in aliud opus destinato Hence their Encaenia solemn Feasts at their Devoting of their Temples to the Worship of some Idol God Modern Heathen I confess I have not yet met with any thing in my reading to fill up this Section but am willing to leave a void space for the Reader to fill up at his leisure for his own Use for I cannot be induced to think but they generally use some Ceremony for this purpose tho perhaps our Travellers finding the Structures erected and peradventure long before their Arrival into the Countries might see nothing of it nor make enquiry about it Diabolical Delrius tells us out of a French Book of Florimund Raimunds a Senator of the King 's in the Court of Burdeaux that an old Woman Tried in that Court A. 1594. for Witch-craft confessed of her own accord That being a Girl she was enticed by an Italian Man on the Eve of S. John Baptist at Midnight to go with him into a certain Feild where the Italian mark'd out a Circle on the ground with a Beech Wand and muttered certain words over which he read out of a black Book and presently upon it a great black Goat stood by them with great Horns attended with two Females and by and by a Man came in Priests Habit c. Mag. Disq l. 6. 5. Priests and Church Officers their Distinction and Office Jewish 1. The High Priest whose Office was 1. Peculiar to himself as to enter into the Holy of Holies once a year upon the Propitiation day 2. Common with other Priests He had his Suffragan or Sagan 2. Inferior Priests whose Office was 1. To burn Incense and Offer Sacrifice 2. To sound the Trumpets for War and Assemblies 3. To slay the Sacrifices 4. To instruct the People 5. To Judg of the Leprosy David divided the Company of Priests into 24 Orders who were to serve in their turns by lot 1 Chro. 24. the chief of every Rank was called Summus Sacerdos 3. Levites in David's time divided 1. Into Treasurers some Gershonites 2. Judges and Overseers some Cohathites 3. Porters some Merarites 4. Singers In Moses time they bore the Tabernacle and Vessels c. 4. Prophets 1. Extraordinary Seers 2. Ordinary Expositors of the Law which no later times were 1. Wise men Pharisees wise above the Text of the Law taught Traditions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 2. Scribes not the Writing-Masters but Doctors of the Law who were to Write Read and Expound the Law of Moses 3. Disputers who taught Allegories and the Mystical Senses of the Text call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Darshanim and their Homily Midrasch Note the First-born of all the Tribes were to manage Religious Affairs 'till the Levites were chosen in their room Exod. 13.2.15 Christian I. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Consecrated to the more proper and immediate acts of Worship These were I. Bishops usually chosen out of the Presbyters distinct from and Superiour to Presbyters as Blondid and Salmasius confess about the latter end of the Second Century Consider 1. Their Office viz. To Teach and Instruct the People to administer the Sacraments Excommunicate Absolve to preside in the Assemblies of the Clergy to ordain inferiour Officers to call them to Account to Suspend c. to urge the observance of Ecclesiastical Laws to appoint indifferent Rites to inspect and provide for those of their Charge 2. Order 1. Chorepiscopi Suffragan or County Bishops Vicarii Episcopi where the Diocess was large in imitation of the Seventy Disciples for so many they were at first 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Visitors Rural Presbyters who were to go up and down the Countrey to correct what was amiss 3. Arch-Bishops Metropolitans in every great City who were to Ordain or to Ratifie Elections of Bishops once a Year to Summon the Bishops under them to a Synod to enquire direct admonish suspend determine c. 4. Metropolitans Honorary or Titular without any real power yet taking place of other Bishops 5. Patriarchs Primates 2. Presbyters who were to Preach Baptize Consecrate the Eucharist assist the Bishop in publick Administrations These were 1. Clerici Superioris loci Antistites in ordine secunde Presbytens of every great City who were a kind of Ecclesiastical Senate Counsellors and Assistants to the Bishops in their Government and had Seats of Eminency in the Churches next the Bishop's Throne 2. Ordinary Presbyters N. B. They did not usually exercise the Power conferred by Ordination upon them in any Diocess without leave from the Bishop 3. Deacons who were to attend at the Lord's Table where the People met every Lord's Day to offer for the Poor Hence they have used to deliver the Sacramental Elements to the People also to Preach and Baptize Assistants to the Priest as he to the Bishop the number in any one place not above Seven 1. Arch-Deacon the Eye of the Bishop chosen out of the Deacons to inspect all parts of the Diocess 2. Sub-Deacon who assisted the Deacons waited at the Church Doors usher'd in and brought out the several Orders Catechumens c. 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vid. Pag. 25. Mahometan 1. Musti i. e. Interpreter of the Alcoran who is as High-Priest attending only Matters of Faith and Religion He is Head of the Church and decides all Questions in their Law 2. Cadilesquiri Talismani i. e. Doctors of the Law resident at C. P. or where the Prince pleaseth These are as it were Patriarchs They examine the Cadis of divers Provinces These also call the People to Prayers among the Turks 3. Mulli qu. Bishops who place and displace Church-men at pleasure 4. Nuderisi qu. Suffragans who are to inspect the Cadis 5. Cadis Judges to punish Offenders there is one in every City 6. Naipi Young Judges or Candidates for the Office 7. Hogi who write Books and teach Sciences 8. Calfi who read unto them that Write 9. Sosti Young Students or Novices in the Law Some add Sophi Singers of Psalms c. Ancient Heathen 1. Pontifex Maximus the highest of the Chief Priests who was to appoint the Ceremonies belonging to the Worship of the Gods 2. Flamen or High Priest who was named according to the Gods whom they served as Hamen Martialis Hamen Dialis Humen Quirinalis c. 3. Priests 1. Of Cybele Curetes Corybantes Galli 2. Of Ceres and Bacchus Fratres Arvales who offered Sacrifices Ambarvales Hostias and Judged about the bounds of Fields 3. Of Mars Salii who were to keep the Ancile 4. Of Pan Lupercales c. 5. Of Jupiter Druids in use amongst the Gauls Curiones were Parish-Priests or Curates Two for a Curia Fifty Curiae in Rome over these was Curio Maximus 4. Priestesses of Vesta Vestal Virgins Six or Four in number who were to attend the Sacrifices of Ops or Bona Dea and to keep a Fire continually burning for the safety of the Empire as God hath set Stars in the Firmament for the good of the World Modern Heathen 1. The
and departs not for a whole year being altogether employed in the service of the Church The Priest who is married after saying Mass must not return home to eat or drink or lye with his wife for 5 days M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 10. The Muscovy Priest that hath known his wife the night before or kiss'd a dead body or been at the interment of any may not communicate next day If a Muscovy Priest marries a wife that hath been defil'd he must lose her or his Priesthood and for this end search is made the first night of marriage The Muscovite Priest that lies with his wife in Lent is suspended for a year D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels He must be the husband of one wife and one of good life Upon his being a widower he administers the Sacrament no longer Idem The Clergy among the Indian Christians now marry but once the Laity twice Sr. Th. Herb. The Greek Priests neither shave nor cut their hair but wear it as long as it will grow and many of them have thick heads of hair but those that have least receive most refreshment here Dr. Brown's Trav. Mahometan Among the Mahometan-Priests the Dervices are accounted the strictest whose Holiness consists especially in 1. Their Washing 2. Their Garments 3. Beards 4. Prayers c. 5. Singing 6. Dancing 7. Voluntary Mortifications and Hardships Concerning which see more up and down in this Book As for the other Orders most of the highest Pretenders to Devotion are guilty of much Hypocrisie as will be spoken of in its due place Ancient Heathen 1. The Priest's Garments were to be pure and clean from Spots Purâque in Veste Sacerdos Virg. l. 12. The Old Babylonian-Priests shaved their Heads and Beards 2. They were to be clean themselves 1. Free from Murder c. 2. Sober and Temperate The Egyptian-Priests were sparing in Diet to a wonder They abstained from Flesh and Wine eat little Bread refused Eggs and Milk used only Oil and Herbs Fasted three days Text. They wash thrice in the Day and twice in the Night The Persian Magi used no Food but Flour and Herbs The Indian Gymnosophists used only Apples or Flour 3. Chaste The Priests of Cybele were to make themselves Eunuchs Some used a Stone to castrate themselves with Others as the Hierophante of the Athenians drank Hemlock for the same purpose Women that were to initiate strew'd their Bed with Vine-Leaves They were to abstain nine Days and Nights at least from all Uncleanness before Sacrificing Perque novem noctes Venerem tactusque virorum In vetitis memorant I am of Opinion That he who comes to do Sacrifice or meddle with the Laver or have the charge of Divine Service must be Holy not for a set Time or number of Days but all his Life Demosth in Orat. contr Timocr In case of Pollution they were to wash their Hands Bapte the Priestesses of Cotytto at Athens were washed in hot Water before admission to her filthy Sacrifices called Orgia Modern Heathen In Siam the Ecclesiasticks are very exemplary in their Lives 1. They are to be Learned 2. Vow Chastity but in case of Inability to keep their Vows may quit the Priest-hood 3. They are prohibited the Company of Women on pain of being burnt alive 4. Are to say Service regularly Morning and Evening Mandelslo 5. They go still bare-footed and in poor Clothes Rosse 6. Outwardly they are very modest and never seen to be angry Tavernier In Paria Guiana and Debaiba the Priests are Stoned or Burnt if they marry against their Vow of Chastity Rosse Diabolical Here is little Holiness to be expected unless in Disguise and Hypocrisie and in such a way when it serves for his Interest the Devil can insist upon Holiness too For he shifts his Qualifications according to his Scene He commonly requires in Magicians Curiosity in Witches Malice in Enthusiasts Superstition In all so much Impiety as may null their Christian Profession and make void their Baptismal Vows And if it may be an express Retractation of Them and a New Covenant made and sign'd between Him and Them 10. Maintenance Respect and Privileges of the Clergy Jewish 1. THE Priests had for Maintenance 1. Cities and Suburbs 2. First-Fruits 1. Of Trees i. e. the Fruit of the Fourth Year the three first Years not being gathered 2. Of every Year's Increase viz. First-Fruits 1. In the Sheaf in the beginning of Harvest 2. In two Wave-Loaves in the end at Pentecost 3. Of the Dough a twenty fourth part 4. Of the Threshing-Floor a sixtieth part Some gave a fortieth part The Phariseer between the thirtieth and fiftieth 5. Of Men to be redeemed with 5 Shekels of Silver 6. Of Beasts which were to be Sacrificed and their Flesh to be the Priests 3. Sacrifices Deut. 18.1 2. 4. Tithes 1. From the Levites viz. a tenth part out of the Tithe paid to them after the First-Fruits of the Threshing-Floor were paid called the Tiâ—â—â— of Tithes 2. A Second Tithe paid in kind or in Money a fifth part being added So that what was 10 in 100 in kind changed into Money was 12 in 100. 5. Privileges The Whole amounts to a Sixth Part. Scaliger 2. The Levites had 1. Tithes 2. A Share in the Sacrifices and Love-Feasts For The Second Tithe was brought to Jerusalem and there a feast made for Priests and Levites Every third year 't was spent at home on Levites Fatherless Widows Christian 1. In the first ages nothing probably but 1. The common contributions at their usual assemblies Every one giving according to their ability or devotion 2. The offerings made out of the improvement of their lands The first fruits being partly offered at the Church partly sent home to the Bishops and Presbyters Apost Can. 3.4 The care of all which was committed to the Bishop or President Ibid. Can. 41. and by him disposed of for the use of 1. The Clergy 2. The Poor 3. The Church necessities 2. Afterwards times growing better there were fixed Revenues houses and lands settled Euseb l. 10. c. 5. Where mention is made of possessions belonging to the whole body or community of Christians e. g. Houses and Gardens c. 3. In Constantine's time a portion was assign'd to the Church 1. Out of the Tributes of every City which were yearly paid into the Exchequer 2. The Estates and inheritances of Martyrs dying without children or banished 3. Salaries out of the publick Corn. 4. The Emperor gave liberty to the bounty of people which former Emperors had restain'd 5. He exempted the Priests from all Civil Offices At this time the Laicks among the Indian-Christians pay their Decimae their Tenths Sir Tho. Herbert Mahometan The Mahometans give their Priests 1. Honour and Respect My Author saith that himself found much respect among the Hindoes and Mahometans because they looked upon him as a Padre and also with the Mogul himself who when he came first before him bid him by one of his Grandees
THE HISTORY OF ALL RELIGIONS In the World From the Creation down to this Present Time In Two Parts The First containing their THEORY and the other relating their PRACTICES Each divided into Chapters by the several Heads or Common Places of Divinity Viz. The Object of Religious Worship the Place the Time the Persons Officiating the Manner and the Parts of Worship c. With Various INSTANCES upon Every Head To which is added A Table of HERESIES AS ALSO A Geographical Map Shewing in what Countrey Each Religion is Practised Written in a different Method from anything yet published on this Subject By William Turner M. A. and Vicar of Walberton in Sussex Every man unto his God What meanest thou O sleeper arise call upon the God Jon. I. 5 6. LONDON Printed for Iohn Tunton at the Raven in Jewen-street And are also to be sold by Edm. Richardson in the Upper Court in Scalding-Allay near the Poultrey-Church 1695. TO THE Right Reverend Father in God ROBERT Lord Bishop of Chichester My Lord IT cannot be improper certainly for one of your Clergy to make an Address of this Nature to your Lordship and upon a Religious Theme too If the Office be any one 's 't is yours upon Approbation to vindicate as it lies in your way the honest Essays and Exercises of those which are under your Discipline Permit it to go into the world under your Lordship's Name and leave all the Defects and Imperfections upon the Author's Score 'T is enough to me if the Substance of it be pretty tolerable We are no Angels but a kind of degenerate Spirits dress'd up in Flesh and Blood and acting here a while according to those Organs and Faculties and Advantages we are supplied with in the Service of our Great Creator and Redeemer My Lord Upon a Survey of all Churches in the World I think we of this Church and Nation are as happy as any People under the Sun except only in one thing that we neither Know nor Value our own Happiness A Vertigo and Spirit of Giddiness hath possessed the Nation of late years which makes our Heads turn round upon our Shoulders and our Hearts unquiet and discontented within us We have Excellent both Doctrine and Worship and as good a Class of Bishops and Clergy and as much Learning Piety and Prosperity as any Church within Ken. Notwithstanding would to God a Pencil were drawn once more over those Lines which administer any Occasion of Objection that if possible our Light may shine clearer and our Beauty be more inviting to all Beholders and our Lustre so convictive to our Adversaries that we may have no Occasion of Disputing but the Comfort and Praise of Believing and Living and Loving like Christians May your Lordship go on as you have begun to preside over this Diocess with a Gravity of Admonition Exemplariness of Conversation and Integrity of Discipline till it shall seem good to the Almighty who placed you here to remove you hence either to Heaven or a Better Station upon Earth Which is the hearty Prayer of My Lord Your Obedient Son and Humble Servant W. Turner TO THE READER THat I may satisfy a little the inquisitive humour of the Age we live in I have somewhat to say upon the design of this Book partly for my own Vindication in the Writing of it and partly for the encouragement of others in the reading it 'T is too well known that the Variety which appears in Religion hath contributed no small matter to Scepticism and Atheism and Impiety in the World but by vertue of what Argument I know not for I am confident had men but a full prospect of the Case and would use their Brains to purpose and pause soberly upon the whole Scheme and compare one Religion with another they would find themselves in a short time straitn'd with this Dilemma that they must be Religious or singular in the World they must betake to some Church or other for Sanctuary or turn out of the common Society with Man-kind And to be of no Religion at all is the ready road to the storms of Conscience the reproaches of the World and the indignation of Heaven A perfect Atheist is fit for no place here but Bedlam If they find a necessity of being Religious here 's their choice All the Religions in the World met together at a general Rendezvous let them be examin'd fairly impartially freely and fully we fear no Muster Christianity is Examination-proof And as for the subordinate Sects and Branches 't is divided into neither will that make any terrible Objection the Essence is the same in every part 'T is true Blood runs through all the Veins all the Members of the Man are Human tho some are weaker than others some more distempered than others here a Scab and there an Impostume or Gout or Cramp or Palsy or something to make an apparent difference and distinguish it from the rest If Men had but half as much Skill in Spirituals as they have commonly in telling Money and discerning Coyns or in chusing Cattle and buying Lands the best Religion in the World would not go so long a Begging as it doth But this is not all I am to tell the Reader that I have not Cited all my Authorities that would have been a Task with a witness in such a work as this is for 't is all Collection from the beginning to the end but I was not very incurious in my Reading Some Authors I have been a gross Plagiary to where they served for my purpose particularly Dr. Cave in his Primitive Christianity and Mr. Râ—câ—ut and the Reverend Dr. Addison c. whose writings I have squeez'd into an Epitome and prevail'd with them to speak in my Method and Order tho for the most part in their own words and I hope I shall never be charged with Felony for what I have done The particular uses which the following Tables may serve to are many The Ingenious Reader will start some not contemptible Notions all the way he goes I will suggest none but leave every man to improve his Intellectuals as well as he can And if what I have done may do any good to any one Reader I shall not be more unhappy than some others that have writ before me Read with Candor and excuse my Defects with what Alleviations the Case is capable of and I am sure if thou art not wanting to thy self here are Materials enough to build some excellent Meditations upon Had I had the freedom of access to a good Library and more leisure from my necessary Cares and Business I had done better but 't is such as was consistent with my Orb and no Wise man will expect more I have only one thing more to request before I conclude and that is that as I am my self as Catholick in my both Faith and Charity as Catholicism is Lawful and Commendable so I would to God our Western Christians would take a full
Persees have 1. A Dostoor or High-Priest who seldom appears openly but when he doth is much Reverenc'd 2. Daroes or Harboods inferiour Priests who are by their Law to dwell near and abide much in their Eggarees Temples to give Advice unto any that shall repair unto them 2. In Guinea the Priest is called Fetissero 3. In Ceilon the Priests are of three Orders 1. Priests of the Buddon-God which live in the Vehars Temples proper to that God These are 1. Tirinaxes Superiours 2. Gonni 2. Koppuhs Priests to the other Gods who are to offer in the Temple Dewal boyl'd Rice and other Victuals to the Idol 3. Jaddeses Priests of the Spirits Diautduâ— who serve in the Covelt Temples built at their own charge They visit the Sick when sent for and offer a red Cock to the Devil 4. In Japan Bonzaes fifteen or twenty to a Pagod 5. In Fermosa Inibs Priestesses only Women who offer Prayers and Sacrifices in a most extravagant and obscene manner Mandilslo 6. In the Philippine-Islands their Priests are mostly Women Sorcerers Rosse 7. In Pegu Talapoi Diabolical Dr. d ee in his Magical Transactions made use of one Edward Kelle whom he calls his Seer or Skryer afterwards his Son Arthur Dee who in a round Stone or consecrated Crystal saw and heard all the Shapes and Figures and Voices of the Magical Apparitions 'T is hard to give a distinct Account of all those Persons which the Devil makes use of in a more than ordinary manner for the promoting of his Interest and doing Service to him We shall mention some of the chief 1. Magicians by 1. Stones as Dr. Dee 2. Rings as Excestus 3. Optic-Glasses 4. Riddles or Sieves 5. Figures 6. Dreams c. 7. Charms Spells c. 2. Common Witches and Wizards who have Communication with their Familiar Spirits 3. Fortune-Tellers Prognosticators Astrologers Jewish 1. Nethinims from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to give because given to the Service of the Temple Their Office was 1. to hew Wood. 2. Draw Water These were Gibeonites 2. Viri Stationarii 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who were to stand by during the Oblation and to carry the Gift for the rest of the People They serve in their courses of which there were twenty four Some mention Archi-synagogus the chief Ruler of the Synagogue N. B. Dr. Lightfoot saith There were Seven Readers appointed in their Synagogues who when the Angel of the Church or Minister of the Congregation called them out did read Now to every Synagogue belong six Officers 1. The Summas or Sacristan who keeps clean the Synagogue and trims the Lamps 2. The Pernas who provides the Wine given to the Youth at the entrance and end of their Sabbaths and Festivals 3. Mari-catab who folds and unfolds the Law c. 4. He who bears the Law in Procession through the Synagogue 5. The Elhaim who touch the two Staves of the Law called the Trees of Life on which the Law is rolled when carried 6. The Chesau or Precator Dr. Addison Christian 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Inferiour Ministers or Subordinate Officers 1. Acoluthus who was to attend the Bishop as a Witness of his Life or as some say to set up Lights at the reading of the Gospel 2. Exorcist who was to attend the Catechumens and Euergumeni and rehearse a Form of Prayer over them in the out-parts of the Church the People in the mean while praying within also to Catechise 3. The Reader whose Office was to stand near the Ambo and read the Portions of Scripture Julian the Apostate was one 4. Ostiarii to keep the doors of the Temple and shut out Hereticks Jews Gentiles Some add Fossarli Overseers of the Grave Cantores Laboratores c. 5. Deaconesses who were to help Women at Baptism to visit and instruct Women c. Such were Phoebe and Olympias in C. P. c. This is all out of Dr. Cave's Primitive Christianity A Parallel between the Civil and Ecclesiastical Government of the Romans A Justice of Peace a City a Bishop A Proconsul a Province Arch-bishop A Lieutenant a Diocess a Primate The Emperor the Empire Christ Jesus N. B. St. Hierom accounts a Bishop and Priest all one ad Tit. c. 1. And Clem. reckons but three degrees of the Clergy viz. Priest Deacon and Minister Clem. Ep. 2. de Conc. Di. 3. Mahometan The Director of their Prayers who among the Turks is called Imam but among the Persians Pichnamaz he says the Prayers and makes the rest say them and therefore he always stands foremost that the rest behind may see what he doth Seâ—thi as the Turks call them or Seriffi as the Moors are such as descend from Mahomet Amongst the Persians their Spiritual Officers are 1. The Sedre who is chief in Spirituals and sometimes promoted to be Eatmad Doulet i. e. Chief in Temporals 2. Scheik el Seiloâ— i. e. Sheik of the Law 3. Cadi Both these are named by the King and Judge of Controversies These two last decide all Points of Religion and make all Contracts Testaments and other publick Deeds Judges of Divorces and all civil Processes M. de Thev Among the Turks and Persians are Muezim qu. Sextons that call to Prayers from the tops of the Minarets some call them Talismans Choza Elders which execute the Service and Preach Modecis the Governor of an Hospital Antippi On Friday in the midst of the Temple in a place thirty steps high read something of the Life of Mahomet after which Two little Boys sing certain Prayes After which one of the Antippi with a Lance and Scimiter exhorts to defence of Religion Ancient Heathen 1. Duumviri afterwards 10 then 15. appointed by Tarquin Superbus to keep and interpret the Books of the Sibylls and especially of Cumana which were preserved in a stone Chest in the Capitol and to oversee the secular Solemnities 2. Soothsayers 1. Augurs who did in a high Place with a crooked Staff lituus limit a space in the Air to observe the flying of Birds or chirping tripudium and thence to foretel things to come 2. Aruspices who did inspect the Entrails of Beasts sacrificed for the same intent 3. Auspices qu. Avispices The College of them was at first 3 afterwards 4 then 9 and at last 15. Their Office was to consult the Gods in doubtful cases offer Sacrifices make Prayers Effata c. never concluding upon less than Two Signs 3. Fâ—ciales whose Office was to offer Peace or proclaim War by casting upon the Enemies land a bloody Lance or turning a Ram loose into their borders Upon the Conclusion of a Peace to offer a Hog for Sacrifice praying that whoso broke the Articles might perish as that Hog upon breach of Oath to offer a Hog for Sacrifice The High Priest among them was called Pater patratus 4. Aeditui kept the Temples and Keys 5. Pope Victimarii assisted in the Sacrifices 6. Epulones were Overseers of the Feasts 7. Preficae Women that wept for the Dead 8.
