some for the generall Resurrection at the last day others for Regeneration or the New birth which is by Baptism It is needless to heap hither their autorities XV. Pillar of salt remaining even unto this day Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Josephus witnesseth as much who moreover tels us that he saw it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 lib. 1. cap. 12. But Lot 's wife as they retired thence looking back towards the City and more curiously beholding the destruction thereof contrary to the Commandment of God was transformed into a pillar of salt which I have seen for it remaineth even untill this day Now Clement and Josephus were Synchroni Tertullian witnesseth it was to be seen in his time that is not an hundred and fifty years after them Which we may the less wonder at when as besides Burchardus and divers others our late English Travellers into those parts affirme that it is still undissolv'd and standing Sulpicius Severus 300. years after Clement calls this Pillar onely molem a Hist sacr l. 1. omitting to set down both the form and substance or matter it consisted of But his not omissions onely but manifest departing from the exact verity of the Holy Text may frequently be observed Otherwise he tels the story hansomly and like himself Sed mulier parùm dicto audiens humano malo quo agriùs vetitis abstinetur reflexit oculos statimque in molem conversa traditur Be ye mercifull that ye may obtain mercy CLEMENT'S Gr. XVI 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Luke's Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 But see once for all N. VII Although he could do all things Gr. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hierom XVII as is before observed turn'd this Epistle into Latin which we may fear is now quite lost His copy seems to have had 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 missing heer reading it thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For so accordingly he translates this period yet to be found in his writings upon the LII Chapter of the Prophet Esay Sceptrum Dei Dominus Jesus Christus non venit in jactantiâ superbiae cum possit omnia sed in humilitate I have followed him It is far the more cleare reading yet Jerom doth not render 〈◊〉 〈◊〉