upon the back They wear long Hair M. de Thevenot Christians of S. John wear long Hair and a little Cross of Needle-work The Abyssine-Priests always carry a Cross abroad with them which is almost all the distinction which they have Job Ludolph The Hungarian-Priests wear Purple D. Browns When the Muscovite-Clergy walk in the Streets they have a Staff Posok forked at the end in the form of a right Angle which serves for a Crosier They wear no Rings lye on no Beds wear no Drawers or Shirts of Linnen but of Flannen Their ordinary Habit a black Cassock c. D. of Holst Emb. The Armenian Patriarch at Ispahan at Service-time had a Cope of Cloth of Silver with Flowers of Gold beset with great Pearls and a Miter of the same covered with round Pearls Idem Mahometan The Mullies or Moolaas are distinguished only with their beards which they wear long this in the Mogul's Country The Dervishes use a very mean Apparel on their Heads a Cap of white Felt much like our Night Caps The Cadilescher is cloathed in Chamlet Sattem Silk Damask or Velvet of seemly colour as Russet or Tawney and of purple-coloured Cloth with long sleeves Their Tulipan on their head is very great sharp in the midst of Purple or Russet Colour thicker and deeper than others their beards great they ride on Geldings with Purple Foot-clothes fringed and when they go on Foot they go slowly to represent a Gravity Purchas Ancient Heathen 1. The H. Priest of Jupiter wore a White 〈◊〉 Albogalerws figured with wingech Thunder of 〈◊〉 Round Form without which he might not go out of his House Also he wore a Purple Gown called Trabea mixt with Scarlet 2. The Priests of the Supernal Gods wore Purple as did also the Augurs in performing of their Office The Persian Priest used no Vestments but a Tiara for his Head clothed with Mirtle 3. The Priests of Pluto were clothed in Black Hence the Priests of Baal are in Scripture called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pullatâ veste induti Pagnin 4. The Priests of Ceres wore White Garments and Shoes Alba decent Cererem vestes Cerealibus albas Sumite Ovid. At Hierapolis were 300 Priests who ministred all in White with their Hands covered and sacrificed twice a day with singing and musical Instruments if to Juno but to Jupiter with none Rosse Their H. Priest wore purple and a Golden Mitre Idem The Arabians were clothed with Linen Mitres and Sandals Modern Heathen In Ceilon the Tirinaxa's and Gonni have both the same Habit viz. a Yellow Coat gathered together about their Waste which comes over the left shoulder girt about with a Belt of fine Pack-thread their heads are shaved and bare And they carry in their hands a round Fan with a wooden handle to keep off the Sun Capt. Knox. The Herboods of the Persees is usualy with a yellow Scarfe and thin Turbant on his Head Sr. Th. Herbert In Calicut at Sacrificing a Cock to the New Moon the Priest was Attired in Lawn with a sharp Silver Knife in his hand his Arms and Legs after the Morisco Mode with Bells or round Siler Plates Jingling Idem In Siam the Ecclesiastics have their Crowns shaved and wear Yellow Linnen Cloaths Mandelslo In China all the Religious Men are Cloathed in Serge but distinguished by colours black white and a dark grey the General is clothed in Silk Idem Among the Samodyes the Priest hath a white Garland on his Head and Ribs and Teeth of Fishes of wild Beasts hanging about him Rosse In Mexico a Crown of Rich Feathers Golden Pendants c. Diabolical It is not to be expected that Satan should distinguish his chief Ministers or Agents in this Mock-Religion by any visible or external Badg That were the way to discover and expose them to shame and punishment and to destroy his own cause Nor can I tell whether they have any Note of Distinction among themselves in their own Society But I remember Mr. Glanvil relates out of the confession of one or more Witches that sometimes the Devil had assembled them by Night in a Church and himself in the habit of a Minister apparelled in black with a little band preach'd to them out of the Pulpit Delrius also speaks of a Man in Sacerdotal habit and ornaments at a Midnight Assembly of Witches See before in the Chapt. of Dedication of Temples c. In Amboyna there is not a Master of a Family that hath not a Vesture extraordinary and a Ring carefully kept in the House for a perpetual Testimony of his Alliance to the Devil Mandelslo Holiness of Priests c. Jewish 1. The High-Priest might not 1. Mourn i. e. express his Mourning 1. By uncovering his head 2. Renting the Garment to wit from the bosom downward for any of his dead Kindred 2. Nor marry a Widow or Divorced or a Harlot 3. Nor go in to any Dead body 4. When he entered into the Holy of Holies he must make attonement by sacrifice for himself his house and the people 5. His daughter playing the whore must be burnt 2. The Priests Inferior might not 1. Mourn for other than Father Mother Son Daughter Brother Sister that had no husband Nor 2. Drink wine or strong drink when they were to go into the Tabernacle 3. Both High and Low were in their uncleaness to abstain from ministration under penalty of cutting off If defiled 1. By Leprosy 2. A Running Issue 3. Touching any thing unclean creeping thing c. In such a case they were to cleanese themselves by washing their flesh with water And were accounted unclean until the Evening Christian The Reader is desired to excuse me for inserting these Remarks somewhat improperly here which I did because I wanted room elsewhere The Armenian Arch-Bishops live only upon pulse M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 10. The Armenian Priest if he hath swallowed a drop of water in the morning must not say Mass The Bishops never eat flesh or fish above 4 times in a year As well Monks as Priests amongst the Armenians when they are to say Mass must remain 5 days in the Church without either going to bed or touching any thing with their hands unless the spoon wherewith they eat their meat Nor must they spit or blow their noses The next 5 days after saying Mass they must eat nothing but Eggs without butter or Rice with water and Salt M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 10. The Armenian who designs his Son for Priesthood carries him to the Priest who puts the Cope upon him this ceremony is repeated several times in several years till he come to be of age to say Mass After the fourth time of putting on the Chasuble or open Cope they marry him for all marry once but if they marry again they must give over saying Mass At 18 years of age they are capable of saying Mass Afterwards the Arch-Bishop or Bishops invest him with all the habits of a Priest After which he goes into the Church
three 3. The Company between ten and twenty meeting together and roasting it 4. Blessing the Cup and Bread 5. Dividing among the Guests 6. Eating it with 1. bitter Herbs and those Herbs 2. dipt in Sauce and all 3. without Leaven using also 4. in the posture of Travellers standing first afterwards lying or leaning 7. To a Child asking what means this Service Answering at large by way of Declaration or Annunciation Vid. Exod. 12.26 Also Godw. Antiq. 8. Washing the Feet of the Guests 9. Sprinkling the Door-posts wich the Blood 10. Eating all the Lamb breaking no Bones 11. On the Second Day Offering a sheaf of the First-Fruits of Harvest Lev. 23.10 for 'till then they might not reap 1. The Lamb was killed in the Court of the Temple 2. Was eaten in their own Houses in Jerusalem 3. The First and Last Days were Holy Convocations 4. Only the Circumcised might eat Ancient Christion and Muscovite 1. Principal 1. Easter wherein Observe 1. The Antiquity From the first Ages The Muscovites keep it now and call it Wellikoiden 2. The Time of keeping it 1. The Asiatic Churches on the first day of the first Month which always began with the Appearance of the Moon mostly answering to our March the Day of the Jewish Passover Thus did the Churches of Asia the less called Quartodecimans because they kept Easter on the 14th day after the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Moon Pleading the Example of the Apostles particularly S. John Polycarp c. Polycrates pleaded the Example of S. Philip. 2. The Western Churches on the Lord's Day following the Jewish Passeover Pleading likewise Apostolical Tradition The Procedure of the Controversie this 1. The Bishop of Rome would impose their Custom on the East 2. Polycarp comes to Rome to confer with Anicetus about it who agreed not yet part fairly 3. Pope Victor renewed the Quarrel threatening to Excommunicate the Eastern Churches 4. Irenaeus and others of his Party reproved the Pope for it 5. The Asian Churches went on 'till Constantine Summoning the Council of Nice which Ordained That it should be kept universally on the Lord's Day 3. The Preparation The Eve or Vigils of Easter was kept with Pomp Watchings multitudes of lighted Torches in Churches and private Houses so as to turn Night into Day as a Fore-runner of that Great Light The Sun of Righteousness Nazianz. 4. The Celebration of the Day it self It was spent in Works of Mercy and Charity to the Poor Constantine used to arise early this Day to bestow rich Gifts all over his Empire His Successors released Prisoners c. It was called The Holy and Famous Passeover Queen of Days Festival of Festivals Naz. Mar. 25. Blagauescenia Priziste bogorodice or the Annunciation of our Lady a Feast of the Muscovites D. of Holst Emb. Trav. Mahometan Persian-Azar Thirty One Days N. The Turkish Year consists of 354 Days divided into 12 Months Their several Months begin at the several Moons The Turks have their Easter too which they call Biram Vid. postea The Feast of Neurous i.e. New-years-day is kept in March when the Sun enters Aries so at Azmer in the East-Indies with Ornaments in the Palace much Pomp a Fair in the Seraglio by Ladies of the Court Feasting Dancing of Quinchenies Women and Maids of a Caste of that Name having no other Profession but Dancing Presents from and to the King M. de Thev Turk's Chaabanai Twenty Nine Days My Author accounts this also as a Feast of the Heathens in the E. Indies And so also in Persia say others who call it Nauras Ancient Heathen Mar. 27. Quinquatria Minervas Birth-Day Now the Salary Minerval was paid to the Masters It lasted 5 Days On the last Day Mar. 23. was the Tubilustrum a Lustration of the Sacred Trumpets 25. Hilaria Matris Deûm festa 28. Megalesia Modern Heathen The Chinese keep their New-Years-Day in March every Man striving to exceed others in the Fancy of their Pageants and adorning their Doors with Paper-Arches and Images all Night with Lanthorns and Lights Sin Th. Herb. Neurous New-Years-Day a Feast in the East-Indies M. de Thev In Tunquin every beginning of the Year they celebrate the Memory of those who in their life-time have done any noble Action reckoning in that number those that have been so hardy as to Rebel against their Princes and this with a very great Solemnity Tavernier When the Moon is at the full in March the Indian Idolaters keep a Solemn Festival for their Idol which is in form of a Serpent for nine days every Morning worshipping the Idol and the Maids dancing about it for an hour to the noise of Flutes and Drums after which they eat and drink and are merry till the Evening when they worship and dance about their Idol again M. Tavernier 2. In Ijar April and May. Jewish 10. A Fast Eli the High-Priest dies with both his Sons the Ark is taken Scaliger 23d Day of Ijar was ordained a Festival for the expiation of the Tower of Jerusalem by Simon Mac. 1 Mac. 13. Simon takes Gaza Scal. 28. A Fast Samuel the Prophet dieth and is lamented by all the People Scal. Ancient Christian Apr. 10. Palm-Sunday which the Muscovites celebrate with a Procession to represent out Saviour's entrance into Jerusalem Thus it was A. C. 1636. 1. The great Duke and Patriarch set out first 2. Many Priests followed in Copes and Surplices with Crosses Banners and Images upon long Poles some singing others casting Incense among the People 3. Goses the Duke's Merchants Clerks Secretaries Nobility and Gentry with Palms in their Hands c. 4. The great Duke with his Crown on his Head Supported by the Two Principal Counsellors of State led the Patriarch's Horse covered with Cloth and made to represent an Ass 5. The Patriarch rode upon him being himself attired with a round white Cap on his head of Sattin beset with rich Pearls and about it a very rich Crown a Cross of Diamonds in his right hand wherewith he bless'd the People who received his Benediction with bowing of their heads and making Crosses 6. About fifty little Boys most clad in red put off their Cassocks and scattered them along the way Others had pieces of Colth about an Ell square of all Colours which they laid on the ground for the Great Duke and Patriarch to pass over This is the same all over Muscovy D. of Holst Ambassador's Travels Apr. 17. was their Easter-Day 1636. Celebrated 1. With selling and sending Eggs of all colours to one another 2. Killing each other at Meeting with these words Christos wos Chrest i.e. Christ is risen the Answer is Wosten wos Chrest i.e. He is Risen indeed 3. Devotions at Church 4. Feasting Drunkenness c. Id. See afterwards under the Title of the Feasts of the Greck Church Wasnescenia Christova Ascension-Day a Feast of the Muscovites also Mahometan Persian Onzon Thirty Days This Month is called Ramadan as being the Month of Lent which they
4. Conc. Trid. A second Head of Cardinal Pool's Reformation was For the putting away of all FeAsting in the Festivities of the Dedication of Churches Dr. Burnet's Hist of the Reformation Mahometan Persian-Techrion el-avel 31. days 10th day of Rebiulewel is kept the Feast of Omar Reschdgiade in honour of an Illustrious Miller M. de Thev 12th day of this Moon Mahomet's Birth-day is celebrated by lighting Lamps round the Minarets Turkish-Rebiulewel ai 30. Days In the morning the Grand Seignior goes to the New Mosque where he causeth Sweet Meats and Sherbet to be brought from the Seraglio and after Prayers all eat and drink of them M. de Thev On this day the Poets make Sonnets in the praise of Mahomet which they rehearse publickly and are rewarded accordingly and Boys in Fez carry Wax Torches to School which they light before day and let them burn till Sun-rising all this while singing Mahomet's Praise Candles are on this day presented to the King of incredible height and bigness who that night hears all the Law read Ross Ancient Heathen Oct. 28. Mysteria minora 29. Libero Sacr. Nov. 1. Jovis Epulum Anthesteria seu Bacchanalia Sr. Thomas Herbert in his Travels in the E. Indies thought he found some remainders of this Festival in Casta as he guess'd by the dress mimic frisks and nightly pastimes the women practice There they covered themselves with skins adorn'd their heads had tresses with Ivy in one hand holding a leav'd Javelin and Cymbals of brass or Timbrels in the other attended by many boys and girls rambling like distracted people up and down and striving to rend the air with their continual clamours Sr. Tho. Herbert Modern Heathen Homespet amadum a feast on the 30 of Spindumu'd or Octob. Jewish 9. In Chisleu November December Chisleu 25. The feast of Dedication 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in remembrance of the Dedication of the Altar appointed by Judas Macchabeus as also of their deliverance from Antiochus and his Idolatry Vid. 1. Macc. 4.59 Joh. 10.22 It lasted seven days 28. A fast Jehojakim burnt the Roll which Baruch wrote from the mouth of Jeremy Scal. Ancient Christian Nov. 21. Vedenia priziste bogorodice or the oblation of the Blessed mother of God A Festival of the Muscovites Mr. Hales of Eaton in one of his Sermons complains we bring the Church and Kitchin together for when we celebrate the memorial of any Saint Apostle Martyr do we not call this solemnity their Feast and accordingly solemnize it with excess of cheer Stultum est nimia Saturitate honorare velle Martyrem Hierom. The Ancient Ethnics were wont to celebrate their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 feasts of Sobriety and fasting in the honour of their Drunken God Bacchus upon the like fancy Christians appoint Feasts in the honour of Temperate Saints The Church of Rome to this lap the relicks and ashes of Saints in silk and costly stuff and shrine them in silver and gold whereas when the Saints themselves were on Earth and their bodies living Temples of the Holy Ghost they would have thought themselves much wronged if any such costly ornaments should have been employed about them We think that God and the Saints are like us and taken with such things as please us Machiavel in the life of Castruccio Castracano a Gentleman of Luca tells that he delighted much in often feasting and being reproved answered If feasting were not a good thing men would not honour God and the Saints so much with it Lo here the natural consequences of Church-Feasts It is an Apology for Luxury It was a Custom in the Church in sundry places for all young and old upon the Vigils of the Martyrs to come together by Night and meet in Church-yards and Eat and Drink on the Tombs of the Martyrs Vigilantius reproved it and justly for nox vinum Mulier c. Night Wine and Women c. This put S. Hierom into a fit of Choler by common consent this Custom was laid down Mahometan Persian Techrion-el ilani 30 Days 26 of this Moon at Night Mahomet's Ascension to Heaven from the Alboraoh is celebrated as a great Festival Turkish Rebiul ahhir ai 29 Days Ancient Heathen Nov. 15. Ludi Plebei 24. Brumalia Dec. 1. Fortunae muliebris fest 3. Posidonia 5. Faunalia 11. Alcyonii dies 14. Brumalia Ambrosia Modern Heathen Medusan a Festival of the Persees kept on the 11th of Adebese or December This as all the other is kept in memory of the Creation or monthly benefits Sir Tho. Herb. 10. In Tebeth December January Jewish 8. A Fast The Law was written in Greek in the days of K. Ptolomy Darkness for 3 days over the world Scal. 4. Fast for turning the Bible out of holy Hebrew into profane Greek Dr. Addison 9. Our Masters have not written the Cause why this Day was marked for a Fast Scal. 10. A Fast Jerusalem was besieged by the King of Babylon Idem and Dr. Addison Ancient Christian Dec. 25. Rosostua Christoua the Nativity of Christ a Feast of the Muscovites Epiphany Christmas-day 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Naz. Orat. 38 Observe 1. The Time In January on Epiphany-day probably in the East Clem. Alex. saith 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 So Lydiat in Emend Temp. Upon Advice from the West-Churches they changed it to Dec. 25. S. Chrysostome Serm. 31. Tom. 5. saith it was not above 10 years since in that Ghurch Antioch it began to be kept on that day and offers several reasons to prove that to be the day S. Ambrose Serm. 13. Length of nights had possessed the whole day had not the coming of Christ shined gloriously in the very shortness of days c. S. August Our Lord was born on the eighth of the Calends of January when the days begin to lengthen Aug. in Psal 132. et de Trin. l. 3. c. 5. So Orosius on the 8th of the Kal. of Jan. Oros l. 7. c. 2. S. Bernard Christ was born in the winter Bern. in Nat. Dom. Ser. 3. So Nicephorus Hist Eccl. l. 1. c. 12. Chemnitius Genebrard So the Arabian Persian and Syriac Churches Mr. Greg. Notes and Obs Soaliger H. Broughton Jacob Capella Alsted say Sept. or Octob. 2. The Antiquity In the 2d Century 't is mentioned by Theophilus Bishop of Caesarca Next by the Decretal Epistles but those suspected Next by Nicephorus H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 6. Who tells of Dioclesian burning a whole Church of Christians assembled to celebrate that Festival Dr. Brown in his Travels saith the Festivity of Christmas is observed at Vienna much after the same manner ceremonies and solemnity as in Italy p. 152. Jan. 6. Epiphany properly so called from the appearance 1. Of the star 2. The Trinity at Christ's baptism 3. The Divinity at Cana. Jan. 6. Bose Jaulenia or Chreschenia Epiphany A Festival of the Muscovites At Vienna the old Custom of chusing K. and Qu. was observed Count Lesly happened to be King the Emperor laid the Cloth and the Empress filled out
wine c. Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 152. Mahometan Persian Ranon el-avel 31 days On Christmas-Eve in Fez they eat Sallads of green Herbs Rosse Turkish-Dgiamazil ewel 30 days Ancient Heathen Dec. 17. Saturnalia proper to men lasting 3 days To which were added Sigillaria to make up 7 days At this Festival they had Feasts Dancing filthy Sonsg New-years-gifts Strenas The Heads of Slaves were covered with a Pileus as a Symbol of Liberty and attended by their Masters Dec. 19. Opalia Saturnalia The Druids at the End of the Year Offered Oke-branches to Jupiter crying Come to the Oke-branches the New Year Dec. 21. Angeronalia Angeronae Deae Macrob. Herculi Cereri de Mulso Idem 22. Feriae Laribus dicatae Compitalia Ludi Laribus 23. Feriae Jovis Larentinalia Plut. Var. Ovid. 24. Juvenalis dies Octavus Saturn additus Suet. unde Juvenales ludi Jan. 1. Jani Junonis Gamelia Junoni 8. Sacrificium Jani 9. Agonalia 11. Carmentalia a Feast dedicated to Evander's Mother Solemnized with the recital of Prophetic Verses 12. Compitalia Solemnized in Streets and High-ways where the Heads of Poppies and Onions were Offered up to the Lares instead of Infants which had been Offered before till prohibited by Junius Brutus Modern Heathen The Saxons called December Giuli from the Conversion of the Sun and encrease of the Days from Giul a Wheel in Gothic And in the old Runic Fasti their Feast was signified by a wheel which lasted 12 days whereon they Feasted and sent Presents one to another and offered Sacrifice to the Sun to express their Joy for the Return of the Sun Dr. Stillingfleet 11. In Sebat January February Jewish 5. A Fast The Elders dye that were the Equals of Joshua the Son of Nun. Scal. 23. A Fast All the Israelites gathered together against Benjamin because of the Harlot and Idol of Micha Scal. Ancient Christian Sr. Matthew Hale had for many years a particular Devotion for Christmas day and after he had received the Sacrament and been in the performance of the publick worship of that day he commonly wrote a Copy of verses on the honour of his Saviour as a fit expression of the joy he felt in his Soul at the return of that glorious Anniversary There are seventeen of those Copies printed which he writ on several Christmas days Dr. Burnet in his life Feb. 1. Ignatius Bishop and Martyr A Popish Festival Feb. 2. Stratenia Gospoda Boga Candlemas-Day a Feast of the Muscovites Papists Protestants c. With the Papists upon this day is a Procession in memory of that procession which Joseph and Mary made to the Temple This Feast was instituted in the time of Justinian upon a great mortality which then happen'd and Candles this day are carried with great solemnity to shew that our light should shine before men that Christ who was this day presented in the Temple is the true light of the world and that like wise Virgins whereof Mary was the chief we should have our lamps ready Feb. 10. William Confessor Mahometan Persian Kanon elsahi 31. Feb. Turkish Dgiamazil ahhir 29 Days Ancient Heathen Jan. 13. Tibicines habitu muliebri Vrbemlustrabant Plut. Jan. 15. Carmentalia relata et Porrime et Postverte Jan. 24. Circa hoo tempus Sementinae Feriae non state quidem sed indictae 29. Equiria in Campo Martio 31. Sacra deis Penat qui Patrii et Vrbani dicti sunt Feb. 1. Lucaria Elaphobolia Diane sacra a cervis dicta Feb. 13. Fauni festum et Jovis 15. Lupercalia the solemnities of Pan wherein 1. A dog and two goats were offered 2. Two Noblemen's Sons were to have their foreheads dipped in milk and dried up with wool 3. The youths must laugh and cutting thongs out of the goat-skins must run naked through the streets their privities only covered and strike all they meet especially young wives to help concepcion and safe Travel 12. In Adar Febuary March Jewish 7. A Fast Moses our master died who rests in peace Scal. 9. A Fast The School of Sammai and the School of Hillel began to contend amongst themselves Idem 13. A Festival Nicanor is slain Scal. Adar 14 and 15. Purim or the Feast of Lots Esth 9.21 Instituted by Mordecai in remembrance of the Jews deliverance from Haman before whom lots were cast daily for destruction of them On these two days they read the book of Hesther and at the mention of Haman beat with fists and hammers upon the benches and boards Otherwise they spend the time in Bacchanal riots and excess for as Dr. Addison tells us they have a rule that at this time they should drink till they cannot distinguish between Cursed be Haman and Blessed be Mordecai which are expressions in the service of the day Ancient Christian Mar. 1. S. David's Feast is celebrated especially by the Inhabitants of Wales whose Tutelar Saint he is reputed to be and accordingly is put in the Popish Kalendar Mar. 7. Tho. Aquinas a St. of the Roman Catholics Mar. 12. S. Gregory the Great Pa. Rom. Mar. 17. S. Patric Bishop celebrated in the Popish Church Mahometans Persian Chaabat 28. or 29. 4th Day of this Moon they have prayers in their Mosches till mid-night and then return home and feast This Festival is because of the Lent which comes two months after Turkish Redgeb ai 30. d. Mar. 1. Called by the Persians Scheual the Persians solemnize a feast which they call Chummehater in memory of Haly's taking possession of the estate of his Cousin and Father in-law Mahomet Mar. 3. Another called Tzar Schembesur i. e. the 4th sad Sabbath because say the Persians 't is an unlucky day on this day they shut their shops work not put away no money lest they should do nothing else all the year after swear not nor make any debauches Ancient Heathens Feb. 18. Quirinaliorum Stultorum Feriae Fornacalia indicta deae Fornacali Sacra Feralia diis Manibus 19. Deae Mutae 20. Charistia i. e. Sacra Cognatorum when Relations met and bestowed gifts mutually 21. Terminalia 27. Equiria in Campo Mart. Mar. 1. Matronalia or the Womens Saturnals foemineae Calendae The day on which anciently the Sabine Dames decided the Battle between their parents and husbands On this day the more dainty women sat at home in great chairs richly adorned receiving gifts c. In Romulus's time the year began on Mar. 1. 14. Equiria altera apud Tyberim vel si aquis increverit in Caelio Monte. Annae Perennae Parricidium viz. Jul. Caesaris Modern Heathens Houly a Feast at full Moon in February kept in the E. Indies in Caboul with great devotion the Pagods filled with people who come to pray and make their oblations there cloathed in red visiting their friends in Masquerade dancing by companies in the streets to the sound of Trumpets those of the same tribe eat together and at night make bonefires ended with a child shooting arrows to the figure of a Giant to
destroy him i. e. a Giant killed by Crutchman God M. de Thev Meduserum A feast of the Persees kept the 15 of Fez'e or February in memory of some monthly benefit Jewish 1. The Sabbatical year every Seventh year To signify that they and theirs were the Lord 's 1. On this year they did not till the ground 2. They discharged their Debtors and released the Debts And this to teach them 1. To depend on Providence 2. To mind them of Adam's fruitful Paradise 3. To mind them of the Everlasting Sabbath peradventure to commence from the 7000th Year 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Eliae dict ex Talm. 2. Jubilee from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ram's Horn or Trumpet Josh 6.4 or Jubal Gen. 4.21 Every Forty Ninth Year On this Feast They 1. Restored Lands to the first owners 2. Released Servants 3. Preserved the Tribes distinct 4. It served for computation 5. They were put in mind of our Spiritual Jubilee under Christ by whom we are restored to our Land of Canaan and released of our Servitude and this signified too by the sound of the Gospel Zach. 9.14 As in the Babylonish Captivity so in the Dispersion since Christ they keep no Jubilee Rosse 3. Liver without ceasing denoted by the Fire continually burning upon the Altar Lev. 6.12 And again Holiness becomes thine House for ever And again Pray without ceasing Ancient Christian In imitation of the Jewish Pope Bonifiace 8th instituted A. C. 1300. the Popish Jubilee to be observed every 100dth year which Clement 6th abridged to every 50th year Ancient Heathen Amongst the Greeks 1. Olympia Games instituted by Hercules in Honour of Jupiter celebrated every Fifth year or 50th Month by 1. Running Five Exercises 2. Leaping Five Exercises 3. Quoiting Five Exercises 4. Wrestling Five Exercises 5. Hurling Five Exercises The Conquerors reward was a Crown with the Branch of an Olive Tree Amongst the Romans 2. Lustrum The Purgation of the City by Sacrifice every fifth year at which time the Censors went out of their Office and the Fee-Farm Rents were paid and then they Sacrificed a Sow a Sheep and a Bull in the Field of Mars to attone the Gods and purge the City 3. Ludi Seculares called also Tarentini from a place in Rome Celebrated every 100th year lasting three days in honour of Diana and Apollo The Young Virgins and Men were wont at this time to sing Hymns Poeanas to Apollo D' Assigny The Fire of the Vestal Nuns among the Greeks first and afterward the Romans seems derived from the Mosaic Institution The old Africans also whose chief Gods were the Sun and Fire kept Fire continually burning on their Altars Rosse Modern Heathen Tozcolt a kind of Jubilee in Mexico in Honour of Tezcalipuca kept in Mexico when there was given full Indulgence and Pardon of Sins In this day they did Sacrifice a Captive which resembled the Idol Purchas Every Twelfth Year in the City of Quilecare in Malabar is a Jubilee kept to the Honour of their Idol in which the King of that place on a Scaffold covered with Silk before the People washes himself Prayeth and having cut off his Nose Ears Lips c. at last cuts his own Throat as a Sacrifice to his Idol His Successor is bound to be present and to act the same Tragedy on himself next Jubilee Rosse The Pyree of the Persees in the E. Indies In Persia they had many Pyree or God-Fires not made of common Combustibles as Wood Straw Coals c. nor blown by any Bellows c. but kindled with Lightning or a Burning-glass c. Some to this day remaining above 1000 years as some say unextinguish'd Sir T. Herb. 15. The Peoples Reverence in Divine Worship Jewish WIth what Reverence the Jews were required to perform their Prayers and Publick Service antiently may be collected out of Sacred Scripture Now they Pray Girt standing upright Face Jerusalem-wards with Hand on the Heart and Head stooping abstaining strictly from Belching Yawning Spitting Breaking Wind c. Before their Synagogue they have an Iron fastened to make clean their shoes according to Solomon's counsel keep thy foot when thou goest into the House of God When they enter they put off their pantastoes Exod. 3.5 at entrance they pronounce some part of David's Psalms and must enter with fear and trembling Purchas See more in the chapter of Respect to places of Worship Ancient Christian They were required 1. To come to Church 1. In comely apparel with a grave pace silence chast body and mind Clem. Alex. pad 2. To use a modest voice order reverence in prayer Not to throw about their prayers with a wild and confused voice or disorderly prattling Gypr 3. Men with their heads bare as asham'd to look up to Heaven 4. Women covered Tertull. de Virg. veland 5. Hands lift up to Heaven a posture common to both Jews and Gentiles c. and expanded in form of a Cross Tertul. de Orat. c. 11. Apol. c. 39. 6. Kneeling most usually 7. Standing on Lord's days sitting ever held rude c. Tertullian falls heavy on some that clap'd themselves down upon their seats as soon as ever prayer was done and down-right charges it as against Script 8. Praying towards the East Either because that 1. Was the most excellent part of the Creation 2. Paradise was in the East Basil Const App. l. 2. 3. Or in resp of Christ the Son of Righteousness Clem. Alex. strom l. 7. Athan. c. 9. Standing usually at Sermon-time None sitting but the Bishop and Prsbyters Optat. de schism Donat. l. 4. Except In some Transmarine Churches perhaps Western the people had seats Aug. de Catech. ruaib It was part of the Deacons office to call on the people 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in respect of body and mind Chrys de incomp dei nat Hom. 4. et Liturg Gr. 10. Especially at the Gospel A general custom Sozomen wonders at the Bishop of Alexand that he did not rise up at the Gospel a thing saith he which I never saw or heard in any other place Hist Eccl. l. 7. c. 19. Philostorgius saith of Theophilus the Indian Bishop that amongst other irregularities he corrected in those Churches this was one sitting at the lessons out of the Gospels Hist Eccl. l. 3. n. 5. Constantine M. which Eusebius was making a Panegyrick before him in his Palace concerning our Saviour's Sepulcher would not sit down and when Eusebius besought him to sit upon his Throne yet would not and when Eusebius in compliance would have broken off and done he call'd on him to go on and when besought again he would still stand 11. People were forbid to depart till after the blessing Conc. Aurel. c. 22. Mahometan 1. The Mahometans after coming into Church say softly or aloud if they please I will imitate that Imam in what he doth 2. Next they put their hands upon their shoulders and say Allah ekber i. e. God is great 3. Then lay their hands one
to defraud 9. Not to oppress 2. The Persees in their book of Religion have these Precepts the book called Zundawastau 1. To have shame and fear ever with thâ—â— 2. To consider whether what they take in hand be good or bad commanded or forbidden 3. To keep their Eyes and hearts from coveting what is another's and their hands from hurting any one 4. To have a care always to speak the Truth 5. To be known only in their own businesses and not to enquire into and to busie themselves in other mens matters 6. Not to entertain any other Law besides what they have delivered to them from their Prophets M. de Thevenot 3. The Indian Bramins call the books of their Religion Bets which are four in number which they say God sent to them and that they are the Keepers M. de Thev The Gaurs have a large Book in three parts relating to Salvation Dreams and Physick in a language which themselves scarce understand but by the help of other Books M. Tavernier l. 4. Diabolical The Devil is very cunning a notable Politician S. Paul knew him so and therefore uses many words to set out his Frauds His Interest and Subtility are the only Rules he goes by And he Attacks all persons he hath to deal with according to their Genius Exempl g. Balaam a false Prophet by Apparitions Dr. Dee a Mathematician by Magical Devices our Saviour by sacred Scripture the obstinate Jews by a false Messiah a Barcocab Enthusiastical Persons by Revelations Dreams Fancies Learned Men by Curiosities the Religious by Superstitions c. 17. The manner of calling Assemblies Jewish THE Jews Sounded Trumpets formerly Also they rung the great Bell Migrepha Now about five in the Afternoon the Door-Keeper of the Synagogue knocks at their Doors with a Hammer warning them to repair to Evening Prayer Rosse Ancient Christian At first certainly the Christians by agreement among themselves appointed the Day and Hour before-hand and conveyed the notice thereof by word of Mouth Pancirollus refers the Invention of Bells to Paulinus Bishop of Nola about the Year of Christ 400. But he rather changed the use of them to religious purposes Dr. Holid on Juv. In Cyprus the Greeks are called to Church in the Morning by one or two a Clock by the striking on their Door with a Hammer the Clerk uttering these words Christians go to Church Taver l. 2. c. 2 p. 81. The Musccvites have no Bells in Steeples but in a certain Engine or Machine near the Church in the Church-Yard and are for the most part so small that few of them are 150 or 200 pound weight They toll them at beginning of Service and at the elevation of the Chalice The Rope being fasten'd not to the Bell but the Clapper they easily Chime many together The Abyssines have no Bells of Brass or mix'd Metal but a kind of hollow Vessels made of Wood Stone or Iron more for noise than delight to the Ear. Job Ludolph Salmuth c. They have two great Bells in the Convent of Niamoni in the Isle of Chio. The Turks allowing them to Christians no where else There are little ones in every Village M. de Thev I passed by a Church in Ispahan where hearing a great noise I went into it the noise was made by striking with a great Stick upon a Deal-Board that was hung up which the Armenians are forced to make use of instead of Bells the Persians not permitting them to make use of any D. of Holst Amb. Trav. p. 208. Mahometan The Mahometans are called to Church five times a day by a Cryer by a Cryer bauling aloud Alla Allah Allahu The Turks call Etchmeasin in Persia the Seat of one of the Armenian-Patriarchs the Church with Bells for they are used here and no where else in Turkey except in Moldavia Valachia Mount Athos The Muczim goes up to a Minaret at every Mosque and stopping his Ears with his Fingers he sings and cries these words with all his force Allah ekbar c. i. e. God is great God is great is great great shew that there is but one God shew that Mahomet is his Prophet come and present your selves to the Mercy of God and ask Forgiveness of your Sins God is great God is great God is great God is great There is no other God but God M. de Thev This they do five times a day and on Friday six The Faquirs or poor Mahometan-Voluntiers the have many Disciples call them together when they assemble by the Sound of a Horn or the Beat of a Drum M. Tavernier Par. 2. l. 2. c. 2. Ancient Heathen The Persians did call an Assembly before Day-light saith Strabo 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the sound of a Bell. l. 15. The Priestesses of Bona-Dea at Rome were called to the Service by a Horn. Upon the Festival of Dame Flora the Rabble and idle Strumpets were called together by the sound of a Trumpet Modern Heathen In Pegu the Talapoi Summon the People to Church by sounding a brass Bason Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. In Mexico they awaked the People to Service with a Trumpet The Bannyans are called to their Idolatrous Devotions to their Pagods under their Trees with the sound of a little Bell. Sir Tho. Herb. In some parts of Java particularly Bantam they use Drums instead of Bells which they beat with a Bar as big as a Weaver's Beam and sometimes brass Basons Mandelslo In Siam their Pagods have Steeples and Bells Tavernier Upon tolling of the Bells they rise to Prayers about 4 it the Morning which they repeat again toward Evening Idem In Tunquin also they have Bells Idem In Gilolo and Amboyna they bring their Daemon or Nito to a conference by the sound of a little Tabor called Typha and with lighted Candles and Words of Conjuration Pacquet broke open Vol. 2. Diabolical In Amboyna to have conference with the Devil whom they call Nito they assemble to the number of 20 or 30 and call upon him with the beat of a little Drum consecrated to this use which they call Typha Mandelslo In New-England 1692. at Salem one G. B. was reported by some of the Witnesses for Summoning other Witches to a Sacrament with the sound of a Trumpet who failed not from all Quarters to go towards the appointed place of Meeting soon after the Sound Cotton Mather in his Wonders of the Invisible World 18. The Parts and Order of Divine or Religious Worship Domestical Jewish 1. PArts of Divine Worship Domestical Daily Daniel prayed thrice a day and praised GOD and it was his manner so to do Dan. 6.16 David prayed at Morning and Evening and Noon Night and Day even in his Bed making it swim with tears Anna served the Lord in the Temple with Fasting and Prayer Night and Day Luke 2.37 GOD appointed a Lamb to be offered for a daily Sacrifice Morning and Evening He that eats Bread with unwashen hands sins as grievously as he that lies with
cover'd with Silk-Tapistry four Arch-Bishops sitting with their backs to a Pillar at his right hand The Service was solemnly perform'd by an Arch-Bishop with two Bishops on each side 5. When the Arch-Bishop had made certain Prayers he gave the Book wherein he had read the Gospel to the Patriarch Bishop and People to kiss at last many kissed the Patriarch's hand c. In Muscovy all say their Prayers either standing or kneeling for they have neither Seats nor Benches in their Churches The late Great Duke who was much given to Devotion lay all along upon the ground when he said his Prayers D. of Holst Ambassad Trav. p. 102. Note I liked one thing that I saw both at Strasburgh and here viz. at Frankfort that at the end of Prayers a considerable interval of silence was left before the conclusion for all People's private Devotion Dr. Burnet's Letters Mahometan The Turks pray 5 times a day concerning which they have many Traditions some necessary some of counsel and decency e. g. 1. In noon and afternoon prayers to be read with a low voice in the morning and at night with a loud voice if an Imam be present else 't is indifferent 2. The men lift up their hands to the tip of their Ears the women to their Jaws 3. Accompanying the Imam which a low voice in all he doth imitating 4. Prostration touching the ground with forehead Nose c. These things make the Prayer Null 1. Talking laughing or weeping loud at Prayer unless at the mention of Paradise or Hell 2. Scratching 3 times in one place passing before the Imam without prostration turning their face from the Keble advancing the space of two Ranks beginning the Prayer when the Imam begins another a mistake in reading saluting any willingly 3. They may not pray in the habit they commonly work in 4. Nor before the fire yet they may by a Candle or Lamp The Expiation for a fault of Inadvertency is Prostration Ancient Heathen 1. The persons praying viz. Priests and others c. 2. Times and Seasons At Sacrifices publickly 3. The place At the Altar and in the Temples 4. The Form A verse out of a Book Theag. lib. de diis v. Nat. Com. The Gentiles read their Prayers out of a Book before their Sacrifices Ne quid praepostere dicatur Alex. ab Al. l. 4. c. 17. They often began thus Dii Deaeque omnes c. i.e. O all ye Gods and Goddesses c. 5. Gesture They Prayed standing to the Superior Gods sitting to the Inferior 6. The Matter At public Sacrifices they Prayed that the God would accept their Offering and be bountiful and pleasant c. At other times they put up odd Petitions as Juno Verenda concede Fratrem occidere c. Eurip in Phaen. Da mihi fallere da justum sanctumque videri Horat. Plato Advised That whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed should be first shewed to the Priests lest they should err Modern Heathen In Slam the Religious Orders are tied to rise at Midnight to pray to their Idols Rosse In Goa they pray to the Sun and Moon c. and to the first thing they meet with in the morning tho a Goose or an Ass and all the day after they Pray to it But a Crow they cannot abide Idem About Jemena in Bengala they use to Pray naked in the Water and to do Pennance by lying flat on the ground kissing the Earth holding up their hands to the Sun and turning themselves about 40 times Idem See more of this in the Second Part of this book under the Title of Prayer Magical Ad illum viz. Cacodaemonem complicatis genibus supplices accessistis Mart. Delrio Sebast Michael in Pneumalog refer exemplar sententiae latae Avinioni Anno. 1582. Glanvil saith they call the Devil sometimes Robin and pray to him O Satan give me my purpose Dr. d ee in all his Actions with Spirits tells us that he always went to prayer not to the Devil professedly but to God Oravimus ad Deum ejus implorabamus auxilium And in the end of his Action he concludes with a short Thanksgiving to God Omnis Spiritus laudet Deum nostrum unum trinum Amen Nay the very occasion of his falling into this Magical Delusion next to his Mathematical Studies is supposed to be his earnest Prayer to God for Wisdom such Wisdom as he was ambitious of Dr. Casaubon 2. Praises Psalms Hymns Jewish THere were 3 kinds of Musical Persons among the Jews 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that plaid upon Musical Instruments 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that sung with the Voice 3. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that joyned Vocal and Instrumental Musick together Alsted Encycl N. 2630. The Song of Miriam was uttered 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with alternate Melodies saith Philo Jud. de vit Mosi l. 3. The President of the Essenes standing up sung an Hymn composed in praise of God and after him did others 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in their Orders in convenient manner and when they came unto the Close of the Hymns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Id. de vit contempl The Hallel was sung over at the Passover from Ps 113 to Ps 118. The 92d Psalm on the Sabbath-day Psalm 9.4 every Wednesday Dr. Light Templ Serv. p. 59 139. Ancient Christian Hymns and Psalms were accounted a considerable part of Divine Worship Dr. Cave vid. Plin. l. 10. Ep. 97. They were either Extempore or set The Council of Laodicea ordered That no Psalms of private composition should be recited in the Church Can. 59. also that a Lesson should be interposed between every Psalm In this Duty all the Congregation bore a part joining together Afterward the custom was to sing Alternatim course by course answering one another Theod. Hist Eccl. l. 2. c. 24. who saith it was first brought in by Flavianus and Diodorus in the Ch. of Antioch in the Reign of Constantine but Socrates saith by Ignatius who in a vision had heard c. Socr. Eccl. H. l. 6. c. 8. Pliny saith the Christians did secum invicem canere Theodosius Junior rising early every morning with his Sisters did together interchangeably sing Psalms of Praise De Orig. They Sung Hymns and Psalms at Dinner a custom which Clem. Al. commends Paedag. l. 2. c. 4. Chrysostom greatly pleads for it to be used at ordinary works at meals after meals as an excellent Antidote against Temptations in Ps 41. Tom. 3. Cypr. Ep. 1. p. 7. S. Augustine saith we have the precept and example of our Saviour Christ and his Apostles for singing in our Assemblies Orig. Brit. Also he saith the Customs of Churches were very different about these matters In the Churches of Asric he saith they confin'd themselves to the Prophetical Hymns for which they were upbraided by the Donatists as too grave and formal but he allows singing for one of the solemn parts of Divine Service with which he joyns
reading the Lessons Preaching and Prayer either aloud by the Bishop or in common by the Deacons giving notice Ibid. Hymns of the Church Just Mart. Hymns proving the Divinity of Christ Euseb Hymns of Nepos Idem Hymns of St. Ambrose S. Hilary Prudentius generally used Te Deum attributed by Arch-Bishop Vsher to S. Nicclius Bishop of Triers A. D. 535. or of Lyons 567. Gloria Patri used anciently in the Eastern Church Basil in the Gallican Churches at the end of every Psalm Cassian at Rome mostly after the Responsoria Walafr Strab. Singing in Ambrose's time taken into use at Millain and the Western Churches upon occasion of a Persecution under Justina Valentinian's Mother Augustine commends Athanasius his plain distinct singing like reading Mahometan The Mahometans have several ways of praising God viz. by Singing Musick Dancing c. according to the different Sects which are among them but the most pleasant is that of the Dervises with Flutes Drums Dances Vocal-musick reading of the Alcoran and exposition of it Concerning which see afterwards in the Chapter of Saints See more in the Practical Part in the Chap. of Praising God Ancient Heathen Observe 1. The Matter and Contents Callimachas writing a Hymn to the praise of Apollo begins thus None so skilful an Artist as the famous Apollo He 's skill'd in Song and skill'd in Archery A Prophet He and great Physician too He Mortals taught to build Apollo loves Architecture c. Orpheus observes the same method viz. 1. Declaring the Vertues of the Gods 2. Praying that they may be brave and happy and give a blessed end to their Banquets 2. The Form They had three Stanzaes or parts 1. Strophe sung in turning from the East to the West 2. Antistrophe in returning from the West to the East 3. Epode Sung while they stood before the Altar for they used to Dance in this manner whilst they Sung the Hymns about the Altar 3. The time Alway when the Persians Sacrificed a Magus Sung a Hymn The Arabian Priests were bound to spend their time in singing Hymns and rehearsing the Acts of their Gods Rosse N. Plato l. de leg adviseth that whatsoever Hymns or Prayers the Poets composed they should first shew them to the Priests lest they should ask evil things for good Greg. Naz. saith Julian the Apostate in imitation of the Christians did appoint among the Heathens 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Form of Prayer to be said in parts Modern Heathen Among the Samodies the Priest in his Divine Service doth not Sing but Howl and that so long till he become like a Mad-man and then falls down as if he were dead but riseth again orders five Deer to be Sacrificed and then thrusts a Sword half way into his belly still singing or howling rather c. Rosse Among the Indians Old and Modern dancing to the Idols is accounted part of divine Worship Idem In Goa when they Sow Mow go to Sea and when the Women lye in and when they return from Sea they feast their Idols with Musick and other Solemnities 14 days together Idem In Narsinga their Idol is carried yearly in Procession with Virgins and Musick going before Idem In Florida they worship the Sun and Moon with dances and songs howling feasting and cutting of their Skins Diabolical Profane wanton Songs which vitiate and corrupt the minds of men Chrysostom in Ps 117. calls them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Delrius in his Magic Disquis makes mention of Multae Jubilationes Saltationes commessationes compotationes et ludi in honorem ipsius praesidentis Beelzebub l. 5. Sec. 16. Mr. Glanvil tells us 1. At going to meeting they go singing Thout tout a tout throughout and about 2. At their Feasting the Devil plays on a Cittern or Pipe 3. At parting the word is A Boy merry meet merry part 4. In their Return they cry Rentum Tormentum Doctor Dee in his Actions with Spirits used frequent Thanksgivings for instance when by the help of one of his Spirits he had found three of his Books which had been burnt the 10th of April before I fell saith he upon my Knees with great thanks-yielding to the God Almighty Act. with Spirits p. 418. 3. Sacrifices Jewish THE Oblations of the Jews according to Purchas his Relations and Theol. Discov of Asia c. were 1. Sacrifices 1. Burnt-Offerings Consumed by the perpetual fire upon the Altar being that which God miraculously sent down from Heaven to consume Aaron's Sacrifice Nadab and Abihu were stricken with a revenging fire from God for using other Vide Lev. 1. 2. Meat-Offerings Made of fine flour without Honey or Leaven and with Oil and Incense on the Altar or Frying-pan or Oven or Caldron Lev. 2. part whereof was sacred to the Lord by fire part for the Priests 3. Peace-Offerings The Fat and Kidneys whereof were to be burnt the Fat and Blood being universally forbidden them to eat the breast and right shoulder was the Priests The rest went to the Sacrificer to be caten the first or second day or the third day burnt with Fire Lev. 3 7. 4. Sin-offerings viz. for sins of Ignorance of the Priest Prince People c. vide Lev. 4 6. 5. Trespass-Offerings viz. in case of contempt when the sin was done willingly Lev. 6. To these were adjoyned Prayers and Praises with musical instruments and voices 6. Offerings of Consecration proper to the Priests vide Lev. 6.10 7. Of Purification as of a Woman after Child-birth Lev. 12. or a Leper Lev. 13 14. or for unclean issues of Men and Women c. 15. 8. Of Expiation on that Feast-day so called Lev. 16. Add to these 1. The Lights 2. Incense every morning and evening on a golden Altar whereto the Priests only had access with such perfume as is prescribed Exod. 30. 2. Gifts 1. According to the Law 1. First-Fruits of Man of Beasts of the Earth 2. Tithes to the Levites to the Priests the Temple a 3d. year's Tenth 2. By Vow 3. Of Free-will Now the Jews content themselves with reading the Precepts concerning Sacrifices comforting themselves with Hos 14.3 Ancient Christian Cyprian severely chides a rich Widow of his time who came to the Sacrament without giving any thing to the poor man's box did partake of others Offerings not giving any thing of her own de Oper. Eleemos Concerning the Oblations of the Primitive Christians we may observe 1. That Bread and Wine was ordinarily Offered every Lord's Day by all the men and Women Carranz in Sum. Dec. Fabia Pa. 2. That the Offerings of them who did not Communicate were not to be accepted Id. Sum. Eliber Conc. c. 28. 3. That none were to receive these Offerings but the Bishop or his Substitute upon pain of being Anathematized Conc. Gangr c. 8. 4. That the Oblations were to be distributed by the Bishop according to the Necessity of the Faithful Carrauz Sum. Decr. Vrban Pap. 12. qu. Res Eccl. 5. That of the Oblations of the
Faithful or the Revenues of the Church one part was to be allowed to the Bishop two parts for Church Repairs and the Poor and one for the Clerks or Clergy according to their Merits Idem Sum. Decr. Simpl. Pa. 6. That the offerings of such as did not receive the Lord's Supper as did oppress the Poor as laid violent hands upon themselves were not to be accepted Idem c. So also of such as had delivered up their Children to be Baptized by Hereticks Idem 7. That Oblations were not to be made in Lent Idem Mahometan The Mahometan Pilgrims in commemoration of Abraham's Sacrifice offer upon the Plain near Medina 400000 Sheep on the Day of the little Bairam M. de Thev Ancient Heathen 1. Obs the kinds of Sacrifices 1. Humane Sacrifices were offered to Saturn in Carthage c. To Jupiter Apollo Mars Neptune Bacchus Juno Diana Pallas Mercury Moloch c. Amongst the Romans Scythians Cauls Aegyptians c. And some Indians now 2. Beasts and Birds c. 1. White to the Supernal Gods 2. Black to the Infernal 2. A Bull to Jupiter Mars Apollo Neptune Luna the Heroes A Ram to Mars and Jupiter A Horse to Sol and Mars A Doe to Minerva and Pan. A Lamb to Juno and Faunus A Dove to Venus A Sow to Ceres and Cybele A Hog to Sylvanus A Cock to the Lares A He-Goat to Bacchus The Women prostituted their own Bodies to Venus at her Temple for the use of Strangers They must all be 1. Of Fair Colour 2. Free from blemish 3. Not used to Labour 4. Such as they had received no profit from They chose proper Garlands to adorn the Men Sacrifices Altars Vessels e. g. In the Service of Bacchus Myrtle Ceres the Oak Hercules Poplar Apollo Lawrel They chose proper Fewel for the Altars Myrtle for Venus Ash for Mars Oak for Jove c. Natalis Comes tells of Vengeance inflicted for improper Fewel out of Pausanias c. They used proper Seasons of Service In the Morning to the Spernal In the Evening to the Infernal Proper Places On the Plain to the Terrestrial On Hills to the Supernal In Grots and Caves to the Infernal Modern Heathen The East-Indians offer Sacrifice some of them to the Sea and generally to the Idol in their Pagods M. de Thev In Guinea c. if the Fishermen have not a good draught they present a Piece of Gold to the Priest to reconcile them to the frowning Saint who with his Wives makes a kind of Procession through the Streets smiting his Breast clapping his hands with a mighty noise 'till he come to the shoar where they cut down Boughs from certain Trees and hang them on their Necks playing on Timbrels then the Priest turns to the Wives and expostulates with them and throws Wheat and other things into the Sea as an Offering to the Fetisso View of the Engl. Acqu in Guinea c. In Pegu and Bengala the Idols are honoured with Lights continually burning before them Rosse In Goa they wash in a Cistern near the Idol and offer Rice Eggs c. Idem The Gaurs Kids Hens Pigeons In Malabar they Sacrifice Flowers and Cocks to their Idol In Narsinga the Pilgrims offer Gold Silver and Jewels to their Idol Idem In Virginia they offered Tobacco c. In Mexico c. Men. Idem Diabolical Witches give their Soul and Body to the Devil And permit the Devil to suck their Blood once in 24 hours And destroy the lives of as many as they can in Devotion to the Devil Glanvil In Amboyna they offer him Meat and Drink and light a Wax-Candle in a certain place of their Houses and if he comes not they eat most of the Consecrated Meat themselves Mandelslo The like they do in Ceylon Capt. Knox. 4. Purifications Washings c. Jewish PUrification by Water was long in use with the Jews though not Sacramental therefore they expected it at the coming of the Messiah John 1.25 They question'd not his Baptism but his Authority Godw. Antiq. To make a Woman-Profelyte of the Covenant was required Purification by Water and Oblation viz. two Turtles or Pigeons to a Male-Profelyte Circumcision together with Purification and Oblation Idem Purification was used 1. To Males before Circumcision 2. To Women-Proselytes of the Covenant 3. To Women after Child-birth as the Law requires Lev. 12. but with this difference among the Modern Jews That after the birth of a Daughter the Wife retires for 66 or 70 Days her Husband not being permitted to touch her Finger or Clothes or cut in the same Dish or drink in the same Cup with her 'till she hath been washt c. Dr. Addison 4. To Churches Vessels c. Ancient Christian Hither may be referred the Baptism of Christiaus which is a kind of Purification though we have spoken of it before in the Chapter of Sacraments as may also the Lord's Supper in which the Souls of true Believing Communicants are purified in the Blood of Christ that Lamb of GOD which takes away the sins of the World This is that Fountain which was open'd on purpose for sin and for uncleanness which purifies more than the Refiners fire or the Fuller's Soap But ordinarily Repentance is the Christian's purification and that which disposeth and makes us meetly qualified for the Ordinances before-mentioned both which are but declarative of this and supposed in the Judgment of Christian Charity both in Baptism and the Lord's Supper Other Purifications have been added in succeeding Ages by the Papists especially as 1. Purification or Dedication of Churches by Praying Sprinkling the Walls with holy Water and a bundle of Hysop the Clergy and People going about and singing the Bishop knocking the Door with his Crosier saying Lift up your heads O ye gates c. Then entering in with three Servants wishing Peace three times to the House then on his knees to the Altar and praying whilest the Clergy without sing the Litany who afterwards carry in the Relicks of the Saint to which the Church is Dedicated The Walls are painted Salt Water Ashes and Wine are exercised and mixt into which the Bishop having dipt his Thumb makes the sign of the Cross on the Altar Walls Pavement offers Incense blesseth the Church Preacheth c. all enter the Church singing c. 2. Of Altars by going about them 7 times and sprinkling them with Water and Hysop 7 times having first made 4 Crosses on the 4 Horns of the Altars 3. The Putinae the Corporal Chalice Linnen Pix Fonts Crosses Images First-Fruits Holy-Water Salt Church-Yard Bells Easter-Tapers Chests wherein the Relicks of the Saints are kept c. And these Purified or Consecrated with Prayers Washing Crossing Ancinting Incense c. Mahometan The Turks have two kinds of Ablutions 1. Gousl viz. a general washing of the whole body after lying with their Wives Nocturnal Pollution Urine or any Unclean Thing touching them 2. Abdest viz. only of the Hands always before Prayers 3. After easing of
the People wanted Water in the Desart Some on the 10th of April for the death of Eli and his two Sons and the loss of the Ark. Some also on the 18th for the death of Samuel But the Only Fast that God commanded them was that upon the Day of Expiation The manner of keeping their Fasts is 1. By abstaining from all Meats and Drinks till the Stars appear 2. Reading no passages in the Bible but such as are mournful as the Destruction of Jerusalem Jeremiah's Lamentations c. Rosse Ancient Christian Lent Quadragesima so called either because at first it lasted forty hours viz. from 12 of the Clock on Friday till Easter-Sunday morning or because afterwards it was extended to forty days at last to 3 6 7 weeks It was observed in the First Century It was kept especially the last week of it with great stictness mortifications all Process and Inquiry into criminal Actions and Corporal Punishments suspended Acts of Prayer Abstinence c. In other parts of Lent they fasted till the Evening in the last week till Midnight or Cock-crowing vid. Zonar in Synod Tom. 2. part 1. p. 1. The last week called Hebdomada Magna on which they Fasted Watched did Alms suspended Suits at Law shut the Tribunal Doors set Prisoners free Dr. Cave The Sinner when he began to mislike himself i. e. to be penitent for his wicked life for that he had offended God and his Church came first unto the Bishop and Priests as unto the Mouths of the Church and opened to them the whole burden of his Heart afterward he was by them brought into the Congregation and there made the same confession before his Brethren and further was appointed to make satisfaction by open Penance which Penance being duly and humbly done he was restored again openly unto the Church by laying on of Hands of the Priests and Elders Bish Jewel out of Beatus Rhenanus Fasts on Wednesdays and Fridays Jejunia Quartae sextae Feriae stationes because they kept close to them as to their Guard celebrated with reading and expounding Sripture Divine Service Sacraments and fasting till three a Clock in remembrance of Christ Betrayed and Crucified Mahometan Ramazan is the name of the Mahometans Lent which continues thirty days during which they eat nothing in the day-time but when night comes all Meats are indifferent but Swines-flesh yet they abstain from Wine and Women The last day of Lent they consecrate as a day of Mourning to the memory of their deceased Friends when many of the meaner sort seem to make a most bitter lamentation and then at night they fire an innumerable company of Lamps and other Lights and when burnt out the Lent is ended The day after their Ramjam the most devout assemble at their Mosquits and hear some parts of the Alcoran Ancient Heathen 1. The Galli were such Priests as gelded themselves 2. At Hierapolis the Pilgrims were to sacrifice a Sheep to kneel and pray upon the Fleece to lay the Head and Feet of the Sheep upon their Heads to crown themselves to drink cold water only and sleep on the ground till their return Rosse 3. The Hierophantae among the Athenians were such Priests as castrated themselves with the drinking of Hemlock that they might live more chast in their Office Text. Offic. 4. The Priests of the Egyptians were sparing in their Victuals to a wonder abstaining from Flesh and Wine and seldom eating Bread lest they should overcharge their Stomachs only Oyl and Sallad-herbs were their common food not so much as tasting Eggs or Milk enduring sometimes a three days fast Idem 5. The Persian Magi used no other food than Meal and Herbs Id. 6. The Indian Gymnosophists fed upon Apples or Flour Id. Apollonius Tyaneus abstained from Bread and Flesh Archimolus and Moschus Sophisters of Aeli drank Water and ate nothing but Figs all their life Id. On the Festivals called Nephalia the Ancient Greeks abstained from Wine whence they gave them their name Diamastigosis See the Second Part. Modern Heathen An Indian Faquir intending to invent a new Spell of Devotion resolved to measure with his Body the whole extent of the Mogul's Empire from Bengala as far as Caboul i. e. from S. E. to N. W. The Pretext for so doing was that being present at the Feast of Houly he had a kind of Novices to wait upon him and serve him At the beginning of his journey he laid himself out at full length on the ground upon his Belly and marking it and so rising up again to walk it and so down and up again continually This was performed punctually and he made a Cosse and half a day i. e. three quarters of a League so that at the years end he was got no farther than the utmost bounds of the Province of Halibas but was loaded with Charity all the way M. de Theven In the Pagod Chitanagar on each side of the Wall is a square hole and in the middle of the thickness of it a long Iron Screw entring perpendicularly into the Wall like a Bar The Irons served to fasten Ropes to for supporting those who performed voluntary Penance for seven days Idem The Bramins shun Pleasure drink Water Sir Tho. Herbert The Gentiles in the East-Indies are great Fasters and none of them let a Fortnight pass without it and then they fast 24 hours A great many of them will fast six or seven days and they say there are some that will fast a whole Month without eating any more than a handful of Rice a day and others that will eat nothing at all only drink Water in which the Root Criata◠hath been boyled When a Woman is at the end of one of these long Fasts the Bramen goes with his Companions to the House of the Penitent and beats a Drum and permits her to eat and return home M. de Thev l. 3. p. 82. Diabolical While I was thus requesting God Edward Kelly made a Vow of Penance during his Life never to eat his Supper or Evening-Meal on Satdr days Dr. Dee's Act. with Sp. p. 334. The Witches in New-England kept Fasting-Days 8. Feasting c. Jewish FEASTS Two-fold 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon the Remainder of a Sacrifice 2. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Compotatio c. Concerning which observe 1. The Preparation They Saluted Kissed washed the Guests Feet by a Servant anointed the Head and Feet 2. Carriage at Table 1. The Master consecrates a Cup of Wine thus Blessed be Thou O Lord our God the King of the World which createst the Fruit of the Vine 2. He tasts the Cup and passeth it about the Table 3. Breaks the Bread and holding it in both hands blesseth it thus Blessed be Thou O Lord our God the King of the World which bringest forth Bread out of the Earth Thus on Festivals at other times they blessed the Bread alone 4. After eating and good Discourse the Master or some Guest began thus Let us bless
Him who hath fed us with His own and of whose Goodness we live All the Guests answer'd Blessed be He of whose Meat we have eaten and of whose goodness we live Then the Master proceeded Blessed be He and blessed be His Name c. annexing a long Prayer in which he gave thanks 1. For present Food 2. Deliverance out of Aegypt 3. Circumcision 4. The Law And Prayed 1. For the People Israel 2. The City Jerusalem 3. Sion the Tabernacle of His Glory 4. The Kingdom of David's House 5. The coming of Elias 6. That God would make them worthy of those Days and the Life of the World to come Then the Guests answer Fear the Lord all ye his Saints for there is no lack c. Afterward he blessed the Cup as before and then drunk round And lastly they sung a Hymn Their gesture was lying on Beds They sent Portions to the needy Ancient Christian The Christian-Feasts used in Primitive Times were called Agapae or Love-Feasts The manner thus 1. They prayed to God before they ventured upon His Creatures 2. Ate but what sufficed Hunger drank no more than consisted with sober and modest Men and fed so as remembring they were to rise at night to worship God 3. When they had done they sung Psalms either of their own Composure or out of the Holy Volumes 4. And as they began so they ended the Feast with Prayer 5. And then departed with the same care to preserve their Modesty and Chastity so that they appeared not so much to have Feasted at Supper as to have fed upon Discipline and Order So Tertullian Mahometan The Mahometans have a kind of Easter-Feast which they call Bayran which lasteth three days in which they enjoy all sorts of Pleasures They have also great Feasting at the Circumcision of their Males They observe divers Festivals Rosse Ancient Heathen The Romans after Sacrificing went to Feast upon the remaining part of the Beast singing the praises of their God After the Banquet they did return to the Altar and cast into the Flames the Morsels of Meat that were left with the Tongue and some Wine and then did return thanks to the God for the honour and advantage of sharing with him in the Victim This ended they concluded with Prayers D Assigny upon Galir p. 26. At their ordinary Feasts they had Libationes To retrench the Expences of their Feasts and oblige them to Frugality and Moderation there were several Laws enacted amongst the Romans called Leges Sumptuariae concerning which more may be seen in A. Gellius Macrobius c. The order and manner of their Feasts was thus 1. As to the time it was commonly at Supper 2. Water was brought to wash with Modern Heathen In Tanquin they keep I casts commonly all Day and Night their most esteem'd Meats are Colt's Flesh and Dog's Flesh most of their Dishes are relished with a kind of Birds-nest which gives them a tast of almost all sorts of Spices They conclude commonly with Comedies and Fire-works Tavernier Diabolical At the Entertainments which the Devil makes for Witches by night Glanvil mentions Wine Cake Roast-Meat Drink Dances Musick And the Devil at Meeting bids them welcome 9. Church-Discipline Excommunication Jewish Observe here 1. THE Causes of Excommunication 1. Among the old Jews were only 1. Leprosie 2. Touching the Dead 3. An Issue 2. Among the Modern Jews are added 1. Scandalizing a Master though dead 2. Reviling a publick Minister of Justice 3. Calling a Free-man a Slave 4. Not appearing at the Consistory c. 5. Undervaluing a single Precept 6. Not doing what is appointed 7. Keeping what may hurt another as a Hiring Dog broken Scales 8. Selling Land to a Gentile 9. Witnessing in a Heathen Court against a Hebrew 10. A Priest Sacrificing and not giving the rest of the Priests their due 11. Working on the Fore-noon before the Passeover 12. Pronouncing the Name of God carelesly or with an Oath or in lofty Hyperbolical Terms 13. Causing the Vulgar to profane it 14. Computing times out of otherwise than their Fore-fathers in the Holy Land 15. Causing the Vulgar to eat holy things out of holy places 16. Causing the Blind to stumble 17. Hindering the Vulgar in any Command 18. A Priest Sacrificing a torn Beast 19. Killing a Beast with a Knife not yet tried by a Rabbi c. 20. Moroseness and backwardness to learn 21. Associating with a Wife after himself hath Divorced her 22. A wise Man or Rabbi of ill Fame 23. Undeservedly Excommunicating another 24. Profaning the Festivals 2. The Kings or Degrees 1. Niddui the lowest 2. Schammatha 3. Cherem Concerning which see in the Second Book Ancient Christian Observe 1. What Crimes All publick in themselves or made known to the Church after private admonition The greatest Temptation was to Idolatry committed 1. By Exposing the Scriptures called Traditores 2. Actual Sacrificing called Thurificati 3. Purchasing a Warrant from the Magistrate to execute them called Libellatici 2. What Penalties viz. Spiritual Excommunication for 2 3 5 7 10 20 30 years sometimes for their whole Life according to the Offence Clergy-men forfeited their Ministry And tho upon repentance admitted to Communion yet but as Lay-men Abstineri 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. Anathematizari 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anathematizari Are all Synonymous terms signifying Excommunication 3. What manner 1. Reproofs and Exhortations were used in the Assembly 2. The Censure was passed not always in a formal manner the Fact being notorious and the offender ipso facto excommunicate The Excommunicate appeared in a sordid habit with a sad Countenance a head hung down tears in their Eyes standing without at the Church-doors never suffered to enter in falling down to the Ministers as they went in and begging the Prayers of all good Christians making open Confession of their Faults This was to satisfy 1. The Church of their Repentance and for the Scandal 2. God by acknowledging the fault and beging pardon 4. The time of Penance ended they addressed themselves to the Governors of the Church for Absolution their repentance examined and found sincere they were openly readmitted by imposition of hands The party kneeling down between the Bishop's knees or the Presbyters in his Absence the Bishop laying his hands on him and blessing him The Penitent was now received with acclamations of joy sometimes weeping for his Recovery to the Lord's Supper c. The set time of Penance was remitted in case of Death Persecution many Offenders Dignity Age c. 4. The Persons Excommunicating 1. The publick Congregation the people Cyprian 2. The Elders President Tertull. 3. The Majores Natu presiding in the Church Firmilian in a letter to Cyprian 4. Only the Bishop Conc. Illiber can 32. or 5. The Presbyter or Deacon in necessity Ibid. Cypr. 6. In the Decian Persecution a publick Penitentiary Martyrs gave sometimes Libellos to mitigate the Penance Mahometan The Mahometans have none but punish by Civil Magistrates
seals the Child i. e. crosseth him on the Forehead Mouth Breast recites a Prayer and waves him in his Arms in form of a Cross elevates him and dismisseth him 3. He blows three times on the Child to dispossess the Devil 4. Pours Water in form of a Cross in token of peace with God 5. Takes the Child out of the Gossip's Arms of which they never have but one and makes the sign of the Cross with Oyl on the Fore-head Breast Reins saying 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 6. He next dips it 3 times in water and looking toward the East saith The servant of God is Baptized in the Name of the Father Amen Of the Son Amen c. N. Their Gossips or Compatri commence a great Friendship and fancy that they cannot mix consanguinity 2. Chrism Tho joyned with Baptism is different from it grounded on 2 Cor. 1.21 22. On Good Friay the Arch-bishop or Bishop consecrates the Oyl It is made of Xylobalsamum Echinanthes Myrrh Xylocatia Carpobalsamum Laudanum and other Gums and Spices F. Simon They defer Baptism till the 3d 4th 6th 10th 14th year 3. Eucharist 1. For preparation they distribute Panem Benedictum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the parts of Bread which remain of the Consecrated Loaf These they carry home to such as cannot come These they say have power to remit Venial Sins 2. In the Chancel on a Table is a Loaf set in this form 3. This the Priest Signs three times using these words In the remembrance of our Lord God and Saviour Jesus Christ 4. He strikes a small Lance several times into the Loaf saying by parcels As a Lamb before his Shearers c. 5. Cuts a piece for himself lays it by the Patina thrusts his Lance into the Bread again with other words cuts a second part forms it like ▵ saying In honour and memory of our blessed Lady Mother of God and perpetual Virgin Mary through whose Prayers O Lord accept this Sacrifice to thine Altar 6. Then cuts out more pieces in memory of John Baptist Moses Aaron Peter Paul Basil Gregory Cosma Damianus c. And Lastly a ninth in honor of S. Chrysostom whose Liturgy is read that day The 9 parcels in reference to the 9 Hierarchies of Angels 7. Then follows the Offertory for the Living every Christian Prelate and the particular Bishop that Ordained the Priest especially those who paid for that Mass the Founders of the Church the Parents and Friends of those which paid for the Mass 8. The Priest lifts up a Silver Star over the Bread saying some short Prayers goes from the place of the Offertory reads the Epistle and Gospel for the day returns covers the Bread and Wine sets it on his Head carries it in Procession through all the Church the People bowing making Crosses throwing infirm persons in the way 9. The Apostles Creed is recited the Veil taken off Air moved over the Bread with a Fan signifying the breath of the Spirit c. 10. The words of Consecration are used In the same night c. 11. Then this Prayer Lord who in the third hour didst send thy Holy Spirit graciously take it not away from us but grant it to us Lord make clean our Hearts within us with some short Soliloques which Prayer is repeated three times with the head bowed down 12. Then the Priest raising himself saith Lord hear my Prayer and lifting up his hand by way of Blessing adds Make this Bread the Holy Body of Christ Amen 13. Here the Consecration being finished he goes on Thou art my God thou art my King I adore thee piously and Faithfully 14. Then covering the Chalice he elevates it and the People worship it 15. The Priest sups three times 16. Those who intend to Communicate first go to the bottom of the Church there to ask forgiveness of the Congregation in these words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Answer is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 17. It is their custom to conserve the Sacrament for the use of the Sick Haec ex D. Addison They gave the Sacrament to the Children at Baptism Believers not to be forced to the Sacrament They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Torches Keep it in a Box and hang it on a Wall They hold tha the Sacrament Consecrated on Holy Thursdays is most Efficacious F. Simon They use Unleavened Bread Administer in both kinds Christ à Jelinger Greeks out of Dr. Addison 4. Priesthood Is accounted a Mystery for its Power and Energy 1 Cor. 4.1 Of this there are these Orders 1. Anagnostes who reads the Hymns which are Sung and the Prophets of the Old Testament 2. The Psaltes who sings the Psalms of David 3. Lampadarios who trims the Lamps 4. Deacons and Subdeacons who read the Epistles and Gospels 5. Secular Priests who can all read and write yet few skill'd in the School-Greek or Latin or Hebrew or Philosophy all books being counted Unlawful but such as treat of Divinity and a Godly Life They are called Papa's They cannot Marry a second time who when Widowers wear Caps turn'd up with white with a fall hanging down on their backs but this is often forfeited and cut off by the Bishop for some sin 6. Religious Priests Kaloirs from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Monks Encloistered professing Chastity and obedience of the Orders of S. Basil besides which they have no other Their Habit A long Cassock of Course Cloth of Camels Colour with a Cap of Felt or Wool made to cover the Ears with a black Coul called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They abstain from Flesh all their Life Some more strict called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 take nothing else but Bread and Water but these are commonly Anchorites several dwell on Mount Athos Their Hair long Their Services are very ridiculous and prolix Every day in Lent they read over the Psaltar once and at the end of every 4 Psalms say Gloria Patri c. with 3 Metagnai or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bowing or kissing the ground 3 times At the end of every 10 Psalms 40 Metagnai which every Kaloir doth 300 times every 24 Hours unless sick and then his Priest must do it for him The one half of these are performed the two first hours of the Night the other half at midnight before they arise to Mattins which begin 4 hours before Day Out of some Monasteries they send 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Messengers to collect Contributions who stay out five years begging the Charity of good People some of which being Temperate live long I knew one 119 years old his Father liv'd but to 80 his Grandfather to 158. Several Monasteries on Mount Athos where the Kaloirs 6000 in number work in such Employments as they are best skill'd in Every Monastery hath its Library but disorderly ones few books but of Divinity few choice ones of them Nor one Book they say varying from the Doctrine of the 7th Council
nor any writ by such as they call Hereticks Bells in all Monasteries The Kaloirs here commonly of good simple godly Lives Greeks out of F. Simon 1. The Church-men accused of Simony 2. They observe not the age required for Episcopacy and Priesthood 3. They take several Orders at one time 4. He is commonly chosen Patriarch that gives most to the Grand Seignior Besides the Patriarch buys the Voices of the Bishops that Elect him The Patriarch makes himself amends when he makes Bishops and they again when they make a Papas selling Orders and Cures and they again the poor people 5. Monks abstain strictly from Flesh tho engaged by no Vow but Custom They sleep not above 4 hours some but two They go to prayers in the Church thrice a day 1. Some Monks called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who eat in the same Refectory use the same Exercise have nothing singular in their Habit yet some are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who profess a more perfect way of living many in number Others are 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who lead not so perfect a Life 2. Some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 who live as themselves please 1. They buy a Cell and necessaries for a Monastery 2. The Yeoman of the Cell provides Bread and Wine 3. They betake to business are bound to no duty 4. At Death they leave all to their companion 3. Some Anchorites who cannot work nor discharge the duties of the Monastery yet have a mind to live in Solitude and these 1. Buy a Cell with a piece of Land c. 2. Go to the Monastery only on Holy-days having no hours appointed them for Prayer 3. Some with leave of the Abbot leave the Monastery and retire for Meditation and Prayer the Monastery sending them once a Month provisions to live upon 4. Some hire a Vine-yard near the Cell and feed on the Grapes Some on Cherries on Beans some Transcribe Books 6. Nuns They 1. Are of S. Basil's Order under an Abbess 2. As strict as the Monks in Fasting Praying c. 3. Their Confessor some old Vertuous Neighbour Monk who says Mass c. 4. Their Habit a Cloak of plain Woollen-Cloth Arms and Hands covered to the Fingers ends 5. Their Head shaven a several Cell and Lodging for each 6. The Rich have a Maid or young Girl which they bring up in Devotion 7. They work with their Needles make Girdles which they sell to the Turks N. B. Some say these at C. P. are Widows aged under no Vow all their customs consisting in wearing a black Veil on their Head declaring that they will Marry no more living commonly at home minding their Huswifery Children c. having more Liberty than before 5. Confession Confession is enjoyn'd 4 times a year to persons of leisure Once a month to the Priests and Religious Once a year to labouring people viz. before their Great Lent To sick people as an ease for spiritual Diseases Repentance is defin'd a sorrow of heart for sin of which a man accuseth himself before a Priest with a firm Resolution to correct the Errors of his past Life by that which is to come and with intention to perform what shall be enjoyn'd him by his Pastor for his Penance Their Argument for Confession The Priest cannot release unless he know what to release Their Penances are Prayers extraordinary Alms Fastings Visiting Holy Places c. The Priest exhorts thus Behold the Angel of the Lord is at hand to take thy Confession see that thou conceal no sin for fear of shame for I also am a man and sinner as thou art To Penitents guilty of mortal sin is administred the Sacrament of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Oyl of Prayer done by the Bp. and 7 Priests by pure Oil and Prayer viz. The Priest dips some Cotton on the End of a stick anoints the Penitents in form of a Cross on the Forehead Chin each Cheek Back and Palms of the Hands and then recites a Prayer The same with the Papists Eztream Vnction 6. Marriage is forbidden after the burial of the Third Husband or Wife because say they it comes under the Notion of Polygamy Divorces are easily granted and the man allowed to take another Wife and perhaps afterward recalled and the man enjoyned to re-assume his former Wife About C.P. and Smyrna and great Cities in imitation of the Turks in Retirement and suffer them not to be seen by the Bridegroom till unveil'd after they are married The Islander Greeks of the Archipelago dancing promiscuously men and women together often make Protestations of Marriages together and then break them which if they do the Old Mothers by Witchcraft 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tie the man from marrying with any other till an agreement be made In Romania or Ramali the Turks have frequently married with Greek women Christians till 1672 when the Patriarch of C. P. complain'd to the Mufti and put a stop to it The Priest marries them with a Ring they have also a Godfather and Godmother who present themselves before the Papa's and hold a Garland of flowers interlaced with Orpine over the heads of the couple pray turn round drink together c. break the glass saying so may the Bridegroom break the Virginity of the Bride M. de Thevenot Muscovites 1. Eight Days after the Child is born he is brought to the Church-Porch where the Priest receives the Child 2. Tells the Witnesses their Duties namely To teach him how to know God and Christ c. 3. After some Prayer plungeth the Child three times over head and ears in a tub of warm Water holding it necessary that every part of the Child be dipped using these Words In the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost N. They hold all to be damned that die without Baptism They Re-baptize Apostates The Duke of Holstein's Ambassador faith 1. The Child is cross'd on the Fore-head 2. Blessed thus The Lord preserve thy coming in and going out 3. Nine Wax-Candles are lighted cross the Font which is in the middle of the Church 4. The God-fathers are Incensed and the Water Consecrated 5. A Procession is made about the Font three times 6. The Child is Named the God-fathers interrogated the Devil exorcised and the Child baptized See more in the Second Book Georgians 1. A Priest reads many Prayers over the Child going on to the end without Baptizing the Child 2. After reading the Child is stript and the God-father Baptizeth the Child without saying any other Words than what was said by the Priest 3. With Baptism they also administer to Children Consumation And the Eucharist 4. The Priest alone is accounted the true Minister of Baptism without him 't is null If the Child dieth before Baptism the Mother's Baptism is sufficient to save the Child 5. They are not very pressing to receive Baptism 6. They Re-baptize such as return after Apostasie F. Simon M. Tavernier saith Virgins brought up in Nunneries to study after some time
and true Blood c. 5. Then he delivers Bread by it self and Wine mingled with Water to represent the Water and Blood that issued out of our Saviour's side 6. They admit Children of 7 Years to this Sacrament F. Simon 7. The Bread is leaven'd with a Cross on it Abyssins They receive some Weekly some Monthly but always at Church Fasting and towards the Evening on Fasting-Days They never spit that Day on which they receive In crowded Churches Priest and Sub-Priest Deacon and Sub-Deacon all help and read Several Prayers at the use of several Vessels and variety of Actions Some bring Offerings Bread Oil c. to be distributed to the Poor They administer in both Kinds to both Clergy and Laity and have been very angry with the Latines for denying the Cup to the Laity Lud. They admit not the Doctrine of Transubstantiation or real presence but when the words of their Liturgy are objected e. g. Lord now lay thy hand upon this Dish bless it and Sanctifie it that so thy Body may be made Holy therein And again Convert this Bread that it may become thy pure Body which is join'd with this Cup of thy most precious Blood c. They answer Retzitze nagare vet i. e. 'T is a nice business Or Mastar vet i. e. 't is a Mystery In short one Gregory a Native of Abyssinia told my Author Ludolphus That his Countrey men were not so scrupulous Ludolph Georgians 1. They Consecrate in wooden Chalices 2. They give the Communion to Children when dying 3. Others at Age receive but seldom 4. They carry the Sacrament to the Sick without Light or Attendance 5. On some Holy-days the Priests together assist at the Mass of the Bishop who gives them the Sacrament in their hands and they themselves carry it to their Mouths Christians of St. John 1. They use Flour kneaded with Wine and Oil. 2. They use no other form of Consecration then only some long Prayers to praise and thank God at the same time blessing the Bread and VVine never making mention of his Body and Blood 3. The Priest takes the Bread and having eaten some of it distributes the rest to the People M. Tavern v. post Mengrelians The Papa's of Mengrelia keep the Eucharist in a little bag of Leather or Cloth which they tie to their Girdle and carry it about them whithersoever they go to be made use of upon occasions when they are to give the Viaticum to the Sick Yea they give it to others Men or VVomen to carry c. Armenians 1. They use leaven'd Bread 2. They mingle no Water with their Wine 3. Consecrate in wooden and earthen Dishes 4. Give the Communion to Children and at Weddings to the Married couple 3. They never Communicate without singing and playing on great Cymbals called Hambarzon D. of Holst Emb. But now saith Tavernier they spare no cost to adorn the Choir and Altar you tread upon rich Carpets c. From the Body of the Church to the Choir is usually an Ascent of 5 or 6 Steps Nestorians They consecrate in leaven'd bread They put into their bread salt and oyl using a great many prayers Indians 1. They Communicate on Holy Thursday and other Festivals 2. They use no other preparation then coming to the Sacrament fasting Others say 3. They consecrate with little Cakes made with oyl and Salt which the Deacons and other inferior Church-men baked in a Copper vessel singing several Psalms and Hymns whilst they were a baking And when they are ready to Consecrate through a hole in the floor of that little Tower wherein they baked they let the Cake in a little basket made of leaves slide down upon the Altar 4. Their wine is only water with dry grapes infused 5. He that serves at Mass wears a Stole over his ordinary cloaths tho no Deacon 6. The same hath always a Censer in his hand and saith almost as many prayers as he that Celebrates Cophties 1. They never Communicate in private places 2. The Priest at Communion breaks the bread in form of a Cross and puts it into the wine eating 3 morsels and drinking 3 spoonfuls 3. They consecrate in leaven'd bread which they call Baraca i. e. benediction before consecration and Corban or Communion afterwards 4. They use little loaves as big as a Crown piece whereof they bake many the night before the Liturgy and at the end of Mass distribute them to those who have been present 5. They use not Tavern-wine as prophane but private or water with raisins infused 6. They never confess or Communicate but in Lent 7. They Communicate in both kinds 8. They give wine in a spoon 9. They give the Communion to children after baptsim 10. Vanslebio reports that at the Elevation of the Host they knock their breasts cast themselves on the ground make the sign of the cross and move their cap a little F. Sim. Maronites 1. They consecrate with unleaven'd bread tho probably this but of late since their submission to Rome Abyssins 1. The Abuna Papas or Metropolitan Consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria and sent out of Egypt They take Ordination many times with Tears in their Eyes by reason of the Turkish Vexations Their only Qualification is only to be able to read Arabic The Fathers of the Society tell us of a sad tool in their time a Miller Of these there are Four of equal Power and Dignity No Bishops nor Arch-bishops 2. Icegue the Governor of the Monks 3. Comos Overseers of the principal Churches 4. Depterat or Canons who look to their Musick 5. Nebrat or Dean 6. Kasis or Priest 7. Sub-priest 8. Deacon 9. Subdeacon All carry a Cross in their hands Georgians They Confess twice in their Life 1. At Marriage 2. Death Their Confession is in three or four words Muscovites Before the Sacrament they Confess in the midst of the Church before an Image all their Particular Sins at every sin expressing remorse and promising Amendment Absolution is granted with the Assignation of certain Penances as saying Gospodi Pomilui several times making several reverences before the Saints abstaining from Women for a time standing at the Church-door using of Holy Water which the Priests Consecrate on Twelfth-day and not to be had of them for nothing this water they think hath the vertue to cleanse them from all their sins D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. Ahassins Account confession one of their seven sacraments But they neither confess the number nor the particular species of their sins but cry in general I have sinned I have sinned absan absan Insomuch that when the Roman Priests press'd them to particular confession they never acknowledged any more then three if they had been guilty Homicide Adultery and Theft The offender is absolved in few words together with some gentle stripes upon the side with an Olive Twig but for those great crimes before mention'd they are many times severely scourged Ludolph The Metropolitan sometimes hears
confession and upon a heinous crime riseth up and after a sharp rebuke cries out Hast thou done this Dost thou not fear God Go to let him be scourged 30 or 40 times Tellez One to avoid a sharp and open Absolution desired to be heard in private to whom the Metropolitan How shall not thy sins be made manifest at the last days before all the world Tell therefore what it is Confession being made that it was stealing Oxen the Offender being present he was constrained to restore the Oxen and undergo a severe penalty beside Ludolph Armenians When an Armenian confesseth e. g. Robbery Murder c. the Confessor tells him God is merciful c. But if eating Butter on a Friday or day of fasting Oh! a grievous Crime and severe Penances enjoyn'd for it as fasting several months refraining six months from his Wife M. de Thevenot The Priests give Absolution indifferently for all sins F. Sim. Extream Unction is not administred till after Death and commonly given only to Priests Georgians If they have no Children by their Wives they divorce from them by permission of the Priests and marry others So also in case of Adultery and Quarrelling Muscovites They forbid Polygamy as also Fourth Marriages by Succession as also marriage of two brothers to two sisters and of Godfathers and Godmothers Young men and maids may not see one another nor speak together before marriage or make any promise by word or writing D. of Holstein 's Embaessad Travels See more in the second book Indians They were married by the first Priest they found Abissines Polygamy is tolerated by the Civil Magistrate but not allowed by the Church and such as marry more than one are prohibited from the Holy Sacrament Alvarez tells of his own knowledge that his Host at Dobarra had 3 Wives and by them 37 Children for which he was not admitted to Church Communion till he had put two of them away Their Kings have many Wives and Concubines the Laws of their Church and Nation not agreeing well together Marriages of Kindred forbidden even to distant degrees for the Ethiopians wanting Terms of Distinction call all one another Sisters and Brothers Thus a Church-man may not marry his brother's Wife but a Lay-person may No Marriages but such as are approved by Divine Authority are honour'd with Sacerdotal Benediction nor those publickly in the Church unless they be such Clergy-men to whom the Hallelujah is sung Other people are married at home or before the Church-doors All secular persons may throw off the Yoke when they please and do often upon light causes by determination of the King's Judges Job Ludolph l. 3. Armenians They marry their Children very young sometimes promise them as soon as born and often marry them at 7 or 8 years old bur tho the Priest perform the Ceremonies then yet they defer the consummation till the usual time M. de Thev The Priest brings them near the Altar reads several Prayers blesses the marriage by holding a Wooden Cross over them joyning their hands and heads together yet so that the Bride's Head touches the Bridegroom's Breast then they communicate afterward the Priest casts Rose-water upon them and ties a Scarf about the Bride 's Right Hand by which the Bridegroom leads her D. of Holst Emb. Maronites They make no publication in Church of marriages before the solemnity They go to any Priest to marry them They marry sometimes under the age of 12 or 14. They suffer not two brothers to marry two sisters nor the Father and Son to marry Mother and Daughter F. Simon out of Daudini the Jesuit Mengrelians Young maids out of the Nunneries are allowed to confess baptize marry and perform all other Ecclesiastical Functions which I never knew practis'd in any other part of the World beside Tavernier l. 3. c. 10. The Bishop dissolves marriages when they please and then marry again after they have sold the first if they are not married to their fancy they take another for a time and pay her as the Turks do Idem Faith and Vsages Greeks 2. Of their Faith and Vsages c. Divine Service Prayer THey have 4 Liturgies viz. One of S. James 5 hours long used once every year of S. Chrysostom to be read almost every day in the year of S. Basil and of S. Gregory They use Pictures and burn Lamps before them Perfume them with Incense begin and end their Prayers with Bowings and Crossing before them But abhor all Carved Images They Pray to Saints and thus teach their Children and privately Pray themselves morning and evening All Holy Lady Mother of God Pray for us sinners All Coelestial Powers of Angels and Arch-Angels Pray for us sinners Holy John Ptophet and Fore-runner and Baptist of our Lord Jesus Christ pray c. Holy Orthodox Apostles Prophets and Martyrs and all Saints pray c. O Sacred Ministers of God our Fathers Shepherds and Teachers of the World pray c. O Invincible and Indissoluble and Divine Powers of the Reverend and Life-giving Cross forsake us not sinners The precepts of their Church require them to pray at the times of the Liturgy morning and evening on the Lord's day and other Festivals Also to pray for Kings Patriarchs Bishops and all Souls departed in the Catholick Church and for all Hereticks c. That they may return before their passage from this Life Indians of S. Thomas They go daily to Church to read the Liturgy aloud in the Chaldaick Tongue But they do not think themselves obliged to rehearse it elsewhere nor have they any Breviaries for saying it in private In some places Mass is said but once a year in others scarce once in six or seven or ten years F. Simon out of Menes's Memoirs They have no Images only the Cross they Honour much Georgians The Church-men do not daily say their Breviary but one or two only say and the rest listen Abyssins Their whole Divine Service is compleared by the Sole Administration of the Sacrament and reading some few broken parcels of the New Testament for they neither use Sacred Hymns nor Preaching Ludolph Cophties They have a Book of Homilies taken out of the chief Fathers They Worship Images yet have no Statues by Kissing Burning Lamps before them with the Oyl of which they anoint the Sick 1. On Saturday-Even after Sun-set the Priest attended by his Ministers goes to Church to sing Vespers about an Hour those who are present sleep afterward in Church or smoke Tobacco or drink Coffee c. 2. Two hours after Midnight they say Matins and afterwards Mass to which many resort 3. When they enter the Church they take off their Shoes kiss the ground near the door then draw near the Arch-priest kiss his Hand to receive his blessing 4. If the Patriarch be present and do not Officiate he sits on a Throne with a Copper Cross in his hand which the People kiss 3. After the Gospel they read somewhat out of the Book
High Creator of all things That the Bishop reads Prayers over the Child in Church before the Baptism and in the River at Baptism while the Godfather plunges the Child three times all over and then to Feasting Papists 1. Doctrines according to the Council of Trent I N. do with a stedfast Faith believe and profess all and every Point contained in the Symbol of the Faith that the Holy Roman Church doth use viz. To believe in God the Father Almighty Maker of Heaven and Earth of all things visible and invisible And in one Lord Jesus Christ the only begotten Son of God and born of the Father before all Worlds God of God Light of Light True God of True God begotten not made of the same Substance with the Father by whom all things were made who for us Men and for our Salvation came down from Heaven was Incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary and was made Man was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate suffered and was buried and rose again the third day according to the Scriptures and ascended up into Heaven sitteth at the right Hand of the Father and he shall come again with Glory to judge both the Quick and the Dead of whose Kingdom there shall be no end and in the Holy Ghost the Lord and Giver of Life who proceedeth from the Father and the Son who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified who spake by the Prophets and one Holy Catholick and Apostolick Church I confess one Baptism for the Remission of Sins and I expect the Resurrection of the Dead and the Life of the World to come Amen I do most stedfastly admit and embrace the Traditions of the Apostles and of the Church and all other Observances and Constitutions of the same Church I do likewise admit the Holy Scripture according to that Sense which our Holy Mother the Catholick Church hath holden and doth hold unto whom it doth appertain to judge of the True Sense and Interpretation of the Holy Scriptures neither will I ever understand nor interpret the same otherwise than according to the uniform consent of the Fathers I do also profess that there be truly and properly Seven Sacraments of the New Law and necessary for the Salvation of Mankind although they be not necessary for all Men viz. Baptism Confirmation Eucharist Pennance Extream Unction Orders and Matrimony and that these Sacraments do give Grace and that of them Baptism Confirmation and Orders cannot be reiterated without Sacrilege I do also receive and admit all the received and approved Ceremonies of the Catholick Church in the Solemn Administration of all the aforesaid Sacraments I do embrace and receive all and every of those things which in the Holy Council of Trent have been defined and declared touching Original Sin and Justification I do profess also that in the Mass is offered unto God a true proper and propitiatory Sacrifice for the Quick and Dead and that in the most Holy Sacrifice of the Altar there is truly really and substantially the Body and Blood together with the Soul and Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ and that there is made a Conversion of the whole Substance of Wine into the Blood which Conversion the Catholick Church doth call Transubstantiation I do also confess that under either kind only is received Christ whole intire and the True Sacrament I do constantly hold that there it Purgatory and that the Souls which be there detained are holpen by the Prayers of the Faithful Also that the Saints who reign together with Christ are to be worshipped and called upon and that they offer up Prayers to God for us and that their Relicks are to be worshipped I do most stedfastly affirm that the Images of Christ of the Mother of God always Virgin and of other Saints are to be had and received and that due Honour and Reverence is to be given to them I do affirm that the Authority of Indulgencies was left by Christ in the Church and that the use of them is very behooveful to Christian People I do acknowledge the Holy Catholick and Apostolick Roman Church to be the Mother and Mistress of all Churches and do promise and swear true Obedience to the Bishop of Rome who is the Successor of St. Peter Prince of the Apostles and the Vicar of Jesus Christ All other things defined and declared by the Holy Canons and Oecumenical Councils and chiefly by the Holy Council of Trent I do undoubtedly receive and profess And also all contrary things and whatsoever Heresies condemned rejected and accursed by the Church I likewise do condemn reject and accurse This True Catholick Faith without which no Man can be Saved which now I do willingly profess and hold I the same I. N. do Promise Vow and Swear to hold and confess most constantly by God's help intire and uncorrupted even to the last end of my Life and to procure as much as shall lye in me that my Subjects or those of whom I shall have care in my Office shall accordingly teach and preach the same So God help me and these Holy Gospels of God Dr. James Library-keeper of Oxford out of Lewis de Grenado 's Sp. Doctrine 2. Vsages and Ceremonies and Traditions 1. In publick Prayers they use the Latine-Tongue 2. In the Commandments they make the First and Second One and divide the Tenth into Two 3. They distinguish Sins into 1. Mortal by which only they say the Commandments are broken which are 1. Pride 2. Covetousness 3. Leachery 4. Anger 5. Gluttony 6. Envy 7. Sloth 2. Venial Not contrary to the end of the Commandments i. e. to Charity e. g. an idle Word an officious or jesting Lie stealing of a Pin or Apple c. not killing but disposing to mortal Sin 4. They say 't is possible necessary and easie by the assistance of God's Grace to keep all the Commandments 5. That mortal sin is remitted by 1. Hearty Penance 2. Contrition 6. That venial sin is remitted by 1. All the Sacraments 2. Holy-water 3. Devout Prayer c. 7. The punishment Of mortal sin is Hell for ever 7. The punishment Of venial sin is Purgatory 8. That there are six Sins against the Holy Ghost 1. Despair of Salvation 2. Presumption of God's Mercy 3. Impugning the known Truth 4. Envy at others known good 5. Obstinacy in Sin 6. Final Impenitence 9. That there are four crying Sins 1. Wilful Murder 2. The Sin of Sodom 3. Oppression of the Poor 4. Defrauding VVork-men of their VVages 10. There be three principal Counsels of Christ to his Church 1. Voluntary Poverty 2. Perpetual Chastity 3. Obedience to another's will in all that is not Sin 11. There be six Commandments of the Church principally 1. To hear Mass on all Sundays and Holy-Days if opportunity serve 2. To Fast 1. Lent 2. Vigils commanded 3. Ember-Days and Fridays by custom of England 4. To abstain from Flesh on Saturdays 3. To confess
our Sins at least once a Year 4. To receive the blessed Sacrament at least once a Year and that at Easter or thereabouts 5. To pay Tithes to our Pastors 6. Not to celebrate Marriage on times prohibited viz. from the first Sunday of Advent 'till Twelfth-day be past nor from Ash-Wednesday 'till Low-Sunday de past N. B. 'T is a mortal Sin to break any of these Commandments 12. There be Seven Sacraments 1. Baptism in the Name of the Father Son and Holy Ghost c. Observ 1. The Minister 1. The Priest ordinarily 2. A Lay-man or Woman in case of necessity 2. The Effects 1. Remission of Sin Original and Actual 2. A Spiritual Character in the Soul for ever 3. Sponsors One God-father and one God-mother since Trent C. 4. Ceremonies 1. The Priest breaths on the Child's face 2. Sign of the Cross on the Breast and Forehead 3. Putting Salt in the Child's mouth 4. Spittle laid on the Ears and Nostrils 5. Anointing on the Head Shoulders Breast 6. White Chrism given to the Child 7. A hallowed Light given to it 2. Confirmation Observe 1. The Form I sign thee with the sign of the Cross I confirm thee with the Chrism of Salvation in the Name of the Father c. 2. The Matter Oil mingled with Balsn blessed by a Bishop 3. It Seals or gives a Character 4. The Time at seven years old 5. The Ceremonies 1. A blow on the Cheek 2. One God-father or God-mother 3. Eucharist Cons 1. The Matter wheaten Bread and Wine of the Grape with a little Water 2. Disposition in the Receiver Confession of Sin being in a State of Grace 3. The Laity Communicate in one kind 4. Penance Consider 1. The Form I absolve thee from thy sins in the Name of the Father c. 2. The Parts 1. Contrition 2. Confession 3. Satisfaction 1. Contrition is a hearty sorrow for our Sins proceeding immediately from the Love of God and joyned with a firm purpose of Amendment 2. Attrition from the fear of Hell or punishment or filthiness of sin or spiritual damage from sin This with Sacramental Confession and Absolution will remit sin A dying Man in mortal sin if he cannot have a Priest must have Contrition 3. Confession must be Short Diligent Humble Confounding Sincere Entire 4. Satisfaction is the Sacramental Penance enjoyned by the Priest at Confession Also Voluntary Prayers Fasting Good Works Sufferings By which Satisfaction is made for temporal punishments due sometimes to sin after forgiveness Indulgencies viz. The superabundant Merits of Christ and his Saints applied to our Souls by the grant of the Church 5. Extream Vnction 1. The matter of it is Oil blessed by a Bishop 2. The Form By this anointing and his own most pious Mercy let our Lord pardon thee whatsoever thou hast sinned by thy seeing c. 3. The Effects 1. Spiritual Comfort 2. Remission of venial sin and the relicks of sin 3. Corporal Health if expedient 6. Holy Order Concerning which observe To whom it belongs viz. Bishops Priests Deacons Sub-Deacons Inferiour Orders are Acolyte Lector Exorcist and Porter 7. Matrimony Concerning which observe 1. Who may Marry 1. Only the Laity 2. Persons not a-kin by collateral Consanguinity or Affinity to the fourth degree or at all in the right Line but the Church can dispense with all except Brothers and Sisters 13. There are four Cardinal Vertues Prudence Justice Fortitude and Temperance 14. Seven Gifts of the Holy Ghost Wisdom Understanding Counsel Fortitude Knowledge Piety and the Fear of our Lord. 15. Twelve Fruits of the Holy Ghost Charity Joy Peace Patience Longanimity Goodness Benignity Mildness Fidelity Modesty Continency Chastity 16. Seven works of Mercy To feed the Hungry give drink to the Thirsty cloath the Naked to harbour the Harbourless to visit the Sick to visit the Imprisoned 17. Seven works of Mercy spiritual To give Counsel to the Doubtful to Instruct the Ignorant to Admonish Sinners to Comfort the Afflicted to forgive Offences to bear patiently the Troublesome to pray for the Quick and Dead 18. Ceremonies of the Mass 1. Ornaments of the Priest 1. Amis or Linnen Veil representing the Veil on our Saviour's Face 2. The Albe signifying the white Garment which Herod put on 3. The Girdle signifying the Cord by which he was bound in the Garden 4. The Maniple the Cord which bound him to the Pillar 5. The Stole the Cord by which he was led to be Crucified 6. The Upper Vestment the seamless Coat of Christ and also the Purple Garment 2. The Altar representing the Cross with its Appurtenances 1. The Chalice the Sepulchre of Christ 2. The Patine the Stone rowled to the Door of the Sepulchre 3. The Altar-cloaths Corporal and Pall the Linnen in which the Body of Christ was shrowded 4. The Candles on the Altar the Light which Christ brought into the World 3. Gestures 1. Coming back three steps from the Altar and humbling himself before he begins again the prostration of Christ in the Garden 2. Bowing again at the Confiteor to provoke Humility and Contrition in the People 3. Beating his Breast at mea culpa to teach Humiliation 4. Ascending to the Altar the Priest kisseth the middle of it because the Altar signifies the Church kissing Peace and Unity 4. Parts 1. Introite the entrance into the Office after the Priest's coming to the Altar which is repeated twice 2. Gloria Patri added to it 3. Kyrie Eleison 4. Gloria in excebsis 5. Oremus 6. The Collect viz. a Sum of the Epistle and Gospel 7. The Gradual the holy degrees of Penance 8. The Tract viz. two or three Versicles betwixt the Epistle and Gospel sung with a slow long protracted Tone between Septuagesima and Easter in place of the Gradual because a time of penance and mourning 9. The Gospel read at the North-end of the Altar to signifie that Satan's Kingdom seated in the North Jer. 1.14 is destroyed 4. Gestures again 1. Signing the Book with the Sign of the Cross 2. Priest and People sign themselves with the Cross in three places viz. Fore-head Mouth and Breast 3. The first Offertory of Bread and Wine mingled with Water 4. The Priest washing the ends of his Fingers 5. Silence a while 6. Elevating the Voice in saying the Preface 7. The Canon the most sacred essential part of the Mass read with a low Voice signifying the sadness of Christ's Passion 8. Beginning the Canon with bowing of the Head 9. In the midst of it kissing the Altar and signing the Host and Chalice thrice with the sign of the Cross 10. Signing the Offerings again five times 11. After Consecration kneeling and adoring 12. Elevation of the Host and Chalice 13. Signing again the Offerings five times to signifie Christ's five Wounds 14. A nomination of the Dead to whom the Sacrifice is applied 15. Elevation of the Voice again in saying Nobis quoque peccatoribus 16. Signing the Host and Chalice three times again to signifie the
by that Court c. See more in Dr. Burnet 's Letters and the Supplement to them Ambrosian and Roman Office As for the Devotions of this place Milan I saw here the Ambrosian Office which is distinguished from the Roman both in the Musick which is much simpler and in some other Rites The Gospel is read in a high Pulpit at the lower end of the Quire that so it may be heard by all the People though this is needless since it is read in a Language that they do not understand When they go to say High Mass the Priest comes from the high Altar to the lower end of the Quire where the Offertory of Bread and Wine is made by some of the Laity Dr. Burnet 's Letters Hither may be referred the difference of their Divine Service in England formerly Secundum usum Sarum Bangor c. Protestants 1. Lutherans 1. Their Doctrines IN most Points they agree with the Calvinists as may be seen in their Confessions except that they hold that Christ is consubstantially in the Sacrament and some of them agree not with the Calvinists in the Point of Absolute Predestination nor in the Abolition of Saints days c. 2. Discipline and Worship 1. They retain Bishops but shorten their Revenues in Germany Denmark Swedeland but not in England 2. They use Forms of Prayer Kneeling at the Sacrament generally keep some Holy-days of Saints in many places use Instrumental Musick particularly 1. In Swedeland 1. Their number of parish-Parish-Churches are 42000 all covered with Copper 2. In all of them there are Organs in some two or three pair and Bells in all their Churches 3. There are in that Kingdom 64 Provinces 12 or 14 Bishops one Arch-bishop residing at Vpsal 4. The Bishop with all the Priests of his Provinces hears Causes and Excommunicates 5. Their Elders are for Life and their Office to take care of the Church-repairs and the Poor 6. Two or three Chaplains belong to every Church at least 7. Three times a day they go to Church except on Fasting-days for then four Ministers preach successively and the People go not out from Morning till Night their Order of Service thus 1. The Morning for Servants when there is 1. A Psalm sung 2. A Prayer in Form and a Psalm again 3. The Chapter wherein the Text lies read 4. A Psalm sung again viz. some Epistle of Luther's translated into Hymn 5. The Sermon of an hour long 6. A Psalm again 2. The middle Service for Masters of Families c. in which there is the same order as before except that the Text is taken out of the Gospel and the Gospel read before the Altar For they have an Offering every Lord's day and a Sacrament after the second Sermon the People coming to Church on Saturday to be prepared for the Sacrament and receiving a Ticket for which they pay a Fee 3. Their last Service is from one till five a clock All their Weddlings are in Church Mr. Derick Reynes a Native 2. In Livonia an Inland adjoyning to the Baltick Sea now under the King of Swedeland 1. It s Government is by an Arch-bishop residing at Riga and Bishops or Superintendants at Reuel c. 2. Their Doctrine is according to the Auspurg Confession 3. Their Knowledge and Devotion very little and mixt with much Superstition and Sorcery for there is hardly a Village but hath a Church and Minister and yet the People so poorly instructed that it may be said Baptism excepted they have not any Character of Christianity they very seldom go to Sermons and never almost communicate unless forced and driven to it by other occasions D. of Holstein 's Ambass Travels into Muscovy c. 3. In Germany 1. Their Government is by Bishops and Superintendants c. 2. Their Doctrine differs a litlte but not in the substantial part of it as may be seen in the Harmony of Confessions 3. They have a Sermon every day saith Dr. Brown at Hamburgh as in other Lutheran Cities In his Travels p. 176. 4. They retain Pictures in their Churches The Lutherans at Frank ford have built a new Church called S. Catherines in which there is as much Painting as ever I saw in any Popish Church and over the High Altar is a huge carved Crucifix as there are Painted ones in other places of their Church Dr. Burnet's Letters 5. At Strasburg they bow when they name the Holy Ghost as well as the Name of Jesus Idem 6. I was in their Church saith the Reverend Author where if the Musick of their Psalms pleased me much the Irreverence in singing it being free to keep on or put off the hat did appear very strange to me Idem ibid. 7. They have not as Strasburg the same Ceremonies that the Lutherans of Saxony have which Mr. Bebel their Professor of Divinity said was a great Happiness for a similitude in outward rites might dispose the ignorant People to change too easily ibid. 8. The Lutherans for the greatest part retain their Animosities almost to an equal degree both against Papists and Calvinists ibid. 9. The Lutheran Churches are handsome and their Pulpits exeraordinary Noble and richly set off as I observed through all Saxony Noremberg and where they are Masters of the places c. Dr. Brown's Travels In the Palatinate the Order of their Service is thus as I received it from the hand of one Herman Graffâ—ing of Keysart Lautern a Native of the Palatinate On Sundays Morning-Service 1. On a Sledge in the Porch is notified what Psalms are to be sung 2. When they are come into Church the Clerk begins to sing the people all joyning with him presently every one having his book and the Scholars generally being taught at School to sing by Notes the melody is pleasant 3. The Minister prays in the book one prayer concluding always with the Lord's Prayer 4. Then follows a short Hymn to this sense O God that art our Father through Jesus Christ give us thy Spirit in general that may lead us into the Truth hear us in this hour Open the mouth of thy Servant that the word may be pure and freely explained O Lord graciously open our hearts and ears that we may hear it with all diligence and keep it truly so that we may plentifully declare thy praise 5. After this Hymn is sung the Minister prays in short Extempore with respect to his Sermon 6. Next he preacheth and after he hath divided his Text and disposed his Sermon into parts which he doth without book the Minister being bare or using only a Cap upon his head but the people covered He makes a short Prayer and exhorts them to attention and charitableness to the poor c. the people all standing up and putting off their Hats Whereupon the people sit down again and he proceeds on with his Sermon and the Church-warden goes about from Pew to Pew with a long Staff and a Purse and Bell at the end of it to gather
perform'd at Ispahan riding on Horse-back to the side of the River with all his Nobility M. Tavernier l. 4. c. 11. Bohemians Neither are we alone in this use viz. of kneeling at the Lord's Supper the Church of Bohemy allows and practiseth it Dr. Hall Gilolo and Amboina The Inhabitans here Circumcise by only slitting the Prepuce with a Cane provided for that use Packet broke open vol. 2. Persia The Persians dedicate their Children to their Saints Ibid. Sanchion In Sanchion there are several Monasteries of Idols to whom they Dedicate their Children and on Festivals Sacrifice Rams for their preservation ibid. Circassians The Circassians Baptize and Circumcise and indeed are composed of both Christians Mahometans Jews and Idolaters ibid. Loango They are Idolaters and Circumcise ibid. Guinea In Guinea the Priest sprinkles young boys with Water in which a Newt swims they also use Circumcision ibid. Madagascar In Madagascar they are Circumcised ibid. Mexico The Mexicans have among them a kind of Baptism viz. cutting the Ears and Members of young Children washing them presently upon their birth and putting a Sword in the Right Hand and a Target in the left this for Kings and Noble Mens Children But to the Children of the Vulgar they put the marks of their Callings and to their Daughters Instruments to Spin Knit and Labour Purchas Confession sorrow for Sin Mortifications c. Absolution Jews AT the Feast of Expiation or Attonement every morning during the Feast they thrice repeat this Confession O Lord thy People have sinned c. Instead of a proper Sacrifice because they want a place every Father of a House takes a Cock and waves it three times about his Neck c. About the middle of their Service they make an interruption and two by two step aside in the Synagogue and confess their Sins each to other he that Confesseth turns his Face Northwards and with great seeming Contrition bows his Body beats his Breast and readily submits his back to such stripes as his Friend will inflict who yet never exceeds the Number of 39. Dr. Addison Ancient Heathen Diamastigosis was a great Solemnity among the Lacedaemonians of which Tertullian makes mention in his Apolog. c. and Philostratus in the Life of Apollonius Tianaeus in which young Gentlemen were beaten with Scourges before the Altar Papists The Papists are bound to Confession at least once a year at or near Easter and to receive the Sacrament and to undergo the Penance Assign'd them by the Priest after which Penance the Bishop goes to the Church-door where the Penitent lies Prostrate on the ground saying Come ye Children hearken unto me I will teach you the fear of the Lord. Then he kneels and Prays for him admonishes him brings him into Church where he cuts his Hair and Beard lays aside his Penitential Robes puts on clean Clothes and receives the Lord's Supper Rosse Abassines The Abassines being of a soft and mild disposition for the most part so soon as they have committed an offence that is notable presently run to their Confessors and confessing that they have sinn'd desire to receive the Communion for the quiet of their Consciences Ludolph Some of the Abassine Monks have invented several ways of Afflicting their Bodies as for example To stand whole days together in cold Water To gird their Loyns with a heavy Chain To feed only upon Pot-herbs and Roots To thrust themselves into the Clefts of Trees and upon their closing again to suffer themselves to be buried alive Jo. Ludolph Armenians I staid at the Three Churches Egmiasin with the Patriarch three hours and while we were discoursing together in came one of the Monks of the Convent who had not spoken to any person whatsoever in 22 years by reason of a Penance that was imposed upon him Never did Man appear so meager and deformed but the Patriarch sent for him and by his Authority Commanded him to break silence which he did by speaking at the same time M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 3. Mahometans Some Santoes in Egypt go stark naked many of whom I have seen without the least rag to cover their Nakedness in Winter or Summer And suffer their Hair to grow as long as it can for greater mortification Go often to dine with the great Men of the City which is accounted a Blessing to the House but very Lascivious many Women kissing their Priapus with great Veneration M. de Thev Some eat Serpents Idem A Santo at Caire had a Turban as broad as a Milstone weighing half an hundred weight The weight of his Turban made him walk very softly Idem Heathens In Narsinga and Bisnagar Pilgrims resort to a certain Idol either with their Heads bound or Ropes about their Necks or Knives sticking in their Arms and Legs which Limbs if they Fester they are accounted Holy When their Idol is carried in Procession Pilgrims strive to be crushed to Death and when their Bodies are burned their Ashes are kept as Holy Relicks Some of them cut their Flesh in pieces and stab themselves with Knives to the Honour of this Idol Rosse In Ceylon or Zeilan some go on Pilgrimages a thousand Leagues eighteen Miles whereof they wade up to the middle in dirty stinking Water full of Blood-leeches and seven Leagues they clamber up a steep Mountain by the help of Nails and Thorns tied together and all this to visit a Stone on the top of this Hill having in it the print of a Man's Foot who they say came thither first to instruct them in Religion Near the Stone is a Springing water in which they Wash then Pray and with sharp-pointed Instruments cut their Flesh and draw Blood thinking thereby all their Sins are pardoned and God pleased Idem In New-Spain on the Feast of Penance and Pardon when they Sacrificed a Captive after much Adoration they took up Earth and eat it desiring Pardon for their Sins and bringing Rich Presents to their Idol and Whipping themselves on the Shoulders On this day much Meat is presented to the Idols and then to the Priests who five days before had eat but one Meal a day Idem The Southern Americans at an Eclipse Fast the married Women scratch their Faces and pluck their Hairs the Maids draw Blood with sharp Fish-bones supposing the Sun to be angry with them Idem The Gaurs in Persia preserve Cows-piss and compound it with a Water which they cause them to drink who have committed any Sin after they have been at Confession for it They call it the Cazi's Water which Urine ought to be preserved forty days with an Infusion of Willow-bark and certain Herbs When any Person is confessed if it be a Crying Sin the Party is to stay ten days in the Cazi's House and not to eat or drink but what the Priest gives him And in order to Absolution the Priest strips him naked and tyes a little Dog to his right great Toe which he leads with him about the Cazi's House where-ever he goes
and if that will not do his Children Tavernier l. 3. c. 9. Muscovites There is no Craft or Cheat but the Muscovites make use of it rather to circumvent others than to prevent being deceived themselves Yet they make Conscience to retain what is paid them more than their due and return what they have received by mistake But they think it no Sin in their Dealings to surprize those who Trade with them giving this reason That the Merchant is to make his Advantage of the Wit and Industry God hath bestowed on him or never meddle with Traffick Accordingly when some Muscovites found themselves over-reached notoriously by a Dutch Merchant they desired better acquaintance with him looking upon him and applauding him for a very Ingenious Man hoping to get some Secret out of him D. of Holstein 's Amb. Trav. And because Cheating cannot be exercised without Treachery Lying and Distrust they are marvellously well versed in these Qualities as also in the Lectures of Calumny which they commonly make use of against those on whom they would be revenged for Theft which among them is the most enormous of all Crimes and the most severely punished Idem Such as cannot pay their Debts are first put into the Sergeants House till a further time if he pay not then he is carried to Prison every day brought out and beat upon the Shin-bone by the common Executioner with a Wand for a whole hour together and then to Prison again till next day c. And this upon all sorts of Persons Subjects or Foreigners Men or Women Priests or Laicks Idem Abassines See afterwards under the Title of Care of Mens Bodies Mahometans and Indians By the Laws of India they imprison for debt and hang fetters on them Many times they will sell their persons who are the Debtors and wives and children into bondage when they cannot satisfy their debts The Hindoes are so very just in their dealings that if a man will put it to their Consciences to sell the Commodity as low as they can they will deal honestly and squarely with him But if a man offer them much less then the price they will presently say what dost thou think me a Christian that would go about to deceive thee The great Mogul will himself sit as Judge in matters of Consequence that happen near him They proceed in their Tryals Socundum allegata probata They punish Theft and Murder with death and what kind of Death the Judge pleaseth to appoint Some are hanged beheaded empailed and put on stakes torn in peices by wild Beasts killed by Elephants stung with Snakes No Malefactors lie above one night in prison Sometimes not all but are speedily brought upon trial and so to Execution The Mahometans are prohibited by their Alcoran to lend Money upon Usury and with them it is a very great Sin and they are very careful to abstain from it yet some of them make such Bargains as differ little from Usury M. de Thevenot Sultan Amurat disguising himself would go sometimes to a Baker's Shop and buy Bread and sometimes to a Butcher's for Meat and one day a Butcher offering to sell Meat above the Rate which he had set he made a sign to the Executioner who presently cut off his Head Idem He beheaded two in one day for Smoaking Tobacco I saw a Man who sold Snow at five Deniers the Pound receive Blows on the Soles of his Feet because his Weight was not exactly full Another having sold a Child a double worth of Onions and the Officers of the Market meeting this Child and finding that he had not enough went to that Man and gave him thirty blows with a Cudgel Idem The Chinese punish Murder and Theft with Death Sir Tho. Herb. Their Justice is Severe their Prisons strong and Executions quick Persians It was ordinary with Scha-Abbas King of Persia to go incognito into the Markets and examine their Weights and Wares and punish the Guilty severely One day at Ardebil he caused to be put into a red-hot Oven a Baker who refused to sell Bread to the Poor under Pretence of keeping it for Abbas and his Soldiers He caused a Butcher to be hung by the Back upon his own Hooks for that he found his Weights too light D. of Holstein 's Amb. Japon The Japonese punish all manner of Theft with Death Tavernier's Collect. p. 4. Love to the Brethren Jews THE Jews have such a care of one another that they never suffer any of their Communion to want long but make Collections in their Synagogues for such as are in any Poverty or Distress and this with as much care for their Reputation and Credit as may be Christians See how these Christians love one another the Proverbial Remark of the Heathens Tertull. Ap. c. 39. Fraternity was a word much used by Christians in those times Heathens accused Christians for having privy marks on their Bodies whereby they fell in love with each other at first sight Min. Fel. They never met but they embraced and saluted mutually with a Holy Kiss not only in their own Houses but at their Religious Assemblies It was common with the Primitive Christians to send the Eucharist from one Church to another though differing in some little Circumstances also from House to House and from Country to Country which pieces of the Eucharist they kept in some decent place of the House against all Emergent Occasions to fortifie their Faith and increase their Kindness yea and as some think to entertain their Friends with before every Meal c. But by the Laodic Synod this was abolished Can. 14. and the Eulogie pieces of Bread which remained of the Peoples Offerings solemnly blessed by the Bishop appointed in their room to be sent to Catechumens and up and down to Towns Sozomen saith that Epiphanius Bishop of Salamine having spent his own Estate first in pious and charitable Uses he afterwards dispensed the Goods of the Church so freely till the Guardian charged him with Lavishness yet he remitted nothing of his accustomed Bounty At last all being spent a Stranger on a sudden comes into the Steward's Lodging and delivers into his Hand a great Purse of Gold without discovering who sent it or who it was that brought it H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 27. Palladius tells of Macarius a Presbyter and Governour of the Hospital at Alexandria that he coming to a rich Virgin in the City but Covetous and Uncharitable told her that a parcel of Jewels Emeralds and Jacinths of inestimable value were lodged at his House but which the Owner was willing to part with for 500 pieces of Money and adviseth her to buy them she gives him the Money intreated him to buy them for her Afterward she coming to see them he takes her into the Hospital shews her first the Jacinths the Lame Blind and Cripple-women in one Room then the Emeralds the Men in another Room The Woman blush'd and was troubled to think that she should be
haled to that which she ought to have done freely for the Love of God Hist Laus c. 6. Fabiola a Room Lady sold her Estate dedicated the Money to the uses of the Poor built an Hospital and was the first that did so she carried the Diseased in her Arms on her Shoulders wash'd and dress'd their filthy Sores and prepared them Food and Physick Hieron Epitaph Fabiole ad Ocean Placilla Empress Wife to Theodosius Jun. used to visit the Sick in the Hospitals give them Food and Physick taste their Broths attend at their Beds wash their Cups c. Theod. H. Eccl. l. 5. c. 18. Deogratias an old Bishop of Carthage sold all the Plate of the Church for Ransom of Captive Christians lodged them in two large Churches visited them continually day and night with Physicians attending on him Vict. Vtic. de pars Vandal l. 1. In a terrible Plague at Alexandria the Christians boldly ventured to visit daily instruct and comfort the Sick Brethren till themselves expired and died with them Euseb H. Eccl. l. 7. c. 22. Purabolani were Officers to attend the Sick in Alexandria a kind of Clergy-Physicians Mahometans The Mogul doth continually relieve many poor People Solyman the Second built the Morestan a lovely Hospital for Pilgrims of all Religions at Damascus M. de Thev At a fair Mosque in Golconda about four in the Afternoon is a Dole of Bread and Pilau to all the Poor that come Tavernier's Trav. Ind. p. 64. Mutewacelus a Turkish Chalif had a Counsellor so unmindful of Humane Frailty that he was wont to say Mercy was a Weakness in Nature and Liberality Folly Hottinger ex Elmac. The Chinese sometimes will lend Money to be repaid them in the other World Sir Th. Herb. Indians A Bramin coming to Patua assembled all his Tribe together demanded of them 2000 Roupies and 27 Ells of Calicut they excused themselves because of their Poverty whereupon he vowed neither to Eat nor Drink till they had brought it With this resolve he climbs a Tree sits in the Fork between the Boughs for several days The noise of this coming to the Ears of the Hollanders where we were we set Sentinels to watch whether it were true or no which he did for 30 day together on the 31st the Idolaters fearing to kill one of their Priests clubb'd together and brought him the Roupies and Calicut so soon as the Bramin saw the Money and Cloth he came down upbraided those of his Tribe for want of Charity distributed all the Roupies among the Poor reserving only five or six for himself the Cloth he cut into little pieces and gave away keeping only to himself enough to cover his own Nakedness After which he disappeared of a sudden and no body knew what became of him though diligent Search was made after him Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. Friendly Pairs Jewish David and Jonathan Christian St. Peter and St. Mark St. Paul and Timothy Gregory Nazianzen and Basil Cranmer and Cromwel Heathen Hercules and Telamon Pylades and Orestes Theseus and Perithous Love to Enemies Jews THE Jews at the Feast of Tabernacles profoundly curse the Christians desiring That God would smite them as he did the First-born of Egypt And though this direful Prayer be not found in the Liturgy Printed at Venice yet I am sure 't is in the Machsor of the Cracovian Impression Dr. Addison Purchas tells us out of Munster That 't is one of their Negative Precepts If any of the Seven Canaanitish Nations shall come into the hands of a Jew he ought to slay him Purchas Sooner than they would endure that the Gentiles whom they curse and revile in their daily Prayers should have any part with them in their Messiah and be counted Co-heirs thereof they would Crucifie 10 Messiahs yea if it were possible would put GOD himself to death with all the Angels and Creatures else though they should therefore undergo a thousand Hells Luth. in Mi. 4.1 2. Christians Athenagoras principally useth this Argument to prove the Divinity of the Christian Religion viz. Loving Enemies Leg. pro Christian Nazianzen then Bishop of Constantinople lying Sick a young Man came to his Bed's feet with Tears begging his Pardon confessing That he was the Person Suborn'd to Murder him The Bishop prayed for him wishing no other Satisfaction but that he would forsake is Heretical Party and turn Christian Vit. ejus per Greg. Presb. Paul the Martyr going to Execution prayed for Christians Jews Samaritans the very Judges that condemn'd him and the Executioner that was ready to cut off his Head Eusch S. Mamas the Martyr treated the Souldiers sent to take him with the best Supper her had Dr. Cave Pachomius a Heathen Souldier in the first times of Constantine turn'd Christian upon observation of the Christian's Liberality to the Army when almost Famished and became an Anchoret Idem In a Famine and grievous Plague under Maximinus in the East the Christians were famed for their care for the Poor and Sick and dead Bodies Mahometans It is not lawful for the Mahometans to convert any Lands to Sacred uses except they have first with their own Sword won it from the Enemies of their Religion and therefore Selym the Second intending to build a magnificent Temple College Monastery and Alms-house at Adrianople brake his League with the Venetians and wan Cyprus from them that he might endow the same with maintenance Purchas Papists The Papists every Year curse and damn all Heretical Princes and People in their Solemn Service they exempt likewise Children from Obedience to their Parents and Subjects from Allegiance to their Soveraigns upon that score Mahometans Heathens At Surat the Ambassador's Servant his Cook being one day drunk in his way met the Governour of Surat's Brother as he was riding to his House the Cook made a stand made at him with his Sword calling him Now thou Heathen Dog He replied civilly in his own Language Ca-ca-ta i. e. What sayst thou The Cook answer'd with his Sword was seis'd disarm'd imprisoned upon the Ambassador's hearing of it he sent to the Governour 's Brother to signifie That he came not thither to countenance any disorderly Person and therefore desired him to do with him what he pleased Upon which he presently sent him home without doing him the least hurt but who was the Heathen Dog at this time Care of the Souls of others Jews I Question not but the Jews have a zeal for their Brethren which they shew most of all when any of them are in danger of being brought over to Christianity or any other Religious Communion Christians We Christians pray to GOD night and day not only for our selves but for all Men and for the safety of the Emperors themselves Cypr. pass vit ejus annex Justin M. tells the Jews that they prayed for them Dial. cum Tryph. They prayed for the Gnosticks Iren. Pamphilus the Martyr used freely and readily to bestow Bibles dearer in those days than since Printing was
Invented on those that were willing to read them Hieron adv Ruff. Chrysostom maintained many Presbyters and Monks in Phoenicia at his own charge to instruct the Heathens and procured a Law from Arcadius Emp. for pulling down the Pagan Temples and when many of them were wounded and slain for their pains he encourages them to go on and promiseth though himself then in Banishment and his Incomes poor that their former Pensions should be paid them Theod. Hist Eccl. What care S. John took for the Soul of a young Man entrusted with a Bishop and afterward turned High-way-man vid. alibi What care and pains Monica took for the Conversion of her Husband Patricius vid. Aug. Conf. l. 9. c. 9. as also for her Son Augustine vid. ibid. c. 10. Serapion called Sindonites because he never wore but one poor Linnen Garment sold himself to a Gentile Player that served the Theatre with whom he lived and underwent the meanest offices 'till he had converted him his Wife and whole Family to Christianity who upon their Baptism restored him to Liberty whereupon he freely returned them back the Money which he had received as the price of his Servitude which by mutual consent was given to the Poor Coming afterwarks to Lacedaemon he sold himself to a principal Man of that City that was a Manichee but otherwise a good man and served him two Years as his Slave 'till he had brought that whole Family off from that pernicious Heresie and for his kindness was afterward respected as a Brother or Father Pallad Hist Laus c. 83. in Vit. Serap Origen tells Celsus That some of the Christians had peculiarly undertaken to go up and down to Towns and Villages c. to convert others often wanting convenient Accomodations for their pains Orig. contr Celss The Lady Bowes afterward Lady Darcy in the North gave about one Thousand Pounds per Annum to maintain Preachers where there were nor any means for them such as Mr. Baines Mr. Dyke c. Clark's Lives Love to the Souls of others Armenians THE Revenue of the Armenian Patriarch is 600000 Crowns or thereabouts for all the Armenian-Christians that are above fifteen Years of Age ought to pay him yearly five Sous and though many pay him not by reason of their Poverty yet the Rich supply that defect who sometimes pay him two or three Crowns a head But this Money doth not stay in the Patriarch's Pocket Nay he is sometimes behind hand for he is engaged to relieve the poor Armenians who have not wherewithal to pay the Carage the Annual Tribute imposed by the Mahometan Prince otherwise necessity would force them to become Mahometans and they their Wives and Children would be sold which the Grand Patriarch labours all he can no prevent M. Tavern l. 1. c. 3. Protestants Fox thus reports of Bishop Hooper Twice I was at his Palace at Worcester where in his Common-Hall I saw a Table spread with good store of Meat and beset full of Beggars and poor Folk and I asking his Servants what it meant they told me That every day their Lord and Master's manner was to have customably to Dinner a certain number of poor Folk of the said City by course who were served by four at a Mess with whole and wholesom Meats and when they were served being before examined by him or his Deputies of the Lord's Prayer Ten Commandments and the Articles of their Faith then he himself sat down to Dinner and not before Fox Mar. Chinese In Quinsay in a walled Park belonging to a Monastery the Monks fed 4000 living Creatures of divers kinds out of their Charity to the Souls of Noble Men which they believed were entered into the Bodies of these Creatures Rosse Care of their Bodies Jews THe Jews have no Beggars such as go from house to house tho in Barbary many indigent persons With great insulting they upbraid the Moor and Christian with their Common Beggars Their way of Releiving the poor is 1. By Copies of the Law bought and laid up in the Synagogue till the buyer's family or any of them be in poverty and then sold for their use 2. By Legacies of dying persons For none dye safely say they who bequeath not something to the Corban 3. Contributions out of which they raise portions and provide for Orphans And to avoid Sophistication the poorer females are provided for by lot those on whom the lot falls are first placed in marriage 4. Private Alms on Fridays and Holy-days 5. By Kibbus or letters of Collection from Synagogue to Synagogue Dr. Addison Christians Cyprian gave especially to the Presbyters and Deacons of his Church to provide for the poor Ep. 5. Dionysius Bishop of Corinth testifies of the Church of Rome that they administred very liberally to the necessities of other Churches as well as their own Euseb Hist. Eccl. l. 4. c. 23. Chrysostom tells of the Church of Antioch tho the Revenues of it were small in his time yet besides its Clergy besides strangers Lepers and Prisoners it daily maintained above 3000 Widows and Maids Hom. 67. in Matt. Cyprian upon his turning Christian sold his Estate to relieve the wants of others and could not be Restrained from it by perswasions or considerations After his entrance on the Ministery his doors were open to all comers from whom no Widow ever returned empty to the Blind he would be a Guide to direct them a support to the Lame a defence to the oppressed Vit. ejus Paul Diac. Caesarius S. Basil's Brother made this short Will I Will that all my Estate be given to the poor Basil ad Sophron. Ep. 84. Nazianzen saith His Father gave not only the Surplusage of his Estate to the Poor but even part of what he reserved for necessary uses Of his Mother That an Ocean of Wealth would not have filled her unsatisfyed desire of doing good That he often heard her say if lawful she could willingly have Sold her self and Children to expend the Price on the Poor Of his Sister Gorgonia That she was immensely Liberal her gate open to every stranger her Estate common to the Poor and as much at their need as every one's is to himself Orat. 19. Abassines Amongst the Abassines Homicides are deliver'd up to the next of Kin to the Party Murder'd at whose free will it is to Pardon the Malefactors sell them to foreign Merchants or put them to what death they please If the Homicide escape unknown all the Neighbourhood are obliged to pay a Fine Job Imdolph a custom still used in Persia Ancient Heathens Every one of us is encompassed round with many circles some less some greater c. In the first are those things which belong to our own Body the second comprehends our Parents Wives and Children the third Uncles Aunts Grandfathers and Grandmothers Nephews c. The fourth the rest of our Relations then those of our own Tribe and Society next our Neighbourhood and Nation the last and greatest is that
night or can give no Account of their Living Here they are bound to make Lace Sew or Employ their time perpetually in some honest Labour Those of the better sort are permitted to have Chambers apart in one large Room I saw about 100 of them and some very well dressed and fine which was an unexpected sight to me and would sure be more strange in France or England The Weeshuis or Hospital for Children where there are 600 Orphans carefully looked after and well Educated The Dolhuis is for such as are delirous Mad or Melancholick The Gasthuis for the Sick is large and hath a great Revenue The Mannenhuis for Old Men and such as are no longer able to labour towards their own Support Besides all these there are great Sums of Mony Collected for the Poor so that there is not a Beggar to be seen in the Streets And upon all appointments of meeting at the Tavern of elsewhere and upon many other occasions whosoever fails to come at the exact time forfeits more or less to the use of the poor Dr. Brown's Travels Vnity and Peaceableness Jews THe Jews as to their Principles ever came short of the Christians in this respect 't is true they were obliged to Love one another But that Precept was not backt and enforced with such advantagious Arguments to them as to us Nevertheless their Divisions and Quarrels among themselves have not been very Notorious above other People And in case of strife between Neighbours it is their custom between their Vespers and Nocturns whilst they stay in the Synagogue to endeavour a Reconciliation and he that cannot prevail with his Neighbour to be Reconciled goeth to the Common-prayer-book and shutting it knocks upon it with his Hand saying Ani Kelao I conclude the business i. e. I leave off Praying til my Adversary be reconciled which accordingly is done Purchas Christians The Christian Religion reconciled Jews and Gentiles When Novatus or Novatian had made a disturbance in the Church of Rome concerning receiving the Lapsed into Communion Dionysius Bishop of Alexandria writing to him tells him 't is better to suffer any thing than that the Church of God should be rent into pieces Euseb Hist Eccl. l. 6. c. 45. Cyprian saith He that Rents the Unity of the Church destroys the Faith Disturbs the Peace Dissolves Charity and Profanes the Holy Sacrament De Vnit Eccl. How passionately Sollicitous Constantine the Great was for composing the Arrian Heresie Vid. vit cjus l. 2. c. 64. Theod. H. Eccl. l. 1. c. 11. When perverse and unquiet Persons raised Debates and Contests about the See of Constantinople Gregory Nazianzen then Bishop of the place stood up in the midst of the Assembly told the Bishops how unfit it was that they who were Preachers of Peace to others should fall our among themselves He begg'd of them by the Sacred Trinity to manage their Affairs calmly and peaceably and if I saith he be the Fonds that raises the storm throw me into the Sea and let these storms and tempests cease I am willing to undergo whatever you have a mind to and tho innocent and unblamable yet for your peace and quiet am content to be banish'd the Throne and to be cast out of the City Only according to the Prophet's Counsel be careful to love Truth and Peace and therewith freely resign'd his Bishoprick tho legally settled in it Vit. Greg. Naz. per. Greg. Presb. S. Chrysostom Bishop of Constantinople after Greg. Naz. having refuted those petty Cavits which his Adversaries had made against him adds But if you suspect these things of me we are ready to deliver up our place and power to whomsoever you will only let the Church be preserved in Peace and Unity Hom. 11. in Ep. ad Eph. Who is there among you saith Clemens in his Epistle to the Corinthians of that generous temper that compassionate and charitable disposition Let him say If these Schisms and Contentions this Sedition hath arisen through my means or upon my account I will depart and be gone whither soever you please only let Christ's Sheepfold together with the Elders placed over it be kept in peace Irenaus to Pope Victor about Easter tells him that Bishops in former times tho differing in the Observation of it yet always maintained an entire Concord and Communion one with another Euseb When Polycarp came to Rome from the Churches of the East to treat with Pope Anicetus about Easter and other Affairs tho they could nor satisfy-each other about the Controversy yet kissed and Embraced each other with mutual Endearments and Received the Holy Communion together And Anicetus gave Polycarp leave to Celebrate the Eucharist in his Church Vid. Innocent dict Ephr. Syr. Muscovites The Muscovites sottishly and insolently command Ambassadors to be uncovered first and by force take all advantages over them and are uncivil to strangers and not complaisant amongst themselves At Nice-novogrod the Chancellor's Steward coming to see us the Ambassadors invited him to Dinner but when they were to sit down the Pristaff would take place of him Whore's Son and Dog were the mildest of their Terms for half an hour and better At last by intreaty of the Embassadors were reconciled D. of Holstein's Emb. Trav. They are much given to Quarrelling and Railing one at another but seldom Fight unless with Fists and Switches And tho they forbear Cursing Swearing and Blaspheming yet their railing expressions even of Parents and Children mutually is such as cannot be expressed without horrour Idem In Persia At Ispahan Aug. 28. 1637. The Augustine Friers came to entreat the Embassadors to honour them with their presence next day at the Celebration of the Feast of S. Augustine their Patron the same favour they desired of the Muscovian Poslanick Alexci Savinouits as also of an Armenian Bishop and the English Merchants who tho of a different Religion and that in Europe they would have made some difficulty of it Yet live like Brethren and true Christians among their common Enemies D. of Holstein's Emb. Travels p. 204. Modern Heathens The Bannyans are no Swaggerers no Roysters they abhor Domineering and Fighting yea suffer themselves to be fleeced by any Man rather than resist or shed Blood by breach of Peace or making the least Opposition They love no Tumult no Innovation are content to submit rather than govern and wish all were of their Mind that is to say morally Honest Courteous in Behaviour Temperate in Passion Decent in Apparel Abstemious in Diet Industrious in their Callings Charitable to the Needy Humble Merciful and so Innocent as not to take away the Life of the silliest Vermin and no marvel for so they might dislodge their Friends of a peaceful Mansion for they verily credit the Passage of Souls into Beasts Sir Tho. Herb. Trav. into Persia Obedience to Civil Governours Jews THE Jews of late Ages have been found Flexible to any Civil Government though in former times not so For beside the Insurrections made in
me leave to say That I am only yours I know I have deserved death and should think my self happy to receive it at your hands but it troubles me to be affronted by this Knez c. For which he had a Present of 1000 Crowns and the Knez a good Cudgelling D. of H. Am. Trav. Heathens In the Island Fermosa there is so great an Equality of Condition that they are yet ignorant of the Names of Master and Servant yet they render great Honour one to another and express a great respect and submission to one another not upon the score of a more eminent Dignity or Wealth but Age which is so Considered that a young Man is obliged to go aside to make way for an Old Man and turn his back to him till he be passed Mandelslo's Trav. Good Servants Jews TO pass over here in silence the Example of Abraham's Servant spoken of before Joseph is the next most remarkable instance in Scripture Faithful both to God and his Master even in a case where his Mistress was the Rival and his own Flesh doubtless no Friend or Assistant The Story of Daniel and the three Children is well known who at the same time served God and their Masters with an Obstinate Integrity and stoutly resisted and safely evaded the Attacks and Attempts of their and fraudulent Adversaries Antient Christians S. Augustine tells us of an old Servant-maid that had carried his Grandfather upon her back when he was a Child and therefore for her Age and excellent behaviour was afterwards much respected by her Master and Mistress who thereupon committed to her charge the care of their Daughters She was saith S. Augustine Religiously severe and soberly prudent in teaching and restraining them For she would not allow them to drink so much as water except at Meals tho never so thirsty fearing an ill Custom and adding a wholesome word You now drink water because you have not Wine in your Power but when you come to have Husbands and be Mistresses of Cellars and Boutiques you will scorn Water but still have the custom of Drinking By this means she so restrained their tender Appetites that they did not so much as desire any thing that was not decent but notwithstanding Monica S. Augustine's Mother being employed sometimes to fetch Wine by her Parents out of wantonness used to sip a little out of the Flagon till at last she could drink almost a full Cup without breathing the old Maid came and caught her and with bitter insulting upbraided her calling her a Wine-bibber which so pricked and provoked her that presently she saw the illness of the Act condemned the custom and left it off Confess l. 9. c. 8. Hindoes Heathens They serve for 5 sh a Month which is paid usually the next day after the change before-hand They stand usually to be hired in the Market-place If their Salary be not paid exactly at the time they will be gone but if bidden to provide themselves of other Masters they will not stir but serve out their time to an hour They keep within call of their Masters and will not stir without leave Japan In Japan the Departure of great Lords is commonly attended by the Voluntary Execution of 20 or 30 Vassals or Salves who rip up their Bellies and dye with their Masters this they are obliged to by Oath and it is done partly by way of acknowledgment of the particular kindness which their Lords had for them having acquainted their Lord that they are willing to be obliged to Sacrifice themselves in that manner when accasion shall require they entertain him with a short discourse to this purpose Most mighty Sir you have many other Slaves and Servants of whose Affection and Fidelity you are assured who am I Or what have I deserved That you should honour me with your favour above any of the rest I resign up this Life to you which is already yours and promise you I will keep it no longer than it shall be serviceable to yours Then with a Bowl of Wine which is the most Religious Ceremony they have among them they Confirm their Oaths which thereby become Inviolable Mandelslo p. 142. But it is for the most part Slaves weary of Life that offer themselves so freely to Death Good Ministers and Pastors Jews IT Cannot be reasonably expected that I should have much to say upon this point save what we meet with in Sacred Scripture which I refer my Readers to Nothing material hath occurred to me in my reading concerning their Modern Doctors Christians Here is so spacious a Field to walk in that the plenty of matter rather makes a confusion in my thoughts than conduceth to order and method The Fathers of the Church the many Ecclesiastical Doctors of the East and West of the Lutheran and Zuinglian Denomination of the Dutch French and especially English Church so famed for Learning Courage Devotion Writings Labours Sufferings c. Are so obvious to every Reader that I shall rather chuse to say little or nothing or next door to nothing than begin so long a Catalogue and not go thorow with it to some degree of Perfection which to do would require a pretty large Volume only a little for Orders sake take these two or three short touches which I believe will be so far from satisfying a Reader of an eager appetite that I shall both begin and end displeased my self In the Church of Milan S. Augustine saith he heard Ambrose every Lord's-day Preach Bishop Ridley Preached every Holy-day and Sunday Bishop Latimer twice a Week S. Austin would never purchase Houses nor Lands nor any other Possessions for his Church And they who knew his mind sold their Lands and gave Austin the Money Being perswaded that the good Bishop would bestow it on Pious uses and not in making new Purchaces for enriching of his Church Be often refused the Inheritances offered to his Church thinking it fitter they should go to their Lawful Heirs F. Simon ox Possid in vit Aug. S. Austin admitted no Clerk into his Church till first he had disposed of all his Goods either in favour of the Poor or by Sale He was for having all Clerks really Poor in imitation of the Apostles and for living altogether in common on the Revenues of the Church F. Simon in his Hist of Eccl. Reven Luther when his Friends disswaded him from going to Wormes at a Disputation then held between the Papists and Protestants lest they should burn him as they had John Husse he said if I knew there were so many Devils in Wormes as tiles on the Houses did I hear it were like to go ill on our side in the Name of our Lord Jesus Christ I would go thither Calvin at the 28th year of his Age wrote his Institutions at his Death his Inventory amounted not to more than 60 pound taking into the Account his Library Miles Coverdale Bishop of Excester Preach'd every Sunday and Holy-day and most commonly
read twice in the week a Divinity Lecture Was hospitable sober humble suffered none to abide in his House who could not give account of his Faith and lived not accordingly Clark In Q. Mary's Days he was by K. Christian of Denmark's means dismissed out of Prison went into Germany Preached at Burghsaber upon the Queen's Death return'd but tho much sued to would not accept of his Bishoprick again but continued in London Preaching the Gospel as a private Minister whilst strength would permit and Died Anno. aetat 88. Mr. R. Greenham Preached twice on the Lord's Days and Catechised Preached on Monday Tuesday and Wednesday on Thursday he Catechized on Friday he Preached on the week-days in the Morning as soon as he could well see drenching his Shift with Sweating twice a day he Prayed in his Family after Sermon he took account of his Servants rising at 4. a Clock Winter and Summer to his Studies Disliked Martin-mar-Prelate a Book as tending to make Sin Ridiculous not Odious laid the charge of the Schism between Conformists and Nonconformists on either or neither side c. died at 60. Clark That Saint of ours so called by Jos Hall Bishop of Norwich Tunquin The Bonzes in Tunquin Beg for their Living and are not like the Bonzes in other Kingdoms who beg Alms as it were their due These on the contrary use all the modesty and humility that may be never taking more than is needful for them And if they have any thing to spare they give it to the Poor Widows and Orphans that cannot get their Living Tavernier's Collect. Zurich The Clergy of Zurich if they subsist plentifully they labour hard for they have generally two or three Sermons a day and at least one the first begins at 5 a Clock in the morning At Geneva and all Switzerland over there are daily Sermons which were Substituted upon the Reformation from the Mass but the Sermons are generally too long c. Dr. Burnet's Letters Pegu. The Talapoi in Pegu give the People a Sermon when they come to Church and by their exemplary Lives preserve to themselves a good reputation Paquet broke open vol. 2. They Condemn and Preach against the Offerings the Commonalty make to the Devil they go barefoot live in Woods and Desarts eat but once a day they meddle not with Points of Doctrine but insist on points of Morality and good Works the Piety of their Lives gives them great Honours after their Deaths Ibid. Siam The Clergy of Siam are regular and exemplary in their Lives they Preach to the People on Festivals 't is burning alive to have to do with Women in every Temple there is a Convent of Priests to say daily Prayers morning and evening Ibid. Cambodia It is thought here a horrid Sacriledge for the Clergy to intermeddle with temporal Affairs Ibid. Mexico The Priests exercise daily 4 times at midnight morn noon and Sun-set lashing themselves with knotted Cords drawing Blood upon themselves with knotted Cords drawing Blood upon themselves with Bodkins Preaching to the People at some Feasts Purchas Good Parishoners or People to their Priests Jews I Have already in the former Part signified the Allowances made to the Priest and Levite under the Law by Divine Ordinance and have not much more to add here save that first of all the People were generally very Just in paying their Tithes and some of them proceeded so far as to make a Decimation of their least things their Mint and Cummin lest they should not reach the Exactness of the Law Secondly That when they made any Address to the Prophets they commonly brought their Presents along with them as Saul to Samuel 1 Sam. 9.7 and Naaman to Elisha 2 Kings 5.5 Christians Alsted as I remember cites the Ancient Chronicles for it when he tells us That about the same time that Constantine the Great ordered Tithes to be paid to the Clergy a Voice was heard as it were from Heaven Nunc venenum infusum est Ecclesiae which I relate not as if I were of that Opinion that Tithes are not due but I fear the Payment in kind hath ill Effects The Clergy were so well maintained in the Primitive Times by the frequent Contributions of the People that Ammianus Marcell saith they lived like Pritices Ammian Marcell l. 27. St. Chrysostom was forced to make a whole Sermon 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 c. i. e. against them that envied the Clergy Dr. Cave Also He describes at length the sad State of Bishops and other Church-men since the Church enjoy'd fix'd Revenues because they forsook their Employments to sell their Corn and Wine and to look after their Glebes and Farms besides much of their time was spent in Law-suits He wishes that he might see the Church in the State that it was in in the Times of the Apostles when it enjoy'd only the Charity and Oblation of Believers F. Simon Hist of Eccl. Rev. out of Chrys Hom. 86. in Mat. St. Augustin was of the same Mind Ibid. In the Universities of Bern and Lausanne are maintained Professors the one for the German Territory which is the Ancient Canton and the other for the New Conquest which is the French in the former are about 300 Parishes in the latter about 150. But in the Benefices on the German side the ancient Rights are preserved so that some Benefices are worth 1000 Crowns whereas in the Pais de Vaud the Provisions are set off as Sallaries and are generally from 100 to 200 Crowns Dr. Burnet's Letters Heathens In Siam the Estaites of Persons of Quality are ordinarily divided into three parts one to the King one to the Ecclesiasticks they defraying the Charges of the Funerals and the third to the Children Mandelslo's Trav p. 104. In Pegu their Preachers are still Preaching and Begging their Alms are brought to them in the Pulpits whilst they are Preaching Rosse The People drink the Water wherein the Preachers wash themselves accounting it Holy Rosse In Mexico the Revenues of the Priests were great Rosse The Southern Americans have their Priests in great Esteem making use of them as their Physicians and therefore they are very Rich for they have all the Goods of him whom they cure Idem In Siam the Bonzes or Priests are highly reverenced as well at Court as among the People The King himself hath such a Value for some of them as to humble himself before them Tavernier Part 2. l. 3. c. 18. Some of them live by Alms others have Houses with good Revenues Protestants At Zurich the Dean and Chapter are still continued as a Corporation and enjoy the Revenues which they had before the Reformation Dr. Burnet 's Letters The Bishop of Coire hath yet reserved a Revenue of about 1000 l. Sterling a year Ibid. 50 or 60 l. is the common Sallary of a Geneva Minister Papists One that knew the State of this Kingdom well assured me that if it viz. Naples were divided into five parts upon a strict Survey it
Mexico drink no Wine and sleep little because most of their Exercises are in the night Purchas Chastity Jews FOrnication Adultery Drunkenness Gluttony Pride of Apparel c. are so far from being in request amongst the Jews in Barbary that they are scandaliz'd at the frequent Practice of these Sins in Christians Dr. Addison Christians The Chastity of the Primitive Christians appeared in these particulars 1. They would not Marry Justin Martyr saith There were many Christians in his time who for Sixty or Seventy years kept themselves uncorrupt 'T is very easie to find many amongst us both Men and Women who remain unmarried even in old Age. Athenag leg pro Christian Yet this without the Obligation of an Oath of perpetual Virginity 2. When they did Marry it is for no other end but the bringing forth and bringing up of Children As Husbandmen Till the Ground with respect to the Crop at Harvest Just Mart. 3. They seldom married twice Chrysostom's Mother at forty years old had lived twenty years a Widow Tertullian Cyprian Hierom Athenagoras c. did inveigh bitterly against second Marriages as little better than Adultery The ancient Canons as Zonaras tells in Can. 7. Conc. Neocesar suspended such as married twice from the Communion a whole year The Council of Laodicea requires That they should spend at least some small time in Penance in Fasting and Prayer before they be received to the Communion The Canons of the Apostles appoint That whoever after Baptism engaged in second Marriages is rendred uncapable of any Degree in the Ministry Can. 17. Note Digamy is 1. Two Wives at once Note Digamy is 2. One after the Death of another Note Digamy is 3. One after Divorce Of this some understand the Canons Note Digamy is 4. They shunned all Occasions c. 1. Going to Feasts c. Cyprian severaly chides with some Virgins for being present at Weddings where they laughed freely could not but hear loose Discourses see uncomly Carriages feed upon Luxurious Dishes all which must needs not only kindle but add Fewel to the Fire De Discipl had Virg. Constantine made a Law That Matrons should not be forced on the account of Debt to appear at publick Tribunals Cod. Theod. l. 1. Tit. 10. l. 1. St. Hierom doth as much commend some whom he knew who always kept at home on Festival-days to avoid the Crowd and Gazes of the People De Virg. The Council of Laodicea forbids all Christian Men using the same common Baths with Women Can. 30. Photius saith Justinian the Emperor made it a sufficient cause of Divorce and loss of Dowry for a Woman to Feast or Bathe in the Company of Men without her Husband's leave Cyprian would not have Ecclesiastick Persons and professed Virgins sleep near one another nor dwell together in the same House He commends Pomponius for suspending the Deacon and others for such Familiarity and ordered That they should not be absolved till after a sufficient Repentance c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 were Women brought in as Domestick Assistants to Ecclesiastick Persons especially such as were sent up and down to preach the Gospel Neither Wife nor Concubine but Attenders The Council of Antioch A. 272. under Aurelian Emperor condemns Paulus Samosatenus with his Presbyters and Deacons for keeping these introduced Women with horrible Inconveniencies Suspicion and Scandal St. Basil writes to a Presbyter seventy years old to abstain from the Company of a Woman he used to dwell with to avoid Scandal The Council of Nice forbids the same and universally the whole Clergy to have any Woman near them unless Mother Sister Aunt or such of whom there could be no Suspicion Can. 3. Honorius Emperor prohibits by a Law any Clergy-man whatsoever to keep company with these Extraneae strange Women limiting their Converse and Cohabitation within the very same Relations as the Nicene Canon Cod. Theod. l. 16. Bishops were to be deposed that entertain or cohabit with any Woman whatsoever Relation or Stranger Synops Basil l. tit 1. c. 41. St. Augustine would not cohabit with his own Sister Textor Domestick Marriage not openly made in the face of the Church were accounted no better than a State of Adultery and Fornication Tertull. de pudic c. 4. Their Ears they stopt against all loose and idle Songs filthy and obscene Discourses their Eyes they shut against all uncomely Objects wanton Pictures Clem. Al. Gorgonia when she lay under an acute and most dangerous Distemper yet resused to have any Physician come near her as blushing that any Man should see or touch her Nazianz. 2. Dancing and Musick The Fathers generally inveighed very bitterly against them None may Dance but the Daughter of an Adulteress but she who is Chast let her learn her Daughters Prayers not Dances Ambros What Modesty can there be where the Dancers shrick and make a noise together Idem Where the Timbrels sound the Pipes make a noise the Harp chatters the Cymbals strike together what fear of God can there be Hierom. in libr. contr Helvid Where wanton Dancing is there the Devil is certainly present for God hath not given us our Legs to dance but that we should walk modestly not skip like Camels but if the Body be polluted by dancing impudently how much more may the Soul be thought to be defiled The Devil danceth in these Dances Chrysost Hom. 49. in Mat. Men and Women together entering into common Dances having delivered their Souls to the drunken Devil wound one another with the pricks of unchast Affections Profuse Laughter is practis'd and filthy Songs meretricious habits inviting unto Petulancy are there used Laughest thou and delightest thou thy self with an arrogant Delight when as thou oughtest to pour out Tears and Sighs for what is past Singest thou whorish Songs casting away the Psalms and Hymns thou hast learned Dost thou stir thy Feet and caper furiously and dance unhappily when as thou oughtest to bend thy Knees to Prayer Basil in Orat. contr Ebr. Tzegedin cites several other Testimonies of S. Augustine c. and Councils and Canons against it De Choreis 5. They rather chose to suffer Torments and Death than the violation of their Chastity Domnina and her two Daughters Bernice and Prosdoce whom Chrysostom commends who being eminent for Beauty and Vertue were sought for as a Prey to Lust under the Diocle sian Persecution desired of the Souldiers leave to step out of the Road for some private occasion which granted they went and threw themselves into a River Chrysost Hom. 51. de S. Dom. Bern. c. Prosd Eusebius tells of the Wife of the Praefect or Governour of Rome a Christian sent for by Maxentius who was passionately enflamed with the love of her the Officers broke into the House to the terrour of her Husband She begged only so much time as that she might a little dress and adorn her self so she retired into the Chamber caught up a Sword and by a fatal stroke left nothing for
the New-Testament I first met with St. John's First Chapter In the beginning was the word c. I read part of it and was presently convinced that the Divinity and Authority of the Author did excel all humane Writings my Body trembled my Mind was astonished and I was so affected all that day that I knew not what I was Thou wast mindful of me O my God according to the multitude of thy Mercies and calledst home thy lost Sheep into thy Fold and from that day he wholly beat himself to pious Practices Anonym Bishop Vergerius was converted by occasion of seeing Fr. Spira in his misery or as some say by reading a Protestant Book with an intention to confute it S. Augustine gives us the Story at large of his own Conversion in his Book of Confessions and imputes it partly to the reading of Cicero's Hortensius to the Prayers of his Mother Monica and her continal Admonitions the Preaching of S. Ambrose but especially to the Discourse of Pontilian and his relation of the Life of S. Anthony which so stirr'd up his Passions that immediately he burst out into Tears retired into the Garden open'd his Testament at the direction of an Angel as he thought crying Take up and read and hit presently upon that Text Rom. 13.12 13 14. Aug. Conf. l. 8. c. 7 8. Justin Martyr was converted by seeing of the Martyrs Maronites Sometimes before was arrived there at Suratte a Merchant of Aleppo who had run himself out at heels and of a Maronite Christian was become a Roman Catholick in hopes to patch up his fortune being in truth a meer Counterfeit and Hypocrite for these Levantine Christians seldom change their Religion but upon some Motive of Interest and when they have got a good Sum together they presently whip back again into their own Country and for a small piece of Money obtain Absolution of their Patriarch among many others I will only mention one Franciscan called Paulus Stella coming with 400 Crowns or thereabouts in his Pocket for his Subsistance a Maronite smelt him out and under the pretence of giving him the honour of his Conversion to the Catholick Religion never left him till he had suckt him dry and turn'd the Chanel of his Money This Maronite Merchant whose Name was Chelebi shewed himself very zealous for the Capuchins and he had reason enough for the Capuchins of Aleppo had been very serviceable to him and had helped him in his Affairs when they were at the lowest ebb They were overjoyed at his Arrival at Suratte and gave out immediately that it was he that had given them Money for the building their House and Church but when I came to look over my Accompts I found that the Money that had paid for the Ground and a good share of the building came out of my Purse Father Ambrose having promised that I should be reimbursed at my Return to Paris but I never heard more of my Money nor indeed did I ever look after it Tavernier's Collect. of several Relations c. p. 37. Papists Bruno Born in Collen and Professor of Philosophy in Paris about the year of Christ 1080 being present at the Singing of the Office for his Fellow-Professor now Dead a man highly reputed for his Holy Life the Dead Corps suddainly sits up in the Bier and cries out I am in God's just Judgments eondemned These words were uttered three several days at which Bruno was so affrighted that a man held so pious was Damned began to think what would become of himself and many more Therefore concluding there was no safety for him but by forsaking the World betook himself with six of his Scholars to a hideous place for dark Woods high Hills Rocks and wild Beasts in the Province of Dauphiny near Grenoble and there built a Monastery having obtained the ground of Hugo Bishop of Grenoble the place called Carthusia whence his Monks took their Name Rosse's view of all Relig. Jews R. Hakkunas Ben Nehunia was converted by occasion of the Miracles which he saw I am Hakkunas one of them that believe and have washed my self with the Holy Waters and walk in those right ways being induced thereunto by Miracles Hortinger out of Suidas c. Elias Levita before his Death became a Christian and with thirty more Jews received Baptism but upon what occasions or inducements I cannot learn A.C. 1547. Alsted Diverse kinds of Testimonies Miraculous to Christianity Jews 1. PRomises and Prophecies and Types in Sacred Scripture 2. Satan in Possess'd Persons and Daemoniacks What have we to do with thee Jesus thou Son of God c. The Devil answering the Sons of Scevi in the Acts Acts 19. c. 3. The Jewish Nation as it is at this day dispersed through all the World and dissolved in all the most material parts of its Oeconomy without a Legal Succession of Priesthood without Genealogies without Temple without Sacrifices Holy Land Holy City Holy Altar Holy Oyl and in a word without any Government in Church or State 4. All their Attempts to regain their own Land and rebuild their own City wonderfully frustrated especially in the times of Julian the Emperor Ammian Marcell l. 23. 5. All their pretended Prophets and Saviours discovered in a most shameful manner and convicted of Imposture and Deceit especially the ignominious Delusion of Barcocab which the Jews lament to this day 6. To which may be added the Abstinence and Preaching of John Baptist and the Miracles of our Blessed Saviour As also those mentioned by Josephus relating to the Destruction of Jerusalem e.g. in the Feast of Weeks before Vespasian came against Jerusalem the Priests heard a Man walking in the Temple and saying with a wonderful Terrible Voice Come let us go away out of this Temple let us make haste away from hence c. Josephus Roman The Image of a Virgin with a Child in her Arms about the Sun seen at Rome Three Suns seen Augustus forbidding himself to be called Lord his releasing 30000 fugitive Slaves a Comet a Fountain of Oyl running all day Oracles silenced Alsted Christian 1. The Miracles done by the Apostles and Primitive Christians c. which continued in the Church for two or three hundred years after our Saviour amongst the last Recorded this is one mentioned by S. Augustine at the Aque Tibilitanae Projectus the Bishop bringing the Remains of the Martyr Stephen in a vast Multitude of People a Blind Woman desiring to be brought to the Bishop and some Flowers which she brought being laid on those Relicks and after applied to her Eyes to the wonder of all she received Sight As also when the Bodies of S. Gervasius and Protasius were dug up and Translated to Ambrose's Church at Milan not only such as were vexed with unclean Spirits were healed but also a certain noted Citizen that had been blind many years enquiring into the Reason of so much Tumult and Rejoycing among the People and being told the Cause leaped for joy
because then the Face is disfigured on the second because then the Body begins to Putrify and on the twentieth because then the Heart Corrupts Some build Huts over the Grave and cover them with Mats because the Priest Morning and Evening for six Weeks Prays over the Grave The D. of Holstein's Embas Travels Lutherans The Lutheran Women Mourn in White Dr. Brown's Trav. p. 169. Tartars When a Sick Person lies dangerously ill they send for a Moullah who comes with the Alcoran which he opens and shuts three times saying certain Prayers and laying it upon the Sick Person 's Face if the Sick Person recover 't is attributed to the Sanctity of the Alcoran and the Moullah is Presented with a Sheep or Goat If he die all his Kindred meet and carry him to the Grave with great Testimonies of Sadness crying continually Alla Alla. When he is Interr'd the Moullah mutters certain Prayers over the Grave and is paid for his Pains according to the Wealth of the Heirs For the Poor he generally spends three days and three nights in that Exercise for the Rich he as usually spends a Month never stirring all the while from the Grave and sometimes seven or Eight M. Tavernier l. 3. c. 13. Circassians and Comanians At their Funerals the near Relations or Friends of the Dead cut their Faces and some other parts of their Bodies with sharp Flints others Prostrate themselves upon the Ground and tear their Hair so that when they return from the Burial they are all of a gore Blood However notwithstanding all this Affliction they never Pray for the Dead Idem l. 3. c. 12. Gaurs When the Gaurs are Sick they send for their Priests to whom they make a kind of Confession whereupon the Priests enjoyn them to give Alms and other good Works to gain Pardon of their Sins They neither Burn nor Bury but carry the Corps without the City to a Wall'd place where are abundance of Stakes about 7 or 8 foot high fixt in the Ground and tie the Dead Corps to one of the Stakes with his Face towards the East The People falling to their Prayers till the Crows come which those Coemeteries draw to them If the Crow fasten on the right Eye they believe the Person to be happy and for joy give large Alms and make a Feast in the Field but if upon the left Eye they return home sad without speaking to one another give no Alms nor Eat nor Drink Idem l. 4. c. 8. When a Man is just breathing his last they put the Mouth of a Dog to the Mouth of the Person Dying and cause him to Bark twice in that posture that the Soul of the Deceased may enter into the Dog who they say will deliver it into the hands of the Angel appointed to receive it When any Dog dies they carry him out of the City and Pray to God for the Carrior Idem Armenians When an Armenian Dies the Mordichou one whose Office it is to wash the Dead fetches from Church a Pot of Holy-water puts in into a great Vessel of Water in which he puts the Corps and washes it then they dress it with a new white shirt breeches wastcoat bonnet put it in a linnen Sack carry it to Church with every one a Taper in their hand there the Priest saith certain prayers sets up lighted Tapers round the Corps and so leaves it all night Next morning the Bishop or Priest saith Mass and then carry the body before the door of the Bishop's house where the Bishop comes forth and saith a prayer for the soul of the deceased then 8 or 10 of the poorer sort carry the body to the Church-yard the Priests Singing Dirges all the way till the body is let down into the grave the Bishop throwing 3 handfuls of Earth into the grave saying from Earth thou camest to Earth thou shalt return and stay there till our Lord comes Their feasts afterwards for Priests and poor are chargeable for 7 days together believing no soul departed can be saved without it Tavernier l. 4. c. 13. If a slave dies the Master writes a note let him not grieve I make him free In Mexico The Pagans buried their dead in gardens or on mountains sometimes they burn'd the body and if he was a great man they killed his chaplain and his officers to attend him and buryed his wealth with him that he might not want in the other world Ross The Priest used to attire himself at these funerals like a Devil with many mouths and glass-eyes and with his staff stir'd and mingled the ashes When the King died the Priests were to Sing his Elogies and to sacrifice 200 persons to serve him Idem Armenians When we were at Breakfast news came that a certain Bishop was dead in his return from the three Churches whither he was sent by the Patriarch to gather certain duties due from the Villages Immediately the Arch-Bishop rising from Table with all his Assistants and having made a prayer for the dead sent a Bishop and six Monks to fetch the Corps who returning a little after midnight the body was presently laid in the Church upon a Carpet spread upon the ground with the face turn'd toward the Altar In the mean time a great number of Wax-Tapers were lighted and all the rest of the night two Monks watch'd by turns to pray for the dead The next morning early the Arch-Bishop the Bishops and all in Religious orders said the Office for the dead which lasted half an hour and at the end of the Mass they brought the Corps to the Altar so that they made the feet of the Corps to touch it Then they took off the linnen cloth that cover'd his head at which time the Arch-Bishop anointed him in six places with holy oyl saying certain prayers every time Then they cover'd him again and said other prayers which lasted half an hour Then they carryed the Corps out of Church with Grosses and Banners and every one a Taper in his hand As the Corps pass'd by one of the Bishops put a paper in his right hand containing these words I came from the Father and I return to the Father Being brought to the grave upon a little mountain near the Covent and set down they said other prayers which lasted a quarter of an hour In the mean time a Bishop going down into the grave took away all the stones and made the place smooth after which the Corps was let down wrapt in a large linnen sheet Then the Bishop according to the Custom raised his head a little higher than his feet turning his face to the East Which done the Arch-Bishop and Assistants took every one a handful of Earth which the Arch-Bishop bless'd and gave it to the Bishop who strewd it over the body Then the Bishop coming out again the grave was filled up M. Tavernier l. 1. c. 4. p. 18. Nestorians Armenians and Jacobites At Bagdat if a Christian dies all the rest